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889:'s southern wing was created by Andreas Hess in 1551 according to plans by Christoph Römer. Another relief by an unknown artist was included in the wall of the Albertina's original campus. This depiction, which showed the duke with his sword over his shoulder, was the popular "Albertus", the symbol of the university. The original was moved to
762:, who had adherents in Königsberg, and these theological disputes soon created an uproar in the town. The duke strenuously supported Osiander, and the area of the quarrel soon broadened. There were no longer church lands available with which to conciliate the nobles, the burden of taxation was heavy, and Albert's rule became unpopular.
505:. Not only was he quite religious; he was also interested in mathematics and science and sometimes is claimed to have contradicted the teachings of the Church in favour of scientific theories. His career was forwarded by the Church, however, and institutions of the Catholic clerics supported his early advancement.
570:
The new grand master, aware of his duties to the empire and to the papacy, refused to submit to the crown of Poland. As war over the order's existence appeared inevitable, Albert made strenuous efforts to secure allies and carried on protracted negotiations with
Emperor Maximilian I. The ill-feeling,
734:
The early years of Albert's rule in
Prussia were fairly prosperous. Although he had some trouble with the peasantry, the lands and treasures of the church enabled him to propitiate the nobles and for a time to provide for the expenses of the court. He did something for the furtherance of learning by
685:
and took the oath of allegiance to the new duke, who used his full powers to promote the doctrines of Luther. This transition did not, however, take place without protest. Summoned before the imperial court of justice, Albert refused to appear and was proscribed, while the order elected a new grand
400:
Albert's rule in
Prussia was fairly prosperous. Although he had some trouble with the peasantry, the confiscation of the lands and treasures of the Catholic Church enabled him to propitiate the nobles and provide for the expenses of the newly established Prussian court. He was active in imperial
377:. He became grand master of the Teutonic Knights in their attempt to diplomatically win over the Polish-Lithuanian union. His skill in political administration and leadership ultimately succeeded in reversing the decline of the Teutonic Order. But Albert was sympathetic to the demands of
608:
to abandon the rules of his order, to marry, and to convert
Prussia into a hereditary duchy for himself. This proposal, which was understandably appealing to Albert, had already been discussed by some of his relatives; but it was necessary to proceed cautiously, and he assured
773:, exercised great influence over him and obtained considerable wealth at public expense. The state of turmoil caused by these religious and political disputes was increased by the possibility of Albert's early death and the need, should that happen, to appoint a
789:
of Poland, Albert's cousin, who sent a commission to Königsberg. Skalić saved his life by flight, but Funck was executed. The question of the regency was settled, and a form of
Lutheranism was adopted and declared binding on all teachers and preachers.
617:
doctrines. Luther for his part did not stop at the suggestion, but in order to facilitate the change made special efforts to spread his teaching among the
Prussians, while Albert's brother, Margrave
425:. During the final years of his rule, Albert was forced to raise taxes instead of further confiscating now-depleted church lands, causing peasant rebellion. The intrigues of the court favourites
898:
931:
in northern Königsberg. Its main street was named Herzog-Albrecht-Allee in 1906. Its town square, König-Ottokar-Platz, was renamed Herzog-Albrecht-Platz in 1934 to match its church, the
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666:
After some delay
Sigismund assented to the offer, with the provision that Prussia should be treated as a Polish fiefdom; and after this arrangement had been confirmed by a
713:
in May 1548. For various reasons, however, poverty and personal inclination among others, he did not take a prominent part in the military operations of this period.
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582:
and other princes, but as no settlement was reached Albert continued his efforts to obtain help in view of a renewal of the war. For this purpose he visited the
48:
358:
of his lands. He proved instrumental in the political spread of
Protestantism in its early stage, ruling the Prussian lands for nearly six decades (1510–1568).
2173:
1822:
754:
Osiander's appointment was the beginning of the troubles which clouded the closing years of Albert's reign. Osiander's divergence from Luther's doctrine of
709:
in 1526, he acted in unison with the
Protestants, and was among the princes who banded and plotted together to overthrow Charles V after the issue of the
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2183:
2030:
894:
1969:
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1199:
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was still a mere youth. The duke was forced to consent to a condemnation of the teaching of
Osiander, and the climax came in 1566 when the
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281:
1662:
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establishing schools in every town and by freeing serfs who adopted a scholastic life. In 1544, in spite of some opposition, he founded
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by converting the Teutonic state into a Protestant and hereditary realm, the Duchy of Prussia, for which he paid homage to his uncle,
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2015:
739:, where he appointed his friend Andreas Osiander to a professorship in 1549. Albert also paid for the printing of the Astronomical "
2153:
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1054:
551:, died in December 1510. Albert was chosen as his successor early in 1511 in the hope that his relationship to his maternal uncle,
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also led to various religious and political disputes. Albert spent his final years virtually deprived of power and died at
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in 1525. Albert pledged a personal oath to the king and in return was invested with the duchy for himself and his heirs.
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created a duplicate for the wall. Another version of the "Albertus" by Lothar Sauer was included at the entrance of the
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1955:
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1978:
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Albert was a voluminous letter writer, and corresponded with many of the leading personages of the time.
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which began in December 1519 and devastated Prussia. Albert was granted a four-year truce early in 1521.
555:, Grand Duke of Lithuania and king of Poland, would facilitate a settlement of the disputes over eastern
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to Sigismund I and was invested with the duchy for himself and his heirs on 10 February 1525.
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created a sandstone bust of Albert at the Regierungsgebäude, the administrative building for
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Elisabeth (20 May 1551 – 19 February 1596) died unmarried and without issue.
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8:
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also designed an equestrian statue of Albert located at the new campus of the Albertina.
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with the inscription: "Albert of Brandenburg, Last Grand Master, First Duke in Prussia".
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702:, they did not enforce the ban on the duke, and agitation against him soon died away.
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Albert was the first German noble to support Luther's ideas and in 1544 founded the
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in 1526, and acted in unison with the Protestants in plotting to overthrow Emperor
402:
343:
335:
330:; 17 May 1490 – 20 March 1568) was a German prince who was the 37th
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Lucia Dorothea (8 April 1531 – 1 February 1532) died in infancy.
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Frederick Albert (5 December 1529 – 1 January 1530). died young.
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that he was anxious to reform the order and punish the knights who had adopted
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381:, whose teachings had become popular in his lands. So he rebelled against the
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694:. As the German princes were experiencing the tumult of the Reformation, the
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Virtually deprived of power, the duke lived for two more years, and died at
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influenced by the ravages of members of the Order in Poland, culminated in
485:, the last pagan ruler in Europe, who defeated the Teutonic Knights at the
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350:. Albert was the first European ruler to establish Lutheranism, and thus
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874:. It was the second Lutheran university in the German states, after the
2088:
1666:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 497.
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1947:
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in May 1548. Albert established schools in every town and founded the
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813:, who strongly influenced the Duke in the closing years of his reign
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of Poland and Lithuania, vanquisher of the Teutonic Knights at the
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958:(1 August 1504 – 11 April 1547), daughter of King
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After Osiander's death in 1552, Albert favoured a preacher named
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Lucia (3 February 1537 – 1 May 1539) died young.
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in 1544. He promoted culture and arts, patronising the works of
912:. On 19 May 1891 Reusch premiered a famous statue of Albert at
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434:
183:
169:
1697:"An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics - 1"
513:
1797:
Ward, A.W.; Prothero, G.W.; Leathes, Stanley, eds. (1934).
1770:(in German). Leer: Verlag Gerhard Rautenberg. p. 371.
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In imperial politics Albert was fairly active. Joining the
647:
508:
Turning to a more active life, Albert accompanied Emperor
30:"Albert of Prussia" redirects here. For other people, see
969:(11 June 1527 – 6 February 1591), married
532:
As grand master of the Teutonic Order, painting from 1522
361:
Albert was great-grandson of the converted pagan ruler
1828:
K. P. Faber: Briefe Luthers an Herzog Albrecht (1811)
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Katharina (b. and d. 24 February 1528) died at birth.
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on 20 March 1568 of the plague, along with his wife.
346:, the secularized state that emerged from the former
1801:. Vol. XIII. Cambridge at the University Press.
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to protect it from the elements, while the sculptor
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in 1508 and after his return spent some time in the
1796:
1683:
1790:Welche Mitbürger hat Königsberg öffentlich geehrt?
870:, the Albertina, as a rival to the Roman Catholic
540:Coat of arms as grand master of the Teutonic Order
1014:(29 April 1553 – 18 August 1618),
690:, who received Prussia as a fief at the imperial
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559:, which had been held by the order under Polish
1813:Literature by and about Albert, Duke of Prussia
586:in 1522, where he made the acquaintance of the
2149:Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism
988:Albert (b. and d. 1 March 1539) died at birth.
2194:People of the Polish–Teutonic War (1519–1521)
1963:
1768:Lexikon der Stadt Königsberg Pr. und Umgebung
885:of Albert over the Renaissance-era portal of
2174:People excommunicated by the Catholic Church
1200:Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
593:, by whose influence Albert was won over to
459:Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
108:10 April 1525 – 20 March 1568
1061:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
947:Dorothea of Denmark, Duchess of Prussia by
489:in 1410. He was raised for a career in the
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1956:
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971:John Albert I, Duke of Mecklenburg-Güstrow
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1823:William Urban on the situation in Prussia
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1081:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1004:, in 1550. The couple had two children:
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393:. That arrangement was confirmed by the
2184:People from the Principality of Ansbach
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758:involved him in a violent quarrel with
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1792:(in German). Würzburg: Holzner Verlag.
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927:Albert was oft-honored in the quarter
642:: Albert and his brothers receive the
621:, laid the scheme before their uncle,
348:Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights
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1894:Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
1140:Albrecht III, Elector of Brandenburg
1059:adding citations to reliable sources
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578:The dispute was referred to Emperor
493:and spent some time at the court of
441:, succeeded him as Duke of Prussia.
64:Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights
2224:German people of Lithuanian descent
2164:Grand masters of the Teutonic Order
1113:Frederick I, Elector of Brandenburg
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600:The grand master then journeyed to
24:
1723:
996:(1532–20 March 1568), daughter of
962:, in 1526. They had six children:
899:Königsberg State and Royal Library
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282:Frederick I of Brandenburg-Ansbach
25:
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2214:16th-century Lutheran theologians
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1684:Ward, Prothero & Leathes 1934
747:and the first maps of Prussia by
501:, who appointed him canon of the
27:Duke of Prussia from 1525 to 1568
2189:People from the Duchy of Prussia
2029:
1031:
933:Herzog-Albrecht-Gedächtniskirche
769:, who, with an adventurer named
342:, became the first ruler of the
220:Anna Marie of Brunswick-Lüneburg
2154:German people of Polish descent
1237:Frederick II, Elector of Saxony
859:"Albertus" with sword from the
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209:
53:Albert of Prussia, painting by
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1737:
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700:wars against the Ottoman Turks
369:. He was also a member of the
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1:
2144:16th-century dukes of Prussia
1923:state of the Teutonic Knights
1759:
1173:Elisabeth of Bavaria-Landshut
924:contains a statue of Albert.
619:George of Brandenburg-Ansbach
444:
1850:House of Brandenburg-Ansbach
1799:The Cambridge Modern History
1786:Mühlpfordt, Herbert Meinhard
1022:
565:Second Peace of Thorn (1466)
481:. His great-grandfather was
7:
2219:German Lutheran hymnwriters
910:Regierungsbezirk Königsberg
437:on 20 March 1568. His son,
391:Sigismund I, king of Poland
117:Albert Frederick of Prussia
10:
2240:
2209:People of the Count's Feud
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949:Cornelis Floris de Vriendt
846:Cornelis Floris de Vriendt
823:Cornelis Floris de Vriendt
668:treaty concluded at Kraków
604:, where he was advised by
73:1510 – 1525
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954:Albert married first, to
891:Königsberg Public Library
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825:designed his tomb within
729:— The Just lives on Faith
338:and, after converting to
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2199:University of Königsberg
1887:Duke Frederick of Saxony
1845:Albert, Duke of Prussia
1766:Albinus, Robert (1985).
1606:Albert (duke of Prussia)
1592:
1324:Albert, Duke of Prussia
868:University of Königsberg
681:of the land then met at
545:Duke Frederick of Saxony
415:University of Königsberg
82:Duke Frederick of Saxony
1817:German National Library
1663:Encyclopædia Britannica
1610:Encyclopædia Britannica
1547:Elizabeth of Luxembourg
992:He married secondly to
409:after the issue of the
55:Lucas Cranach the Elder
2101:Elector of Brandenburg
960:Frederick I of Denmark
951:
863:
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814:
756:justification by faith
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547:, grand master of the
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401:politics, joining the
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32:Albert of Hohenzollern
2169:House of Hohenzollern
2069:Frederick William III
1858:House of Hohenzollern
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876:University of Marburg
858:
843:
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787:Sigismund II Augustus
737:Königsberg University
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539:
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483:Władysław II Jagiełło
383:Roman Catholic Church
375:House of Hohenzollern
328:Albrecht von Preussen
272:House of Hohenzollern
2074:Frederick William IV
2064:Frederick William II
1855:Cadet branch of the
1514:Elisabeth of Austria
1487:Albert II of Germany
1390:Casimir IV Jagiellon
1055:improve this section
850:Königsberg Cathedral
827:Königsberg Cathedral
809:and adventurer from
807:Renaissance humanist
727:Iustus ex fide vivit
696:German Peasants' War
479:Elisabeth of Austria
467:Casimir IV Jagiellon
457:as the third son of
2179:People from Ansbach
2129:Protestant monarchs
2054:Frederick William I
1979:Monarchs of Prussia
1904:Walter von Cronberg
1701:dictionary.obspm.fr
1686:, p. table 37.
1297:Margaret of Austria
777:, as his only son,
749:Caspar Hennenberger
688:Walter von Cronberg
670:, Albert pledged a
652:Sigismund I the Old
623:Sigismund I the Old
553:Sigismund I the Old
495:Hermann IV of Hesse
449:Albert was born in
423:Caspar Hennenberger
371:Brandenburg-Ansbach
198:Dorothea of Denmark
137:Brandenburg-Ansbach
92:Walter von Cronberg
2040:Kingdom of Prussia
1752:Mühlpfordt, p. 133
1423:Sophia of Halshany
1002:Brunswick-Lüneburg
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853:
844:Tomb of Albert by
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760:Philip Melanchthon
732:
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650:from Polish King
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518:Kingdom of Hungary
499:Elector of Cologne
487:Battle of Grunwald
367:Battle of Grunwald
354:, as the official
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2016:Frederick William
1946:
1945:
1937:Succeeded by
1901:Succeeded by
1743:Mühlpfordt, p. 82
1734:Mühlpfordt, p. 90
1720:Mühlpfordt, p. 73
1589:
1588:
1450:Zofia Jagiellonka
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914:Königsberg Castle
887:Königsberg Castle
785:appealed to King
584:Diet of Nuremberg
503:Cologne Cathedral
461:. His mother was
387:Holy Roman Empire
320:Albert of Prussia
317:
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141:Holy Roman Empire
18:Albert of Prussia
16:(Redirected from
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2124:Dukes of Prussia
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1987:Duchy of Prussia
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906:Friedrich Reusch
861:Silberbibliothek
779:Albert Frederick
745:Erasmus Reinhold
711:Augsburg Interim
707:League of Torgau
692:Diet of Augsburg
644:Duchy of Prussia
591:Andreas Osiander
469:, Grand Duke of
439:Albert Frederick
419:Erasmus Reinhold
411:Augsburg Interim
403:League of Torgau
395:Treaty of Kraków
344:Duchy of Prussia
336:Teutonic Knights
292:Sophia of Poland
260:Albert Frederick
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672:personal oath
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606:Martin Luther
603:
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595:Protestantism
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2059:Frederick II
1995:
1928:
1912:New creation
1911:
1892:
1870:
1863:
1856:
1848:
1834:to Albrecht
1798:
1789:
1767:
1748:
1739:
1716:
1704:. Retrieved
1700:
1691:
1661:
1609:
1601:
1323:
1077:
1068:
1053:Please help
1041:
991:
953:
926:
918:Albert Wolff
903:
895:Paul Kimritz
880:
865:
831:
816:
799:Pavao Skalić
797:Portrait of
767:Johann Funck
764:
753:
733:
725:
724:coin, 1534,
704:
676:
665:
637:
599:
577:
569:
543:
524:Grand Master
510:Maximilian I
507:
473:and king of
448:
427:Johann Funck
399:
360:
332:grand master
319:
318:
311:
305:(until 1525)
304:
247:
164:(1568-03-20)
57:, dated 1528
36:
2139:1568 deaths
2134:1490 births
2049:Frederick I
2042:(1701–1918)
2021:Frederick I
1989:(1525–1701)
1866:16 May 1490
1836:(in German)
1830:letters of
1549:(1409–1442)
1516:(1435–1505)
1489:(1397–1439)
1452:(1464–1512)
1425:(1405–1461)
1392:(1427–1492)
1365:(1362–1434)
1326:(1490–1568)
1299:(1416–1486)
1266:(1437–1512)
1239:(1412–1464)
1202:(1460–1536)
1175:(1383–1442)
1142:(1414–1486)
1115:(1371–1440)
967:Anna Sophia
929:Maraunenhof
922:King's Gate
771:Paul Skalić
625:of Poland.
431:Paul Skalić
340:Lutheranism
312:(from 1525)
309:Lutheranism
302:Catholicism
256:Anna Sophia
130:17 May 1490
78:Predecessor
2118:Categories
2089:William II
1934:1525–1568
1898:1510–1525
1760:References
1706:1 February
1000:, Duke of
994:Anna Maria
698:, and the
683:Königsberg
602:Wittenberg
563:since the
561:suzerainty
445:Early life
2079:William I
1819:catalogue
1042:does not
1023:Ancestors
580:Charles V
471:Lithuania
455:Franconia
407:Charles V
180:Gvardeysk
113:Successor
88:Successor
1921:Monastic
1788:(1963).
956:Dorothea
904:In 1880
722:Groschen
686:master,
656:Painting
654:, 1525.
615:Lutheran
588:Reformer
385:and the
298:Religion
2103:; also
1919:of the
1815:in the
1363:Jogaila
1063:removed
1048:sources
811:Croatia
783:Estates
679:Estates
662:, 1882.
660:Matejko
557:Prussia
451:Ansbach
363:Jogaila
334:of the
236:
228:
224:
214:
206:
202:
174:Prussia
151:Germany
147:Bavaria
133:Ansbach
1996:Albert
1869:
1774:
998:Eric I
883:relief
836:Legacy
819:Tapiau
775:regent
491:Church
475:Poland
463:Sophia
435:Tapiau
324:German
288:Mother
278:Father
192:Spouse
184:Russia
170:Tapiau
42:Albert
2099:also
1871:Died:
1864:Born:
1593:Notes
801:, an
646:as a
573:a war
514:Italy
267:House
243:Issue
230:(
226:
208:(
204:
178:(now
145:(now
105:Reign
70:Reign
1772:ISBN
1708:2019
1545:15.
1485:14.
1421:13.
1361:12.
1295:11.
1235:10.
1046:any
1044:cite
720:One
677:The
648:fief
429:and
421:and
159:Died
127:Born
1512:7.
1448:3.
1388:6.
1322:1.
1262:5.
1198:2.
1171:9.
1138:4.
1111:8.
1057:by
848:in
658:by
512:to
453:in
2120::
1725:^
1699:.
1672:^
1660:.
1617:^
1608:.
935:.
901:.
881:A
878:.
829:.
805:,
751:.
597:.
567:.
520:.
497:,
326::
232:m.
210:m.
182:,
172:,
149:,
139:,
135:,
1971:e
1964:t
1957:v
1780:.
1710:.
1612:.
1084:)
1078:(
1073:)
1069:(
1065:.
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1018:.
973:.
322:(
186:)
153:)
34:.
20:)
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