2004:
2031:
63:
90:
1956:
1980:
106:
1968:
551:
4133:
725:
817:
1992:
652:
2019:
3209:
1929:
3200:
2421:
113:
458:
75:
811:
Perhaps not the whole course of the war, but certainly the fate of our
Ottoman Ally, could have been settled out of hand, if England had secured a decision in that region, or even seriously attempted it. Possession of the country south of the Tauras would have been lost to Turkey at a blow if the
788:. He proposed a new railway be built to the east from Alexandretta, which would greatly reduce the time for reaching India from the UK. The De Bunsen Committee (8 April – 30 June 1915), a British inter-departmental group which was set up to discuss the issue in greater detail, preferred
701:. The Ottomans continued to fortify the city, and the remains of the early 17th-century Ottoman castle walls can still be seen where the Güzün stream crosses the Varyant road. The city was well described in 1675 by the English naval chaplain
2726:
894:
was founded in 1938 and, in 1939, it joined the
Republic of Turkey after a referendum. The referendum was, and still is, regarded as illegitimate, as the Turkish government moved supporters into the city and the
764:
here for 200 years, until 1825, in spite of high mortality among its employees because of regional disease, some due to lack of sanitation systems. During the 19th century the port grew, and the road to
3893:
2715:
2003:
1128:). At certain times of the year the town is swept by a strong wind called 'Yarıkkaya'. The countryside contains large areas of fruit groves. It is an important producer of
2764:
4349:
2949:
4294:
2924:
4289:
1928:
2839:
1882:(100 houses), 2 were Turkish-Alawite mixed (28 houses), and no information was listed for the remaining 6. He did not list any Sunni Arab households.
137:
2482:
595:
3900:
2928:
528:
The importance of the place comes from its relation to the aforesaid Syrian Gates, the easiest approach to the open ground of Hatay
Province and
2436:
1870:
put the population of
Iskenderun at roughly 500 households with no entry on ethnicity. Out of the 29 other settlements he listed in the Ottoman
4329:
4090:
1896:
3091:
2256:
2244:
925:
and subsequent floods and fires. On 8 February 2023, the fire at the Port of
Iskenderun was extinguished but broke out again the next day.
911:
89:
2010:
1892:
4309:
4304:
1955:
2445:
3738:
2824:
800:
827:, who have maintained a cultural and economic presence in Iskenderun for centuries, most notably due to trade, were wiped out in the
3064:
795:
Ultimately the
British decided not to attack the Ottoman Empire via Alexandretta. On 8 February 1915 the French foreign minister,
3795:
3688:
884:
4314:
803:
about such an attack, citing a commitment that
Britain made in 1912 that it had no designs on Syria. The German field marshal,
200:
3025:
2753:
4319:
3867:
3521:
2535:
781:
17:
2612:
4344:
784:
considered the conquest of
Alexandretta to be essential in providing Britain with a port and railhead from which to access
736:
However, in the later
Ottoman period the city developed as the main port on the Mediterranean for the overland trade from
3641:
3576:
2116:
1979:
4299:
4083:
3458:
3426:
3231:
2250:
2135:
2030:
74:
3260:
3084:
2953:
2800:
403:
3056:
1116:
922:
345:
1112:
105:
4334:
2200:
2160:
777:
611:
587:
391:
4324:
3886:
2777:
After engineering a fraudulent referendum in north-west Syria – the Turks trucked their supporters into the city
2807:
Turkish army ... expelled most the province's
Alawite Arabs and Armenian majority. A rigged referendum followed
899:"expelled most of the province's Alawite Arabs, Greek and Armenian majority" to decide the referendum result.
4076:
3240:
2222:
3051:
3077:
1967:
3302:
249:
2309:
Report and Transactions of the Devonshire Association for the Advancement of Science, Literature and Art
4182:
2372:
2280:"Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports"
2108:
1991:
1935:
626:
in 451, Julianus was represented by his metropolitan, Cyrus of Anazarbus. Basilius was at the synod in
3659:
2976:
2645:
571:
3498:
2459:
2176:
1905:, which was built in antiquity and restored many times in later centuries (particularly during the
3594:
2911:
2359:
4187:
3845:
3541:
3310:
796:
664:
607:
545:
376:
2819:
4258:
4192:
3546:
873:
399:
4279:
3814:
3285:
2995:
2790:
2119:
2083:
syrup used as a salad dressing. İskenderun in particular offers good quality fish and prawns.
4103:
3208:
2474:
2394:
1124:
1107:
718:
62:
3396:
3275:
3269:
2513:
2426:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
934:
902:
In the 2010s Syria still claimed against Turkey its sovereignty on the Alexandretta region.
4167:
3851:
3756:
2432:
2104:
2018:
1939:
656:
623:
4284:
3803:
3551:
3291:
2052:
1913:), served as a watchtower on the 27 km (17 mi) mountain road from İskenderun to
514:. A memorial, a monument and a bronze statue for the victory were raised at the city, and
8:
4253:
3723:
3365:
3227:
3069:
2566:
865:
804:
677:
599:
483:
423:
352:
325:
179:
49:
4000:
3878:
3761:
3604:
3336:
2279:
1037:
4177:
3821:
3696:
3631:
3609:
2641:
2166:
828:
694:
645:
3746:
3589:
2886:
2599:
4172:
4122:
3711:
3511:
2796:
2675:
2667:
2624:
2531:
1720:
1672:
891:
881:
836:
729:
635:
442:
406:
until 1938, when France granted the region independence. The city became part of the
368:
3599:
3556:
3390:
3349:
3330:
3316:
2185:(born 1945), a Turkish conductor of classical music, composer, pianist and educator.
2112:
3778:
3767:
3717:
3706:
3701:
3677:
3654:
3535:
3529:
3492:
3474:
3441:
3410:
3403:
3373:
3323:
3022:
2657:
2218:
380:
364:
4068:
3355:
3119:
2613:
From Bloodless Revolution to Bloody Counterrevolution: The Adana Massacres of 1909
2194:
550:
4339:
4232:
3833:
3808:
3751:
3649:
3615:
3584:
3566:
3505:
3480:
3435:
3416:
3342:
3280:
3029:
2914:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
2864:
2759:
2721:
2494:
2362:, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
2206:
2055:, a hot dessert with cheese. The main dishes include the Turkish staples such as
1910:
1867:
858:
668:
642:
579:
495:
434:
356:
282:
3773:
2840:"Son dakika... Hatay İskenderun'da depremin ardından 'deniz seviyesi' yükseldi!"
2646:"States, boundaries and sovereignty in the Middle East: unsteady but unchanging"
3839:
3827:
3626:
3621:
3561:
3486:
3467:
3447:
3384:
3189:
3101:
2239:
2144:
1875:
1129:
854:
832:
769:
was improved. Sanitation was also improved, and the railway was built in 1912.
761:
757:
698:
690:
627:
575:
387:
341:
329:
294:
241:
184:
4132:
2679:
2221:(born 1985), a football coach and former player with 488 club caps and 61 for
2182:
2179:(born 1938), a Turkish socialist writer, economist, historian and media pundit
532:. Because of its hilly, rough surroundings, the city also went by the name of
336:. Its area is 247 km, and its population is 251,682 (2022). It is on the
4273:
4162:
3728:
3671:
3665:
3378:
3164:
3149:
2671:
2548:
2440:
2427:
1551:
938:
914:, İskenderun district lost a large part of its territory to the new district
603:
466:
372:
337:
152:
139:
2716:"Robert Fisk: Syria is used to the slings and arrows of friends and enemies"
820:
Turkish forces under Colonel Şükrü Kanatlı entered İskenderun on 5 July 1938
724:
510:. İskenderun is one of many cities founded on Alexander's orders, including
3784:
3154:
3134:
2212:
896:
816:
702:
491:
360:
53:
4237:
2950:"İl ve İlçelerimize Ait İstatistiki Veriler- Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü"
2080:
848:
773:
672:
407:
395:
4222:
3184:
3179:
2662:
2234:
2125:
The city's basketball team is called İskenderun Belediyesi Spor Kulübü.
610:
in 325 and in a synod at Antioch in 341. Philomusus participated in the
4147:
4117:
3968:
2449:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 568.
2140:
2064:
1133:
1005:
706:
651:
583:
511:
499:
494:, about 37 km (23 miles) south of the scene of his victory at the
430:
313:
237:
3144:
3199:
2347:
A General Treatise of the Monies and Exchanges of all trading Nations
2286:
2188:
824:
756:
merchants, then Western and Northern European merchants. The British
714:
638:
567:
563:
559:
554:
The Peutinger Map showing İskenderun and Seleucia in the 4th century.
487:
232:
1151:
Climate data for İskenderun (1991-2020 normals, extremes 1975-2010)
861:, most of Hatay including İskenderun was occupied by French troops.
4227:
3249:
2977:"İskenderun Sea Temperature May Average, Turkey – Sea Temperatures"
2890:
2068:
1906:
710:
515:
478:İskenderun preserves the name, but probably not the exact site, of
427:
2056:
606:. But the first documented one is Hesychius, who took part in the
4212:
4207:
4197:
4157:
4100:
3939:
3124:
2792:
Identity, Conflict and Cooperation in International River Systems
2072:
1918:
1914:
1879:
1871:
976:
950:
737:
619:
438:
933:İskenderun is located on the eastern Mediterranean coast on the
351:
The city's history dates back to 333 BC, when it was founded by
263:
4217:
4202:
3105:
3041:
2865:"Turkey-Syria earthquake: Fire at Iskenderun port extinguished"
2148:
2076:
1902:
1771:
Source 2: Devlet Meteoroloji İşleri Genel Müdürlüğü (extremes)
1137:
869:
766:
753:
631:
591:
529:
462:
348:
in February 2023 and subsequent aftershocks, floods and fires.
333:
172:
2997:
Das liwa Haleb (Aleppo) und ein Teil des Liwa Dschebel Bereket
390:
had conquered the city, maintaining control over it until the
3174:
3169:
3139:
3129:
3046:
2739:
French handed it over to Turkey after a fraudulent referendum
2060:
1141:
915:
877:
872:. Between 1921 and 1937, the city was part of the autonomous
789:
749:
745:
741:
615:
744:, which had great importance until the establishment of the
1110:
with hot, dry summers, and mild, moderately rainy winters (
785:
457:
3099:
502:. Alexander camped in the highlands of İskenderun, around
3908:
2887:"WATCH: Plane flies through smoke as port fire reignites"
748:
overland route. Alexandretta served as a base, first for
2636:
2634:
2600:"Hamidian massacres | Ottoman and Armenian history"
2515:
Dictionnaire d'Histoire et de Géographie ecclésiastiques
2203:(born 1962), a Turkish Woman Chess International Master.
506:, and then ordered the city to be established and named
2795:(Hardcover ed.). Ashgate Publishing. p. 130.
2625:"Armenian Genocide | History, Causes, & Facts"
2326:
Parsons, Abraham (1808). "Travels in Africa and Asia".
2151:, although it was technically a transitional republic.
675:. In that list it was long named Cambysopolis, but the
482:. The settlement was so called having been founded by
2631:
2975:
Ltd, Copyright Global Sea Temperatures – A-Connect.
2496:
Oriens christianus in quatuor Patriarchatus digestus
2307:
Cpt. Charlewood (1871). "Euphrates Valley Railway".
4098:
2752:
2714:
2640:
2349:. S. and J. Sprint, and J. Nicholson. p. 232.
2209:(born 1965), a German oncologist and immunologist.
921:In February 2023, the city was heavily damaged by
614:in 381. Baranes is mentioned in connection with a
518:writes that they were there even during his time,
437:in (333 BC). Starting in the Middle Ages, Western
2197:(born 1948), a Turkish former football goalkeeper
812:English had succeeded in landing at Alexandretta.
94:Map showing İskenderun District in Hatay Province
4271:
2173:, a Syrian-Lebanese-Armenian private arms dealer
3224:
2929:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2306:
4350:Metropolitan district municipalities in Turkey
2788:
1897:Roman Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Anatolia
4295:Mediterranean port cities and towns in Turkey
4084:
3894:
3085:
2782:
2328:The Critical Review, or, Annals of Literature
2257:List of cities founded by Alexander the Great
4290:Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
2245:Names of Asian cities in different languages
799:, protested to Britain's Foreign Secretary,
355:as Alexandretta. It subsequently fell under
2583:
302:
4091:
4077:
3901:
3887:
3092:
3078:
2565:
410:which in turn united with Turkey in 1939.
32:District and municipality in Hatay, Turkey
2661:
2163:, local bishop in the 2nd or 3rd century.
705:in his diary. The next army to cross the
539:
3000:. Berlin: W. Pormetter. pp. 101–102
2993:
2586:The Neglected War: Mesopotamia 1914-1918
2414:
2412:
2410:
2408:
2215:(born 1980), a Turkish singer-songwriter
1961:"I ♥ İskenderun" sign in the city centre
815:
723:
650:
549:
456:
2656:(4). Oxford University Press: 937–948.
2547:
2469:
2467:
2460:Herodian, History of the Empire, §3.4.1
2431:
2344:
2325:
2139:as an important starting point for the
885:French Mandate of Syria and the Lebanon
371:gained control of the city. During the
14:
4272:
2925:"Iskenderun Climate Normals 1991–2020"
2274:
2272:
2051:Distinctive İskenderun dishes include
868:did not assign Alexandretta sanjak to
4330:Cities founded by Alexander the Great
4072:
3882:
3073:
2405:
2128:
839:, after centuries of discrimination.
776:, when Britain was contemplating the
2712:
2518:, vol. II, Paris 1914, coll. 287-289
2499:, Paris 1740, Vol. II, coll. 903-906
2464:
1985:Interior of Ulu Mosque in İskenderun
842:
681:now gives the correct ancient name.
634:. In 518, Paulus was deposed by the
2269:
2133:İskenderun is featured in the film
1140:, and even tropical fruits such as
375:, it came under the control of the
359:rule before being conquered by the
286:
24:
4310:Populated places in Hatay Province
4305:Populated coastal places in Turkey
3207:
3198:
2521:
2251:Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
2191:(1947–2011), a Turkish film actor.
2154:
2136:Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade
1909:, when it was a stronghold of the
689:There was fighting here under the
344:, the city was heavily damaged by
112:
25:
4361:
3035:
2530:(Libreria Editrice Vaticana 2013
1942:from İskenderun's district center
663:No longer a residential diocese,
4131:
2750:
2713:Fisk, Robert (1 February 2012).
2510:Alexandria minor ou Alexandrette
2419:
2375:. General Directorate of Mapping
2147:is depicted as being ruled by a
2029:
2017:
2002:
1990:
1978:
1966:
1954:
1927:
1779:Iskenderun mean sea temperature
732:from the promenade of İskenderun
536:('Alexandria the Mountainous').
211:247 km (95 sq mi)
111:
104:
88:
73:
61:
2987:
2974:
2968:
2942:
2917:
2905:
2879:
2857:
2832:
2812:
2767:from the original on 7 May 2022
2754:"A LAND IN THE SHADOW OF DEATH"
2744:
2729:from the original on 7 May 2022
2706:
2693:
2617:
2606:
2592:
2577:
2559:
2541:
2502:
2487:
2161:Helenus of Alexandria (Cilicia)
1861:
778:partition of the Ottoman Empire
612:First Council of Constantinople
392:partition of the Ottoman Empire
2828:(in Turkish). 6 December 2012.
2453:
2387:
2365:
2353:
2338:
2319:
2300:
1885:
944:
853:Following the collapse of the
693:: in 1606 the army of General
684:
570:, the capital and so also the
13:
1:
4315:Fishing communities in Turkey
3065:Catholic Church of İskenderun
2703:Oxford University Press, 2011
2262:
2075:influenced cuisine including
2011:Cathedral of the Annunciation
1893:Cathedral of the Annunciation
905:
519:
422:(Ἀλεξάνδρεια) to commemorate
379:before being captured by the
4320:Jewish communities in Turkey
2091:İskenderun is served by the
1855:18.9 °C (66.0 °F)
1852:21.5 °C (70.7 °F)
1849:25.4 °C (77.7 °F)
1846:27.8 °C (82.0 °F)
1843:28.5 °C (83.3 °F)
1840:27.5 °C (81.5 °F)
1837:24.8 °C (76.6 °F)
1834:20.9 °C (69.6 °F)
1831:17.6 °C (63.7 °F)
1828:16.6 °C (61.9 °F)
1825:16.4 °C (61.5 °F)
1822:17.6 °C (63.7 °F)
928:
473:
394:after the Allied victory in
7:
4345:Districts of Hatay Province
3868:Metropolitan municipalities
2867:. BBC News. 8 February 2023
2345:Justice, Alexander (1707).
2228:
2115:folded in 2006, although a
1624:Average precipitation days
1410:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1270:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
398:. It subsequently became a
227:1,000/km (2,600/sq mi)
10:
4366:
4183:Alexandria in the Caucasus
2373:"İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri"
2360:Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi
2122:was then founded in 2009.
2046:
2041:
2009:The ruins of the Catholic
1997:İskenderun Orthodox Church
1947:
1770:
1765:
1150:
1101:
846:
562:of Alexandria Minor was a
543:
452:
4300:History of Hatay Province
4246:
4140:
4129:
4110:
3917:
3864:
3794:
3737:
3687:
3640:
3575:
3520:
3457:
3425:
3364:
3301:
3259:
3239:
3223:
3219:
3196:
3112:
3057:Information on İskenderun
2994:Hartmann, Martin (1894).
2098:
1718:
1670:
1623:
1549:
1479:
1409:
1339:
1269:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
876:within French-controlled
760:maintained an agency and
572:ecclesiastical metropolis
386:By the 15th century, the
298:
289:), historically known as
258:
248:
231:
223:
215:
207:
195:
190:
178:
168:
133:
99:
87:
69:
60:
47:
37:
3028:27 November 2020 at the
2553:A Peace to End all Peace
2528:Annuario Pontificio 2013
2086:
953:in İskenderun District:
655:The district center and
602:as early bishops of the
418:The city was founded as
367:in the 8th century, the
324:, is a municipality and
4188:Alexandria on the Indus
2789:Jack Kalpakian (2004).
2446:Encyclopædia Britannica
1874:of Iskenderun, 19 were
667:is today listed by the
608:First Council of Nicaea
546:Diocese of Alexandretta
486:in 333 BC to supersede
413:
404:French mandate of Syria
377:Principality of Antioch
4335:330s BC establishments
4259:Alexandropolis Maedica
4193:Alexandria Prophthasia
3213:
3203:
2981:World Sea Temperatures
2111:. The more successful
2107:clubs. One of them is
1973:Iskenderun Courthouse
1938:Panoramic view of the
1903:Bakras (Bagras) Castle
1866:19th-century traveler
874:Sanjak of Alexandretta
821:
814:
733:
713:through here were the
660:
630:in 459 that condemned
555:
540:Ecclesiastical history
470:
467:Nur (Amanos) Mountains
363:. After defeating the
4213:Laodicea in Phoenicia
3739:Central East Anatolia
3211:
3202:
2650:International Affairs
2475:Catholic Encyclopedia
2433:Hogarth, David George
2395:Encyclopedia of Islam
2201:Nilüfer Çınar Çorlulu
2109:Körfez İskenderunspor
1878:(366 houses), 2 were
1108:Mediterranean climate
937:, at the foot of the
819:
809:
727:
654:
553:
460:
340:coast. Located on an
27:City in Hatay, Turkey
18:Alexandria of Cilicia
4168:Alexandria Arachosia
2584:A.J. Barker (1967).
2105:association football
1200:Record high °C (°F)
941:(Amanos Mountains).
923:powerful earthquakes
624:Council of Chalcedon
498:against the Persian
441:used the diminutive
426:'s victory over the
346:powerful earthquakes
224: • Density
4325:İskenderun District
4254:Antigonia (Paeonia)
3911:İskenderun District
3047:İskenderun pictures
2701:Fezzes in the River
2120:İskenderunspor 1967
2063:served in the flat
2036:Nihal Atakaş Mosque
1895:is the seat of the
1780:
1480:Record low °C (°F)
1340:Daily mean °C (°F)
912:2013 reorganisation
866:San Remo conference
807:, later said that
678:Annuario Pontificio
641:for supporting the
534:Alexandria Scabiosa
484:Alexander the Great
480:Alexandria ad Issum
424:Alexander the Great
353:Alexander the Great
153:36.5817°N 36.1650°E
149: /
4178:Alexandria Eschate
3909:Neighbourhoods of
3796:Southeast Anatolia
3689:Northeast Anatolia
3214:
3212:Districts of Hatay
3204:
2642:I. William Zartman
2571:A Line in the Sand
2508:Siméon Vailhé, v.
2167:Sarkis Soghanalian
2129:In popular culture
1940:Gulf of İskenderun
1778:
935:Gulf of İskenderun
857:at the end of the
829:Hamidian Massacres
822:
797:Théophile Delcassé
792:for this purpose.
734:
695:Kuyucu Murat Pasha
661:
646:Severus of Antioch
556:
490:as the key to the
471:
196: • Mayor
125:Location in Turkey
4267:
4266:
4173:Alexandria Ariana
4123:Ptolemais Hermiou
4066:
4065:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3860:
3859:
2956:on 7 October 2011
2893:. 9 February 2023
2663:10.1093/ia/iix118
2536:978-88-209-9070-1
2171:Merchant of Death
2169:(1929–2011), aka
2103:The city has two
1859:
1858:
1775:
1774:
1673:relative humidity
1106:İskenderun has a
892:Republic of Hatay
882:League of Nations
864:In July 1920 the
843:Republic of Hatay
837:Armenian genocide
772:At the outset of
730:Mediterranean Sea
636:Byzantine Emperor
512:Alexandria, Egypt
369:Abbasid Caliphate
276:
275:
16:(Redirected from
4357:
4208:Laodicea Paralos
4135:
4093:
4086:
4079:
4070:
4069:
3903:
3896:
3889:
3880:
3879:
3866:
3522:Central Anatolia
3221:
3220:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3071:
3070:
3061:
3023:İskenderun Guide
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2972:
2966:
2965:
2963:
2961:
2952:. Archived from
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2829:
2825:Official Gazette
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2493:Michel Lequien,
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2021:
2006:
1994:
1982:
1970:
1958:
1931:
1781:
1777:
1627:
1148:
1147:
665:Alexandria Minor
524:
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381:Mamluk Sultanate
319:
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4233:Seleucia Pieria
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3059:
3052:İskenderun News
3038:
3030:Wayback Machine
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2760:The Independent
2749:
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2730:
2722:The Independent
2711:
2707:
2699:Sarah Shields,
2698:
2694:
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2682:
2644:(1 July 2017).
2639:
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2627:. 20 June 2023.
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2157:
2155:Notable natives
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2025:
2024:İskenderun port
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1983:
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1911:Knights Templar
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1868:Martin Hartmann
1864:
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1766:Source 1: NOAA
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859:First World War
851:
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833:Adana Massacres
801:Sir Edward Grey
697:suppressed the
687:
669:Catholic Church
622:in 445. At the
580:Cilicia Secunda
548:
542:
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500:King Darius III
496:Battle of Issus
476:
469:near İskenderun
455:
435:Issus (Cilicia)
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3642:East Black Sea
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3311:Afyonkarahisar
3307:
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3110:
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3102:Hatay Province
3100:İskenderun in
3097:
3096:
3089:
3082:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3062:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3036:External links
3034:
3033:
3032:
3012:
3011:
2986:
2967:
2941:
2916:
2904:
2878:
2856:
2831:
2820:"Law No. 6360"
2811:
2801:
2781:
2751:Fisk, Robert.
2743:
2705:
2692:
2630:
2616:
2605:
2591:
2588:. p. 472.
2576:
2558:
2555:. p. 149.
2549:Fromkin, David
2540:
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2463:
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2441:Chisholm, Hugh
2404:
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2240:Hatay Province
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2145:State of Hatay
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2113:İskenderunspor
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2093:Güney Gazetesi
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951:neighbourhoods
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855:Ottoman Empire
847:Main article:
844:
841:
782:Lord Kitchener
758:Levant Company
699:Jelali revolts
691:Ottoman Empire
686:
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628:Constantinople
576:Roman province
544:Main article:
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342:alluvial plain
330:Hatay Province
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4023:Mustafa Kemal
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3586:
3583:
3582:
3580:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3523:
3519:
3513:
3510:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3501:
3500:
3499:Kahramanmaraş
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3476:
3472:
3470:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3460:
3459:Mediterranean
3456:
3450:
3449:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3427:West Anatolia
3424:
3418:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3386:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3371:
3369:
3367:
3363:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3347:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3271:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3247:
3246:
3244:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3229:
3222:
3218:
3210:
3201:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3117:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3103:
3095:
3090:
3088:
3083:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3072:
3066:
3063:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3018:
2999:
2998:
2990:
2982:
2978:
2971:
2955:
2951:
2945:
2930:
2926:
2920:
2913:
2908:
2892:
2888:
2882:
2866:
2860:
2845:
2841:
2835:
2827:
2826:
2821:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2802:0-7546-3338-1
2798:
2794:
2793:
2785:
2778:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2755:
2747:
2740:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2717:
2709:
2702:
2696:
2681:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2637:
2635:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2595:
2587:
2580:
2573:. p. 15.
2572:
2568:
2562:
2554:
2550:
2544:
2537:
2533:
2529:
2524:
2517:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2498:
2497:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2477:
2476:
2470:
2468:
2461:
2456:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2428:public domain
2415:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2401:
2397:
2396:
2390:
2374:
2368:
2361:
2356:
2348:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2322:
2314:
2310:
2303:
2288:
2281:
2275:
2273:
2268:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2232:
2224:
2220:
2217:
2214:
2211:
2208:
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:Yasin Özdenak
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2158:
2152:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2084:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2054:
2032:
2027:
2020:
2015:
2012:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1988:
1981:
1976:
1969:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1820:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:Mean monthly
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1669:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1622:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1553:
1552:precipitation
1548:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1512:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1478:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1408:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1302:
1297:
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1268:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1198:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1109:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1060:Mustafa Kemal
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
980:
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
963:
960:
957:
956:
954:
952:
949:There are 45
942:
940:
939:Nur Mountains
936:
926:
924:
919:
917:
913:
903:
900:
898:
893:
888:
886:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
862:
860:
856:
850:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
818:
813:
808:
806:
802:
798:
793:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
768:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
731:
726:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
682:
680:
679:
674:
670:
666:
659:of İskenderun
658:
653:
649:
647:
644:
640:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
588:Saint Helenus
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
552:
547:
537:
535:
531:
526:
523: 200 AD
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
468:
464:
463:Bagras Castle
459:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
429:
425:
421:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
384:
382:
378:
374:
373:First Crusade
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
338:Mediterranean
335:
331:
327:
323:
315:
296:
292:
284:
280:
271:
261:
257:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
186:
183:
181:
177:
174:
171:
167:
162:
134:Coordinates:
132:
107:
98:
91:
86:
76:
68:
64:
59:
55:
51:
46:
36:
30:
19:
4223:Philadelphia
4153:Alexandretta
4152:
4099:Hellenistic/
4056:Yıldırımtepe
3910:
3844:
3832:
3820:
3813:
3783:
3766:
3716:
3676:
3664:
3614:
3534:
3504:
3497:
3485:
3473:
3466:
3446:
3434:
3409:
3402:
3395:
3383:
3366:East Marmara
3348:
3341:
3329:
3322:
3315:
3290:
3268:
3261:West Marmara
3248:
3225:
3159:
3060:(in Turkish)
3016:
3015:
3002:. Retrieved
2996:
2989:
2980:
2970:
2958:. Retrieved
2954:the original
2944:
2932:. Retrieved
2919:
2907:
2895:. Retrieved
2881:
2869:. Retrieved
2859:
2847:. Retrieved
2843:
2834:
2823:
2814:
2806:
2791:
2784:
2776:
2771:15 September
2769:. Retrieved
2758:
2746:
2738:
2733:15 September
2731:. Retrieved
2720:
2708:
2700:
2695:
2683:. Retrieved
2653:
2649:
2619:
2608:
2594:
2585:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2495:
2489:
2483:Cambysopolis
2479:
2473:
2455:
2444:
2437:Alexandretta
2399:
2393:
2389:
2379:19 September
2377:. Retrieved
2367:
2355:
2346:
2340:
2331:
2327:
2321:
2312:
2308:
2302:
2292:19 September
2290:. Retrieved
2249:
2213:Jehan Barbur
2177:Yalçın Küçük
2170:
2134:
2132:
2124:
2117:phoenix club
2102:
2092:
2090:
2050:
1865:
1862:Demographics
1554:mm (inches)
1122:
1111:
1105:
1093:Yıldırımtepe
948:
932:
920:
909:
901:
897:Turkish Army
889:
880:, under the
863:
852:
823:
810:
794:
771:
735:
728:View of the
719:Muhammad Ali
703:Henry Teonge
688:
676:
662:
557:
533:
527:
507:
503:
492:Syrian Gates
479:
477:
447:Alexandretta
446:
419:
417:
385:
350:
321:
299:Αλεξανδρέττα
291:Alexandretta
290:
278:
277:
54:municipality
42:Alexandretta
29:
4238:Serraepolis
4050:Süleymaniye
4017:Modernevler
4005:Kavaklıoluk
3994:İsmet İnönü
3979:Fatihsultan
3870:are bolded.
3004:30 November
2960:23 February
2219:Selçuk İnan
2183:Erol Erdinç
2095:newspaper.
2081:pomegranate
2079:, and sour
1886:Main sights
1087:Süleymaniye
1054:Modernevler
1042:Kavaklıoluk
1031:İsmet İnönü
1016:Fatihsultan
945:Composition
849:Hatay State
774:World War I
709:and attack
685:Ottoman era
673:titular see
408:Hatay State
396:World War I
266:.iskenderun
156: /
4280:İskenderun
4274:Categories
4148:Ai-Khanoum
4118:Alexandria
4101:Macedonian
3973:Dumlupınar
3969:Denizciler
3965:Cumhuriyet
3927:Aşkarbeyli
3815:Diyarbakır
3286:Kırklareli
3160:İskenderun
3042:İskenderun
2897:9 February
2871:8 February
2849:7 February
2844:Cumhuriyet
2763:. London.
2725:. London.
2680:1005506048
2567:James Barr
2402:Iskandarūn
2334:(14): 135.
2263:References
2207:Uğur Şahin
2059:and other
1134:tangerines
1010:Dumlupınar
1006:Denizciler
1002:Cumhuriyet
964:Aşkarbeyli
906:Modern era
835:, and the
805:Hindenburg
707:Belen Pass
590:, and the
508:Alexandria
431:Darius III
420:Alexandria
365:Byzantines
322:Scanderoon
314:Alexandria
279:İskenderun
216:Population
191:Government
144:36°09′54″E
141:36°34′54″N
119:İskenderun
39:İskenderun
4059:Yunusemre
4053:Yenişehir
4032:Pınarbaşı
4029:Orhangazi
4001:Karayılan
3950:Büyükdere
3947:Buluttepe
3936:Barıştepe
3846:Şanlıurfa
3822:Gaziantep
3660:Gümüşhane
3632:Zonguldak
3610:Kastamonu
3542:Kırıkkale
3397:Eskişehir
3276:Çanakkale
3270:Balıkesir
3228:provinces
3190:Yayladağı
3113:Districts
2672:0020-5850
2538:), p. 829
2435:(1911). "
2315:(2): 428.
2189:Cem Erman
2143:map. The
2071:and also
1121:Trewartha
1096:Yunusemre
1090:Yenişehir
1069:Pınarbaşı
1066:Orhangazi
1038:Karayılan
987:Büyükdere
984:Buluttepe
973:Barıştepe
929:Geography
825:Armenians
721:in 1832.
715:Egyptians
639:Justinian
632:simoniacs
586:speak of
584:menologia
568:Anazarbus
564:suffragan
560:bishopric
488:Myriandus
474:Antiquity
461:Ruins of
287:إسكندرونة
250:Area code
233:Time zone
4285:Çukurova
4228:Seleucia
4104:colonies
4047:Suçıkağı
4041:Sarıseki
4035:Pirireis
4020:Muradiye
4011:Kurtuluş
4008:Kocatepe
3997:Kaledibi
3991:Hürriyet
3988:Güzelçay
3976:Esentepe
3962:Cırtıman
3933:Barbaros
3930:Azganlık
3804:Adıyaman
3712:Erzincan
3552:Nevşehir
3547:Kırşehir
3512:Osmaniye
3292:Tekirdağ
3250:Istanbul
3241:Istanbul
3226:List of
3185:Samandağ
3180:Reyhanlı
3165:Kırıkhan
3120:Altınözü
3026:Archived
3017:Sources:
2934:15 April
2891:BBC News
2765:Archived
2727:Archived
2569:(2011).
2551:(1989).
2478:, 1908,
2235:Çukurova
2229:See also
2069:lahmacun
1907:Crusades
1761:2,572.3
1671:Average
1626:(≥ 1 mm)
1619:(29.97)
1550:Average
1265:(104.0)
1245:(104.0)
1240:(101.8)
1225:(104.0)
1220:(102.2)
1084:Suçıkağı
1078:Sarıseki
1072:Pirireis
1057:Muradiye
1048:Kurtuluş
1045:Kocatepe
1034:Kaledibi
1028:Hürriyet
1025:Güzelçay
1013:Esentepe
999:Cırtıman
970:Barbaros
967:Azganlık
754:Venetian
746:Egyptian
711:Anatolia
643:Jacobite
600:Theodore
582:. Greek
516:Herodian
504:Esentepe
439:pilgrims
388:Ottomans
357:Seleucid
326:district
180:Province
50:District
4198:Attalia
4158:Antioch
4038:Sakarya
3982:Gültepe
3959:Çınarlı
3944:Bitişik
3940:Bekbele
3779:Tunceli
3768:Malatya
3762:Hakkâri
3718:Erzurum
3707:Bayburt
3702:Ardahan
3678:Trabzon
3655:Giresun
3605:Karabük
3595:Çankırı
3536:Kayseri
3530:Aksaray
3493:Isparta
3475:Antalya
3442:Karaman
3411:Sakarya
3404:Kocaeli
3374:Bilecik
3337:Kütahya
3324:Denizli
3145:Dörtyol
3125:Antakya
2912:Mahalle
2443:(ed.).
2430::
2073:Antakya
2067:bread,
2047:Cuisine
2042:Culture
1948:Gallery
1919:Antioch
1915:Antakya
1880:Alawite
1876:Turkish
1872:nahiyah
1614:(3.83)
1609:(3.17)
1604:(2.65)
1599:(2.02)
1594:(0.97)
1589:(0.50)
1584:(1.22)
1579:(2.14)
1574:(2.55)
1569:(3.33)
1564:(3.76)
1559:(3.83)
1545:(30.6)
1540:(33.4)
1535:(36.3)
1530:(36.5)
1525:(59.7)
1520:(65.5)
1515:(65.5)
1510:(58.6)
1505:(52.2)
1500:(41.2)
1495:(32.7)
1490:(31.5)
1485:(30.6)
1475:(63.5)
1470:(51.4)
1465:(58.3)
1460:(68.2)
1455:(75.4)
1450:(79.9)
1445:(78.6)
1440:(73.2)
1435:(66.4)
1430:(59.4)
1425:(53.6)
1420:(49.3)
1415:(48.4)
1405:(69.3)
1400:(56.8)
1395:(64.6)
1390:(74.7)
1385:(81.1)
1380:(84.6)
1375:(83.1)
1370:(78.4)
1365:(72.1)
1360:(65.5)
1355:(59.9)
1350:(55.2)
1345:(53.8)
1335:(75.9)
1330:(63.3)
1325:(72.1)
1320:(82.4)
1315:(88.0)
1310:(90.1)
1305:(88.7)
1300:(84.6)
1295:(79.2)
1290:(73.0)
1285:(67.1)
1280:(62.1)
1275:(60.3)
1260:(79.7)
1255:(88.2)
1250:(99.3)
1235:(99.0)
1230:(99.7)
1215:(89.1)
1210:(79.5)
1205:(77.0)
1142:mangoes
1130:oranges
1102:Climate
1075:Sakarya
1019:Gültepe
996:Çınarlı
981:Bitişik
977:Bekbele
910:At the
762:factory
750:Genoese
738:Baghdad
620:Antioch
596:Aristio
594:saints
574:of the
465:on the
453:History
443:Romance
428:Persian
402:in the
312:little
306:
259:Website
219:251,682
169:Country
4340:Levant
4247:Europe
4218:Nicaea
4203:Edessa
4163:Apamea
4111:Africa
4026:Numune
4014:Meydan
3985:Gürsel
3956:Cebike
3921:Akarca
3852:Şırnak
3834:Mardin
3809:Batman
3757:Elazığ
3752:Bitlis
3747:Bingöl
3650:Artvin
3616:Samsun
3590:Bartın
3585:Amasya
3567:Yozgat
3506:Mersin
3481:Burdur
3436:Ankara
3417:Yalova
3343:Manisa
3303:Aegean
3281:Edirne
3232:region
3106:Turkey
2799:
2685:17 May
2678:
2670:
2534:
2439:". In
2424:
2223:Turkey
2149:Sultan
2099:Sports
2077:kibbeh
2061:kebabs
2053:Künefe
1758:125.7
1755:167.2
1752:223.7
1749:252.3
1746:270.5
1743:287.4
1740:294.6
1737:271.8
1734:213.2
1731:192.6
1728:145.5
1725:127.8
1156:Month
1138:lemons
1113:Köppen
1063:Numune
1051:Meydan
1022:Gürsel
993:Cebike
958:Akarca
870:Turkey
767:Aleppo
592:martyr
530:Aleppo
400:sanjak
361:Romans
334:Turkey
320:) and
283:Arabic
173:Turkey
4044:Savaş
3924:Akçay
3840:Siirt
3828:Kilis
3724:Iğdır
3627:Tokat
3622:Sinop
3600:Çorum
3562:Sivas
3557:Niğde
3487:Hatay
3468:Adana
3448:Konya
3391:Düzce
3385:Bursa
3350:Muğla
3331:İzmir
3317:Aydın
3175:Payas
3170:Kumlu
3155:Hassa
3150:Erzin
3140:Defne
3135:Belen
3130:Arsuz
2512:, in
2283:(XLS)
2141:Grail
2087:Media
2065:dürüm
2057:döner
1714:63.2
1711:57.6
1708:54.0
1705:58.9
1702:64.4
1699:69.9
1696:70.5
1693:69.0
1690:67.8
1687:65.7
1684:62.2
1681:59.5
1678:59.1
1666:70.4
1617:761.2
1195:Year
1081:Savaş
961:Akçay
916:Arsuz
878:Syria
790:Haifa
742:India
671:as a
616:synod
445:form
295:Greek
238:UTC+3
185:Hatay
4141:Asia
3729:Kars
3697:Ağrı
3672:Rize
3666:Ordu
3379:Bolu
3356:Uşak
3006:2022
2962:2011
2936:2024
2899:2023
2873:2023
2851:2023
2797:ISBN
2773:2013
2735:2013
2687:2021
2676:OCLC
2668:ISSN
2532:ISBN
2480:s.v.
2400:s.v.
2381:2023
2294:2023
2287:TÜİK
1891:The
1817:Dec
1814:Nov
1811:Oct
1808:Sep
1805:Aug
1802:Jul
1799:Jun
1796:May
1793:Apr
1790:Mar
1787:Feb
1784:Jan
1675:(%)
1663:8.5
1660:6.1
1657:6.0
1654:4.9
1651:2.2
1648:2.1
1645:2.6
1642:4.9
1639:7.0
1636:8.4
1633:8.6
1630:9.1
1612:97.2
1607:80.4
1602:67.4
1597:51.3
1592:24.6
1587:12.8
1582:30.9
1577:54.3
1572:64.7
1567:84.6
1562:95.6
1557:97.4
1543:−0.8
1523:15.4
1518:18.6
1513:18.6
1508:14.8
1503:11.2
1488:−0.3
1483:−0.8
1473:17.5
1468:10.8
1463:14.6
1458:20.1
1453:24.1
1448:26.6
1443:25.9
1438:22.9
1433:19.1
1428:15.2
1423:12.0
1403:20.7
1398:13.8
1393:18.1
1388:23.7
1383:27.3
1378:29.2
1373:28.4
1368:25.8
1363:22.3
1358:18.6
1353:15.5
1348:12.9
1343:12.1
1333:24.4
1328:17.4
1323:22.3
1318:28.0
1313:31.1
1308:32.3
1303:31.5
1298:29.2
1293:26.2
1288:22.8
1283:19.5
1278:16.7
1273:15.7
1263:40.0
1258:26.5
1253:31.2
1248:37.4
1243:40.0
1238:38.8
1233:37.2
1228:37.6
1223:40.0
1218:39.0
1213:31.7
1208:26.4
1203:25.0
1192:Dec
1189:Nov
1186:Oct
1183:Sep
1180:Aug
1177:Jul
1174:Jun
1171:May
1168:Apr
1165:Mar
1162:Feb
1159:Jan
1136:and
890:The
786:Iraq
752:and
740:and
657:Gulf
598:and
558:The
414:Name
303:lit.
268:.bel
254:0326
208:Area
79:Logo
52:and
3953:Çay
3785:Van
3774:Muş
3230:by
3104:of
2658:doi
1538:0.8
1533:2.4
1528:2.5
1498:5.1
1493:0.4
1418:9.6
1413:9.1
1117:Csa
990:Çay
717:of
618:at
604:See
578:of
566:of
433:at
328:of
270:.tr
264:www
242:TRT
201:AKP
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