980:
1125:
2186:
142:
1066:
907:
25:
968:
586:
1568:
1528:
1488:
1448:
1408:
1367:
1325:
1106:, and said "they will not catch us any more". Memorable images from the event are Pertini standing on his chair at Santiago Bernabeu stadium, exulting in the Italian victory, and the card game on the return flight, between the president and three team members (trainer Bearzot and players Causio and Zoff), the world cup trophy next to them on the table.
1001:, the highest office in the nation. Despite his advanced age, he displayed considerable energy and vigour, playing a major role in helping restore the public's faith in the government and institutions of Italy, as well as maintaining an active schedule of travelling and meeting foreign dignitaries. During the
1050:
in Gold by the United
Nations Association of Germany (Deutsche Gesellschaft für die Vereinten Nationen, DGVN) in Berlin, "for outstanding services to peace and international understanding, especially for his political ethics and practical humanity". Pertini died in February 1990 at the age of 93 and
1045:
In 1985, he stepped down from the presidency, becoming automatically senator for life. The only official role he accepted in his retirement was
President of the "Filippo Turati" Foundation for Historical Studies of Florence inaugurated in 1985 and dedicated to recording and preserving the history of
1023:
1140:, with whom he met often both for official and private occasions, and had frequent phone conversations. In "Accanto a Giovanni Paolo II", he is known to have referred to his mother looking over him in heaven, moved that her atheist son was friends with the Pope.
1688:
With the ardor of those who drove merchants from the temple, Speaker
Pertini ordered to drive away the "whips" from the aisle, accelerating the outcome of the presidential election in 1971 :
1740:
1551:
1511:
1471:
1431:
1391:
1349:
1307:
436:
407:
2217:
2487:
3232:
3332:
3327:
772:, who was the most prominent figure of the PSU. Pertini remained in the country until 1926 working as a mason. According to the Italian historian of Freemasonry
3262:
2210:
773:
1816:
3252:
2226:
1997:
1737:
1099:
just two days after the fourth anniversary of his inauguration. After Italy scored their third goal, he wagged his finger to either the German delegation or
230:
1844:
2768:
2430:
2420:
667:
2405:
1881:
2690:
2639:
2395:
2203:
979:
3247:
2696:
1151:, and stayed until late in the night when he was told that the Pope was not in danger anymore. He recalled the event later that year in the annual
1247:
2744:
1255:
3292:
3272:
2102:
2077:
780:
who were in exile in France. This hypothesis seems unsupported by known documents from archives. On his return to Italy, he was arrested in
3322:
3287:
3277:
3267:
3237:
3000:
3282:
3257:
3227:
2975:
610:
131:
1771:
1148:
1691:
856:
570:
886:, as well as corruption in the Italian state and within the Socialist Party, where he kept an independent political position.
3079:
2936:
2632:
1756:
1620:
1011:, Pertini openly denounced the violence. He also opposed organized crime in Italy, South African apartheid, Chilean dictator
698:
519:
89:
1914:
3144:
61:
3337:
3307:
2234:
3094:
3084:
2185:
995:
68:
3312:
3053:
3048:
2070:
998:
954:
108:
936:
3163:
2625:
1176:
3302:
3175:
3057:
1841:
1796:
928:
42:
1899:
75:
3317:
3297:
3131:
2272:
2262:
2107:
1096:
1016:
984:
932:
674:
socialist who contributed to his approach to socialism and probably introduced him to the inner circles of the
331:
46:
3122:
3103:
3074:
3005:
2524:
2512:
1596:
1541:
1501:
1461:
1421:
1381:
1339:
1302:
1297:
860:
415:
623:; 25 September 1896 – 24 February 1990) was an Italian socialist politician and statesman who served as the
3242:
2708:
2678:
2063:
1878:
1092:
57:
3126:
3020:
3010:
2097:
1546:
1506:
1466:
1426:
1386:
1344:
1035:
890:
816:
386:
2541:
2310:
1990:
1726:
1168:
726:
585:
353:
253:
3117:
3112:
2931:
2470:
2435:
1084:
1060:
831:
raid. Pertini then travelled north to organize partisan war as an executive member of PSI (alongside
744:(Original: "Alla più perfetta delle dittature preferirò sempre la più imperfetta delle democrazie.".)
3189:
3107:
3065:
1112:, Italy's and the tournament's top scorer, later said: "I remember that when he welcomed us at the
917:
3089:
3070:
2970:
2648:
1964:
1558:
1518:
1478:
1438:
1398:
1356:
1314:
1046:
the socialist movement in Italy. In
December 1988 Pertini was the first person to be awarded the
921:
879:
872:
824:
524:
273:
35:
2195:
3061:
2581:
1189:
1103:
644:
574:
1610:
1047:
1007:
868:
807:
and until 1943. Although he had begun suffering from severe illness, Pertini never demanded
777:
713:("Cooperation"; 1924). While in the city, Pertini also came into contact with people such as
82:
3222:
3217:
2995:
2980:
2890:
2878:
2860:
2836:
2684:
2666:
2561:
2252:
2165:
2160:
1975:
788:
1636:
882:, Pertini was suspicious of many policies enforced by the PSI. He criticized all forms of
8:
3169:
2947:
2908:
2390:
2380:
2365:
1124:
855:
After the war ended in Italy on 25 April 1945 and the monarchy was abolished through the
828:
679:
566:
3099:
2960:
2738:
2726:
2566:
2425:
2415:
2385:
2370:
2360:
2325:
2305:
2170:
2086:
2024:
1221:
1031:
844:
640:
624:
191:
156:
1699:
2902:
2848:
2586:
2519:
2455:
2450:
2335:
2242:
2175:
2155:
2034:
1672:
1616:
1152:
1039:
749:
714:
706:
693:, Pertini opposed the war, but nonetheless enlisted in the army where he served as a
223:
183:
752:
by
Fascists in 1924, Pertini became even more committed to the struggle against the
3025:
2990:
2798:
2780:
2702:
2576:
2531:
2507:
2440:
2400:
2330:
2292:
2140:
2130:
2120:
1144:
1100:
1012:
812:
619:
492:
195:
179:
1653:
2954:
2941:
2884:
2830:
2812:
2774:
2750:
2606:
2591:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2300:
2277:
2257:
1885:
1863:
1848:
1202:
1198:
1172:
1113:
832:
796:
765:
753:
742:"To the most perfect dictatorship, I will always prefer an imperfect democracy.".
636:
537:
488:
308:
187:
2985:
2802:
2762:
2756:
2732:
2714:
2672:
2596:
2536:
2460:
2320:
2282:
2247:
2145:
2017:
1156:
800:
769:
761:
722:
718:
690:
211:
1720:
1128:
President Sandro
Pertini and Pope John Paul II on a secret skiing trip on Mt.
871:. In the postwar era, he was a prominent member of the directive board of the
3211:
2896:
2866:
2720:
2571:
2551:
2445:
2410:
2375:
2267:
2135:
2125:
2007:
1744:
1234:
1194:
1073:
1065:
1002:
987:
265:
199:
3182:
3136:
2854:
2818:
2806:
2792:
2601:
2482:
2315:
1956:
1825:
1239:
1210:
1137:
1077:
820:
804:
296:
2617:
1864:"Pertini, the partisan president in the amazing comics of Andrea Pazienza"
1676:
1216:
Pertini has been mentioned in some verses of several
Italian songs, as in
697:
and was decorated for bravery. After the armistice in 1918, he joined the
141:
3031:
2914:
2872:
2842:
2556:
2465:
1109:
883:
836:
730:
686:
2786:
757:
694:
561:
375:
341:
2055:
1116:
after our win, he rose and said: 'This is my best day as
President.'"
2042:
1069:
972:
792:
776:, during that period Pertini had relationships with exponents of the
671:
1930:
906:
827:. Arrested by the Germans, he was sentenced to death but freed by a
24:
1263:
1229:
1129:
702:
1938:
1030:
In 1981, Pertini presided over the formation of the government by
967:
3015:
2965:
2475:
2225:
1759:. The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic.
1022:
736:
675:
648:
1209:("The Partisan Pert"), a comedy strip portraying Pertini during
1915:"Sandro Pertini, our president ever, historical figure and man"
1669:
Storia della massoneria italiana Dalle origini ai nostri giorni
1088:
808:
660:
656:
643:) as the son of a wealthy landowner, Alberto, he studied at a
2499:
1608:
840:
1817:"Lizzani: Pertini wrote to me that Audisio didn't shoot the
781:
508:
733:
on several occasions, but never lost faith in his ideals.
1197:, there is a character inspired by Pertini, performed by
678:
labour movements. Pertini obtained a law degree from the
1772:"PALME IS NAMED A RECIPIENT OF AN F.D.R. FREEDOM MEDAL"
1722:
Video on
Pertini exulting at the Italian team's victory
768:, he organized and accompanied the escape to France of
1609:
Ferrarová, E.; Ferrarová, M.; Pospíšilová, V. (2017).
1119:
760:
but managed to go into hiding. Later, together with
784:, tried, and sentenced to ten years' imprisonment.
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
3233:Unitary Socialist Party (Italy, 1922) politicians
878:In spite of his intransigent attitude toward the
3333:Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor
3209:
1136:Sandro Pertini had a close friendship with Pope
803:, where he remained through Italy's entry into
3328:Recipients of the Gold Medal of Military Valor
1900:"The 5 best songs dedicated to Sandro Pertini"
1171:. On 11 October 1979, President of Yugoslavia
1015:and other dictatorial regimes, as well as the
737:Opposition to Fascism and Resistance to Nazism
3263:Presidents of the Chamber of Deputies (Italy)
2633:
2227:Presidents of the Italian Chamber of Deputies
2211:
2071:
1757:"Presidential Address of New Year's Eve 1981"
867:), the body that prepared the new republican
3253:Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy
1260:Pertini Is A Genius, Mirinzini Is Not Famous
843:uprising of 25 April 1945, which led to the
2647:
935:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
823:occupiers and Mussolini's new regime – the
729:. Pertini was physically beaten by Fascist
2640:
2626:
2218:
2204:
2078:
2064:
971:President Sandro Pertini in his office at
140:
1612:Italština pro samouky a věčné začátečníky
1599:, he was automatically nominated senator.
955:Learn how and when to remove this message
286:1 August 1945 – 18 December 1945
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1965:Secretary of the Italian Socialist Party
1213:with the same cartoonist as his helper.
1123:
1064:
1021:
978:
966:
896:
359:29 June 1985 – 24 February 1990
3248:Members of the National Council (Italy)
2085:
1689:
1054:
990:review troops at Quirinale Palace, 1982
875:(the PSI, which the PSU had rejoined).
428:25 June 1946 – 31 January 1948
3210:
2047:
1738:Article on emagazine.credit-suisse.com
1671:, Milan. Bompiani, 1992, pp. 782-783.
857:1946 Italian constitutional referendum
748:After the assassination of PSU leader
651:, and completed his schooling at the "
571:University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
2937:Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
2621:
2199:
2059:
2046:
1933:Associazione Nazionale Sandro Pertini
1769:
1182:
1162:
1038:Italian government since the time of
994:In 1978, the 81-year-old Pertini was
756:regime. In 1926, he was sentenced to
618:
3293:Deputies of Legislature VII of Italy
3273:Deputies of Legislature III of Italy
1998:President of the Chamber of Deputies
1285:
1269:
933:adding citations to reliable sources
900:
231:President of the Chamber of Deputies
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
16:President of Italy from 1978 to 1985
3323:Italian resistance movement members
3288:Deputies of Legislature VI of Italy
3278:Deputies of Legislature IV of Italy
3268:Deputies of Legislature II of Italy
3238:Italian Socialist Party politicians
1692:"Il rugby e l'immortalità del nome"
1120:Relationship with Pope John Paul II
550:
476:Alessandro Giuseppe Antonio Pertini
399:25 June 1953 – 7 July 1978
169:9 July 1978 – 29 June 1985
13:
3283:Deputies of Legislature V of Italy
3258:Senators of Legislature I of Italy
3228:People from the Province of Savona
3095:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
3085:Maximalist Italian Socialist Party
1770:Blair, William G. (5 March 1986).
1147:as soon as he heard that the Pope
370:8 May 1948 – 24 June 1953
243:5 June 1968 – 4 July 1976
14:
3349:
3049:Italian Reformist Socialist Party
1924:
1797:"Svečana večera u čast Pertinija"
999:President of the Italian Republic
3145:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
2184:
1931:A biography of Pertini from the
1566:
1526:
1486:
1446:
1406:
1365:
1323:
1177:Order of the Yugoslav Great Star
905:
889:He was elected president of the
839:). He had a primary role in the
811:. He was released a month after
620:[(ales)ˈsandroperˈtiːni]
584:
23:
3058:Fasci Italiani di Combattimento
1905:
1890:
1869:
1854:
1832:
1807:
1789:
1763:
1555:
1515:
1475:
1435:
1395:
1353:
1311:
1143:On 13 May 1981, he went to the
1051:was mourned across the nation.
546:
34:needs additional citations for
3132:Italian Socialist Party (2007)
3054:Fascio d'Azione Rivoluzionaria
2108:Presidential standard of Italy
1879:"Pertini" on andreapazienza.it
1749:
1731:
1714:
1682:
1661:
1647:
1629:
1602:
1589:
1552:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona
1512:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona
1472:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona
1432:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona
1392:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona
1350:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona
1308:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona
1205:created the comic book series
1017:Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
437:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona
408:Genoa–Imperia–La Spezia–Savona
1:
3104:Italian Democratic Socialists
3075:International Communist Party
3006:National Liberation Committee
1803:(10738): 12. 12 October 1979.
1597:Constituent Assembly of Italy
1582:
859:, Pertini was elected to the
850:
630:
1246:("Dear President", 1984) by
1228:("Daddy Rock", 1982) by the
1220:("under the rain", 1982) by
1155:Presidential Address to the
7:
3127:New Italian Socialist Party
3011:Italian resistance movement
1690:Buonomo, Giampiero (2015).
891:Italian Chamber of Deputies
817:Italian resistance movement
787:In 1935 he was interned on
705:where he also graduated in
685:Aged 19 when Italy entered
666:His philosophy teacher was
10:
3354:
3338:Exiled Italian politicians
3308:University of Genoa alumni
3148:(social-democrats faction)
3140:(social-democrats faction)
1991:Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci
1058:
701:, PSU, then he settled in
254:Brunetto Bucciarelli-Ducci
3156:
3118:Reformist Socialist Party
3041:
3001:Division over World War I
2924:
2657:
2498:
2291:
2233:
2182:
2116:
2093:
2053:
2031:
2022:
2014:
2004:
1995:
1987:
1982:
1972:
1961:
1953:
1948:
1940:Fondazione Sandro Pertini
1851:(lastoriasiamonoi.rai.it)
1615:(in Czech). p. 387.
1291:
1288:
1282:
1279:
1276:
1238:("The Italian", 1983) by
1167:In 1986, he received the
1061:1982 FIFA World Cup Final
815:'s arrest and joined the
592:
580:
560:
531:
515:
498:
471:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
446:
432:
421:
413:
403:
392:
384:
363:
350:
337:
329:
325:
318:
314:
302:
290:
279:
271:
259:
247:
236:
229:
217:
205:
173:
162:
155:
151:
139:
125:
3313:Italian anti-capitalists
3190:Alliance of Progressives
3164:Popular Democratic Front
3066:Republican Fascist Party
3026:Banco Ambrosiano scandal
1949:Party political offices
1847:29 December 2012 at the
1005:terrorism period of the
3176:Unified Socialist Party
3080:Unitary Socialist Party
3071:Italian Communist Party
2971:Revolutionary socialism
2650:Italian Socialist Party
1884:4 February 2017 at the
1654:Frasi di Sandro Pertini
880:Italian Communist Party
873:Italian Socialist Party
825:Italian Social Republic
709:with a thesis entitled
699:Unitary Socialist Party
274:Italian Socialist Party
146:Official portrait, 1978
3303:Politicians of Liguria
3062:National Fascist Party
2932:Italian Workers' Party
2103:List by time in office
1190:Last Days of Mussolini
1133:
1080:
1027:
1026:Pertini in 1972 - 1976
991:
976:
845:execution of Mussolini
746:
575:University of Florence
332:Senate of the Republic
320:Parliamentary offices
3318:Italian anti-fascists
3298:Italian life senators
1127:
1083:Pertini attended the
1076:, Sandro Pertini and
1068:
1048:Otto Hahn Peace Medal
1025:
982:
970:
897:President (1978–1985)
778:Grand Orient of Italy
740:
2996:Democratic socialism
2981:National syndicalism
2891:Francesco De Martino
2879:Francesco De Martino
2861:Francesco De Martino
2837:Ivan Matteo Lombardo
2166:Carlo Azeglio Ciampi
2161:Oscar Luigi Scalfaro
1976:Ivan Matteo Lombardo
1842:"Il Partigiano Pert"
1643:. 21 September 2023.
1637:"Alessandro Pertini"
1303:Constituent Assembly
1175:awarded Pertini the
1091:for a match between
1085:1982 World Cup Final
1055:1982 World Cup Final
1036:Christian Democratic
929:improve this section
869:Italian Constitution
861:Constituent Assembly
789:Santo Stefano Island
774:Aldo Alessandro Mola
416:Constituent Assembly
43:improve this article
3243:Presidents of Italy
3170:Organic centre-left
2986:Reformist socialism
2909:Ottaviano Del Turco
2235:Kingdom of Sardinia
2087:Presidents of Italy
1902:(orrorea33giri.com)
1743:19 January 2013 at
1595:As a member of the
1547:Chamber of Deputies
1507:Chamber of Deputies
1467:Chamber of Deputies
1427:Chamber of Deputies
1387:Chamber of Deputies
1345:Chamber of Deputies
1114:Presidential Palace
799:, an island in the
689:on the side of the
680:University of Genoa
627:from 1978 to 1985.
567:University of Genoa
387:Chamber of Deputies
3100:Italian Socialists
3021:Sigonella incident
2739:Costantino Lazzari
2727:Costantino Lazzari
2171:Giorgio Napolitano
2048:Alessandro Pertini
2025:President of Italy
1983:Political offices
1917:(quotidianpost.it)
1801:Slobodna Dalmacija
1776:The New York Times
1222:Antonello Venditti
1207:Il Partigiano Pert
1201:. In early 1980s,
1183:In popular culture
1163:Honours and awards
1134:
1081:
1032:Giovanni Spadolini
1028:
992:
977:
641:Province of Savona
625:president of Italy
192:Giovanni Spadolini
157:President of Italy
3205:
3204:
3199:
3198:
3149:
3141:
3113:Labour Federation
2903:Giorgio Benvenuto
2849:Alberto Jacometti
2769:Domenico Fioritto
2685:Carlo Dell'Avalle
2667:Carlo Dell'Avalle
2615:
2614:
2542:Bucciarelli-Ducci
2193:
2192:
2176:Sergio Mattarella
2156:Francesco Cossiga
2041:
2040:
2035:Francesco Cossiga
2032:Succeeded by
2005:Succeeded by
1973:Succeeded by
1622:978-80-266-0745-8
1580:
1579:
1270:Electoral history
1187:In the 1975 film
1132:, on 16 June 1984
965:
964:
957:
750:Giacomo Matteotti
715:Gaetano Salvemini
707:political science
659:(high school) in
596:
595:
486:25 September 1896
442:
441:
272:Secretary of the
224:Francesco Cossiga
184:Francesco Cossiga
119:
118:
111:
93:
3345:
3147:
3139:
3108:Socialist League
2991:Social democracy
2925:Related articles
2799:Giuseppe Saragat
2781:Olindo Vernocchi
2703:Savino Varazzani
2660:
2651:
2642:
2635:
2628:
2619:
2618:
2500:Italian Republic
2293:Kingdom of Italy
2220:
2213:
2206:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2141:Giuseppe Saragat
2131:Giovanni Gronchi
2121:Enrico De Nicola
2080:
2073:
2066:
2057:
2056:
2044:
2043:
2015:Preceded by
1988:Preceded by
1967:
1954:Preceded by
1946:
1945:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1898:
1894:
1888:
1877:
1873:
1867:
1866:(slumberland.it)
1862:
1858:
1852:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1815:
1811:
1805:
1804:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1747:
1735:
1729:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1702:on 1 August 2012
1698:. Archived from
1686:
1680:
1679:, FRBNF38774140.
1665:
1659:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1633:
1627:
1626:
1606:
1600:
1593:
1573:
1570:
1569:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1453:
1450:
1449:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1376:
1372:
1369:
1368:
1334:
1330:
1327:
1326:
1274:
1273:
1218:Sotto la pioggia
1145:Gemelli Hospital
1034:, the first non
1013:Augusto Pinochet
960:
953:
949:
946:
940:
909:
901:
813:Benito Mussolini
668:Adelchi Baratono
622:
617:
613:
588:
554:
552:
548:
505:
502:24 February 1990
493:Kingdom of Italy
485:
483:
467:Personal details
426:
397:
368:
357:
316:
315:
305:
293:
284:
262:
250:
241:
220:
208:
196:Amintore Fanfani
180:Giulio Andreotti
176:
167:
144:
134:
123:
122:
114:
107:
103:
100:
94:
92:
58:"Sandro Pertini"
51:
27:
19:
3353:
3352:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3344:
3343:
3342:
3208:
3207:
3206:
3201:
3200:
3195:
3152:
3123:Socialist Party
3090:Socialist Unity
3037:
2955:Critica Sociale
2942:Fasci Siciliani
2920:
2885:Giacomo Mancini
2831:Rodolfo Morandi
2813:Giuseppe Romita
2775:Tito Oro Nobili
2751:Nicola Bombacci
2691:Alfredo Bertesi
2658:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2616:
2611:
2494:
2287:
2229:
2224:
2194:
2189:
2180:
2112:
2089:
2084:
2049:
2037:
2028:
2020:
2010:
2001:
1993:
1978:
1969:
1963:
1959:
1927:
1922:
1921:
1911:
1910:
1906:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1886:Wayback Machine
1875:
1874:
1870:
1860:
1859:
1855:
1849:Wayback Machine
1838:
1837:
1833:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1780:
1778:
1768:
1764:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1736:
1732:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1696:L'Ago e Il Filo
1687:
1683:
1666:
1662:
1652:
1648:
1635:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1607:
1603:
1594:
1590:
1585:
1571:
1567:
1531:
1527:
1491:
1487:
1451:
1447:
1411:
1407:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1272:
1244:Caro Presidente
1203:Andrea Pazienza
1199:Sergio Graziani
1185:
1165:
1122:
1063:
1057:
961:
950:
944:
941:
926:
910:
899:
853:
833:Rodolfo Morandi
797:Pontine Islands
766:Ferruccio Parri
743:
739:
717:, the brothers
711:La Cooperazione
633:
615:
609:
573:
569:
556:
544:
540:
538:Carla Voltolina
523:
516:Political party
507:
503:
487:
481:
479:
478:
477:
427:
422:
398:
393:
371:
369:
364:
358:
351:
346:
321:
309:Rodolfo Morandi
303:
291:
285:
280:
260:
248:
242:
237:
218:
206:
198:
194:
190:
188:Arnaldo Forlani
186:
182:
174:
168:
163:
147:
135:
130:
128:
115:
104:
98:
95:
52:
50:
40:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3351:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3187:
3179:
3173:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3129:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3068:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2951:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2928:
2926:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2858:
2852:
2846:
2840:
2834:
2828:
2825:Sandro Pertini
2822:
2816:
2810:
2803:Oddino Morgari
2796:
2790:
2784:
2778:
2772:
2766:
2763:Giovanni Bacci
2760:
2757:Egidio Gennari
2754:
2748:
2742:
2736:
2733:Egidio Gennari
2730:
2724:
2718:
2715:Oddino Morgari
2712:
2706:
2700:
2697:Enrico Bertini
2694:
2688:
2682:
2676:
2673:Filippo Turati
2670:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2645:
2644:
2637:
2630:
2622:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2517:
2504:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2493:
2492:
2480:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2297:
2295:
2289:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2239:
2237:
2231:
2230:
2223:
2222:
2215:
2208:
2200:
2191:
2190:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2151:Sandro Pertini
2148:
2146:Giovanni Leone
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2111:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2083:
2082:
2075:
2068:
2060:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2039:
2038:
2033:
2030:
2021:
2018:Giovanni Leone
2016:
2012:
2011:
2006:
2003:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1971:
1960:
1955:
1951:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1936:
1926:
1925:External links
1923:
1920:
1919:
1904:
1889:
1868:
1853:
1831:
1806:
1788:
1762:
1748:
1730:
1713:
1681:
1660:
1646:
1628:
1621:
1601:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1538:
1537:
1524:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1484:
1481:
1476:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1444:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1362:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1320:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1271:
1268:
1262:(2007) by the
1254:(1984) by the
1184:
1181:
1164:
1161:
1157:Italian People
1153:New Year's Eve
1121:
1118:
1059:Main article:
1056:
1053:
1008:Anni di piombo
963:
962:
913:
911:
904:
898:
895:
865:La Costituente
852:
849:
801:Tyrrhenian Sea
770:Filippo Turati
762:Carlo Rosselli
738:
735:
723:Nello Rosselli
691:Triple Entente
632:
629:
594:
593:
590:
589:
582:
578:
577:
564:
558:
557:
542:
536:
535:
533:
529:
528:
517:
513:
512:
506:(aged 93)
500:
496:
495:
475:
473:
469:
468:
464:
463:
460:
459:
456:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
444:
443:
440:
439:
434:
430:
429:
419:
418:
414:Member of the
411:
410:
405:
401:
400:
390:
389:
385:Member of the
382:
381:
361:
360:
348:
347:
338:
335:
334:
330:Member of the
327:
326:
323:
322:
319:
312:
311:
306:
300:
299:
294:
288:
287:
277:
276:
269:
268:
263:
257:
256:
251:
245:
244:
234:
233:
227:
226:
221:
215:
214:
212:Giovanni Leone
209:
203:
202:
177:
175:Prime Minister
171:
170:
160:
159:
153:
152:
149:
148:
145:
137:
136:
129:
127:Sandro Pertini
126:
117:
116:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3350:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3213:
3191:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3155:
3146:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2956:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2929:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2897:Bettino Craxi
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2867:Mario Tanassi
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2791:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2776:
2773:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2761:
2758:
2755:
2752:
2749:
2746:
2743:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2728:
2725:
2722:
2721:Pompeo Ciotti
2719:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2707:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2652:
2643:
2638:
2636:
2631:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2620:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2521:
2518:
2515:
2514:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2497:
2490:
2489:
2484:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2457:
2454:
2452:
2449:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2281:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2198:
2187:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2136:Antonio Segni
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Luigi Einaudi
2124:
2122:
2119:
2118:
2115:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2095:
2092:
2088:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2069:
2067:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2052:
2045:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2019:
2013:
2009:
2008:Pietro Ingrao
2000:
1999:
1992:
1986:
1981:
1977:
1968:
1966:
1958:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1929:
1928:
1916:
1908:
1901:
1893:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1872:
1865:
1857:
1850:
1846:
1843:
1835:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1820:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1792:
1777:
1773:
1766:
1758:
1752:
1746:
1745:archive.today
1742:
1739:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1701:
1697:
1693:
1685:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1664:
1658:
1657:Frasimania.it
1655:
1650:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1624:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1576:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1496:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1456:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1416:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1321:
1318:
1316:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1283:Constituency
1275:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1252:Pertini Dance
1249:
1248:Daniele Shook
1245:
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1223:
1219:
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1195:Carlo Lizzani
1192:
1191:
1180:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1169:Freedom medal
1160:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1149:had been shot
1146:
1141:
1139:
1131:
1126:
1117:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1105:
1104:Juan Carlos I
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1074:Franco Causio
1071:
1067:
1062:
1052:
1049:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1004:
1003:Brigate Rosse
1000:
997:
989:
988:Ronald Reagan
986:
981:
974:
969:
959:
956:
948:
938:
934:
930:
924:
923:
919:
914:This section
912:
908:
903:
902:
894:
892:
887:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
848:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
785:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
745:
734:
732:
728:
727:Ernesto Rossi
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
683:
681:
677:
673:
669:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
628:
626:
621:
612:
608:
604:
600:
591:
587:
583:
579:
576:
572:
568:
565:
563:
559:
539:
534:
530:
526:
521:
518:
514:
510:
501:
497:
494:
490:
474:
470:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
438:
435:
431:
425:
420:
417:
412:
409:
406:
402:
396:
391:
388:
383:
379:
378:
377:
367:
362:
356:
355:
349:
345:
344:
343:
336:
333:
328:
324:
317:
313:
310:
307:
301:
298:
295:
289:
283:
278:
275:
270:
267:
266:Pietro Ingrao
264:
258:
255:
252:
246:
240:
235:
232:
228:
225:
222:
216:
213:
210:
204:
201:
200:Bettino Craxi
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
178:
172:
166:
161:
158:
154:
150:
143:
138:
133:
124:
121:
113:
110:
102:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67:
63:
60: –
59:
55:
54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
3183:Pentapartito
3181:
3137:Forza Italia
3030:
2953:
2946:
2855:Pietro Nenni
2824:
2819:Pietro Nenni
2807:Angelo Tasca
2793:Pietro Nenni
2745:Arturo Vella
2709:Enrico Ferri
2679:Enrico Ferri
2546:
2523:
2511:
2486:
2474:
2273:Bon Compagni
2263:Bon Compagni
2150:
2023:
1996:
1962:
1957:Pietro Nenni
1939:
1932:
1912:(in Italian)
1907:
1897:(in Italian)
1892:
1876:(in Italian)
1871:
1861:(in Italian)
1856:
1839:(in Italian)
1834:
1826:La Provincia
1824:
1818:
1814:(in Italian)
1809:
1800:
1791:
1779:. Retrieved
1775:
1765:
1751:
1733:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:the original
1695:
1684:
1668:
1663:
1656:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1611:
1604:
1591:
1574:
1534:
1494:
1454:
1414:
1373:
1331:
1259:
1256:S.C.O.R.T.A.
1251:
1243:
1240:Toto Cutugno
1233:
1225:
1217:
1215:
1211:World War II
1206:
1188:
1186:
1166:
1142:
1138:John Paul II
1135:
1108:
1097:West Germany
1082:
1078:Enzo Bearzot
1044:
1029:
1006:
993:
983:Pertini and
951:
945:October 2021
942:
927:Please help
915:
888:
877:
864:
854:
819:against the
805:World War II
786:
754:totalitarian
747:
741:
710:
684:
665:
652:
634:
606:
602:
598:
597:
504:(1990-02-24)
433:Constituency
423:
404:Constituency
394:
374:
373:
365:
352:
340:
339:
304:Succeeded by
297:Pietro Nenni
281:
261:Succeeded by
238:
219:Succeeded by
164:
120:
105:
99:October 2021
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3223:1990 deaths
3218:1896 births
3186:(1981-1993)
3178:(1966-1971)
3172:(1962-1976)
3166:(1947-1948)
3042:Derivatives
3032:Mani pulite
2976:Maximalists
2915:Valdo Spini
2911:(1993–1994)
2899:(1976–1993)
2893:(1972–1976)
2887:(1970–1972)
2881:(1969–1970)
2875:(1968–1969)
2873:Mauro Ferri
2869:(1966–1968)
2863:(1963–1968)
2857:(1949–1963)
2851:(1948–1949)
2845:(1947–1948)
2843:Lelio Basso
2839:(1946–1947)
2833:(1945–1946)
2821:(1943–1945)
2815:(1942–1943)
2809:(1939–1942)
2795:(1933–1939)
2789:(1930–1932)
2783:(1925–1930)
2777:(1923–1925)
2771:(1921–1923)
2759:(1920–1921)
2753:(1919–1920)
2741:(1918–1919)
2729:(1912–1918)
2723:(1908–1912)
2717:(1906–1908)
2711:(1904–1906)
2705:(1900–1904)
2699:(1899–1900)
2693:(1898–1899)
2687:(1896–1898)
2675:(1895–1896)
2669:(1892–1894)
1667:Aldo Mola,
1110:Paolo Rossi
884:colonialism
837:Lelio Basso
821:Nazi German
687:World War I
647:college in
527:(1930–1990)
522:(1924–1930)
354:Life tenure
292:Preceded by
249:Preceded by
207:Preceded by
3212:Categories
2961:Red Guards
2787:Ugo Coccia
2587:Bertinotti
2567:Napolitano
2391:Zanardelli
2381:Zanardelli
2366:Zanardelli
2029:1978–1985
2002:1968–1976
1781:7 December
1641:Britannica
1583:References
1235:L'Italiano
1226:Babbo Rock
1040:De Gasperi
851:Prominence
758:internment
695:lieutenant
631:Early life
599:Alessandro
562:Alma mater
482:1896-09-25
376:Ex officio
342:Ex officio
69:newspapers
3157:Alliances
2659:Secretary
2520:Terracini
2451:Casertano
2441:De Nicola
2426:Biancheri
2416:Biancheri
2396:Chinaglia
2386:Biancheri
2371:Biancheri
2361:Biancheri
2326:Biancheri
1677:463003899
1277:Election
1070:Dino Zoff
985:President
973:Quirinale
916:does not
893:in 1968.
793:Ventotene
672:reformist
653:Chiabrera
581:Signature
424:In office
395:In office
366:In office
282:In office
239:In office
165:In office
2597:Boldrini
2577:Violante
2562:Scalfaro
2311:Cassinis
2301:Rattazzi
2278:Rattazzi
2258:Rattazzi
2243:Gioberti
1882:Archived
1845:Archived
1741:Archived
1706:13 April
1264:Ex-Otago
1230:Skiantos
1130:Adamello
829:partisan
703:Florence
676:Ligurian
645:Salesian
635:Born in
616:Italian:
3016:Craxism
2966:Marxism
2948:Avanti!
2607:Fontana
2572:Pivetti
2547:Pertini
2532:Gronchi
2508:Saragat
2476:de jure
2471:Orlando
2456:Giurati
2436:Orlando
2431:Marcora
2421:Marcora
2401:Colombo
2356:Coppino
2346:Coppino
2336:Cairoli
2306:Tecchio
2268:Cadorna
2253:Pinelli
1727:YouTube
1575:Elected
1563:35,506
1535:Elected
1523:53,657
1495:Elected
1483:24,235
1455:Elected
1443:22,579
1415:Elected
1403:19,966
1374:Elected
1361:22,802
1332:Elected
1319:27,870
1292:Result
996:elected
937:removed
922:sources
649:Varazze
607:Pertini
555:
543:
511:, Italy
83:scholar
3192:(1994)
2917:(1994)
2905:(1993)
2827:(1945)
2765:(1921)
2747:(1919)
2735:(1918)
2681:(1896)
2582:Casini
2552:Ingrao
2483:Sforza
2466:Grandi
2351:Farini
2341:Farini
2331:Crispi
2248:Pareto
1675:
1619:
1289:Votes
1286:Party
1280:House
1089:Madrid
975:palace
809:pardon
795:(LT),
731:squads
725:, and
661:Savona
657:lyceum
637:Stella
603:Sandro
549:
532:Spouse
489:Stella
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
2557:Iotti
2537:Leone
2461:Ciano
2446:Rocco
2411:Villa
2406:Gallo
2376:Villa
2321:Lanza
2283:Lanza
1970:1945
1315:PSIUP
1093:Italy
841:Milan
719:Carlo
553:)
545:(
541:
90:JSTOR
76:books
2805:and
2602:Fico
2592:Fini
2525:C.A.
2513:C.A.
2488:N.C.
2316:Mari
2098:List
1819:Duce
1783:2023
1708:2016
1673:OCLC
1617:ISBN
1542:1976
1502:1972
1462:1968
1422:1963
1382:1958
1340:1953
1298:1946
1173:Tito
1101:King
1095:and
920:any
918:cite
835:and
782:Pisa
764:and
721:and
670:, a
611:OMCA
551:1946
509:Rome
499:Died
472:Born
132:OMCA
62:news
1725:on
1559:PSI
1519:PSI
1479:PSI
1439:PSI
1399:PSI
1357:PSI
1193:by
1087:in
931:by
525:PSI
520:PSU
45:by
3214::
3125:/
3106:/
3102:/
3073:/
3064:/
3060:/
3056:/
2801:,
1799:.
1774:.
1694:.
1639:.
1266:.
1258:,
1250:,
1242:,
1232:,
1224:,
1179:.
1159:.
1072:,
1042:.
1019:.
847:.
791:,
682:.
663:.
655:"
605:"
547:m.
491:,
2641:e
2634:t
2627:v
2528:)
2522:(
2516:)
2510:(
2491:)
2485:(
2479:)
2473:(
2219:e
2212:t
2205:v
2079:e
2072:t
2065:v
1829:)
1823:(
1821:"
1785:.
1710:.
1625:.
1572:Y
1532:Y
1492:Y
1452:Y
1412:Y
1371:Y
1329:Y
958:)
952:(
947:)
943:(
939:.
925:.
863:(
639:(
614:(
601:"
484:)
480:(
380:)
372:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.