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Sandro Pertini

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980: 1125: 2186: 142: 1066: 907: 25: 968: 586: 1568: 1528: 1488: 1448: 1408: 1367: 1325: 1106:, and said "they will not catch us any more". Memorable images from the event are Pertini standing on his chair at Santiago Bernabeu stadium, exulting in the Italian victory, and the card game on the return flight, between the president and three team members (trainer Bearzot and players Causio and Zoff), the world cup trophy next to them on the table. 1001:, the highest office in the nation. Despite his advanced age, he displayed considerable energy and vigour, playing a major role in helping restore the public's faith in the government and institutions of Italy, as well as maintaining an active schedule of travelling and meeting foreign dignitaries. During the 1050:
in Gold by the United Nations Association of Germany (Deutsche Gesellschaft für die Vereinten Nationen, DGVN) in Berlin, "for outstanding services to peace and international understanding, especially for his political ethics and practical humanity". Pertini died in February 1990 at the age of 93 and
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In 1985, he stepped down from the presidency, becoming automatically senator for life. The only official role he accepted in his retirement was President of the "Filippo Turati" Foundation for Historical Studies of Florence inaugurated in 1985 and dedicated to recording and preserving the history of
1023: 1140:, with whom he met often both for official and private occasions, and had frequent phone conversations. In "Accanto a Giovanni Paolo II", he is known to have referred to his mother looking over him in heaven, moved that her atheist son was friends with the Pope. 1688:
With the ardor of those who drove merchants from the temple, Speaker Pertini ordered to drive away the "whips" from the aisle, accelerating the outcome of the presidential election in 1971 :
1740: 1551: 1511: 1471: 1431: 1391: 1349: 1307: 436: 407: 2217: 2487: 3232: 3332: 3327: 772:, who was the most prominent figure of the PSU. Pertini remained in the country until 1926 working as a mason. According to the Italian historian of Freemasonry 3262: 2210: 773: 1816: 3252: 2226: 1997: 1737: 1099:
just two days after the fourth anniversary of his inauguration. After Italy scored their third goal, he wagged his finger to either the German delegation or
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who were in exile in France. This hypothesis seems unsupported by known documents from archives. On his return to Italy, he was arrested in
3322: 3287: 3277: 3267: 3237: 3000: 3282: 3257: 3227: 2975: 610: 131: 1771: 1148: 1691: 856: 570: 886:, as well as corruption in the Italian state and within the Socialist Party, where he kept an independent political position. 3079: 2936: 2632: 1756: 1620: 1011:, Pertini openly denounced the violence. He also opposed organized crime in Italy, South African apartheid, Chilean dictator 698: 519: 89: 1914: 3144: 61: 3337: 3307: 2234: 3094: 3084: 2185: 995: 68: 3312: 3053: 3048: 2070: 998: 954: 108: 936: 3163: 2625: 1176: 3302: 3175: 3057: 1841: 1796: 928: 42: 1899: 75: 3317: 3297: 3131: 2272: 2262: 2107: 1096: 1016: 984: 932: 674:
socialist who contributed to his approach to socialism and probably introduced him to the inner circles of the
331: 46: 3122: 3103: 3074: 3005: 2524: 2512: 1596: 1541: 1501: 1461: 1421: 1381: 1339: 1302: 1297: 860: 415: 623:; 25 September 1896 – 24 February 1990) was an Italian socialist politician and statesman who served as the 3242: 2708: 2678: 2063: 1878: 1092: 57: 3126: 3020: 3010: 2097: 1546: 1506: 1466: 1426: 1386: 1344: 1035: 890: 816: 386: 2541: 2310: 1990: 1726: 1168: 726: 585: 353: 253: 3117: 3112: 2931: 2470: 2435: 1084: 1060: 831:
raid. Pertini then travelled north to organize partisan war as an executive member of PSI (alongside
744:(Original: "Alla più perfetta delle dittature preferirò sempre la più imperfetta delle democrazie.".) 3189: 3107: 3065: 1112:, Italy's and the tournament's top scorer, later said: "I remember that when he welcomed us at the 917: 3089: 3070: 2970: 2648: 1964: 1558: 1518: 1478: 1438: 1398: 1356: 1314: 1046:
the socialist movement in Italy. In December 1988 Pertini was the first person to be awarded the
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and until 1943. Although he had begun suffering from severe illness, Pertini never demanded
777: 713:("Cooperation"; 1924). While in the city, Pertini also came into contact with people such as 82: 3222: 3217: 2995: 2980: 2890: 2878: 2860: 2836: 2684: 2666: 2561: 2252: 2165: 2160: 1975: 788: 1636: 882:, Pertini was suspicious of many policies enforced by the PSI. He criticized all forms of 8: 3169: 2947: 2908: 2390: 2380: 2365: 1124: 855:
After the war ended in Italy on 25 April 1945 and the monarchy was abolished through the
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by Fascists in 1924, Pertini became even more committed to the struggle against the
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President Sandro Pertini and Pope John Paul II on a secret skiing trip on Mt.
871:. In the postwar era, he was a prominent member of the directive board of the 3211: 2896: 2866: 2720: 2571: 2551: 2445: 2410: 2375: 2267: 2135: 2125: 2007: 1744: 1234: 1194: 1073: 1065: 1002: 987: 265: 199: 3182: 3136: 2854: 2818: 2806: 2792: 2601: 2482: 2315: 1956: 1825: 1239: 1210: 1137: 1077: 820: 804: 296: 2617: 1864:"Pertini, the partisan president in the amazing comics of Andrea Pazienza" 1676: 1216:
Pertini has been mentioned in some verses of several Italian songs, as in
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and was decorated for bravery. After the armistice in 1918, he joined the
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after our win, he rose and said: 'This is my best day as President.'"
2042: 1069: 972: 792: 776:, during that period Pertini had relationships with exponents of the 671: 1930: 906: 827:. Arrested by the Germans, he was sentenced to death but freed by a 24: 1263: 1229: 1129: 702: 1938: 1030:
In 1981, Pertini presided over the formation of the government by
967: 3015: 2965: 2475: 2225: 1759:. The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. 1022: 736: 675: 648: 1209:("The Partisan Pert"), a comedy strip portraying Pertini during 1915:"Sandro Pertini, our president ever, historical figure and man" 1669:
Storia della massoneria italiana Dalle origini ai nostri giorni
1088: 808: 660: 656: 643:) as the son of a wealthy landowner, Alberto, he studied at a 2499: 1608: 840: 1817:"Lizzani: Pertini wrote to me that Audisio didn't shoot the 781: 508: 733:
on several occasions, but never lost faith in his ideals.
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labour movements. Pertini obtained a law degree from the
1772:"PALME IS NAMED A RECIPIENT OF AN F.D.R. FREEDOM MEDAL" 1722:
Video on Pertini exulting at the Italian team's victory
768:, he organized and accompanied the escape to France of 1609:
Ferrarová, E.; Ferrarová, M.; Pospíšilová, V. (2017).
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but managed to go into hiding. Later, together with
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On 11 October 1979, President of Yugoslavia 1015:and other dictatorial regimes, as well as the 737:Opposition to Fascism and Resistance to Nazism 3263:Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy) 2633: 2227:Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies 2211: 2071: 1757:"Presidential Address of New Year's Eve 1981" 867:), the body that prepared the new republican 3253:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy 1260:Pertini Is A Genius, Mirinzini Is Not Famous 843:uprising of 25 April 1945, which led to the 2647: 935:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 823:occupiers and Mussolini's new regime – the 729:. Pertini was physically beaten by Fascist 2640: 2626: 2218: 2204: 2078: 2064: 971:President Sandro Pertini in his office at 140: 1612:Italština pro samouky a věčné začátečníky 1599:, he was automatically nominated senator. 955:Learn how and when to remove this message 286:1 August 1945 – 18 December 1945 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 1965:Secretary of the Italian Socialist Party 1213:with the same cartoonist as his helper. 1123: 1064: 1021: 978: 966: 896: 359:29 June 1985 – 24 February 1990 3248:Members of the National Council (Italy) 2085: 1689: 1054: 990:review troops at Quirinale Palace, 1982 875:(the PSI, which the PSU had rejoined). 428:25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948 3210: 2047: 1738:Article on emagazine.credit-suisse.com 1671:, Milan. Bompiani, 1992, pp. 782-783. 857:1946 Italian constitutional referendum 748:After the assassination of PSU leader 651:, and completed his schooling at the " 571:University of Modena and Reggio Emilia 2937:Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party 2621: 2199: 2059: 2046: 1933:Associazione Nazionale Sandro Pertini 1769: 1182: 1162: 1038:Italian government since the time of 994:In 1978, the 81-year-old Pertini was 756:regime. In 1926, he was sentenced to 618: 3293:Deputies of Legislature VII of Italy 3273:Deputies of Legislature III of Italy 1998:President of the Chamber of Deputies 1285: 1269: 933:adding citations to reliable sources 900: 231:President of the Chamber of Deputies 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 16:President of Italy from 1978 to 1985 3323:Italian resistance movement members 3288:Deputies of Legislature VI of Italy 3278:Deputies of Legislature IV of Italy 3268:Deputies of Legislature II of Italy 3238:Italian Socialist Party politicians 1692:"Il rugby e l'immortalità del nome" 1120:Relationship with Pope John Paul II 550: 476:Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Pertini 399:25 June 1953 – 7 July 1978 169:9 July 1978 – 29 June 1985 13: 3283:Deputies of Legislature V of Italy 3258:Senators of Legislature I of Italy 3228:People from the Province of Savona 3095:Italian Democratic Socialist Party 3085:Maximalist Italian Socialist Party 1770:Blair, William G. (5 March 1986). 1147:as soon as he heard that the Pope 370:8 May 1948 – 24 June 1953 243:5 June 1968 – 4 July 1976 14: 3349: 3049:Italian Reformist Socialist Party 1924: 1797:"Svečana večera u čast Pertinija" 999:President of the Italian Republic 3145:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy 2184: 1931:A biography of Pertini from the 1566: 1526: 1486: 1446: 1406: 1365: 1323: 1177:Order of the Yugoslav Great Star 905: 889:He was elected president of the 839:). He had a primary role in the 811:. He was released a month after 620:[(ales)ˈsandroperˈtiːni] 584: 23: 3058:Fasci Italiani di Combattimento 1905: 1890: 1869: 1854: 1832: 1807: 1789: 1763: 1555: 1515: 1475: 1435: 1395: 1353: 1311: 1143:On 13 May 1981, he went to the 1051:was mourned across the nation. 546: 34:needs additional citations for 3132:Italian Socialist Party (2007) 3054:Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria 2108:Presidential standard of Italy 1879:"Pertini" on andreapazienza.it 1749: 1731: 1714: 1682: 1661: 1647: 1629: 1602: 1589: 1552:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona 1512:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona 1472:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona 1432:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona 1392:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona 1350:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona 1308:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona 1205:created the comic book series 1017:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan 437:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona 408:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona 1: 3104:Italian Democratic Socialists 3075:International Communist Party 3006:National Liberation Committee 1803:(10738): 12. 12 October 1979. 1597:Constituent Assembly of Italy 1582: 859:, Pertini was elected to the 850: 630: 1246:("Dear President", 1984) by 1228:("Daddy Rock", 1982) by the 1220:("under the rain", 1982) by 1155:Presidential Address to the 7: 3127:New Italian Socialist Party 3011:Italian resistance movement 1690:Buonomo, Giampiero (2015). 891:Italian Chamber of Deputies 817:Italian resistance movement 787:In 1935 he was interned on 705:where he also graduated in 685:Aged 19 when Italy entered 666:His philosophy teacher was 10: 3354: 3338:Exiled Italian politicians 3308:University of Genoa alumni 3148:(social-democrats faction) 3140:(social-democrats faction) 1991:Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci 1058: 701:, PSU, then he settled in 254:Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci 3156: 3118:Reformist Socialist Party 3041: 3001:Division over World War I 2924: 2657: 2498: 2291: 2233: 2182: 2116: 2093: 2053: 2031: 2022: 2014: 2004: 1995: 1987: 1982: 1972: 1961: 1953: 1948: 1940:Fondazione Sandro Pertini 1851:(lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it) 1615:(in Czech). p. 387. 1291: 1288: 1282: 1279: 1276: 1238:("The Italian", 1983) by 1167:In 1986, he received the 1061:1982 FIFA World Cup Final 815:'s arrest and joined the 592: 580: 560: 531: 515: 498: 471: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 432: 421: 413: 403: 392: 384: 363: 350: 337: 329: 325: 318: 314: 302: 290: 279: 271: 259: 247: 236: 229: 217: 205: 173: 162: 155: 151: 139: 125: 3313:Italian anti-capitalists 3190:Alliance of Progressives 3164:Popular Democratic Front 3066:Republican Fascist Party 3026:Banco Ambrosiano scandal 1949:Party political offices 1847:29 December 2012 at the 1005:terrorism period of the 3176:Unified Socialist Party 3080:Unitary Socialist Party 3071:Italian Communist Party 2971:Revolutionary socialism 2650:Italian Socialist Party 1884:4 February 2017 at the 1654:Frasi di Sandro Pertini 880:Italian Communist Party 873:Italian Socialist Party 825:Italian Social Republic 709:with a thesis entitled 699:Unitary Socialist Party 274:Italian Socialist Party 146:Official portrait, 1978 3303:Politicians of Liguria 3062:National Fascist Party 2932:Italian Workers' Party 2103:List by time in office 1190:Last Days of Mussolini 1133: 1080: 1027: 1026:Pertini in 1972 - 1976 991: 976: 845:execution of Mussolini 746: 575:University of Florence 332:Senate of the Republic 320:Parliamentary offices 3318:Italian anti-fascists 3298:Italian life senators 1127: 1083:Pertini attended the 1076:, Sandro Pertini and 1068: 1048:Otto Hahn Peace Medal 1025: 982: 970: 897:President (1978–1985) 778:Grand Orient of Italy 740: 2996:Democratic socialism 2981:National syndicalism 2891:Francesco De Martino 2879:Francesco De Martino 2861:Francesco De Martino 2837:Ivan Matteo Lombardo 2166:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 2161:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro 1976:Ivan Matteo Lombardo 1842:"Il Partigiano Pert" 1643:. 21 September 2023. 1637:"Alessandro Pertini" 1303:Constituent Assembly 1175:awarded Pertini the 1091:for a match between 1085:1982 World Cup Final 1055:1982 World Cup Final 1036:Christian Democratic 929:improve this section 869:Italian Constitution 861:Constituent Assembly 789:Santo Stefano Island 774:Aldo Alessandro Mola 416:Constituent Assembly 43:improve this article 3243:Presidents of Italy 3170:Organic centre-left 2986:Reformist socialism 2909:Ottaviano Del Turco 2235:Kingdom of Sardinia 2087:Presidents of Italy 1902:(orrorea33giri.com) 1743:19 January 2013 at 1595:As a member of the 1547:Chamber of Deputies 1507:Chamber of Deputies 1467:Chamber of Deputies 1427:Chamber of Deputies 1387:Chamber of Deputies 1345:Chamber of Deputies 1114:Presidential Palace 799:, an island in the 689:on the side of the 680:University of Genoa 627:from 1978 to 1985. 567:University of Genoa 387:Chamber of Deputies 3100:Italian Socialists 3021:Sigonella incident 2739:Costantino Lazzari 2727:Costantino Lazzari 2171:Giorgio Napolitano 2048:Alessandro Pertini 2025:President of Italy 1983:Political offices 1917:(quotidianpost.it) 1801:Slobodna Dalmacija 1776:The New York Times 1222:Antonello Venditti 1207:Il Partigiano Pert 1201:. In early 1980s, 1183:In popular culture 1163:Honours and awards 1134: 1081: 1032:Giovanni Spadolini 1028: 992: 977: 641:Province of Savona 625:president of Italy 192:Giovanni Spadolini 157:President of Italy 3205: 3204: 3199: 3198: 3149: 3141: 3113:Labour Federation 2903:Giorgio Benvenuto 2849:Alberto Jacometti 2769:Domenico Fioritto 2685:Carlo Dell'Avalle 2667:Carlo Dell'Avalle 2615: 2614: 2542:Bucciarelli-Ducci 2193: 2192: 2176:Sergio Mattarella 2156:Francesco Cossiga 2041: 2040: 2035:Francesco Cossiga 2032:Succeeded by 2005:Succeeded by 1973:Succeeded by 1622:978-80-266-0745-8 1580: 1579: 1270:Electoral history 1187:In the 1975 film 1132:, on 16 June 1984 965: 964: 957: 750:Giacomo Matteotti 715:Gaetano Salvemini 707:political science 659:(high school) in 596: 595: 486:25 September 1896 442: 441: 272:Secretary of the 224:Francesco Cossiga 184:Francesco Cossiga 119: 118: 111: 93: 3345: 3147: 3139: 3108:Socialist League 2991:Social democracy 2925:Related articles 2799:Giuseppe Saragat 2781:Olindo Vernocchi 2703:Savino Varazzani 2660: 2651: 2642: 2635: 2628: 2619: 2618: 2500:Italian Republic 2293:Kingdom of Italy 2220: 2213: 2206: 2197: 2196: 2188: 2141:Giuseppe Saragat 2131:Giovanni Gronchi 2121:Enrico De Nicola 2080: 2073: 2066: 2057: 2056: 2044: 2043: 2015:Preceded by 1988:Preceded by 1967: 1954:Preceded by 1946: 1945: 1918: 1913: 1909: 1903: 1898: 1894: 1888: 1877: 1873: 1867: 1866:(slumberland.it) 1862: 1858: 1852: 1840: 1836: 1830: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1793: 1787: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1767: 1761: 1760: 1753: 1747: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1718: 1712: 1711: 1709: 1707: 1702:on 1 August 2012 1698:. 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2607:Fontana 2572:Pivetti 2547:Pertini 2532:Gronchi 2508:Saragat 2476:de jure 2471:Orlando 2456:Giurati 2436:Orlando 2431:Marcora 2421:Marcora 2401:Colombo 2356:Coppino 2346:Coppino 2336:Cairoli 2306:Tecchio 2268:Cadorna 2253:Pinelli 1727:YouTube 1575:Elected 1563:35,506 1535:Elected 1523:53,657 1495:Elected 1483:24,235 1455:Elected 1443:22,579 1415:Elected 1403:19,966 1374:Elected 1361:22,802 1332:Elected 1319:27,870 1292:Result 996:elected 937:removed 922:sources 649:Varazze 607:Pertini 555:​ 543:​ 511:, Italy 83:scholar 3192:(1994) 2917:(1994) 2905:(1993) 2827:(1945) 2765:(1921) 2747:(1919) 2735:(1918) 2681:(1896) 2582:Casini 2552:Ingrao 2483:Sforza 2466:Grandi 2351:Farini 2341:Farini 2331:Crispi 2248:Pareto 1675:  1619:  1289:Votes 1286:Party 1280:House 1089:Madrid 975:palace 809:pardon 795:(LT), 731:squads 725:, and 661:Savona 657:lyceum 637:Stella 603:Sandro 549:  532:Spouse 489:Stella 85:  78:  71:  64:  56:  2557:Iotti 2537:Leone 2461:Ciano 2446:Rocco 2411:Villa 2406:Gallo 2376:Villa 2321:Lanza 2283:Lanza 1970:1945 1315:PSIUP 1093:Italy 841:Milan 719:Carlo 553:) 545:( 541: 90:JSTOR 76:books 2805:and 2602:Fico 2592:Fini 2525:C.A. 2513:C.A. 2488:N.C. 2316:Mari 2098:List 1819:Duce 1783:2023 1708:2016 1673:OCLC 1617:ISBN 1542:1976 1502:1972 1462:1968 1422:1963 1382:1958 1340:1953 1298:1946 1173:Tito 1101:King 1095:and 920:any 918:cite 835:and 782:Pisa 764:and 721:and 670:, a 611:OMCA 551:1946 509:Rome 499:Died 472:Born 132:OMCA 62:news 1725:on 1559:PSI 1519:PSI 1479:PSI 1439:PSI 1399:PSI 1357:PSI 1193:by 1087:in 931:by 525:PSI 520:PSU 45:by 3214:: 3125:/ 3106:/ 3102:/ 3073:/ 3064:/ 3060:/ 3056:/ 2801:, 1799:. 1774:. 1694:. 1639:. 1266:. 1258:, 1250:, 1242:, 1232:, 1224:, 1179:. 1159:. 1072:, 1042:. 1019:. 847:. 791:, 682:. 663:. 655:" 605:" 547:m. 491:, 2641:e 2634:t 2627:v 2528:) 2522:( 2516:) 2510:( 2491:) 2485:( 2479:) 2473:( 2219:e 2212:t 2205:v 2079:e 2072:t 2065:v 1829:) 1823:( 1821:" 1785:. 1710:. 1625:. 1572:Y 1532:Y 1492:Y 1452:Y 1412:Y 1371:Y 1329:Y 958:) 952:( 947:) 943:( 939:. 925:. 863:( 639:( 614:( 601:" 484:) 480:( 380:) 372:( 112:) 106:( 101:) 97:( 87:· 80:· 73:· 66:· 39:.

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President of Italy
Giulio Andreotti
Francesco Cossiga
Arnaldo Forlani
Giovanni Spadolini
Amintore Fanfani
Bettino Craxi
Giovanni Leone
Francesco Cossiga
President of the Chamber of Deputies
Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci
Pietro Ingrao
Italian Socialist Party
Pietro Nenni
Rodolfo Morandi
Senate of the Republic
Ex officio

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