Progressivism in the United States

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documenting the high costs of long working hours for both individuals and society. The progressives' quest for efficiency was sometimes at odds with the progressives' quest for democracy. Taking power out of the hands of elected officials and placing that power in the hands of professional administrators reduced the voice of the politicians and in turn reduced the voice of the people. Centralized decision-making by trained experts and reduced power for local wards made government less corrupt but more distant and isolated from the people it served. Progressives who emphasized the need for efficiency typically argued that trained independent experts could make better decisions than the local politicians. In his influential

1910: 1372: 1002:. Many cities created municipal "reference bureaus" which did expert surveys of government departments looking for waste and inefficiency. After in-depth surveys, local and even state governments were reorganized to reduce the number of officials and to eliminate overlapping areas of authority between departments. City governments were reorganized to reduce the power of local ward bosses and to increase the powers of the city council. Governments at every level began developing budgets to help them plan their expenditures rather than spending money haphazardly as needs arose and revenue became available. Governor 1103: 1758: 1146:, the reason why women resorted to prostitution was due to the inadequate salaries they received. However, she also mentions the absence of family oversight of female modesty, as young women migrated from rural to urban areas. Although most prostitutes were born in America, the public believed that women were being brought into the United States and later sold into prostitution. The opposition against prostitution could have been a reflection of concerns regarding the influx of immigrants, the growth of cities, the development of industries, and the erosion of established moral standards. 902: 1402:

were made to the system to effectively make legal processes, market transactions, bureaucratic administration and democracy easier to manage, putting them under the classification of "Municipal Administration". There was also a change in authority for this system as it was believed that the authority that was not properly organized had now given authority to professionals, experts and bureaucrats for these services. These changes led to a more solid type of municipal administration compared to the old system that was underdeveloped and poorly constructed.

660: 5605: 1077:—during 1900–1928. Historians of educational reform during the Progressive Era tend to highlight the fact that many progressive policies and reforms were very different and at times even contradictory. At the school district level, contradictory reform policies were often especially apparent, though there is little evidence of confusion among progressive school leaders in Denver, Seattle and Oakland. District leaders in these cities, including 4867: 1306:, which had been taught in American universities since the early nineteenth century and featured prominently in the scientific debate over Darwin’s theory of evolution. Eugenics, which attempted to use genetics and mathematics to validate many racist claims, was its last gasp. The most notable thing about the Progressives is that they were responsible for bringing scientific racism to an end. 1058:. Many educational reforms and innovations generated during this period continued to influence debates and initiatives in American education for the remainder of the 20th century. One of the most apparent legacies of the Progressive Era left to American education was the perennial drive to reform schools and curricula, often as the product of energetic grass-roots movements in the city. 672: 1335:. Typically, the progressive elements in those states pushed for disenfranchisement, often fighting against the conservatism of the Black Belt whites. A major reason given was that whites routinely purchased black votes to control elections, and it was easier to disenfranchise blacks than to go after powerful white men. In the 1392:

advocates of national self-determination? And whatever they were, what was their motivation? Moralistic utopianism? Muddled relativistic pragmatism? Hegemonic capitalism? Not surprisingly many battered scholars began to shout 'no mas!' In 1970, Peter Filene declared that the term 'progressivism' had become meaningless.

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family solvent. Progressives enacted state and federal laws against child labor, but these were overturned by the US Supreme Court. A proposed constitutional amendment was opposed by business and Catholics; it passed Congress but was never ratified by enough states. Child labor was finally outlawed by the

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have endorsed a federally mandated wage increase to $ 15 an hour. The movement has already seen success with its implementation in California with the passing of bill to raise the minimum wage $ 1 every year until reaching $ 15 an hour in 2021. New York workers are lobbying for similar legislation as

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nominations in 1896. At the time, the great majority of other major leaders had been opposed to populism. When Roosevelt left the Republican Party in 1912, he took with him many of the intellectual leaders of progressivism, but very few political leaders. The Republican Party then became notably more

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placed a universal and comprehensive system of education at the top of the progressive agenda, reasoning that if a democracy were to be successful, its leaders, the general public, needed a good education. Progressives worked hard to expand and improve public and private education at all levels. They

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peaked in 1968 at around $ 9.90 an hour in 2020 dollars. Progressives believe that stagnating wages perpetuate income inequality and that raising the minimum wage is a necessary step to combat inequality. If the minimum wage grew at the rate of productivity growth in the United States, it would be $

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The progressives mobilized concerned middle class voters as well as newspapers and magazines to identify problems and concentrate reform sentiment on specific problems. Many Protestants focused on the saloon as the power base for corruption as well as violence and family disruption, so they tried to

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The progressives typically concentrated on city and state government, looking for waste and better ways to provide services as the cities grew rapidly. These changes led to a more structured system, power that had been centralized within the legislature would now be more locally focused. The changes

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keepers and precinct workers, as the culprits who stuffed the ballot boxes. The solution to purifying the vote included prohibition (designed to close down the saloons), voter registration requirements (designed to end multiple voting), and literacy tests (designed to minimize the number of ignorant

938:. Nonetheless, the progressive movement was split over which of the following solutions should be used to regulate corporations. Many progressives argued that industrial monopolies were unnatural economic institutions which suppressed the competition which was necessary for progress and improvement. 1955:

In the 21st century progressives in the United States are advocating for the implementation of legislation that will promote a more equal society and help reduce the gaps between diverse populations in the American society, including the gaps between populations of different races, gender gaps and

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Modern progressives advocate strong environmental protections and measures to reduce or eliminate pollution. One reason for this is the strong link between economic injustice and adverse environmental conditions as groups that are economically marginalized tend to be disproportionately affected by

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to purify the elections using supposedly purer female voters. Progressives in the South supported the elimination of supposedly corrupt black voters from the election booth. Historian Michael Perman says that in both Texas and Georgia "disfranchisement was the weapon as well as the rallying cry in

1835:(CPC) outlined five key healthcare principles they intended to pass into law. The CPC mandated a nationwide public option, affordable health insurance, insurance market regulations, an employer insurance provision mandate and comprehensive services for children. In March 2010, Congress passed the 1359:

e are now intensely occupied in forging the tools of democracy, the direct primary, the initiative, the referendum, the recall, the short ballot, commission government. But in our enthusiasm we do not seem to be aware that these tools will be worthless unless they are used by those who are aflame

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system that stripped party bosses of the power to pick party candidates. The Oregon System included a "Corrupt Practices Act", a public referendum and a state-funded voter's pamphlet, among other reforms which were exported to other states in the Northwest and Midwest. Its high point was in 1912,

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Progressivism emerged as a response to the excesses of the Gilded Age ... . fought for worker's compensation, child labor laws, minimum wage and maximum hours legislation; they enacted anti-trust laws, improved living conditions in urban slums, instituted the graduated income tax, won women the

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children the opportunity to go to school and mature more institutionally, thereby liberating the potential of humanity and encouraging the advancement of humanity. Factory owners generally did not want this progression because of lost workers. Parents relied on the income of children to keep the

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in 1929. Many of the core principles of the progressive movement focused on the need for efficiency in all areas of society, and for greater democratic control over public policy. Purification to eliminate waste and corruption was a powerful element as well as the progressives' support of worker

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in Seattle and Fred M. Hunter in Oakland, often employed a seemingly contradictory set of reforms. Local progressive educators consciously sought to operate independently of national progressive movements as they preferred reforms that were easy to implement and were encouraged to mix and blend

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Since progressivism was and continues to be "in the eyes of the beholder", progressive education encompasses very diverse and sometimes conflicting directions in educational policy. Such enduring legacies of the Progressive Era continue to interest historians. Progressive Era reformers stressed

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What were the central themes that emerged from the cacophony ? Democracy or elitism? Social justice or social control? Small entrepreneurship or concentrated capitalism? And what was the impact of American foreign policy? Were the progressives isolationists or interventionists? Imperialists or

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hoped to make American governments better able to serve the people's needs by making governmental operations and services more efficient and rational. Rather than making legal arguments against ten-hour workdays for women, he used "scientific principles" and data produced by social scientists

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companies could not offer. However, these large corporations might abuse their great power. The federal government should allow these companies to exist, but otherwise regulate them for the public interest. President Roosevelt generally supported this idea and incorporated it as part of his "

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Progressives, such as Benjamin Parke De Witt, argued that, in a modern economy, large corporations and even monopolies were both inevitable and desirable. He argued that with their massive resources and economies of scale, large corporations offered the United States advantages which smaller

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describes American progressivism as a "political movement that addresses ideas, impulses, and issues stemming from modernization of American society. Emerging at the end of the nineteenth century, it established much of the tone of American politics throughout the first half of the century."

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financial regulatory act in 2010 provided increased oversight on financial institutions and the creation of new regulatory agencies, but many progressives argue its broad framework allows for financial institutions to continue to take advantage of consumers and the government. Among others,

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as being "t a glance, ... not much here for 21st-century progressives to claim kinship with. Today's progressives emphasize racial equality and minority rights, decry U.S. imperialism, shun biological ideas in social science, and have little use for piety or proselytizing," Ultimately, both

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During this era of massive reformation among all social aspects, elimination of prostitution was vital for the progressives, especially the women. The anti-prostitution movement involved three main groups: Christians, Progressive Era feminists, and physicians. Many individuals active in the

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system, citing his belief that millions of Americans are still paying too much for health insurance and arguing that millions more do not receive the care they need. In November 2016, an effort was made to implement a single-payer healthcare system in the state of Colorado, known as

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all pursued environmental, political and economic reforms. Chief among these aims was the pursuit of trust busting, the breaking up very large monopolies and support for labor unions, public health programs, decreased corruption in politics and environmental conservation.

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believed that modernization of society necessitated the compulsory education of all children, even if the parents objected. Progressives turned to educational researchers to evaluate the reform agenda by measuring numerous aspects of education, later leading to

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Labor unions grew steadily until 1916, then expanded fast during the war. In 1919, a wave of major strikes alienated the middle class and the strikes were lost which alienated the workers. In the 1920s, the unions were in the doldrums. In 1924, they supported

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Modern progressivism can be seen as encompassing many notable differences from the historical progressivism of the 19th–20th centuries. Some viewpoints of modern progressivism highlight these perceived differences like those of Princeton economics professor

1368:, saying that "initiatives, referendums, and recalls, along with direct primaries and the direct election of US Senators, were the core achievements of 'direct democracy' by the Progressive generation during the first two decades of the twentieth century". 1869:(Amendment 69). Senator Sanders held rallies in Colorado in support of Amendment 69 leading up to the vote. Despite high-profile support, Amendment 69 failed to pass, with just 21.23% of voting Colorado residents voting in favor and 78.77% against. 1090:(teacher's college). The rapid growth in size and complexity the large urban school systems facilitated stabilized employment for women teachers and provided senior teachers greater opportunities to mentor younger teachers. By 1900, most women in 1843:

system. Although considered a partial success by some progressives, many argued that it did not go far enough in achieving healthcare reform as exemplified with the Democrats' failure in achieving a national public option. In recent decades,

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The reformers emphasized professionalization and bureaucratization. The old system whereby ward politicians selected school employees was dropped in the case of teachers and replaced by a merit system requiring a college-level education in a

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anti-prostitution movement shared some of the same perspectives from each of these groups. Jane Addams, one of the most notable of early American social workers, wrote a book addressing prostitution. According to her argument in

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with the sense of brotherhood. ... The idea to establish in each community an institution having a direct and vital relation to the welfare of the neighborhood, ward, or district, and also to the city as a whole.

858:. While the modern progressive movement may be characterized as largely secular in nature, the historical progressive movement was by comparison to a significant extent rooted in and energized by religion. 1956:

socio-economic gaps. Progressives support the promotion of criminal justice reform to rectify systemic injustices, and the eradication of discriminatory practices in areas such as employment and housing.

2215:, 1999), (p.?) 40 also notes that "a plethora of scholarship in the last half of the 1950s left the old consensus in shreds while producing a plethora of alternative views that defy rational synthesis." 1689:

repelled readers with descriptions of Chicago's meatpacking plants and his work led to support for remedial food safety legislation. Leading intellectuals also shaped the progressive mentality. In

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historical progressivism and the modern movement share the notion that the free markets lead to economic inequalities that must be ameliorated in order to best protect the American working class.

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in 1919. The golden day did not dawn as enforcement was lax, especially in the cities where the law had very limited popular support and where notorious criminal gangs such as the Chicago gang of

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in Cleveland, Ohio. In 1901, Johnson won election as mayor of Cleveland on a platform of just taxation, home rule for Ohio cities and a 3-cent streetcar fare. Columbia University President

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When examining the Progressives on race, it is critical to distinguish the views that they inherited from those that they developed. The rise of Progressivism coincided with the death of

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and Vincent P. De Santis argue that the majority of progressives wanted to purify politics. For some Progressives, purification meant taking the vote away from blacks in the South.

1062:"object teaching", meeting the needs of particular constituencies within the school district, equal educational opportunity for boys and girls and avoiding corporal punishment. 5108: 1805: 1526:

was appointed by Roosevelt on March 14, 1907, to study the river systems of the United States, including the development of water power, flood control and land reclamation.

2925: 4585: 4739: 3661: 1817:, which regulated banking more strictly, and for breaking up financial institutions where market-share is concentrated in a select few 'too big to fail' corporations. 3818: 962:. During their presidencies, the otherwise-conservative Taft brought down 90 trusts in four years while Roosevelt took down 44 in seven and a half years in office. 1255: 1780:

and other drivers have caused the gap in income. The rise of income inequality has led progressives to draft legislation including, but not limited to, reforming

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referred to herself as a "progressive who likes to get things done", drawing the ire of a number of Sanders supporters and other critics from her left. Senator

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Rigby, E.; Clark, J. H.; Pelika, S. (1 January 2014). "Party Politics and Enactment of 'Obamacare': A Policy-Centered Analysis of Minority Party Involvement".

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Progressives set up training programs to ensure that welfare and charity work would be undertaken by trained professionals rather than warm-hearted amateurs.

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opposed eugenics on the grounds of his anti-evolution activism. In a paper titled "The Progressives: Racism and Public Law", American legal scholar

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the fight for reform". In Virginia, "the drive for disfranchisement had been initiated by men who saw themselves as reformers, even progressives".

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La Follette has ever sought to give the people greater power over their affairs. He has favored and now favors the direct election of senators ...

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compensation, improved child labor laws, minimum wage legislation, a limited workweek, graduated income tax and allowing women the right to vote.

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Jensen, Richard. "Democracy, Republicanism and Efficiency: The Values of American Politics, 1885–1930," in Byron Shafer and Anthony Badger, eds,

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Victoria-María MacDonald, "The Paradox of Bureaucratization: New Views on Progressive Era Teachers and the Development of a Woman's Profession,"

1616:. These journalists publicized to middle class readers economic privilege, political corruption and social injustice. Their articles appeared in 1486:

On March 14, 1903, President Roosevelt created the first National Bird Preserve, the beginning of the Wildlife Refuge system, on Pelican Island,

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Progressives repeatedly warned that illegal voting was corrupting the political system. They especially identified big-city bosses, working with

702: 5093: 4886: 5634: 5571: 5120: 1191: 4878: 2138:, denounced the party because in their view it was increasingly controlled by Communists. It faded away after winning 2% of the vote in 1948. 5644: 5053: 1539: 1535: 1238:. They saw the saloon as political corruption incarnate and bewailed the damage done to women and children. They believed the consumption of 934:

Most progressives hoped that by regulating large corporations they could liberate human energies from the restrictions imposed by industrial

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Philip J. Ethington, "The Metropolis and Multicultural Ethics: Direct Democracy versus Deliberative Democracy in the Progressive Era," in

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Progressives began to demand stronger Wall Street regulation after they perceived deregulation and relaxed enforcement as leading to the

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Following the first progressive movement of the early 20th century, two later short-lived parties have also identified as progressive.

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Child labor laws were designed to prevent the overuse of children in the newly emerging industries. The goal of these laws was to give

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indicated their classical liberal concern over the danger posed to the individual by the practice of eugenics. Progressive politician

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system in which paid, professional engineers ran the day-to-day affairs of city governments under guidelines established by elected

2047: 2017: 1351:" was exported to many states, including Idaho, Washington and Wisconsin. Many progressives such as George M. Forbes, president of 1160: 1094:, remained as teachers for at least 17.5 years, indicating teaching had become a significant and desirable career path for women. 5575: 5567: 2105: 2081: 2071: 2043: 2037: 4568: 1242:

limited mankind's potential for advancement. Progressives achieved success first with state laws then with the enactment of the

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While the ultimate significance of the progressive movement on today's politics is still up for debate, Alonzo L. Hamby asks:

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typified the leadership of residential, community centers operated by social workers and volunteers and located in inner city

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The progressive movement enlisted support from both major parties and from minor parties as well. One leader, the Democratic

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of 1902 which gave subsidies for irrigation in 13 (eventually 20) Western states. Another conservation-oriented bill was the

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Johnston, Robert D. "Re-Democratizing the Progressive Era: The Politics of Progressive Era Political Historiography,"

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creating doubts about his progressivism. Questions about the precise meaning of the term have persisted within the

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movement, launched in downtown Manhattan, was one high-profile reaction to the financial shenanigans. Passing the

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called it) also cost the federal and local treasuries large sums of taxes. The 18th amendment was repealed by the

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of 1906 that protected large areas of land by allowing the president to declare areas meriting protection to be

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in Wisconsin and others worked to clean up state and local governments by passing laws to weaken the power of

5103: 4602: 4144: 1839:, generally referred to as Obamacare, which was intended to increase the affordability and efficiency of the 1491: 2932:, Cambridge Companions to Philosophy (2 ed.), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 219–245, 2768:

Crusade for the Children: A History of the National Child Labor Committee and Child Labor Reform in America

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Reinventing "the People": The Progressive Movement, the Class Problem and the Origins of Modern Liberalism

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to paper bags, envelopes and salt—as giant money bags looming powerfully over the tiny, weak U.S. Senators

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Progressive economic policies incorporate the socioeconomic principles and views of social democracy and

4712: 2836: 1464:, the largest government-funded conservation-related projects in United States history were undertaken. 3819:"Congressional Progressive Caucus : Health Care Reform : CPC Releases Health Care Principles" 4690: 4131: 3561:

Western, Bruce; Rosenfeld, Jake (August 2011). "Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality".

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Gamson, David (2003). "District Progressivism: Rethinking Reform in Urban School Systems, 1900–1928".

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21.72 an hour, nearly three times as much as the current $ 7.25 an hour. Popular progressives such as

5587: 5271: 3515:"'The Dark Heart of Progressivism' by Matthew Harwood (Interview with Princeton economics professor)" 2188: 2001: 1981: 1926: 1909: 1744: 947: 3326: 1347:

argued that the average citizen should have more control over his government. The Oregon System of "

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made a crime spree based on illegal sales of liquor in speakeasies. The "experiment" (as President

1219: 1091: 911: 906: 831: 739: 442: 114: 4446:"Progressivism and Imperialism: The Progressive Movement and American Foreign Policy, 1898–1916," 3183:

Quoted in Sidney M. Milkis and Jerome M. Mileur, "Progressivism and the New Democracy," (Amherst:

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Quoted in Sidney M. Milkis and Jerome M. Mileur, "Progressivism and the New Democracy," (Amherst:

2736:"Criminalizing seduction: prostitution, moral reform, and the new york anti-seduction law of 1848" 2338:

Franklin, J. (1 March 1999). "Blacks and the Progressive Movement: Emergence of a New Synthesis".

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Uncertain victory: social democracy and progressivism in European and American thought, 1870–1920

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Judith Ann Trolander, "Hull-House and the Settlement House Movement: A Centennial Reassessment,"

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A poster highlighting the situation of child labor in the United States in the early 20th century

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and reform movement. Into the 21st century, it advocates policies that are generally considered

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Newsweek staff. (20 December 2023). "John Fetterman Faces Rebellion From Democratic Voters".

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David Gamson examines the implementation of progressive reforms in three city school districts—

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ed. Sidney M. Milkis and Jerome M. Mileur (Amherst: Massachusetts University Press, 1999), 193

3053: 3013: 2534: 5507: 5437: 5161: 4969: 3692: 3444: 3174:. (University of North Carolina Press, 2001), pp. 63, 85, 177, 186–87; quotes on pp. 223, 298 3080: 2254: 2077: 1765:(pictured at podium) is widely recognized for contributing to a progressive shift within the 1757: 1726: 1708: 1618: 1600:

The foundation of the progressive tendency was indirectly linked to the unique philosophy of

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Pure and Simple Politics: The American Federation of Labor and Political Activism, 1881–1917

2584:"Common School or 'One Best System'? Tracking School Reform in Fort Wayne, Indiana, 1853-75" 472: 3888: 2163: 2000:

has moderated his foreign and domestic positions that have arisen in late 2023 such as the

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would enable parents to focus their resources on fewer, better children while others, like

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markets left to operate with limited government regulation are inherently unfair, favoring

719: 627: 593: 397: 382: 304: 299: 129: 86: 61: 3797: 8: 5191: 4959: 4897: 4719: 4158:"Transforming American Democracy: TR and The Bull Moose Campaign of 1912 | Miller Center" 3725:

Pollin, Robert (May 2013). "Fighting for Wall Street Regulation: Who Said It Was Easy?".

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has been on the rise since 1970. Progressives argue that lower union rates, weak policy,

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A Fierce Discontent: The Rise and Fall of the Progressive Movement in America, 1870–1920

4487: 1612:. Equally significant to progressive-era reform were the crusading journalists known as 5512: 5497: 5226: 5206: 5166: 4777: 4753: 4393: 4268: 3903: 3742: 3684: 3620: 3578: 3348:"Conservation Commissions and Conferences under the Roosevelt Administration 1901–1909" 3196:

Joseph L. Tropea, "Rational Capitalism and Municipal Government: The Progressive Era."

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Power and the Promise of School Reform: Grassroots Movements during the Progressive Era

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Edwards, Barry C. "Putting Hoover on the Map: Was the 31st President a Progressive?."

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Contesting Democracy: Substance and Structure in American Political History, 1775–2000

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Ministers of Reform: The Progressives' Achievement in American Civilization, 1889–1920

2118:. He saw the two parties as reactionary and war-mongering, and attracted support from 407: 392: 5608: 5502: 5422: 5402: 5251: 4997: 4700: 4253: 4212: 4187: 3864: 3746: 3688: 3624: 3467: 3424: 3399: 3351: 3293: 3086: 3059: 3019: 2992: 2941: 2904: 2893: 2699: 2632: 2540: 2513: 2471: 2389:

Monopolies in America: Empire builders and their enemies from Jay Gould to Bill Gates

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called for a strong central government guided by experts rather than public opinion.

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The Age of Charisma: Leaders, Followers, and Emotions in American Society, 1870-1940

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laid out the philosophical foundations of the progressive movement and attacked the

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Rachel Dobkin. (22 December 2023). "John Fetterman Now Embraced by Conservatives".

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Ravitch, Diane; Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms; Simon & Schuster

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Four hats in the ring: the 1912 election and the birth of modern American Politics

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committed to business-oriented and efficiency-oriented progressivism, typified by

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of Illinois showed a "passion for efficiency" as he streamlined state government.

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Social Class, Social Action, and Education: The Failure of Progressive Democracy.

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Henry Wallace's 1948 Presidential Campaign and the Future of Postwar Liberalism

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Settlement Folk: Social Thought and the American Settlement Movement, 1885–1930

1997: 1969: 1946: 1918: 1886: 1857: 1814: 1810: 1762: 1686: 1587: 1568: 1419: 1251: 1239: 1235: 1215: 1199: 979: 890: 847: 779: 507: 487: 477: 367: 347: 228: 66: 5623: 5246: 5216: 5181: 5032: 5017: 4976: 4811:. (2001), very well written biography of Theodore Roosevelt covers 1901–1909 4414: 4191: 3860: 3738: 3574: 3237:

The politics of efficiency: municipal reform in the Progressive Era 1880–1920

2351: 1777: 1699: 1669: 1609: 1283: 1271: 1270:

as a solution to excessively large or under-performing families, hoping that

1169: 1087: 1014:

Corruption represented a source of waste and inefficiency in the government.

959: 755: 727: 447: 402: 362: 357: 262: 42: 3224:

Progressive cities: the commission government movement in America, 1901–1920

1992:

regarding her willingness to shift positions during an October 2015 debate,

1133:

of urbanites by providing adult education and cultural enrichment programs.

5487: 5482: 5452: 5397: 5382: 5362: 5352: 5347: 5281: 5256: 5236: 5221: 5156: 5141: 4964: 4085: 3868: 3680: 2624: 2085: 2013: 1866: 1499: 1223: 1111: 1107: 1027: 1003: 999: 995: 851: 803: 799: 767: 417: 337: 332: 3662:"The Role of Taxes in Mitigating Income Inequality Across the U.S. States" 3660:

Cooper, Daniel H.; Lutz, Byron F.; Palumbo, Michael G. (1 December 2015).

2988:

The Right to Vote: The Contested History of Democracy in the United States

1444:(1901–1909) and influenced by the ideas of philosopher-scientists such as 5467: 5427: 5372: 5367: 5327: 5311: 5276: 5146: 4535:

The Era of Theodore Roosevelt and the Birth of Modern America, 1900–1912.

4407: 3924:"Bernie Sanders at CU Boulder: 'Stand tall and vote yes on Amendment 69'" 2747: 1917:

from New York, an advocate of action on climate change and author of the

1781: 1627: 1407: 1118: 1050: 881: 644: 535: 342: 81: 4657: 4616: 4521: 4319: 4043:"California "Fair Wage Act of 2016" $ 15 Minimum Wage Initiative (2016)" 3250:

Better city government: innovation in American urban politics, 1850–1937

2407:"Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft: Marching Toward Armageddon" 2359: 1406:

get rid of the entire saloon system through prohibition. Others such as

987:(1914) stressing the "scientific spirit" and "discipline of democracy", 5447: 5432: 5306: 5261: 5176: 4891: 4832: 4812: 4785: 4765: 4633: 4548: 4504: 4468: 4451: 4367: 4336: 4302: 4285: 3616: 3327:"Ross, John R.; Man Over Nature – Origins of the Conservation Movement" 1722: 1681: 1605: 1601: 1592: 1122: 1046: 935: 877: 795: 622: 467: 56: 2735: 2207:

Alonzo L. Hamby, "Progressivism: A Century of Change and Rebirth", in

5604: 5332: 4877:"The Fifty Most Influential Progressives of the Twentieth Century" — 4628:

Thelen, David P. "Social Tensions and the Origins of Progressivism,"

2119: 2093: 2089: 1613: 1453: 1247: 810:. Specific economic policies that are considered progressive include 751: 659: 186: 96: 4851:; 904pp; full scale scholarly biography; winner of Pulitzer Prize; 1583: 4829:

Roots of Reform: Farmers, Workers and the American State, 1877–1917

4108: 2131: 2123: 1596:

exposed Americans to the horrors of the Chicago meatpacking plants.

1423: 1267: 1234:

Most progressives, especially in rural areas, adopted the cause of

1174: 943: 565: 482: 201: 4723:

The Warrior and the Priest: Woodrow Wilson and Theodore Roosevelt.

1897:

many continue to rally for a minimum wage increase as part of the

1026:

and political bosses. In Wisconsin, La Follette pushed through an

872:

Historians debate the exact contours, but they generally date the

5387: 1487: 807: 754:

in nature, it arose as a response to the vast changes brought by

309: 76: 4543:

Noggle, Burl. "The Twenties: A New Historiographical Frontier,"

4282:

The Tyranny of Change: America in the Progressive Era, 1890–1920

2924:

Paul, Diane B. (2009), Radick, Gregory; Hodge, Jonathan (eds.),

2300:

right to vote, and laid the groundwork for Roosevelt's New Deal.

1721:

attacked the "conspicuous consumption" of the wealthy. Educator

1031:

after which they detoured into a disastrous third party status.

4866: 4316:

Changing the World: American Progressives in War and Revolution

2860:"Retrospectives: Eugenics and Economics in the Progressive Era" 2820:

Deliver Us from Evil: An Interpretation of American Prohibition

1426:

was elected mayor of New York City in 1901 on a reform ticket.

897:

Large corporations and monopolies: trust busting vs. regulation

540: 4465:

Rebirth of a Nation: The Remaking of Modern America, 1877-1920

4350:

America Reformed: Progressives and Progressivisms, 1890s–1920s

3540:"Trends and Sources of Income Inequality in the United States" 3172:

Struggle for Mastery: Disfranchisement in the South, 1888–1908

1980:

began to carry greater cultural currency, particularly in the

4599: 4252:. Sharpe Reference, 2005. xxxii + 1256 pp. in three volumes. 3598:"Why is Income Inequality Increasing in the Developed World?" 2110:

A third party was initiated in 1948 by former Vice President

1082:

diverse reforms that had been shown to work in other cities.

3040:

The Progressive Era and Race: Reaction and Reform, 1900–1917

1725:

emphasized a child-centered philosophy of pedagogy known as

3055:

Pursuit of Unity: A Political History of the American South

2054:. It was formed after Roosevelt lost his bid to become the 1180: 1126: 782:

and have the goal of improving the human condition through

4927: 4241:

Buenker, John D., John C. Burnham, and Robert M. Crunden.

1667:

drew harsh portraits of a type of ruthless businessman in

4682:(1954). Series of essays that examine how TR did politics 4555:

The Gilded Age & Progressive Era: A Student Companion

4060: 3643:"Conservatism and the Real Problems of Income Inequality" 3312:

L. E. Fredman, "Seth Low: Theorist of Municipal Reform,"

2490: 1985: 1652:

criticized race relations. Other muckrakers assailed the

1622:

and other reform periodicals. Some muckrakers focused on

4762:

Congress, Progressive Reform, and the New American State

4579:

Atlantic Crossings: Social Politics in a Progressive Age

1440:

During the term of the progressive Republican President

1256:

Twenty-first Amendment to the United States Constitution

1129:. The purpose of the settlement houses was to raise the 4553:

Perry, Elisabeth Israels and Karen Manners Smith, eds.

1656:, railroad companies, insurance companies and fraud in 4333:

A Very Different Age: Americans of the Progressive Era

4273:

Cocks, Catherine, Peter C. Holloran and Alan Lessoff.

3437: 3276:

Reform in Detroit: Hazen S. Pingree and Urban Politics

1467: 1244:

Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

1218:, improved safety and health conditions in factories, 994:

One example of progressive reform was the rise of the

1282:

of those deemed "unfit". Progressive leaders such as

1214:

and his third party also supported such goals as the

4211:. U North Carolina Press. pp. 195–201, 211–12. 2895:

The Reconstruction of American Liberalism, 1865–1914

2225:"The Origins and Evolution of Progressive Economics" 2126:

policies that had become a national consensus. Most

2006:

increased illegal immigration on the southern border

1964:

With the rise in popularity of progressives such as

3882:Hill, Brent Budowsky, columnist, The (2015-06-29). 3761:"5 Reasons Glass-Steagall Matters – Bernie Sanders" 3501:

Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era.

3164: 2807:

Prohibition and the Progressive Movement, 1900–1920

2696:

The Response to Prostitution in the Progressive Era

2532: 742:. It reached its height early in the 20th century. 4501:The True and Only Heaven: Progress and its Critics 4250:Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 3263:Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 2328:. p. 171. "rogressives strove to purify politics". 1729:which affected schoolrooms for three generations. 4799:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910–1917 4784:(1948), ch. 8–10 on Bryan, Roosevelt and Wilson. 4484:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era: 1913–1917 3659: 3596:Roser, Max; Cuaresma, Jesus Crespo (March 2016). 2984: 2853: 2851: 2645:The politicians still picked the school janitors. 2452:The Americans: Reconstruction to the 21st Century 2313:Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era: 1913–1917 1194:, but he only carried his base in Wisconsin. The 778:. These views are often rooted in the concept of 5621: 4547:Vol. 53, No. 2. (Sep., 1966), pp. 299–314. 4450:Vol. 39, No. 3. (Dec., 1952), pp. 483–504. 4204: 3846: 3560: 3350:. Theodore Roosevelt Association. Archived from 3078: 2463: 1149: 4819:Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive Movement 3011: 2512:. Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. pp. 189–90. 2494:Lowden of Illinois: the life of Frank O. Lowden 1788:, closing loopholes and keeping domestic work. 1752: 1498:and 18 areas of "special interest" such as the 4399:(1954), Pulitzer Prize, but now sadly outdated 4184:Robert M. La Follette and the Insurgent Spirit 3538:Kim, Jongsung; Tebaldi, Edinaldo (Fall 2013). 3051: 2848: 2536:The Pacific Northwest: An Interpretive History 2239:"Social Progressivism and Religion in America" 1534:In the early 20th century, politicians of the 1364:Philip J. Ethington seconds this high view of 1278:advocated it. Progressives also advocated for 4913: 4421:Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 3595: 3058:. Univ of North Carolina Press. p. 174. 2211:, ed. Sidney M. Milkis and Jerome M. Mileur ( 696: 4821:. (2001) standard history of 1912 movement; 4275:Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era 4265:Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era 3908:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 3209:Michael H. Ebner and Eugene M. Tobin, eds., 3082:Ralph Bunche: Model Negro Or American Other? 3015:Historical Dictionary of the Progressive Era 2243:Social Progressivism and Religion in America 1644:dissected corruption in city government. In 1562:, had won both the Democratic Party and the 1206:, who promised more favorable judges as the 758:, such as the growth of large corporations, 4406:(U of Kansas Press, 2001) pp. 149–80; 3884:"Sanders calls for single-payer healthcare" 3393: 2972:Penn Carey Law:Legal Scholarship Repository 2833:Last Call: The Rise and Fall of Prohibition 1663:Novelists criticized corporate injustices. 1396: 1310: 4920: 4906: 4564:(2006). 240 pp. biographies of 12 leaders 4248:Buenker, John D. and Joseph Buenker, eds. 4002:. Center for Economic and Policy Research. 3849:Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 3544:Journal of Business & Economic Studies 3537: 2698:. The University of South Carolina Press. 2497:. U. of Chicago Press. pp. 305 vol 1. 2467:Rhetoric and reform in the Progressive Era 2391:(Oxford University Press, 2000) pp 47-91; 2099: 2065: 2031: 1837:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 1436:Environmental history of the United States 1375:Women marching for the right to vote, 1912 1009: 703: 689: 4448:The Mississippi Valley Historical Review, 4364:America in the Progressive Era, 1890–1914 3512: 3418: 2968:"The Progressives: Racism and Public Law" 2965: 2875: 2595: 2276: 2274: 1041:History of education in the United States 4844: 4649:(1967) highly influential interpretation 4390:(1957), old but influential short survey 4388:The Response to Industrialism, 1885–1914 3942: 3790:"Reforming Wall Street – Bernie Sanders" 3513:Thomas C., Leonard (29 September 2016). 3443: 3158:The Ideas of the Woman Suffrage Movement 3152: 2991:. Basic Books, 2nd ed. pp. 103–30. 2693: 2454:(Evanston: McDougall Littell, 2006), 308 2337: 2326:The Shaping of Modern America, 1877–1920 2284:Progressivism: A Very Short Introduction 2247:Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Religion 2018:2016 United States presidential election 1908: 1904: 1756: 1582: 1370: 1181:Support for the goals of organized labor 1159: 1101: 900: 27:Political philosophy and reform movement 3994: 3488:Lester Frank Ward and the Welfare State 3466:. Pennsylvania State University Press. 3287: 2926:"Darwin, social Darwinism and eugenics" 2582:Murphey, Kathleen A. (1 October 1999). 2581: 2470:. Michigan State U. Press. p. xv. 2141: 2106:Progressive Party (United States, 1948) 2084:ticket. La Follette won the support of 2072:Progressive Party (United States, 1924) 2038:Progressive Party (United States, 1912) 1742:who viewed historical progressivism in 14: 5640:Political history of the United States 5622: 4930:Modern liberalism in the United States 4671: 4181: 4083: 3724: 3641:Garry, Patrick M. (17 February 2016). 3461: 2857: 2718: 2610: 2539:. U of Nebraska Press. pp. 347–. 2414:Antitrust, Vol. 25, No. 2, Spring 2011 2280: 2271: 2255:10.1093/acrefore/9780199340378.013.462 2023: 1827:Healthcare reform in the United States 1774:Income inequality in the United States 1732: 5635:History of the United States by topic 4901: 4709:The Presidency of William Howard Taft 3640: 3636: 3634: 3396:Herbert Hoover: Forgotten Progressive 3012:Catherine Cocks; et al. (2009). 2890: 2733: 2507: 2236: 1856:, progressive presidential candidate 1820: 1791: 1414:. Early municipal reformers included 1156:Child labor laws in the United States 942:prohibits anti-competitive behavior ( 886:Great Depression in the United States 5645:Progressive Era in the United States 4750:The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt 3943:Williams, Wayne (November 8, 2016). 3881: 3141:Progressivism and the New Democracy, 2923: 2721:A new conscience and an ancient evil 2136:Congress of Industrial Organizations 2042:The first political party named the 1784:, reforming the tax code, reforming 1529: 1510:In addition, Roosevelt approved the 1418:(mayor of Detroit in the 1890s) and 1144:A New Conscience and an Ancient Evil 1136: 730:. It has also expressed itself with 4847:Woodrow Wilson, Volume I, Volume II 4725:(1983), influential dual biography 4581:(2000). stresses links with Europe 4486:(1954), standard scholarly survey; 2404: 2287:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2209:Progressivism and the New Democracy 1468:National parks and wildlife refuges 1045:Early progressive thinkers such as 914:depicting corporate interests—from 876:in response to the excesses of the 24: 5630:Progressivism in the United States 4872:Progressivism in the United States 4428:Progressivism: The Critical Issues 4229: 3997:"The Minimum Wage is Too Damn Low" 3875: 3840: 3631: 2491:William Thomas Hutchinson (1957). 2114:as a vehicle for his campaign for 2012:and without since the election of 1984:. While answering a question from 1349:Initiative, Referendum, and Recall 861: 716:Progressivism in the United States 25: 5656: 4859: 3647:Intercollegiate Studies Institute 3421:John Dewey and American Democracy 3292:. Wright State University Press. 3185:University of Massachusetts Press 3128:University of Massachusetts Press 2930:The Cambridge Companion to Darwin 2213:University of Massachusetts Press 1932: 1604:which was primarily developed by 1478:National Park Service Organic Act 1106:United States federal government 5603: 4865: 4782:The American Political Tradition 4697:The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson 4545:The Journal of American History, 3971:"5 facts about the minimum wage" 3419:Westbrook, Robert Brett (1991). 3113:, Wisconsin Historical Society, 3018:. Scarecrow Press. p. 112. 2864:Journal of Economic Perspectives 2781:Child Labor: An American History 2092:by his crusade. He carried only 1848:has become an important goal in 1833:Congressional Progressive Caucus 1552:Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party 1546:Republicans (in California) and 1202:after 1907 began supporting the 766:in American politics. Historian 670: 658: 4647:The Search For Order, 1877–1920 4198: 4175: 4150: 4137: 4124: 4096: 4084:US EPA, OA (November 3, 2014). 4077: 4053: 4035: 4006: 3988: 3963: 3936: 3916: 3811: 3782: 3753: 3718: 3653: 3589: 3554: 3531: 3506: 3493: 3480: 3455: 3412: 3387: 3374: 3365: 3340: 3319: 3306: 3281: 3268: 3255: 3242: 3229: 3216: 3203: 3190: 3177: 3146: 3133: 3120: 3111:La Follette campaign literature 3099: 3072: 3045: 3032: 3005: 2978: 2966:Hovenkamp, Herbert (Nov 2017). 2959: 2917: 2884: 2825: 2812: 2799: 2786: 2773: 2760: 2727: 2723:. University of Illinois Press. 2712: 2687: 2674: 2661: 2648: 2639: 2604: 2588:Historical Studies in Education 2575: 2562: 2553: 2526: 2510:Governing States and Localities 2501: 2484: 2457: 2445: 2428: 2398: 2184:Progressive Citizens of America 1872: 1854:2016 Democratic Party primaries 1714:The Theory of the Leisure Class 1429: 1210:appointed pro-business judges. 794:. It is based on the idea that 4537:(1954) general survey of era; 4496:(1975), readings from scholars 4260:. 900 articles by 200 scholars 2694:Connelly, Mark Thomas (1980). 2656:History of Education Quarterly 2416:. the American Bar Association 2381: 2366: 2331: 2324:De Santis, Vincent P. (1999). 2318: 2305: 2230: 2218: 2201: 2116:president of the United States 2062:, and became defunct by 1920. 1813:has argued for reimplementing 1630:exposed the activities of the 1505: 1492:United States National Forests 1229: 1097: 13: 1: 4733:Congress & the Presidency 4280:Chambers, John Whiteclay II. 3085:. NYU Press. pp. 96–98. 2938:10.1017/ccol9780521884754.010 2194: 1959: 1150:Enactment of child labor laws 973: 822:, a comprehensive package of 4562:American Reformers 1870–1920 3995:Schmitt, John (March 2012). 3767:. 2015-11-16. Archived from 3563:American Sociological Review 3486:Henry Steele Commager, ed., 3423:. Cornell University Press. 3160:. Columbia University Press. 2533:Carlos A. Schwantes (1996). 2159:Center for American Progress 1877:Adjusted for inflation, the 1753:Mitigating income inequality 1266:Some progressives sponsored 1196:American Federation of Labor 1034: 884:in 1917 or the onset of the 7: 5554:and political organizations 4630:Journal of American History 4355:Gilmore, Glenda Elizabeth. 4234: 4182:Thelen, David Paul (1976). 4147:Retrieved 23 December 2023. 4134:Retrieved 23 December 2023. 3951:. Colorado State Department 3945:"Colorado Election Results" 3605:Review of Income and Wealth 3314:Journal of American Studies 3288:Murdock, Eugene C. (1994). 3107:"4. Shall the People Rule?" 2597:10.32316/hse/rhe.v11i2.1623 2152: 2076:In 1924, Wisconsin Senator 1925:the harms of pollution and 1524:Inland Waterways Commission 1329:disenfranchise black voters 1261: 940:United States antitrust law 10: 5661: 4801:(1972), standard history; 4383:(1974), essays by scholars 4357:Who Were the Progressives? 3499:Buenker and Buenker, eds. 3394:Hoff Wilson, Joan (1975). 3371:Buenker and Burnham (2006) 2985:Alexander Keyssar (2009). 2877:10.1257/089533005775196642 2145: 2103: 2069: 2048:1912 presidential election 2035: 1936: 1824: 1798:2007–2008 financial crisis 1578: 1471: 1433: 1153: 1038: 978:Many progressives such as 865: 5601: 5588:American Solidarity Party 5551: 5320: 5272:Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr. 5134: 5041: 4985: 4937: 4845:Walworth, Arthur (1958). 4680:The Republican Roosevelt. 4423:(2002) 1#1 pp. 68–92 4205:Thomas W. Devine (2013). 4145:Newsweek Magazine website 4132:Newsweek Magazine website 3519:The American Conservative 3079:Charles P. Henry (1999). 2464:J. Michael Hogan (2003). 2189:Vermont Progressive Party 2080:ran for president on the 1982:2016 Democratic primaries 1927:environmental degradation 1852:for progressives. In the 1745:The American Conservative 1496:National Wildlife Refuges 948:unfair business practices 880:from the 1890s to either 850:, legislation protecting 790:, and the maintenance of 5552:Major political parties 4444:Leuchtenburg, William E. 3861:10.1215/03616878-2395181 3739:10.1177/1095796013482455 3575:10.1177/0003122411414817 3451:. Yale University Press. 3290:Tom Johnson of Cleveland 3211:The Age of Urban Reform, 2858:Thomas, Leonard (2005). 2682:Journal of Urban History 2508:Smith, Kevin B. (2011). 2436:The Progressive Movement 2434:Benjamin Parke De Witt, 2311:Link, Arthur S. (1954). 2179:Oregon Progressive Party 2174:Lincoln–Roosevelt League 2088:, German Americans, and 1966:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez 1915:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez 1894:Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez 1841:United States healthcare 1646:Following the Color Line 1544:Lincoln–Roosevelt League 1512:Newlands Reclamation Act 1482:National Wildlife Refuge 1397:Municipal administration 1379:Progressives fought for 1311:Purifying the electorate 1280:compulsory sterilization 1092:Providence, Rhode Island 907:The Bosses of the Senate 832:involuntary unemployment 740:progressive conservatism 5582:Rockefeller Republicans 5493:Adam Clayton Powell Jr. 5321:Significant politicians 4833:excerpt and text search 4813:excerpt and text search 4786:excerpt and text search 4766:excerpt and text search 4687:T.R.: The Last Romantic 4658:excerpt and text search 4617:excerpt and text search 4522:excerpt and text search 4505:excerpt and text search 4469:excerpt and text search 4426:Kennedy, David M. ed., 4368:excerpt and text search 4337:excerpt and text search 4320:excerpt and text search 4303:excerpt and text search 4286:excerpt and text search 4086:"Environmental Justice" 3052:Michael Perman (2010). 2837:excerpt and text search 2340:OAH Magazine of History 2281:Nugent, Walter (2010). 2122:voters who opposed the 2100:Progressive Party, 1948 2066:Progressive Party, 1924 2032:Progressive Party, 1912 1862:single-payer healthcare 1846:single-payer healthcare 1637:The Shame of the Cities 1339:, progressives such as 1010:Governmental corruption 776:political progressivism 295:Sustainable development 219:Progressive nationalism 5592:economic progressivism 5443:Fiorello H. La Guardia 5338:William Jennings Bryan 5302:William Monroe Trotter 5232:Martin Luther King Jr. 5187:John Kenneth Galbraith 5003:Economic progressivism 4797:Link, Arthur Stanley. 4735:41#1 (2014) pp 49–83 4695:Clements, Kendrick A. 4463:Lears, T. J. Jackson. 4439:online at ACLS e-books 4433:Kloppenberg, James T. 4263:Buenker, John D., ed. 3823:cpc-grijalva.house.gov 3681:10.17310/ntj.2015.4.03 3462:Filler, Louis (1976). 3445:Commager, Henry Steele 3198:Social Science History 2625:10.1080/00309230307479 2352:10.1093/maghis/13.3.20 1921: 1860:raised the issue of a 1770: 1703:policies advocated by 1597: 1560:William Jennings Bryan 1394: 1376: 1362: 1308: 1292:William Jennings Bryan 1165: 1114: 931: 820:inequalities of wealth 589:Economic progressivism 273:Ecological engineering 234:Social justice warrior 197:Philosophy of progress 192:Philosophical progress 18:American Progressivism 5508:Franklin D. Roosevelt 5438:Robert M. La Follette 5162:Henry Steele Commager 5059:Civil rights movement 4970:Social market economy 4611:Stromquist, Shelton. 4379:Gould, Lewis L. ed., 4245:(1986) short overview 3261:John D. Buenker, ed. 3222:Bradley Robert Rice, 2891:Cohen, Nancy (2002). 2805:James H. Timberlake, 2719:Addams, Jane (2002). 2613:Paedagogica Historica 2134:, and especially the 2078:Robert M. La Follette 1912: 1905:Environmental justice 1760: 1727:progressive education 1709:William Graham Sumner 1586: 1472:Further information: 1389: 1374: 1357: 1341:Robert M. La Follette 1300: 1298:(MA, PhD, JD) wrote: 1220:workers' compensation 1188:Robert M. La Follette 1163: 1105: 1020:Robert M. La Follette 950:. Presidents such as 904: 828:universal health care 816:income redistribution 784:government regulation 677:Philosophy portal 665:Liberalism portal 611:Libertarian socialism 285:Scientific management 207:Progressive education 5064:Classical liberalism 4874:at Wikimedia Commons 4827:Sanders, Elizabeth. 4577:Rodgers, Daniel T. 4499:Lasch, Christopher. 3669:National Tax Journal 2766:Walter I. Trattner, 2734:Major, Kara (2004). 2438:(1915) pp. 129–132. 2164:Democratic socialism 2142:Farmer–Labor Parties 1939:LGBT rights movement 1913:U.S. representative 1632:Standard Oil Company 1446:George Perkins Marsh 1410:in Chicago promoted 1056:standardized testing 854:, and the rights of 720:political philosophy 628:Classical radicalism 594:Democratic socialism 463:Roosevelt (Theodore) 458:Roosevelt (Franklin) 305:Techno-progressivism 300:Technological change 130:Economic development 87:New Culture Movement 62:Age of Enlightenment 5566:Progressive Party ( 5192:Ruth Bader Ginsburg 5135:Significant figures 5089:Liberal Republicans 4960:Christian democracy 4853:online 2nd ed. 1965 4778:Hofstadter, Richard 4720:Cooper, John Milton 4632:56 (1969), 323–341 4494:The Progressive Era 4492:Mann, Arthur. ed., 4394:Hofstadter, Richard 4381:The Progressive Era 4348:Flanagan, Maureen. 4297:Crunden, Robert M. 3975:Pew Research Center 3235:Martin J. Schiesl, 3154:Kraditor, Aileen S. 3038:David W. Southern, 2387:Charles R. Geisst, 2237:Trodd, Zoe (2017). 2060:William Howard Taft 2046:was formed for the 2024:Progressive parties 1733:In the 21st century 1573:William Howard Taft 1345:William Simon U'Ren 1216:eight-hour work day 1110:era poster against 1075:Oakland, California 1071:Seattle, Washington 1024:machine politicians 1016:William Simon U'Ren 956:William Howard Taft 732:right-wing politics 606:Left-libertarianism 413:Kirchner (Cristina) 258:Scientific progress 241:Social organization 177:Liberation theology 157:Freedom of movement 125:Cultural liberalism 5513:Theodore Roosevelt 5498:Nelson Rockefeller 5227:Coretta Scott King 5207:Richard Hofstadter 5167:William O. Douglas 4849:. Longmans, Green. 4838:2022-12-29 at the 4791:2021-11-12 at the 4771:2022-12-29 at the 4760:Harrison, Robert. 4742:2018-05-07 at the 4678:Blum, John Morton 4672:National politics 4663:2021-07-11 at the 4639:2016-12-21 at the 4622:2022-12-29 at the 4605:2010-06-09 at the 4588:2015-05-02 at the 4571:2022-12-29 at the 4527:2021-07-11 at the 4510:2022-07-12 at the 4474:2021-07-11 at the 4457:2017-11-13 at the 4373:2022-12-29 at the 4342:2022-12-29 at the 4325:2021-07-11 at the 4308:2022-12-29 at the 4291:2022-12-29 at the 3617:10.1111/roiw.12153 2842:2019-04-13 at the 2740:Digital Georgetown 2684:1991 17(4): 410–20 2658:1999 39(4): 427–53 2568:William J. Reese, 2405:Kolasky, William. 2169:Left-wing populism 2148:Farmer–Labor Party 2052:Theodore Roosevelt 1922: 1821:Health care reform 1802:Occupy Wall Street 1792:Wall Street reform 1771: 1685:(1906), socialist 1650:Ray Stannard Baker 1619:McClure's Magazine 1598: 1548:Theodore Roosevelt 1520:national monuments 1458:John Wesley Powell 1450:William John McGee 1442:Theodore Roosevelt 1377: 1212:Theodore Roosevelt 1166: 1131:standard of living 1115: 952:Theodore Roosevelt 932: 818:aimed at reducing 788:social protections 618:Left-wing populism 453:Rodríguez Zapatero 280:Self-determination 268:Sustainable design 147:Empirical evidence 5617: 5616: 5610:Liberalism portal 5563:(since the 1930s) 5503:Eleanor Roosevelt 5423:Robert F. Kennedy 5403:Lyndon B. Johnson 5252:Thurgood Marshall 5084:Liberal coalition 4998:Equal opportunity 4950:Social liberalism 4870:Media related to 4817:Mowry, George E. 4652:Young, Jeremy C. 4516:McGerr, Michael. 4397:The Age of Reform 4331:Diner, Steven J. 4284:(2000), textbook 4186:. Little, Brown. 4112:. 13 October 2015 3449:The American Mind 3398:. Little, Brown. 3329:. Journals.ku.edu 3274:Melvin G. Holli, 2947:978-0-521-88475-4 2818:Norman H. Clark, 2779:Hugh D. Hindman, 2705:978-0-8078-1424-6 2519:978-1-60426-728-0 2477:978-0-87013-637-5 2378:(23 January 1889) 2294:978-0-19-531106-8 2082:Progressive Party 2044:Progressive Party 1943:Identity politics 1850:healthcare reform 1740:Thomas C. 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