Amintore Fanfani - Knowledge

2350: 2111: 2527: 7613: 7001: 8197: 5749: 8239: 7990: 1742:. As Minister of Labour, he developed the so-called "Fanfani house" program for government-built workers' homes and put 200,000 of Italy's unemployed to work on a reforestation program. As Minister of Agriculture, he set in motion much of the Christian Democrats' land reform program. On 28 February 1949, Fanfani launched a seven-year plan for popular housing to increase the stock of economic housing by means of construction or purchase of economic accommodation. The law also established a special housing fund, the so-called "INA-Casa", within the National Institute for Insurance ( 8169: 7965: 8253: 2573: 8018: 8513: 7923: 8885: 8211: 5936: 8471: 5665: 8404: 7951: 8910: 8004: 2149:, while general improvements to cash benefits were carried out: all pensions were to be adjusted every third year to the minimum contractual wage in the respective industrial sector, while earnings-replacement rates were raised to correspond to contractual disability rates. In February 1963, improved health benefits for agricultural workers, with the introduction of free pharmaceutical assistance and the flat-rate sickness indemnity replaced by an earnings-related indemnity equal to 50% of minimum contractual pay (in each 5756: 8664: 9103: 8952: 7909: 8787: 2490: 8130: 8857: 8046: 2676: 2205: 8555: 8622: 8801: 8102: 8773: 1822: 3408: 8541: 8376: 8871: 8390: 8569: 8320: 8267: 7937: 8692: 8636: 2244:, the Christian Democrats lost almost one million votes, gaining nearly 38%, while the PCI arrived second with 25%. However the liberals surged to 7%, their best results ever, receiving many votes from former Christian Democratic supporters, who were against Fanfani's centre-left policies. With the decline of electoral support, on 22 June 1963, the majority of DC members decided to replace Fanfani with a provisional government led by impartial 9075: 9008: 8678: 8432: 8418: 8183: 8088: 8759: 9089: 9036: 9022: 8843: 8706: 8583: 8485: 8348: 8281: 8155: 8980: 8734: 8720: 8362: 8116: 9061: 8938: 8650: 9700: 9485: 9280: 8966: 8499: 8306: 7620: 7007: 8815: 8924: 8608: 8074: 8060: 8457: 8994: 8829: 8334: 8225: 8527: 8032: 2603:, Cossiga was elected as president with 752 votes out of 977. His candidacy was endorsed by the DC, but supported also by communists, socialists, social democrats, liberals and republicans. This was the first time an Italian presidential candidate had won the election on the first ballot, where a two-thirds majority is necessary. On 9 July 1985, Fanfani was re-elected President of the Senate, for a third term. 6176: 2415:, which was approved by the parliament in 1970. Those voting "yes" wanted to outlaw divorce as had been the case before the law came into effect, and those voting "no" wanted to retain the law and their newly gained right to divorce. The voting method caused significant confusion with many people not understanding that they had to vote "no" to be able to divorce or vote "yes" to outlaw divorce. 3004: 2962: 2922: 2882: 2842: 2801: 1715:, which would remain his political stronghold for all his career. As a constituent, he was appointed in the Commission that drafted the text of the new Republican Constitution. The first article of the new constitution reflected Fanfani's philosophy. He proposed an article, which read: "Italy is a democratic republic founded on labor." After two years, in the 4335: 1944: 2048:(PLI) withdrew its support to Segni's government, Fanfani cooperated with Moro, attempting to establish a new centre-left government, with a case-by-case socialist support. However, this pact was strongly opposed by ecclesiastical hierarchies as well as the usual opposition of the DC's right-wing. After Fanfani's failure, 38: 2071:, had to refuse any relationship with fascist and monarchist forces, seen as anti-constitutional groups. Strikes and revolts causing some casualties erupted through the country, and Tambroni had to resign within few months. On 26 July 1960, Fanfani returned to the premiership, this time with an openly 2568:

of forming a new government and sworn in on 1 December 1982. The cabinet was composed by members of DC, PSI, PSDI, and PLI. Fanfani resigned on 29 April 1983, when, after months of tense relations in the majority, the central committee of the Socialist Party, meeting on 22 April, decided the withdrew

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During this term as prime minister, Fanfani carried out a number of reforms in areas such as health, education, and social security. On 8 April 1962 the cabinet introduced broad provisions covering building areas. Local governments were obliged to provide plans of areas suitable for economic housing,

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style, as well as his reputation as an economic reformer, ensured that the moderate and the right-wingers within the DC, who opposed the state's intrusion into the country's economic life, regarded him with distrust. His indefatigable energy and his passion for efficiency carried him far in politics,

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but which gradually lost its appeal. "Capitalism requires such a dread of loss," he once wrote, "such a forgetfulness of human brotherhood, such a certainty that a man's neighbour is merely a customer to be gained or a rival to be overthrown, and all these are inconceivable in the Catholic conception

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ideas of the regime promoting collaboration between the classes, which he defended in many articles. "Some day", he once wrote, "the European continent will be organized into a vast supranational area guided by Italy and Germany. Those areas will take authoritarian governments and synchronize their

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In March 1978, the political crisis was overcome by the intervention of Aldo Moro, who proposed a new cabinet, again formed only by Christian Democratic politicians, but with positive confidence votes from the other parties, including Berlinguer's PCI. This cabinet was formed on 16 March 1978, the

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During the kidnapping of his long-time friend but also rival, despite Andreotti and Cossiga's positions, Fanfani did not refuse every possibility of negotiations with the terrorists. Moro was killed by the Red Brigades in May 1978. Fanfani was the only Christian Democratic leader to be allowed by

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On 5 July 1976, Fanfani was elected President of the Senate for a second term, a position that he held until 1 December 1982. In that new political phase he had to significantly reduce his ambitions of holding an active political role, acting like sober and low-profile statesman. Meanwhile, on 30

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Fanfani held all positions and offices that a politician could possibly aspire to, except the one he craved most, the presidency of the Republic. His authoritarian nature and factionalism within the Christian Democracy turned out to be the biggest obstacles to the emergence of "Fanfanism", the

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The unprecedented concentration of power that he had achieved was also the main reason of his second government's decline. The outraged conservative opposition resulted in a progressive breakdown of the internal majority faction, "Democratic Initiative". In January 1959, a conspicuous group of

1632:. They formed a group known as the "little professors" who lived ascetically in monastery cells and walked barefoot. They formed the nucleus of Democratic Initiative, an intensely Catholic but economically reformist wing of the post-war Christian Democratic Party, holding meetings to discuss 2141:

to the age of 14 and introduced a single unified curriculum, lasting for a 3-year period after primary education. On 12 August 1962, Fanfani introduced a supplementary pension payment, equal to one-twelfth of the annual amount of pension minima, while also introducing child supplements for

2610:. This caused the immediate fall of the cabinet and the formation of a new government led again by Fanfani. Even though he was a close friend of Craxi, the socialist leader did not participate in the swearing in ceremony, sending the Undersecretary to the Presidency of the Council 2014:. However, he failed to leave a mark in domestic politics, despite his ambitious proposal of a 10-year plan for the development of public school, which was approved by the Parliament but not implemented. His economic policy was characterized by an increasing public spending. 4073: 1755:

magazine. Once, when someone proposed Fanfani for yet another ministry, De Gasperi refused. "If I keep on appointing Fanfani to various ministries," he said, "I am sure that one of these days I will open the door to my study and find Fanfani sitting at my desk."

2622:, that were excluded from the government, while the Christian Democrats abstained. Fanfani presented his resignation after only 11 days as head of government, causing the early dissolution of the houses. He would remain in office until 29 July 1987, when after 2372:, President Saragat gave Fanfani the task of forming a new center-left government, but his proposal to bring in the cabinet, all the parties' secretaries was not accepted, because was seen as an excessive way to strengthen the government, in contrast to the 4423: 1853:

but he was rarely able to exploit fully the opportunities that he created. As an anonymous Christian Democrat bigwig once remarked: "Fanfani has colleagues, associates, acquaintances and subordinates, but I have never heard much about his friends."

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In 1992, Fanfani was elected to the prestigious office of chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate and held the role until 1994. In January 1994, he supported the dissolution of the Christian Democracy, which had been overwhelmed by

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of Aldo Moro. In December 1965, he was forced to resign after the publication of an unauthorized interview, in which he harshly criticised the government and the United States. However, after only two months, he returned to the office in Moro's

1959:, Fanfani run as secretary of the Christian Democrats and main candidate to become the next prime minister. The electoral result was similar to the one of five years before. The Christian Democrats gained 42.4% of votes, nearly doubling 1804:

However, the cabinet lasted only 23 days when it failed to win approval in the Parliament, being rejected by the Chamber of Deputies with 260 votes in favor, 303 votes against and 12 abstentions out of 563 present. On 10 February 1954,

3102: 2429:; while most left-wing political forces, including PCI and PSI, supported the "no" faction. Fanfani thought that a "no" victory could have given him the control of in his own party again; in fact other key figures like Moro, Rumor, 1982:. However, a government between DC and PSI was probably too premature due to the strong opposition of DC's right-wing, so, on 2 July 1958, Fanfani was sworn in as new prime minister at the head of a coalition government with the 1691:, the undisputed leader of the party for the following decade. Fanfani represented a particular ideological position, that of conservative Catholics who favoured socio-economic interventionism, which was very influential in the 3420: 2172:, influenced Western politics in favor of reformism, as the best alternative to defeat communism. During his premiership, Fanfani built up a good relation with President Kennedy. The two leaders met the first time during 2103:, who served respectively as ministers of Defence, Budget Interior and Justice. The cabinet was externally supported by PSDI, PRI and PLI. With Fanfani as prime minister and Moro as secretary of the party, the so-called 2383:, Fanfani was proposed as Christian Democracy's candidate for the Presidency of the Republic. Once again the move failed, being weakened by the divisions within his own party and the candidacy of the socialist 2497:

In January 1978, Andreotti's government fell due to the withdrawal of support from the PCI, which wanted to be directly involved in the government, an hypothesis however rejected by the Christian Democracy.

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He then decided not to resign immediately as secretary of the DC, wanting to bring the party behind him, at least until a new congress. He started an active foreign policy, along the lines of the so-called

1813:. Since De Gasperi's retirement in 1953 Fanfani emerged as the most probable successor, a role confirmed by his appointment as party secretary in June 1954, a position that he would held until March 1959. 1378:, Fanfani achieved cabinet rank at a young age and occupied all the major offices of state over the course of a forty-year political career. In foreign policy, he was one of the most vocal supporters of 4516: 4694: 3942: 2444:

of 87.7%, thus allowing the divorce laws to remain in force. The soundly defeat in the divorce referendum forced his resignation as party secretary in July 1975. The new secretary of the party was

9731: 1651:", in which he proposed a bold interpretation of the phenomena of capitalism, with particular reference to the conditioning of the religious factors and fundamentally disagree with the thesis of 1963:'s Communist Party, which came second. However, the poor results of the other small centrist and secular parties meant the continuation of the same problems of political instability within the 4638: 2693:

Fanfani is still a controversial figure in Italian politics. Admirers emphasize his reformist agenda and his ambition to cooperate with socialists, laying the groundwork for the birth of the

2618:, composed only of DC ministers with some independent ministers, did not gain the confidence in the Chamber of Deputies, following a surreal vote: it gained the confidence from PSI, PSDI and 10035: 4434: 3164: 2265: 4336:

I Presidenti Leone e Pertini di fronte alla Costituzione e alla crisi del Governo Andreotti IV: fra sequestro Moro, apogeo della solidarietà nazionale ed evoluzione del ruolo presidenziale

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There is an unbridgeable gulf between the Catholic and the capitalist conception of life." Private economic initiative, in his view, was justifiable only if harnessed to the common good.

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In party's congress in October 1959, Moro was slightly confirmed secretary, after a thought battle with Fanfani, who was defeated thanks to the decisive vote of the right-wing faction of

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while he was working at the presidential palace; he only partially recovered and decided to resign. Fanfani tried to be elected president, running against DC's official candidate,

7879: 2708:, considering Fascism only as a "temporary aberration" of corporatism. He never tried to hide his fascist past, but unlike many Italians, he freely admitted that he was wrong. 4666: 4445: 3882: 3671: 3659: 6720: 9724: 4050: 3812: 2168:

and the urban reform remained uncompleted, due to a strong internal opposition within the DC. Moreover, the new international balance of power marked by the presidency of

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policy produced a significant mistrust of the Italian industrial class and the right-wing of the Christian Democracy; multinational potentates opposed the opening to the

7306: 2588:. The Christian Democrats in fact lost more than five percentage points from the previous election, while the PSI gained ground. On 4 August 1983, the socialist leader 10015: 9629: 9429: 1856:

In May 1955, Einaudi's term as president of the Italian Republic came to an end, and Parliament had to choose his successor. Fanfani was promoting for the office the

6434: 2945: 2905: 2865: 2825: 2782: 2549:, a member of the Republican Party, was appointed prime minister, becoming the first non-Christian Democrat to hold the office since the foundation of the republic. 2475:

composed only by Christian Democrats but with the abstention of the PCI. The cabinet, who was led by Andreotti, was nicknamed "Government of the non-no-confidence".

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The DC and the neo-fascist MSI intensely campaigned for a yes vote to abolish the law and make divorce illegal again. Their main themes were the safeguarding of the

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Christian Democrats started voting against their own government, forcing Fanfani to resign on 26 January 1959, after only six months in power. On 16 February 1959,

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succeeded Fanfani at the head of the government. De Mita accused Fanfani for the electoral defeat and did not candidate him as President of the Senate, preferring

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In February 1962, after the national congress of the Christian Democracy, Fanfani reorganised his cabinet and gained the benign abstention of the socialist leader

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still hold the record as the only statesmen to have served as prime minister of Italy in five non-consecutive periods of office. He was sometimes nicknamed

4411: 2726: 4707: 3432: 9169: 7872: 7406: 7386: 7361: 3103:"La politica mediterranea dell'Italia. Il governo italiano e la Democrazia Cristiana di fronte al mondo arabo negli anni del centro-sinistra (1963–1972)" 9669: 9264: 9259: 9239: 5911: 3953: 3513: 3906: 2349: 6713: 5696: 4928: 4309: 3977: 9890: 9768: 9639: 9364: 7888: 6459: 5476: 9159: 7299: 3694: 3113: 1829:

As secretary, he reorganized and rejuvenated the national party organization of the Christian Democrats, decreasing its strong dependence on the

4793: 3755: 2256:, secretary of the DC and leader of the more leftist wing of the party, became the new prime minister and ruled Italy for more than four years. 2252:; however in autumn, when the congress of the Socialist Party authorized a full engagement of the party into the government, Leone resigned and 10000: 9975: 7865: 4918: 3965: 1727: 1414: 828: 4598: 9995: 9970: 9945: 9269: 9234: 6427: 5581: 5556: 3824: 3727: 3565: 3525: 3352: 2387:, who received votes from PCI, PSI and some PSDI members. Fanfani retired after several unsuccessful ballots and, at the twenty-third round, 4191: 3840: 2391:, who was Fanfani's rival in the 1964 election, was finally elected with a centre-right majority. On 10 March 1972, Leone appointed Fanfani 9990: 9980: 9965: 9950: 9940: 9138: 6706: 4262: 3608: 4399: 9985: 9960: 9935: 9925: 9880: 306: 3766: 3217: 9905: 7292: 4297: 2452:

who was initially supported by Fanfani, but after his ideas of starting a cooperation with the Communist Party, Fanfani, Andreotti and

1548:. He was the author of a number of important works on economic history dealing with religion and the development of capitalism in the 10045: 9955: 9518: 4492: 2552:

In November 1982, Spadolini was forced to resign due to the so-called "godmothers' quarrel", a political conflict between ministers

6443: 6420: 5304: 5219: 5192: 2340: 3146: 9920: 9313: 6835: 1687:(DC), of which his friend Dossetti was serving as deputy secretary. He was as one of the youngest party leaders and a protégé of 7461: 7396: 6850: 6043: 6028: 3777: 2653:. However, tensions between Christian Democrats and Socialists continued growing and De Mita was forced to resign in July 1989. 1534: 1302: 9895: 5904: 3331: 1743: 1606:

of any position in the government, university or professions which many previously had. Fanfani also became a professor at the

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The Christian Democracy resulted even more polarized between Fanfani's leftist faction and the opposite one which urged for a

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and the national government which had typified the De Gasperi period. During his tenure, he built a close relation with

5664: 4457: 2600: 2380: 2285: 1983: 2642:, however the government fell in April 1988, after the PSI withdrew its support in opposition to the reopening of the 2403:

In June 1973 Fanfani was elected secretary of the Christian Democracy for a second term, replacing his former protégé

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On 26 September 1968, Fanfani lost his wife, Biancarosa, who died of cerebral venous thrombosis, at only 54-year-old.

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family. His father, Giuseppe Fanfani (1878–1943), was a carpenter's son who succeeded in studying and graduating in

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and established closer relations with the Arab world. In domestic policy, he was known for his cooperation with the

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succeeded in gaining the majority of votes. Fanfani's reckless action against Leone caused him even more enmities.

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On 22 April 1939, Fanfani married Biancarosa Provasoli, a 25-year-old lady who grew up in a bourgeois family from

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for the sake of what was called "national solidarity", despite its refusal to accept several previous requests.

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On 19 January 1963, the government proposed a bill that extended the insurance against occupational diseases to

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sworn in as new prime minister. Fanfani's first government was the shortest-lived cabinet in the history of the

10005: 6745: 6489: 5943: 5586: 2981: 2697:, of which he is widely considered one of the main founding fathers. Critics condemn his centralized and often 2336: 1773: was forced to resign, after a strong confrontation with many members of DC, regarding the appointment of 1012: 8123: 4891: 2503: 1726:

Under De Gasperi, Fanfani took on a succession of ministries. From June 1947 until January 1950, he served as

1386:, which brought to an alliance that radically changed the country, by such measures as the nationalization of 9511: 9199: 7238: 4527: 4039: 3031: 2975: 2935: 2895: 2855: 2815: 2776: 2771: 2694: 2623: 2581: 2332: 2241: 2216: 1956: 1938: 1716: 1704: 1095: 4539: 3308: 3124: 2463:, a widow and strong-willed woman engaged in multiple voluntary activities, nationally and internationally. 8864: 8383: 6940: 6559: 5733: 5542: 4285: 3250: 1979: 1922: 1749:"He can keep going for 36 hours on catnaps, apples and a few sips of water," according to a news report in 1708: 1663:

armed forces on 8 September 1943, the group disbanded. Until the Liberation in April 1945, Fanfani fled to

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pensioners. Moreover, on 5 March 1963, he introduced a voluntary pension insurance scheme for housewives.

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Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II Volume 4 edited by Peter Flora

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In his three years rule, thanks to the key support of the PSI, Fanfani approved the nationalization of

2063:(MSI). The MSI had been banned by any type of political power since its birth under the theory of the " 1464:("Purebred Horse"), thanks to his innate political ability; however, his detractors simply called him " 1422: 1021: 485: 25: 9015: 8260: 2184:. Some analysts reported that Kennedy considered Fanfani an example of Catholic reformism. During the 1998:", implementing a more autonomous foreign policy from the United States, presenting Italy as the main 9885: 9865: 9624: 9096: 7612: 7531: 7000: 6875: 6113: 3379: 2308:. During his ministry, he implemented a strong pro-European politics, advocating a strengthen of the 1892: 1438: 7857: 9559: 9504: 9349: 8987: 8534: 8176: 8053: 7781: 4424:

L'VIII Legislatura al capolinea: il Governo Fanfani V e la crisi dei partiti nei primi anni Ottanta

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reflected that Fanfani's commitment to public service inspired the values of the state broadcaster

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front, on 29 April 1955 Gronchi was elected President of the Republic with 658 votes out of 883.

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which dominated Italian politics. On 27 March 1970, Rumor was sworn in as prime minister again.

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sworn in as new prime minister. In March 1959, Fanfani resigned as party's secretary too, and

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was formed only by DC ministers, and included also members of the party's right-wing, like

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was appointed new prime minister. Tambroni, a right-wing conservative, received a decisive

1910: 1798: 1391: 1379: 574: 8411: 4504: 3930: 3444: 2572: 8: 9709: 8576: 8204: 7481: 7421: 7183: 6058: 5738: 5469: 3409:«Fondata sul lavoro»: l'articolo 1 e il compromesso alla base della Costituzione italiana 2680: 2553: 2440:

Despite Fanfani's activism, the "no" front was defeated by margin of 59.3% to 40.7% on a

2277: 2104: 2084: 2064: 2003: 1544: 1477: 1368: 1268: 1164: 8246: 4133: 3068: 2437:, who believed in the defeat at the referendum, kept a low profile during the campaign. 9818: 9649: 9554: 9539: 9444: 9229: 9147: 8039: 7997: 7786: 7776: 7248: 7228: 7168: 6975: 6780: 6698: 6652: 6647: 6612: 6504: 6347: 6287: 5958: 5859: 5836: 5728: 5674: 5649: 5565: 5454: 5270: 5246: 5212: 5202: 2643: 2615: 2546: 2445: 2134:

while strict price controls for building areas were introduced to prevent speculation.

2053: 1914: 1481: 1442: 942: 463: 418: 130: 8520: 4803: 3992:"Technicians, technical government and non-partisan ministers. The Italian experience" 9838: 9783: 9758: 9659: 9594: 9574: 9544: 9454: 9389: 9374: 9339: 9082: 8945: 8699: 8506: 8425: 8011: 7983: 7846: 7841: 7731: 7671: 7636: 7586: 7541: 7521: 7506: 7496: 7486: 7476: 7451: 7446: 7436: 7426: 7416: 7411: 7213: 7038: 7023: 6990: 6930: 6870: 6840: 6830: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6800: 6760: 6642: 6632: 6627: 6587: 6529: 6524: 6499: 6494: 6367: 6357: 6332: 6277: 6222: 6182: 6158: 6123: 6098: 6083: 6073: 6063: 6033: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5871: 5830: 5775: 5654: 5634: 5496: 5410: 5314: 5297: 5073: 4861: 4816: 4751: 4625: 4223: 3541: 3049: 2593: 2468: 2434: 2407:, who was now a supporter of centrist policies. As such, he led the campaign for the 2317: 2284:. However, neither Fanfani nor Leone succeeded in being elected, in fact, during the 2049: 1960: 1786: 1774: 1688: 1625: 1595: 1530: 1457: 1375: 965: 851: 799: 609: 395: 383: 189: 73: 7284: 5935: 1974:

policy; Fanfani relaunched his reformist agenda, advocating for a dialogue with the

1655:. This work brought him to the forefront among US Catholics. After the surrender of 1359:

for five separate terms. He was one of the best-known Italian politicians after the

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During his secretariat, he built good relations both with United States President

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dodging military service, and organized university courses for Italian refugees.

1629: 930: 863: 687: 508: 3135: 9679: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9464: 9419: 9414: 9404: 9394: 9334: 9244: 9189: 9164: 9068: 8713: 8643: 8601: 7916: 7836: 7816: 7811: 7771: 7766: 7706: 7556: 7516: 7511: 7501: 7401: 7351: 7273: 7178: 7158: 7068: 7058: 7043: 6965: 6945: 6920: 6855: 6657: 6549: 6464: 6412: 6402: 6392: 6352: 6322: 6307: 6252: 6242: 6232: 6187: 6093: 6088: 6078: 5988: 5848: 5825: 5813: 5629: 5624: 5513: 5378: 5341: 5260: 5239: 5090: 5063: 5046: 4992: 4955: 2627: 2611: 2565: 2489: 2449: 2430: 2422: 2388: 2312:(EEC). Moreover, he was a vocal opponent of US bombing on civilians during the 2281: 2249: 2092: 2011: 1999: 1926: 1872: 1864: 1770: 1739: 1529:(AC), of which he became a local leader after a few years. After attending the 1513: 1446: 1434: 1037: 562: 520: 353: 341: 287: 201: 118: 97: 9634: 9434: 8931: 2192:, it was Fanfani who proposed the withdrawal of medium-range US missiles from 1943: 9859: 9798: 9778: 9579: 9459: 9369: 9322: 9249: 8766: 8752: 8685: 8615: 8492: 8299: 8109: 7831: 7711: 7696: 7676: 7591: 7546: 7466: 7431: 7381: 7268: 7203: 7188: 7138: 7073: 6985: 6860: 6677: 6667: 6662: 6592: 6577: 6484: 6337: 6297: 6262: 6247: 6217: 6202: 6148: 6128: 6108: 6048: 5865: 5796: 5786: 5614: 5604: 5324: 5287: 5100: 5036: 4938: 4671: 4603: 4215: 2698: 2649:

Ciriaco De Mita became the new prime minister and Fanfani held the office of

2589: 2561: 2539: 2441: 2365: 2357: 2273: 2230: 2100: 2019: 1849: 1834: 1789:

composed only by members of the Christian Democracy. He chose, among others,

1782: 1644: 811: 275: 232: 167: 142: 85: 9496: 9116: 4702: 2675: 2026:

became the new leader. After few weeks, he founded a new faction, known as "

9664: 9589: 9569: 9474: 9399: 9354: 9224: 9194: 8903: 8850: 8822: 8794: 8629: 8562: 8548: 8397: 8369: 8274: 8095: 7756: 7686: 7666: 7651: 7641: 7118: 7033: 7028: 6935: 6397: 6382: 6377: 6362: 6342: 6197: 5889: 5368: 5009: 4965: 4853: 2557: 2507: 2204: 2127: 2096: 2034: 2007: 1806: 1603: 1489: 586: 299: 9291: 7930: 2264: 1621:. The couple had two sons and five daughters, born between 1940 and 1955. 1533:

of Arezzo, he graduated in political and economic sciences in 1930 at the

1522:; Fanfani's siblings were similarly named with eclectic or unusual names. 8478: 7944: 7796: 7551: 7243: 6955: 6372: 6133: 4847: 3919:

Scrutini per l'elezione di Giuseppe Saragat a presidente della Repubblica

2705: 2659: 2313: 2181: 2119: 2072: 2057: 1896: 1664: 1640: 1633: 1592: 1549: 4181:

Divorzio, 40 anni fa la "retorica" di Fanfani per fare abrogare la legge

3841:

Il feeling di JFK con Fanfani. 'Gli piaceva, ma non in modo incredibile'

1821: 1675: 37: 8959: 8657: 8313: 8162: 7581: 6207: 5019: 2373: 1868: 1857: 1794: 1648: 1508:. Fanfani, who was the first of nine children, grew up in an observant 1395: 1348: 1315: 1297: 244: 5534: 4732:

Composizione della Commissione permanente Affari esteri ed emigrazione

3597: 1556:

in Europe. His thesis was published in Italian and then in English as

9793: 8878: 8808: 8780: 7887: 7726: 7721: 7133: 7123: 7103: 7093: 6267: 6237: 5427: 5152: 5131: 4643: 3169: 2721: 2701:

political style, which was probably the main reason for his decline.

2419: 2253: 2222: 2023: 1995: 1652: 1505: 1320: 977: 675: 663: 4563:

Il senso del "governo neutrale" in un sistema istituzionale bloccato

2510:(BR). The dramatic situation which followed brought PCI to vote for 1879:, organized an internal coup in order to get the Christian Democrat 1579:

He also wrote for the official magazine of racism in Fascist Italy,

5521: 3193:

Mondo democristiano, mondo cattolico nel secondo Novecento italiano

2713: 2535: 2316:. Fanfani also continued implementing his pro-Arab policies in the 1971: 1903: 1509: 1352: 9699: 9484: 9279: 7619: 7006: 4888: 4812:

The Puzzle of Strikes: Class and State Strategies in Postwar Italy

4192:

Il "no" che cambiò l'Italia: la storia del referendum sul divorzio

1902: (MSI). After a bitter battle and the final crumbling of the 4170:

Referendum divorzio, 45 anni fa il No all'abrogazione della legge

2412: 2177: 2146: 2137:

On 31 December 1962, the Parliament approved a law that extended

2067:", which stated that any government or party which had voted the 1932: 1883:

elected instead. The move received the surprising support of the

1769:

On 12 January 1954, after only 5 months in power, Prime Minister

1485: 1168: 6175: 4551:

Quando Bettino disertò il passaggio di consegne mandandoci Amato

2467:

July 1976, Moro reached an agreement with the Communist leader,

2208:

Amintore Fanfani during a Christian Democracy rally in the late

1978:(PSI), which had stopped its ties with the communists after the 3167:[An indomitable horse of the type Christian Democrat]. 2987: 2193: 1501: 1497: 1058: 3989: 3863:

Fanfani a ruota libera: "Kennedy e Roosevelt li ho ispirati io

2456:, tried to forced Zaccagnini to resignation, but they failed. 1793:, another protégé of De Gasperi, as Minister of the Interior, 7628: 7015: 6569: 6168: 4323:, Italian Chamber of Deputies, ed. M.L. Righi, 2001, p. 183. 3554:

Il nuovo ministero Scelba ha prestato giuramento al Quirinale

2321: 2209: 1696: 1692: 1656: 1618: 1611: 1538: 1196: 1192: 4517:

Quirinale: 1985, ecco il "sardomuto" Cossiga, il picconatore

4263:

Elezione del Presidente del Senato della Repubblica del 1976

4051:

Fanfani: dalla Costituente all'ONU, una vita per la politica

4794:

Estendere l'azione contro il regime autoritario di Fanfani.

2687: 2226: 2199: 2157: 1465: 1387: 1188: 10036:

Academic staff of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore

9739: 4400:

ll divorzio tra Tesoro e Bankitalia e la lite delle comari

2569:

its support to the government, calling for new elections.

2196:, which than resulted in a peaceful ending of the crisis. 2164:

taxation. Only the implementation of the ordinary statute

1367:. He is also considered one of the founders of the modern 2737: 2234: 1838: 1759: 1493: 10026:

Permanent Representatives of Italy to the United Nations

6728: 5704: 2324:. From 1965 to 1966, he also served as President of the 1429:

for three terms between 1968 and 1987. He was appointed

5503: 3943:

Quirinale: 1964, via crucis per Leone, ce la fa Saragat

2606:

In April 1987, De Mita decided to drop his support for

2531: 2259: 1816: 4667:"Misuriamoci sui problemi tutti insieme in Parlamento" 4146:

Scheda di attività di Amintore Fanfani – V Legislatura

3503:

Cattolico e risorgimentale, Pella e il caso di Trieste

2560:

about the separation between Ministry of Treasury and

2328:, becoming the only Italian to have held this office. 1683:

Upon his return to Italy, he joined the newly founded

7314: 3125:"Ebbe tutte le cariche, gli sfuggì solo il Quirinale" 2584:

resulted in a big loss for DC and its new secretary,

1347:; 6 February 1908 – 20 November 1999) was an Italian 4385:"Comunicato concernente la formazione del Governo". 4310:

Berlinguer, teoria e tecnica del compromesso storico

4298:

Head of Small-Italian Party Is Asked to Form Cabinet

3421:

Elezioni del 1948, Collegio di Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto

3298:

Amintore Fanfani – Dizionario Bibliografico Treccani

1363:

and a historical figure of the left-wing faction of

2614:, to protest against De Mita's decision. Fanfani's 2459:On 3 August 1975, Fanfani married his second wife, 1433:in 1972. Six years later, after the resignation of 4482:Francesco Cossiga – Dizionario biografico Treccani 3114:"Il primo governo di centrosinistra: Fanfani 1962" 1734:, and from July 1953 to January 1954 he served as 1591:). In 1938, he was among the 330 that signed the 10016:Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly 7889:Presidents of the United Nations General Assembly 1967:that had characterised the previous legislature. 9857: 6442: 4743: 4122:Corsa al Quirinale: l'elezione di Giovanni Leone 3852:Fanfani a colloquio con Kennedy alla Casa Bianca 3790:III Legislatura: 12 giugno 1958 - 15 maggio 1963 3556:, in "La Nuova Stampa", 11 February 1954, page 1 2646:nuclear power plant, decided by the government. 1785:as new head of the government. Fanfani formed a 1504:; while his mother Annita Leo (1884–1968) was a 4540:Craxi e De Mita, quando la staffetta era guerra 4275:1976: nasce il governo di solidarietà nazionale 2521: 2221:Despite a good approval in public opinion, his 4389:(in Italian). 7 July 1981. pp. 4318–4319. 3990:Luca Verzichelli; Maurizio Cotta (July 2012). 3695:Amintore Fanfani e la politica estera italiana 3288:, Quotidiano della Basilicata, 6 February 2008 3165:"Un indomabile cavallo di razza democristiano" 3041: 2078: 1933:General election in 1958 and second government 1525:In 1920, at only 12 years old, Fanfani joined 9725: 9526: 9512: 9307: 9146: 9132: 7873: 7300: 6714: 6428: 5905: 5882:Acting heads of state are denoted by italics. 5690: 5550: 3348: 3346: 3245: 3243: 3241: 3239: 2740:, which matured during his political career. 2663:corruption scandal, and the formation of the 2518:Moro's family to participate to the funeral. 1394:, and the introduction of a more progressive 9931:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy 5919: 4771:È morto Fanfani. Fu padre del centrosinistra 4737: 4239:Benigno Zaccagnini nel futuro della politica 3706:Il Fanfani II: un governo breve, ma intenso! 3392: 3390: 3388: 3045:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture 2320:, and tried to build a closer relation with 1730:; while from July 1951 to July 1953, he was 1624:During the years he spent in Milan, he knew 1437:, he provisionally assumed the functions of 10031:Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore alumni 9321: 4040:La politica araba dell'Italia democristiana 2398: 2343:and remained in office until 26 June 1973. 267:19 January 1954 – 10 February 1954 9732: 9718: 9519: 9505: 9314: 9300: 9139: 9125: 7880: 7866: 7307: 7293: 6721: 6707: 6435: 6421: 5912: 5898: 5697: 5683: 5557: 5543: 4844:Catholicism, Protestantism, and Capitalism 4639:"De Mita: ecco i piani per il mio governo" 4321:Discorsi parlamentari di Enrico Berlinguer 4098:Una crisi improvvida nella vita di Fanfani 3818: 3767:VII Congresso – Firenze, Teatro La Pergola 3721: 3575: 3559: 3519: 3343: 3325: 3309:Amintore Fanfani: quaresime e resurrezioni 3236: 3162: 3080: 2716:, and one by one he lost all his offices. 2679:A portrait of Fanfani as President of the 2638:In Goria's cabinet, Fanfani was appointed 2506:by the left wing terrorist group known as 2478: 2180:, and in 1963, Fanfani was invited at the 1986:(PSDI), and a case-by-case support of the 1921:in August 1956. The brutal suppression of 1841:. They remained key allies until Mattei's 1781:. Fanfani was then appointed by President 1602:) – culminating in laws that stripped the 1543:Economic Repercussions and Effects of the 36: 9901:Italian People's Party (1994) politicians 4286:Il governo della "non sfiducia", nel 1976 3649:Amintore Fanfani e la crisi del comunismo 3614: 3385: 3269: 2075:program supported by the PSI abstention. 1670: 1558:Catholicism, Capitalism and Protestantism 1456:Fanfani and the long-time liberal leader 1027:10 March 1972 – 20 November 1999 4030:, in "Stampa Sera", 23 July 1964, page 1 4028:Giuramento a Segni dei ventisei ministri 3477: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3163:Ceccarelli, Filippo (21 November 1999). 2674: 2651:Minister of Budget and Economic Planning 2633: 2571: 2525: 2488: 2348: 2263: 2203: 2200:General election in 1963 and resignation 2109: 1942: 1820: 1674: 1576:constitutions with Fascist principles." 1516:, who composed the socialist anthem the 1423:Minister of Budget and Economic Planning 700:5 March 1965 – 30 December 1965 653:24 February 1966 – 25 June 1968 361:President of the Senate of the Republic 110:1 December 1982 – 4 August 1983 16:Italian politician statesman (1908–1999) 9891:Christian Democracy (Italy) politicians 5564: 1303:Catholic University of the Sacred Heart 1258: 1939; died 1968) 1108:25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948 955:16 July 1954 – 31 January 1959 741:2 July 1958 – 16 February 1959 599:16 July 1953 – 19 January 1954 214:2 July 1958 – 16 February 1959 9858: 4575:I Governi privi della fiducia iniziale 4074:Elezioni del 1968 – Collegio di Arezzo 3873:Giovagnoli - Tosi, 2010, pages 477–480 1760:Leader of the party and prime minister 1744:Istituto Nazionale delle Assicurazioni 1441:as chairman of the upper house of the 841:1 June 1947 – 27 January 1950 408:5 July 1976 – 1 December 1982 10001:Senators of Legislature XIII of Italy 9976:Senators of Legislature VIII of Italy 9713: 9500: 9295: 9120: 7861: 7288: 6702: 6416: 5893: 5678: 5538: 5525: 3598:Il neo-atlantismo di Fanfani e Mattei 3462: 3158: 3156: 2295:In March 1965, Fanfani was appointed 1342: 552:29 July 1987 – 13 April 1988 498:13 April 1988 – 23 July 1989 65:18 April 1987 – 29 July 1987 9996:Senators of Legislature XII of Italy 9971:Senators of Legislature VII of Italy 9946:Deputies of Legislature III of Italy 6730:Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs 5706:Heads of state of Italy (since 1861) 5526: 5477:President of the UN General Assembly 4875:, Soveria Manelli, Rubbettino, 2005. 4373:Aldo Moro: l'ultimo viaggio nel buio 4346: 4251:E' morta a 97 anni Maria Pia Fanfani 4220:Elections in Europe: A data handbook 2759: 2743: 2690:on 20 November 1999, at the age 91. 2260:Minister and president of the Senate 2246:President of the Chamber of Deputies 1848:However, his activist and sometimes 1817:Secretary of the Christian Democracy 920:17 June 1973 – 25 July 1975 908:Secretary of the Christian Democracy 789:26 July 1951 – 16 July 1953 373:9 July 1985 – 17 April 1987 155:27 July 1960 – 22 June 1963 9991:Senators of Legislature XI of Italy 9981:Senators of Legislature IX of Italy 9966:Senators of Legislature VI of Italy 9951:Deputies of Legislature IV of Italy 9941:Deputies of Legislature II of Italy 4470:La biografia del Presidente Cossiga 3966:Guarda chi c'è in casa del ministro 3148:Gli uomini che fecero la Repubblica 2670: 2626:, a new government was formed with 2174:1956 Democratic National Convention 1764: 1050:5 June 1968 – 9 March 1972 441:5 June 1968 – 26 June 1973 319:15 June 1978 – 9 July 1978 13: 9986:Senators of Legislature X of Italy 9961:Senators of Legislature V of Italy 9936:Deputies of Legislature I of Italy 9926:Ministers of the interior of Italy 9881:People from the Province of Arezzo 9483: 9278: 6174: 5934: 4826: 4528:Biografia di un "cavallo di razza" 4209: 4110:Composizione del Governo Rumor III 4062:Il politico che divorava il potere 3672:Ungheria, la rottura tra PCI e PSI 3153: 2006:, trying to avoid the increase of 1984:Italian Democratic Socialist Party 14: 10062: 9906:Candidates for President of Italy 7316:Italian Ministers of the Interior 4879: 4806:, Encyclopedia of World Biography 4599:"Goria, un addio da protagonista" 4505:L'elezione del Presidente Cossiga 3931:L'elezione del Presidente Saragat 2493:Fanfani and Moro during the 1970s 2364:In March 1970, after the fall of 1917:, culminated to a state visit to 1647:in the historical development of 1230:1.63 m (5 ft 4 in) 1079:8 May 1948 – 4 June 1968 10046:Burials at the Cimitero Flaminio 9956:Presidents of the Italian Senate 9698: 9101: 9087: 9073: 9059: 9034: 9020: 9006: 8992: 8978: 8964: 8950: 8936: 8922: 8908: 8883: 8869: 8855: 8841: 8827: 8813: 8799: 8785: 8771: 8757: 8732: 8718: 8704: 8690: 8676: 8662: 8648: 8634: 8620: 8606: 8581: 8567: 8553: 8539: 8525: 8511: 8497: 8483: 8469: 8455: 8430: 8416: 8402: 8388: 8374: 8360: 8346: 8332: 8318: 8304: 8279: 8265: 8251: 8237: 8223: 8209: 8195: 8181: 8167: 8153: 8128: 8114: 8100: 8086: 8072: 8058: 8044: 8030: 8016: 8002: 7988: 7963: 7949: 7935: 7921: 7907: 7618: 7611: 7005: 6999: 5754: 5747: 5663: 5445:Secretary of Christian Democracy 5418:Secretary of Christian Democracy 4787: 4776: 4764: 4750:. Alpha Test. pp. 177–178. 4725: 4687: 4659: 4631: 4619: 4591: 4579: 4568: 4556: 4544: 4533: 4521: 4510: 4498: 4486: 4475: 4463: 4451: 4439: 4428: 4417: 4405: 4393: 4378: 4158:Legge n. 898 del 1 dicembre 1970 4086:I Presidenti del Senato dal 1948 3756:Si sfalda la corrente fanfaniana 3609:Fanfani, una leadership spuntata 3399:, The Guardian, 22 November 1999 3218:""Amintore Fanfani" – Biografie" 3002: 2960: 2920: 2880: 2840: 2799: 2530:Amintore Fanfani with the other 2461:Maria Pia Vecchi (née Tavazzani) 2229:countries led by Fanfani's ally 2010:'s sphere of influence over the 1925:, saw him coordinating a strong 1863:, who was then President of the 1512:family. Fanfani was named after 5305:President of the Italian Senate 5220:President of the Italian Senate 5193:President of the Italian Senate 4435:Il Governo Fanfani si è dimesso 4366: 4340: 4329: 4314: 4303: 4291: 4279: 4268: 4256: 4244: 4232: 4197: 4185: 4174: 4163: 4151: 4139: 4134:L'elezione del Presidente Leone 4127: 4115: 4103: 4091: 4079: 4067: 4055: 4044: 4033: 4020: 3983: 3971: 3959: 3947: 3936: 3924: 3912: 3900: 3888: 3876: 3867: 3856: 3845: 3834: 3806: 3794: 3783: 3771: 3760: 3749: 3737: 3717:1958 – 1963, II governo Fanfani 3710: 3699: 3688: 3676: 3665: 3653: 3642: 3630: 3602: 3591: 3547: 3535: 3507: 3496: 3484: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3402: 3373: 3362: 3313: 3302: 3291: 3210: 3198: 3185: 2991: 2949: 2909: 2869: 2829: 2787: 2326:United Nations General Assembly 2288:, the social-democratic leader 1738:in the caretaker government of 1723:, with more than 35,000 votes. 1427:President of the Italian Senate 1277: 1255: 9921:Agriculture ministers of Italy 5587:Presidential standard of Italy 4815:, Cambridge University Press, 4586:Composizione del Governo Goria 4458:Craxi, storia di un riformista 3140: 3136:"Amintore Fanfani" – Biografia 3129: 3118: 3107: 3096: 3062: 3035: 3025: 2704:He had always believed in the 2411:on repealing the law allowing 1825:Fanfani during a rally in 1954 1: 9896:European integration pioneers 4873:La Dc da De Gasperi a Fanfani 4706:. 20 May 1989. Archived from 3018: 2217:1963 Italian general election 2153:) for a maximum of 180 days. 1939:1958 Italian general election 1496:, starting the profession of 1471: 6444:Presidents of Italian Senate 2522:Last terms as prime minister 1344:[aˈmintorefaɱˈfaːni] 7: 5166:Minister of Foreign Affairs 5143:Minister of Foreign Affairs 5108:Minister of Foreign Affairs 5054:Minister of Foreign Affairs 4889:Fondazione Amintore Fanfani 4747:Storia d'Italia (1861–2001) 4349:"Il Memoriale di Aldo Moro" 4218:& Philip Stöver (2010) 3369:Quaderni Svizzeri 1943–1945 3279:Fanfani il "modernizzatore" 3251:"Italy: Moving to the Left" 2310:European Economic Community 2297:Minister of Foreign Affairs 2079:Third and fourth government 1929:propaganda in the country. 1797:as Minister of Finance and 1721:Italian Chamber of Deputies 1608:School of Fascist Mysticism 1411:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1401:Fanfani served in numerous 641:Minister of Foreign Affairs 10: 10067: 10051:Acting presidents of Italy 9916:Foreign ministers of Italy 4809:Franzosi, Roberto (1995). 4387:Gazzetta Ufficiale, n. 184 3813:Il centrosinistra – Storia 3048:. Routledge. p. 302. 2601:1985 presidential election 2482: 2381:1971 presidential election 2286:1964 presidential election 2272:In August 1964, President 2214: 1947:Fanfani, as member of the 1936: 1374:Beginning as a protégé of 9754: 9696: 9535: 9481: 9330: 9276: 9155: 9047: 8896: 8745: 8594: 8443: 8292: 8141: 7976: 7895: 7627: 7608: 7322: 7014: 6997: 6736: 6568: 6450: 6167: 5927: 5880: 5763: 5745: 5712: 5661: 5595: 5572: 5532: 5510: 5501: 5493: 5483: 5474: 5466: 5461: 5451: 5442: 5434: 5424: 5415: 5407: 5402: 5392: 5383: 5375: 5365: 5356: 5348: 5338: 5329: 5321: 5311: 5302: 5294: 5284: 5275: 5267: 5257: 5244: 5236: 5226: 5217: 5209: 5199: 5190: 5182: 5172: 5163: 5149: 5140: 5128: 5118: 5105: 5097: 5087: 5078: 5070: 5060: 5051: 5043: 5033: 5024: 5016: 5006: 4997: 4989: 4979: 4970: 4962: 4952: 4943: 4935: 4925: 4916: 4908: 4903: 4839:, Milan, Mondadori, 1956. 4837:De Gasperi e il suo tempo 4744:Giuseppe Vottari (2004). 3637:Gli Stati Uniti e Fanfani 3397:Obituary Amintore Fanfani 2765: 2762: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2107:period officially began. 1923:1956 Hungarian Revolution 1893:Monarchist National Party 1639:In Milan, Fanfani wrote " 1468:" due to his small size. 1439:President of the Republic 1329: 1308: 1296: 1288: 1234: 1226: 1202: 1178: 1151: 1146: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1112: 1101: 1093: 1083: 1072: 1064: 1054: 1043: 1031: 1018: 1010: 1006: 999: 995: 991: 987: 971: 959: 948: 936: 924: 913: 906: 902: 895: 891: 887: 883: 869: 857: 845: 834: 827: 817: 805: 793: 782: 775: 765: 755: 745: 734: 724: 714: 704: 693: 681: 669: 657: 646: 639: 627: 617: 603: 592: 580: 568: 556: 545: 538: 526: 514: 502: 491: 484: 480: 473: 469: 457: 445: 434: 424: 412: 401: 389: 377: 366: 359: 347: 335: 323: 312: 307:Acting President of Italy 305: 293: 281: 271: 260: 250: 238: 228: 218: 207: 195: 183: 173: 159: 148: 136: 124: 114: 103: 91: 79: 69: 58: 51: 47: 35: 23: 10011:Politicians from Tuscany 9911:Prime ministers of Italy 5921:Prime Ministers of Italy 5403:Party political offices 5359:Minister of the Interior 4973:Minister of the Interior 4894:18 February 2012 at the 4448:, Ministero dell'Interno 4076:, Ministero dell'Interno 3885:, Ministero dell'Interno 3662:, Ministero dell'Interno 3423:, Ministero dell'Interno 3284:18 February 2012 at the 3205:"Lo spirito del welfare" 2640:Minister of the Interior 2576:Amintore Fanfani in 1983 2399:Second term as secretary 2268:Fanfani during the 1970s 1988:Italian Republican Party 1801:as Minister of Defence. 1736:Minister of the Interior 1719:, he was elected to the 1711:for the constituency of 1707:, he was elected to the 1445:, until the election of 1407:Minister of the Interior 897:Party political offices 540:Minister of the Interior 10041:Italian Roman Catholics 10021:Italian anti-communists 5332:Prime Minister of Italy 5278:Prime Minister of Italy 5081:Prime Minister of Italy 5027:Prime Minister of Italy 5000:Prime Minister of Italy 4946:Minister of Agriculture 3332:"Illness in the Family" 3042:Gino Moliterno (2002). 2504:Aldo Moro was kidnapped 2485:Kidnapping of Aldo Moro 2479:Kidnapping of Aldo Moro 2355:United States President 2341:President of the Senate 2061:Italian Social Movement 1976:Italian Socialist Party 1913:and Secretary of State 1900:Italian Social Movement 1891:(PSI), and also of the 1889:Italian Socialist Party 1885:Italian Communist Party 1779:Minister of Agriculture 1732:Minister of Agriculture 1581:The Defence of the Race 1419:Minister of Agriculture 1384:Italian Socialist Party 1357:prime minister of Italy 777:Minister of Agriculture 53:Prime Minister of Italy 9488: 9283: 8082:Prince Wan Waithayakon 6941:Tommasi della Torretta 6179: 5939: 5582:List by time in office 5386:Minister of the Budget 4860:, Bari, Dedalo, 2002, 4695:"De Mita si è dimesso" 3445:VII Governo De Gasperi 3353:"The Little Professor" 2982:Senate of the Republic 2683: 2665:Italian People's Party 2577: 2542: 2494: 2361: 2337:Senate of the Republic 2335:, Fanfani ran for the 2269: 2212: 2123: 2030:" ("New Chronicles"). 1952: 1826: 1680: 1671:Early political career 1569:National Fascist Party 1340:Italian pronunciation: 1219:Italian People's Party 1207:National Fascist Party 1013:Senate of the Republic 1001:Parliamentary offices 486:Minister of the Budget 10006:Italian life senators 9487: 9282: 6560:Tomasi Della Torretta 6490:Fardella di Torrearsa 6178: 5938: 5504:Chairperson of the G7 5396:Paolo Cirino Pomicino 5186:Ennio Zelioli-Lanzini 4194:, Corriere della Sera 4100:, Corriere della Sera 3582:"Out for the Big Win" 3411:, Corriere della Sera 3088:The Puzzle of Strikes 3074:Enciclopedia Treccani 2946:Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto 2906:Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto 2866:Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto 2826:Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto 2783:Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto 2678: 2634:After the premiership 2582:1983 general election 2575: 2529: 2492: 2352: 2333:1968 general election 2267: 2242:1963 general election 2207: 2113: 2046:Italian Liberal Party 1957:1958 general election 1946: 1871:of the party, led by 1824: 1717:1948 general election 1713:Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto 1678: 1600:Manifesto della razza 1589:La difesa della razza 1571:(PNF) supporting the 1403:ministerial positions 1355:, who served as 32nd 1117:Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto 1088:Siena–Arezzo–Grosseto 533:Paolo Cirino Pomicino 452:Ennio Zelioli-Lanzini 9774:Paolo Emilio Taviani 5855:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 5843:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 5645:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 5640:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 5487:Abdul Rahman Pazhwak 5352:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 4493:La caduta di Fanfani 4160:, Gazzetta Ufficiale 3639:, Università di Roma 3621:"Danger on the Left" 3433:Governo De Gasperi V 3224:on 27 September 2013 2777:Constituent Assembly 2385:Francesco De Martino 2186:Cuban Missile Crisis 2139:compulsory education 2069:Italian Constitution 1980:Hungarian Revolution 1911:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1799:Paolo Emilio Taviani 1787:one-party government 1709:Constituent Assembly 1563:Under the regime of 1476:Fanfani was born in 1425:. He served also as 1392:compulsory education 1380:European integration 1245:Biancarosa Provasoli 1096:Constituent Assembly 575:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 475:Ministerial offices 9747:Christian Democracy 7239:Terzi di Sant'Agata 6653:Scognamiglio Pasini 6470:Alfieri di Sostegno 5734:Victor Emmanuel III 5566:Presidents of Italy 5470:Alex Quaison-Sackey 4347:Moro, Aldo (1978). 3801:Governo Fanfani III 3778:Il governo Tambroni 2941:Chamber of Deputies 2901:Chamber of Deputies 2861:Chamber of Deputies 2821:Chamber of Deputies 2719:In an obituary for 2712:Italian version of 2681:UN General Assembly 2554:Beniamino Andreatta 2512:Andreotti's cabinet 2278:cerebral hemorrhage 2276:suffered a serious 2105:Organic Centre-left 2065:Constitutional Arch 2004:Mediterranean Basin 1949:Chamber of Deputies 1685:Christian Democracy 1535:Catholic University 1478:Pieve Santo Stefano 1390:, the extension of 1369:Italian centre-left 1365:Christian Democracy 1269:Maria Pia Tavazzani 1213:Christian Democracy 1165:Pieve Santo Stefano 1067:Chamber of Deputies 9819:Benigno Zaccagnini 9742:Secretaries of the 9489: 9284: 9148:Fanfani VI Cabinet 6851:Starabba di Rudinì 6180: 5940: 5860:Giorgio Napolitano 5837:Giovanni Spadolini 5724:Victor Emmanuel II 5650:Giorgio Napolitano 5455:Benigno Zaccagnini 5271:Giovanni Spadolini 5247:President of Italy 5213:Giovanni Spagnolli 5203:Giovanni Spagnolli 4919:Minister of Labour 4904:Political offices 4850:: IHS Press, 2003. 4842:Amintore Fanfani, 3831:, 12 January 1962. 3683:Governo Fanfani II 3566:"Young Initiative" 3532:, 8 February 1954. 3359:, 25 January 1954. 3069:"Amintore Fanfani" 2727:Filippo Ceccarelli 2695:modern centre-left 2684: 2644:Montalto di Castro 2624:a general election 2608:Craxi's government 2578: 2547:Giovanni Spadolini 2543: 2495: 2446:Benigno Zaccagnini 2362: 2270: 2213: 2124: 2054:vote of confidence 1965:centrist coalition 1953: 1915:John Foster Dulles 1827: 1728:Minister of Labour 1681: 1541:, with the thesis 1482:province of Arezzo 1443:Italian Parliament 1415:Minister of Labour 943:Benigno Zaccagnini 829:Minister of Labour 464:Giovanni Spagnolli 419:Giovanni Spagnolli 131:Giovanni Spadolini 9853: 9852: 9847: 9846: 9839:Mino Martinazzoli 9784:Alcide De Gasperi 9759:Alcide De Gasperi 9707: 9706: 9494: 9493: 9289: 9288: 9114: 9113: 7855: 7854: 7282: 7281: 6696: 6695: 6410: 6409: 5887: 5886: 5872:Sergio Mattarella 5831:Francesco Cossiga 5776:Alcide De Gasperi 5672: 5671: 5655:Sergio Mattarella 5635:Francesco Cossiga 5520: 5519: 5511:Succeeded by 5497:Yasuhiro Nakasone 5484:Succeeded by 5462:Diplomatic posts 5452:Succeeded by 5425:Succeeded by 5411:Alcide De Gasperi 5393:Succeeded by 5366:Succeeded by 5339:Succeeded by 5315:Giovanni Malagodi 5312:Succeeded by 5298:Francesco Cossiga 5285:Succeeded by 5258:Succeeded by 5227:Succeeded by 5200:Succeeded by 5173:Succeeded by 5150:Succeeded by 5119:Succeeded by 5088:Succeeded by 5074:Fernando Tambroni 5061:Succeeded by 5034:Succeeded by 5007:Succeeded by 4980:Succeeded by 4953:Succeeded by 4926:Succeeded by 4858:Il segno della DC 4821:978-0-521-45287-8 4783:Il centrosinistra 4757:978-88-483-0562-4 4713:on 5 October 2016 4446:Elezioni del 1983 4412:Governo Fanfani V 4228:978-3-8329-5609-7 4008:on 4 January 2014 3883:Elezioni del 1963 3660:Elezioni del 1958 3542:I Governo Fanfani 3514:Governo Fanfani I 3380:Alcide De Gasperi 3340:, 18 January 1954 3320:L'addio a Fanfani 3055:978-1-134-75876-0 3016: 3015: 2744:Electoral history 2594:Francesco Cossiga 2534:leaders in 1983, 2469:Enrico Berlinguer 2450:Christian leftist 2435:Francesco Cossiga 2353:Fanfani with the 2318:Mediterranean Sea 2301:second government 2050:Fernando Tambroni 1961:Palmiro Togliatti 1845:in October 1962. 1775:Salvatore Aldisio 1689:Alcide De Gasperi 1626:Giuseppe Dossetti 1596:Manifesto of Race 1531:scientific lyceum 1458:Giovanni Giolitti 1376:Alcide De Gasperi 1333: 1332: 1122: 1121: 983: 982: 966:Alcide De Gasperi 879: 878: 852:Alcide De Gasperi 800:Alcide De Gasperi 610:Alcide De Gasperi 396:Giovanni Malagodi 384:Francesco Cossiga 190:Fernando Tambroni 74:Francesco Cossiga 10058: 9886:Italian fascists 9866:Amintore Fanfani 9824:Flaminio Piccoli 9814:Amintore Fanfani 9804:Flaminio Piccoli 9789:Amintore Fanfani 9764:Attilio Piccioni 9748: 9743: 9734: 9727: 9720: 9711: 9710: 9702: 9521: 9514: 9507: 9498: 9497: 9316: 9309: 9302: 9293: 9292: 9141: 9134: 9127: 9118: 9117: 9106: 9105: 9104: 9092: 9091: 9090: 9078: 9077: 9076: 9064: 9063: 9062: 9039: 9038: 9037: 9025: 9024: 9023: 9011: 9010: 9009: 8997: 8996: 8995: 8983: 8982: 8981: 8969: 8968: 8967: 8955: 8954: 8953: 8941: 8940: 8939: 8927: 8926: 8925: 8913: 8912: 8911: 8888: 8887: 8886: 8874: 8873: 8872: 8860: 8859: 8858: 8846: 8845: 8844: 8832: 8831: 8830: 8818: 8817: 8816: 8804: 8803: 8802: 8790: 8789: 8788: 8776: 8775: 8774: 8762: 8761: 8760: 8737: 8736: 8735: 8723: 8722: 8721: 8709: 8708: 8707: 8695: 8694: 8693: 8681: 8680: 8679: 8667: 8666: 8665: 8653: 8652: 8651: 8639: 8638: 8637: 8625: 8624: 8623: 8611: 8610: 8609: 8586: 8585: 8584: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8558: 8557: 8556: 8544: 8543: 8542: 8530: 8529: 8528: 8516: 8515: 8514: 8502: 8501: 8500: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8474: 8473: 8472: 8460: 8459: 8458: 8435: 8434: 8433: 8421: 8420: 8419: 8407: 8406: 8405: 8393: 8392: 8391: 8379: 8378: 8377: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8351: 8350: 8349: 8337: 8336: 8335: 8323: 8322: 8321: 8309: 8308: 8307: 8284: 8283: 8282: 8270: 8269: 8268: 8256: 8255: 8254: 8242: 8241: 8240: 8228: 8227: 8226: 8214: 8213: 8212: 8200: 8199: 8198: 8186: 8185: 8184: 8172: 8171: 8170: 8158: 8157: 8156: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8119: 8118: 8117: 8105: 8104: 8103: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8077: 8076: 8075: 8063: 8062: 8061: 8049: 8048: 8047: 8035: 8034: 8033: 8021: 8020: 8019: 8007: 8006: 8005: 7993: 7992: 7991: 7968: 7967: 7966: 7954: 7953: 7952: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7926: 7925: 7924: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7882: 7875: 7868: 7859: 7858: 7629:Italian Republic 7622: 7616: 7615: 7324:Kingdom of Italy 7309: 7302: 7295: 7286: 7285: 7264:Moavero Milanesi 7016:Italian Republic 7009: 7003: 6916:Paternò Castello 6896:Paternò Castello 6881:Visconti-Venosta 6791:Visconti-Venosta 6776:Visconti-Venosta 6766:Visconti-Venosta 6738:Kingdom of Italy 6723: 6716: 6709: 6700: 6699: 6570:Italian Republic 6452:Kingdom of Italy 6437: 6430: 6423: 6414: 6413: 6169:Italian Republic 5929:Kingdom of Italy 5914: 5907: 5900: 5891: 5890: 5820:Amintore Fanfani 5809:Giuseppe Saragat 5803:Cesare Merzagora 5792:Giovanni Gronchi 5782:Enrico De Nicola 5765:Italian Republic 5758: 5751: 5714:Kingdom of Italy 5699: 5692: 5685: 5676: 5675: 5667: 5620:Giuseppe Saragat 5610:Giovanni Gronchi 5600:Enrico De Nicola 5559: 5552: 5545: 5536: 5535: 5527:Amintore Fanfani 5523: 5522: 5494:Preceded by 5481:1965–1966 5467:Preceded by 5449:1973–1975 5435:Preceded by 5422:1954–1959 5408:Preceded by 5390:1988–1989 5376:Preceded by 5363:1987–1988 5349:Preceded by 5322:Preceded by 5309:1985–1987 5295:Preceded by 5282:1982–1983 5268:Preceded by 5252: 5237:Preceded by 5224:1976–1982 5210:Preceded by 5197:1968–1973 5183:Preceded by 5170:1966–1968 5158: 5137: 5129:Preceded by 5122:Attilio Piccioni 5113: 5098:Preceded by 5085:1960–1963 5071:Preceded by 5058:1958–1959 5044:Preceded by 5031:1958–1959 5017:Preceded by 4990:Preceded by 4983:Giulio Andreotti 4977:1953–1954 4963:Preceded by 4950:1951–1953 4936:Preceded by 4923:1947–1950 4909:Preceded by 4901: 4900: 4887: 4833:Giulio Andreotti 4804:Amintore Fanfani 4796: 4791: 4785: 4780: 4774: 4768: 4762: 4761: 4741: 4735: 4729: 4723: 4722: 4720: 4718: 4712: 4699: 4691: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4680: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4654: 4652: 4635: 4629: 4623: 4617: 4616: 4614: 4612: 4595: 4589: 4583: 4577: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4554: 4548: 4542: 4537: 4531: 4525: 4519: 4514: 4508: 4502: 4496: 4490: 4484: 4479: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4437: 4432: 4426: 4421: 4415: 4409: 4403: 4402:, Il Sole 24 Ore 4397: 4391: 4390: 4382: 4376: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4353: 4344: 4338: 4333: 4327: 4326: 4318: 4312: 4307: 4301: 4300:, New York Times 4295: 4289: 4283: 4277: 4272: 4266: 4260: 4254: 4248: 4242: 4236: 4230: 4213: 4207: 4204:Amintore Fanfani 4201: 4195: 4189: 4183: 4178: 4172: 4167: 4161: 4155: 4149: 4143: 4137: 4131: 4125: 4119: 4113: 4107: 4101: 4095: 4089: 4083: 4077: 4071: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4048: 4042: 4037: 4031: 4026:Fausto De Luca, 4024: 4018: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4007: 4001:. Archived from 3996: 3987: 3981: 3978:Governo Moro III 3975: 3969: 3963: 3957: 3951: 3945: 3940: 3934: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3910: 3904: 3898: 3892: 3886: 3880: 3874: 3871: 3865: 3860: 3854: 3849: 3843: 3838: 3832: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3787: 3781: 3775: 3769: 3764: 3758: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3728:"Italy's Fanfan" 3725: 3719: 3714: 3708: 3703: 3697: 3692: 3686: 3680: 3674: 3669: 3663: 3657: 3651: 3646: 3640: 3634: 3628: 3618: 3612: 3611:, Il Sole 24 Ore 3606: 3600: 3595: 3589: 3579: 3573: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3545: 3539: 3533: 3523: 3517: 3511: 3505: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3479: 3460: 3454: 3448: 3442: 3436: 3430: 3424: 3418: 3412: 3406: 3400: 3394: 3383: 3382:, britannica.com 3377: 3371: 3366: 3360: 3350: 3341: 3329: 3323: 3317: 3311: 3306: 3300: 3295: 3289: 3277: 3273: 3267: 3266: 3264: 3262: 3247: 3234: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3220:. Archived from 3214: 3208: 3202: 3196: 3189: 3183: 3182: 3180: 3178: 3160: 3151: 3144: 3138: 3133: 3127: 3122: 3116: 3111: 3105: 3100: 3094: 3084: 3078: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3039: 3033: 3029: 3009: 3006: 3005: 2984: 2967: 2964: 2963: 2927: 2924: 2923: 2887: 2884: 2883: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2810: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2785: 2748: 2747: 2735: 2686:Fanfani died in 2671:Death and legacy 2616:sixth government 2454:Flaminio Piccoli 2393:Senator for life 2290:Giuseppe Saragat 2089:Giulio Andreotti 2085:third government 2039:Giulio Andreotti 1881:Giovanni Gronchi 1877:Giulio Andreotti 1861:Cesare Merzagora 1811:Italian Republic 1791:Giulio Andreotti 1765:First government 1567:, he joined the 1565:Benito Mussolini 1462:Cavallo di Razza 1431:senator for life 1361:Second World War 1346: 1341: 1336:Amintore Fanfani 1281: 1279: 1259: 1257: 1185: 1182:20 November 1999 1173:Kingdom of Italy 1161: 1159: 1147:Personal details 1106: 1077: 1048: 1034: 1025: 997: 996: 974: 962: 953: 939: 927: 918: 893: 892: 872: 860: 848: 839: 820: 808: 796: 787: 768: 758: 748: 739: 727: 717: 707: 698: 684: 672: 660: 651: 634:Giulio Andreotti 630: 620: 606: 597: 583: 571: 559: 550: 529: 517: 505: 496: 471: 470: 460: 448: 439: 427: 415: 406: 392: 380: 371: 350: 338: 330:Giulio Andreotti 326: 317: 296: 284: 265: 253: 241: 223:Giovanni Gronchi 212: 198: 186: 178:Attilio Piccioni 164:Giovanni Gronchi 153: 139: 127: 108: 94: 82: 63: 40: 30:Amintore Fanfani 26:Senator for life 21: 20: 10066: 10065: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10057: 10056: 10055: 9856: 9855: 9854: 9849: 9848: 9843: 9834:Arnaldo Forlani 9829:Ciriaco De Mita 9809:Arnaldo Forlani 9750: 9746: 9741: 9738: 9708: 9703: 9694: 9565:Cirino Pomicino 9531: 9528:De Mita Cabinet 9525: 9495: 9490: 9479: 9326: 9320: 9290: 9285: 9274: 9151: 9145: 9115: 9110: 9102: 9100: 9088: 9086: 9074: 9072: 9060: 9058: 9043: 9035: 9033: 9021: 9019: 9007: 9005: 8993: 8991: 8979: 8977: 8965: 8963: 8951: 8949: 8937: 8935: 8923: 8921: 8909: 8907: 8892: 8884: 8882: 8870: 8868: 8856: 8854: 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5759: 5753: 5752: 5743: 5716: 5708: 5703: 5673: 5668: 5659: 5591: 5568: 5563: 5528: 5516: 5507: 5499: 5489: 5480: 5472: 5457: 5448: 5440: 5438:Arnaldo Forlani 5430: 5421: 5413: 5398: 5389: 5381: 5371: 5362: 5354: 5344: 5335: 5327: 5317: 5308: 5300: 5290: 5281: 5273: 5263: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5242: 5232: 5230:Tommaso Morlino 5223: 5215: 5205: 5196: 5188: 5178: 5176:Giuseppe Medici 5169: 5159: 5156: 5155: 5146: 5138: 5135: 5134: 5124: 5115: 5111: 5110: 5103: 5093: 5084: 5076: 5066: 5057: 5049: 5039: 5030: 5022: 5012: 5003: 4995: 4985: 4976: 4968: 4958: 4949: 4941: 4931: 4929:Achille Marazza 4922: 4914: 4912:Giuseppe Romita 4896:Wayback Machine 4885: 4882: 4829: 4827:Further reading 4800: 4799: 4792: 4788: 4781: 4777: 4773:, la Repubblica 4769: 4765: 4758: 4742: 4738: 4730: 4726: 4716: 4714: 4710: 4697: 4693: 4692: 4688: 4678: 4676: 4675:. 22 April 1988 4665: 4664: 4660: 4650: 4648: 4647:. 14 April 1988 4637: 4636: 4632: 4626:Governo De Mita 4624: 4620: 4610: 4608: 4607:. 12 March 1988 4597: 4596: 4592: 4584: 4580: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4538: 4534: 4530:, la Repubblica 4526: 4522: 4515: 4511: 4503: 4499: 4495:, la Repubblica 4491: 4487: 4480: 4476: 4468: 4464: 4456: 4452: 4444: 4440: 4433: 4429: 4422: 4418: 4410: 4406: 4398: 4394: 4384: 4383: 4379: 4375:, la Repubblica 4371: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4351: 4345: 4341: 4334: 4330: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4308: 4304: 4296: 4292: 4284: 4280: 4273: 4269: 4261: 4257: 4253:, la Repubblica 4249: 4245: 4237: 4233: 4214: 4210: 4202: 4198: 4190: 4186: 4179: 4175: 4168: 4164: 4156: 4152: 4144: 4140: 4132: 4128: 4120: 4116: 4108: 4104: 4096: 4092: 4084: 4080: 4072: 4068: 4064:, la Repubblica 4060: 4056: 4049: 4045: 4038: 4034: 4025: 4021: 4011: 4009: 4005: 3994: 3988: 3984: 3976: 3972: 3968:, la Repubblica 3964: 3960: 3954:Governo Moro II 3952: 3948: 3941: 3937: 3929: 3925: 3917: 3913: 3905: 3901: 3895:I Governo Leone 3893: 3889: 3881: 3877: 3872: 3868: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3846: 3839: 3835: 3823: 3819: 3811: 3807: 3799: 3795: 3788: 3784: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3761: 3754: 3750: 3744:Governo Segni I 3742: 3738: 3734:, 16 June 1961. 3726: 3722: 3715: 3711: 3704: 3700: 3693: 3689: 3681: 3677: 3670: 3666: 3658: 3654: 3647: 3643: 3635: 3631: 3619: 3615: 3607: 3603: 3596: 3592: 3580: 3576: 3572:, 12 July 1954. 3564: 3560: 3552: 3548: 3540: 3536: 3524: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3497: 3489: 3485: 3480: 3463: 3455: 3451: 3443: 3439: 3431: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3403: 3395: 3386: 3378: 3374: 3367: 3363: 3351: 3344: 3330: 3326: 3322:, la Repubblica 3318: 3314: 3307: 3303: 3296: 3292: 3286:Wayback Machine 3275: 3274: 3270: 3260: 3258: 3249: 3248: 3237: 3227: 3225: 3216: 3215: 3211: 3203: 3199: 3190: 3186: 3176: 3174: 3161: 3154: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3130: 3123: 3119: 3112: 3108: 3101: 3097: 3085: 3081: 3067: 3063: 3056: 3040: 3036: 3030: 3026: 3021: 3007: 3003: 2980: 2965: 2961: 2925: 2921: 2885: 2881: 2845: 2841: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2781: 2746: 2729: 2706:corporate state 2673: 2636: 2586:Ciriaco De Mita 2524: 2487: 2481: 2427:Roman Catechism 2405:Arnaldo Forlani 2401: 2262: 2219: 2202: 2190:Ettore Bernabei 2188:, according to 2170:John F. Kennedy 2116:John F. Kennedy 2081: 1941: 1935: 1919:Washington D.C. 1831:Catholic Church 1819: 1767: 1762: 1679:Fanfani in 1948 1673: 1630:Giorgio La Pira 1527:Catholic Action 1474: 1339: 1325: 1284: 1283: 1280: 1975) 1275: 1271: 1261: 1253: 1249: 1246: 1221: 1217: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1203:Political party 1187: 1183: 1163: 1162:6 February 1908 1157: 1155: 1107: 1102: 1078: 1073: 1049: 1044: 1032: 1026: 1019: 1002: 972: 960: 954: 949: 937: 931:Arnaldo Forlani 925: 919: 914: 898: 875:Achille Marazza 870: 864:Giuseppe Romita 858: 846: 840: 835: 818: 806: 794: 788: 783: 766: 756: 746: 740: 735: 725: 715: 705: 699: 694: 688:Giuseppe Medici 682: 670: 658: 652: 647: 628: 618: 612: 604: 598: 593: 581: 569: 557: 551: 546: 527: 515: 509:Ciriaco De Mita 503: 497: 492: 476: 458: 446: 440: 435: 430:Tommaso Morlino 425: 413: 407: 402: 390: 378: 372: 367: 348: 336: 324: 318: 313: 294: 282: 266: 261: 251: 239: 213: 208: 196: 184: 166: 154: 149: 137: 125: 109: 104: 92: 80: 64: 59: 43: 42:Fanfani in 1965 31: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10064: 10054: 10053: 10048: 10043: 10038: 10033: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10013: 10008: 10003: 9998: 9993: 9988: 9983: 9978: 9973: 9968: 9963: 9958: 9953: 9948: 9943: 9938: 9933: 9928: 9923: 9918: 9913: 9908: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9851: 9850: 9845: 9844: 9842: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9769:Giuseppe Cappi 9766: 9761: 9755: 9752: 9751: 9737: 9736: 9729: 9722: 9714: 9705: 9704: 9697: 9695: 9693: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9667: 9662: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9627: 9622: 9617: 9612: 9607: 9602: 9597: 9592: 9587: 9582: 9577: 9572: 9567: 9562: 9557: 9555:Vito Lattanzio 9552: 9547: 9542: 9536: 9533: 9532: 9524: 9523: 9516: 9509: 9501: 9492: 9491: 9482: 9480: 9478: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9447: 9442: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9392: 9387: 9382: 9377: 9372: 9367: 9362: 9357: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9331: 9328: 9327: 9319: 9318: 9311: 9304: 9296: 9287: 9286: 9277: 9275: 9273: 9272: 9267: 9262: 9257: 9252: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9156: 9153: 9152: 9144: 9143: 9136: 9129: 9121: 9112: 9111: 9109: 9108: 9094: 9080: 9066: 9051: 9049: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9041: 9030:Muhammad-Bande 9027: 9013: 8999: 8985: 8971: 8957: 8943: 8929: 8915: 8900: 8898: 8894: 8893: 8891: 8890: 8876: 8862: 8848: 8834: 8820: 8806: 8792: 8778: 8764: 8749: 8747: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8739: 8725: 8711: 8697: 8683: 8669: 8655: 8641: 8627: 8613: 8598: 8596: 8592: 8591: 8589: 8588: 8574: 8560: 8546: 8532: 8518: 8504: 8490: 8476: 8462: 8447: 8445: 8441: 8440: 8438: 8437: 8423: 8409: 8395: 8381: 8367: 8353: 8339: 8325: 8311: 8296: 8294: 8290: 8289: 8287: 8286: 8272: 8258: 8244: 8230: 8216: 8205:Quaison-Sackey 8202: 8188: 8174: 8160: 8145: 8143: 8139: 8138: 8136: 8135: 8121: 8107: 8093: 8079: 8065: 8051: 8037: 8023: 8009: 7995: 7980: 7978: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7970: 7956: 7942: 7928: 7914: 7899: 7897: 7893: 7892: 7885: 7884: 7877: 7870: 7862: 7853: 7852: 7850: 7849: 7844: 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7814: 7809: 7804: 7799: 7794: 7789: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7734: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7679: 7674: 7669: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7649: 7644: 7639: 7633: 7631: 7625: 7624: 7609: 7607: 7605: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7544: 7539: 7534: 7529: 7524: 7519: 7514: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7328: 7326: 7320: 7319: 7312: 7311: 7304: 7297: 7289: 7280: 7279: 7277: 7276: 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7246: 7241: 7236: 7231: 7226: 7221: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7091: 7086: 7081: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7012: 7011: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6742: 6740: 6734: 6733: 6726: 6725: 6718: 6711: 6703: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6615: 6610: 6605: 6600: 6595: 6590: 6585: 6580: 6574: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6555:Thaon di Revel 6552: 6547: 6542: 6537: 6532: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6456: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6440: 6439: 6432: 6425: 6417: 6408: 6407: 6405: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6355: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6335: 6330: 6325: 6320: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6280: 6275: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6185: 6173: 6171: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6146: 6141: 6136: 6131: 6126: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6036: 6031: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6011: 6006: 6001: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5933: 5931: 5925: 5924: 5917: 5916: 5909: 5902: 5894: 5885: 5884: 5881: 5878: 5877: 5875: 5874: 5869: 5862: 5857: 5852: 5849:Nicola Mancino 5845: 5840: 5833: 5828: 5826:Sandro Pertini 5823: 5816: 5814:Giovanni Leone 5811: 5806: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5771: 5769: 5768:(1946–present) 5761: 5760: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5720: 5718: 5710: 5709: 5702: 5701: 5694: 5687: 5679: 5670: 5669: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5657: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5630:Sandro Pertini 5627: 5625:Giovanni Leone 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 5596: 5593: 5592: 5590: 5589: 5584: 5579: 5573: 5570: 5569: 5562: 5561: 5554: 5547: 5539: 5533: 5530: 5529: 5518: 5517: 5514:Brian Mulroney 5512: 5509: 5500: 5495: 5491: 5490: 5485: 5482: 5473: 5468: 5464: 5463: 5459: 5458: 5453: 5450: 5441: 5436: 5432: 5431: 5426: 5423: 5414: 5409: 5405: 5404: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5391: 5382: 5379:Emilio Colombo 5377: 5373: 5372: 5367: 5364: 5355: 5350: 5346: 5345: 5342:Giovanni Goria 5340: 5337: 5328: 5323: 5319: 5318: 5313: 5310: 5301: 5296: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5283: 5274: 5269: 5265: 5264: 5261:Sandro Pertini 5259: 5256: 5243: 5240:Giovanni Leone 5238: 5234: 5233: 5228: 5225: 5216: 5211: 5207: 5206: 5201: 5198: 5189: 5184: 5180: 5179: 5174: 5171: 5161: 5160: 5151: 5148: 5139: 5130: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5117: 5104: 5099: 5095: 5094: 5091:Giovanni Leone 5089: 5086: 5077: 5072: 5068: 5067: 5064:Giuseppe Pella 5062: 5059: 5050: 5047:Giuseppe Pella 5045: 5041: 5040: 5035: 5032: 5023: 5018: 5014: 5013: 5008: 5005: 4996: 4993:Giuseppe Pella 4991: 4987: 4986: 4981: 4978: 4969: 4964: 4960: 4959: 4956:Rocco Salomone 4954: 4951: 4942: 4937: 4933: 4932: 4927: 4924: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4905: 4899: 4898: 4881: 4880:External links 4878: 4877: 4876: 4871:Luciano Radi, 4869: 4851: 4840: 4828: 4825: 4824: 4823: 4807: 4798: 4797: 4786: 4775: 4763: 4756: 4736: 4724: 4686: 4658: 4630: 4618: 4590: 4578: 4567: 4555: 4543: 4532: 4520: 4509: 4507:, quirinale.it 4497: 4485: 4474: 4462: 4450: 4438: 4427: 4416: 4404: 4392: 4377: 4365: 4339: 4328: 4313: 4302: 4290: 4278: 4267: 4255: 4243: 4241:, Romano Prodi 4231: 4208: 4196: 4184: 4173: 4162: 4150: 4138: 4136:, quirinale.it 4126: 4114: 4102: 4090: 4078: 4066: 4054: 4043: 4032: 4019: 3982: 3970: 3958: 3946: 3935: 3933:, quirinale.it 3923: 3911: 3907:I Governo Moro 3899: 3887: 3875: 3866: 3855: 3844: 3833: 3817: 3805: 3793: 3782: 3780:, raiscuola.it 3770: 3759: 3748: 3736: 3720: 3709: 3698: 3687: 3675: 3664: 3652: 3641: 3629: 3613: 3601: 3590: 3588:, 26 May 1958. 3574: 3558: 3546: 3534: 3526:"Roman Circus" 3518: 3506: 3495: 3483: 3461: 3449: 3437: 3425: 3413: 3401: 3384: 3372: 3361: 3342: 3324: 3312: 3301: 3290: 3268: 3257:. 14 July 1958 3235: 3209: 3207:, Andrea Bassi 3197: 3184: 3152: 3139: 3128: 3117: 3106: 3095: 3079: 3061: 3054: 3034: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3017: 3014: 3013: 3000: 2997: 2992: 2990: 2985: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2958: 2955: 2950: 2948: 2943: 2938: 2932: 2931: 2918: 2915: 2910: 2908: 2903: 2898: 2892: 2891: 2878: 2875: 2870: 2868: 2863: 2858: 2852: 2851: 2838: 2835: 2830: 2828: 2823: 2818: 2812: 2811: 2796: 2793: 2788: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2768: 2767: 2764: 2761: 2758: 2755: 2752: 2745: 2742: 2672: 2669: 2635: 2632: 2628:Giovanni Goria 2612:Giuliano Amato 2566:Sandro Pertini 2545:In June 1981, 2523: 2520: 2483:Main article: 2480: 2477: 2431:Emilio Colombo 2425:model and the 2423:nuclear family 2400: 2397: 2389:Giovanni Leone 2370:second cabinet 2282:Giovanni Leone 2261: 2258: 2250:Giovanni Leone 2215:Main article: 2201: 2198: 2093:Giuseppe Pella 2080: 2077: 2028:Nuove Cronache 2012:Arab countries 2000:regional power 1937:Main article: 1934: 1931: 1927:anti-communist 1895:(PNM) and the 1873:Giuseppe Pella 1867:. However the 1818: 1815: 1771:Giuseppe Pella 1766: 1763: 1761: 1758: 1740:Giuseppe Pella 1672: 1669: 1545:English Schism 1514:Amintore Galli 1473: 1470: 1447:Sandro Pertini 1435:Giovanni Leone 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1324: 1323: 1318: 1312: 1310: 1306: 1305: 1300: 1294: 1293: 1290: 1286: 1285: 1273: 1267: 1266: 1265: 1264: 1251: 1247: 1244: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1236: 1232: 1231: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1204: 1200: 1199: 1186:(aged 91) 1180: 1176: 1175: 1153: 1149: 1148: 1144: 1143: 1140: 1139: 1136: 1135: 1132: 1131: 1128: 1127: 1124: 1123: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1110: 1109: 1099: 1098: 1094:Member of the 1091: 1090: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1070: 1069: 1065:Member of the 1062: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1051: 1041: 1040: 1038:Giovanni Leone 1035: 1029: 1028: 1016: 1015: 1011:Member of the 1008: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1000: 993: 992: 989: 988: 985: 984: 981: 980: 975: 969: 968: 963: 957: 956: 946: 945: 940: 934: 933: 928: 922: 921: 911: 910: 904: 903: 900: 899: 896: 889: 888: 885: 884: 881: 880: 877: 876: 873: 867: 866: 861: 855: 854: 849: 847:Prime Minister 843: 842: 832: 831: 825: 824: 823:Rocco Salomone 821: 815: 814: 809: 803: 802: 797: 795:Prime Minister 791: 790: 780: 779: 773: 772: 771:Giuseppe Pella 769: 763: 762: 761:Giuseppe Pella 759: 753: 752: 749: 747:Prime Minister 743: 742: 732: 731: 728: 722: 721: 718: 712: 711: 708: 706:Prime Minister 702: 701: 691: 690: 685: 679: 678: 673: 667: 666: 661: 659:Prime Minister 655: 654: 644: 643: 637: 636: 631: 625: 624: 621: 615: 614: 613:Giuseppe Pella 607: 605:Prime Minister 601: 600: 590: 589: 584: 578: 577: 572: 566: 565: 563:Giovanni Goria 560: 558:Prime Minister 554: 553: 543: 542: 536: 535: 530: 524: 523: 521:Emilio Colombo 518: 512: 511: 506: 504:Prime Minister 500: 499: 489: 488: 482: 481: 478: 477: 474: 467: 466: 461: 455: 454: 449: 443: 442: 432: 431: 428: 422: 421: 416: 410: 409: 399: 398: 393: 387: 386: 381: 375: 374: 364: 363: 357: 356: 354:Sandro Pertini 351: 345: 344: 342:Giovanni Leone 339: 333: 332: 327: 325:Prime Minister 321: 320: 310: 309: 303: 302: 297: 291: 290: 288:Giuseppe Pella 285: 279: 278: 273: 269: 268: 258: 257: 254: 248: 247: 242: 236: 235: 230: 226: 225: 220: 216: 215: 205: 204: 202:Giovanni Leone 199: 193: 192: 187: 181: 180: 175: 171: 170: 161: 157: 156: 146: 145: 140: 134: 133: 128: 122: 121: 119:Sandro Pertini 116: 112: 111: 101: 100: 98:Giovanni Goria 95: 89: 88: 83: 77: 76: 71: 67: 66: 56: 55: 49: 48: 45: 44: 41: 33: 32: 29: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10063: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10042: 10039: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10017: 10014: 10012: 10009: 10007: 10004: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9994: 9992: 9989: 9987: 9984: 9982: 9979: 9977: 9974: 9972: 9969: 9967: 9964: 9962: 9959: 9957: 9954: 9952: 9949: 9947: 9944: 9942: 9939: 9937: 9934: 9932: 9929: 9927: 9924: 9922: 9919: 9917: 9914: 9912: 9909: 9907: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9869: 9867: 9864: 9863: 9861: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9799:Mariano Rumor 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9779:Guido Gonella 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9753: 9749: 9744: 9735: 9730: 9728: 9723: 9721: 9716: 9715: 9712: 9701: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9666: 9663: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9631: 9628: 9626: 9623: 9621: 9618: 9616: 9613: 9611: 9608: 9606: 9603: 9601: 9598: 9596: 9593: 9591: 9588: 9586: 9583: 9581: 9578: 9576: 9573: 9571: 9568: 9566: 9563: 9561: 9558: 9556: 9553: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9537: 9534: 9529: 9522: 9517: 9515: 9510: 9508: 9503: 9502: 9499: 9486: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9446: 9443: 9441: 9438: 9436: 9433: 9431: 9428: 9426: 9423: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9391: 9388: 9386: 9383: 9381: 9378: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9332: 9329: 9324: 9323:Goria Cabinet 9317: 9312: 9310: 9305: 9303: 9298: 9297: 9294: 9281: 9271: 9268: 9266: 9263: 9261: 9258: 9256: 9253: 9251: 9248: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9157: 9154: 9149: 9142: 9137: 9135: 9130: 9128: 9123: 9122: 9119: 9098: 9095: 9084: 9081: 9070: 9067: 9056: 9053: 9052: 9050: 9046: 9031: 9028: 9017: 9014: 9003: 9000: 8989: 8986: 8975: 8972: 8961: 8958: 8947: 8944: 8933: 8930: 8919: 8916: 8905: 8902: 8901: 8899: 8895: 8880: 8877: 8866: 8863: 8852: 8849: 8838: 8835: 8824: 8821: 8810: 8807: 8796: 8793: 8782: 8779: 8768: 8765: 8754: 8751: 8750: 8748: 8744: 8729: 8726: 8715: 8712: 8701: 8698: 8687: 8684: 8673: 8670: 8659: 8656: 8645: 8642: 8631: 8628: 8617: 8614: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8597: 8593: 8578: 8575: 8564: 8561: 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6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6359: 6356: 6354: 6351: 6349: 6346: 6344: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6331: 6329: 6326: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6314: 6311: 6309: 6306: 6304: 6301: 6299: 6296: 6294: 6291: 6289: 6286: 6284: 6281: 6279: 6276: 6274: 6271: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6177: 6172: 6170: 6166: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6147: 6145: 6142: 6140: 6137: 6135: 6132: 6130: 6127: 6125: 6122: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6032: 6030: 6027: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5942: 5941: 5937: 5932: 5930: 5926: 5922: 5915: 5910: 5908: 5903: 5901: 5896: 5895: 5892: 5879: 5873: 5870: 5868: 5867: 5866:Pietro Grasso 5863: 5861: 5858: 5856: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5821: 5817: 5815: 5812: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5804: 5800: 5798: 5797:Antonio Segni 5795: 5793: 5790: 5788: 5787:Luigi Einaudi 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5757: 5750: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5721: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5700: 5695: 5693: 5688: 5686: 5681: 5680: 5677: 5666: 5656: 5653: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5615:Antonio Segni 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5605:Luigi Einaudi 5603: 5601: 5598: 5597: 5594: 5588: 5585: 5583: 5580: 5578: 5575: 5574: 5571: 5567: 5560: 5555: 5553: 5548: 5546: 5541: 5540: 5537: 5531: 5524: 5515: 5506: 5505: 5498: 5492: 5488: 5479: 5478: 5471: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5447: 5446: 5439: 5433: 5429: 5420: 5419: 5412: 5406: 5401: 5397: 5388: 5387: 5380: 5374: 5370: 5361: 5360: 5353: 5347: 5343: 5334: 5333: 5326: 5325:Bettino Craxi 5320: 5316: 5307: 5306: 5299: 5293: 5289: 5288:Bettino Craxi 5280: 5279: 5272: 5266: 5262: 5253: 5248: 5241: 5235: 5231: 5222: 5221: 5214: 5208: 5204: 5195: 5194: 5187: 5181: 5177: 5168: 5167: 5162: 5154: 5145: 5144: 5133: 5127: 5123: 5114: 5109: 5102: 5101:Antonio Segni 5096: 5092: 5083: 5082: 5075: 5069: 5065: 5056: 5055: 5048: 5042: 5038: 5037:Antonio Segni 5029: 5028: 5021: 5015: 5011: 5002: 5001: 4994: 4988: 4984: 4975: 4974: 4967: 4961: 4957: 4948: 4947: 4940: 4939:Antonio Segni 4934: 4930: 4921: 4920: 4913: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4893: 4890: 4884: 4883: 4874: 4870: 4867: 4866:88-220-6253-1 4863: 4859: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4845: 4841: 4838: 4834: 4831: 4830: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4813: 4808: 4805: 4802: 4801: 4795: 4790: 4784: 4779: 4772: 4767: 4759: 4753: 4749: 4748: 4740: 4733: 4728: 4709: 4705: 4704: 4696: 4690: 4674: 4673: 4672:La Repubblica 4668: 4662: 4646: 4645: 4640: 4634: 4627: 4622: 4606: 4605: 4604:La Repubblica 4600: 4594: 4587: 4582: 4576: 4571: 4564: 4559: 4552: 4547: 4541: 4536: 4529: 4524: 4518: 4513: 4506: 4501: 4494: 4489: 4483: 4478: 4472:, quirinal.it 4471: 4466: 4459: 4454: 4447: 4442: 4436: 4431: 4425: 4420: 4413: 4408: 4401: 4396: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4369: 4350: 4343: 4337: 4332: 4322: 4317: 4311: 4306: 4299: 4294: 4287: 4282: 4276: 4271: 4264: 4259: 4252: 4247: 4240: 4235: 4229: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4216:Dieter Nohlen 4212: 4205: 4200: 4193: 4188: 4182: 4177: 4171: 4166: 4159: 4154: 4147: 4142: 4135: 4130: 4123: 4118: 4111: 4106: 4099: 4094: 4087: 4082: 4075: 4070: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4047: 4041: 4036: 4029: 4023: 4004: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3979: 3974: 3967: 3962: 3955: 3950: 3944: 3939: 3932: 3927: 3920: 3915: 3908: 3903: 3896: 3891: 3884: 3879: 3870: 3864: 3859: 3853: 3848: 3842: 3837: 3830: 3826: 3825:"A Sinistra?" 3821: 3815:, Rai Cultura 3814: 3809: 3802: 3797: 3791: 3786: 3779: 3774: 3768: 3763: 3757: 3752: 3745: 3740: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3718: 3713: 3707: 3702: 3696: 3691: 3684: 3679: 3673: 3668: 3661: 3656: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3633: 3627:, 9 May 1955. 3626: 3622: 3617: 3610: 3605: 3599: 3594: 3587: 3583: 3578: 3571: 3567: 3562: 3555: 3550: 3543: 3538: 3531: 3527: 3522: 3515: 3510: 3504: 3499: 3492: 3491:Governo Pella 3487: 3478: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3458: 3457:Governo Pella 3453: 3446: 3441: 3434: 3429: 3422: 3417: 3410: 3405: 3398: 3393: 3391: 3389: 3381: 3376: 3370: 3365: 3358: 3354: 3349: 3347: 3339: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3321: 3316: 3310: 3305: 3299: 3294: 3287: 3283: 3280: 3272: 3256: 3252: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3240: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3206: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3188: 3172: 3171: 3166: 3159: 3157: 3150: 3149: 3143: 3137: 3132: 3126: 3121: 3115: 3110: 3104: 3099: 3093: 3089: 3083: 3076: 3075: 3070: 3065: 3057: 3051: 3047: 3046: 3038: 3032: 3028: 3024: 3012: 3001: 2998: 2996: 2993: 2989: 2986: 2983: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2970: 2959: 2956: 2954: 2951: 2947: 2944: 2942: 2939: 2937: 2934: 2933: 2930: 2919: 2916: 2914: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2902: 2899: 2897: 2894: 2893: 2890: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2867: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2857: 2854: 2853: 2850: 2839: 2836: 2834: 2831: 2827: 2824: 2822: 2819: 2817: 2814: 2813: 2809: 2797: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2784: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2757:Constituency 2749: 2741: 2739: 2733: 2728: 2725:, journalist 2724: 2723: 2717: 2715: 2709: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2699:authoritarian 2696: 2691: 2689: 2682: 2677: 2668: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2654: 2652: 2647: 2645: 2641: 2631: 2630:at its head. 2629: 2625: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2602: 2597: 2595: 2591: 2590:Bettino Craxi 2587: 2583: 2574: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2562:Bank of Italy 2559: 2555: 2550: 2548: 2541: 2537: 2533: 2528: 2519: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2502:day on which 2499: 2491: 2486: 2476: 2474: 2471:, to start a 2470: 2464: 2462: 2457: 2455: 2451: 2447: 2443: 2442:voter turnout 2438: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2396: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2366:Mariano Rumor 2359: 2358:Richard Nixon 2356: 2351: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2306:third cabinet 2302: 2299:, during the 2298: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2274:Antonio Segni 2266: 2257: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2236: 2233:, founder of 2232: 2231:Enrico Mattei 2228: 2224: 2218: 2211: 2206: 2197: 2195: 2191: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2154: 2152: 2148: 2143: 2140: 2135: 2131: 2129: 2121: 2117: 2114:Fanfani with 2112: 2108: 2106: 2102: 2101:Guido Gonella 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2042: 2040: 2036: 2031: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2020:Antonio Segni 2015: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1991: 1989: 1985: 1981: 1977: 1973: 1968: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1950: 1945: 1940: 1930: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1907: 1905: 1901: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1859: 1854: 1851: 1850:authoritarian 1846: 1844: 1840: 1837:, the CEO of 1836: 1835:Enrico Mattei 1832: 1823: 1814: 1812: 1808: 1802: 1800: 1796: 1792: 1788: 1784: 1783:Luigi Einaudi 1780: 1776: 1772: 1757: 1754: 1753: 1747: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1724: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1705:1946 election 1701: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1677: 1668: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1645:Protestantism 1642: 1637: 1636:and society. 1635: 1631: 1627: 1622: 1620: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1577: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1546: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1523: 1521: 1520: 1519:Workers' Hymn 1515: 1511: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1454: 1452: 1451:head of state 1448: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1372: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1358: 1354: 1350: 1345: 1337: 1328: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1313: 1311: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1270: 1263: 1262: 1240: 1239: 1237: 1233: 1229: 1225: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1205: 1201: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1181: 1177: 1174: 1170: 1166: 1154: 1150: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1118: 1115: 1111: 1105: 1100: 1097: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1082: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1063: 1060: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1030: 1024: 1023: 1017: 1014: 1009: 1005: 998: 994: 990: 986: 979: 976: 970: 967: 964: 958: 952: 947: 944: 941: 935: 932: 929: 923: 917: 912: 909: 905: 901: 894: 890: 886: 882: 874: 868: 865: 862: 856: 853: 850: 844: 838: 833: 830: 826: 822: 816: 813: 812:Antonio Segni 810: 804: 801: 798: 792: 786: 781: 778: 774: 770: 764: 760: 754: 750: 744: 738: 733: 729: 723: 719: 713: 709: 703: 697: 692: 689: 686: 680: 677: 674: 668: 665: 662: 656: 650: 645: 642: 638: 635: 632: 626: 622: 616: 611: 608: 602: 596: 591: 588: 585: 579: 576: 573: 567: 564: 561: 555: 549: 544: 541: 537: 534: 531: 525: 522: 519: 513: 510: 507: 501: 495: 490: 487: 483: 479: 472: 468: 465: 462: 456: 453: 450: 444: 438: 433: 429: 423: 420: 417: 411: 405: 400: 397: 394: 388: 385: 382: 376: 370: 365: 362: 358: 355: 352: 346: 343: 340: 334: 331: 328: 322: 316: 311: 308: 304: 301: 298: 292: 289: 286: 280: 277: 276:Luigi Einaudi 274: 270: 264: 259: 256:Antonio Segni 255: 249: 246: 243: 237: 234: 233:Antonio Segni 231: 227: 224: 221: 217: 211: 206: 203: 200: 194: 191: 188: 182: 179: 176: 172: 169: 168:Antonio Segni 165: 162: 158: 152: 147: 144: 143:Bettino Craxi 141: 135: 132: 129: 123: 120: 117: 113: 107: 102: 99: 96: 90: 87: 86:Bettino Craxi 84: 78: 75: 72: 68: 62: 57: 54: 50: 46: 39: 34: 27: 22: 19: 9813: 9788: 9675:Bono Parrino 9650:Donat-Cattin 9599: 9445:Donat-Cattin 9384: 9230:Donat-Cattin 8218: 8040:van Kleffens 7751: 7656: 7108: 7098: 7078: 7063: 6911:Guicciardini 6901:Guicciardini 6637: 6617: 6607: 6302: 6292: 6227: 6212: 6192: 5864: 5847: 5835: 5819: 5818: 5801: 5774: 5502: 5475: 5443: 5416: 5384: 5369:Antonio Gava 5357: 5330: 5303: 5276: 5245: 5218: 5191: 5164: 5141: 5106: 5079: 5052: 5025: 5010:Mario Scelba 4998: 4971: 4966:Mario Scelba 4944: 4917: 4886:(in Italian) 4872: 4857: 4854:Nico Perrone 4843: 4836: 4810: 4789: 4778: 4766: 4746: 4739: 4727: 4715:. Retrieved 4708:the original 4701: 4689: 4677:. Retrieved 4670: 4661: 4649:. Retrieved 4642: 4633: 4621: 4609:. Retrieved 4602: 4593: 4581: 4570: 4558: 4546: 4535: 4523: 4512: 4500: 4488: 4477: 4465: 4453: 4441: 4430: 4419: 4414:, governo.it 4407: 4395: 4386: 4380: 4368: 4356:. Retrieved 4354:(in Italian) 4342: 4331: 4325:(in Italian) 4320: 4316: 4305: 4293: 4281: 4270: 4258: 4246: 4234: 4219: 4211: 4199: 4187: 4176: 4165: 4153: 4141: 4129: 4117: 4105: 4093: 4081: 4069: 4057: 4046: 4035: 4027: 4022: 4010:. Retrieved 4003:the original 3998: 3985: 3980:, governo.it 3973: 3961: 3956:, governo.it 3949: 3938: 3926: 3914: 3909:, governo.it 3902: 3890: 3878: 3869: 3858: 3847: 3836: 3828: 3820: 3808: 3803:, governo.it 3796: 3785: 3773: 3762: 3751: 3739: 3731: 3723: 3712: 3701: 3690: 3678: 3667: 3655: 3644: 3632: 3624: 3616: 3604: 3593: 3585: 3577: 3569: 3561: 3553: 3549: 3537: 3529: 3521: 3516:, governo.it 3509: 3498: 3493:, Governo.it 3486: 3459:, governo.it 3452: 3440: 3435:, governo.it 3428: 3416: 3404: 3375: 3364: 3356: 3335: 3327: 3315: 3304: 3293: 3276:(in Italian) 3271: 3259:. Retrieved 3254: 3228:30 September 3226:. Retrieved 3222:the original 3212: 3200: 3192: 3187: 3175:. Retrieved 3168: 3147: 3142: 3131: 3120: 3109: 3098: 3087: 3082: 3072: 3064: 3044: 3037: 3027: 3010: 2968: 2928: 2888: 2848: 2807: 2720: 2718: 2710: 2703: 2692: 2685: 2660:Tangentopoli 2658: 2655: 2648: 2637: 2605: 2598: 2579: 2558:Rino Formica 2551: 2544: 2516: 2508:Red Brigades 2500: 2496: 2465: 2458: 2439: 2417: 2402: 2378: 2363: 2345: 2330: 2294: 2271: 2239: 2220: 2155: 2144: 2136: 2132: 2128:Pietro Nenni 2125: 2097:Mario Scelba 2082: 2043: 2035:Mario Scelba 2032: 2027: 2016: 2008:Soviet Union 1992: 1969: 1954: 1908: 1855: 1847: 1828: 1807:Mario Scelba 1803: 1777:as new 1768: 1750: 1748: 1725: 1702: 1682: 1638: 1623: 1616: 1604:Italian Jews 1599: 1588: 1580: 1578: 1562: 1557: 1542: 1524: 1517: 1490:middle-class 1475: 1461: 1455: 1405:, including 1400: 1373: 1335: 1334: 1184:(1999-11-20) 1113:Constituency 1103: 1084:Constituency 1074: 1055:Constituency 1045: 1033:Appointed by 1020: 973:Succeeded by 950: 938:Succeeded by 915: 871:Succeeded by 836: 819:Succeeded by 784: 767:Succeeded by 736: 726:Succeeded by 695: 683:Succeeded by 648: 629:Succeeded by 623:Mario Scelba 594: 587:Antonio Gava 582:Succeeded by 547: 528:Succeeded by 493: 459:Succeeded by 436: 426:Succeeded by 403: 391:Succeeded by 368: 349:Succeeded by 314: 300:Mario Scelba 295:Succeeded by 262: 252:Succeeded by 209: 197:Succeeded by 150: 138:Succeeded by 105: 93:Succeeded by 60: 18: 9876:1999 deaths 9871:1908 births 9540:De Michelis 9210:Zamberletti 8451:von Wechmar 8384:Amerasinghe 8328:Trepczyński 7822:Cancellieri 7169:De Michelis 5717:(1861–1946) 4846:, reprint, 4734:, senato.it 4628:, camera.it 4588:, senato.it 4565:, Il Foglio 4265:, senato.it 4148:, senato.it 4112:, senato.it 4088:, senato.it 3921:, camera.it 3897:, camera.it 3746:, senato.it 3685:, senato.it 3544:, camera.it 3447:, camera.it 3173:. p. 7 2730: [ 2420:traditional 2314:Vietnam War 2182:White House 2120:White House 2073:centre-left 2058:neo-fascist 1897:neo-fascist 1746:, or INA). 1665:Switzerland 1641:Catholicism 1634:Catholicism 1593:antisemitic 1573:corporatist 1554:Reformation 1550:Renaissance 1222:(1994–1999) 1216:(1943–1994) 1210:(1935–1943) 1022:Life tenure 961:Preceded by 926:Preceded by 859:Preceded by 807:Preceded by 757:Preceded by 716:Preceded by 671:Preceded by 619:Preceded by 570:Preceded by 516:Preceded by 447:Preceded by 414:Preceded by 379:Preceded by 337:Preceded by 283:Preceded by 240:Preceded by 185:Preceded by 126:Preceded by 81:Preceded by 9860:Categories 9670:Fracanzani 9575:Mattarella 9560:La Pergola 9375:Mattarella 9350:La Pergola 9265:Di Lazzaro 9240:Sarcinelli 9220:Travaglini 8837:Al-Khalifa 8356:Bouteflika 7847:Piantedosi 7787:Napolitano 7777:Brancaccio 7637:De Gasperi 7577:Fornaciari 7482:Zanardelli 7422:Zanardelli 7214:Berlusconi 7039:De Gasperi 7024:De Gasperi 6991:De Gasperi 6771:La Marmora 6368:Berlusconi 6358:Berlusconi 6333:Berlusconi 6183:De Gasperi 6159:De Gasperi 6059:Zanardelli 5969:La Marmora 5739:Umberto II 5020:Adone Zoli 4717:26 October 4679:26 October 4651:26 October 4611:26 October 4553:, Il Tempo 4460:, Il Tempo 4358:17 October 4124:, Panorama 3261:2 February 3177:9 February 3086:Franzosi, 3019:References 2473:government 2409:referendum 2374:particracy 1887:(PCI) and 1869:right-wing 1795:Adone Zoli 1649:Capitalism 1598:(Italian: 1472:Early life 1396:tax system 1349:politician 1316:Politician 1309:Occupation 1298:Alma mater 1158:1908-02-06 245:Adone Zoli 9794:Aldo Moro 9645:Battaglia 9585:Andreotti 9550:Iervolino 9545:Maccanico 9530:(1988–89) 9440:Battaglia 9380:Andreotti 9345:Iervolino 9325:(1987–88) 9175:Andreotti 8974:Lykketoft 8644:Insanally 8535:Choudhury 8191:Rodriguez 7842:Lamorgese 7792:Jervolino 7737:Andreotti 7662:Andreotti 7572:Mussolini 7567:Federzoni 7562:Mussolini 7377:Gualtiero 7332:Minghetti 7254:Gentiloni 7249:Mogherini 7184:Andreatta 7164:Andreotti 6976:Guariglia 6971:Mussolini 6961:Mussolini 6951:Mussolini 6683:Casellati 6648:Spadolini 6613:Spagnolli 6598:Merzagora 6583:De Nicola 6545:Federzoni 6388:Gentiloni 6318:Andreotti 6288:Spadolini 6273:Andreotti 6258:Andreotti 6139:Mussolini 5994:Minghetti 5964:Minghetti 5729:Umberto I 5428:Aldo Moro 5153:Aldo Moro 5132:Aldo Moro 4644:La Stampa 4288:, Il Post 4206:, Il Post 4012:4 January 3170:La Stampa 2751:Election 2722:La Stampa 2254:Aldo Moro 2223:reformist 2122:, in 1963 2044:When the 2024:Aldo Moro 1996:atlantism 1653:Max Weber 1560:in 1935. 1506:housewife 1480:, in the 1353:statesman 1321:economist 1104:In office 1075:In office 1046:In office 978:Aldo Moro 951:In office 916:In office 837:In office 785:In office 737:In office 730:Aldo Moro 720:Aldo Moro 710:Aldo Moro 696:In office 676:Aldo Moro 664:Aldo Moro 649:In office 595:In office 548:In office 494:In office 437:In office 404:In office 369:In office 315:In office 272:President 263:In office 219:President 210:In office 160:President 151:In office 115:President 106:In office 70:President 61:In office 9660:Prandini 9655:Ruggiero 9595:Vassalli 9455:Prandini 9450:Ruggiero 9425:Pandolfi 9420:Granelli 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6633:Cossiga 6628:Colombo 6623:Morlino 6618:Fanfani 6608:Fanfani 6540:Tittoni 6520:Saracco 6510:Durando 6505:Tecchio 6495:Ambrois 6480:Sclopis 6475:Settimo 6348:D'Alema 6313:De Mita 6303:Fanfani 6293:Fanfani 6283:Forlani 6278:Cossiga 6253:Colombo 6228:Fanfani 6213:Fanfani 6193:Fanfani 6114:Orlando 6109:Boselli 6089:Sonnino 6079:Sonnino 6069:Tittoni 6054:Saracco 6049:Pelloux 6014:Cairoli 6004:Cairoli 4848:Norfolk 4703:L'Unità 3011:Elected 2999:41,070 2969:Elected 2957:58,791 2929:Elected 2917:45,956 2889:Elected 2877:44,816 2849:Elected 2837:35,515 2808:Elected 2795:15,692 2766:Result 2667:(PPI). 2599:In the 2413:divorce 2379:In the 2331:In the 2240:In the 2178:Chicago 2166:regions 2118:at the 2056:by the 2002:of the 1990:(PRI). 1955:In the 1951:in 1963 1858:liberal 1703:In the 1659:to the 1585:Italian 1488:, in a 1486:Tuscany 1282: 1274: 1260: 1252: 1248: 1235:Spouses 1169:Tuscany 751:Himself 9640:Santuz 9615:Zanone 9405:Zanone 9365:Santuz 9250:Darida 9150:(1987) 9083:Kőrösi 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