American Red Cross

6298: 967: 1903: 510: 813: 592: 85: 1104: 1475:, they opened 1,470 shelters and registered 3.8 million overnight stays. 300,000 American Red Cross workers (82% unpaid) provided sheltering, casework, communication and assessment services throughout these events. In addition, 346,980 comfort kits (which contain hygiene essentials such as toothpaste, soap, washcloths and toys for children) and 205,360 cleanup kits (containing brooms, mops and bleach) were distributed. The organization served 68 million snacks and meals. Disaster Health services provided 596,810 contacts, and Disaster Mental Health services 826,590 contacts. Emergency financial assistance was provided to 1.4 million families, including 4 million people. Katrina was the first natural disaster in the United States that ARC utilized their "Safe and Well" family location website. 1449: 1379: 1130: 1520: 1353:

the American Red Cross enhanced America's image abroad while also disseminating American practices and values throughout Europe. It intervened in European health and welfare practices by introducing American methods. Moreover, after the Bolsheviks seized power in Russia, President Wilson used the American Red Cross as a diplomacy tool to aid the White forces. Wilson believed that food was the "real thing" to combat Bolshevism and ordered the American Red Cross to distribute food and material relief to Bolshevik opponents in the Russian civil war. The American Red Cross, therefore, served the dual functions of assisting the realization of United States foreign policy objectives and promoting international humanitarianism.

1851: 900: 8899: 9069: 9003: 6921: 8300: 7842: 8264: 491: 6866: 797: 6823: 329: 6902: 1823: 8708: 8516: 6534: 2066:, ARC petitioned the FDA to remove the requirement from blood donations, citing better screening technologies. In August 2020, the American Red Cross reported on its website that its deferral of MSM from donating blood for 3 months after any sexual contact with another man is aligned with the newly updated guidance issued by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Then in May 2023, the FDA approved a policy to allow "monogamous gay and bi men (MSM) to finally donate blood immediately" - however would take some time to fully implement across the whole 9054: 6691: 6246: 8884: 7073: 908: 8234: 346: 8186: 7794: 8624: 6498: 9039: 8540: 6964: 8408: 1667:

managed by the International Federation in Dubai, Malaysia, and Panama that are used to respond to disasters. An Emergency Response Unit (ERU) is another method with which ARC responds to international emergencies. An ERU is made up of trained personnel and pre-packaged equipment that is crucial in responding to sudden, large-scale disasters and emergencies in remote locations. American Red Cross ERUs specialize in providing emergency relief supplies and IT and Telecommunications for American Red Cross response operations.

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spent "less than one million dollars on domestic disaster relief, in comparison to the $ 120 million devoted to relief overseas." The American Red Cross during the war provided food, employment, housing, and medical assistance to millions of civilians displaced by the war. During the course of the war, over one-third of the population of the United States joined the organization and in 1917 and 1918 alone around $ 400 million was raised. Amongst its initiatives was the

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for social reform. ARC reformers embraced a strategic cultural sensitivity as they attempted to work with Italians and help them to take control of their own social institutions. By presenting their reforms as mutual exchange rather than imposed change, ARC workers hoped Italians would willingly accept them. U.S. reformers in the ARC continued to believe in the necessity of American intervention in 'reforming' Italy.

8456: 7500: 7404: 464: 25: 1210:(Mexican Red Cross) runs a national ambulance service. Furthermore, American Red Cross Emergency Response Vehicles (ERVs) look similar to ambulances. These ERVs instead are designed for bulk distribution of relief supplies, such as meals, drinks and other relief supplies. Although ARC shelters usually assign a nurse to the facility, they are not equipped to provide medical care beyond first aid. 2100:. Such reports are typical of a large-scale disaster relief operation involving other national Red Cross societies to solicit their input, but are usually confidential and not released to the general public. These particular reports were particularly critical of ARC operations in Katrina-affected regions, although the British Red Cross report strongly praised ARC volunteers for their efforts. 2957: 1536:, ARC began a large scale disaster relief operation. At least seven shelters were opened. 40,000 pre-packaged meals were sent by ARC, and across the nation, almost 400 American Red Cross volunteers were deployed to assist with local relief efforts. The organization deployed more than 30 Emergency Response Vehicles for community food and supply distribution. 1684:

elimination of the suffering, starvation, and degeneration of several millions of people', which would substantially reduce 'unrest and lawlessness'. The plan's ambition to re-engineer the Chinese landscape was representative of the increasingly global ambitions of the ARC and the new direction the organization was taking prior to World War I.

619:, an industry magazine, released the results of the largest study of charitable and nonprofit organization popularity and credibility. The study showed that ARC was ranked as the third "most popular charity/non-profit in America" of over 100 charities researched, with 48% of Americans over age 12 choosing "Love" or "Like A lot" to describe it. 930:

for transfusion and not kept in routine inventory, leukoreduced red blood supplies are critical. After collection, the whole blood is separated into red cells and plasma by centrifugal. A preservative solution is mixed with the red cells and the component is filtered with a leukoreduction filter. The shelf life of this product is 42 days.

1971:(J&J) filed suit against ARC over its sub licensing of the International Red Cross image for the production of first aid kits and similar products, which it alleged competed with the company's products. The suit also asked for the destruction of all non-Johnson & Johnson Red Cross Emblem bearing products and demanded that ARC pay 2136:, citing internal Red Cross documents and interviews with former Red Cross and government officials. It criticized the organization's response in failing to meet the immediate needs of victims. It also described "an organization so consumed with public relations that it hindered the charity's ability to provide disaster services." 1936:

Springfield, Massachusetts). In 2012 the first stories began breaking about long call times and the poor quality of response from call takers, along with questions about whether money was being used appropriately. In 2015, the San Diego and Springfield locations were closed because an online option for families was implemented.

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both in providing auxiliary ambulatory services and expanding the logistical dispersion of manpower and supplies. The contribution of nurses, goods, services, and local administrative guidance offered by the American Red Cross provided local community leaders with essential support in combating the pandemic.

942:. While the FDA has not yet made leukoreduction a requirement, ARC took a leading role in implementing this procedure with a goal of leukoreducing all blood products. More than 70% of ARC red blood cell components undergo prestorage leukoreduction, a filtering process performed soon after blood is donated. 1768:

As of January 1st, 2023, the initiative became known as the Measles & Rubella Partnership. The Measles Initiative had been previously renamed in 2012, when the founding members of the organization decided on the inclusion of rubella elimination to the program, changing the name to the Measles and

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As of March 2011, ARC announced it had allocated $ 314 million for Haiti earthquake relief and recovery. ARC funded recovery projects to provide transitional homes, health services, disaster preparedness, water and sanitation improvements and livelihoods development. It provided funds for school fees

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ARC works with the Red Cross Red Crescent network to aid countries after disasters. ARC provides relief after a request from a country in need and then uses trained disaster responders and relief supplies strategically positioned worldwide to respond immediately. ARC may also provide financial aid to

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to provide food, information and comfort. A family service center was set up, and mental health counselors deployed to numerous locations. Donations contributed for this cause totaled US$ 138,368 and covered the cost of services but not $ 65,000 in unexpected expenses. Weather and the collapse placed

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had funding on a different scale and well as popular and governmental support at its disposal. With its membership of over 33 million Americans in 1918 (20% of the U.S. population) and its designation as the official U.S. organization for foreign relief by the Geneva Treaty and Congressional mandate,

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when the earthquake occurred. Mr. Bowdoin was spending the winter in Taormina with his invalid mother and Mr. Wood was an artist who had lived in Taormina for several years. These two men entered upon the work of relief answering the call of the Red Cross. Afterwards, the Italian government conferred

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to "carry on a system of national and international relief in time of peace and apply the same in mitigating the sufferings caused by pestilence, famine, fire, floods, and other great national calamities, and to devise and carry on measures for preventing the same." The charter is not only a grant of

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There are three entities that can run American Red Cross courses; The American Red Cross, Authorized Providers, and Licensed Training Providers. The American Red Cross runs many of its own courses that can be conducted on land such as First Aid/CPR/AED and Basic Life Support for Healthcare Providers.

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The American Red Cross' position was that it had licensed its name to first aid kit makers in an effort to encourage readiness for disasters and that license revenues supported humanitarian work. J&J claimed that the American Red Cross's commercial ventures were outside the scope of historically

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said of the American Red Cross service in World War II, "The Red Cross, with its clubs for recreation, its coffee and doughnuts in the forward areas, its readiness to meet the needs of the well and to help minister to the wounded has often seemed the friendly hand of this nation, reaching across the

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The American Red Cross in the war was a quasi-state organization and a non-governmental organization, as it was not officially part of the United States Government. The American Red Cross in the war focused principally on overseas civilian aid and not domestic disaster relief. The American Red Cross

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In 2011, the Service to the Armed Forces (SAF) unit was reorganized and began receiving $ 24 million per year from Congress for operating expenses. Along with being downsized there was a consolidation into four regional locations (San Diego, California, Ft. Sill, Oklahoma, Louisville, Kentucky, and

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services provide the exchange of hand-written Red Cross Messages between individuals and their relatives who may be refugees or prisoners of war. At any given time, ARC Restoring Family Links program is handling the aftermath of 20–30 wars and conflicts. The worldwide structure of Red Cross and Red

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Valley. The ARC hired engineers to redirect the Huai River to prevent the yearly flooding that ruined crops and caused famine. Key engineer within the project, C.D. Jameson, recommended a financial commitment to drainage, flood prevention, and land reclamation which he promised would result in 'the

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ARC international disaster response and preparedness programs provide relief and development assistance to millions of people annually who suffer as a result of natural and human-made disasters. To respond quickly and effectively, ARC has pre-positioned emergency relief supplies in three warehouses

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During the flu pandemic of 1918, American Red Cross chapters were instrumental in establishing both preventive measures and treatment plans within their local communities throughout the United States. The degree to which the Red Cross was involved with pandemic planning was largely dependent on the

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The power of the American Red Cross was soon recognized by the Government which began to see "the value of overseas aid as a tool of statecraft". The American Red Cross was increasingly being used as an arm of the state to facilitate the realization of American foreign policy objects. Principally,

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Training Services is one of the five divisions of the American Red Cross, responsible for providing health and safety training to the general public as well as the workforce. In fiscal year 2017 the American Red Cross trained 2.28 million people how to save lives through their First Aid, CPR or AED

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through sales in its Tissue Services Program. It cared for thousands of donor families who donated tissue and sold the tissue to more than 1 million transplant recipients. At the end of January 2005, ARC ended its Tissue Services program to focus on its primary missions of Disaster Relief and Blood

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had referred to as 'brokers of ideas', who facilitated transatlantic exchange on the methods and philosophies of social reform. Work in the ARC allowed American citizens to contribute to transatlantic social reform discourse. ARC workers built upon and expanded the already existing Italian efforts

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Active initiatives undertaken by local chapters included the sewing of masks for local distribution, the production and promotion of educational pamphlets, the establishment of localized motor corps, and providing door-to-door nursing and social services. In some cities, the motor corps functioned

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Prior to the United States entry into World War One, the American Red Cross was a neutral organization aiding both the allied and central powers. However, when the United States joined the allied powers, the American Red Cross aid to the central powers ended immediately. On May 10, 1917, President

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was also unprecedented. The ARC's aid to Italy carried important diplomatic meaning for the U.S. due to the large number of Italian emigrants who left for the U.S. every year, and Italy's growing importance within Europe. ARC leaders viewed relief efforts in Italy as a way to demonstrate U.S. care

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are often not well tolerated and have been associated with some types of transfusion complications. Leukocytes in stored blood products can have a variety of biological effects, including depression of immune function, which can result in organ failure and death. Because whole blood is rarely used

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The Disaster Services Workforce (DSW) system enrolls volunteers from ARC chapters into a national database of responders, classified by their ability to serve in one or more activities within groups. Services include feeding and sheltering ("mass care") warehousing, damage assessment, accounting,

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In the 1940s during World War II, the Red Cross enrolled 7.5 million volunteers along with 39,000 paid staff and more than 104,000 nurses for military service, prepared 27 million packages for prisoners of war, shipped more than 300,000 tons of supplies, and collected 13.3 million pints of blood

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There are a number of courses that require aquatic facilities to run, such as Lifeguarding and Water Safety Instructor. These courses are generally left to Authorized Providers (colleges, government agencies, fire departments, community centers) and to Licensed Training Providers (LLC. or Inc.).

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In early 2018 all courses offered by the American Red Cross switched to Brayden/BigRed Manikins. The investment cost $ 1.8 million and increased participants' understanding of the purpose of compressions during CPR. These Manikins have LED lights that mimic blood flow through the body and to the

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ARC provides emergency and non-emergency services to the United States military. The most notable service is emergency family communications, where families can contact the Red Cross to send important family messages (such as a death in the family, or new birth). ARC can also act as a verifying

982:; this treatment involves collecting and treating blood cells from a patient or other blood donor. The treated cells are introduced into a patient to help revive normal cell function, replace cells that are lost as a result of disease, accidents or aging, or to prevent illnesses from appearing. 1581:

in early August of 2023, the ARC began a large scale disaster relief operation (DRO). At the time of this writing, more than 1,300 volunteers have been deployed since the fires began. In partnership with the county government, the ARC gas been able to provide displaced residents with more than

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The ARC's private funding allowed for more flexibility than government organizations, its leaders chose to support U.S. foreign policy in many ways but also often pursued aims that differed from that of the military or political policymakers. Hundreds of ARC workers pursued permanent reform of

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on a large scale. Through cost-effective, community-based health interventions, ARC targets people in need and focuses on accessibility and equity of care, community participation, and integration with other community development initiatives, such as water and sanitation projects and food and

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to Norman H. Davis, the chairman of ARC. The suggestion was that Allied soldiers were being charged money so Americans should be charged too so as to "ensure an equitable distribution among all service personnel of American Red Cross resources". The American Red Cross adopted the Secretary's

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In addition to basic level certifications in the above courses, the American Red Cross also offers Instructor level courses and Instructor Trainer (IT) level courses. Instructor level courses are designed to teach participants how to become instructors for American Red Cross courses, whereas

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ARC is moving toward system-wide universal prestorage leukocyte reduction to improve patient care. From 1976 to 1985, the FDA received reports of 355 fatalities associated with transfusion, 99 of which were excluded from further review because they were unrelated to transfusion or involved

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At the end of the war the League of Red Cross Societies was created. This international society of national Red Cross organizations was spearheaded by the United States and sought the "improvement of health, the prevention of disease, and the mitigation of suffering throughout the world."

2089:(FBI). In response, ARC increased its internal and external education of the organization's fraud and a waste hotline for confidential reporting to a third party agency. The organization also elected to implement a background check policy for all volunteers and staff, starting in 2006. 966: 1235:(FEMA) for the mass care portion of Emergency Support Function 6. ARC and FEMA share responsibility for planning and coordinating mass care services with FEMA. ARC has responsibilities for other Emergency Support Functions, such as providing health and mental health services. 1745:, launched in 2001, as a partnership committed to reducing measles deaths globally. The initiative provides technical and financial support to governments and communities on vaccination campaigns and disease surveillance worldwide. Leading these efforts are ARC, the U.S. 1772:

In December 2006, ARC became a founding partner of the Malaria No More campaign. The campaign was formed by leading non-governmental organizations to inspire individuals, institutions, and organizations in the private sector to support a comprehensive approach to end

1168:) to address basic human needs. The core of American Red Cross disaster relief is assistance to individuals and families to enable them to resume their normal daily activities. The organization provides translation and interpretation when necessary, and maintains a 1999:

Biomedical Institute, which provides training and other educational resources to Red Cross Blood Services' personnel; a Quality Assurance/Regulatory Affairs Department, which helps to ensure regulatory compliance; and, a centrally managed blood inventory system.

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Italian social politics, rather than emergency relief they founded nursing schools, developed child welfare projects and waged anti-tuberculosis crusades. In introducing these American ideas about public health and social welfare, the ARC acted as what historian

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ARC feeds emergency workers of other agencies, handles inquiries from concerned family members outside the disaster area, provides blood and blood products to disaster victims and helps those affected by a disaster to access other resources. It is a member of

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The FDA took court action against ARC in response to deficiencies in their procedures for ensuring blood supply safety. The resulting consent decree outlines violations of federal law that ARC engaged in before 1993. ARC paid millions of dollars in fines.

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harbor, followed by eight more hospitals during that year. Vladivostok Refugee hospital was opened in early 1919 in former naval barracks and had up to 250 beds. The ARC provided drugs and medical supplies to Russian hospitals during the civil war.

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for the nation. Alongside this, disaster relief was seen as a tool for social reform. A fundamental goal of the ARC's assistance was to address the perceived threat of pulverization within an area that a large proportion of U.S. immigrants came from.

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Although the ARC was a non-governmental agency, its humanitarian efforts lined up with American foreign policy, becoming a useful diplomatic mechanism for softening the effects of American military intervention and securing its political interests.

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Rubella Initiative. The change to the Measles & Rubella Partnership came after the adoption of the Measles and Rubella Strategic Framework 2030. With the change, new core partners Gavi and the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation have been added.

487:, a friend of Barton's, offered advice and support as she sought to establish the American chapter of Red Cross. As Register of Deeds for the District of Columbia, Douglass also signed the American Red Cross's original Articles of Incorporation. 2112:, the Red Cross raised $ 490 million in relief donations. The charts put to the press claim that a substantial amount was spent in the years following, but first-person accounts share another story. As of 2015, a total of six homes were built. 4868: 1671:

disaster relief efforts using donations given to the organization. The Ebola Outbreak in West Africa, Hurricane Dorian in the Bahamas, and Typhoon Haiyan in the Philippines are some of the international disasters that ARC has responded to.

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A major misconception among the general public is that ARC provides medical facilities, engages in search and rescue operations or deploys ambulances. Instead, first responder roles are left to government agencies as dictated by the

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Crescent National Societies and the International Committee of the Red Cross make this service possible. When new information from former Soviet Union archives became available in the 1990s, a special unit was created to handle

1777:, a devastating but preventable disease. ARC supported local Red Cross and Red Crescent volunteers in Africa who educated families and communities about malaria prevention and treatment, such as the proper and consistent use of 1401:

the ARC was neither wholly private nor an official governmental organization. This quasi-governmental support allowed the ARC to secure credibility and support that was unattainable for other relief organizations such as the

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and its nearly 100 million volunteers, educates and mobilizes communities to overcome life-threatening vulnerabilities. ARC International Services Department focuses on global health, disaster preparedness and response,

8993: 891:(FDA). These tests detect the genetic material of a transfusion-transmitted virus like HIV without waiting for the body to form antibodies, potentially offering an important time advantage over current techniques. 852:

In February 1999, ARC completed its "Transformation", a $ 287 million program that re engineered Red Cross Blood Services' processing, testing, and distribution system and established a new management structure.

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needs of the community and the actions of local public health authorities, but large cities and their surrounding communities were often dependent on the organization in mitigating the spread of the disease.

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token fees for "comfort items" such as toothpaste, coffee, donuts, and cigarettes and for off-base food and lodging. The fee suggestion had been made in a letter dated March 1942 from the Secretary of War

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Barton became President of the American branch of the society, known as the American National Red Cross in May 1881 in Washington. The first chapters opened in upstate New York, where she had connections.

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ARC worked closely with the FDA to develop a more robust system. The systems resulted in a five-year period of sustained compliance that led to the release from the Consent Decree as of December 4, 2015.

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ARC Biomedical Services instituted a standardized computer system to maintain the blood donor database; five National Testing Laboratories (NTLs) that test some six million units of blood annually; the

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and international humanitarian law dissemination. ARC is involved with international projects, including the Measles and Rubella Partnership, the migration and refugee crisis, and the Nepal earthquake.

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Instructor Trainer courses (also known as Instructor Trainer Academies) are designed to certify current instructors to become Instructor Trainers, or people who can teach Instructor level courses.

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upon the two men the honorific of "Cavaliere". Bowdoin and Wood were two of the twenty-one recipients of the American Red Cross silver medal for "specially meritorious service" for that year.

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industry, ARC provides more than one quarter of the nation's plasma products. Red Cross Plasma Services provides plasma products that are reliable, cost-effective and as safe as possible.

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Wilson created the American Red Cross War Council to aid funding initiatives and direct the activities of the organization. Throughout the war, the Council raised $ 400 million.

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and California provided health and mental health services to family and friends not present in Lexington. Volunteers also staffed the local Emergency Operations Center (EOC) in

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ARC handles international tracing requests and searches for families who have been separated. This service attempts to re-establish contact between separated family members.

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On May 14, 2008, a federal judge ruled against J&J. In June 2008, the two organizations announced a settlement had been reached allowing both parties to use the symbol.

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supply nearly 50% and approximately 5% is collected directly by hospitals. In December 2004, ARC completed its largest blood processing facility in the United States in

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ARC International Services educates the American public about the guiding principles of international humanitarian law (IHL) for conduct in warfare as set forth by the

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The Scientific Advisory Council is a panel including over 50 nationally recognized medical, scientific, aquatics, and academic experts from across the United States.

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Rodogno, Davide. "The American Red Cross and the International Committee of the Red Cross: Humanitarian Politics and Policies in Asia Minor and Greece (1922–1923)."

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plasma for the armed forces. By the time World War II ended in September 1945, American society contributed over $ 784 million in support of the American Red Cross.

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and John F. McGuire. In 2007, U.S. legislation clarified the role for the Board of Governors and that of the senior management in the wake of difficulties following

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organization that provides emergency assistance, disaster relief, and disaster preparedness education in the United States. It is the designated US affiliate of the

5440: 583:. Members of the board of governors other than the chairman are elected at the annual meeting of chapter delegates. The board appoints the chief executive officer. 4997: 2638:"The Origins of the Red Cross: National Organization · The Red Cross and Its Nurses in Connecticut during World War I · Digital History 511: Theory & Practice" 1814:. In doing so, ARC International Services provides support to ARC chapters in their IHL dissemination efforts, offering courses and providing instructor training. 6042: 5672: 2373: 8449: 7907: 6950: 4888: 2798: 1141:

Each year, ARC responds to more than 60,000 disasters, including house or apartment fires (making up the majority), hurricanes, floods, earthquakes, tornadoes,

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power but also an imposition of duties and obligations to the nation, to disaster victims and to the people who support its work with their donations.

3427: 1487:, the Bluegrass Area Chapter and ARC Critical Response Team (CRT) members were dispatched. This was the worst air disaster in the United States since 7024: 6926: 6338: 6256: 4493: 3193: 2880: 2637: 2070:. An automatic 3-month deferred period still continually applies to non-monogamous individuals, regardless of sexual orientation, who have anal sex. 1649: 1219:

communications, public affairs, counseling and others. Responders complete training for the specific services they want to offer, first aid and CPR.

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The FDA continued to apply pressure and fines to ARC in order to enforce compliance with regulations, including a $ 1.7 million fine in June 2008.

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tells the story of these women. ARC also provided services to entertain wounded soldiers at the Great Lakes Naval Hospital during the Vietnam War.

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Training Services has an online store where you can purchase supplies including First Aid Kits, CPR key chains, flashlights, and emergency radios.

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In March, 2006, investigations of allegations of fraud and theft by volunteers and contractors within ARC Katrina operations were launched by the

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Unlike European relief organization, which had to invest much of their time in fund-raising efforts, the American Red Cross's collaboration with

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ARC works to encourage preparedness by providing important literature on readiness. Many chapters also offer free classes to the general public.

4939: 3287: 5163: 3543: 3024: 2150: 1950: 416:) (who became the first vice president) to discuss the start of the American Red Cross. The first local chapter was established in 1881 at the 6073: 4699: 1260:, alongside $ 800,000 in public funds. The decision to use the State Department to distribute funds, rather than sending them directly to the 6322: 6118:

Egan, Timothy B. and Thanousone Pravongviengkham. "American Red Cross: A History and Analysis" (Defense Technical Information Center, 2016)

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in central Kansas by setting up emergency shelters for displaced residents and started the distribution of food, water and relief supplies.

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found that much of the money Americans donated never made it to help people in Haiti and promises to rebuild neighborhoods were never met.

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One criticism of American Red Cross services to the military stems from stories about ARC charging troops during the Second World War and

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Women of the West; a series of biographical sketches of living eminent women in the eleven western states of the United States of America

5105: 4984: 4619: 9125: 9044: 8545: 5836: 5814: 4642: 1746: 5810: 2342: 1781:-treated bed nets. ARC provided technical assistance and capacity-building support to its partners in difficult-to-reach communities. 33: 5585: 1123: 6149:

Irwin, Julia F. "Teaching 'Americanism with a World Perspective': The Junior Red Cross in the U.S. Schools from 1917 to the 1920s."

6012: 5426: 3214: 1895:. Another account of an American Red Cross World War II worker is related in letters by Evelyn Merritt Welden, compiled in the book 1231:

support agency, ARC shelters, feeds and provides other types of emergency relief to victims of disasters. ARC is a co-lead with the

6387: 6315: 2093: 1844: 1533: 1265: 386:, on May 21, 1881, and was also the organization's first president. She organized a meeting on May 12 of that year at the house of 319: 178: 89: 5952: 5541: 5137: 796: 522:

Many within the organization became frustrated with Barton's leadership style, and Barton resigned from the organization in 1904.

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Although ARC is not a government agency, its authority to provide disaster relief was formalized when, in 1905, it was granted a

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ARC International Services global health initiatives focus on preventing and combating infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and

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How to Play During a War: A Free Spirit's Life in Letters Evelyn Merritt, Lynne Merritt Whelden Lynne Whelden Productions, 2007

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in Italy, a humanitarian housing project, begun in 1918, and manufacture of "500,000 dressings" to treat wounds using use of

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Fike, Claude E. "The Influence of the Creel Committee and the American Red Cross on Russian-American Relations, 1917–1919."

5702: 3163: 3107: 591: 509: 8665: 5615: 5233:"Military notification funds spent other ways Red Cross programs that got funding included Bike-O-Rama, Starbucks giveaway" 4814: 1300:, U.S. officials employed the use of humanitarian relief in attempt to improve relations. $ 10,000 was given to the ARC by 2214: 1714:

for affected families. As of June 2011, ARC had raised approximately $ 484 million for Haiti relief and recovery efforts.

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Jones, Marian Moser. "The American Red Cross and Local Response to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Four-City Case Study."

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to provide servicemen with food, entertainment and "a connection home." In a June 18, 1945, address to Congress, General

1613: 1519: 1232: 541:", transforming the agency from Barton's cult of personality to an "organizational humanitarianism" ready for expansion. 6265:

American Red Cross Motor Service uniform, the 1940s, in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database

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American Red Cross Nurse's Aide uniform, the 1940s, in the Staten Island Historical Society Online Collections Database

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Rozario, Kevin. "'Delicious horrors': Mass culture, the Red Cross, and the appeal of modern american humanitarianism."

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Among the notable disasters of the Progressive Era that featured American Red Cross involvement was the sinking of the

427: 405: 3288:"Baxter and the American National Red Cross Agree to Terminate Contract Manufacturing Arrangement for Plasma Products" 1378: 8904: 6828: 5467:"American Red Cross to close San Diego emergency call center for military families - 10News.com KGTV ABC10 San Diego" 5056: 4895: 4409:

lrwin, Julia F. (July 2009). "Nation Building and Rebuilding: The American Red Cross in Italy During the Great War".

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lrwin, Julia F. (July 2009). "Nation Building and Rebuilding: The American Red Cross in Italy During the Great War".

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lrwin, Julia F. (July 2009). "Nation Building and Rebuilding: The American Red Cross in Italy During the Great War".

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lrwin, Julia F. (July 2009). "Nation Building and Rebuilding: The American Red Cross in Italy During the Great War".

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Grimes; Kaler; Obezrz; Sazama; Shriver (2003). "Reports of 355 Transfusion-Associated Deaths: 1976 Through 1985".

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movement and towards US interests. This was the ARC's first major response to an international civilian disaster.

6599: 6563: 3319:"Clinical Outcomes Following Institution of Universal Leukoreduction of Blood Transfusions for Premature Infants" 2470: 2437: 2250: 2086: 1192: 750: 746: 2290: 1850: 8365: 8075: 7841: 7751: 3505: 2850: 2519: 2145: 1926:, Vietnam Donut Dollies were able to visit troops in forwarding operating positions. The 2008 documentary film 1617: 1557: 1397: 1156:

Disaster relief focuses on emergency disaster-caused needs. When a disaster threatens or strikes, ARC provides

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Haug, Hans; Gasser, Hans-Peter; Perret, Françoise; Robert-Tissot, Jean-Pierre; Henry-Dunant, Institut (1993).

2016:$ 5,000 for the release of each unit that may cause temporary problems, up to a maximum of $ 500,000 per event 8051: 7109: 4914:"Designated Counties for Minnesota Severe Storms and Flooding (Disaster Summary For FEMA-1717-DR, Minnesota)" 4453: 3235: 2975:"Ida F. Butler, Red Cross Nurse · Hartford Women in World War I · Digital History 511: Theory & Practice" 2544: 1826:

A World War II-era poster encouraged American women to volunteer for the Red Cross as part of the war effort.

1566: 8299: 3483: 2184: 8329: 8317: 7703: 7433: 7421: 6587: 5732: 5542:"Johnson & Johnson Press Release: Statement on Civil Complaint Against The American National Red Cross" 1891:

by Kathleen Cox; her mother, LeOna Cox, was recruited to American Red Cross Service by a fellow teacher at

1488: 1256:. The American public donated nearly $ 1 million to the American Red Cross which was sent to Italy via the 888: 552: 4669:"American Red Cross Mobilizes Resources in Central Florida: List Your Loved Ones on Safe And Well Website" 4482: 3185: 2876: 2438:"National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: English Evangelical Lutheran Church of Dansville" 2403: 9115: 8701: 8425: 8377: 8165: 7883: 7589: 7181: 6756: 6443: 5028:

https://www.redcross.org/about-us/our-work/international-services/international-disasters-and-crises.html

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Irwin, Julia F. "Nation Building and Rebuilding: The American Red Cross in Italy during the Great War."

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sea to sustain its fighting men." An account of one World War II American Red Cross Girl is recorded in

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courses, water safety and care giving programs. There are a wide variety of course offerings available:

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https://www.redcross.org/about-us/our-work/international-services/measles-and-rubella-initiative.html

2055: 2021:$ 50,000 for the improper re-release of each unsuitable blood unit that was returned to ARC inventory 1758: 1750: 1545: 1119: 718: 615: 6307: 4871:(Press release). Farm Service Agency, U.S. Department of Agriculture. August 7, 2007. Archived from 3535: 3004: 8821: 8689: 8533: 7409: 7241: 7095: 6912: 6895: 6822: 6648: 6065: 4707: 2067: 724: 700: 4149:"The American Red Cross and Local Response to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: A Four-City Case Study" 3129: 8617: 8281: 8063: 7955: 7691: 7541: 7457: 7277: 6816: 6212:

Schmidt, Cheryl K. "In Our Community: American Red Cross Nursing: Essential to Disaster Relief."

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https://www.redcrossblood.org/local-homepage/news/article/dr-charles-drew-black-history-rcbs.html

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had only rarely allocated funds for natural disasters; likewise, the level of funding given to

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consulted with senior government officials, military officers, social workers, and financiers.

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https://www.who.int/news/item/22-02-2023-a-new-era-in-the-fight-against-measles-and-rubella

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the "Donut Dollies" provided morale-boosting games to soldiers. Due to the mobility of the

1883: 1710:, causing massive damage, more than 200,000 deaths and displacing nearly 2 million people. 1561: 1496: 1176: 857: 712: 596: 530: 387: 4042: 753:

from 1939. Was Deputy Commissioner for the American Red Cross in Europe after World War I.

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