337:. The monastic argument is based upon evidence from within the annals that mentions land possessions based around St. Denis and the burial of Queen Betrada at St. Denis in 783; similar evidence also exists, such as the mentioning of Chelles twice. The most convincing evidence is rooted in the fact that the source maintains a strong, pro-Carolingian royal focus, making any involvement and 'direction', as worded by Jennifer R. Davis, of Gisela, a former member of the royal family and contemporary relation to royalty, a logical conclusion.
340:
However, Paul J. Fouracre and Robert A. Gerberding contest Gisela's influence, or any female direction within the
Chelles nunnery, in the composition, and so consider it more likely that the author belonged to the monastery at Metz. They argue that the author "would have been a misogynistic one" from
409:
in 687. Thereafter, we are told, Pepin held the reins of the kingdom even though he oversaw the succession of
Theuderic's sons. As Fouracre argues, this source demonstrates how Carolingian historians, and potentially writings that had connections to the royal courts, were actively attempting to
397:, which is also the earliest source for the Merovingian "decline" narrative, and it offers a basis upon which the Carolingians' eventual ascendance to the throne is legitimate. Upon thus rightly conquering Gundoin, Pepin is then primed to act, as the king
265:
The annals feature year by year entries for the years 687–830, and have been divided by historians Paul J. Fouracre and
Richard A. Gerberding into three sections, all of which show clear links to earlier and other contemporary texts, such as the
361:
history, as well as in the exploration of the mythology which
Carolingian historians attempted to create to justify their legitimacy to rule. Historians Roger Collins and Rosamond McKitterick have both made particular note of the efforts in the
288:
exclusively until 742, from which point onwards until 768 the author includes additions from the RFA. From 768 until 802, the annals borrow primarily from the RFA, and for 803–805, the author creates their own original material.
163:(687) to the time of writing (c. 806). Sections covering events after 806 are not original writings but were borrowed from other texts and appended to the original annals in the 9th and 12th centuries.
232:
was found, was compiled in the 12th century and includes material from many sources, which allows its narrative to extend from legendary Trojan origins into
Frankish history up until 904.
284:
The first section, covering the period from 687 to 805, was written in 806 by a singular author. With minor additions of their own, they borrow from the continuations of the
345:, Pepin II's wife who opposed Charles Martel, condemning her of "a womanly plan" that featured "feminine cunning more cruelly than was necessary".
717:
295:
The second section, covering the period from 806 to 829, is drawn almost verbatim from the RFA and adds very little beyond the copied text.
17:
301:
The third and final section is a single long entry for the year 830 which was added at a later date by another unknown author.
666:
571:
504:
448:
393:, and then Pepin, when he was of age, tracked down and killed Gundoin and seized power in Austrasia. – according to the
258:. This original source had been used as a source by the later annals and had been considered lost since the discovery of the
317:'s assertion, building on Janet Nelson's earlier arguments, that the annals were created either under the jurisdiction of
566:. Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought Fourth Series. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 367–384.
691:
641:
616:
389:
records; it depicts the murder of
Gundoin by Pepin probably in the 670s. Gundoin supposedly murdered Pepin's father
370:; a prime example of this, noted by Paul Fouracre, is the legendary story of Pepin of Herstal and his conflict with
722:
318:
69:
220:, where the manuscript he used was found. The version published by Duchesne is today known as the
330:
213:
440:
274:
268:
432:
314:
8:
167:
405:, had become oppressive and unjust, forcing Pepin to invade and defeat him in the great
632:
Nelson, Janet (1991). "Gender and genre in women historians of the early Middle Ages".
547:(1996). "The First Section of Annales Mettenses Priores (The Earlier Annals of Metz)".
544:
687:
662:
637:
612:
567:
500:
444:
433:
117:
208:("Metz annals of the Franks"), with the larger collection of manuscripts titled the
201:
406:
247:
160:
156:
182:
There are two main manuscripts, aside from fragmentary evidence, that contain the
378:. This story is found in no other written source, and it is often cited from the
357:
has been used in medieval historiography as evidence of
Carolingian rewriting of
121:
410:
embellish history and the
Carolingian lineage to further establish their claim.
137:
711:
398:
326:
174:
and beyond; they are considered a family history of the
Carolingian dynasty.
148:
358:
322:
171:
166:
The annals are strongly pro-Carolingian in tone, tracing the rise of the
564:
History, Frankish
Identity and the Framing of Western Ethnicity, 550-850
636:. Paris: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. pp. 192–5.
243:
390:
367:
342:
469:
Hen, Yitzhak (2000). "The Annals of Metz and the Merovingian past".
313:
has been a subject of debate, with the prevailing belief supporting
495:
Fouracre, Paul J. (2005). "The Long Shadow of the Merovingians".
371:
98:
228:. The original collection that Duchesne published, in which the
152:
473:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 175–6, 177.
334:
145:
80:
217:
499:. Manchester: Manchester University Press. pp. 6–15.
549:
Late Merovingian France: History and Hagiography, 640–720
366:
to show legitimacy by tracing noble ancestry through the
200:
is a modern addition and derives from the title given by
186:. Both manuscripts feature text from additional sources.
661:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 419.
609:
The Frankish Kingdoms Under The Carolingians, 751-987
562:
Reimitz, Helmut (2015). McKitterick, Rosamond (ed.).
212:. Duchesne believed that the text was written at the
542:
439:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
435:Charlemagne: The Formation of a European Identity
709:
551:. Manchester University Press. pp. 331–350.
189:
235:
606:
430:
329:in 806, or a similar monastic institute at
686:. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. p. 3.
591:. Vol. 1. Leiden: Brill. p. 74.
471:Uses of the Past in Early Medieval Europe
204:for the manuscript he published in 1626:
27:9th-century chronicle of Frankish history
494:
246:discovered a complete manuscript in the
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561:
385:This incident is the earliest that the
250:library which formed the basis for the
210:Historia Francorum Scriptores coaetanei
116:History of the Carolingian family from
14:
710:
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589:Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle
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718:Carolingian historical texts in Latin
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634:L'historiographie médiévale en Europe
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272:(RFA) and the continuations of the
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611:. Harlow: Longman. pp. 4, 7.
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382:purely due to its unique nature.
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170:from Pepin of Herstal through to
659:Charlemagne's Practice of Empire
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587:Dunphy, R. Graeme, ed. (2010).
497:Charlemagne: Empire and Society
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607:McKitterick, Rosamond (1983).
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431:McKitterick, Rosamond (2008).
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222:Annales Mettenses posteriores
191:Annales Mettenses posteriores
44:Annales Mettenses posteriores
155:history from the victory of
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657:Davis, Jennifer R. (2015).
206:Annales Francorum Mettenses
52:Annales Francorum Mettenses
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355:Annales Mettenses priores
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48:Annales Mettenses priores
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18:Annales Mettenses priores
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374:at the beginning of the
682:Collins, Roger (1998).
309:The composition of the
151:covering the period of
545:Gerberding, Richard A.
341:the way she describes
256:Earlier Annals of Metz
230:Earlier Annals of Metz
214:Abbey of Saint-Arnould
141:
286:Chronicle of Fredegar
275:Chronicle of Fredegar
269:Royal Frankish Annals
315:Rosamond McKitterick
260:Later Annals of Metz
226:Later Annals of Metz
723:Carolingian dynasty
543:Fouracre, Paul J.;
401:, according to the
168:Carolingian dynasty
149:Carolingian annals
668:978-1-107-43413-4
573:978-1-316-64898-8
506:978-0-7190-7089-1
450:978-0-521-71645-1
142:Annales Mettenses
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118:Pippin of Herstal
34:Annales Mettenses
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321:and sister of
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293:Second section
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202:André Duchesne
198:Annals of Metz
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120:(687) until
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684:Charlemagne
359:Merovingian
323:Charlemagne
305:Composition
178:Manuscripts
172:Charlemagne
66:Ascribed to
712:Categories
704:References
244:Karl Hampe
196:The title
95:Provenance
90:687 to 830
391:Ansegisel
368:Pippinids
343:Plectrude
331:St. Denis
254:, or the
242:In 1895,
224:, or the
108:Chronicle
72:, Unknown
58:Author(s)
157:Pepin II
153:Frankish
77:Language
403:Annales
395:Annales
387:Annales
380:Annales
376:Annales
372:Gundoin
364:Annales
159:in the
113:Subject
99:Francia
61:Unknown
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665:
640:
615:
570:
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447:
443:, 61.
414:Notes
335:Paris
146:Latin
138:Latin
124:(830)
105:Genre
81:Latin
688:ISBN
663:ISBN
638:ISBN
613:ISBN
568:ISBN
501:ISBN
445:ISBN
353:The
218:Metz
130:The
87:Date
333:in
325:at
216:in
714::
597:^
515:^
479:^
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421:^
278:.
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140::
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646:.
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509:.
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136:(
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