131:
most important purpose in this manner. They would send soldiers to areas throughout Egypt whose jobs it was to quell rebellions or to repel attackers. This is very evident in the use of the ships to transport food and supplies to the forts that were stationed in the south near Nubia. These forts often were placed in difficult areas and so in order to feed themselves they relied heavily upon the rations that they received from cities such as Thebes and Karnak. This purpose was always used by the
Egyptian from the very start of their civilization to the time of the New Kingdom where they would resupply their troops based in the Levantine region via the sea.
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147:. This relief shows us the Egyptian small yet maneuverable ships fighting against the larger yet slower ships of the Sea People. It portrays the ships as platforms from which archers and slingers can pepper down the enemy from. Having such fast and maneuverable ships enabled the Egyptians to constantly harass the enemy at a range while at the same time withdraw to safety and attack from a different side. At this stage, this purpose existed mostly in the New Kingdom era, although we are led to believe that it was used during the
168:
vessels of the Sea
Peoples. Upon boarding them, most of the crew on the Egyptian ships would arm themselves and fight in close quarter combat through the use of spears, shields, and battle axes. The Egyptian never had a specific Marine unit, but rather it was known that anyone on board is equally capable of both maintaining the ship and fighting at the same time. The Egyptians would board other ships using the most common method of using grappling hooks to pull in a ship after peppering them with arrows and sling shots.
193:. One account of the siege comes from a soldier and sailor that fought in the siege named Ahmose son of Ibana. In his accounts, he states how he was stationed on a ship called the Northern in which he sailed with the Egyptian army towards Avaris. After fighting a battle, they laid siege to the city and surrounded it. The siege of Avaris must have been a combined naval and land based attack since Ahmose son of Ibana claimed to have "fought in the canal against Pezedku of Avaris".
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reeds, the ocean and seagoing ships were then made out of cedar wood, most probably from the woods of Byblos in present day
Lebanon. While the use of navy was not as important to the Egyptians as it may have been to the Greeks or Romans, it still proved its worth during the Thutmoside campaigns and even in defending Egypt under Rameses III. Thutmose III understood the importance in maintaining a fast and efficient communications and
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war. It can be said that without the successful efficiency of the
Egyptian navy, the Egyptian army would not have been able to campaign as long as it wished, and therefore, Egypt's influence over the Levantine region would have been drastically reduced. The navy enabled Egyptian civilization to continue with its way of life until its ultimate slow decline.
207:
in the Nile. In the account from the temple relief of
Medinat Habu Ramises states, "I prepared the river-mouth like a strong wall with warships, galleys, and light craft. They were completely equipped both fore and aft with brave fighters carrying their weapons, and infantry of all the pick of Egypt."
37:
has a very extensive history almost as old as the nation itself. The best sources over the type of ships they used and their purposes come from the reliefs from the various religious temples that spread throughout the land. While the early ships that were used to sail the Nile were often made out of
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were arriving in the
Levantine region and destroying its cities. Already the once mighty Hittites were destroyed by these people of mysterious origin and it soon became obvious that Egypt with all of its wealth would be next. Rameses III prepared a mighty fleet and planned to repulse the Sea Peoples
201:
This war is perhaps the most famous
Egyptian war heavily involving the naval strength of the empire, and it is the first to ever be well documented. During the reign of Rameses III which was in 1182 BCE to 1151 BCE, a new threat arose to challenge the Egyptians in a different way than what they were
223:
While the
Egyptians were often a land based population, they quickly proved to master the art of seafaring as they learned its benefits. The Egyptian navy continued to serve the military as a transportation mechanism, an amphibious force, and at the same time an aggressive force with which to wage
130:
The
Egyptian landscape is often considered harsh and very difficult to travel through except for the few miles that surround the Nile Valley. For this reason, using ships as a means of communication and transportation proved to be very effective. The Egyptians had used their navy for the first and
66:
were almost nonexistent other than to perform communication and transportation duties. However, through the massive reorganization of the
Egyptian military in the New Kingdom and the aggressive foreign policy pursued by the Kings, the navy began to become ever more crucial in maintaining Egyptian
214:
all falling into the Nile and pierced by the arrows that were being fired from the Egyptian ships. At the same time, Rameses claims that he lured the enemy close to Nile shore where he unleashed upon them hundreds of thousands of arrows. The Egyptians on their fast and nimble riverine crafts won
167:
This purpose probably took place more during the New Kingdom when the situation arose for the Egyptians to disable any threats to their sea. It is also most visible to us from the temple relief of Medinat Habu in which it portrays the Egyptian Marines on board the ships attempting to board the
99:
being crushed by a lion’s head. These ships often had two rudder oars, since built in rudders were not invented at the time. At the same time, they could have been as heavy as 70 or 80 tonnes with around 50 rowers.
42:
that would connect his bases in the Levantine region with Egypt. For this reason, he constructed his famous dockyard for the royal fleet near Memphis, whose sole purpose was to constantly supply the campaigning
180:
are not often recounted since there was no distinction between the navy and the army in ancient Egypt, we do gather some information every now and then of battles that were fought through the use of ships.
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83:, with whom they had good trade relations. At the same time, they would ask other states that they traded with to supply them with a certain number of ships. This is exemplified in the
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79:, and so their purpose was only to navigate through the Nile. Whenever ships were required to endure longer travels, Egypt often imported cedar wood from
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Ships were first constructed in a very basic manner in which they used reeds. These ships were in no way able to travel in the Red or
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One such example is when Ahmose led a siege against the Hyksos city of Avaris at the end of the 17th and beginning of the
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where we find a request to the King of Cyprus to construct ships for the Egyptian navy. By the time of the Battle of the
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against the maritime vessels of the Sea People, who are depicted by the Egyptians as ill equipped for ranged combat.
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to use as a platform from which archers would fire their arrows upon the enemy that were land or sea-based,
91:, the Egyptians had become experts in constructing ships. Their ships had a single mast with a horizontal
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1992:
1987:
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Shaw, Ian. Egyptian warfare and weapons. Buckinghamshire: Shire Publications, 1991.
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with additional troops as well as communication with Egypt and general supplies.
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Robinson, John L. Classical Naval Warfare. Vol. 2. New York: Robin Inc., 1999.
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the transportation of troops and supplies to certain areas that required them,
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Cottrell, Leonard. Warrior Pharaohs. London: Evans Brothers Limited, 1968.
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that show the great attempted invasion of Egypt by the
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This is especially noticeable in the reliefs of the
196:
210:In that relief, it portrays the enemy with their
3546:
811:
391:
95:on it. One bow was usually decorated with a
3353:Ancient Shipwreck Museum at Kyrenia Castle
3300:International Congress of Maritime Museums
3280:Advisory Council on Underwater Archaeology
2572:
818:
804:
398:
384:
108:The Egyptian navy had four main purposes:
3413:
3368:National Museum of Subaquatic Archaeology
405:
70:
17:
3338:Bodrum Museum of Underwater Archaeology
171:
54:all the way until the beginning of the
3547:
3290:European Association of Archaeologists
184:
162:
3565:Military history of the Mediterranean
3412:
2571:
2546:Pompey's campaign against the pirates
2504:
2374:
2373:
1756:
1358:
837:
825:
799:
379:
760:
3285:Archaeological Institute of America
780:
13:
366:
14:
3591:
3555:Military history of ancient Egypt
3295:Institute of Nautical Archaeology
2685:Coastal defence and fortification
2060:Roman circumnavigation of Britain
1360:Navigation, and ports and harbors
508:Ancient Egyptian race controversy
202:used to. A new people called the
125:
3529:
3395:
3320:Society for American Archaeology
2554:
2487:
2356:
1739:
1341:
779:
769:
759:
750:
749:
738:
701:
2752:Phoenician discovery of America
770:
354:
345:
336:
327:
318:
197:The war against the Sea Peoples
2444:Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
309:
300:
291:
282:
273:
264:
255:
242:
233:
1:
3363:Museum of Ancient Ships, Pisa
2038:Phoenician maritime expansion
227:
218:
118:to destroy other enemy ships,
3305:Nautical Archaeology Society
134:
67:power and influence abroad.
7:
3358:Museum of Ancient Seafaring
2735:Temple of Poseidon, Sounion
2541:Kidnapping of Julius Caesar
2398:Indus–Mesopotamia relations
1757:
838:
693:Egypt–Mesopotamia relations
513:Population history of Egypt
10:
3596:
3575:Naval warfare of antiquity
3214:Phoenician Ship Expedition
2505:
2055:Pytheas' voyage to Britain
2048:Circumnavigation of Africa
149:Second Intermediate Period
103:
3527:
3419:
3408:
3393:
3328:
3270:
3073:
3057:
2805:
2740:Samothrace temple complex
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437:
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2028:Greeks in pre-Roman Gaul
745:Ancient Egypt portal
3310:RPM Nautical Foundation
3047:Surviving ancient ships
2966:Marsala Punic shipwreck
252:. New York: Rays, 2001.
3580:Naval history of Egypt
3343:Giza Solar boat museum
2797:Underwater exploration
2792:Underwater archaeology
2757:Pre-Columbian theories
2612:John Sinclair Morrison
2573:Research and education
2023:Austronesian Expansion
248:Kostas, Papadoupolos.
30:
3414:Legend and literature
3372:Viking ship museums:
3348:Grand Egyptian Museum
3108:Austronesian replicas
3083:Heyerdahl expeditions
2993:Caligula's Giant Ship
2853:Dover Bronze Age Boat
1515:Berenice Troglodytica
419:Glossary of artifacts
71:Construction of ships
35:ancient Egyptian navy
21:
3315:Sea Research Society
2717:Maritime archaeology
2526:Ameinias the Phocian
2521:Mediterranean piracy
172:Famous naval battles
151:during the siege of
2408:Maritime Jade Route
1561:Kaveri Poompattinam
565:Cursive hieroglyphs
185:The siege of Avaris
163:Boardings of people
141:Medinet Habu temple
121:to carry prisoners.
2956:Bajo de la Campana
2658:Peter Throckmorton
2643:Jean-Yves Empereur
2617:William L. Rodgers
2438:Maritime Silk Road
538:Funerary practices
31:
3560:Navies by country
3542:
3541:
3538:
3537:
3404:
3403:
3391:
3390:
3011:Madrague de Giens
2730:Temple of Isthmia
2726:Maritime temples
2712:Marine navigation
2671:
2670:
2663:Shelley Wachsmann
2653:J. Richard Steffy
2563:
2562:
2496:
2495:
2365:
2364:
2352:
2351:
2303:
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2033:Ocean exploration
1748:
1747:
1735:
1734:
1394:Rutter (nautical)
1350:
1349:
1337:
1336:
1193:Mortise and tenon
827:Ancient seafaring
793:
792:
548:Great Royal Wives
518:Prehistoric Egypt
77:Mediterranean Sea
64:ancient Egyptians
3587:
3570:Disbanded navies
3533:
3532:
3427:Ark of bulrushes
3410:
3409:
3399:
3398:
3037:Oldest surviving
2747:Nusantao network
2622:Chester G. Starr
2587:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2569:
2568:
2558:
2557:
2531:Cilician pirates
2502:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2428:Sa Huynh-Kalanay
2423:Iron Age Britain
2371:
2370:
2360:
2359:
2078:
2077:
1767:
1766:
1754:
1753:
1743:
1742:
1657:Ptolemais Theron
1367:
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1356:
1355:
1345:
1344:
937:Single-outrigger
848:
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60:navy and vessels
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3271:Institutes and
3266:
3221:Viking replicas
3162:Balangay Voyage
3075:
3069:
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2014:
2007:
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1607:Mueang Phra Rot
1461:
1452:
1361:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1287:
1261:Triangular sail
1222:
1159:
1133:Sail components
1044:
1013:
987:Tessarakonteres
842:
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729:
706:
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433:
410:
404:
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367:Further reading
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324:Cottrell (1968)
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306:Cottrell (1968)
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279:Cottrell (1968)
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270:Cottrell (1968)
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3196:Mediterranean
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3149:Alingano Maisu
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2998:De Meern ships
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2868:Cape Gelidonya
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2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2813:
2811:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2703:
2702:
2692:
2687:
2681:
2679:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2632:
2631:Archaeologists
2628:
2627:
2625:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2597:David Blackman
2593:
2591:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2560:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2536:Jewish pirates
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2512:
2509:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2480:
2479:
2469:
2468:
2467:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2381:
2380:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2355:
2353:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2346:
2345:
2344:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2322:
2311:
2309:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2222:Lake Trasimene
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2123:Mediterranean:
2119:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1900:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1829:
1828:
1827:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1799:
1794:
1784:
1779:
1773:
1771:
1763:
1762:
1750:
1749:
1746:
1745:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1732:
1730:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1448:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1426:Maritime pilot
1423:
1413:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1396:
1391:
1389:Portolan chart
1386:
1381:
1375:
1373:
1363:
1362:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1332:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1288:
1286:
1285:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1238:
1232:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1169:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1157:
1152:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1136:
1135:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1045:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1021:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
990:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
962:Oared warships
959:
951:
950:
949:
944:
939:
929:
924:
919:
914:
909:
904:
899:
898:
897:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
856:
854:
844:
843:
831:
830:
823:
822:
815:
808:
800:
791:
790:
788:
787:
777:
767:
757:
747:
734:
731:
730:
728:
727:
722:
717:
711:
708:
707:
700:
698:
696:
695:
690:
685:
680:
679:
678:
673:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
642:
641:
636:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
590:
589:
584:
574:
569:
568:
567:
557:
556:
555:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
499:
498:
488:
483:
478:
477:
476:
466:
465:
464:
459:
454:
444:
438:
435:
434:
432:
431:
426:
421:
415:
412:
411:
403:
402:
395:
388:
380:
374:
373:
368:
365:
363:
362:
353:
344:
335:
326:
317:
308:
299:
290:
281:
272:
263:
254:
241:
231:
229:
226:
220:
217:
198:
195:
186:
183:
173:
170:
164:
161:
136:
133:
127:
126:Transportation
124:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
105:
102:
85:Amarna letters
72:
69:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3592:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3512:
3508:
3506:
3505:
3501:
3499:
3498:
3497:Metamorphoses
3494:
3492:
3490:
3489:The Histories
3486:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3467:The Histories
3464:
3462:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3421:
3418:
3411:
3407:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3335:
3333:
3327:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3269:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3229:
3228:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3197:
3195:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3182:Marumaru Atua
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3142:Samudra Raksa
3139:
3137:
3136:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3128:Te Au o Tonga
3125:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3091:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3084:
3081:
3080:
3078:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3034:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3012:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2988:Blackfriars I
2986:
2984:
2983:Arles Rhône 3
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2942:
2941:
2937:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2787:Thalassocracy
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2772:Shell middens
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2722:Naval warfare
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:Lionel Casson
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2566:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2513:
2510:
2503:
2499:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2433:Incense trade
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2378:
2372:
2368:
2343:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2337:South America
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Sailing ships
2283:
2281:
2280:Oared vessels
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2262:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2202:Cape Hermaeum
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2079:
2076:
2072:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2013:Migration and
2010:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1823:
1822:
1821:
1820:Ancient Egypt
1818:
1817:
1815:
1813:Civilizations
1811:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1785:
1783:
1780:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1703:
1700:
1698:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1437:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1405:
1402:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1357:
1353:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1217:
1214:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Clinker built
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1173:Boat building
1171:
1170:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1153:
1151:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1020:
1016:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
958:
955:
954:
952:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
934:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
922:Navis lusoria
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
896:
893:
892:
891:
888:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
857:
855:
853:
849:
845:
841:
836:
832:
828:
821:
816:
814:
809:
807:
802:
801:
798:
786:
778:
776:
768:
766:
758:
756:
748:
746:
736:
735:
732:
726:
723:
721:
720:Egyptologists
718:
716:
713:
712:
709:
704:
694:
691:
689:
686:
684:
681:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
640:
637:
635:
632:
631:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
588:
585:
583:
580:
579:
578:
575:
573:
570:
566:
563:
562:
561:
558:
554:
551:
550:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
497:
494:
493:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
475:
472:
471:
470:
467:
463:
460:
458:
455:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
443:
440:
439:
436:
430:
427:
425:
422:
420:
417:
416:
413:
408:
407:Ancient Egypt
401:
396:
394:
389:
387:
382:
381:
378:
371:
370:
357:
348:
342:Kostas (2001)
339:
330:
321:
312:
303:
297:Kostas (2001)
294:
288:Kostas (2001)
285:
276:
267:
261:Kostas (2001)
258:
251:
250:Naval Warfare
245:
236:
232:
225:
216:
213:
208:
205:
194:
192:
182:
179:
178:naval battles
169:
160:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
132:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
109:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
46:
45:Egyptian army
41:
36:
29:
25:
20:
16:
3518:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3488:
3480:
3475:On the Ocean
3473:
3466:
3458:
3455:Literature:
3243:
3225:
3206:
3199:
3189:Aotearoa One
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3099:
3095:
3087:
3074:Experimental
3042:Museum ships
3009:
3002:
2975:
2947:Phoenician:
2938:
2933:Leontophoros
2931:
2895:Butuan boats
2890:Pontian boat
2828:Dufuna canoe
2767:Shipbuilding
2678:and theories
2648:Boris Rankov
2442:
2375:Economy and
2275:Incendiaries
2122:
2089:
1909:Indus Valley
1877:Tarumanagara
1804:Ubaid period
1722:Wadi al-Jarf
1637:Ostia Antica
1241:Fore-and-aft
1208:Shipbuilding
1183:Carvel built
1165:Construction
1123:Steering oar
1004:Sailing ship
927:Obelisk ship
885:Dugout canoe
447:Architecture
356:
347:
338:
329:
320:
311:
302:
293:
284:
275:
266:
257:
244:
235:
222:
209:
200:
191:18th Dynasty
188:
175:
166:
138:
129:
107:
74:
49:
34:
32:
15:
3482:Argonautica
3469:(Herodotus)
3432:Flood myths
3329:Museums and
3273:conferences
3238:Vital Alsar
3076:archaeology
2885:Austronesia
2878:Hjortspring
2873:Rochelongue
2823:Pesse canoe
2777:Ship burial
2762:Sea Peoples
2695:Lighthouses
2690:Grave goods
2638:George Bass
2418:Spice trade
2015:exploration
1837:Philippines
1832:Austronesia
1825:Old Kingdom
1702:Trincomalee
1652:Prosphorion
1597:Myos Hormos
1441:Micronesian
1432:By region:
1404:Lighthouses
1212:By region:
977:Quinquereme
902:Kunlun ship
895:Penteconter
880:Dragon boat
785:WikiProject
599:Mathematics
560:Hieroglyphs
474:Portraiture
442:Agriculture
429:Main topics
360:Shaw (1999)
351:Shaw (1999)
333:Shaw (1999)
204:Sea Peoples
145:Sea Peoples
97:human skull
93:square sail
89:Sea Peoples
56:New Kingdom
52:Old Kingdom
50:During the
40:supply line
22:Model of a
3549:Categories
3491:(Polybius)
3135:Hawaiʻiloa
3017:Nemi ships
2902:Black Sea
2848:Khufu ship
2809:and relics
2707:Marine art
2700:Alexandria
2607:Fik Meijer
2590:Historians
2477:Indo-Roman
2290:Greek navy
2192:Salamis II
2182:Hellespont
2142:Artemisium
2132:Nile Delta
2095:Achaemenid
1988:Achaemenid
1857:Langkasuka
1852:Micronesia
1770:Prehistory
1697:Sounagoura
1525:Chittagong
1500:Barbarikon
1479:Alexandria
1421:Pilot boat
1371:Navigation
1203:Sewn-plank
1198:Lashed-lug
1076:Figurehead
1049:Components
1018:Propulsion
972:Quadrireme
953:Polyremes
932:Outriggers
715:Egyptology
683:Technology
646:Philosophy
594:Literature
486:Chronology
228:References
219:Conclusion
212:tall ships
28:Ramses III
3504:Geography
3442:Gilgamesh
3331:memorials
3255:Viracocha
3168:Faʻafaite
3121:Sarimanok
3027:Yassi Ada
2940:Syracusia
2863:Canaanite
2838:Moor Sand
2308:By region
2270:Grappling
2242:Naulochus
2232:Myonessus
2187:Echinades
2172:Arginusae
2167:Cynossema
2152:Naupactus
2147:Eurymedon
1981:Classical
1956:Phoenicia
1951:Mycenaean
1914:Tamilakam
1897:Polynesia
1887:Srivijaya
1682:Satingpra
1642:Palembang
1626:Cattigara
1568:(Kadaram)
1551:Jambukola
1545:Guangzhou
1486:(Podouke)
1484:Arikamedu
1446:Polynesia
1379:Celestial
1292:Armaments
1278:Spritsail
1236:Crab claw
1178:Careening
1145:Sternpost
999:Reed boat
942:Catamaran
917:Multihull
619:Mythology
543:Geography
533:Dynasties
481:Astronomy
135:Platforms
26:fleet of
3520:Tākitimu
3423:Legend:
3381:Roskilde
3260:Tangaroa
3201:Olympias
3175:Gaualofa
3114:Hōkūleʻa
3089:Kon-Tiki
2922:Ashkelon
2858:Uluburun
2817:Earliest
2583:Scholars
2465:shipping
2265:Boarding
2177:Mytilene
2162:Syracuse
2127:Alashiya
2090:Egyptian
2074:Military
2065:Timeline
2043:Sardinia
1966:Carthage
1882:Kalingga
1842:Sa Huỳnh
1777:Timeline
1727:Zanzibar
1677:Sarapion
1672:Rhacotis
1602:Martaban
1547:(Canton)
1540:Godavaya
1535:Giao Chỉ
1505:Barygaza
1495:Avalites
1416:Piloting
1304:Catapult
1299:Ballista
1273:Mast-aft
1086:Planking
1025:Paddling
982:Hexareme
947:Trimaran
912:Longship
860:Balangay
755:Category
676:District
671:Capitals
656:Religion
639:Titulary
629:Pharaohs
609:Military
604:Medicine
587:Hieratic
577:Language
503:Clothing
457:Obelisks
3460:Odyssey
3437:Genesis
3234:Others
3033:Lists:
3022:Marausa
2972:Roman:
2962:Punic:
2927:Kyrenia
2918:Greek:
2914:Marsala
2907:Sinop D
2782:Tacking
2516:History
2403:Meluhha
2393:Fishing
2388:Whaling
2295:Ramming
2217:Aegates
2212:Drepana
2207:Ecnomus
2137:Salamis
2125:
2115:Battles
1993:Nabatea
1976:Archaic
1946:Nuragic
1936:Somalia
1787:Oceania
1782:Britain
1759:History
1692:Socotra
1662:Qandala
1647:Piraeus
1617:Muziris
1587:Madurai
1582:Manthai
1520:Canopus
1490:Arsinoe
1462:harbors
1411:History
1399:Coastal
1329:Sambuca
1314:Dolphin
1228:Rigging
1040:Poling
1030:Sailing
967:Trireme
907:Liburna
870:Coracle
840:Vessels
775:Outline
765:Commons
725:Museums
661:Scribes
651:Pottery
582:Demotic
572:History
523:Cuisine
452:Revival
104:Purpose
62:of the
24:warship
3511:Aeneid
3227:Viking
3208:Regina
2977:Alkedo
2833:Abydos
2807:Wrecks
2676:Topics
2506:Piracy
2460:Greece
2320:Odisha
2252:Actium
2247:Mycale
2082:Navies
1971:Greece
1961:Olmecs
1929:Pandya
1904:Minoan
1867:Champa
1847:Lapita
1792:Remote
1712:Tyndis
1667:Quilon
1612:Muscat
1577:Lothal
1572:Korkai
1556:Jeddah
1530:Essina
1474:Adulis
1384:Charts
1319:Harpax
1309:Corvus
1283:Square
1251:Settee
1246:Lateen
1155:Tiller
1150:Strake
1118:Rudder
1108:Paddle
1056:Anchor
1035:Towing
957:Bireme
890:Galley
865:Bangka
624:People
491:Cities
409:topics
176:While
157:Ahmose
153:Avaris
81:Byblos
58:, the
3447:Greek
3250:Abora
3244:Ivlia
3156:Saina
3100:Ra II
3058:Sites
2843:Dokos
2455:Egypt
2377:trade
2342:Rafts
2327:Japan
2315:India
2227:Chios
2197:Mylae
2157:Olpae
2105:Roman
2100:Greek
1998:Aksum
1924:Chera
1919:Chola
1892:Sunda
1872:Kutai
1862:Kedah
1707:Tulum
1687:Sidon
1632:Opone
1622:Óc Eo
1592:Malao
1566:Kedah
1510:Basra
1458:Ports
1436:Inuit
1256:Tanja
1216:Egypt
1066:Cabin
1009:Tomol
852:Types
688:Trade
666:Sites
614:Music
528:Dance
462:Pylon
424:Index
3376:Oslo
3098:and
3004:Isis
2951:Gozo
2472:Rome
2450:Maya
2332:Rome
2237:Nile
2003:Rome
1941:Maya
1797:Near
1717:Tyre
1469:Aden
1268:Junk
1140:Stem
1128:Sail
1113:Rope
1098:Mast
1093:Keel
1081:Hull
1071:Deck
994:Raft
875:Dhow
634:List
553:List
496:List
33:The
2413:Tin
1460:and
1324:Ram
1103:Oar
1061:Bow
469:Art
155:by
3551::
3096:Ra
3065:H3
2819::
159:.
1628:)
1624:(
819:e
812:t
805:v
399:e
392:t
385:v
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