Giulio Andreotti - Knowledge

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the influence and power coming from his position as the leader of a political faction". Prosecutors said in return for electoral support of Lima and assassination of Andreotti's enemies, he had agreed to protect the Mafia, which had expected him to fix the Maxi Trial. Andreotti's defence was predicated on character attacks against the prosecution's key witnesses, who were themselves involved with the mafia. This created a "his word against theirs" dynamic between a prominent politician and a handful of criminals. The defence said Andreotti had been a long-time politician of national stature, never beholden to Lima; and that far from providing protection, Andreotti had passed many tough anti-mafia laws when in government during the '80s. According to Andreotti's lawyers, the prosecution case was based on conjecture and inference, without any concrete proof of direct involvement by Andreotti. The defence also contended the prosecution relied on the word of mafia turncoats whose evidence had been contradictory. One such informer testified that Riina and Andreotti had met and exchanged a "kiss of honour". It emerged that the informer had received a US$ 300,000 "bonus" and committed a number of murders while in the witness protection programme. Andreotti dismissed the allegation against him as "lies and slander ... the kiss of Riina, mafia summits ... scenes out of a comic horror film".

1865: 2677:, one against the acquittal, and the other to try to obtain an acquittal even on the facts until 1980, instead of a statute of limitations. On 15 October 2004, the Court of Cassation rejected both requests, confirming the statute of limitations for any offence until the spring of 1980 and acquittal for the rest. The grounds for the appeal judgment read (on page 211): "Therefore the appealed sentence ... has recognized the participation in the associative crime not in the reductive terms of mere availability, but in the widest and juridically significant ones of a concrete collaboration." It quotes the opinion of the Court of Appeal and is immediately followed by another sentence of the Court of Cassation: "The reconstruction of single episodes and the evaluation of their consequences were made per comments and interpretations that can also be not shared and against which other ones can be relied on." Suppose the final judgment had arrived by 20 December 2002 (limitation period). In that case, it could have resulted in one of the following two alternative outcomes: 1881: 8129: 7517: 6738: 6252: 1199: 2640:, and their police guards. As Riina intended, the assassination of Falcone discredited Andreotti and prevented him from becoming Italy's president. It also led to prosecutors being seen as an epitomising civic virtue. In January 1993, Riina was arrested in Palermo. In the aftermath of Riina's capture, there were further Mafia bomb outrages that included terror attacks on art galleries and churches, which killed ten among the audience and led to a weakening of rules on the evidence which prosecutors could use to bring charges. 2376:, who wanted a system of competition between currencies. Germany had doubts about committing to the project without requiring economic reforms from Italy, which was seen as having various imbalances. As President of the European Council, Andreotti co-opted Germany by making admittance to the single market automatic once the criteria had been met and committing to a rigorous overhaul of Italian public finances. Critics later questioned Andreotti's understanding of the obligation or whether he had ever intended to fulfil it. 1625:, a genre that exhibitors complained lacked stars and was held in low esteem by the public. As he phrased it, there were to be 'Less rags, more legs'. Raunchy comedies and historical dramas with voluptuous toga-clad actresses became the staple of the Italian film industry. The screenplays were vetted to ensure that state funds were not used to prop up commercially unsustainable films, thereby creating a form of preproduction censorship. It was intended that Italian studios use part of their profits for high-quality films; 1996:

1977 introduced ad hoc upgrading of cash benefits for the agricultural sector. In November 1977, pension linkage to the industrial wage was extended to all other pension schemes not administered by INPS. A law of 16 February 1977 extended family allowances to part-time agricultural workers. A law of 5 August 1978 introduced a ten-year housing plan, with the state making funds available to regions for public housing and subsidies for private housing. As premier, Andeotti's urging of fellow leaders in the

2224: 1677: 2497: 10932: 10722: 10474: 10259: 10054: 9879: 9674: 9445: 9278: 9093: 8916: 8731: 8546: 8136: 7523: 52: 1964: 2019: 2801:, two powerful Sicilian politicians with deep ties to local Mafia families, were also involved in the murder. Buscetta testified that Gaetano Badalamenti told him that the Salvo cousins had commissioned the murder as a favor to Andreotti. Andreotti was allegedly afraid that Pecorelli was about to publish information that could have destroyed his political career. Among the information was the complete memorial of 6978: 2595: 3432: 3392: 3352: 3312: 3272: 3232: 3192: 3152: 3112: 3072: 3031: 1565:, a document planning of economic policy drawn up by members of the Italian Catholic forces. The Code served as inspiration and guideline for economic policy of the future Christian Democrats. In 1944, he became a member of the National Council of the newborn Christian Democracy party. After the end of the conflict, he became responsible for the party's youth organisation. 1638:, which depicted the lonely life of a retired man, could only strike government officials as a dangerous throwback, due to the opening scene featuring police breaking up a demonstration of old pensioners and the ending scene featuring Umberto's aborted suicide attempt. In a public letter to De Sica, Andreotti castigated him for his "wretched service to his fatherland". 1960:, a political pact proposed by Moro which would see a government coalition between DC and PCI for the first time. Andreotti, known as a staunch anti-communist, was called in to lead the first experiment in that direction: his new cabinet, formed in July 1976, included only members of his own Christian Democratic party but had the indirect support of the communists. 1460:

being mild-mannered and unassuming. Andreotti did not use his influence to advance his children to prominence, despite being widely considered the most powerful person in the country for decades. "See all, tolerate much, and correct one thing at a time" was a quote that emphasised what has been called his "art of the possible" view of politics.

2104: 2900: 1581:, founder of the modern DC, of whom Andreotti became a close assistant and advisor; the two politicians became close friends despite their very different characters. However, De Gasperi later described Andreotti as a man "so capable in everything that he could become capable of anything". In 1948, he was elected to the newly formed 2632:. Prosecutors, who could not be disciplined or removed except by their self-government board, the CSM, were given increased powers. After January 1992 upholding of the Maxi Trial verdicts as definitive convictions by the supreme court, Riina embarked on a renewed campaign which claimed the lives of the prosecuting magistrates, 2302: 2064:"National Solidarity" government with the support of the PCI. Laws approved during his tenure included the Italian National Health Service reform. However, when the PCI asked to participate more directly in the government, Andreotti refused, and the government was dissolved in June 1979. Due also to conflict with 2445:(29.7%) and two years of mounting scandals (which included several Mafia investigations which notably touched Andreotti), the Christian Democracy party was disbanded in 1994. In the 1990s, most of the politicians prosecuted were acquitted during those investigations, sometimes based on legal formalities or on 2643:

Labelled by Italian media as the "trial of the century", legal action against Andreotti began on 27 March 1993 in Palermo. The prosecution accused the former prime minister of " available to the mafia association named Cosa Nostra for the defence of its interests and attainment of its criminal goals,

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to reinforce the Italians. The US eventually allowed the hijackers to be taken into Italian custody, after receiving assurances that the hijackers would be tried for murder. The other passengers on the plane (including Zaidan) were allowed to continue on to their destination, despite protests by the

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Andreotti was known for his discretion and retentive memory, and also a sense of humour, often placing things in perspective with a sardonic quip. Andreotti's personal support within the Christian Democrats was limited, but he could see where the mutual advantage for apparently conflicting interests

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integration and established closer relations with the Arab world. Admirers of Andreotti saw him as having mediated political and social contradictions, enabling the transformation of a substantially rural country into the world's fifth-largest economy. Critics said he had done nothing to challenge a

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Andreotti was tried in Palermo for criminal association until 28 September 1982 and mafia association from 29 September 1982 onwards. While the first-degree sentence, issued on 23 October 1999, acquitted him because the fact did not exist on the basis of article 530, paragraph 2, of the Penal Code,

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Andreotti was acquitted along with his co-defendants in 1999. Local prosecutors successfully appealed the acquittal, and there was a retrial, which in 2002 convicted Andreotti and sentenced him to 24 years imprisonment. Italians of all political allegiances denounced the conviction. Many failed to

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approved the Land Use Law, which introduced severe constraints on construction, such as new criteria for land expropriations and new planning procedures. On 27 July 1978, the Fair Rent Law completed state control of rents with general rules for rent levels and terms of leases. A law of 16 February

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In 1977, Andreotti dealt with an economic crisis by criticising the luxury lifestyle of many Italians and pushing through tough austerity measures. This cabinet fell in January 1978. In March, the crisis was overcome by the intervention of Moro, who proposed a new cabinet, again formed only by DC

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who was ridiculing him. His mother was described as not very affectionate. An aunt is said to have advised him to remember that few things in life are important and never to over-dramatise difficulties. As an adult, he was described as having a somewhat unusual demeanor for an Italian politician,

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Appare credibile quanto affermato a suo tempo dall'ingegnere Francesco Siniscalchi e dai dottori Ermenegildo Benedetti e Giovanni Bricchi circa una possibile donazione di fascicoli che l'ex capo del SIFAR Giovanni Allavena avrebbe effettuato a Gelli al momento di aderire alla loggia P2 nel 1967.

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In 2010, the Court of Cassation ruled that Andreotti had slandered a judge who had given testimony by saying the self-governing body of prosecutors and judges should remove him from his position. Andreotti had said that leaving the man as a judge was "like leaving a lighted fuse in the hand of a

2612:-based Mafia, which operated below the surface of public life by controlling large numbers of votes to enable mutually beneficial relationships with local politicians. Andreotti said, "But Lima never spoke to me about these things." By the 1980s, the old low-profile Mafia was overthrown by the 1855:

unsolicited advice and was often heeded. He updated the relationship of Roman Catholicism to the Italian state in an accord he presented to parliament. It put the country on a more secular basis: abolishing Roman Catholicism as the state religion, making religious instruction in public schools

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in Via Caetani after 55 days of imprisonment, during which Moro was submitted to a political trial by the so-called "people's court" set up by the Brigate Rosse and the Italian government was asked for an exchange of prisoners. After Moro's death, Andreotti continued as Prime Minister of the

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Masonic Lodge, a secret association of politicians, civil servants, industrialists, military leaders, heads of the secret service, and prominent journalists conspiring to prevent the Italian Communist Party taking office. This theory posited control of elements ranging from the neo-fascist

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on essential foodstuffs and various social reforms to reach an understanding of organised labour. A law of 11 August 1972 extended health insurance to citizens over 65 to receive a social pension. A law of 30 June 1973 extended the cost of living indexation to the social pension.

1361:, who charged him with ordering the murder of a journalist. He was found guilty at a trial, which led to complaints that the justice system had "gone mad". After being acquitted of all charges, in part due to statute-barred limitations, Andreotti remarked: "Apart from the 2813:

understand how the court could convict Andreotti of orchestrating the killing, yet acquit his co-accused, who supposedly had carried out his orders by setting up and committing the murder. The Italian supreme court definitively acquitted Andreotti of the murder in 2003.

1323:, Andreotti achieved cabinet rank at a young age and occupied all the major offices of state over the course of a 40-year political career, being seen as a reassuring figure by the civil service, business community, and Vatican. In foreign policy, he guided Italy's 1732:, to oust Amintore Fanfani, who was the leader of the left wing of the party, as Prime Minister of Italy and National Secretary of the DC. On 20 November 1958 Andreotti, then Minister of Treasury, was appointed president of the organizing committee of the 1507:, who had been given sanctuary by the Pope. De Gasperi asked Andreotti if he had nothing better to do with his time, inspiring him to become politically active. Speaking of De Gasperi, Andreotti said, "He taught us to search for compromise, to mediate." 1620:

As the state undersecretary in charge of entertainment in 1949, Andreotti established import limits and screen quotas, and provided loans to Italian production firms. The measures aimed to prevent American productions from dominating the market against

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leader of the right-wing Christian Democratic opposition to Fanfani and Moro's strategy. In this period, the revelation that the secret service had compiled dossiers on virtually every public figure in the country resulted in the

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In 1952, ahead of local elections in the municipality of Rome, Andreotti gave proof of his diplomatic skills and gained credibility. Andreotti persuaded De Gasperi not to establish a political alliance with the neo-fascist

1600:, who later would become Pope Paul VI. During the office, Andreotti had wider-ranging responsibilities than many full ministers, which caused some envy. Andreotti's main undertaking was representing the interests of 2660:

the appeal sentence, issued on 2 May 2003, distinguishing between the facts up to 1980 and those that followed, established that Andreotti "had committed" the "offence of participation in the criminal association" (

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Senato Della Repubblica-Camera Dei Deputati, Xii Legislatura, Doc. XXXIV, N. 1, Relazione Del Comitato Parlamentare Per I Servizi Di Informazione E Sicurezza E Per Il Segreto Di Stato, § 4.2 (Report) (in Italian).

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and improving Italian links with Arab countries. In this respect he followed a line similar to that of Craxi, with whom he had an otherwise troubled political relationship. The Italian authorities had banned the

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optional, and having the Church accept Italy's divorce law in 1971. Andreotti opposed legal divorce and abortion, but despite his party's opposition, he couldn't avoid the legalization of abortion in May 1978.

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had adopted a strategy of launching his candidature only after effectively quenching all the others. Allegations against him thwarted the strategy; moreover, the election was influenced by the murder of the

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On 22 July 1989, Andreotti was sworn in for the third time as prime minister. A turbulent course characterized his government; he decided to stay at the head of government, despite the abandonment of many

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which had been linked to Libya. As a result of the warning from Italy – a supposed ally of the US – Libya was better prepared for the bombing. Nevertheless, on the following day, Libya fired two

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in the first Cabinet of Bettino Craxi, despite the long-lasting personal antagonism between the two men which had occurred earlier on; Craxi was the first Socialist to become Prime Minister of Italy since

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Andreotti could have been convicted based on article 416 of the Penal Code, i.e. the "simple" association, since the aggravated mafia-type association (416-bis of the Penal Code) was introduced in the

1864: 2946:'s funeral. His friend supposedly begged, "The State must give an answer to the Mafia, and you are one of the top authorities in it!" To which a puzzled Andreotti asked, "Which one do you mean?" 3905:"Prince of Darkness: He was prime minister of Italy seven times - but for many of those years Giulio Andreotti had ties to the Mafia. Now an acclaimed new film sheds light on his enigmatic life" 5870: 14844: 1775:. It was prepared by the commander of the Carabinieri, Giovanni de Lorenzo, at the beginning of 1964 in close collaboration with the Italian secret service (SIFAR), CIA secret warfare expert 5522: 2942:

A joke about Andreotti (originally seen in a strip by Stefano Disegni and Massimo Caviglia) had him receiving a phone call from a fellow party member, who pleaded with him to attend judge

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During the kidnapping of Moro, Andreotti refused any negotiation with the terrorists. Moro, during his imprisonment, wrote a statement expressing very harsh judgements against Andreotti.

2441:. It uncovered endemic corruption practices at the highest levels, causing many spectacular (and sometimes controversial) arrests and resignations. After the disappointing result in the 2384:

In 1992, at the end of the legislature, Andreotti resigned from premiership; he was the last Christian Democratic Prime Minister of Italy. The previous year, Cossiga had appointed him

5707: 1518:. In 1942, when Moro was enrolled in the Italian Army, Andreotti succeeded him as president of FUCI, a position he held until 1944. During his early years Andreotti suffered violent 6156: 3620: 4343: 2939:" (he had a malformed spine). Although relatively tall for an Italian of his generation, cartoonists sometimes portrayed Andreotti as a hunchback dwarf lurking in the background. 1908:, the first one by an Italian Prime Minister in over a decade. During his premiership, Italy opened and developed diplomatic and economic relationships with Arab countries of the 4637: 4377:

Negli anni successivi, inoltre, l'adesione alla loggia di pressoché tutti i principali dirigenti del SID rende più che plausibile un travaso informativo da questi ultimi a Gelli.

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politicians, but this time with positive confidence votes from the other parties, including the PCI. This cabinet was also chaired by Andreotti and was formed on 16 March 1978.

1473: 2620:. Whereas old Mafia bosses had been cautious about violence, Riina's targeting of anti-mafia officials proved ever more counter-productive. The 1982 murders of parliamentarian 1662:, which had been disbanded after the fall of the Fascist regime. In 1953, among other things, he promoted the so-called "Andreotti's veto" against foreign football players in 5622: 4063:

The Turn of Camaldoli , in State and Economy , then resumed with the same intent in Paolo Emilio Taviani, Because the Code of Camaldoli was a turning point in "Civitas", XXXV

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in retaliation. However, the missiles passed over the island, landed in the sea and caused no damage. As Craxi's relationship with the then-National Secretary of the DC,

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withdrew from their coalition government in 1991. Andreotti would create a new government consisting of Christian Democrats, Socialists, Social Democrats, and Liberals.

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and he was forced to resign after only 9 days; this government has been the one with the shortest period of fullness of powers in the history of the Italian Republic.

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on 6 May 2013 after suffering from respiratory problems, at the age of 94. The BBC described him as "one of the most prominent political figures of post-war Italy".

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Giuseppe Leone, "Federico II Re di Prussia e Giulio Andreotti – Due modi diversi di concepire la politica", su "Ricorditi di me...", in "Lecco 2000", gennaio 1996.

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lay and put himself at the centre of events as mediator. Though not a physically imposing man, Andreotti navigated political waters through conversational skill.

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of governments even when not premier. He remained in office in two consecutive centre-right cabinets in 1972 and 1973. His first cabinet failed in obtaining the

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The court recognized him guilty of mafia-related crimes until at least 1980, but there was no proof of his relationship with organized crime after 1980.

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brand, a peculiarly rare type of bullet not easily found on gun markets, legal and clandestine alike. The same kind of bullet was later found in the

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Andreotti said the opinion of others was of little consequence to him, and "In any case, a few years from now, no one will remember me." He died in

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after a disagreement between American and Italian authorities. Prime Minister Bettino Craxi claimed Italian territorial rights over the NATO base.

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system of patronage that had led to pervasive corruption. Andreotti staunchly supported the Vatican and a capitalist structure, and opposed the

14739: 11832: 10505: 9126: 8579: 6275: 2935:, a political opponent who later fled Italy while sought on corruption charges. Other disparaging nicknames included "The Black Pope" and "The 1669:

After De Gasperi's resignation and retirement in August 1953, Andreotti remained Secretary of the Council under the short-lived premiership of

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and the second-longest-serving post-war prime minister. Andreotti is widely considered the most powerful and prominent politician of the

4351: 13393: 11381: 9707: 7808: 5590: 2554:, former Labour Minister in the last Andreotti Cabinet. On 21 January 2008, he abstained from a vote in the Senate concerning Minister 5681: 4133:

Forlenza, Rosario (2010). "A Party for the Mezzogiorno: The Christian Democratic Party, Agrarian Reform and the Government of Italy".

14869: 13322: 10292: 9478: 8764: 5500: 4298: 14824: 13285: 5632: 5471:"Esposizione Introduttiva Del Pubblico Ministero nel processo penale n. 3538/94 N.R., instaurato nei confronti di Giulio Andreotti" 3934: 1389: 1332:. Following the popular Italian sentiment of the time, he supported the development of a strong European community playing host to 681: 5815: 5248:

Mirabella, Julia Grace (5 January 2012). "Scales of Justice: Assessing Italian Criminal Procedure Through the Amanda Knox Trial".

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Christian Democracy suffered heavy defeats in the provincial and municipal elections, and polling suggested heavy losses in the

14804: 14784: 13778: 13118: 6706: 2880:, a clandestine NATO organisation that was intended to fight a Soviet conquest of Europe through an armed resistance movement. 2851:, announced the death, stating that Andreotti was "the most representative politician" Italy had known in its recent history. 6237: 6109: 6052: 6023: 5998: 5381: 5204: 5177: 5143: 5116: 4901: 4866: 4839: 4757: 4493: 4435: 4406: 4220: 4117: 4089: 4030: 3840: 3752: 3996: 2923:, where a powerful Mafia-linked politician is shown laughing at the comment just before his assassination. He was nicknamed 14391: 13334: 12720: 3962:

Crowdus, Gary (Summer 2009). "Exposing the Dark Secrets of Italian Political History: An Interview with Paolo Sorrentino".

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Mino Pecorelli was killed in Rome's Prati district with four gunshots, on 20 March 1979. The bullets used to kill him were

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affair. Andreotti ordered the destruction of the dossiers; but before the destruction, Andreotti provided the documents to

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was influential in the creation of an EU Regional Development Fund, which the south of Italy was to greatly benefit from.

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In 1968, Andreotti was appointed leader of the parliamentary group of Christian Democracy, a position he held until 1972.

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noted he had "a résumé of signal accomplishments and checkered failings that reads like a history of the republic". The

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Andreotti was eventually acquitted on 23 October 1999; however, together with the greater series of corruption cases of

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At the height of his statesman career, Andreotti was subjected to criminal prosecutions and charged with colluding with

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Andeotti's approach owed little to a belief that market mechanisms could be left to work without interference. He used

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Andreotti came under suspicion because his relatively small faction within the Christian Democrats included Sicilian

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strategy, but his attempt only lasted a year. The cabinet fell due to the withdrawal of the external support of the

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On 16 April 1945, Andreotti married Livia Danese (1 June 1921 – 29 July 2015) and had two sons and two daughters,

1979:", because it was externally supported by all the political parties in the Parliament, except for the neo-fascist 13992: 7381: 5957: 3568: 2041:, or BR) terrorists in Via Fani in Rome. Firing automatic weapons, the terrorists killed Moro's bodyguards (two 14834: 14779: 14544: 11374: 10741: 9700: 8935: 7261: 6745: 3541: 2570: 2532: 1481: 921: 98: 14253: 13808: 11035: 14594: 14416: 13191: 13157: 12061: 10491: 10285: 9973: 9471: 9112: 8757: 8565: 7754: 6607: 4245: 3405: 3365: 3325: 3285: 3245: 3205: 3165: 3125: 3085: 3045: 3008: 3003: 2528: 2458: 2442: 2251: 2033:

vote in Parliament, the car of Aldo Moro, then-president of Christian Democracy, was assaulted by a group of

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On the morning of 16 March 1978, the day on which the new Andreotti cabinet was supposed to have undergone a

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scandal, an envisaged plot for an Italian coup in 1964 requested by then-President of the Italian Republic

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In 2006, Andreotti stood for the Presidency of the Italian Senate, obtaining 156 votes against the 165 of

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and De Mita. In 1989, when De Mita's government fell, Andreotti was appointed as the new prime minister.

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After Craxi's resignation in 1987, Andreotti remained Minister of Foreign Affairs in the governments of

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Carey, Jane (December 1958). "The Italian Elections of 1958--Unstable Stability in an Unstable World".

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A devout Catholic, Andreotti was on close terms with six successive pontiffs. He occasionally gave the

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was supported by the Roman Catholic right wing. It started its activity with a press campaign accusing

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from 1991 until his death in 2013. He was also a journalist and author. Andreotti was sometimes called

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The defendant could have been acquitted in full with the confirmation of the first instance judgment.

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aimed at precipitating a coup, as well as banking scandals and various high-profile assassinations.

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In 1972, with Andreotti's first term as prime minister began a period when he was often seen as the

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resigned. On previous occasions, Andreotti had always supported Prodi's government with his vote.

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would continue to serve as Andreotti's geographical base of power later in his political career.

1480:

Andreotti did not shine at his school and started work in a tax office while studying law at the

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Dal welfare state alla welfare society: teologia sociale e azione pastorale di Caritas italiana

2919: 2667: 2578: 2470: 2446: 2364:

In 1990, Andreotti was involved in getting all parties to agree to a binding timetable for the

1313: 1109: 11145: 11130: 11095: 6101: 6095: 5194: 5167: 4893: 4883: 4856: 4326:

Proietti, Fernando (12 November 1993). "Morto Franco Evangelisti il camerlengo di Andreotti".

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invasion and conquest. Although Gladio specifically refers to the Italian branch of the NATO

2258: 2030: 13688: 11465: 5600: 2666:), "concretely recognisable until the spring of 1980", an offence that was "extinguished by 2212:

United States. Egypt demanded an apology from the U.S. for forcing the airplane off course.

1534:, a fascist propaganda publication, but was also a member of the then-clandestine newspaper 14689: 14684: 14642: 14512: 14293: 13106: 13009: 12899: 12669: 12591: 12349: 11964: 11625: 11412: 11265: 11155: 10896: 10891: 10786: 10691: 10661: 10536: 10514: 10323: 10118: 9983: 9953: 9868: 9773: 9748: 9565: 9531: 9135: 8885: 8855: 8820: 8700: 8665: 8645: 8600: 8588: 8486: 8451: 8373: 8307: 8262: 8232: 8217: 8207: 7129: 6649: 6617: 2873: 2757: 2513: 2169: 2086: 1733: 1542: 1441: 1337: 91: 11601: 11280: 9289: 5508: 2314:

ministers, after the approval of the norm on TV spots favorable to private TV channels of

1365:, for which I was too young, I have been blamed for everything that's happened in Italy." 8: 14654: 14618: 14357: 14330: 14303: 13783: 13718: 13383: 13378: 13248: 13186: 12735: 12448: 12144: 12119: 12009: 11984: 11954: 11773: 11270: 11195: 9320: 8790: 8404: 7997: 7937: 7699: 6860: 5595: 4558: 4328: 4303: 3689: 3621:"Giulio Andreotti: Politician who dominated the Italian scene for more than half century" 2905: 2888: 2794: 2729: 2165: 2098: 1957: 1909: 1780: 1546: 1309: 12332: 11220: 11210: 8742: 4663: 14633: 14606: 14584: 14574: 14527: 14441: 14431: 14421: 14203: 14088: 13997: 13883: 13863: 13542: 13471: 13253: 13179: 13174: 12911: 12864: 12725: 12477: 12453: 12091: 11959: 11761: 11684: 11542: 11459: 11295: 11090: 10985: 10921: 10831: 10811: 10686: 10581: 10546: 10423: 10328: 10313: 10218: 10003: 9921: 9858: 9833: 9798: 9653: 9598: 9381: 9376: 9224: 9043: 9005: 8530: 8302: 8292: 7764: 7744: 7684: 7491: 7296: 7214: 7149: 7089: 6760: 6555: 6393: 6322: 6251: 5935: 5354: 5320: 5041: 4962: 4742: 4271: 4193: 4158: 4150: 3971: 3662: 3503: 2964: 2869: 2859:

Andreotti was accused of participation in a variety of plots. He was alleged to be the

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Irving, R. E. M. (July 1976). "Italy's Christian Democrats and European Integration".

2744:, who had not originally mentioned the allegation about Andreotti when interviewed by 2520:. Andreotti immediately became a prominent party member and was widely considered the 14549: 14426: 14362: 14278: 14158: 14138: 14108: 14078: 14068: 14043: 14038: 13853: 13838: 13823: 13793: 13698: 13628: 13515: 13388: 13275: 12969: 12676: 12601: 12287: 12139: 12019: 11850: 11391: 11359: 11338: 11320: 11255: 11100: 11065: 11045: 10943: 10866: 10791: 10631: 10621: 10591: 10541: 10531: 10433: 10368: 10348: 10318: 10228: 10163: 10148: 10113: 9838: 9818: 9783: 9618: 9583: 9504: 9396: 9243: 9214: 9157: 9058: 9048: 9038: 8980: 8905: 8880: 8620: 8506: 8362: 8357: 8247: 8187: 8152: 8102: 8057: 8037: 8022: 8012: 8002: 7992: 7967: 7962: 7952: 7942: 7932: 7927: 7729: 7554: 7539: 7506: 7446: 7386: 7356: 7346: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7316: 7276: 7169: 7159: 7134: 7079: 7024: 6984: 6960: 6925: 6900: 6885: 6875: 6865: 6835: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6657: 6528: 6366: 6105: 6048: 6019: 5994: 5377: 5200: 5173: 5139: 5112: 4897: 4862: 4835: 4829: 4753: 4489: 4431: 4402: 4216: 4162: 4113: 4085: 4026: 3758: 3726: 2765: 2764:

s weapon stock, concealed in the Health Ministry's basement. Investigations targeted

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During his premiership, Andreotti clashed many times with President of the Republic

2318:. This choice did not prevent the resurgence of old suspicions and resentments with 1800: 1692:. From July 1956 to July 1958, he was appointed Finance Minister in the cabinets of 1308:

party and its right-wing; he was the sixth-longest-serving prime minister since the

14484: 14479: 14340: 14223: 14193: 14168: 14103: 14098: 14073: 13873: 13798: 13753: 13673: 13633: 13557: 13309: 12945: 12916: 12854: 12849: 12817: 12812: 12800: 12795: 12619: 12514: 12056: 11814: 11749: 11743: 11501: 11442: 11406: 11160: 11120: 11070: 10977: 10856: 10806: 10776: 10656: 10616: 10526: 10418: 10393: 10373: 10213: 10183: 10158: 10028: 9958: 9808: 9778: 9716: 9628: 9608: 9429: 9419: 9401: 9386: 9342: 9332: 9262: 9252: 9209: 9204: 9169: 9082: 9067: 9024: 9000: 8860: 8830: 8610: 8516: 8426: 8267: 8257: 8197: 8172: 8162: 8092: 8087: 8077: 8042: 7987: 7972: 7957: 7882: 7862: 7852: 7839: 7624: 7614: 7604: 7599: 7594: 7579: 7564: 7486: 7476: 7466: 7361: 7266: 7253: 7104: 7094: 7029: 7014: 6994: 6940: 6905: 6855: 6840: 6825: 6775: 6750: 6730: 6484: 6295: 5903: 4954: 4889: 4774: 4744:

Growth to Limits: The Western European Welfare States Since World War II (Volume 4)

4583:"Ex-Italian PM Giulio Andreotti dies. Prominent political figure of post-war Italy" 4185: 4142: 3992: 3654: 2950: 2943: 2877: 2745: 2741: 2686: 2637: 2633: 2405: 2385: 2330: 2290: 2146: 2123: 2103: 1713: 1689: 1629: 1493: 1397: 1292: 1237: 1231: 1056: 553: 468: 386: 103: 25: 14410: 14118: 13868: 12869: 12538: 12313: 11230: 11080: 10733: 8927: 2341:. Its purpose was to prepare for and implement armed resistance in the event of a 2254:, because, in the words of Andreotti, it was "damaging to the honor of the army". 1304:

in seven governments (1972–1973, 1976–1979, and 1989–1992), and was leader of the

14659: 14335: 14283: 14183: 14173: 14063: 14028: 13928: 13913: 13848: 13803: 13643: 13562: 13532: 13437: 13398: 13265: 13031: 12657: 12419: 12370: 12038: 11868: 11862: 11838: 11714: 11702: 11672: 11572: 11560: 11548: 11483: 11436: 11305: 11235: 11050: 11015: 10916: 10911: 10836: 10711: 10706: 10666: 10586: 10483: 10463: 10458: 10428: 10301: 10243: 10223: 10133: 9978: 9803: 9788: 9728: 9643: 9603: 9588: 9527: 9499: 9487: 9424: 9371: 9356: 9347: 9337: 9257: 9194: 9179: 9152: 9147: 9104: 9029: 9009: 8990: 8975: 8970: 8875: 8800: 8650: 8630: 8557: 8501: 8342: 8322: 8317: 8277: 8117: 8112: 8082: 8007: 7887: 7872: 7857: 7847: 7774: 7769: 7749: 7739: 7734: 7724: 7714: 7709: 7689: 7669: 7659: 7644: 7629: 7569: 7496: 7441: 7421: 7406: 7401: 7271: 7189: 7114: 7084: 6955: 6945: 6870: 6795: 6780: 6765: 6755: 6634: 6565: 6501: 6474: 6349: 5564: 5092: 4398: 3508: 2848: 2809:

before his death. Dalla Chiesa was also assassinated by Mafia in September 1982.

2805:, which would be published only in 1990 and which Pecorelli had shown to General 2651:, Andreotti's trials marked the purging and renewal of Italy's political system. 2617: 2283: 2279: 2142: 1816: 1805: 1622: 1558: 1554: 764: 617: 565: 304: 115: 14770:

Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany

14308: 14208: 13748: 12693: 12078: 12029: 3808: 2215:

The escape of Muhammad Zaidan was the result of a deal made with Yassar Arafat.

14564: 14507: 14451: 14384: 14268: 14243: 14213: 14178: 14113: 14058: 14053: 14048: 13773: 13743: 13728: 13663: 13638: 13597: 13461: 12777: 12596: 12546: 12438: 12396: 12239: 11856: 11797: 11554: 11530: 11471: 11348: 11285: 11250: 11225: 11215: 11165: 11110: 11030: 10871: 10696: 10626: 10453: 10388: 10383: 10378: 10238: 10193: 10188: 10178: 10168: 10108: 10018: 9963: 9938: 9843: 9828: 9793: 9738: 9633: 9593: 9540: 9536: 9513: 9434: 9238: 9053: 9033: 8900: 8840: 8810: 8785: 8705: 8685: 8675: 8491: 8481: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8352: 8332: 8327: 8287: 8282: 8222: 8072: 8032: 8027: 8017: 7917: 7867: 7789: 7694: 7674: 7584: 7574: 7559: 7481: 7461: 7436: 7371: 7204: 7194: 7154: 7124: 7109: 7054: 7044: 7034: 6989: 6895: 6890: 6880: 6790: 6582: 6538: 6430: 6223:("The Andreotti trials in Italy") by Philippe Foro, published by University of 5871:"Morta Livia Danese la vedova di Giulio Andreotti funerali il 31 luglio a Roma" 4689: 2955: 2864: 2797:

that Pecorelli's murder had been carried out in the interest of Andreotti. The

2737: 2724:

Contemporaneously with his trial for Mafia association, Andreotti was tried in

2605: 2598: 2349:

organizations, "Operation Gladio" is used as an informal name for all of them.

1844: 1776: 1761: 1709: 1670: 1596:

in the cabinet of his patron De Gasperi. The appointment was also supported by

1550: 1324: 866: 650: 404: 390: 225: 152: 148: 127: 13818: 11300: 10651: 10408: 10208: 9763: 9555: 4146: 2504:

Andreotti joined the PPI of Mino Martinazzoli. In 2001, after the creation of

1432:. His father, who died when Giulio was two, was a primary school teacher from 1297: 14673: 14613: 14446: 14248: 14198: 14148: 14083: 13943: 13938: 13903: 13893: 13828: 13738: 13683: 13658: 13520: 13456: 12651: 12472: 11779: 11690: 11607: 11566: 11290: 11175: 11105: 11060: 11055: 11020: 10995: 10906: 10901: 10886: 10881: 10876: 10821: 10816: 10796: 10701: 10671: 10646: 10571: 10566: 10353: 10233: 10143: 10096: 10023: 9863: 9848: 9733: 9685: 9663: 9648: 9638: 9579: 9522: 9508: 8835: 8773: 8660: 8640: 8635: 8446: 8441: 8347: 8227: 8212: 8192: 8107: 8062: 7982: 7947: 7897: 7784: 7719: 7704: 7654: 7589: 7501: 7376: 7139: 7099: 7064: 7049: 7019: 7004: 6950: 6930: 6910: 6850: 6457: 6447: 6420: 6376: 6285: 4614: 4587: 4477: 2932: 2844: 2798: 2551: 2531:, the party scored 2.3% on a stand-alone list, winning only two seats in the 2319: 2235:

As Minister Andreotti encouraged diplomacy between the United States and the

2108: 2065: 1968: 1929: 1901: 1889: 1873: 1869: 1772: 1717: 1693: 1652: 1413: 640: 595: 382: 237: 213: 12234: 10270: 9890: 9456: 3685:"Andreotti morto, il tribunale disse: 'Ebbe rapporti organici con la mafia'" 2717: 2301: 2223: 14579: 14559: 14517: 14347: 14288: 14233: 14153: 14133: 14123: 13908: 13888: 13858: 13758: 13713: 13708: 13653: 13607: 13582: 13446: 13014: 12963: 12805: 12509: 12361: 12188: 12177: 12096: 12051: 11916: 11844: 11820: 11696: 11260: 11205: 11180: 11140: 11115: 11010: 11005: 10846: 10801: 10576: 10551: 10438: 10363: 10343: 10248: 10173: 10128: 9998: 9968: 9823: 9753: 9743: 9623: 9575: 9545: 9406: 9352: 9233: 9228: 9199: 9077: 9072: 8825: 8695: 8431: 8272: 8202: 8182: 8167: 8157: 7634: 7549: 7544: 7451: 7199: 7184: 7179: 7164: 7144: 6999: 6691: 6312: 6183:

Political leaders of contemporary Western Europe: a biographical dictionary

5962: 4509: 3909: 2793:

Tommaso Buscetta told Palermo prosecutors that he had learnt from his boss

2690: 2621: 2563: 2482: 2236: 2034: 1953: 1913: 1905: 1676: 1527: 511: 162: 12377: 10065: 2145:, leader of the PLF. One 69-year-old Jewish American man in a wheelchair, 1956:

leaders, Moro and Fanfani, with a proposal to bring forward the so-called

1815:

was called for May 1972, and Christian Democracy, led by Andreotti's ally

1783:, then-chief of the CIA station in Rome, and Renzo Rocca, director of the 1428:

Andreotti, the youngest of three children, was born on 14 January 1919 in

14601: 14522: 14494: 14474: 14379: 14143: 13923: 13813: 13788: 13703: 13592: 13577: 13567: 13510: 13505: 13483: 13466: 13451: 13430: 13425: 13046: 13040: 12987: 12757: 12699: 12613: 12586: 12443: 12431: 12354: 12339: 12134: 11999: 11767: 11726: 11655: 11489: 11343: 11185: 11085: 10851: 10606: 9411: 9391: 8865: 8805: 8690: 8625: 8496: 8312: 8067: 7759: 7471: 7174: 6935: 6339: 6268: 4737: 4512:(26 June 1972). "Andreotti presenta a Leone il nuovo governo di centro". 4485: 4105: 3836:

An Encyclopedic Dictionary of Conflict and Conflict Resolution, 1945–1996

2914: 2779: 2662: 2648: 2437: 2426: 2346: 2342: 2192: 2153: 2056: 2042: 1885: 1753: 1721: 1503:

In 1938, while researching the papal navy in the Vatican library, he met

1368:

In addition to his prime ministerial posts, Andreotti served in numerous

1349: 832: 5358: 5324: 5045: 4154: 3975: 2670:". For facts subsequent to the spring of 1980, Andreotti was acquitted. 2558:'s report on foreign politics. The abstentions of another life senator, 14023: 14018: 13733: 13587: 13552: 13493: 13410: 13111: 12992: 12526: 12086: 11643: 11578: 11536: 11275: 11200: 11150: 11040: 8680: 8097: 7009: 6243: 6206: 5990: 4966: 4749: 4197: 3666: 2629: 2613: 2516:

political party in Italy, led by Sergio D'Antoni, former leader of the

2401: 2134: 1768: 1697: 1634: 1541:

In July 1943, Andreotti contributed, along with Mario Ferrari Aggradi,

1440:; after a few years his sister Elena also died. Andreotti attended the 1362: 1333: 1162: 808: 5987:

Nato's Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe

4831:

Terrorism and America: A Commonsense Strategy for a Democratic Society

2740:. The case was circumstantial and based on the word of Mafia turncoat 14628: 14263: 13612: 13547: 13366: 13280: 13243: 13201: 13129: 12877: 12767: 12752: 12664: 12640: 12563: 12391: 12297: 12046: 11424: 11000: 8815: 8795: 8436: 8242: 8237: 7649: 7639: 7619: 7609: 7069: 7039: 6511: 5345:

Allum, Percy (1997). "Statesman or Godfather? The Andreotti Trials".

5061:"Evolution in Europe; Italy Discloses its Web of Cold War Guerrillas" 4945:

Andreotti, Giulio (1994). "Foreign policy in the Italian democracy".

4514: 4081: 2936: 2928: 2884: 2802: 2505: 2496: 2275: 2060: 2023: 1601: 1511: 1456: 541: 174: 6097:

Hollywood Italians: Dagos, Palookas, Romeos, Wise Guys, and Sopranos

4958: 4189: 3658: 2654: 14369: 14352: 13498: 13295: 13206: 12957: 12837: 12772: 12682: 12608: 12581: 12344: 12206: 12124: 6678: 6224: 6044: 4923: 4452:"La vita di Giulio Andreotti: presidente del Consiglio per 7 volte" 3809:"Incontro sul volume 'C'era una volta Andreotti' di Massimo Franco" 2461:. In hopes of changing the party's image, the DC's last secretary, 2338: 1852: 1828: 1827:. Andreotti, supported by secretary Forlani, tried to continue his 1522:

that forced him to make use of psychoactive drugs sporadically and

1519: 1451:

Andreotti showed some ferocity as a youth, once stubbing out a lit

51: 10931: 10721: 10473: 10258: 10053: 9878: 9673: 9444: 9277: 9092: 8915: 8730: 8545: 8135: 7522: 3537:"Giulio Andreotti (XVII Legislatura), Dati anagrafici e incarichi" 2736:, and others on charges of complicity in the murder of journalist 2709: 1963: 14273: 13833: 13488: 13420: 13211: 13079: 13003: 12688: 12645: 12552: 12165: 12129: 11190: 5820: 4714: 4427: 2790: 2725: 2609: 2409: 2208: 2018: 1975:

Andreotti's third cabinet was called "the government of the "not-

1663: 1514:

was president of FUCI, Andreotti became director of its magazine

1489: 1409: 1358: 6977: 5545: 2257:

On 14 April 1986, Andreotti revealed to Libyan Foreign Minister

2152:

The Egyptian airliner carrying the hijackers was intercepted by

13478: 12280: 11885: 6247: 5958:"Giulio Andreotti, former Italian prime minister, dies aged 94" 4023:

L'altra giovinezza. Gli universitari cattolici dal 1935 al 1940

3929: 3927: 2594: 2547:. Andreotti opposed this union and did not join the new party. 2184: 2161: 2138: 2119: 1784: 1658:

As Secretary, Andreotti contributed to the re-formation of the

1523: 1452: 6201:

Andreotti, Giulio. "Foreign policy in the Italian democracy."

5791:"Andreotti's Sentence Draws Protests About 'Justice Gone Mad'" 5218: 5216: 2489:

or stayed within the new PPI, while some right-wingers joined

1472: 1296:; 14 January 1919 – 6 May 2013) was an Italian politician and 14845:

Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games

13525: 8144: 7531: 6970: 5109:

Rescued by Europe?: Social and Labour Market Reforms in Italy

2432: 2204: 2157: 2130: 1749: 1609: 1605: 1592:

Andreotti began his government career in 1947 when he became

1437: 1433: 1243: 8403: 5268:

Vendetta: The Mafia, Judge Falcone, and the Hunt for Justice

3924: 3713: 3711: 3594:"Andreotti, the 'Beelzebub' of Italian politics, dies at 94" 2913:

Fictional characters have been influenced by his image as a

2883:

Andreotti was also accused of having a hand in the death of

13415: 13196: 12762: 9319: 5739:"Ex-Premier Andreotti Acquitted of Mafia Murder Conspiracy" 5213: 5111:. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press. pp. 132–133. 4394: 3839:. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. p. 25. Archived from 2834: 2271: 2180: 1900:

supporter and was invited to America by the U.S. President

1897: 1819:, remained stable with around 38% of the votes, as did the 1429: 1357:. The most sensational allegation came from prosecutors in 1336:

economics. He was not opposed to the implementation of the

1267: 1255: 1072: 1052: 5523:"Testo integrale della sentenza della Corte di Cassazione" 3718:

Ceron, Andrea; Ivernizzi, Giovanna Maria (10 March 2021).

2899: 1904:

in 1973. A year earlier, he paid an official visit to the

1261: 8772: 3708: 1912:, and supported business and trade between Italy and the 7244: 5931:"Giulio Andreotti, Premier of Italy 7 Times, Dies at 94" 5682:"Andreotti Is Back in Court, This Time on Murder Charge" 5311:

Briquet, Jean-Louis (1999). "The Faltering Transition".

4548: 4546: 4544: 2508:, Andreotti abandoned the People's Party and joined the 3935:"Giulio Andreotti: Popular PM faced trial with dignity" 2573:

in 2008–2013, he opted to join the parliamentary group

2107:

Andreotti with the Socialist leader and Prime Minister

11389: 10973: 6016:

Puppetmasters: The Political Use of Terrorism in Italy

2149:, was murdered by the hijackers and thrown overboard. 1492:

youth organization which was allowed by the regime of

14570:

Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States

7830: 5656:"The Andreotti Affair: Supergrasses target Andreotti" 4919:"Italian magazine publishes Arafat's secret journals" 4541: 3873:. Oxford University Press. p. 14. Archived from 3811:(in Italian). Senate of the Republic. 7 February 2019 2673:

Both the prosecution and the defense appealed to the

1940:

left the centre-left government of Moro. The ensuing

1568: 1496:. Its members included many of the future leaders of 1276: 1246: 1240: 5417:"Italy Inquiry Asks Andreotti's Trial on Mafia Ties" 5125: 4215:(3rd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill. p. 333. 2191:; there, the hijackers were arrested by the Italian 1264: 1252: 1249: 10763: 8957: 6157:"Il Divo: the Spectacular Life of Giulio Andreotti" 5708:"Intreccio Pecorelli-Moro: già da un anno s'indaga" 5052: 5000:"Reports: Italy warned Libya of 1986 US strike, EU" 3474:"Greetings, Andreotti always set an example for us" 2894: 2337:(NATO) "stay-behind" operation in Italy during the 1258: 10513: 9134: 8587: 5904:"Giulio Andreotti: Ex-Italian prime minister dies" 5376:. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press. p. 130. 5372:Gilbert, Mark; Pasquino, Gianfranco, eds. (2000). 5186: 5085: 4981:"Oliver Reed movie used by Isis to threaten Italy" 4917:Tobias, Binyamin; Bettini, Daniel (2 April 2018). 4741: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3892: 3453:List of prime ministers of Italy by time in office 2825:(born 6 July 1950), Marilena, Stefano and Serena. 1712:, son of the deputy national secretary of the DC, 1700:. In the same period, Andreotti started forming a 1486:Italian Catholic Federation of University Students 3465: 2655:Andreotti's absolution and statute of limitations 2465:, decided to change the name of the party to the 2370:Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union 2329:In 1990, Andreotti revealed the existence of the 1589:, which remained his stronghold until the 1990s. 14671: 5131: 5107:Ferrera, Maurizio; Gualmini, Elisabetta (2004). 4210: 2187:) under the orders of U.S. Secretary of Defense 1919: 5371: 5106: 3889: 2616:, an extremely violent faction led by fugitive 2296: 1793: 9715: 6625:Minister for Cultural Heritage and Environment 5192: 3750: 3717: 3562: 3560: 2748:and had recanted it by the time of the trial. 2589: 2518:Italian Confederation of Workers' Trade Unions 2359: 2199:personnel and Carabinieri lined up facing the 1787:units within the military secret service SID. 260:Minister for Cultural Heritage and Environment 12524: 11901: 11375: 10959: 10749: 10499: 10300: 10286: 10081: 9920: 9906: 9701: 9486: 9472: 9305: 9120: 8943: 8758: 8573: 8389: 7816: 7230: 6707: 5591:"Andreotti, la Cassazione conferma l'appello" 5193:Gilbert, Mark F.; Nilsson, Robert K. (2010). 4916: 2114:On 7 October 1985, four men representing the 1416:after his posthumous deification), or simply 14815:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy 13435: 12487: 12429: 12382: 12368: 12359: 12330: 6721: 6229:Groupe de recherche sur l'histoire immédiate 5816:"Andreotti fights back on Mafia allegations" 5439: 5437: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5243: 5241: 5159: 4476: 4344:"Lo sport italiano ricorda Giulio Andreotti" 4075: 3987: 3985: 3754:Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture 2782:, Antonio Viezzer, Cristiano Fioravanti and 2452: 2333:; Gladio was the codename for a clandestine 2055:On 9 May 1978, Moro's body was found in the 1423: 694:24 February 1966 – 13 December 1968 630:16 February 1959 – 24 February 1966 16:Italian politician and statesman (1919–2013) 13973:European Conservatives and Reformists Party 10095: 5706:Calabrò, Maria Antonietta (15 April 1993). 5546:Gian Carlo Caselli; Guido Lo Forte (2018). 5282:"Italy Arrests Sicilian Mafia's Top Leader" 5250:Boston University International Law Journal 5132:Cotta, Maurizio; Verzichelli, Luca (2007). 4858:Defense Policy in the Reagan Administration 4854: 4834:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press. 4710:"Il governo della "non sfiducia", nel 1976" 4211:Bordwell, David; Thompson, Kristin (2010). 4076:Rinaldi, Marcello; Nervo, Giovanni (2006). 4025:(in Italian). Assisi: Cittadella editrice. 3557: 2372:favoured by Italy was opposed by Britain's 2075: 1936:in the cabinets of Aldo Moro. In 1976, the 1924:After his resignation, Andreotti served as 1484:. In this period he became a member of the 481:19 January 1954 – 10 February 1954 11908: 11894: 11382: 11368: 10966: 10952: 10756: 10742: 10506: 10492: 10293: 10279: 10088: 10074: 9913: 9899: 9708: 9694: 9479: 9465: 9312: 9298: 9127: 9113: 8950: 8936: 8765: 8751: 8580: 8566: 8396: 8382: 7823: 7809: 7237: 7223: 6714: 6700: 6250: 6148: 6093: 5559: 5557: 5515: 5374:Italian Politics: The Faltering Transition 4881: 3471: 2535:. In December 2002 it was merged with the 2485:. The left-wing faction either joined the 2379: 2007: 1835:on the matter of local television reform. 50: 14795:Italian People's Party (1994) politicians 14467: 6118: 5928: 5764:"Court Clears Andreotti of Murder Charge" 5737:Stanley, Alessandra (25 September 1999). 5623:"Andreotti convicted of slandering judge" 5463: 5434: 5408: 5390: 5247: 5238: 5199:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 436. 4944: 4855:Snyder, William P.; Brown, James (2004). 4388: 4110:Storia d'Italia da Mussolini a Berlusconi 3982: 3828: 3826: 2949:In 2008, Andreotti became the subject of 2431:In 1992, an investigation was started in 2141:, Israel. The hijacking was organized by 2049:in the following car) and kidnapped him. 1467: 682:Minister of Industry, Commerce and Crafts 585:15 March 1974 – 23 November 1974 6492:Minister of Budget and Economic Planning 6032: 5631:(in Italian). 4 May 2010. Archived from 5565:"ArchivioAntimafia - Processo Andreotti" 5165: 5058: 5031: 4325: 4132: 3864: 3618: 2962:Andreotti was depicted in the 2020 film 2898: 2708: 2685:only in 1982, thanks to the rapporteurs 2593: 2495: 2300: 2222: 2102: 2017: 1962: 1879: 1863: 1675: 1471: 1390:Minister of Budget and Economic Planning 531:23 November 1974 – 30 July 1976 519:Minister of Budget and Economic Planning 322:26 December 1990 – 28 June 1992 14820:Members of the National Council (Italy) 14700:Christian Democracy (Italy) politicians 5736: 5705: 5554: 5310: 5138:. Oxford University Press. p. 38. 4827: 4688: 4638:"La visita di Giulio Andreotti a Mosca" 4580: 4528: 4508: 4296: 4020: 3961: 3860: 3858: 3682: 3566: 2768:, member of the far-right organization 2545:Union of Christian and Centre Democrats 2415: 2305:Portrait of Andreotti in the late 1970s 1655:asked, to prevent a Communist victory. 1615: 996:25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948 744:2 July 1958 – 16 February 1959 197:18 February 1972 – 8 July 1973 14860:Union of the Centre (2002) politicians 14672: 6411:Minister of Trade, Industry and Crafts 6231:(Study group on contemporary history) 6038: 6013: 5984: 5898: 5896: 5679: 5653: 5446:"Andreotti and Mafia - A Kiss Related" 5443: 5414: 5279: 4424:Il processo: Il tarlo della Repubblica 3991: 3902: 3832: 3823: 3644: 2854: 1573:In 1946, Andreotti was elected to the 852:1 June 1947 – 19 January 1954 14740:Deputies of Legislature VIII of Italy 11889: 11363: 10947: 10737: 10487: 10274: 10069: 9894: 9689: 9460: 9293: 9108: 8931: 8746: 8561: 8377: 7804: 7218: 6695: 6682: 6276:Secretary of the Council of Ministers 6067: 5868: 5788: 5344: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5225: 5087:"Giulio Andreotti, Italian statesman" 5027: 5025: 4997: 4885:SEALS: UDT/SEAL Operations in Vietnam 4736: 4175: 4104: 4046: 3531: 3529: 3527: 3472:D'Alia, Gianpiero (14 January 2011). 1986: 1594:Secretary of the Council of Ministers 1291: 1140: 840:Secretary of the Council of Ministers 372:4 August 1983 – 23 July 1989 272:13 April 1991 – 28 June 1992 140:30 July 1976 – 5 August 1979 14735:Deputies of Legislature VII of Italy 14715:Deputies of Legislature III of Italy 7246:Italian Ministers of Foreign Affairs 6683: 5059:Haberman, Clyde (16 November 1990). 4772: 4531:"Eravamo quattro amici a Telebiella" 4482:Elections in Europe: A data handbook 4421: 4391:Storia dei servizi segreti in Italia 4348:Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano 4037:With a preface by Andreotti himself. 3855: 3678: 3676: 2991: 2975: 2608:. In Sicily, Lima cooperated with a 2265:the next day in retaliation for the 1444:in Rome and graduated in law at the 79:23 July 1989 – 28 June 1992 14745:Deputies of Legislature IX of Italy 14730:Deputies of Legislature VI of Italy 14720:Deputies of Legislature IV of Italy 14710:Deputies of Legislature II of Italy 6154: 5893: 5680:Bohlen, Celestine (12 April 1996). 5647: 4796: 4299:"Caso Montesi, la talpa di Fanfani" 4246:"Andreotti salvò lo sport italiano" 3871:A Dictionary of Political Biography 2828: 2704: 2207:. Other Carabinieri were sent from 2092: 1767:Andreotti was also involved in the 436:11 May 1978 – 13 June 1978 13: 14855:Sapienza University of Rome alumni 14840:Presidents of the European Council 14790:Ministers of the interior of Italy 14750:Deputies of Legislature X of Italy 14725:Deputies of Legislature V of Italy 14705:Deputies of Legislature I of Italy 10930: 10720: 10257: 10052: 9877: 9672: 9443: 9276: 9091: 8914: 8729: 8544: 6976: 6736: 6195: 6175: 6018:. London: Constable. p. 301. 5654:Clough, Patricia (16 April 1993). 5331: 5299: 5022: 4470: 4051:(in Italian). Milano: Feltrinelli. 3600:. Agence France-Presse. 6 May 2013 3524: 2575:Union of the Centre – Independents 2335:North Atlantic Treaty Organization 1838: 1641: 1569:Chamber of Deputies and government 1344:in building the European economy. 1342:European Regional Development Fund 796:6 July 1955 – 2 July 1958 14: 14881: 7832:Italian Ministers of the Interior 6212: 5789:Bruni, Frank (19 November 2002). 5550:(in Italian). Roma-Bari: Laterza. 5032:Consonni, M. M. (1993). "Italy". 4861:. DIANE Publishing. p. 141. 3903:Hooper, John (20 February 2009). 3683:Mascali, Antonella (6 May 2013). 3673: 2395:Andreotti and the members of his 1967:Andreotti with G7 leaders at the 1859: 1739:In the early 1960s Andreotti was 1716:, of the murder of fashion model 1585:to represent the constituency of 1561:and Moro, to the creation of the 967:8 May 1948 – 31 May 1991 936:1 June 1991 – 6 May 2013 14870:Political controversies in Italy 11915: 10472: 8134: 8127: 7521: 7515: 6220:"Les procès Andreotti en Italie" 6068:Leney, Fiona (10 October 1993). 5548:La verità sul processo Andreotti 5280:Cowell, Alan (16 January 1993). 4998:David, Ariel (30 October 2008). 4529:Moretti, Samuel (9 March 2011). 4112:. Milano: Mondadori. p. 8. 3430: 3390: 3350: 3310: 3270: 3230: 3190: 3150: 3110: 3070: 3029: 2895:Related perceptions of Andreotti 2816: 2584: 2168:, based on the aircraft carrier 1743:, and was widely considered the 1236: 1197: 14825:Overturned convictions in Italy 13993:International Monarchist League 6100:. New York: Continuum. p. 6087: 6061: 6007: 5978: 5950: 5922: 5869:Rizzo, Manuela (31 July 2015). 5862: 5836: 5808: 5782: 5756: 5730: 5699: 5673: 5615: 5583: 5539: 5505:Almanacco dei misteri d' Italia 5493: 5365: 5273: 5260: 5172:. Berghahn Books. p. 296. 5135:Political Institutions of Italy 5100: 5078: 4991: 4973: 4953:(Special Issue 1994): 529–537. 4938: 4910: 4875: 4848: 4821: 4804:"The 1985 Achille Lauro affair" 4766: 4730: 4702: 4682: 4664:"Biografia di Giulio Andreotti" 4656: 4630: 4602: 4574: 4522: 4502: 4444: 4415: 4382: 4366: 4336: 4319: 4290: 4264: 4238: 4229: 4204: 4169: 4126: 4098: 4069: 4055: 4040: 4014: 3955: 3801: 3771: 3744: 3619:Cornwell, Rupert (7 May 2013). 3419: 3379: 3339: 3299: 3259: 3219: 3179: 3139: 3099: 3059: 3017: 2968:, which tells the story of the 2420: 1136: 14755:European Democracy politicians 6041:Enquêtes sur la droite extrême 5929:Tagliabue, John (6 May 2013). 5444:Cowell, Alan (21 April 1993). 4581:Tonelli, Matteo (6 May 2013). 3997:"All the prime minister's men" 3638: 3612: 3586: 3567:Sassoon, Donald (6 May 2013). 3542:Senate of the Republic (Italy) 3509:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary 3496: 2778:, the head of Propaganda Due, 2263:United States would bomb Libya 1: 14805:Knights of the Holy Sepulchre 14785:Ministers of defence of Italy 5501:"Delitti 'politici' di mafia" 5034:The American Jewish Year Book 4698:(in Italian). Milan: Rizzoli. 4644:(in Italian). 24 October 1972 4297:Messina, Dino (2 July 2009). 4213:Film History: An Introduction 4135:Contemporary European History 3779:"Biografia: Giulio Andreotti" 3458: 3416:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3376:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3336:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3296:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3256:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3216:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3176:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3136:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3096:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3056:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 3014:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 2887:and terrorist massacres in a 2459:1994 Italian general election 2267:Berlin disco terrorist attack 2252:Italian colonization of Libya 1920:Second term as prime minister 1587:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 1575:Constituent Assembly of Italy 1005:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 976:Rome–Viterbo–Latina–Frosinone 13988:International Democrat Union 6155:Ide, Wendy (19 March 2009). 5877:(in Italian). Archived from 5714:(in Italian). Archived from 5599:(in Italian). Archived from 5528:(in Italian). Archived from 5507:. April 2002. Archived from 5477:(in Italian). Archived from 5415:Cowell, Alan (22 May 1994). 4389:De Lutiis, Giuseppe (1985). 3785:(in Italian). Archived from 3751:Gino Moliterno, ed. (2000). 3480:(in Italian). Archived from 2931:) or "The Devil himself" by 2903:Cover of the Italian weekly 2569:During the 16th term of the 2487:Democratic Party of the Left 2297:Third term as prime minister 2286:) opposing De Mita's power. 1794:First term as prime minister 1293:[ˈdʒuːljoandreˈɔtti] 7: 14003:Tradition, Family, Property 6599:Minister of State Holdings 6546:Minister of Foreign Affairs 6203:Political Science Quarterly 5628:La Gazzetta del Mezzogiorno 4947:Political Science Quarterly 4828:Heymann, Philip B. (2000). 4775:"Il Memoriale di Aldo Moro" 4718:(in Italian). 10 April 2013 4178:Political Science Quarterly 3569:"Giulio Andreotti obituary" 3446: 2972:, played by Marco Sincini. 2771:Nuclei Armati Rivoluzionari 2590:Trial for Mafia association 2537:Christian Democratic Centre 2500:Andreotti in the late 2000s 2475:Christian Democratic Centre 2360:European Union negotiations 2218: 2203:which had arrived with two 2177:Naval Air Station Sigonella 2082:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1688:in the first government of 1394:Minister of Foreign Affairs 1168:Sapienza University of Rome 360:Minister of Foreign Affairs 10: 14886: 14830:People acquitted of murder 14765:Foreign ministers of Italy 14760:Finance ministers of Italy 14375:Traditionalist Catholicism 6185:(Greenwood, 1995) pp 8–16. 6094:Bondanella, Peter (2004). 5196:The A to Z of Modern Italy 4670:(in Italian). 14 June 2017 3720:"Politics by Denunciation" 2807:Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa 2626:Carlo Alberto Dalla Chiesa 2541:United Christian Democrats 2477:and form an alliance with 2424: 2390:1992 presidential election 2175:, and directed to land at 2133:, as she was sailing from 2116:Palestine Liberation Front 2096: 2080:In 1983, Andreotti became 2011: 1823:, with the same 27% as in 1684:In 1954, Andreotti became 1680:Andreotti during the 1960s 1530:, Andreotti wrote for the 1448:, with a mark of 110/110. 1319:Beginning as a protégé of 311:Minister of State Holdings 14651: 14460: 14400: 14321: 14011: 13963: 13956: 13621: 13354: 13347: 13308: 13222: 13165: 13156: 13055: 13030: 12978: 12938: 12929: 12788: 12709: 12631: 12572: 12537: 12520:Italian school of elitism 12500: 12405: 12321: 12312: 12248: 12220: 12197: 12155: 12105: 12077: 12037: 12028: 11932: 11923: 11806: 11735: 11664: 11593: 11522: 11451: 11398: 11329: 10984: 10928: 10772: 10718: 10522: 10470: 10309: 10255: 10104: 10050: 9929: 9875: 9724: 9670: 9495: 9441: 9328: 9274: 9143: 9089: 8966: 8912: 8781: 8727: 8596: 8542: 8412: 8143: 8124: 7838: 7530: 7513: 7252: 6969: 6729: 6689: 6664: 6654: 6646: 6641: 6631: 6622: 6614: 6604: 6597: 6589: 6579: 6570: 6562: 6552: 6543: 6535: 6525: 6516: 6508: 6498: 6489: 6481: 6471: 6462: 6454: 6444: 6435: 6427: 6417: 6408: 6400: 6390: 6381: 6373: 6363: 6354: 6346: 6336: 6327: 6319: 6309: 6300: 6292: 6282: 6273: 6265: 6260: 5569:www.archivioantimafia.org 4882:Bosiljevac, T.L. (1990). 4480:; Stöver, Philip (2010). 4332:(in Italian). p. 15. 4147:10.1017/S0960777310000263 4021:Torresi, Tiziano (2010). 3940:The Sydney Morning Herald 3865:Kavanagh, Dennis (1998). 2997: 2994: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2728:with Sicilian Mafia boss 2453:After Christian Democracy 2274:at the Italian island of 1760:of the clandestine lodge 1660:Italian Olympic Committee 1598:Giovanni Battista Montini 1424:Background and attributes 1205: 1193: 1173: 1161: 1150: 1123: 1091: 1079: 1062: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1000: 989: 981: 971: 960: 952: 940: 927: 919: 915: 908: 904: 900: 896: 882: 872: 856: 845: 838: 826: 814: 800: 789: 782: 770: 758: 748: 737: 730: 720: 710: 698: 687: 680: 668: 658: 634: 623: 611: 601: 589: 578: 571: 559: 547: 535: 524: 517: 505: 495: 485: 474: 462: 452: 440: 429: 422: 410: 398: 376: 365: 358: 348: 338: 326: 315: 310: 298: 288: 276: 265: 258: 254: 247: 243: 231: 219: 209: 201: 190: 180: 168: 158: 144: 133: 121: 109: 97: 83: 72: 65: 61: 49: 23: 14850:Prime ministers of Italy 14695:Bancarella Prize winners 14540:Catholic social teaching 11792:Valerio Massimo Manfredi 11638:Pasquale Festa Campanile 6723:Prime Ministers of Italy 6668:Pasquale Festa Campanile 6303:Minister of the Interior 5985:Gancer, Daniele (2005). 5169:The Return of Berlusconi 5166:Bellucci, Paolo (2002). 4695:Intervista con la storia 4518:(in Italian). p. 1. 4458:(in Italian). 6 May 2013 4252:(in Italian). 7 May 2013 3833:Jessup, John E. (1998). 2624:and Carabinieri general 2524:leader of the movement. 2248:Second Italo-Senussi War 2201:United States Navy SEALs 2076:Foreign Affairs Minister 2045:in Moro's car and three 1991:On 28 January 1977, the 1833:Italian Republican Party 1686:Minister of the Interior 1374:Minister of the Interior 424:Minister of the Interior 14865:Burials at Campo Verano 14800:Italian Roman Catholics 14775:Italian anti-communists 14490:Conservative liberalism 13978:European People's Party 6573:Prime Minister of Italy 6519:Prime Minister of Italy 6438:Prime Minister of Italy 6240:a Paolo Sorrentino Film 6205:109#3 (1994): 529–537. 6047:-éditions. p. 89. 6014:Willan, Philip (1991). 4488:: Nomos. p. 1048. 4047:Orfei, Ruggero (1975). 3725:. University of Turin. 2970:Republic of Rose Island 2789:On 6 April 1993, Mafia 2380:Resignation and decline 2324:Italian Socialist Party 2129:liner off the coast of 2070:Italian Socialist Party 2014:Kidnapping of Aldo Moro 2008:Kidnapping of Aldo Moro 1981:Italian Social Movement 1946:Italian Communist Party 1938:Italian Socialist Party 1896:Andreotti was a strong 1649:Italian Social Movement 1549:, Ferruccio Pergolesi, 1396:(1983–1989), and was a 1355:statutes of limitations 1330:Italian Communist Party 1302:prime minister of Italy 1300:who served as the 41st 67:Prime Minister of Italy 56:Official portrait, 1987 13983:Identity and Democracy 13436: 12525: 12488: 12430: 12383: 12369: 12360: 12331: 11478:Paolo Caccia Dominioni 10935: 10725: 10262: 10057: 9882: 9677: 9448: 9281: 9096: 8919: 8734: 8549: 7457:Tommasi della Torretta 6981: 6741: 4456:Huffington Post Italia 4350:. 2013. Archived from 2920:The Godfather Part III 2910: 2872:to Rome gangsters the 2721: 2668:statute of limitations 2601: 2579:Pier Ferdinando Casini 2501: 2471:Pier Ferdinando Casini 2467:Italian People's Party 2306: 2232: 2111: 2026: 1972: 1944:saw the growth of the 1893: 1877: 1681: 1477: 1468:Early political career 1455:in the eye of another 1408:, "Divine Julius", an 1388:(1959–1966 and 1974), 1098:Italian People's Party 910:Parliamentary offices 14835:Politicians from Rome 14780:Italian life senators 14643:Small-c conservatives 14555:Counter-revolutionary 14545:Conservative feminism 14437:Counter-Enlightenment 14392:Traditionalist School 11508:Isaac Bashevis Singer 11496:Vincenzo Pappalettera 10934: 10765:Andreotti VII Cabinet 10724: 10261: 10056: 9881: 9676: 9447: 9280: 9095: 8959:Andreotti III Cabinet 8918: 8776:(March–November 1974) 8733: 8589:Andreotti II Cabinet 8548: 6980: 6740: 6404:Edgardo Lami Starnuti 6181:Wilsford, David, ed. 6039:Monzat, René (1992). 4808:F-14 Tomcat in Combat 4430:: Eranuova edizioni. 3995:(24 September 1995). 3647:International Affairs 2902: 2712: 2597: 2529:2001 general election 2499: 2443:1992 general election 2304: 2259:Abdel Rahman Shalgham 2226: 2160:"BeDevilers" and the 2106: 2021: 1966: 1928:in the government of 1883: 1867: 1679: 1488:(FUCI), the only non- 1475: 1370:ministerial positions 716:Edgardo Lami Starnuti 14513:Anti-gender movement 14417:Bourbon Restauration 12670:National Catholicism 12385:Révolution nationale 12350:Integral nationalism 11626:Luciano De Crescenzo 11413:Giovannino Guareschi 10515:Andreotti VI Cabinet 9136:Andreotti IV Cabinet 8407:(February–June 1972) 8405:Andreotti I Cabinet 6650:Luciano De Crescenzo 6618:Ferdinando Facchiano 6357:Minister of Treasury 6043:(in French). Paris: 5535:on 21 December 2009. 4422:Ruta, Carlo (1994). 3877:on 21 September 2013 3478:UDC official website 3009:Constituent Assembly 2874:Banda della Magliana 2776:Banda della Magliana 2758:Banda della Magliana 2716:'s dead body in his 2514:Christian democratic 2447:statutory time limit 2416:Later political life 1736:to be held in Rome. 1734:1960 Summer Olympics 1616:Influence on culture 1543:Paolo Emilio Taviani 1510:In July 1939, while 1442:Liceo Torquato Tasso 1382:Minister of Treasury 1338:European Social Fund 984:Constituent Assembly 732:Minister of Treasury 294:Ferdinando Facchiano 249:Ministerial offices 92:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 14655:Conservatism portal 14619:Right-wing politics 14358:Jewish conservatism 14331:Christian democracy 13578:Social institutions 13384:Collective identity 13379:Class collaboration 13187:Clerico-nationalism 12736:Muscular liberalism 12069:Neoauthoritarianism 11774:Gianrico Carofiglio 11330:Permanent President 10986:President-in-Office 9323:(March–August 1979) 9321:Andreotti V Cabinet 8721:Badini Confalonieri 7755:Terzi di Sant'Agata 6465:Minister of Defence 6384:Minister of Defence 6330:Minister of Finance 5848:The Daily Telegraph 5712:Corriere della Sera 5511:on 21 October 2007. 5481:on 28 February 2013 4782:ValerioLucarelli.it 4773:Moro, Aldo (1978). 4559:The Daily Telegraph 4329:Corriere della Sera 4304:Corriere della Sera 4276:Della Repubblica.it 4235:Vespa (2007), p.76. 4084:: Effatà Editrice. 4065:. July–August 1984. 3867:"Andreotti, Giulio" 3789:on 26 December 2004 3690:Il Fatto Quotidiano 3411:Chamber of Deputies 3371:Chamber of Deputies 3331:Chamber of Deputies 3291:Chamber of Deputies 3251:Chamber of Deputies 3211:Chamber of Deputies 3171:Chamber of Deputies 3131:Chamber of Deputies 3091:Chamber of Deputies 3051:Chamber of Deputies 2909:featuring Andreotti 2889:strategy of tension 2855:Conspiracy theories 2795:Gaetano Badalamenti 2730:Gaetano Badalamenti 2246:war film about the 2166:Carrier Air Wing 17 2099:Crisis of Sigonella 2068:, secretary of the 1958:Historic Compromise 1926:Minister of Defence 1910:Mediterranean Basin 1741:Minister of Defence 1604:in the province of 1583:Chamber of Deputies 1547:Giuseppe Capogrossi 1498:Christian Democracy 1386:Minister of Defence 1378:Minister of Finance 1310:Italian unification 1306:Christian Democracy 1116:Union of the Centre 1084:Christian Democracy 955:Chamber of Deputies 784:Minister of Finance 573:Minister of Defence 14575:LGBTQ conservatism 14528:Black conservatism 14442:German Romanticism 14432:Conservative Order 14422:Congress of Vienna 13998:Muslim Brotherhood 13844:Corrêa de Oliveira 13543:Organized religion 13472:Complementarianism 12559:National Democracy 11762:Alessandra Appiano 11721:Paco Ignacio Taibo 11685:Alberto Bevilacqua 11543:Alberto Bevilacqua 11466:André Schwarz-Bart 11460:Bonaventura Tecchi 11390:Recipients of the 10936: 10726: 10263: 10058: 9922:Fanfani VI Cabinet 9883: 9678: 9449: 9282: 9097: 8920: 8735: 8550: 7367:Starabba di Rudinì 6982: 6742: 6556:Gianni De Michelis 6394:Roberto Tremelloni 6323:Roberto Tremelloni 6261:Political offices 5936:The New York Times 5844:"Giulio Andreotti" 5824:. 30 November 2002 5795:The New York Times 5768:The New York Times 5743:The New York Times 5686:The New York Times 5450:The New York Times 5421:The New York Times 5403:Excellent Cadavers 5286:The New York Times 5256:(1). footnote 151. 5233:Excellent Cadavers 5065:The New York Times 4987:. 20 January 2016. 4668:Biografieonline.it 4610:"Giulio Andreotti" 4554:"Giulio Andreotti" 4272:"Il governo Pella" 3843:on 10 October 2017 3484:on 27 January 2012 2911: 2870:Valerio Fioravanti 2840:The New York Times 2784:Valerio Fioravanti 2722: 2683:Italian Penal Code 2675:Court of Cassation 2602: 2560:Sergio Pininfarina 2510:European Democracy 2502: 2307: 2243:Lion of the Desert 2233: 2112: 2027: 1998:European Community 1993:Italian Parliament 1987:Legislative action 1973: 1934:Minister of Budget 1894: 1878: 1682: 1532:Rivista del Lavoro 1482:University of Rome 1478: 1446:University of Rome 1436:, a small town in 1104:European Democracy 821:Roberto Tremelloni 675:Roberto Tremelloni 417:Gianni De Michelis 14667: 14666: 14550:Conservative wave 14503: 14502: 14427:Concert of Europe 14363:Religious Zionism 14317: 14316: 13952: 13951: 13389:Cultural heritage 13362:Ancestral worship 13343: 13342: 13304: 13303: 13152: 13151: 12970:Orthodox Peronism 12925: 12924: 12425:Historical School 12308: 12307: 11883: 11882: 11877: 11876: 11851:Margherita Oggero 11602:Maurice Denuzière 11585:Massimo Grillandi 11357: 11356: 11036:Giscard d'Estaing 10975:Presidents of the 10941: 10940: 10731: 10730: 10481: 10480: 10268: 10267: 10063: 10062: 9888: 9887: 9683: 9682: 9454: 9453: 9287: 9286: 9102: 9101: 8925: 8924: 8740: 8739: 8555: 8554: 8371: 8370: 7798: 7797: 7212: 7211: 6674: 6673: 6665:Succeeded by 6656:Recipient of the 6632:Succeeded by 6605:Succeeded by 6580:Succeeded by 6553:Succeeded by 6529:Francesco Cossiga 6526:Succeeded by 6499:Succeeded by 6472:Succeeded by 6445:Succeeded by 6418:Succeeded by 6391:Succeeded by 6367:Fernando Tambroni 6364:Succeeded by 6337:Succeeded by 6310:Succeeded by 6283:Succeeded by 6111:978-0-82641-544-8 6054:978-2-87899-040-9 6025:978-0-09470-590-6 6000:978-0-71468-500-7 5770:. 31 October 2003 5635:on 8 January 2016 5383:978-1-57181-840-9 5206:978-0-8108-7210-3 5179:978-1-57181-611-5 5145:978-0-19-928470-2 5118:978-9-05356-651-0 4903:978-0-8041-0722-8 4868:978-0-7881-4146-1 4841:978-0-26208-272-3 4759:978-0-89925-266-7 4495:978-3-8329-5609-7 4437:978-8-88541-205-7 4408:978-8-83592-690-0 4354:on 5 January 2019 4222:978-0-07338-613-3 4119:978-8-80456-382-2 4091:978-88-7402-301-1 4032:978-8-83081-032-7 3993:Stille, Alexander 3512:. Merriam-Webster 3444: 3443: 2976:Electoral history 2774:(NAR) and of the 2766:Massimo Carminati 2734:Massimo Carminati 2714:Carmine Pecorelli 2491:National Alliance 2479:Silvio Berlusconi 2463:Mino Martinazzoli 2374:Margaret Thatcher 2366:Maastricht Treaty 2354:Francesco Cossiga 2316:Silvio Berlusconi 2312:social democratic 2229:Silvio Berlusconi 2197:Italian Air Force 2189:Caspar Weinberger 1950:Enrico Berlinguer 1942:general elections 1579:Alcide De Gasperi 1563:Code of Camaldoli 1545:, Guido Gonella, 1505:Alcide De Gasperi 1476:Andreotti in 1946 1392:(1974–1976), and 1376:(1954 and 1978), 1321:Alcide De Gasperi 1209: 1208: 1010: 1009: 947:Francesco Cossiga 892: 891: 863:Alcide De Gasperi 777:Fernando Tambroni 645:Fernando Tambroni 458:Francesco Cossiga 186:Francesco Cossiga 88:Francesco Cossiga 14877: 14810:Knights of Malta 14680:Giulio Andreotti 14624:Authoritarianism 14485:Communitarianism 14480:Clerical fascism 14465: 14464: 14341:Theoconservatism 13961: 13960: 13764:Kuehnelt-Leddihn 13573:Social hierarchy 13558:Private property 13441: 13352: 13351: 13163: 13162: 12946:Federal Peronism 12936: 12935: 12620:Pochvennichestvo 12597:Black-hundredism 12530: 12515:Historical Right 12493: 12435: 12388: 12374: 12365: 12336: 12333:Action Française 12319: 12318: 12035: 12034: 11930: 11929: 11910: 11903: 11896: 11887: 11886: 11815:Elizabeth Strout 11756:Federico Audisio 11750:Andrea Camilleri 11744:Michael Connelly 11632:Giulio Andreotti 11620:Renato Barneschi 11502:Indro Montanelli 11443:Heinrich Gerlach 11407:Ernest Hemingway 11392:Bancarella Prize 11384: 11377: 11370: 11361: 11360: 10978:European Council 10968: 10961: 10954: 10945: 10944: 10758: 10751: 10744: 10735: 10734: 10508: 10501: 10494: 10485: 10484: 10476: 10295: 10288: 10281: 10272: 10271: 10090: 10083: 10076: 10067: 10066: 9915: 9908: 9901: 9892: 9891: 9717:Craxi II Cabinet 9710: 9703: 9696: 9687: 9686: 9481: 9474: 9467: 9458: 9457: 9314: 9307: 9300: 9291: 9290: 9129: 9122: 9115: 9106: 9105: 8952: 8945: 8938: 8929: 8928: 8767: 8760: 8753: 8744: 8743: 8582: 8575: 8568: 8559: 8558: 8398: 8391: 8384: 8375: 8374: 8145:Italian Republic 8138: 8132: 8131: 7840:Kingdom of Italy 7825: 7818: 7811: 7802: 7801: 7780:Moavero Milanesi 7532:Italian Republic 7525: 7519: 7432:Paternò Castello 7412:Paternò Castello 7397:Visconti-Venosta 7307:Visconti-Venosta 7292:Visconti-Venosta 7282:Visconti-Venosta 7254:Kingdom of Italy 7239: 7232: 7225: 7216: 7215: 6971:Italian Republic 6731:Kingdom of Italy 6716: 6709: 6702: 6693: 6692: 6684:Giulio Andreotti 6680: 6679: 6658:Bancarella Price 6647:Preceded by 6615:Preceded by 6608:Giuseppe Guarino 6590:Preceded by 6563:Preceded by 6536:Preceded by 6509:Preceded by 6485:Antonio Giolitti 6482:Preceded by 6455:Preceded by 6428:Preceded by 6401:Preceded by 6374:Preceded by 6347:Preceded by 6320:Preceded by 6296:Amintore Fanfani 6293:Preceded by 6266:Preceded by 6258: 6257: 6254: 6234: 6191: 6169: 6168: 6163:. 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4190:10.2307/2146031 4174: 4170: 4131: 4127: 4120: 4103: 4099: 4092: 4074: 4070: 4061: 4060: 4056: 4045: 4041: 4033: 4019: 4015: 4005: 4003: 4001:The Independent 3990: 3983: 3960: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3933: 3932: 3925: 3915: 3913: 3901: 3890: 3880: 3878: 3863: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3831: 3824: 3814: 3812: 3807: 3806: 3802: 3792: 3790: 3777: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3749: 3745: 3735: 3733: 3722: 3716: 3709: 3696: 3694: 3681: 3674: 3659:10.2307/2616553 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3625:The Independent 3617: 3613: 3603: 3601: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3577: 3575: 3565: 3558: 3548: 3546: 3535: 3534: 3525: 3515: 3513: 3502: 3501: 3497: 3487: 3485: 3470: 3466: 3461: 3449: 3435: 3431: 3395: 3391: 3355: 3351: 3315: 3311: 3275: 3271: 3235: 3231: 3195: 3191: 3155: 3151: 3115: 3111: 3075: 3071: 3034: 3030: 3028: 2978: 2897: 2857: 2849:Gianni Alemanno 2831: 2819: 2761: 2707: 2657: 2618:Salvatore Riina 2592: 2587: 2556:Massimo D'Alema 2455: 2429: 2423: 2418: 2382: 2362: 2299: 2284:Arnaldo Forlani 2280:Ciriaco De Mita 2227:Andreotti with 2221: 2143:Muhammad Zaidan 2101: 2095: 2078: 2022:Andreotti with 2016: 2010: 1989: 1922: 1884:Andreotti with 1868:Andreotti with 1862: 1841: 1839:Social policies 1821:Communist Party 1817:Arnaldo Forlani 1806:confidence vote 1796: 1664:Italian Serie A 1644: 1642:1950s and 1960s 1618: 1571: 1559:Giuseppe Medici 1555:Giorgio La Pira 1470: 1426: 1288: 1281: 1277: 1239: 1230: 1229: 1214: 1189: 1146: 1134: 1130: 1118: 1114: 1112: 1108: 1106: 1102: 1100: 1093: 1092:Other political 1086: 1080:Political party 1071: 1067: 1051: 1050:14 January 1919 1045: 1043: 995: 990: 966: 961: 941: 935: 928: 911: 883: 873: 865: 857: 851: 846: 827: 815: 807: 801: 795: 790: 771: 765:Giuseppe Medici 759: 749: 743: 738: 721: 711: 705: 699: 693: 688: 669: 659: 653: 649: 647: 643: 635: 629: 624: 618:Arnaldo Forlani 612: 602: 590: 584: 579: 566:Tommaso Morlino 560: 548: 536: 530: 525: 506: 496: 486: 480: 475: 463: 453: 441: 435: 430: 411: 399: 394:Ciriaco De Mita 393: 389: 385: 377: 371: 366: 349: 339: 327: 321: 316: 305:Alberto Ronchey 299: 289: 277: 271: 266: 250: 232: 220: 196: 191: 181: 169: 151: 139: 134: 122: 116:Ciriaco De Mita 110: 90: 78: 73: 57: 45: 31: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 14883: 14873: 14872: 14867: 14862: 14857: 14852: 14847: 14842: 14837: 14832: 14827: 14822: 14817: 14812: 14807: 14802: 14797: 14792: 14787: 14782: 14777: 14772: 14767: 14762: 14757: 14752: 14747: 14742: 14737: 14732: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14687: 14682: 14665: 14664: 14662: 14657: 14652: 14649: 14648: 14646: 14645: 14640: 14639: 14638: 14637: 14636: 14626: 14616: 14611: 14610: 14609: 14599: 14598: 14597: 14592: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14567: 14565:Ethnopluralism 14562: 14557: 14552: 14547: 14542: 14537: 14536: 14535: 14525: 14520: 14515: 14510: 14508:Anti-communism 14504: 14501: 14500: 14498: 14497: 14492: 14487: 14482: 14477: 14471: 14469: 14462: 14458: 14457: 14455: 14454: 14452:Ultra-royalism 14449: 14444: 14439: 14434: 14429: 14424: 14419: 14414: 14406: 14404: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14394: 14389: 14388: 14387: 14385:Ultramontanism 14382: 14372: 14367: 14366: 14365: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14344: 14343: 14333: 14327: 14325: 14319: 14318: 14315: 14314: 14312: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14296: 14291: 14286: 14281: 14276: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14226: 14221: 14216: 14211: 14206: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14186: 14181: 14176: 14171: 14166: 14161: 14156: 14151: 14146: 14141: 14136: 14131: 14126: 14121: 14116: 14111: 14106: 14101: 14096: 14091: 14086: 14081: 14076: 14071: 14066: 14061: 14056: 14051: 14046: 14041: 14036: 14031: 14026: 14021: 14015: 14013: 14009: 14008: 14006: 14005: 14000: 13995: 13990: 13985: 13980: 13975: 13969: 13967: 13958: 13954: 13953: 13950: 13949: 13947: 13946: 13941: 13936: 13931: 13926: 13921: 13916: 13911: 13906: 13901: 13896: 13891: 13886: 13881: 13876: 13871: 13866: 13861: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13841: 13836: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13816: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13796: 13791: 13786: 13781: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13761: 13756: 13751: 13746: 13741: 13736: 13731: 13726: 13721: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13686: 13681: 13676: 13671: 13666: 13661: 13656: 13651: 13646: 13641: 13636: 13631: 13625: 13623: 13619: 13618: 13616: 13615: 13610: 13605: 13600: 13598:State religion 13595: 13590: 13585: 13580: 13575: 13570: 13565: 13560: 13555: 13550: 13545: 13540: 13535: 13530: 13529: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13508: 13503: 13502: 13501: 13491: 13486: 13481: 13476: 13475: 13474: 13464: 13462:Fundamentalism 13459: 13454: 13449: 13444: 13443: 13442: 13433: 13428: 13418: 13413: 13408: 13407: 13406: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13375: 13374: 13364: 13358: 13356: 13349: 13345: 13344: 13341: 13340: 13338: 13337: 13332: 13331: 13330: 13328:National Right 13325: 13314: 13312: 13306: 13305: 13302: 13301: 13299: 13298: 13293: 13291:Traditionalist 13288: 13283: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13263: 13258: 13257: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13236: 13230: 13228: 13220: 13219: 13217: 13216: 13215: 13214: 13209: 13204: 13194: 13189: 13184: 13183: 13182: 13171: 13169: 13160: 13154: 13153: 13150: 13149: 13147: 13146: 13145: 13144: 13141:Perezjimenismo 13134: 13133: 13132: 13124: 13123: 13122: 13114: 13104: 13099: 13094: 13089: 13084: 13083: 13082: 13077: 13065: 13059: 13057: 13053: 13052: 13050: 13049: 13044: 13036: 13034: 13028: 13027: 13025: 13024: 13019: 13018: 13017: 13007: 13000: 12995: 12990: 12984: 12982: 12976: 12975: 12973: 12972: 12967: 12960: 12955: 12948: 12942: 12940: 12933: 12927: 12926: 12923: 12922: 12920: 12919: 12914: 12909: 12904: 12903: 12902: 12892: 12891: 12890: 12882: 12881: 12880: 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12846: 12845: 12840: 12830: 12829: 12828: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12809: 12808: 12798: 12792: 12790: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12782: 12781: 12780: 12775: 12770: 12760: 12755: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12739: 12738: 12728: 12723: 12717: 12715: 12707: 12706: 12704: 12703: 12696: 12694:Neocatholicism 12691: 12686: 12679: 12674: 12673: 12672: 12662: 12661: 12660: 12655: 12643: 12637: 12635: 12629: 12628: 12626: 12625: 12624: 12623: 12611: 12606: 12605: 12604: 12599: 12589: 12584: 12578: 12576: 12570: 12569: 12567: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12549: 12547:Golden Liberty 12543: 12541: 12535: 12534: 12532: 12531: 12522: 12517: 12512: 12506: 12504: 12498: 12497: 12495: 12494: 12485: 12480: 12475: 12470: 12469: 12468: 12458: 12457: 12456: 12451: 12441: 12439:Ordoliberalism 12436: 12427: 12422: 12417: 12411: 12409: 12403: 12402: 12400: 12399: 12397:Ultra-royalism 12394: 12389: 12380: 12375: 12366: 12357: 12352: 12347: 12342: 12337: 12327: 12325: 12316: 12310: 12309: 12306: 12305: 12303: 12302: 12301: 12300: 12290: 12285: 12284: 12283: 12273: 12268: 12263: 12258: 12252: 12250: 12246: 12245: 12243: 12242: 12240:Neo-Ottomanism 12237: 12232: 12226: 12224: 12218: 12217: 12215: 12214: 12209: 12203: 12201: 12195: 12194: 12192: 12191: 12186: 12181: 12174: 12169: 12161: 12159: 12153: 12152: 12150: 12149: 12148: 12147: 12142: 12137: 12127: 12122: 12117: 12115:Fundamentalist 12111: 12109: 12103: 12102: 12100: 12099: 12094: 12089: 12083: 12081: 12075: 12074: 12072: 12071: 12066: 12065: 12064: 12059: 12049: 12043: 12041: 12032: 12026: 12025: 12023: 12022: 12017: 12015:Traditionalist 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11987: 11982: 11977: 11972: 11967: 11962: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11936: 11934: 11927: 11921: 11920: 11913: 11912: 11905: 11898: 11890: 11881: 11880: 11875: 11874: 11872: 11871: 11865: 11859: 11857:Matteo Strukul 11853: 11847: 11841: 11835: 11829: 11823: 11817: 11810: 11808: 11804: 11803: 11801: 11800: 11798:Donato Carrisi 11794: 11788: 11782: 11776: 11770: 11764: 11758: 11752: 11746: 11739: 11737: 11733: 11732: 11730: 11729: 11723: 11717: 11711: 11709:Stefano Zecchi 11705: 11699: 11693: 11687: 11681: 11675: 11668: 11666: 11662: 11661: 11659: 11658: 11652: 11646: 11640: 11634: 11628: 11622: 11616: 11610: 11604: 11597: 11595: 11591: 11590: 11588: 11587: 11581: 11575: 11569: 11563: 11557: 11555:Giuseppe Berto 11551: 11545: 11539: 11533: 11531:Oriana Fallaci 11526: 11524: 11520: 11519: 11517: 11516: 11514:Peter Colosimo 11510: 11504: 11498: 11492: 11486: 11480: 11474: 11472:Cornelius Ryan 11468: 11462: 11455: 11453: 11449: 11448: 11446: 11445: 11439: 11433: 11427: 11421: 11415: 11409: 11402: 11400: 11396: 11395: 11387: 11386: 11379: 11372: 11364: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11335: 11333: 11327: 11326: 11324: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11273: 11268: 11263: 11258: 11253: 11248: 11246:Fogh Rasmussen 11243: 11238: 11233: 11228: 11223: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11178: 11173: 11168: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11128: 11123: 11118: 11113: 11108: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11078: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11048: 11043: 11038: 11033: 11028: 11023: 11018: 11013: 11008: 11003: 10998: 10992: 10990: 10982: 10981: 10971: 10970: 10963: 10956: 10948: 10939: 10938: 10929: 10927: 10925: 10924: 10922:Vito Lattanzio 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10879: 10874: 10869: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10839: 10834: 10829: 10824: 10819: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10773: 10770: 10769: 10761: 10760: 10753: 10746: 10738: 10729: 10728: 10719: 10717: 10715: 10714: 10709: 10704: 10699: 10694: 10689: 10684: 10679: 10674: 10669: 10664: 10659: 10654: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10589: 10584: 10579: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10547:Vito Lattanzio 10544: 10539: 10534: 10529: 10523: 10520: 10519: 10511: 10510: 10503: 10496: 10488: 10479: 10478: 10471: 10469: 10467: 10466: 10461: 10456: 10451: 10446: 10441: 10436: 10431: 10426: 10421: 10416: 10411: 10406: 10401: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10366: 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10329:Vito Lattanzio 10326: 10321: 10316: 10310: 10307: 10306: 10298: 10297: 10290: 10283: 10275: 10266: 10265: 10256: 10254: 10252: 10251: 10246: 10241: 10236: 10231: 10226: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10191: 10186: 10181: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10156: 10151: 10146: 10141: 10136: 10131: 10126: 10121: 10116: 10111: 10105: 10102: 10101: 10093: 10092: 10085: 10078: 10070: 10061: 10060: 10051: 10049: 10047: 10046: 10041: 10036: 10031: 10026: 10021: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9930: 9927: 9926: 9918: 9917: 9910: 9903: 9895: 9886: 9885: 9876: 9874: 9872: 9871: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9816: 9811: 9806: 9801: 9796: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9736: 9731: 9725: 9722: 9721: 9713: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9690: 9681: 9680: 9671: 9669: 9667: 9666: 9661: 9656: 9651: 9646: 9641: 9636: 9631: 9626: 9621: 9616: 9611: 9606: 9601: 9596: 9591: 9586: 9573: 9568: 9563: 9558: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9541:Valerio Zanone 9534: 9525: 9516: 9511: 9502: 9496: 9493: 9492: 9484: 9483: 9476: 9469: 9461: 9452: 9451: 9442: 9440: 9438: 9437: 9432: 9427: 9422: 9417: 9409: 9404: 9399: 9394: 9389: 9384: 9379: 9374: 9369: 9364: 9359: 9350: 9345: 9340: 9335: 9329: 9326: 9325: 9317: 9316: 9309: 9302: 9294: 9285: 9284: 9275: 9273: 9271: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9241: 9236: 9231: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9155: 9150: 9144: 9141: 9140: 9132: 9131: 9124: 9117: 9109: 9100: 9099: 9090: 9088: 9086: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9070: 9065: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9006:Vito Lattanzio 9003: 8998: 8993: 8988: 8983: 8978: 8973: 8967: 8964: 8963: 8955: 8954: 8947: 8940: 8932: 8923: 8922: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8908: 8903: 8898: 8893: 8888: 8883: 8878: 8873: 8868: 8863: 8858: 8853: 8848: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8828: 8823: 8818: 8813: 8808: 8803: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8770: 8769: 8762: 8755: 8747: 8738: 8737: 8728: 8726: 8724: 8723: 8718: 8713: 8708: 8703: 8698: 8693: 8688: 8683: 8678: 8673: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8643: 8638: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8608: 8603: 8597: 8594: 8593: 8585: 8584: 8577: 8570: 8562: 8553: 8552: 8543: 8541: 8539: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8514: 8509: 8504: 8499: 8494: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8413: 8410: 8409: 8401: 8400: 8393: 8386: 8378: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8310: 8305: 8300: 8295: 8290: 8285: 8280: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8230: 8225: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8200: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8180: 8175: 8170: 8165: 8160: 8155: 8149: 8147: 8141: 8140: 8125: 8123: 8121: 8120: 8115: 8110: 8105: 8100: 8095: 8090: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8070: 8065: 8060: 8055: 8050: 8045: 8040: 8035: 8030: 8025: 8020: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7990: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7945: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7844: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7828: 7827: 7820: 7813: 7805: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7792: 7787: 7782: 7777: 7772: 7767: 7762: 7757: 7752: 7747: 7742: 7737: 7732: 7727: 7722: 7717: 7712: 7707: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7647: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7627: 7622: 7617: 7612: 7607: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7562: 7557: 7552: 7547: 7542: 7536: 7534: 7528: 7527: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7509: 7504: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7484: 7479: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7459: 7454: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7434: 7429: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7258: 7256: 7250: 7249: 7242: 7241: 7234: 7227: 7219: 7210: 7209: 7207: 7202: 7197: 7192: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7172: 7167: 7162: 7157: 7152: 7147: 7142: 7137: 7132: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7112: 7107: 7102: 7097: 7092: 7087: 7082: 7077: 7072: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7037: 7032: 7027: 7022: 7017: 7012: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6992: 6987: 6975: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6898: 6893: 6888: 6883: 6878: 6873: 6868: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6735: 6733: 6727: 6726: 6719: 6718: 6711: 6704: 6696: 6690: 6687: 6686: 6672: 6671: 6666: 6663: 6653: 6648: 6644: 6643: 6639: 6638: 6633: 6630: 6621: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6606: 6603: 6596: 6591: 6587: 6586: 6583:Giuliano Amato 6581: 6578: 6569: 6564: 6560: 6559: 6554: 6551: 6542: 6539:Emilio Colombo 6537: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6524: 6515: 6510: 6506: 6505: 6500: 6497: 6488: 6483: 6479: 6478: 6473: 6470: 6461: 6456: 6452: 6451: 6446: 6443: 6434: 6431:Emilio Colombo 6429: 6425: 6424: 6419: 6416: 6407: 6402: 6398: 6397: 6392: 6389: 6380: 6375: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6362: 6353: 6348: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6335: 6326: 6321: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6308: 6299: 6294: 6290: 6289: 6284: 6281: 6272: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6256: 6255: 6241: 6235: 6214: 6213:External links 6211: 6210: 6209: 6197: 6194: 6193: 6192: 6186: 6177: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6167:on 9 May 2009. 6147: 6117: 6110: 6086: 6060: 6053: 6031: 6024: 6006: 5999: 5993:. p. 24. 5989:. London, UK: 5977: 5949: 5921: 5892: 5861: 5835: 5807: 5781: 5755: 5729: 5718:on 12 May 2011 5698: 5672: 5646: 5614: 5582: 5553: 5538: 5514: 5492: 5462: 5433: 5407: 5389: 5382: 5364: 5330: 5298: 5272: 5266:John Follain, 5259: 5237: 5224: 5212: 5205: 5185: 5178: 5158: 5144: 5124: 5117: 5099: 5077: 5051: 5021: 4990: 4972: 4937: 4909: 4902: 4874: 4867: 4847: 4840: 4820: 4795: 4765: 4758: 4740:, ed. (1986). 4729: 4701: 4681: 4655: 4629: 4601: 4573: 4540: 4521: 4501: 4494: 4478:Nohlen, Dieter 4469: 4443: 4436: 4426:(in Italian). 4414: 4407: 4393:(in Italian). 4381: 4365: 4335: 4318: 4289: 4263: 4237: 4228: 4221: 4203: 4184:(4): 566–589. 4168: 4141:(4): 331–349. 4125: 4118: 4097: 4090: 4080:(in Italian). 4068: 4054: 4039: 4031: 4013: 3981: 3954: 3923: 3888: 3854: 3822: 3800: 3783:De Gasperi.net 3770: 3763: 3743: 3707: 3672: 3653:(3): 400–416. 3637: 3611: 3585: 3556: 3523: 3495: 3463: 3462: 3460: 3457: 3456: 3455: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3441: 3428: 3425: 3420: 3418: 3413: 3408: 3402: 3401: 3388: 3385: 3380: 3378: 3373: 3368: 3362: 3361: 3348: 3345: 3340: 3338: 3333: 3328: 3322: 3321: 3308: 3305: 3300: 3298: 3293: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3268: 3265: 3260: 3258: 3253: 3248: 3242: 3241: 3228: 3225: 3220: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3202: 3201: 3188: 3185: 3180: 3178: 3173: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3148: 3145: 3140: 3138: 3133: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3108: 3105: 3100: 3098: 3093: 3088: 3082: 3081: 3068: 3065: 3060: 3058: 3053: 3048: 3042: 3041: 3026: 3023: 3018: 3016: 3011: 3006: 3000: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2977: 2974: 2896: 2893: 2865:Propaganda Due 2861:éminence grise 2856: 2853: 2830: 2827: 2818: 2815: 2738:Mino Pecorelli 2706: 2703: 2698: 2697: 2694: 2656: 2653: 2606:Salvatore Lima 2599:Salvatore Lima 2591: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2481:'s new party, 2454: 2451: 2425:Main article: 2422: 2419: 2417: 2414: 2381: 2378: 2361: 2358: 2298: 2295: 2220: 2217: 2164:"Sluggers" of 2097:Main article: 2094: 2091: 2077: 2074: 2012:Main article: 2009: 2006: 1988: 1985: 1921: 1918: 1861: 1860:Foreign policy 1858: 1845:price controls 1840: 1837: 1801:éminence grise 1795: 1792: 1781:William Harvey 1777:Vernon Walters 1762:Propaganda Due 1710:Piero Piccioni 1671:Giuseppe Pella 1643: 1640: 1617: 1614: 1570: 1567: 1551:Vittore Branca 1469: 1466: 1425: 1422: 1325:European Union 1314:First Republic 1207: 1206: 1203: 1202: 1195: 1191: 1190: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1152: 1148: 1147: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1120: 1095: 1089: 1088: 1081: 1077: 1076: 1070:(aged 94) 1064: 1060: 1059: 1041: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1023: 1020: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1002: 998: 997: 987: 986: 982:Member of the 979: 978: 973: 969: 968: 958: 957: 953:Member of the 950: 949: 944: 938: 937: 925: 924: 920:Member of the 917: 916: 913: 912: 909: 902: 901: 898: 897: 894: 893: 890: 889: 886: 880: 879: 876: 870: 869: 867:Giuseppe Pella 860: 858:Prime Minister 854: 853: 843: 842: 836: 835: 830: 824: 823: 818: 812: 811: 804: 802:Prime Minister 798: 797: 787: 786: 780: 779: 774: 768: 767: 762: 756: 755: 752: 750:Prime Minister 746: 745: 735: 734: 728: 727: 724: 718: 717: 714: 708: 707: 706:Giovanni Leone 702: 700:Prime Minister 696: 695: 685: 684: 678: 677: 672: 666: 665: 662: 656: 655: 651:Giovanni Leone 638: 636:Prime Minister 632: 631: 621: 620: 615: 609: 608: 605: 599: 598: 593: 591:Prime Minister 587: 586: 576: 575: 569: 568: 563: 557: 556: 551: 545: 544: 539: 537:Prime Minister 533: 532: 522: 521: 515: 514: 509: 503: 502: 499: 493: 492: 489: 487:Prime Minister 483: 482: 472: 471: 466: 460: 459: 456: 450: 449: 444: 442:Prime Minister 438: 437: 427: 426: 420: 419: 414: 408: 407: 405:Emilio Colombo 402: 396: 395: 391:Giovanni Goria 380: 378:Prime Minister 374: 373: 363: 362: 356: 355: 352: 346: 345: 342: 336: 335: 330: 328:Prime Minister 324: 323: 313: 312: 308: 307: 302: 296: 295: 292: 286: 285: 280: 278:Prime Minister 274: 273: 263: 262: 256: 255: 252: 251: 248: 241: 240: 235: 229: 228: 226:Emilio Colombo 223: 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 205:Giovanni Leone 203: 199: 198: 188: 187: 184: 178: 177: 172: 166: 165: 160: 156: 155: 153:Sandro Pertini 149:Giovanni Leone 146: 142: 141: 131: 130: 128:Giuliano Amato 125: 119: 118: 113: 107: 106: 101: 95: 94: 85: 81: 80: 70: 69: 63: 62: 59: 58: 55: 47: 46: 32: 29: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14882: 14871: 14868: 14866: 14863: 14861: 14858: 14856: 14853: 14851: 14848: 14846: 14843: 14841: 14838: 14836: 14833: 14831: 14828: 14826: 14823: 14821: 14818: 14816: 14813: 14811: 14808: 14806: 14803: 14801: 14798: 14796: 14793: 14791: 14788: 14786: 14783: 14781: 14778: 14776: 14773: 14771: 14768: 14766: 14763: 14761: 14758: 14756: 14753: 14751: 14748: 14746: 14743: 14741: 14738: 14736: 14733: 14731: 14728: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14686: 14683: 14681: 14678: 14677: 14675: 14661: 14658: 14656: 14653: 14650: 14644: 14641: 14635: 14632: 14631: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14621: 14620: 14617: 14615: 14614:Right realism 14612: 14608: 14605: 14604: 14603: 14600: 14596: 14595:United States 14593: 14591: 14588: 14587: 14586: 14585:Radical right 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14561: 14558: 14556: 14553: 14551: 14548: 14546: 14543: 14541: 14538: 14534: 14533:United States 14531: 14530: 14529: 14526: 14524: 14521: 14519: 14516: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14505: 14496: 14493: 14491: 14488: 14486: 14483: 14481: 14478: 14476: 14473: 14472: 14470: 14466: 14463: 14459: 14453: 14450: 14448: 14447:Holy Alliance 14445: 14443: 14440: 14438: 14435: 14433: 14430: 14428: 14425: 14423: 14420: 14418: 14415: 14413: 14412: 14411:Ancien régime 14408: 14407: 14405: 14399: 14393: 14390: 14386: 14383: 14381: 14378: 14377: 14376: 14373: 14371: 14368: 14364: 14361: 14360: 14359: 14356: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14342: 14339: 14338: 14337: 14334: 14332: 14329: 14328: 14326: 14324: 14320: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14285: 14282: 14280: 14277: 14275: 14272: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14225: 14222: 14220: 14219:Pérez Jiménez 14217: 14215: 14212: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14185: 14182: 14180: 14177: 14175: 14172: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14157: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14140: 14137: 14135: 14132: 14130: 14127: 14125: 14122: 14120: 14117: 14115: 14112: 14110: 14107: 14105: 14102: 14100: 14097: 14095: 14092: 14090: 14087: 14085: 14082: 14080: 14077: 14075: 14072: 14070: 14067: 14065: 14062: 14060: 14057: 14055: 14052: 14050: 14047: 14045: 14042: 14040: 14037: 14035: 14032: 14030: 14027: 14025: 14022: 14020: 14017: 14016: 14014: 14010: 14004: 14001: 13999: 13996: 13994: 13991: 13989: 13986: 13984: 13981: 13979: 13976: 13974: 13971: 13970: 13968: 13966: 13965:Organisations 13962: 13959: 13955: 13945: 13942: 13940: 13937: 13935: 13932: 13930: 13927: 13925: 13922: 13920: 13917: 13915: 13912: 13910: 13907: 13905: 13902: 13900: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13890: 13887: 13885: 13882: 13880: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13870: 13867: 13865: 13862: 13860: 13857: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13840: 13837: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13822: 13820: 13817: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13795: 13792: 13790: 13787: 13785: 13782: 13780: 13777: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13760: 13757: 13755: 13752: 13750: 13747: 13745: 13742: 13740: 13737: 13735: 13732: 13730: 13727: 13725: 13722: 13720: 13717: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13680: 13677: 13675: 13672: 13670: 13669:Chateaubriand 13667: 13665: 13662: 13660: 13657: 13655: 13652: 13650: 13647: 13645: 13642: 13640: 13637: 13635: 13632: 13630: 13627: 13626: 13624: 13622:Intellectuals 13620: 13614: 13611: 13609: 13606: 13604: 13601: 13599: 13596: 13594: 13591: 13589: 13586: 13584: 13581: 13579: 13576: 13574: 13571: 13569: 13566: 13564: 13561: 13559: 13556: 13554: 13551: 13549: 13546: 13544: 13541: 13539: 13536: 13534: 13531: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13513: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13500: 13497: 13496: 13495: 13492: 13490: 13487: 13485: 13482: 13480: 13477: 13473: 13470: 13469: 13468: 13465: 13463: 13460: 13458: 13457:Family values 13455: 13453: 13450: 13448: 13447:Ethical order 13445: 13440: 13439: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13423: 13422: 13419: 13417: 13414: 13412: 13409: 13405: 13402: 13401: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13377: 13373: 13370: 13369: 13368: 13365: 13363: 13360: 13359: 13357: 13353: 13350: 13346: 13336: 13333: 13329: 13326: 13324: 13321: 13320: 13319: 13316: 13315: 13313: 13311: 13307: 13297: 13294: 13292: 13289: 13287: 13284: 13282: 13279: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13267: 13264: 13262: 13259: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13241: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13234:Compassionate 13232: 13231: 13229: 13227: 13221: 13213: 13210: 13208: 13205: 13203: 13200: 13199: 13198: 13195: 13193: 13190: 13188: 13185: 13181: 13178: 13177: 13176: 13173: 13172: 13170: 13168: 13164: 13161: 13159: 13158:North America 13155: 13143: 13142: 13138: 13137: 13135: 13131: 13128: 13127: 13125: 13121: 13120: 13115: 13113: 13110: 13109: 13108: 13105: 13103: 13100: 13098: 13095: 13093: 13090: 13088: 13085: 13081: 13078: 13076: 13075: 13071: 13070: 13069: 13066: 13064: 13061: 13060: 13058: 13054: 13048: 13045: 13043: 13042: 13038: 13037: 13035: 13033: 13029: 13023: 13020: 13016: 13013: 13012: 13011: 13008: 13006: 13005: 13001: 12999: 12996: 12994: 12991: 12989: 12986: 12985: 12983: 12981: 12977: 12971: 12968: 12966: 12965: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12954: 12953: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12943: 12941: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12931:Latin America 12928: 12918: 12915: 12913: 12910: 12908: 12905: 12901: 12898: 12897: 12896: 12893: 12889: 12886: 12885: 12883: 12879: 12876: 12875: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12844: 12841: 12839: 12836: 12835: 12834: 12831: 12827: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12807: 12804: 12803: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12793: 12791: 12787: 12779: 12776: 12774: 12771: 12769: 12766: 12765: 12764: 12761: 12759: 12756: 12754: 12751: 12749: 12748:One-nationism 12746: 12744: 12741: 12737: 12734: 12733: 12732: 12731:Compassionate 12729: 12727: 12724: 12722: 12719: 12718: 12716: 12714: 12708: 12702: 12701: 12697: 12695: 12692: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12684: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12671: 12668: 12667: 12666: 12663: 12659: 12656: 12654: 12653: 12652:Carloctavismo 12649: 12648: 12647: 12644: 12642: 12639: 12638: 12636: 12634: 12630: 12622: 12621: 12617: 12616: 12615: 12612: 12610: 12607: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12594: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12579: 12577: 12575: 12571: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12555: 12554: 12550: 12548: 12545: 12544: 12542: 12540: 12536: 12529: 12528: 12523: 12521: 12518: 12516: 12513: 12511: 12508: 12507: 12505: 12503: 12499: 12492: 12491: 12486: 12484: 12481: 12479: 12476: 12474: 12473:Ritter School 12471: 12467: 12464: 12463: 12462: 12461:Revolutionary 12459: 12455: 12452: 12450: 12447: 12446: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12434: 12433: 12428: 12426: 12423: 12421: 12418: 12416: 12413: 12412: 12410: 12408: 12404: 12398: 12395: 12393: 12390: 12387: 12386: 12381: 12379: 12376: 12373: 12372: 12367: 12364: 12363: 12358: 12356: 12353: 12351: 12348: 12346: 12343: 12341: 12338: 12335: 12334: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12324: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12311: 12299: 12296: 12295: 12294: 12291: 12289: 12286: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12277: 12274: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12253: 12251: 12247: 12241: 12238: 12236: 12233: 12231: 12228: 12227: 12225: 12223: 12219: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12204: 12202: 12200: 12196: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12184:Shōwa Statism 12182: 12180: 12179: 12175: 12173: 12170: 12168: 12167: 12163: 12162: 12160: 12158: 12154: 12146: 12143: 12141: 12138: 12136: 12133: 12132: 12131: 12128: 12126: 12123: 12121: 12118: 12116: 12113: 12112: 12110: 12108: 12104: 12098: 12095: 12093: 12090: 12088: 12085: 12084: 12082: 12080: 12076: 12070: 12067: 12063: 12060: 12058: 12055: 12054: 12053: 12050: 12048: 12045: 12044: 12042: 12040: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12027: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11986: 11983: 11981: 11980:Paternalistic 11978: 11976: 11973: 11971: 11968: 11966: 11963: 11961: 11958: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11940:Authoritarian 11938: 11937: 11935: 11933:International 11931: 11928: 11922: 11918: 11911: 11906: 11904: 11899: 11897: 11892: 11891: 11888: 11870: 11866: 11864: 11860: 11858: 11854: 11852: 11848: 11846: 11842: 11840: 11836: 11834: 11830: 11828: 11824: 11822: 11818: 11816: 11812: 11811: 11809: 11805: 11799: 11795: 11793: 11789: 11787: 11783: 11781: 11780:Andrea Vitali 11777: 11775: 11771: 11769: 11765: 11763: 11759: 11757: 11753: 11751: 11747: 11745: 11741: 11740: 11738: 11734: 11728: 11724: 11722: 11718: 11716: 11712: 11710: 11706: 11704: 11700: 11698: 11694: 11692: 11691:Carmen Covito 11688: 11686: 11682: 11680: 11676: 11674: 11670: 11669: 11667: 11663: 11657: 11653: 11651: 11650:Cesare Marchi 11647: 11645: 11641: 11639: 11635: 11633: 11629: 11627: 11623: 11621: 11617: 11615: 11614:Gary Jennings 11611: 11609: 11608:Sergio Zavoli 11605: 11603: 11599: 11598: 11596: 11592: 11586: 11582: 11580: 11576: 11574: 11570: 11568: 11567:Carlo Cassola 11564: 11562: 11558: 11556: 11552: 11550: 11546: 11544: 11540: 11538: 11534: 11532: 11528: 11527: 11525: 11521: 11515: 11511: 11509: 11505: 11503: 11499: 11497: 11493: 11491: 11487: 11485: 11481: 11479: 11475: 11473: 11469: 11467: 11463: 11461: 11457: 11456: 11454: 11450: 11444: 11440: 11438: 11434: 11432: 11431:Werner Keller 11428: 11426: 11422: 11420: 11416: 11414: 11410: 11408: 11404: 11403: 11401: 11397: 11393: 11385: 11380: 11378: 11373: 11371: 11366: 11365: 11362: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11328: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11267: 11264: 11262: 11259: 11257: 11254: 11252: 11249: 11247: 11244: 11242: 11239: 11237: 11234: 11232: 11229: 11227: 11224: 11222: 11219: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11177: 11174: 11172: 11169: 11167: 11164: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11132: 11129: 11127: 11124: 11122: 11119: 11117: 11114: 11112: 11109: 11107: 11104: 11102: 11099: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11079: 11077: 11074: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11052: 11049: 11047: 11044: 11042: 11039: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11027: 11024: 11022: 11019: 11017: 11014: 11012: 11009: 11007: 11004: 11002: 10999: 10997: 10994: 10993: 10991: 10987: 10983: 10979: 10976: 10969: 10964: 10962: 10957: 10955: 10950: 10949: 10946: 10933: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10880: 10878: 10875: 10873: 10870: 10868: 10865: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10843: 10840: 10838: 10835: 10833: 10830: 10828: 10825: 10823: 10820: 10818: 10815: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10774: 10771: 10766: 10759: 10754: 10752: 10747: 10745: 10740: 10739: 10736: 10723: 10713: 10710: 10708: 10705: 10703: 10700: 10698: 10695: 10693: 10690: 10688: 10685: 10683: 10680: 10678: 10675: 10673: 10670: 10668: 10665: 10663: 10660: 10658: 10655: 10653: 10650: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10533: 10530: 10528: 10525: 10524: 10521: 10516: 10509: 10504: 10502: 10497: 10495: 10490: 10489: 10486: 10475: 10465: 10462: 10460: 10457: 10455: 10452: 10450: 10447: 10445: 10442: 10440: 10437: 10435: 10432: 10430: 10427: 10425: 10422: 10420: 10417: 10415: 10412: 10410: 10407: 10405: 10402: 10400: 10397: 10395: 10392: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10311: 10308: 10303: 10296: 10291: 10289: 10284: 10282: 10277: 10276: 10273: 10260: 10250: 10247: 10245: 10242: 10240: 10237: 10235: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10195: 10192: 10190: 10187: 10185: 10182: 10180: 10177: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10147: 10145: 10142: 10140: 10137: 10135: 10132: 10130: 10127: 10125: 10122: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10110: 10107: 10106: 10103: 10098: 10097:Goria Cabinet 10091: 10086: 10084: 10079: 10077: 10072: 10071: 10068: 10055: 10045: 10042: 10040: 10037: 10035: 10032: 10030: 10027: 10025: 10022: 10020: 10017: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9931: 9928: 9923: 9916: 9911: 9909: 9904: 9902: 9897: 9896: 9893: 9880: 9870: 9867: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9815: 9812: 9810: 9807: 9805: 9802: 9800: 9797: 9795: 9792: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9730: 9727: 9726: 9723: 9718: 9711: 9706: 9704: 9699: 9697: 9692: 9691: 9688: 9675: 9665: 9662: 9660: 9657: 9655: 9652: 9650: 9647: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9630: 9627: 9625: 9622: 9620: 9617: 9615: 9612: 9610: 9607: 9605: 9602: 9600: 9597: 9595: 9592: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9581: 9577: 9574: 9572: 9569: 9567: 9564: 9562: 9559: 9557: 9554: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9529: 9526: 9524: 9520: 9517: 9515: 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5872: 5865: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5823: 5822: 5817: 5811: 5796: 5792: 5785: 5769: 5765: 5759: 5744: 5740: 5733: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5702: 5687: 5683: 5676: 5661: 5657: 5650: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5624: 5618: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5592: 5586: 5570: 5566: 5560: 5558: 5549: 5542: 5531: 5524: 5518: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5496: 5480: 5476: 5472: 5466: 5451: 5447: 5440: 5438: 5422: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5385: 5379: 5375: 5368: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5348: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5335: 5326: 5322: 5318: 5314: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5287: 5283: 5276: 5269: 5263: 5255: 5251: 5244: 5242: 5234: 5228: 5219: 5217: 5208: 5202: 5198: 5197: 5189: 5181: 5175: 5171: 5170: 5162: 5147: 5141: 5137: 5136: 5128: 5120: 5114: 5110: 5103: 5095: 5094: 5088: 5081: 5066: 5062: 5055: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5028: 5026: 5009: 5005: 5001: 4994: 4986: 4982: 4976: 4968: 4964: 4960: 4956: 4952: 4948: 4941: 4926: 4925: 4920: 4913: 4905: 4899: 4895: 4891: 4887: 4886: 4878: 4870: 4864: 4860: 4859: 4851: 4843: 4837: 4833: 4832: 4824: 4809: 4805: 4799: 4783: 4776: 4769: 4761: 4755: 4751: 4746: 4745: 4739: 4733: 4717: 4716: 4711: 4705: 4697: 4696: 4691: 4685: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4643: 4642:Archivi Aamod 4639: 4633: 4618:. 11 May 2013 4617: 4616: 4615:The Economist 4611: 4605: 4590: 4589: 4588:la Repubblica 4584: 4577: 4561: 4560: 4555: 4549: 4547: 4545: 4537:(in Italian). 4536: 4532: 4525: 4517: 4516: 4511: 4510:Giurato, Luca 4505: 4497: 4491: 4487: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4439: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4410: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4378: 4369: 4353: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4331: 4330: 4322: 4306: 4305: 4300: 4293: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4251: 4247: 4241: 4232: 4224: 4218: 4214: 4207: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4140: 4136: 4129: 4121: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4101: 4093: 4087: 4083: 4079: 4072: 4064: 4058: 4050: 4043: 4034: 4028: 4024: 4017: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3988: 3986: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3958: 3942: 3941: 3936: 3930: 3928: 3912: 3911: 3906: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 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Routledge. 3756: 3755: 3747: 3732: 3728: 3721: 3714: 3712: 3704: 3692: 3691: 3686: 3679: 3677: 3668: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3648: 3641: 3626: 3622: 3615: 3599: 3595: 3589: 3574: 3570: 3563: 3561: 3544: 3543: 3538: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3511: 3510: 3505: 3499: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3468: 3464: 3454: 3451: 3450: 3440: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3417: 3414: 3412: 3409: 3407: 3404: 3403: 3400: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3377: 3374: 3372: 3369: 3367: 3364: 3363: 3360: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3337: 3334: 3332: 3329: 3327: 3324: 3323: 3320: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3297: 3294: 3292: 3289: 3287: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3257: 3254: 3252: 3249: 3247: 3244: 3243: 3240: 3229: 3226: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3203: 3200: 3189: 3186: 3184: 3181: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3167: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3132: 3129: 3127: 3124: 3123: 3120: 3109: 3106: 3104: 3101: 3097: 3094: 3092: 3089: 3087: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3069: 3066: 3064: 3061: 3057: 3054: 3052: 3049: 3047: 3044: 3043: 3039: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3015: 3012: 3010: 3007: 3005: 3002: 3001: 2989:Constituency 2981: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2960: 2958: 2957: 2952: 2947: 2945: 2940: 2938: 2934: 2933:Bettino Craxi 2930: 2926: 2922: 2921: 2916: 2915:Machiavellian 2908: 2907: 2901: 2892: 2890: 2886: 2881: 2879: 2875: 2871: 2866: 2862: 2852: 2850: 2846: 2845:Mayor of Rome 2842: 2841: 2836: 2826: 2824: 2817:Personal life 2814: 2810: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2799:Salvo cousins 2796: 2792: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2767: 2760: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2747: 2743: 2739: 2735: 2731: 2727: 2719: 2715: 2711: 2702: 2695: 2692: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2679: 2678: 2676: 2671: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2652: 2650: 2645: 2641: 2639: 2635: 2631: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2600: 2596: 2585:Controversies 2582: 2580: 2576: 2572: 2567: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2552:Franco Marini 2548: 2546: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2525: 2523: 2519: 2515: 2511: 2507: 2498: 2494: 2492: 2488: 2484: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2450: 2448: 2444: 2440: 2439: 2434: 2428: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2398: 2393: 2391: 2387: 2377: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2357: 2355: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2340: 2336: 2332: 2327: 2325: 2321: 2320:Bettino Craxi 2317: 2313: 2303: 2294: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2268: 2264: 2260: 2255: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2244: 2238: 2230: 2225: 2216: 2213: 2210: 2206: 2202: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2173: 2167: 2163: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2128: 2127: 2126:Achille Lauro 2121: 2117: 2110: 2109:Bettino Craxi 2105: 2100: 2090: 2088: 2083: 2073: 2071: 2067: 2066:Bettino Craxi 2062: 2058: 2053: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2039:Brigate Rosse 2036: 2032: 2025: 2020: 2015: 2005: 2001: 1999: 1994: 1984: 1982: 1978: 1977:no confidence 1971:in Bonn, 1978 1970: 1969:4th G7 summit 1965: 1961: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1930:Mariano Rumor 1927: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1903: 1902:Richard Nixon 1899: 1891: 1890:Joe Garagiola 1887: 1882: 1875: 1874:Frank Sinatra 1871: 1870:Richard Nixon 1866: 1857: 1854: 1849: 1846: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1813:snap election 1809: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1791: 1788: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1773:Antonio Segni 1770: 1765: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1746: 1742: 1737: 1735: 1731: 1727: 1723: 1719: 1718:Wilma Montesi 1715: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1694:Antonio Segni 1691: 1687: 1678: 1674: 1672: 1667: 1665: 1661: 1656: 1654: 1653:Pope Pius XII 1650: 1639: 1637: 1636: 1631: 1626: 1624: 1613: 1611: 1607: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1580: 1576: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1539: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1516:Azione Fucina 1513: 1508: 1506: 1501: 1499: 1495: 1491: 1487: 1483: 1474: 1465: 1461: 1458: 1454: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1414:Julius Caesar 1411: 1407: 1403: 1399: 1395: 1391: 1387: 1384:(1958–1959), 1383: 1380:(1955–1958), 1379: 1375: 1371: 1366: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1351: 1345: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1331: 1326: 1322: 1317: 1315: 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Retrieved 3482:the original 3477: 3467: 3438: 3398: 3358: 3318: 3278: 3238: 3198: 3158: 3118: 3078: 3037: 2963: 2961: 2954: 2948: 2941: 2924: 2918: 2912: 2904: 2882: 2860: 2858: 2838: 2832: 2820: 2811: 2788: 2775: 2769: 2756: 2752: 2750: 2723: 2699: 2691:Pio La Torre 2672: 2661: 2658: 2646: 2642: 2622:Pio La Torre 2603: 2568: 2564:Romano Prodi 2549: 2543:to form the 2526: 2521: 2503: 2483:Forza Italia 2456: 2436: 2430: 2421:Tangentopoli 2396: 2394: 2383: 2363: 2351: 2328: 2308: 2288: 2256: 2241: 2237:Soviet Union 2234: 2214: 2183:air base in 2171: 2154:F-14 Tomcats 2151: 2125: 2122:the Italian 2113: 2079: 2054: 2051: 2038: 2035:Red Brigades 2028: 2002: 1990: 1974: 1954:left-leaning 1923: 1914:Soviet Union 1906:Soviet Union 1895: 1850: 1842: 1810: 1799: 1797: 1789: 1766: 1744: 1738: 1729: 1725: 1705: 1701: 1683: 1668: 1657: 1645: 1633: 1627: 1619: 1591: 1572: 1540: 1535: 1531: 1528:World War II 1515: 1509: 1502: 1479: 1462: 1450: 1427: 1417: 1406:Divus Iulius 1405: 1404:(from Latin 1401: 1367: 1348: 1346: 1318: 1211: 1210: 1129:Livia Danese 1094:affiliations 1068:(2013-05-06) 1001:Constituency 991: 972:Constituency 962: 942:Appointed by 929: 884:Succeeded by 847: 828:Succeeded by 791: 772:Succeeded by 739: 722:Succeeded by 689: 670:Succeeded by 625: 613:Succeeded by 580: 561:Succeeded by 526: 512:Mario Scelba 507:Succeeded by 476: 464:Succeeded by 446: 431: 412:Succeeded by 367: 350:Succeeded by 332: 317: 300:Succeeded by 282: 267: 233:Succeeded by 192: 182:Succeeded by 163:Ugo La Malfa 135: 123:Succeeded by 74: 18: 14690:2013 deaths 14685:1919 births 14602:Reactionary 14523:Aristocracy 14495:Corporatism 14475:Agrarianism 14380:Integralism 14074:Diefenbaker 14012:Politicians 13934:Tocqueville 13649:Buckley Jr. 13603:Stewardship 13593:Sovereignty 13568:Rule of law 13516:Conventions 13506:Nationalism 13484:Imperialism 13467:Gender role 13452:Familialism 13431:Meritocracy 13426:Aristocracy 13372:Traditional 13335:New Zealand 13239:Libertarian 13047:Pinochetism 13041:Gremialismo 12998:Integralism 12988:Bolsonarism 12952:Maurrasismo 12912:Switzerland 12865:Netherlands 12758:Thatcherism 12700:Noucentisme 12614:Slavophilia 12587:Eurasianism 12478:Romanticism 12444:Prussianism 12432:Neue Rechte 12340:Bonapartism 12199:South Korea 12145:Revisionist 12097:Principlist 12000:Reactionary 11995:Progressive 11945:Corporatist 11768:Bruno Vespa 11727:Ken Follett 11656:Umberto Eco 11490:Luigi Preti 11236:Verhofstadt 10989:(1975–2009) 10832:De Michelis 10582:De Michelis 10314:De Michelis 9984:Zamberletti 9859:De Michelis 9749:Zamberletti 9654:De Michelis 9532:Zamberletti 8338:Cancellieri 7685:De Michelis 6593:Franco Piga 6340:Luigi Preti 6269:Paolo Cappa 6244:Appearances 6233:(in French) 5607:13 November 5485:19 February 5353:: 219–232. 5319:: 123–138. 5070:20 February 5040:: 271–281. 5014:31 December 4486:Baden-Baden 3504:"Andreotti" 2965:Rose Island 2863:behind the 2780:Licio Gelli 2663:Cosa Nostra 2649:Mani pulite 2628:led to the 2438:Mani pulite 2427:Mani Pulite 2404:magistrate 2368:. The deep 2347:stay-behind 2343:Warsaw Pact 2250:during the 2193:Carabinieri 2087:Unification 2043:Carabinieri 1886:Gerald Ford 1754:Licio Gelli 1722:Torvaianica 1402:Divo Giulio 1350:Cosa Nostra 1119:(2008–2013) 1113:(2002–2008) 1110:Independent 1107:(2001–2002) 1101:(1994–2001) 1087:(1942–1994) 931:Life tenure 878:Paolo Cappa 874:Preceded by 833:Luigi Preti 816:Preceded by 760:Preceded by 712:Preceded by 660:Preceded by 603:Preceded by 549:Preceded by 497:Preceded by 454:Preceded by 400:Preceded by 344:Franco Piga 340:Preceded by 290:Preceded by 221:Preceded by 170:Preceded by 111:Preceded by 14674:Categories 14468:Ideologies 14403:background 14401:Historical 14189:Metternich 14164:Mannerheim 14039:Berlusconi 13769:La Mennais 13699:Dostoevsky 13674:Chesterton 13588:Solidarity 13553:Patriotism 13538:Organicism 13494:Monarchism 13411:Discipline 13355:Principles 13348:Philosophy 13136:Venezuela 13112:Fujimorism 13010:Monarchist 12993:Coronelism 12900:Monarchist 12888:Monarchist 12860:Luxembourg 12826:Monarchist 12721:Cameronism 12592:Monarchist 12527:Sanfedismo 12355:Legitimism 12256:Bangladesh 12235:Erdoğanism 12230:Democratic 12092:Monarchist 12087:Khomeinism 11867:2019 11861:2018 11855:2017 11849:2016 11843:2015 11837:2014 11831:2013 11825:2012 11819:2011 11813:2010 11796:2009 11790:2008 11784:2007 11778:2006 11772:2005 11766:2004 11760:2003 11754:2002 11748:2001 11742:2000 11725:1999 11719:1998 11713:1997 11707:1996 11701:1995 11695:1994 11689:1993 11683:1992 11677:1991 11671:1990 11654:1989 11648:1988 11644:Enzo Biagi 11642:1987 11636:1986 11630:1985 11624:1984 11618:1983 11612:1982 11606:1981 11600:1980 11583:1979 11579:Alex Haley 11577:1978 11571:1977 11565:1976 11559:1975 11553:1974 11547:1973 11541:1972 11537:Enzo Biagi 11535:1971 11529:1970 11512:1969 11506:1968 11500:1967 11494:1966 11488:1965 11482:1964 11476:1963 11470:1962 11464:1961 11458:1960 11441:1959 11435:1958 11429:1957 11423:1956 11417:1955 11411:1954 11405:1953 11339:Van Rompuy 11266:Balkenende 11256:Berlusconi 11131:Mitterrand 11101:FitzGerald 11096:Mitterrand 11091:Papandreou 10892:De Lorenzo 10677:Fracanzani 10662:De Lorenzo 10642:Saccomandi 10622:Mattarella 10444:Fracanzani 10349:Mattarella 10334:La Pergola 10149:Mattarella 10124:La Pergola 10039:Di Lazzaro 10014:Sarcinelli 9994:Travaglini 9869:De Lorenzo 9430:Antoniozzi 9263:Antoniozzi 9083:Antoniozzi 8856:Lauricella 8791:Pieraccini 8616:Bergamasco 8363:Piantedosi 8303:Napolitano 8293:Brancaccio 8153:De Gasperi 8093:Fornaciari 7998:Zanardelli 7938:Zanardelli 7730:Berlusconi 7555:De Gasperi 7540:De Gasperi 7507:De Gasperi 7287:La Marmora 7170:Berlusconi 7160:Berlusconi 7135:Berlusconi 6985:De Gasperi 6961:De Gasperi 6861:Zanardelli 6771:La Marmora 6629:1991–1992 6602:1990–1992 6577:1989–1992 6550:1983–1989 6523:1976–1979 6496:1974–1976 6442:1972–1973 6415:1966–1968 6388:1959–1966 6361:1958–1959 6334:1955–1958 6280:1947–1954 6140:30 October 5991:Frank Cass 5722:19 October 4892:. p. 4788:17 October 4750:de Gruyter 4748:. Berlin: 4311:17 October 3815:4 February 3736:4 February 3604:4 February 3459:References 2718:Citroën CX 2630:Maxi Trial 2614:Corleonesi 2512:, a minor 2402:anti-mafia 2135:Alexandria 2037:(Italian: 2031:confidence 1769:Piano Solo 1698:Adone Zoli 1635:Umberto D. 1363:Punic Wars 1334:neoliberal 1183:journalist 1180:Politician 1174:Profession 1163:Alma mater 1066:6 May 2013 1046:1919-01-14 809:Adone Zoli 14299:de Valera 14259:Salisbury 14204:Netanyahu 14159:Macdonald 14129:Kaczyński 14109:de Gaulle 14069:Churchill 14049:Bolsonaro 14034:Andreotti 13874:Santayana 13839:Oakeshott 13799:Mansfield 13679:Coleridge 13629:Bainville 13613:Tradition 13548:Orthodoxy 13367:Authority 13318:Australia 13281:Reaganism 13271:Old Right 13254:Tea Party 13244:Fusionism 13130:Herrerism 13092:Guatemala 12939:Argentina 12878:Miguelist 12874:Portugal 12753:Powellism 12677:Integrism 12665:Francoism 12641:Alfonsism 12564:Sarmatism 12454:Socialist 12392:Sarkozysm 12378:Orléanism 12298:Chiangism 12288:Singapore 12261:Hong Kong 12212:New Right 12140:Religious 12047:Chiangism 12005:Religious 11990:Pragmatic 11926:by region 11425:Han Suyin 11321:Reinfeldt 11311:Topolánek 11136:Andreotti 11076:Jørgensen 11026:Jørgensen 11021:Tindemans 11016:Callaghan 10897:Facchiano 10787:Iervolino 10782:D'Onofrio 10767:(1991–92) 10692:Facchiano 10657:Battaglia 10537:Iervolino 10532:Maccanico 10517:(1989–91) 10419:Battaglia 10359:Andreotti 10324:Iervolino 10319:Maccanico 10304:(1988–89) 10214:Battaglia 10154:Andreotti 10119:Iervolino 10099:(1987–88) 9949:Andreotti 9819:Signorile 9809:Nicolazzi 9799:Spadolini 9789:Visentini 9769:Andreotti 9719:(1986–87) 9629:Altissimo 9619:Signorile 9609:Nicolazzi 9599:Spadolini 9589:Visentini 9561:Andreotti 9490:(1983–86) 9415:(interim) 9402:Nicolazzi 9377:Spadolini 9357:Visentini 9268:Pastorino 9244:Colombo ( 9175:Bonifacio 9162:Andreotti 9138:(1978–79) 9059:Colombo ( 9049:Dal Falco 9034:Lattanzio 8986:Bonifacio 8961:(1976–78) 8906:Ripamonti 8886:Matteotti 8846:Andreotti 8701:Matteotti 8651:Valsecchi 8591:(1972–73) 8521:Andreotti 8507:Ripamonti 8502:Valsecchi 8358:Lamorgese 8308:Jervolino 8253:Andreotti 8178:Andreotti 8088:Mussolini 8083:Federzoni 8078:Mussolini 7893:Gualtiero 7848:Minghetti 7770:Gentiloni 7765:Mogherini 7700:Andreatta 7680:Andreotti 7492:Guariglia 7487:Mussolini 7477:Mussolini 7467:Mussolini 7190:Gentiloni 7120:Andreotti 7090:Spadolini 7075:Andreotti 7060:Andreotti 6941:Mussolini 6796:Minghetti 6766:Minghetti 6512:Aldo Moro 6161:The Times 6130:The Times 6079:4 January 5885:4 January 5854:31 August 5828:4 January 5800:4 January 5774:4 January 5748:4 January 5691:4 January 5665:4 January 5639:4 January 5455:4 January 5426:4 January 5291:4 January 5151:24 August 4930:4 January 4722:4 January 4674:4 January 4648:4 January 4622:4 January 4594:4 January 4566:4 January 4535:La Stampa 4515:La Stampa 4462:4 January 4358:4 January 4282:4 January 4256:4 January 4163:153536839 4082:Cantalupa 4049:Andreotti 4006:4 January 3947:4 January 3916:4 January 3881:31 August 3847:29 August 3793:4 January 3697:4 January 3630:4 January 3598:France 24 3578:4 January 3516:22 August 2983:Election 2937:Hunchback 2929:Beelzebub 2885:Aldo Moro 2803:Aldo Moro 2689:(DC) and 2506:The Daisy 2435:, dubbed 2276:Lampedusa 2261:that the 2170:USS 2156:from the 2061:Renault 4 2047:policemen 2024:Aldo Moro 1628:However, 1602:Frosinone 1536:Il Popolo 1526:. During 1520:migraines 1512:Aldo Moro 1457:altar boy 1298:statesman 1194:Signature 992:In office 963:In office 848:In office 792:In office 740:In office 704:Aldo Moro 690:In office 654:Aldo Moro 626:In office 581:In office 542:Aldo Moro 527:In office 477:In office 432:In office 368:In office 318:In office 268:In office 202:President 193:In office 175:Aldo Moro 145:President 136:In office 84:President 75:In office 14634:European 14370:Islamism 14353:Hindutva 14323:Religion 14294:Vajpayee 14284:Trujillo 14279:Thatcher 14269:Stolypin 14224:Pinochet 14139:Khomeini 14134:Khamenei 14104:Fujimori 14089:Dollfuss 14079:Disraeli 14044:Bismarck 14029:Adenauer 13957:Politics 13944:Voegelin 13914:Spengler 13884:Schlegel 13849:Peterson 13809:Menéndez 13784:Leontiev 13754:Karamzin 13729:Hitchens 13499:Royalism 13404:Pro-Life 13296:Trumpism 13261:Movement 13180:Trumpism 13175:Populism 13126:Uruguay 13119:Odriismo 13068:Colombia 13022:Populism 12958:Menemism 12884:Romania 12843:Populist 12838:Metaxism 12822:Georgia 12683:Mellismo 12609:Putinism 12582:Duginism 12490:Völkisch 12420:Hegelian 12415:Agrarian 12345:Gaullism 12276:Pakistan 12271:Malaysia 12207:Ilminism 12125:Kahanism 11985:Populist 11975:National 11970:Moderate 11950:Cultural 11296:Sócrates 11286:Vanhanen 11281:Schüssel 11221:Guterres 11216:Lipponen 11211:Schröder 11171:González 11126:González 11081:Schlüter 11066:Thatcher 10996:Cosgrave 10867:Prandini 10777:Martelli 10667:Ruggiero 10632:Prandini 10592:Vassalli 10562:Marongiu 10527:Martelli 10434:Prandini 10429:Ruggiero 10369:Vassalli 10229:Prandini 10224:Ruggiero 10199:Pandolfi 10194:Granelli 10164:Vassalli 10114:Gunnella 10034:Gullotti 10029:Gorrieri 9989:Pandolfi 9979:Falcucci 9954:Scalfaro 9939:Granelli 9854:Gullotti 9814:Pandolfi 9804:Falcucci 9774:Scalfaro 9739:Granelli 9659:Gullotti 9614:Pandolfi 9604:Falcucci 9566:Scalfaro 9514:Granelli 9420:Bisaglia 9382:Compagna 9367:Pandolfi 9362:Malfatti 9353:La Malfa 9333:Di Giesi 9253:Bisaglia 9220:Gullotti 9205:Stammati 9190:Pandolfi 9185:Malfatti 9068:Bisaglia 9020:Gullotti 9015:Malfatti 9001:Stammati 8996:Pandolfi 8901:Bertoldi 8896:Gullotti 8861:Bisaglia 8851:Malfatti 8831:Giolitti 8671:Gullotti 8666:Scalfaro 8656:Malagodi 8512:Cassiani 8487:Scalfaro 8263:Scalfaro 8188:Tambroni 8058:Giolitti 8043:Salandra 8038:Giolitti 8033:Luzzatti 8023:Giolitti 8003:Giolitti 7993:Giolitti 7978:Starabba 7968:Giolitti 7963:Nicotera 7953:Depretis 7943:Depretis 7933:Depretis 7928:Nicotera 7923:Cantelli 7913:Starabba 7908:Ferraris 7903:Cantelli 7888:Rattazzi 7883:Ricasoli 7858:Rattazzi 7853:Ricasoli 7750:Frattini 7735:Frattini 7725:Ruggiero 7665:Malfatti 7600:Piccioni 7565:Piccioni 7497:Badoglio 7462:Schanzer 7447:Scialoja 7402:Prinetti 7392:Canevaro 7357:Depretis 7352:Robilant 7347:Depretis 7332:Depretis 7317:Depretis 7312:Melegari 7302:Menabrea 7297:Campello 7277:Pasolini 7272:Rattazzi 7267:Ricasoli 7025:Tambroni 6946:Badoglio 6926:Giolitti 6906:Salandra 6901:Giolitti 6896:Luzzatti 6886:Giolitti 6866:Giolitti 6846:Starabba 6836:Giolitti 6831:Starabba 6821:Depretis 6811:Depretis 6801:Depretis 6786:Menabrea 6781:Rattazzi 6776:Ricasoli 6756:Rattazzi 6751:Ricasoli 6225:Toulouse 6207:in JSTOR 6045:Le Monde 5908:BBC News 5596:Panorama 5405:, p. 392 5401:Stille, 5359:43039678 5325:43486480 5235:, p. 384 5231:Stille, 5046:23605821 4924:Ynetnews 4813:21 March 4692:(1974). 4155:40930577 4108:(2007). 3976:41691324 3964:Cinéaste 3447:See also 3427:329,599 3387:206,944 3347:302,745 3307:191,593 3267:367,235 3227:252,369 3187:203,521 3147:227,007 3107:145,318 3067:169,476 2953:'s film 2906:Panorama 2823:Lamberto 2791:turncoat 2701:child". 2693:. (PCI). 2539:and the 2522:de facto 2397:corrente 2339:Cold War 2322:, whose 2219:Policies 2172:Saratoga 2120:hijacked 1829:centrist 1745:de facto 1726:corrente 1706:corrente 1702:corrente 1340:and the 1289:Italian: 1156:Lamberto 1151:Children 14461:Related 14309:Zemmour 14274:Suharto 14254:Salazar 14184:Metaxas 14179:Menzies 14174:Maurras 14094:Erdoğan 14084:Dmowski 14059:Canning 14054:GW Bush 13924:Strauss 13894:Scruton 13889:Schmitt 13879:Savigny 13864:Rivarol 13834:Novalis 13804:Maurras 13794:Maistre 13779:Le Play 13744:Johnson 13664:Carlyle 13659:Burnham 13634:Barruel 13521:Customs 13489:Loyalty 13421:Elitism 13310:Oceania 13197:Toryism 13107:Peruvia 13080:Uribism 13074:Rojismo 13004:Janismo 12917:Ukraine 12855:Iceland 12850:Hungary 12818:Finland 12813:Denmark 12801:Belgium 12796:Austria 12763:Toryism 12713:Kingdom 12689:Maurism 12646:Carlism 12602:Tsarism 12553:Kaczyzm 12407:Germany 12166:Minzoku 12130:Zionism 11965:Liberal 11924:Schools 11316:Fischer 11306:Sarkozy 11271:Juncker 11251:Simitis 11231:Persson 11196:Juncker 11161:Dehaene 11141:Lubbers 11121:Martens 11116:Lubbers 11071:Martens 11061:Van Agt 11051:Haughey 11046:Cossiga 11031:Schmidt 11011:Den Uyl 10917:Ruffolo 10912:Ruberti 10907:Tognoli 10887:Bodrato 10882:Vizzini 10877:Bernini 10857:Rognoni 10847:Formica 10812:Boniver 10807:Mannino 10802:Gaspari 10712:Ruberti 10707:Ruffolo 10702:Tognoli 10697:Carraro 10672:Vizzini 10647:Bernini 10637:Mannino 10617:Rognoni 10597:Formica 10552:Gaspari 10464:Ruberti 10459:Ruffolo 10454:Carraro 10439:Formica 10404:Mannino 10394:Galloni 10379:Colombo 10374:Fanfani 10354:Tognoli 10344:Gaspari 10249:Formica 10244:Ruffolo 10239:Carraro 10234:Vizzini 10204:Mannino 10189:De Rose 10184:Galloni 10169:Colombo 10159:Fanfani 10144:Tognoli 10134:Ruberti 10129:Gaspari 9974:Guarino 9969:Gaspari 9959:Rognoni 9944:De Vito 9934:Paladin 9839:Formica 9779:Rognoni 9759:De Vito 9754:Gaspari 9734:Vizzini 9729:Forlani 9664:Lagorio 9551:De Vito 9546:Gaspari 9523:Fortuna 9509:Vizzini 9500:Forlani 9435:Ariosto 9407:Anselmi 9397:Colombo 9387:Marcora 9372:Ruffini 9348:Morlino 9343:Rognoni 9338:Forlani 9246:interim 9234:Anselmi 9215:Colombo 9210:Marcora 9195:Ruffini 9180:Morlino 9170:Rognoni 9166:interim 9158:Cossiga 9153:Forlani 9148:De Mita 9073:Anselmi 9061:interim 9039:Colombo 9030:Ruffini 9025:Marcora 9010:Ruffini 8991:Morlino 8981:Cossiga 8976:Forlani 8971:De Mita 8881:Colombo 8876:De Mita 8841:Colombo 8836:Tanassi 8821:Taviani 8801:Mancini 8696:Gaspari 8661:Tanassi 8646:Taviani 8641:Gonella 8601:Taviani 8536:Scaglia 8525:interim 8517:Piccoli 8477:Aggradi 8467:Restivo 8462:Colombo 8452:Taviani 8447:Gonella 8432:Gaspari 8353:Salvini 8348:Minniti 8318:Scajola 8298:Coronas 8283:Mancino 8268:Fanfani 8258:Rognoni 8248:Cossiga 8233:Taviani 8223:Restivo 8218:Taviani 8208:Taviani 8198:Spataro 8173:Fanfani 8163:Spataro 8103:Aldisio 8048:Orlando 8028:Sonnino 8018:Sonnino 8008:Tittoni 7988:Saracco 7983:Pelloux 7898:Cadorna 7878:Chiaves 7863:Peruzzi 7785:Di Maio 7745:D'Alema 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10862:Misasi 10837:Scotti 10822:Sterpa 10797:Capria 10792:Romita 10627:Bianco 10587:Scotti 10572:Sterpa 10557:Misasi 10542:Romita 10414:Santuz 10389:Zanone 10179:Zanone 10139:Santuz 10024:Darida 9924:(1987) 9864:Capria 9849:Darida 9829:Zanone 9784:Romita 9744:Fabbri 9649:Darida 9639:Capria 9584:Romita 9537:Biondi 9528:Scotti 9505:Romita 9425:Scotti 9258:Scotti 9239:Ossola 9200:Pedini 9078:Pedini 9054:Ossola 8826:Zagari 8676:Natali 8631:Medici 8621:Romita 8606:Caiati 8482:Natali 8472:Misasi 8417:Caiati 8343:Alfano 8333:Maroni 8323:Pisanu 8313:Bianco 8288:Maroni 8278:Scotti 8203:Scelba 8183:Scelba 8168:Scelba 8158:Scelba 8118:Romita 8108:Bonomi 8073:Taddei 8063:Bonomi 8013:Fortis 7973:Crispi 7958:Crispi 7873:Natoli 7790:Tajani 7775:Alfano 7760:Bonino 7690:Scotti 7645:Medici 7630:Medici 7550:Sforza 7502:Bonomi 7472:Grandi 7452:Sforza 7362:Crispi 7262:Cavour 7205:Meloni 7200:Draghi 7130:Ciampi 7000:Scelba 6951:Bonomi 6931:Bonomi 6876:Fortis 6841:Crispi 6826:Crispi 6761:Farini 6746:Cavour 6248:C-SPAN 6108: 6051: 6022: 5997: 5380: 5357: 5323: 5203: 5176: 5142: 5115: 5044: 4965: 4900: 4865: 4838: 4756: 4492: 4434: 4405: 4250:Dictum 4219: 4196: 4161: 4153: 4116: 4088: 4029: 3974: 3761: 3729: 3665: 2995:Votes 2992:Party 2986:House 2571:Senate 2533:Senate 2205:C-141s 2185:Sicily 2162:VF-103 2139:Ashdod 2118:(PLF) 1892:, 1976 1876:, 1973 1785:Gladio 1764:(P2). 1756:, the 1728:, the 1280:-dray- 1186:lawyer 1139: 1124:Spouse 922:Senate 210:Deputy 159:Deputy 99:Deputy 14289:Trump 14264:Smith 14244:Putin 14209:Orbán 14024:Adams 13929:Taine 13919:Stahl 13909:Spann 13869:Röpke 13859:Renan 13854:Ranke 13789:Lewis 13739:Iorga 13719:Gentz 13709:Evola 13704:Eliot 13684:Comte 13654:Burke 13526:Mores 13511:Norms 13276:Paleo 13249:Paleo 13056:Other 13032:Chile 12789:Other 12726:Civic 12633:Spain 12502:Italy 12466:Young 12266:India 12249:Other 12157:Japan 12039:China 12020:Ultra 11960:Green 11807:2010s 11736:2000s 11665:1990s 11594:1980s 11523:1970s 11452:1960s 11399:1950s 11301:Janša 11276:Blair 11261:Ahern 11241:Aznar 11206:Klima 11201:Blair 11181:Prodi 11151:Major 11106:Craxi 11041:Lynch 11006:Thorn 10872:Goria 10852:Carli 10817:Conte 10652:Mammì 10607:Carli 10567:Conte 10409:Mammì 10399:Ferri 10384:Amato 10209:Mammì 10109:Amato 10044:Pavan 10019:Degan 9964:Goria 9844:Degan 9794:Goria 9764:Mammì 9644:Carta 9634:Degan 9594:Goria 9580:Craxi 9576:Longo 9556:Mammì 9519:Forte 9413:Preti 9392:Preti 9229:Prodi 8891:Coppo 8871:Togni 8866:Preti 8811:Gioia 8806:Toros 8786:Lupis 8716:Coppo 8706:Lupis 8691:Ferri 8686:Gioia 8681:Bozzi 8636:Rumor 8611:Sullo 8492:Bosco 8457:Pella 8442:Rumor 8427:Sullo 8422:Gatto 8328:Amato 8228:Rumor 8213:Rumor 8193:Segni 8113:Parri 8098:Reale 8068:Facta 8053:Nitti 7948:Villa 7918:Lanza 7868:Lanza 7655:Rumor 7635:Nenni 7590:Segni 7585:Pella 7575:Pella 7560:Pella 7545:Nenni 7482:Ciano 7377:Blanc 7322:Corti 7195:Conte 7185:Renzi 7180:Letta 7175:Monti 7165:Prodi 7155:Amato 7145:Prodi 7125:Amato 7110:Goria 7100:Craxi 7065:Rumor 7050:Rumor 7045:Leone 7035:Leone 7020:Segni 7005:Segni 6990:Pella 6956:Parri 6936:Facta 6921:Nitti 6791:Lanza 6662:1985 6469:1974 6307:1954 5970:6 May 5942:6 May 5914:6 May 5533:(PDF) 5526:(PDF) 5355:JSTOR 5321:JSTOR 5042:JSTOR 4963:JSTOR 4778:(PDF) 4194:JSTOR 4159:S2CID 4151:JSTOR 3972:JSTOR 3723:(PDF) 3663:JSTOR 3549:6 May 2762:' 2433:Milan 2272:Scuds 2158:VF-74 2131:Egypt 2059:of a 2057:trunk 1750:SIFAR 1651:, as 1610:Lazio 1606:Lazio 1453:taper 1438:Lazio 1434:Segni 1225:OESSH 1143:) 1135:( 1131: 43:OESSH 14607:Neo- 14229:Pitt 14214:Park 14199:Modi 14144:Kohl 13814:More 13759:Kirk 13734:Hume 13416:Duty 13212:Pink 13202:Blue 13087:Cuba 12768:High 12079:Iran 12030:Asia 11344:Tusk 11176:Dini 11086:Kohl 11001:Moro 10682:Piga 10577:Gava 10364:Gava 10174:Gava 10009:Piga 9999:Gava 9824:Gava 9624:Gava 8816:Moro 8626:Gava 8497:Gava 8437:Moro 8273:Gava 8243:Moro 7740:Fini 7720:Dini 7705:Elia 7650:Moro 7640:Moro 7620:Moro 7610:Moro 7372:Brin 7140:Dini 7070:Moro 7040:Moro 7010:Zoli 6227:II, 6142:2008 6106:ISBN 6081:2019 6049:ISBN 6020:ISBN 5995:ISBN 5972:2013 5944:2013 5916:2013 5887:2019 5856:2013 5830:2019 5802:2019 5776:2019 5750:2019 5724:2010 5693:2019 5667:2019 5641:2019 5609:2008 5577:2016 5487:2014 5457:2019 5428:2019 5378:ISBN 5293:2019 5201:ISBN 5174:ISBN 5153:2012 5140:ISBN 5113:ISBN 5072:2015 5016:2018 4932:2019 4898:ISBN 4863:ISBN 4836:ISBN 4815:2013 4790:2010 4754:ISBN 4724:2019 4676:2019 4650:2019 4624:2019 4596:2019 4568:2019 4490:ISBN 4464:2019 4432:ISBN 4403:ISBN 4395:Rome 4360:2019 4313:2010 4284:2019 4258:2019 4217:ISBN 4114:ISBN 4086:ISBN 4027:ISBN 4008:2019 3949:2019 3918:2019 3883:2013 3849:2017 3817:2022 3795:2019 3759:ISBN 3738:2022 3727:SSRN 3699:2019 3632:2019 3606:2022 3580:2019 3551:2013 3518:2019 3490:2013 3406:1987 3366:1983 3326:1979 3286:1976 3246:1972 3206:1968 3166:1963 3126:1958 3086:1953 3046:1948 3004:1946 2835:Rome 2636:and 2181:NATO 1898:NATO 1888:and 1872:and 1825:1968 1696:and 1430:Rome 1222:OCSG 1219:SMOM 1141:1945 1073:Rome 1063:Died 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