327:
625:
408:
592:". After the West Point superintendent received a complaint about a full-time officer spending nights at bridge tournament, he audited Gruenther's 8 a.m. class. The Superintendent reported to his superiors that, "If I could be certain that being a bridge referee would have the same salutary effect on all the Military Academy's instructors as it has had on Lt. Gruenther, I would demand that they all become bridge referees in their spare time. I have never seen a finer chemistry instructor than Lt. Gruenther." Gruenther was considered the best bridge player in the U.S. Army, and was
191:
141:
121:
166:
712:
564:. As head of the Red Cross, Gruenther personally visited and inspected disaster areas in the United States. He made frequent public appearances, captivating the audience with "easy manner and conversational style." He received several awards for International Red Cross related activities, which included visits to Russia and Poland.
44:
489:
In the 1956 presidential campaign, Gruenther's name was placed on the list of possible candidates for the
Republican nomination after Eisenhower's heart attack on September 24, 1955. After serving two terms, President Eisenhower considered Gruenther as a possible alternative to
480:
and later replaced him as SACEUR. From July 11, 1953 to
November 20, 1956, he was Supreme Allied Commander, Europe/Commander in Chief, U.S. European Command (SACEUR/USCINCEUR). On December 31, 1956, Gruenther retired from the Army.
1406:
357:
at West Point and after studying for nineteen months, graduated early due to the war, on
November 1, 1918, with a rank of fourth in a class of 277. He was commissioned a second lieutenant in the Field Artillery but after the
636:
Gen. Eisenhower characterized
Gruenther as "one of the ablest all-around officers, civilian or military, I have encountered." Gruenther served with distinction as staff officer in U.S. military operations in the
475:
and appointed as the Chief of Staff, Supreme
Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (COFS SHAPE) under Gen. Eisenhower, who became the Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR). He continued to serve under Gen.
498:, and later suggested Gruenther as a potential vice-president for Nixon, but ultimately realized that Gruenther did not have the political base required to get either place on the ticket.
468:
and then Joint Chiefs of Staff in 1947-1949. In 1949, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant general and served as the U.S. Army's deputy chief of staff for plans and operations.
457:
After the end of World War II in 1945, Gruenther served as deputy commander of U.S. forces in
Austria. In 1946-1947, he was appointed deputy commandant of the recently established
1386:
1226:
730:
1361:
365:
Until May 1935, when he was promoted to captain, he served various tours of duty including teaching mathematics, electricity and chemistry at West Point for eight years.
902:
433:
In 1942, he was promoted to brigadier general and became a deputy chief of staff of Allied Force
Headquarters in London under Gen. Eisenhower, who assigned him the
821:
802:
430:. He possessed a strong power of analytical reasoning with capacity both to detail and overall perspective for which his colleagues called him "the Brain".
1411:
1064:
412:
1371:
1376:
1165:
771:
Biographical
Register of the Officers and Graduates of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, N.Y. From Its Establishment, in 1802, to 1890
725:
372:, the largest war exercises since World War I. Nearly 400,000 troops were involved. His performance was noticed by the Chief of Staff of the
540:, who gave birth to two sons, Donald A. Gruenther, and Richard L. Gruenther; they both became career military officers. His great-grandson,
1381:
608:, but I think I'll take Gruenther because he's the better bridge player". He was an honorary member of the National Laws Commission of the
996:
656:
history He is also sometimes credited to be the youngest major general in the U.S. Army in World War II, but that distinction belongs to
1401:
1366:
1216:
629:
918:
326:
1391:
1080:
966:
689:
225:
383:
In
October 1941, Gruenther was promoted to lieutenant colonel, and became deputy chief of staff and then chief of staff of the
194:
624:
545:
1416:
934:
604:, in Paris. On returning to the table, he was asked who he would appoint as his second-in-command. "Well, I ought to take
638:
495:
17:
1396:
950:
299:
673:
magazine on
February 6, 1956. He appeared as a guest on the February 10, 1957, episode of the popular TV quiz show
1193:
1017:
609:
521:
502:
338:, the son of Mary "Mayme" Shea, a school teacher, and Maximilian Gruenther, a newspaper editor who published the
315:
204:
49:
700:(1958). Altogether, he had honorary degrees from 38 universities and colleges and decorations from 20 nations.
1222:
775:
354:
1153:
879:
359:
589:
1061:
525:
465:
107:
1126:: Sunday, March 10, 1957, with Guest General Alfred M. Gruenther. St. Paul, Minn: 3 MIM Press Co, 1972.
506:
298:. Several years later, at the age of fifty-two, he became the second youngest four-star general in the
1221:
1113:
What's My Line? - Alfred Greunther; Fred MacMurray & June Haver; Tab Hunter (panel) (Feb 10, 1957)
846:
Appointment of Supreme Allied Commander Europe (SACEUR) General Alfred B. Gruenther (US), July 1, 1953
1044:
581:
1170:
765:
438:
384:
449:; he was the principal planner of the allied invasions of North Africa in 1942 and Italy in 1943.
362:
he was recalled to West Point to complete his training, and graduated a second time in June 1919.
1144:
Address by Alfred Gruenther, Red Cross president, to the Empire Club of Canada, 25 February 1960.
649:
613:
541:
537:
513:
and several presidential commissions on draft, health and disarmament. He was a president of the
335:
257:
169:
78:
984:
Duplicate Contract Complete: A Guide to Playing in and Conducting All Duplicate Bridge Contests.
437:
development. A year later, he was promoted to major general and served as chief of staff of the
1148:
1096:
769:
661:
578:
Duplicate Contract Complete: A Guide to Playing in and Conducting All Duplicate Bridge Contests
514:
279:
267:
407:
1278:
350:
1356:
1351:
1237:
1154:
Finding aid for Alfred M. Gruenther Oral History, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
593:
458:
396:
346:
8:
1318:
369:
238:
863:
1323:
1313:
1283:
561:
392:
373:
271:
264:
248:
146:
190:
1308:
1273:
1263:
845:
693:
675:
303:
868:
Citation Accompanying the Distinguished Service Medal Presented to General Gruenther
696:, and honorary degrees from several American universities, including a Litt.D. from
1048:
717:
597:
580:, and served as a referee at bridge national tournaments. In 1931, he refereed the
510:
377:
295:
95:
1012:
1258:
1243:
1186:
1081:
Gen. Alfred Gruenther dies. He was the youngest four-star general in Army history
1068:
834:
Profile: Gruenther, Major General Alfred M., Director of the Joint Defense Staff.
668:
573:
477:
442:
434:
307:
287:
1407:
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
749:
1303:
1298:
1288:
1268:
1253:
1208:
681:
657:
472:
388:
176:
1112:
1345:
697:
653:
585:
491:
446:
416:
275:
126:
1139:
1293:
605:
549:
427:
291:
215:
576:
practitioner, Gruenther published several books on the subject, including
919:"Lucas Gruenther, Missing F-16 Pilot In Italy, Found Off Coast Of Pesaro"
283:
1149:
Papers of Alfred M. Gruenther, Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library
420:
233:
880:
Presidential possibilities, 1956. Editorial Research Reports, Vol. II.
641:
in 1942-1945, and as supreme Allied commander in Europe, during the
548:
jet fighter on January 28, 2013, during a training mission over the
43:
688:
Gruenther was the recipient of many national medals, including the
642:
368:
In September 1941, Gruenther, now a major, took part in the Army's
596:'s favorite partner. Eisenhower was playing bridge when, in 1948,
165:
803:
Alfred M. Gruenther, 84, Is Dead; Ex-Military Commander of NATO
998:
The Hands of Time: The Most Exciting Bridge Deals Ever Played!
544:
Captain Lucas Gruenther died at the age of 32 while flying an
1197:
601:
311:
935:"Body of missing Aviano F-16 pilot found in Adriatic Sea"
560:
From January 1957 to March 1964, he was president of the
501:
Gruenther served on the boards of Dart Industries, Inc.,
750:
Alfred Maximilian Gruenther, General, United States Army
426:
Gruenther was an adviser and planner to top generals in
1387:
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
774:. Vol. VI-B: 1910–1920. Association of Graduates,
600:
telephoned him to ask him to take the post of head of
707:
1362:
United States Army Field Artillery Branch personnel
536:In 1922, Gruenther married Grace Elizabeth Crum of
951:"General Gruenther speaks to Open Red Cross Drive"
864:Dwight D. Eisenhower - American Presidency Project
664:, was promoted to major general at the age of 37.
263:(March 3, 1899 – May 30, 1983) was a senior
321:
1343:
520:Gruenther died of complications of pneumonia at
395:. Gruenther's immediate commanding officer was
1013:"D-Day Memories of the Bridge Player in Chief"
374:General Headquarters, United States Army (GHQ)
726:List of United States Army four-star generals
555:
1223:Commanders of United States European Command
836:Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of State, 1947.
1412:United States Army generals of World War II
859:
857:
496:Republican presidential nomination in 1960
42:
630:Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe
612:. He served as honorary president of the
731:List of Supreme Allied Commanders Europe
623:
406:
325:
854:
667:Gruenther was featured on the cover of
648:In 1952, Gruenther became the youngest
286:, he served in the army throughout the
14:
1372:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
1344:
1041:Laws of Duplicate Contract Bridge 1963
1010:
903:General Gruenther, Ex-NATO Chief, Dies
822:Alfred Maximilian Gruenther, 1899-1983
764:
754:Arlington National Cemetery biography.
679:and on the March 10, 1957, episode of
588:which was dubbed by the press as "The
411:From left to right, Alfred Gruenther,
399:, and the two became bridge partners.
52:(SACEUR) (NATO Photo 1251)
1377:United States Military Academy alumni
1220:
1140:"Men, Missiles and Misunderstandings"
797:
795:
793:
758:
639:Mediterranean theater of World War II
898:
896:
894:
892:
318:(SACEUR) serving from 1953 to 1956.
1382:People from Platte County, Nebraska
824:, Nebraska State Historical Society
471:In 1951, Gruenther was promoted to
24:
1133:
790:
524:on May 30, 1983, and is buried at
316:Supreme Allied Commander in Europe
25:
1428:
1227:Supreme Allied Commanders, Europe
1159:
1071:, American Contract Bridge League
1001:Toronto, Ont: Master Point, 2005.
889:
628:A 1953 brochure on the symbol of
300:history of the United States Army
1402:American contract bridge players
1367:Military personnel from Nebraska
710:
567:
226:Army Distinguished Service Medal
189:
164:
139:
119:
1334:* only Supreme Allied Commander
1194:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
1117:
1106:
1090:
1074:
1055:
1033:
1004:
989:
976:
960:
944:
928:
912:
885:Washington, DC: CQ Press, 1955.
610:American Contract Bridge League
503:New York Life Insurance Company
402:
353:. In June 1917, he entered the
205:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
50:Supreme Allied Commander Europe
1392:NATO Supreme Allied Commanders
967:"Red Cross...Gruenther Visits"
872:
839:
827:
815:
776:United States Military Academy
768:(1920). Robinson, Wirt (ed.).
743:
619:
484:
355:United States Military Academy
322:Early life and military career
13:
1:
986:New York: Bridge World, 1933.
736:
632:(SHAPE), signed by Gruenther
590:Bridge Battle of the Century
387:as a colonel under Lt. Gen.
7:
1417:United States Army generals
1011:Walker, Karen (June 2009).
703:
690:Distinguished Service Medal
660:, who, as commander of the
526:Arlington National Cemetery
466:Director of the Joint Staff
452:
294:, where he was primarily a
261:Alfred Maximilian Gruenther
251:president (1957–1964)
108:Arlington National Cemetery
61:Alfred Maximilian Gruenther
10:
1433:
1045:Thomas de la Rue & Co.
556:Head of American Red Cross
507:Pan American World Airways
27:United States Army general
1332:
1233:
1205:
1191:
1183:
1178:
786:– via Google Books.
766:Cullum, George Washington
531:
522:Walter Reed Army Hospital
244:
232:
221:
211:
200:
185:
175:
160:
152:
132:
114:
102:
85:
65:
57:
41:
34:
1397:Laetare Medal recipients
1097:General Alfred Gruenther
1062:Gen. Alfred M. Greunther
809:, p. D16, May 31, 1983.
509:. He also served on the
306:, and succeeded General
1171:Generals of World War I
811:(subscription required)
614:World Bridge Federation
584:bridge championship in
538:Jeffersonville, Indiana
336:Platte Center, Nebraska
79:Platte Center, Nebraska
1067:March 6, 2016, at the
1051:, New York. p. v.
662:82nd Airborne Division
633:
515:English-Speaking Union
464:In 1947, he served as
423:
334:Gruenther was born in
331:
195:Field Artillery Branch
1085:The Spokesman-Review,
982:Gruenther, Alfred M.
627:
410:
351:Saint Paul, Minnesota
330:As a West Point cadet
329:
153:Years of service
594:Dwight D. Eisenhower
459:National War College
397:Dwight D. Eisenhower
340:Platte Center Signal
278:player. After being
941:, January 31, 2013.
925:, January 31, 2013.
923:The Huffington Post
391:, headquartered in
370:Louisiana Maneuvers
282:towards the end of
239:US Military Academy
18:Alfred M. Gruenther
955:The Stanford Daily
807:The New York Times
634:
562:American Red Cross
424:
393:San Antonio, Texas
347:St. Thomas Academy
332:
265:United States Army
249:American Red Cross
147:United States Army
48:Alfred Gruenther,
1339:
1338:
1215:
1214:
1206:Succeeded by
1179:Military offices
1103:February 6, 1956.
694:oak leaf clusters
650:four-star general
473:four-star general
304:Douglas MacArthur
255:
254:
16:(Redirected from
1424:
1218:
1217:
1203:1953—1956
1184:Preceded by
1176:
1175:
1127:
1121:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1094:
1088:
1078:
1072:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:Crown Publishers
1037:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1008:
1002:
995:Horton, Mark H.
993:
987:
980:
974:
973:August 24, 1960.
964:
958:
948:
942:
939:Star and Stripes
932:
926:
916:
910:
907:Washington Post,
900:
887:
876:
870:
861:
852:
843:
837:
831:
825:
819:
813:
812:
799:
788:
787:
785:
783:
762:
756:
747:
720:
718:Biography portal
715:
714:
713:
598:President Truman
511:Draper Committee
378:Lesley J. McNair
193:
168:
145:
143:
142:
134:
125:
123:
122:
96:Washington, D.C.
92:
75:
73:
46:
36:Alfred Gruenther
32:
31:
21:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1421:
1342:
1341:
1340:
1335:
1328:
1229:
1211:
1202:
1189:
1187:Matthew Ridgway
1162:
1136:
1134:Further reading
1131:
1130:
1122:
1118:
1111:
1107:
1095:
1091:
1079:
1075:
1069:Wayback Machine
1060:
1056:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1009:
1005:
994:
990:
981:
977:
965:
961:
957:, March 8, 1957
949:
945:
933:
929:
917:
913:
901:
890:
877:
873:
862:
855:
844:
840:
832:
828:
820:
816:
810:
800:
791:
781:
779:
763:
759:
748:
744:
739:
716:
711:
709:
706:
622:
582:Culbertson-Lenz
570:
558:
534:
487:
478:Matthew Ridgway
455:
443:15th Army Group
435:Operation Torch
413:Donald W. Brann
405:
324:
308:Matthew Ridgway
288:interwar period
274:president, and
245:Other work
140:
138:
120:
118:
110:
94:
90:
77:
71:
69:
53:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1430:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1337:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1329:
1327:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1213:
1212:
1209:Lauris Norstad
1207:
1204:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1160:External links
1158:
1157:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1124:Meet the Press
1116:
1105:
1089:
1073:
1054:
1032:
1003:
988:
975:
959:
943:
927:
911:
888:
871:
853:
838:
826:
814:
789:
778:. p. 2064
757:
741:
740:
738:
735:
734:
733:
728:
722:
721:
705:
702:
682:Meet the Press
676:What's My Line
658:James M. Gavin
645:in 1953-1956.
621:
618:
569:
566:
557:
554:
533:
530:
486:
483:
454:
451:
404:
401:
389:Walter Krueger
323:
320:
253:
252:
246:
242:
241:
236:
230:
229:
223:
219:
218:
213:
209:
208:
202:
198:
197:
187:
183:
182:
179:
177:Service number
173:
172:
162:
158:
157:
154:
150:
149:
136:
130:
129:
116:
112:
111:
106:
104:
100:
99:
93:(aged 84)
87:
83:
82:
67:
63:
62:
59:
55:
54:
47:
39:
38:
35:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1429:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1347:
1331:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1284:Shalikashvili
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1188:
1182:
1177:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1109:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1087:May 31, 1983.
1086:
1082:
1077:
1070:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1036:
1021:
1019:
1014:
1007:
1000:
999:
992:
985:
979:
972:
968:
963:
956:
952:
947:
940:
936:
931:
924:
920:
915:
909:May 31, 1983.
908:
904:
899:
897:
895:
893:
886:
883:
882:
878:Patch, B. W.
875:
869:
865:
860:
858:
851:
847:
842:
835:
830:
823:
818:
808:
804:
798:
796:
794:
777:
773:
772:
767:
761:
755:
751:
746:
742:
732:
729:
727:
724:
723:
719:
708:
701:
699:
698:Bates College
695:
691:
686:
684:
683:
678:
677:
672:
671:
665:
663:
659:
655:
651:
646:
644:
640:
631:
626:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
586:New York City
583:
579:
575:
568:Bridge expert
565:
563:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
529:
527:
523:
518:
516:
512:
508:
504:
499:
497:
493:
492:Richard Nixon
482:
479:
474:
469:
467:
462:
460:
450:
448:
447:Mark W. Clark
444:
440:
436:
431:
429:
422:
418:
417:Mark W. Clark
414:
409:
400:
398:
394:
390:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
366:
363:
361:
356:
352:
348:
343:
341:
337:
328:
319:
317:
313:
309:
305:
302:, after only
301:
297:
296:staff officer
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
266:
262:
259:
250:
247:
243:
240:
237:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
217:
214:
210:
206:
203:
199:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
178:
174:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
148:
137:
131:
128:
127:United States
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
88:
84:
80:
76:March 3, 1899
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
45:
40:
33:
30:
19:
1248:
1192:
1166:ANC Explorer
1143:
1123:
1119:
1108:
1100:
1092:
1084:
1076:
1057:
1040:
1035:
1023:. Retrieved
1016:
1006:
997:
991:
983:
978:
971:Times Daily,
970:
962:
954:
946:
938:
930:
922:
914:
906:
884:
881:
874:
867:
849:
841:
833:
829:
817:
806:
801:Pace, Eric.
782:December 19,
780:. Retrieved
770:
760:
753:
745:
687:
680:
674:
669:
666:
647:
635:
606:Bedell Smith
577:
571:
559:
550:Adriatic Sea
535:
519:
500:
488:
470:
463:
456:
432:
428:World War II
425:
403:World War II
382:
367:
364:
345:He attended
344:
339:
333:
292:World War II
280:commissioned
260:
256:
216:World War II
212:Battles/wars
91:(1983-05-30)
89:May 30, 1983
29:
1357:1983 deaths
1352:1899 births
1324:Scaparrotti
692:with three
620:Recognition
485:Later years
445:under Gen.
376:, Lt. Gen.
284:World War I
207:(1953−1956)
1346:Categories
1264:Goodpaster
1238:Eisenhower
1047:(London);
1020:District 8
737:References
441:, and the
439:Fifth Army
421:Guy Garrod
385:Third Army
234:Alma mater
115:Allegiance
72:1899-03-03
58:Birth name
1319:Breedlove
1314:Stavridis
1259:Lemnitzer
1249:Gruenther
616:1958-78.
360:Armistice
290:and into
272:Red Cross
156:1918–1956
1309:Craddock
1065:Archived
704:See also
643:Cold War
572:Being a
494:for the
453:Post-war
201:Commands
133:Service/
1299:Ralston
1289:Joulwan
1254:Norstad
1244:Ridgway
1025:May 25,
268:officer
258:General
181:0-12242
170:General
1279:Galvin
1274:Rogers
574:bridge
532:Family
505:, and
419:, and
276:bridge
222:Awards
144:
135:branch
124:
103:Buried
98:, U.S.
81:, U.S.
1304:Jones
1294:Clark
1101:Time,
1269:Haig
1225:and
1198:NATO
1027:2016
1018:ACBL
850:NATO
784:2022
670:Time
654:U.S.
602:NATO
546:F-16
542:USAF
312:NATO
186:Unit
161:Rank
86:Died
66:Born
652:in
349:in
314:'s
310:as
228:(4)
1348::
1200:)
1142:,
1099:,
1083:,
1043:.
1015:.
969:,
953:,
937:,
921:,
905:,
891:^
866:,
856:^
848:,
805:,
792:^
752:,
685:.
552:.
528:.
517:.
461:.
415:,
380:.
342:.
270:,
1240:*
1196:(
1029:.
74:)
70:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
