78:
405:("The heathens still at Duiblinn" in 842.2 and "An encampment of the foreigners of Áth Cliath at Cluain Andobuir" in 845.12) to deaths of notable names ("Carlus son of Conn son of Donnchad was killed in Áth Cliath" in 960.2) to Dublin being ruled by the Irish ("The foreigners returned to Áth Cliath and gave hostages to Brian" in 1000.4).
464:
Irish against other Irish. Some
Irishmen are even accused of doing the same sort of raiding as the Viking invaders. In "847.3 Mael Sechnaill destroyed the Island of Loch Muinremor, overcoming there a large band of wicked men of Luigni and Gailenga, who had been plundering the territories in the manner of the heathens."
460:
established a permanent base in Áth Cliath or Dublin by 841. In "841.4 There was a naval camp at Linn
Duachaill from which the peoples and churches of Tethba were plundered. There was a naval camp at Duiblinn from which the Laigin and the Uí Néill were plundered, both states and churches, as far as Sliab Bladma."
463:
Although the
Vikings are portrayed as heathens, the Annals describes strife between the Irish against each other and often the foreigners are depicted as allies to various Irish factions. The depiction of warfare involving the "heathens" is not one-sided; in the annals, they are often allied with the
412:
and can be found in the following entries: 770.1, 790.2, 841.4, 842.2, 842.7, 845.12, 851.3, 870.2, 871.2 893.4, 895.6, 902.2, 917.4, 919.3, 920.5, 921.5, 921.8, 924.3, 926.6, 927.3, 930.1, 936.2, 938.5, 938.6, 939.1, 942.3, 942.7, 944.3, 945.6, 946.1, 947.1, 950.7, 951.3, 951.7, 956.3, 960.2, 961.1,
459:
The annals mention the foreigners’ beginnings in
Ireland as one of plunder and slave-taking. According to the annals, the Norsemen took many slaves in their raids. "821.3 Étar was plundered by the heathens, and they carried off a great number of women into captivity." However, eventually they
455:
The
Vikings are called several different names throughout the annals: foreigners, dark or fair-foreigners, heathens, Norsemen, Norse-Irish and Danes. It is often unclear if these titles attribute nationalities or certain alliances as they are used intermixed throughout.
452:. The first mention of the Vikings is very brief. "794.7 Devastation of all the islands of Britain by heathens," yet over the course of the annals their attacks become more specific "807.8 The heathens burned Inis Muiredaig and invade Ros Comáin."
413:
978.3, 980.1, 994.6, 995.2, 999.8, 1000.4, 1013.12, 1013.13, 1014.2, 1018.2, 1021.1, 1022.4, 1031.2, 1035.5, 1070.2, 1075.1, 1075.4, 1084.8, 1088.4, 1094.2, 1095.4, 1100.5, 1103.5, 1105.3, 1115.4, 1118.6, 1121.7, 1126.7, and 1128.6
330:
The final entry ends with the entry about his death and includes a poem. It reads "Aed son of Niall, king of Temair, fell asleep on the twelfth of the
Kalends of 20 December Nov at Druim Inasclainn in the territory of Conaille.
224:. The Annals tend to follow the lives of the kings, including important battles, raids, and their ultimate death. Between the years of 847 and 879, three different kings are highlighted. For example:
207:
has a contemporary copy that fills some of the gaps in the original. There are two main modern
English translations of the annals – Mac Airt and Mac Niocaill (1983) and MacCarthy (1893).
740:
148:
Entries up to the mid-6th century are retrospective, drawing on earlier annalistic and historical texts, while later entries were contemporary, based on recollection and oral history.
113:. The entries span the years from 431 AD to 1540 AD. The entries up to 1489 AD were compiled in the late 15th century by the scribe Ruaidhrí Ó Luinín, under his patron
535:. 4 vols. Dublin, 1895. Available from the Internet Archive: vol. 1 (AD 431–1056), vol. 2 (AD 1057–1378) and vol. 3 (AD 1379–1588). Available from CELT, with notes of warning:
306:
858.4 – marched against Mumu, took hostages from them and travelled with them "from Belat Gabráin to Inis
Tarbnai off the Irish coast, and from Dún Cermna to Ára Airthir."
483:
1014.1 are all described in brief detail. Some Viking individuals of note mentioned in the annals with parallels in other historical sources are the foreign chieftain
295:
528:. Available from CELT: edition in vol. 1 (AD 431–1131), pp. 38–578, which excludes the pre-Patrician sections (Irish World Chronicle), pp. 2–36.
1114:
268:
748:
323:
The same pattern is followed for Aed mac Neill, the king of the northern Ui Neill clan. Aed mac Neill appears in the following entries in the
169:, with some entries in Latin. Because their sources were copied verbatim, the Annals are useful not just for historians, but also for
360:(Olaf Konung) is mentioned in the following entries: 853.2, 857.1, 859.2, 863.4, 864.2, 866.1, 867.8, 869.6, 870.6, 871.2, and 875.4
274:
533:
Annala Uladh: Annals of Ulster otherwise Annala Senait, Annals of Senat: a chronicle of Irish affairs from A.D. 431 to A.D. 1540
800:
225:
1104:
871:
Evans, N. (2010) 'The
Present and the Past in Medieval Irish Chronicles', Woodbridge & Rochester, Boydell & Brewer.
1119:
624:
577:
634:
864:
781:
17:
525:
327:: 855.3, 856.5, 860.1, 861.1, 862.2, 862.3, 863.2, 864.1, 864.3, 866.4, 868.4, 870.2, 874.4, and finally 879.1
997:
442:
documents the Viking invasions one year after the common starting event of the Viking Period, the raiding of
434:
into
Ireland and several specific events are mentioned that are paralleled in other Irish works such as the
1066:
574:
An Archaeological Survey of County Fermanagh: Volume I, Part 2 – The Early Christian and Medieval Periods
792:
182:
435:
188:
1099:
259:
114:
476:
862:
Dumville, David N. "On editing and translating medieval Irish chronicles: The Annals of Ulster."
196:
310:
149:
363:
The final entry deviates from the Irish kings and instead tells of the death of Amlaib's son,
448:
282:
850.3 – Cinaed, king of Cianacht, with help from foreign forces rebels against Mael Sechnaill
152:
has claimed that the main source for its records of the first millennium A.D. is a now-lost
1084:
1036:
Smyth, Alfred P. "The Húi Néill and the Leinstermen in the Annals of Ulster, 431–516 A.D."
856:
472:
367:
and reads: "Oistín son of Amlaíb, king of the Norsemen, was deceitfully killed by Albann."
158:
383:, the ecclesiastical capital of Ireland, which appears several times throughout the text.
364:
8:
935:
MacDonald, A.D.S. "Notes on monastic archaeology and the Annals of Ulster, 650–1050." In
1038:
981:
Mc Carthy, Daniel P. "The chronological apparatus of the Annals of Ulster AD 431–1131."
974:
Mc Carthy, Daniel P. "The chronological apparatus of the Annals of Ulster AD 82-1029."
892:
827:
480:
110:
61:
1016:
896:
831:
796:
777:
630:
585:
521:
126:
1004:
Meckler, Michael. "The Annals of Ulster and the date of the meeting of Druim Cett."
496:
921:
Hull, Vernam. "The Middle Irish preterite passive plural in the Annals of Ulster."
884:
819:
674:
669:
Downham, Clare (2013–2014), "The 'annalistic section' of Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib",
606:
200:
357:
1109:
443:
467:
Several famous battles and characters involving the Vikings can be found in the
967:
166:
96:
43:
851:
Dumville, David N. "Latin and Irish in the Annals of Ulster, AD 431–1050." In
1093:
1056:
1052:
726:
678:
488:
942:
MacDonald, A.D.S. "Notes on terminology in the Annals of Ulster, 650–1050."
545:
539:
389:
1079:
1067:
The Annals of Ulster at Oxford University Bodleian Library (MS. Rawl. B489)
844:
Byrne, Francis John. "Chiasmus and hyperbaton in the Annals of Ulster." In
500:
430:
contains a large amount of historical information on the invasions of the
965:
Mc Carthy, Daniel P. "The original compilation of the Annals of Ulster."
589:
170:
937:
Irish antiquity: essays and studies presented to Professor M. J. O'Kelly
252:
951:
Mac Niocaill, Gearóid. "Annála Uladh agus Annála Locha Cé, 1014–1220."
888:
823:
504:
134:
1029:Ó Muraíle, Nollaig. "Cathal Mac Maghnusa: his time, life and legacy."
853:
Ireland in early medieval Europe: studies in memory of Kathleen Hughes
289:
142:
130:
240:
77:
848:, ed. Michael Richter and Jean-Michel Picard. Dublin, 2002. 54–64.
487:, beginning in 845, Ímar and Amlaíb, the later progenitors of the
944:
846:
Ogma: essays in Celtic studies in honour of Próinséas Ní Chatháin
610:
581:
484:
431:
402:
875:
Flechner, Roy (2013). "The Chronicle of Ireland: Then and Now".
810:
Flechner, Roy (2013), "The Chronicle of Ireland: Then and Now",
572:
Brian G. Scott (General Editor), Claire Foley and Ronan McHugh,
903:
Gwynn, Aubrey. "Cathal mac Maghnusa and the Annals of Ulster."
492:
384:
380:
316:
860.1 – leads army into the north, attacked, but holds position
204:
153:
106:
356:
follows the lives of the Viking kings of Dublin. For example,
1024:
Aubrey Gwynn, Cathal Óg mac Maghnusa and the Annals of Ulster
909:
Aubrey Gwynn, Cathal Óg mac Maghnusa and the Annals of Ulster
988:
Mc Carthy, Daniel P. "The chronology of the Irish annals."
228:, the king of the southern Ui Neill clan from 846 to 862:
928:
Jaski, Bart. "Additional notes to the Annals of Ulster."
650:
741:"Kinder, Gentler Vikings? Not According to Their Slaves"
516:
Mac Airt, Seán and Gearóid Mac Niocaill (eds and trs.).
495:. Irish historical figures included within the text are
125:
or Ballymacmanus Island (now known as Belle Isle, where
145:). Later entries (up to AD 1540) were added by others.
401:
with entries ranging from the settlement of Dublin by
349:
From the forge-fire of the land of the sons of Mil.)"
319:
862.5 – Dies and is described as "king of all Ireland"
1060:
916:
Early Christian Ireland. Introduction to the sources
313:"to make peace and amity between the men of Ireland"
245:
843.1 – Mael Sechnaill's father, Mael Ruanaid, dies
550:AD 1201–1378 (in vol. 2): edition and translation.
375:Along with kings and kingdoms, the entries in the
180:became an important source for the authors of the
626:Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia, Vol. 1
387:, for example, referred to in the text as either
1091:
907:2 (1958–59): 230–43, 370–84. Revised version in
859:and David N. Dumville. Cambridge, 1982. 320–41.
786:
553:AD 1379–1588 (vol. 3): edition and translation.
939:, ed. Donnchadh Ó Corráin. Cork, 1981. 304–19.
334:1. (Twelve days before the melodious Kalends
173:studying the evolution of the Irish language.
379:focus on important places of Ireland such as
774:Oxford Concise Companion to Irish Literature
668:
911:, ed. Nollaig Ó Muraíle. Enniskillen, 1998.
408:The town appears 66 different times in the
220:Several kings are mentioned throughout the
338:A wonderful person died to your loss(?),
236:having killed Crunnmael son of Fiannamail.
1115:History of literature in Northern Ireland
300:856.2 – took hostages from Mumu at Caisel
258:846.7 – Suffers heavy losses at hands of
199:, possesses the original manuscript; the
809:
656:
340:Aed of Ailech, over-king of the Irish.
76:
1017:PDF available from the Internet Archive
629:. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 70.
14:
1092:
990:Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
347:Against iron-tipped spears a buckler
345:Who brought plenty to landed Temair,
343:2. A generous prudent man of shields
285:851.2 – kills Cinaed, king of Cianacht
998:Irish chronicles and their chronology
918:. London and Ithaca NY, 1972. 99–159.
705:
703:
701:
699:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
421:
416:
1013:The language of the Annals of Ulster
622:
578:Northern Ireland Environment Agency
294:854.2 – took hostages from Mumu at
24:
838:
747:. 28 December 2015. Archived from
684:
352:Just as with the Irish kings, the
303:856.3 – battle against the Vikings
197:Library of Trinity College, Dublin
25:
1131:
1046:
865:Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies
518:The Annals of Ulster (to AD 1131)
279:849.12 – conducts siege in Crupat
186:. It also informs the Irish text
767:
309:859.3 – attends a conference at
288:851.5 – attends a conference in
226:Máel Sechnaill mac Máele Ruanaid
1059:) at University College Cork's
267:847.3 – Destroys the Island of
248:845.7 – Kills his brother Flann
232:839.6 – First mentioned in the
787:Charles-Edwards, T.M. (2006).
733:
662:
616:
595:
566:
538:AD 1155–1201 (vols. 1 and 2):
531:Mac Carthy, B. (ed. and tr.).
336:Of December—a harsh company—
13:
1:
559:
544:AD 431–1201 (vols. 1 and 2):
1063:– Corpus of Electronic Texts
446:in 793, as mentioned by the
7:
1105:Medieval history of Ireland
1073:
623:Koch, John T., ed. (2006).
603:The Book of Ulster Surnames
510:
273:848.4 – defeats Vikings at
10:
1136:
1120:16th-century history books
793:Liverpool University Press
491:, rulers of Áth Cliath or
210:
183:Annals of the Four Masters
27:Chronicle of Irish history
960:The medieval Irish annals
855:, ed. Dorothy Whitelock,
370:
264:847.2 – Begins his reign.
67:
57:
37:
789:The Chronicle of Ireland
745:National Geographic News
679:10.1484/J.PERIT.5.102744
215:
958:Mac Niocaill, Gearóid.
436:Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib
189:Cogad Gáedel re Gallaib
776:, Robert Welsh, 1996.
727:"The Annals of Ulster"
613:, 1988 (2003 reprint).
520:. DIAS, Dublin, 1983.
397:, is described in the
115:Cathal Óg Mac Maghnusa
100:
86:
47:
1069:– early 16th century.
995:Mc Carthy, Daniel P.
877:Early Medieval Europe
812:Early Medieval Europe
673:, 24–25 (4): 141–72,
449:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle
176:A century later, the
150:T. M. Charles-Edwards
80:
1085:Chronicle of Ireland
1053:The Annals of Ulster
1026:. Enniskillen, 1998.
1022:Ó Muraíle, Nollaig.
1015:. Manchester, 1910.
992:C 98 (1998): 203–55.
857:Rosamond McKitterick
473:Battle of Brunanburh
311:Ráith Aeda Meic Bric
165:The Annals used the
159:Chronicle of Ireland
156:continuation of the
1033:16.2 (1998): 45–64.
576:, pp. 698 and 349.
119:Senadh-Mic-Maghnusa
117:, on the island of
38:Original title
34:
1042:14 (1974): 121–43.
978:16 (2002): 256–83.
932:48 (1997): 103–52.
914:Hughes, Kathleen.
889:10.1111/emed.12025
824:10.1111/emed.12025
659:, pp. 422 ff.
481:Battle of Clontarf
422:Vikings in Ireland
417:Historical context
137:in the kingdom of
129:is located), near
87:
81:Manuscript of the
32:
1011:Ó Máille, Tomás.
1008:11 (1997): 44–52.
971:38 (2004): 77–84.
948:1 (1982): 329–33.
925:28 (1952): 107–8.
868:10 (1985): 67–86.
802:978-0-85323-959-8
586:Colourpoint Books
503:son of Niall and
296:Inneóin na nDéise
127:Belle Isle Castle
75:
74:
68:Publication place
33:Annals of Ulster
16:(Redirected from
1127:
1100:Irish chronicles
1039:Études Celtiques
985:8 (1994): 46–79.
955:6 (1959): 18–25.
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399:Annals of Ulster
377:Annals of Ulster
354:Annals of Ulster
325:Annals of Ulster
234:Annals of Ulster
222:Annals of Ulster
201:Bodleian Library
178:Annals of Ulster
121:, also known as
111:medieval Ireland
92:Annals of Ulster
85:500–1000 AD
83:Annals of Ulster
62:Medieval Ireland
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1094:Categories
1057:translated
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489:Uí Ímair
395:Duiblinn
255:prisoner
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216:Kings
133:, on
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