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ground. It was No. 56 Squadron's first victory. Regaining an altitude of 5,000 feet (1,500 m), he tried to dive underneath an
Albatros two-seater and pop up under its belly as usual, but he overshot, and the German rear gunner put a burst of 15 bullets through the Nieuport's wings and spars. Ball coaxed the Nieuport home for repairs, returning to battle in an S.E.5. In his third combat of the day, he fired five rounds before his machine gun jammed. After landing to clear the gun, he took off once more, surprising five Albatros fighters and sending one down in flames. His fifth battle, shortly thereafter, appeared inconclusive, as the enemy plane managed to land safely. However, its observer had been mortally wounded.
788:, who was charged with discovering the tactics of ace fighter pilots; Gribble decided Ball operated on "paramount courage and a bit of luck". Ball asked Gribble to let him try a Bristol Scout, which he landed badly, seriously damaging the undercarriage; Ball asked for another machine to try again, with the same result, after which he consoled himself by eating "seven pounds of chocolate". It was while serving on the home front that he was able to lobby for the building and testing of the Austin-Ball A.F.B.1 fighter. He hoped to be able to take an example of the type to France with him, but the prototype was not completed until after his death in action. In November he was invited to test fly the prototype of the new
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606:, "it was quite a work of art to pull this gun down and shoot upwards, and at the same time manage one's machine accurately". Ball was as much a loner on the ground as in the air, preferring to stay in his hut on the flight line away from other squadron members. His off-duty hours were spent tending his small garden and practising the violin. Though not unsociable per se, he was extremely sensitive and shy. Ball acted as his own mechanic on his aircraft and, as a consequence, was often untidy and dishevelled. His singularity in dress extended to his habit of flying without a helmet and goggles, and he wore his thick black hair longer than regulations generally permitted.
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1049:. The Red Baron, who believed in his younger brother's victory award, considered Ball "by far the best English flying man". Elsewhere in the book, an unidentified Royal Flying Corps pilot who flew with Ball in his last engagement was quoted as saying, "I see they have given him the V.C. Of course he won it a dozen times over—the whole squadron knows that." The authors themselves described the story of Ball's life as that of "a young knight of gentle manner who learnt to fly and to kill at a time when all the world was killing... saddened by the great tragedy that had come into the world and made him a terrible instrument of Death".
1094:) were working at the time to consolidate the British war graves into fewer cemeteries; 23 British bodies in graves in the location where Ball was buried were moved to the Cabaret Rouge British Cemetery, but at his father's request Ball's grave was allowed to remain. Albert Sr. paid for a private memorial to be erected over Ball's grave, No. 643, in what later became the Annoeullin Communal Cemetery and German Extension. Ball's is the only British grave from the First World War in this extension, the rest being German. Ball's father also bought the French field where his son had died and erected a memorial stone on the crash site.
1042:, and Major General Sir Hugh Trenchard. Lloyd George wrote that "What he says in one of his letters, 'I hate this game, but it is the only thing one must do just now', represents, I believe, the conviction of those vast armies who, realising what is at stake, have risked all and endured all that liberty may be saved". Haig spoke of Ball's "unrivalled courage" and his "example and incentive to those who have taken up his work". In Trenchard's opinion, Ball had "a wonderfully well-balanced brain, and his loss to the Flying Corps was the greatest loss it could sustain at that time".
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1070:" with "the enthusiasms and all the eager intelligence of that breed" and that these characteristics, coupled with a lack of worldly maturity, were "the ingredients of a perfect killer, where a smooth transition can be made between the motives that drive a boy to 'play hard' at school and then to 'fight hard' against the King's enemies". Biographer Chaz Bowyer considered that "to label Albert Ball a 'killer' would be to do him a grave injustice", as his "sensitive nature suffered in immediate retrospect whenever he succeeded in combat".
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796:, apparently the first service pilot to do so. He was unimpressed, finding the heavier, more stable fighter less responsive to the controls than the Nieuports he was used to. His negative assessment of other aspects of the S.E.'s performance, on the other hand, contrasted markedly with the reactions of fellow pilots who tested the prototype about this time. Ball was to maintain his opinion of the S.E. as a "dud", at least until he had scored several victories on the type after his return to France.
664:"for conspicuous skill and gallantry on many occasions," particularly for "one occasion he attacked six in one flight". This was not unusual; throughout his career, Ball generally attacked on sight and heedless of the odds. He professed no hatred for his opponents, writing to his parents "I only scrap because it is my duty ... Nothing makes me feel more rotten than to see them go down, but you see it is either them or me, so I must do my duty best to make it a case of
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down, flames coming out of the fuselage. He then attacked another of the machines, which had been firing at him, and shot it down into a village, when it landed on the top of a house. He then went to the nearest aerodrome for more ammunition, and, returning, attacked three more machines, causing them to dive under control. Being then short of petrol he came home. His own machine was badly shot about in these fights.
807:, who had not as yet seen combat. He immediately liked Bishop, and may have helped the latter secure a posting to No. 60 Squadron. On 25 March, while off-duty, Ball met 18-year-old Flora Young. He invited her to fly with him, and she accepted, wearing a leather flying coat that they had borrowed. On 5 April, they became engaged; she wore his silver identification wrist bracelet in lieu of an engagement ring.
1056:, noted that Briscoe and Stannard emphasised "the portrait of a boy of energy, pluck, and humility, a loner who placed his skill in the service of his nation, fought—indeed, invited—a personal war, and paid the ultimate sacrifice as a result", and that they "struggle to paste the mask of cheerful boyishness over the signs of the toll taken on him by the stress of air combat and the loss of friends".
883:'s squadron at its airfield at dawn, catching the German pilots off guard. Bishop agreed to take part in the daring scheme at the end of the month, after he returned from his forthcoming leave. That night, in his last letter to his father, Ball wrote "I do get tired of always living to kill, and am really beginning to feel like a murderer. Shall be so pleased when I have finished".
1155:, along with decorations of medals and royal arms. In 1967, the Albert Ball VC Scholarships were instituted at his alma mater, Trent College. A propeller from one of Ball's aircraft and the original cross from his grave in France are displayed at the college's library and chapel, respectively. One of the houses at Nottingham High's Junior School is also named after Ball.
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occasion, observing 12 enemy machines in formation, he dived in among them, and fired a drum into the nearest machine, which went down out of control. Several more hostile machines then approached, and he fired three more drums at them, driving down another out of control. He then returned, crossing the lines at a low altitude, with his machine very much damaged.
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964:, not an S.E.5, which is a biplane. Given the amount of propaganda the German High Command generated touting the younger Richthofen, a high-level decision may have been taken to attribute Ball's death to him. It is probable that Ball was not shot down at all, but had become disoriented and lost control during his final combat, the victim of a form of temporary
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831:, considered to be as close to an elite unit as any established by the RFC. Ball was still first among Britain's aces, and some documents hint that his attachment to No. 56 Squadron was planned to be temporary. According to one account he had been slated to serve with the unit for only a month to mentor novice pilots.
1166:. His Victoria Cross is displayed at the Nottingham Castle Museum along with his other medals and memorabilia, including a bullet-holed Avro windshield, a section of engine piping from one of his damaged Nieuports, his Freedom of Nottingham Scroll and Casket, and various letters and other papers. A portrait study by
395:, and Harriett Mary Page. Albert had two siblings, a brother and a sister. His parents were considered loving and indulgent. In his youth, Ball had a small hut behind the family house where he tinkered with engines and electrical equipment. He was raised with a knowledge of firearms, and conducted target practice in
591:. After his first day of flying with his new unit, he wrote a letter home complaining about fatigue. He was unhappy with the hygiene of his assigned billet in the nearest village, and elected to live in a tent on the flight line. Ball built a hut for himself to replace the tent and cultivated a garden.
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removed, to be replaced with a second Lewis gun fitted to fire downwards through the floor of the cockpit. He also had a slightly larger fuel tank installed. On 9 April, A4850 was refitted, and the downward-firing Lewis gun removed and replaced by the normal
Vickers gun mounting. In a letter to Flora
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that he habitually carried. Three times during
September he scored triple victories in a day, ending the month with his total score standing at 31, making him Britain's top-scoring ace. By this time he had told his commanding officer that he had to have a rest and that he was taking unnecessary risks
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ammunition at an enemy two-seater, but were driven off by a second one. After this inconclusive skirmish, Ball wrote home in one of his many letters, "I like this job, but nerves do not last long, and you soon want a rest". In letters home to his father, he discouraged the idea of his younger brother
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fighter on 2 May; a D.III on 4 May, and two D.IIIs the next day, 5 May. The second of these victims nearly rammed Ball as they shot it out in a head-on firing pass. As they sped past one another, Ball was left temporarily blinded by oil spraying from the holed oil tank of his craft. Clearing the oil
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the same month. Now that Ball had been posted back to
England, he was lionised as a national hero with a reputation as a fearless pilot and expert marksman. A crowd of journalists awaited him on his family's doorstep. In an interview, he mentioned being downed six times in combat. On 18 November, he
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For conspicuous skill and gallantry on many occasions, notably when, after failing to destroy an enemy kite balloon with bombs, he returned for a fresh supply, went back and brought it down in flames. He has done great execution among enemy aeroplanes. On one occasion he attacked six in one flight,
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For conspicuous skill and gallantry. When on escort duty to a bombing raid he saw four enemy machines in formation. He dived on to them and broke up their formation, and then shot down the nearest one, which fell on its nose. He came down to about 500 feet to make certain it was wrecked. On another
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Three days later, on 26 April, Ball scored another double victory, flying S.E.5 no. A4850, and one more on 28 April. This last day's fighting left the S.E.5 so battered by enemy action that it was dismantled and sent away for repair. The following month, despite continual problems with jamming
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news agency reported: "Albert Ball, the star of aviators... has been missing since the 7th May. Is he a prisoner or has he been killed? If he is dead, he died fighting for his forty-fifth victory." It was only at the end of the month that the
Germans dropped messages behind Allied lines announcing
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with fuel when upside down and then stop running. Franz Hailer and his three companions hurried to the crash site. Ball was already dead when they arrived. The four German airmen agreed that the crashed craft had suffered no battle damage. No bullet wounds were found on Ball's body, even though
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after standing duty all night, and his touchdown was rough. When his instructor commented sarcastically on the landing, Ball angrily exclaimed that he had only 15 minutes experience in the plane, and that if this was the best instruction he was going to get, he would rather return to his old unit.
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on 29 October. He was assigned to training recruits, but this rear-echelon role annoyed him. In an attempt to see action, he transferred early the following year to the North
Midlands Cyclist Company, Divisional Mounted Troops, but remained confined to a posting in England. On 24 February 1915, he
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Ball then took leave in
England. His feats in France had received considerable publicity. He was the first British ace to become a household name, and found that his celebrity was such that he could not walk down the streets of Nottingham without being stopped and congratulated. Prior to this the
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For conspicuous gallantry and skill. Observing seven enemy machines in formation, he immediately attacked one of them and shot it down at 15 yards range. The remaining machines retired. Immediately afterwards, seeing five more hostile machines, he attacked one at about 10 yards range and shot it
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Several times his aeroplane was badly damaged, once so seriously that but for the most delicate handling his machine would have collapsed, as nearly all the control wires had been shot away. On returning with a damaged machine he had always to be restrained from immediately going out on another.
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fortunate to survive. The heavier battle damage that Ball's aircraft were now suffering bore witness to the improved team tactics being developed by his German opponents. Some time on 6 May, Ball had visited his friend Billy Bishop at the latter's aerodrome. He proposed that the pair attack the
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on his most recent S.E.5 mount, A8898, Ball had been sporadically flying the
Nieuport again, and was successful with it on 6 May, destroying one more Albatros D.III in an evening flight to raise his tally to 44. He had continued to undertake his habitual lone patrols, but had of late been
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on 23 August. His new commanding officer gave Ball a free rein to fly solo missions, and assigned him his own personal aircraft and maintenance crew. One of the squadron mechanics painted up a non-standard red propeller boss; A201 became the first of a series of Ball's aeroplanes to have such a
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Ball's 20th birthday was marked by his promotion to temporary captain and his return to No. 11 Squadron. He destroyed three Roland C.IIs in one sortie on 22 August 1916, the first RFC pilot to do so. He ended the day by fighting 14 Germans some 15 miles (24 km) behind their lines. With his
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On 23 April 1917, Ball was under strict orders to stay over
British lines, but still engaged the Germans five times in his Nieuport. In his first combat that day, using his preferred belly shot, he sent an Albatros into a spin, following it down and continuing to fire at it until it struck the
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The latest type from the Royal
Aircraft Factory, the S.E.5, had been selected to equip the new squadron. This choice was viewed with some trepidation by the RFC high command, and Ball himself was personally far from happy with the S.E.5. After some intense lobbying he was allowed to retain his
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simultaneously on 26 September 1916. The first award was "for conspicuous gallantry and skill" when he took on two enemy formations. The bar was also "for conspicuous skill and gallantry" when he attacked four enemy aircraft in formation and then, on another occasion, 12 enemy machines. He was
460:, which would give him an outlet for his interest in engineering and possibly help him to see action in France sooner. He paid to undertake pilot training in his own time at the Ruffy-Baumann School, which charged ÂŁ75 to ÂŁ100 for instruction (ÂŁ5,580 to ÂŁ7,440 in 2010 prices).
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For most conspicuous and consistent bravery from the 25th of April to the 6th of May, 1917, during which period Capt. Ball took part in twenty-six combats in the air and destroyed eleven hostile aeroplanes, drove down two out of control, and forced several others to land.
1006:, with large crowds paying tribute as the procession of mourners passed by. Among those attending were Ball's father Albert, Sr. and brother Cyril, now also a pilot in the RFC; his mother Harriett, overwhelmed with grief, was not present. Ball was posthumously promoted to
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In these combats Capt. Ball, flying alone, on one occasion fought six hostile machines, twice he fought five and once four. When leading two other British aeroplanes he attacked an enemy formation of eight. On each of these occasions he brought down at least one enemy.
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from the French government. The following day, he was awarded the Victoria Cross for his "most conspicuous and consistent bravery" in action from 25 April to 6 May 1917. On 10 June 1917, a memorial service was held for Ball in the centre of Nottingham at
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fighter later that month. April 1916 also saw Ball's first mention in a letter home of plans for "a most wonderful machine ... heaps better than the Hun Fokker". It is now generally believed that these "plans" were unconnected with the design of the
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across enemy lines. Dodging an attack by three German fighters, as well as anti-aircraft fire, he landed in a deserted field, only to find that the agent refused to get out of the aircraft. While he was on reconnaissance duties with No. 8 Squadron, the
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in January 1911, at the age of 14. As a student he displayed only average ability, but was able to develop his curiosity for things mechanical. His best subjects were carpentry, modelling, violin and photography. He also served in the
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following him into the RFC. Ball and Villiers tried unsuccessfully to shoot down an enemy observation balloon in their two-seater on 10 April. Ball's burgeoning skills and aggressiveness gained him access to the squadron's single-seat
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observed Ball flying into a dark thundercloud. A German pilot officer on the ground, Lieutenant Hailer, then saw Ball's plane falling upside-down from the bottom of the cloud, at an altitude of 200 feet (61 m), with a dead prop.
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Yesterday a ripping boy had a smash, and when we got up to him he was nearly dead, he had a two-inch piece of wood right through his head and died this morning. If you would like a flight I should be pleased to take you any time you
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Hailer went through Ball's clothing to find identification. Hailer also took Ball to a field hospital. A German doctor subsequently described a broken back and a crushed chest, along with fractured limbs, as the cause of death.
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from his eyes, he flew his S.E.5 home with zero oil pressure in an engine on the brink of seizure. He was so overwrought that it was some time after landing before he could finish thanking God, then dictating his combat report.
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that Ball was dead, and had been buried in Annoeullin with full military honours two days after he crashed. Over the grave of the man they dubbed "the English Richthofen", the Germans erected a cross bearing the inscription
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that has claimed other pilots. Ball's squadron harboured hopes that he was a prisoner of war, and the British government officially listed him as "missing" on 18 May. There was much speculation in the press; in France, the
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Nieuport 17 no. B1522 when the unit went to France; the Nieuport was for his solo missions, and he would fly an S.E.5 on patrols with the rest of the squadron. This arrangement had the personal approval of General
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on reconnaissance missions. He survived being shot down by anti-aircraft fire on 27 March. Three days later, he fought the first of several combats in the B.E.2; he and his observer, Lieutenant S. A. Villiers, fired a
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For conspicuous gallantry in action. He attacked three hostile machines and brought one down, displaying great courage and skill. He has brought down eight hostile machines in a short period, and has forced many others to
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colour scheme. He found that it helped his fellow squadron members identify his aircraft and confirm his combat claims. By end of the month, he had increased his tally to 17 enemy aircraft, including three on 28 August.
359:, which deployed to the Western Front in April 1917. He died when his plane crashed into a field in France on 7 May, sparking a wave of national mourning and posthumous recognition, which included the award of the
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The instructor relented, and Ball then soloed again and landed successfully in five consecutive flights. His rough landing was not the last Ball was involved in; he survived two others. He completed his training at
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bombs. During the month he had written to his parents admonishing them to try and "take it well" if he was killed, "for men tons better than I go in hundreds every day". He again achieved two victories in one
1105:. The monument, which was commissioned by the city council and funded by public subscription, consists of a bronze group on a carved pedestal of Portland stone and granite. The bronze group, by the sculptor
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Ball would wake at 3:00 am to ride his motorcycle to Ruffy-Baumann for flying practice at dawn, before beginning his daily military duty at 6:45 am. His training at Ruffy-Baumann was not unique;
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in Lenton to house the families of local servicemen killed in action. The Lenton War Memorial, located in front of the homes, includes Ball's name and was also paid for by the Ball family. The homes were
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944:. Franz Hailer noted, "It was leaving a cloud of black smoke... caused by oil leaking into the cylinders." The engine had to be inverted for this to happen. The Hispano engine was known to flood its
704:, fitted to the outer struts and designed to fire electrically. He intended to use them on an observation balloon. As it happened, he spotted three German Roland C.IIs and broke their formation by
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stamps marking the 150th anniversary of the award. In 2015, Ball was featured on a ÂŁ5 coin (issued in silver and gold) in a six-coin set commemorating the Centenary of the First World War by the
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Upon return to No. 60 Squadron in France, Ball scored morning and evening victories on 15 September, flying two different Nieuports. On the evening mission, he armed his aircraft with eight
757:. A second bar to the DSO, for taking on three enemy aircraft and shooting one down, followed on 25 November, making him the first three-time recipient of the award. Ball was promoted to the
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of Nottingham. Around this time he met James McCudden, also on leave, who later reported his impressions in most favourable terms. In London, Ball also encountered Canadian pilot
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While flying a Bristol Scout on 16 May 1916, Ball scored his first aerial victory, driving down a German reconnaissance aircraft. He then switched to Nieuports, bringing down two
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on 15 June. His Victoria Cross was presented to his parents by King George V on 22 July 1917. The following year he was awarded a special medal by the Aero Club of America.
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One pilot, Capt. Albert Ball, 20 years of age, has brought down 29 German aeroplanes and one Drachen. Like Nungesser, he destroyed three machines in a single morning.
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Throughout his flying service Ball was primarily a "lone-wolf" pilot, stalking his prey from below until he drew close enough to use his top-wing Lewis gun on its
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Trenchard, with military honours including a flypast by a squadron of RAF aircraft. In 1929 the bronze model for Ball's statue was presented by his father to the
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847:. No. 56 Squadron moved to the Western Front on 7 April 1917. On arrival Ball wrote to his parents, "Cheero, am just about to start the great game again".
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wrote to his parents, "I have just sent five boys to France, and I hear that they will be in the firing line on Monday. It is just my luck to be unable to go."
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A213. He had it rigged to fly tail-heavy to facilitate his changing of ammunition drums in the machine-gun, and had a holster built into the cockpit for the
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In all, Capt. Ball has destroyed forty-three German aeroplanes and one balloon, and has always displayed most exceptional courage, determination and skill.
649:, where he flew B.E.2s from 18 July until 14 August. During this posting, Ball undertook an unusual mission. On the evening of 28 July, he flew a French
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s gardens. Possessed of keen vision, he soon became a crack shot. He was also deeply religious. This did not curb his daring in such boyhood pursuits as
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in England. A French semi-official report of Ball's successes was issued the same day; it was picked up and repeated in the British aviation journal
693:, which had commenced in July, made politic the publicising of its successes in the air. Ball's achievements had a profound impact on budding flyer
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After the war the British discovered Ball's grave, which had been behind enemy lines, in the Annoeullin Cemetery. In December 1918, personnel of
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The Germans credited Richthofen with shooting down Ball, but there is some doubt as to what happened, especially as Richthofen's claim was for a
423:. When Albert left school in December 1913, aged 17, his father helped him gain employment at Universal Engineering Works near the family home.
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guns in the S.E.5s, Ball shot down seven Albatroses in five days, including two reconnaissance models on 1 May, a reconnaissance plane and an
403:; on his 16th birthday, he accompanied a local workman to the top of a tall factory chimney and strolled about unconcerned by the height.
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1109:, shows a life-size figure of Ball with an allegorical female figure at his shoulder. The monument was unveiled on 8 September 1921 by
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aircraft badly damaged and out of fuel, he struggled back to Allied lines to land. He transferred with part of No. 11 Squadron to
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A memorial to Ball, along with his parents, and a sister who died in infancy, appears on the exterior wall of the southwest corner of
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In March 1915, Ball began a short-lived engagement to Dorothy (Dot) Elbourne. In June, he decided to take private flying lessons at
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in Lenton. Another memorial tablet is present inside the same church, mounted on the north wall and bearing the RFC and RAF motto
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British government had suppressed the names of its aces—in contrast to the policy of the French and Germans—but the losses of the
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was learning to fly there at the same time. In letters home Ball recorded that he found flying "great sport", and displayed what
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his rockets at them, then picked off one of the pilots with machine-gun fire. After this he settled into an improved aeroplane,
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on 22 January 1916. A week later, he was officially transferred from the North Midlands Cyclist Company to the RFC as a pilot.
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Young on 18 April, Ball mentioned getting his own hut on the flight line, and installing the members of his flight nearby.
344:, a fighter unit. From then until his return to England on leave in October, he accrued many aerial victories, earning two
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in London, where it is on display. In further remembrance of his son, Albert Ball, Sr. commissioned the building of the
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Inaction chafed Ball, and he began agitating for a return to combat duty. He finally managed to obtain a posting as a
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Ball's death was reported worldwide in the press. He was lauded as the "wonder boy of the Flying Corps" in Britain's
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Ball then requested a few days off but, to his dismay, was temporarily reassigned to aerial reconnaissance duty with
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In 2006, Ball was one of six recipients of the Victoria Cross to be featured on a special commemorative edition of
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Above the Trenches: A Complete Record of the Fighter Aces and Units of the British Empire Air Forces, 1915–1920
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Confirmed victories numbered; unconfirmed victories marked "u/c". Except where noted, data from Shores et al.
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Following the outbreak of the First World War in August 1914, Ball enlisted in the British Army, joining the
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Brothers Franz and Carl Hailer and the other two men in their party were from a German reconnaissance unit,
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S.E.5 no. A4850, fresh from its packing crate, was extensively modified for Ball: in particular he had the
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924:. Ball was last seen by fellow pilots pursuing the red Albatros D.III of the Red Baron's younger brother,
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910:, 11 British aircraft from No. 56 Squadron led by Ball in an S.E.5 encountered German fighters from
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Ball's medals and other memorabilia in Nottingham Castle Museum. From left to right, the medals are:
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erected a new cross in place of the one left by the Germans. The Imperial War Graves Commission (now
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This article is about the First World War flying ace. For his father, Lord Mayor of Nottingham, see
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Gibson; Kingsley Ward. "Victoria Cross and George Cross recipients who died in the war periods".
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Im Luftkampf gefallen fĂĽr sein Vaterland Engl. Flieger-Hauptmann Albert Ball, Royal Flying Corps
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916:. A running dogfight in deteriorating visibility resulted, and the aircraft became scattered.
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forced down two and drove the others off. This occurred several miles over the enemy's lines.
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Instead of returning to combat after his leave, Ball was posted to instructional duties with
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because of his nerves. On 3 October, he was sent on leave, en route to a posting at the
697:, who would become the United Kingdom's top-scoring ace and also receive the Victoria Cross.
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described as "almost brutal" detachment regarding accidents suffered by his fellow trainees:
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during the First World War. At the time of his death he was the United Kingdom's leading
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768:
498:
Although considered an average pilot at best by his instructors, Ball qualified for his
367:
remarked upon hearing of Ball's death that he was "by far the best English flying man".
4360:
4271:
4242:
4213:
4171:
4136:
4113:
4088:
3776:
3747:
3690:
3522:
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3287:
3203:
2923:
2903:
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1167:
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1035:
917:
646:
507:
503:
502:
certificate (no. 1898) on 15 October 1915, and promptly requested transfer to the
441:
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329:
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163:
148:
141:
112:
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952:
5180:
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5116:
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5037:
5018:
4999:
4980:
4961:
4939:
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4900:
4883:
4864:
4845:
4826:
4398:
2570:
1641:
1380:
1199:
1139:
1102:
754:
449:
325:
5113:
The Dream of Civilized Warfare: World War I Flying Aces and the American Imagination
4522:
4491:
2365:
1932:
1447:
1226:
Lt. (temp. Capt.) Albert Ball, D.S.O., M.C., late Notts. and Derby. R., and R.F.C.
1207:
1195:
961:
899:
793:
758:
701:
614:
457:
201:
891:
5233:
5220:
Catalogue record of letters from Albert Ball held at the Nottinghamshire Archives
1635:
1123:
1026:
In 1918, Walter A. Briscoe and H. Russell Stannard released a seminal biography,
983:
844:
635:
595:
499:
392:
257:
192:
598:, angled to fire upwards into the enemy's fuselage. According to fellow ace and
5051:
4758:
2198:
1191:
1183:
1018:
978:("Fallen in air combat for his fatherland English pilot Captain Albert Ball").
945:
867:
661:
656:
618:
603:
599:
531:
360:
349:
333:
310:
306:
289:
271:
237:
225:
5276:
5204:
4953:
4887:
1361:
1045:
In the book proper, Briscoe and Stannard quote Ball's most notable opponent,
560:
551:
415:
294:
1734:
363:
for his actions during his final tour of duty. The famous German flying ace
5184:
4904:
4690:
2792:
815:
804:
713:
694:
387:, a successful businessman who rose from employment as a plumber to become
302:
107:
991:" in South America, and the "super-airman" in France. On 7 June 1917, the
929:
76:
1796:
1499:
1110:
933:
781:
709:
650:
581:
519:
491:
400:
375:
Albert Ball was born on 14 August 1896 at a house on Lenton Boulevard in
340:
in France, he flew reconnaissance missions before being posted in May to
2815:"The Royal Aero Club of the United Kingdom: Official Notices to Members"
5213:
4912:
2481:
1163:
1159:
1059:
874:
While squadron armourers and mechanics repaired the faulty machine-gun
799:
On 19 February 1917, in a tribute from his native city, Ball became an
622:
486:
317:
298:
59:
1178:
740:
671:
555:
379:. After a series of moves throughout the area, his family settled at
282:
233:
39:
5199:
Film of the unveiling of Albert Ball's memorial at Nottingham Castle
4823:
Supreme Courage: Heroic Stories From 150 Years of the Victoria Cross
1078:
2207:
1508:
1393:
1031:
912:
750:
626:
481:
445:
301:, with 44 victories, and remained its fourth-highest scorer behind
5328:
Burials in Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemeteries in France
896:
The Last Fight of Captain Ball, VC, DSO and 2 Bars, MC, 7 May 1917
1982:
1929:
1898:
1588:
1531:
965:
784:, Suffolk. About this time he was debriefed by flying instructor
639:
542:
515:
324:
at the outbreak of the First World War and was commissioned as a
2073:
956:
The original German marker erected at Ball's grave in Annoeullin
2412:
1916:
1805:
1709:
1170:
is in the collection of Nottingham City Museums and Galleries.
631:
5149:———; Franks, Norman; Guest, Russell (1990).
4917:
Aces High: The War in the Air Over the Western Front 1914–1918
1512:
1456:
970:
907:
705:
580:, which operated a mix of fighters including Bristol Scouts,
5293:
Aviators killed in aviation accidents or incidents in France
5244:(BBC, originals at Nottingham Castle Museum and Art Gallery)
4880:
Captain Ball VC: The Career of Flight Commander Ball VC, DSO
4184:
4182:
3879:
442:
Sherwood Foresters (Nottinghamshire and Derbyshire Regiment)
749:
was invested with his Military Cross and both DSOs by King
5343:
Recipients of the Order of St. George of the Fourth Degree
2984:
2982:
920:, a participant in this fight, described it in his memoir
352:. He was the first ace to become a British national hero.
5266:
The Short But Eventful Life of Albert Ball, VC (Ed Dixon)
4763:
4179:
1399:
675:
Nieuport 17, a type flown by Ball in No. 60 Squadron
610:
355:
After a period on home establishment, Ball was posted to
88:
Grave 643, Annœullin Communal Cemetery, German Extension
2979:
995:
announced that he had received the Croix de Chevalier,
16:
Recipient of the Victoria Cross, British WWI flying ace
4496:"War Memorial at Albert Ball Memorial Homes (1246782)"
3947:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I.
3711:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I.
2939:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I.
2871:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I.
2858:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I.
2762:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I.
2660:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I.
1030:, reprinting many of Ball's letters and prefaced with
293:(14 August 1896 – 7 May 1917) was a British
5205:
French school children honour World War I Fighter Ace
5075:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I
4899:. Vol. 1. Fighters. London: Macdonald & Co.
3579:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I
3553:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I
2687:
Albert Ball VC: The Fighter Pilot Hero of World War I
1097:
Memorials to Ball in his native Nottingham include a
5323:
British World War I recipients of the Victoria Cross
4936:
Mick: The Story of Major Edward Mannock, VC, DSO, MC
1064:
Aces High: The War in the Air Over the Western Front
5308:
Royal Flying Corps recipients of the Victoria Cross
4993:
4521:
4490:
1022:
Posthumous portrait of Ball by Edward Newling, 1919
5393:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1917
4686:"Britain's Victoria Cross: 150 years of gallantry"
2772:
2770:
2735:(Supplement). 28 October 1914. pp. 8741–8742.
772:Austin-Ball A.F.B.1 outside Longbridge Works, 1917
5260:King George V presenting Ball's VC to his parents
5148:
5056:Flying Fury: Five Years in the Royal Flying Corps
4878:Briscoe, Walter A.; Stannard, H. Russell (1918).
4754:"Study for 'Captain Albert Ball (1896–1917), VC'"
4350:
2563:Gunby, David (2004). "Ball, Albert (1896–1917)".
332:(RFC) the following year, and gained his pilot's
5313:British military personnel killed in World War I
5274:
3042:
2966:
2964:
2962:
518:. In the first week of December, he soloed in a
482:Military flight training and reconnaissance work
4994:Gibson, T. A. Edwin; Kingsley Ward, G. (1989).
4877:
2767:
5358:People educated at The King's School, Grantham
5216:(school in Annœullin named after Ball in 1999)
5115:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
3716:
3506:(Supplement). 24 November 1916. p. 11531.
3492:
3490:
3465:(Supplement). 26 September 1916. p. 9421.
3442:(Supplement). 26 September 1916. p. 9419.
987:, the "Ace of English Aces" in Portugal, the "
5338:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
5303:British Army recipients of the Victoria Cross
5091:
4378:
4376:
4261:
4232:
4203:
4078:
3766:
3277:
2959:
2907:(Supplement). 11 February 1916. p. 1660.
886:
5248:Royal Flying Corps tunic worn by Albert Ball
4365:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4276:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4247:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4218:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
4126:
4124:
4093:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3781:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3752:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3695:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
3474:
3472:
3292:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2569:. Oxford University Press. pp. 553–55.
819:Ball in the cockpit of his S.E.5, April 1917
5254:Procession for Albert Ball Memorial Service
4998:. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
4626:"Captain Albert Ball VC (at Trent 1911–13)"
4290:
4018:
3737:
3680:
3487:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
2745:
370:
5077:. South Yorkshire: Pen & Sword Press.
4373:
3541:. London: J M Dent & Sons. p. 60.
3526:(Supplement). 2 January 1917. p. 271.
3451:
3449:
3396:"British Air Work – A French Tribute"
2265:28 April 1917 between 1650 and 1745 hours
2241:26 April 1917 between 1920 and 2000 hours
2219:26 April 1917 between 1920 and 2000 hours
1350:Ball's observer/gunner was S. A. Villiers
1126:listed for historic preservation in 1995.
625:by destroying an observation balloon with
571:
406:Ball studied at the Lenton Church School,
5353:People educated at Nottingham High School
5110:
4175:(Supplement). 12 June 1917. p. 5862.
4121:
3469:
3207:(Supplement). 25 July 1916. p. 7435.
2693:
1188:Distinguished Service Order with two bars
810:
5072:
5050:
4817:
4165:
4140:(Supplement). 8 June 1917. p. 5702.
4130:
4117:(Supplement). 1 June 1917. p. 5451.
4107:
3516:
3496:
3455:
3432:
3197:
3102:
2950:
2917:
2897:
2725:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2586:
1177:
1128:
1077:
1017:
951:
890:
814:
767:
670:
485:
5174:
4933:
4552:
3536:
3446:
2566:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2427:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A8898
2424:5 May 1917 between 1830 and 1900 hours
2402:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A8898
2399:5 May 1917 between 1830 and 1900 hours
2380:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A8898
2377:4 May 1917 between 1850 and 2000 hours
2356:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A4855
2334:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A4855
2312:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A8898
2290:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A8898
2268:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A4850
2244:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A4850
2222:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5 s/n A4850
660:announced that he had been awarded the
568:, with which he later became involved.
328:in October 1914. He transferred to the
5275:
5132:British and Empire Aces of World War 1
5129:
4974:
4952:
4858:
4839:
4527:"Albert Ball Memorial Homes (1246781)"
3924:
3428:
3426:
3352:British and Empire Aces of World War 1
2991:British and Empire Aces of World War 1
2538:
2536:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2520:
2511:British and Empire Aces of World War 1
1013:
431:
5298:British Army personnel of World War I
5092:Revell, Alex; Dempsey, Harry (2009).
5031:
4911:
4894:
4305:
3885:
3620:
3193:
3191:
3149:
2583:
2562:
1273:Distinguished Service Order (DSO) Bar
1260:Distinguished Service Order (DSO) Bar
494:, widely used as a trainer in 1915–16
146:North Midlands Cyclist Company (1915)
5036:. Annapolis: Naval Institute Press.
5012:
4585:Holy Trinity and the Priory Churches
4399:"Casualty Details: Ball, Albert"
4150:
4048:
3900:
3605:
3033:
2841:
2684:
1297:
4844:. London: William Kimber & Co.
4746:
3423:
3334:
3012:
2517:
906:On the evening of 7 May 1917, near
13:
5388:Military personnel from Nottingham
5168:
4798:
4783:
4737:
4609:
4532:National Heritage List for England
4501:National Heritage List for England
4422:
4403:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
4382:
4335:
4188:
4063:
4033:
4003:
3988:
3973:
3958:
3930:
3915:
3870:
3855:
3840:
3825:
3810:
3795:
3722:
3665:
3650:
3635:
3590:
3478:
3379:
3364:
3349:
3306:
3262:
3247:
3232:
3217:
3188:
3179:
3164:
3134:
3119:
3093:
3078:
3063:
3048:
3018:
3003:
2988:
2970:
2882:
2776:
2710:
2643:
2628:
2508:
1173:
1092:Commonwealth War Graves Commission
1073:
839:, who went on to become the first
778:No. 34 (Reserve) Squadron RFC
617:on 1 June. On 25 June he became a
576:On 7 May 1916, Ball was posted to
426:
14:
5404:
5192:
5017:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
4897:War Planes of the First World War
4555:"The Parish and Priory of Lenton"
4320:
2953:War Planes of the First World War
2927:. 11 February 1916. p. 1589.
1247:Distinguished Service Order (DSO)
1208:Legion of Honour (Knight's Cross)
537:On 18 February 1916, Ball joined
508:No. 9 (Reserve) Squadron RFC
383:in Lenton Road. His parents were
336:on 26 January 1916. Joining
5373:Recipients of the Military Cross
5363:People educated at Trent College
4792:
4777:
4731:
4710:
4694:. 27 August 2006. Archived from
4678:
4648:
4618:
4603:
4569:
4546:
4515:
4484:
4462:
4431:
4416:
4391:
4344:
4329:
4314:
4299:
2793:"Retail Prices Index comparison"
2039:28 September 1916 c. 1930 hours
2017:28 September 1916 c. 1915 hours
1910:22 September 1916 c. 1700 hours
1886:21 September 1916 c. 1800 hours
1864:21 September 1916 c. 1605 hours
1839:21 September 1916 c. 1600 hours
1644:and his observer died of wounds
448:, he gained his commission as a
38:
5333:Knights of the Legion of Honour
5318:British World War I flying aces
5175:Kiernan, Reginald Hugh (1933).
5111:Robertson, Linda Raine (2003).
4632:. Trent College. Archived from
4284:
4255:
4226:
4197:
4159:
4144:
4101:
4072:
4057:
4042:
4027:
4012:
3997:
3982:
3967:
3952:
3939:
3909:
3894:
3864:
3849:
3834:
3819:
3804:
3789:
3760:
3731:
3703:
3674:
3659:
3644:
3629:
3614:
3599:
3584:
3571:
3558:
3545:
3530:
3510:
3388:
3373:
3358:
3343:
3328:
3315:
3300:
3271:
3256:
3241:
3226:
3211:
3173:
3158:
3143:
3128:
3087:
3072:
3057:
3027:
2997:
2944:
2931:
2911:
2891:
2876:
2863:
2850:
2835:
2807:
2785:
2754:
2739:
2719:
2203:Set afire in midair; destroyed
2110:30 September 1916 @ 1845 hours
2086:30 September 1916 @ 1830 hours
2070:Set afire in midair; destroyed
2061:30 September 1916 @ 1055 hours
1995:28 September 1916 @ 1745 hours
1978:Set afire in midair; destroyed
1966:25 September 1916 @ 1830 hours
1951:Set afire in midair; destroyed
1942:23 September 1916 @ 1800 hours
1817:15 September 1916 @ 1900 hours
1790:15 September 1916 @ 0955 hours
1622:22 August 1916 @ c. 1945 hours
1609:Set afire in midair; destroyed
5368:People from Lenton, Nottingham
5034:The British Fighter Since 1912
4975:——— (2007).
4863:. London: Crecy Publications.
4859:——— (2004).
4718:"Five Pounds 2015 Albert Ball"
4439:"Memorial to Capt. Ball, V.C."
4308:The Dream of Civilised Warfare
3888:The Dream of Civilised Warfare
3623:The Dream of Civilised Warfare
3539:Off the Cuff: An Autobiography
3323:The Dream of Civilised Warfare
3152:The Dream of Civilised Warfare
2678:
2665:
2652:
2637:
2622:
2502:
2359:Albatros reconnaissance plane
2315:Albatros reconnaissance plane
2293:Albatros reconnaissance plane
2271:Albatros reconnaissance plane
2067:Albatros reconnaissance plane
2045:Albatros reconnaissance plane
2023:Albatros reconnaissance plane
2001:Albatros reconnaissance plane
1054:The Dream of Civilised Warfare
530:, Upavon, and was awarded his
510:on 23 October, and trained at
1:
4960:. Oxford: Osprey Publishing.
4811:
2608:The Lenton Listener, Issue 14
2471:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5
1696:28 August 1916 c. 1900 hours
1600:22 August 1916 c. 1930 hours
1575:22 August 1916 c. 1900 hours
1411:Last seen in a vertical dive
1338:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c
1135:Statue of Captain Albert Ball
928:, who eventually landed near
730:
642:to bring his score to seven.
586:Royal Aircraft Factory F.E.2b
547:Royal Aircraft Factory B.E.2c
545:in France, flying a two-seat
5130:Shores, Christopher (2001).
4958:Nieuport Aces of World War 1
4581:History of the Lenton Parish
4450:(37): 621. 15 September 1921
3167:Nieuport Aces of World War 1
3051:Nieuport Aces of World War 1
2973:Nieuport Aces of World War 1
2467:
2464:
2445:
2442:
2423:
2420:
2398:
2395:
2376:
2373:
2352:
2349:
2330:
2327:
2308:
2305:
2286:
2283:
2264:
2261:
2240:
2237:
2218:
2215:
2193:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5
2188:
2185:
2169:
2166:
2150:
2147:
2131:
2128:
2116:Roland reconnaissance plane
2109:
2106:
2092:Roland reconnaissance plane
2085:
2082:
2060:
2057:
2038:
2035:
2016:
2013:
1994:
1991:
1965:
1962:
1941:
1938:
1909:
1906:
1885:
1882:
1863:
1860:
1838:
1835:
1816:
1813:
1789:
1786:
1768:31 August 1916 @ 1830 hours
1767:
1764:
1746:31 August 1916 @ 1830 hours
1745:
1742:
1727:German reconnaissance plane
1721:28 August 1916 @ 1900 hours
1720:
1717:
1695:
1692:
1674:28 August 1916 @ 0700 hours
1673:
1670:
1652:25 August 1916 @ 1100 hours
1651:
1648:
1621:
1618:
1599:
1596:
1574:
1571:
1550:16 August 1916 @ 0910 hours
1549:
1546:
1524:
1521:
1492:
1489:
1468:
1465:
1440:
1437:
1418:
1415:
1389:
1386:
1357:
1354:
1342:German reconnaissance plane
1333:
1330:
932:with a punctured fuel tank.
790:Royal Aircraft Factory S.E.5
438:2/7th (Robin Hood) Battalion
346:Distinguished Service Orders
7:
5383:Sherwood Foresters officers
5378:Royal Flying Corps officers
4882:. London: Herbert Jenkins.
4472:. National Portrait Gallery
2318:Driven down out of control
2189:23 April 1917 @ 1145 hours
2119:Driven down out of control
2095:Driven down out of control
1661:Driven down out of control
1405:Driven down out of control
1373:Driven down out of control
1304:
737:Distinguished Service Order
634:on 2 July, shooting down a
408:The King's School, Grantham
230:Distinguished Service Order
10:
5409:
5032:Mason, Francis K. (1977).
5015:The Royal Aircraft Factory
4977:SE5/5a Aces of World War 1
4934:Dudgeon, James M. (1981).
4553:Ginever, Edwin D. (1930).
3566:The Royal Aircraft Factory
3408:(41): 890. 12 October 1916
3021:SE5/5a Aces of World War 1
2099:Graincourt-lès-Havrincourt
1469:25 June 1916 @ 1600 hours
1119:Albert Ball Memorial Homes
1066:, found Ball the "perfect
1052:Linda Raine Robertson, in
887:Final flight and aftermath
735:Ball had been awarded the
506:(RFC). He was seconded to
18:
5232:29 September 2021 at the
5179:. London: John Hamilton.
4825:. London: Little, Brown.
4557:. Nottinghamshire History
2007:Southeast of Saint-LĂ©ger
1829:Northeast of Bertincourt
1525:2 July 1916 @ 1800 hours
1493:2 July 1916 @ 1730 hours
1441:1 June 1916 @ 1010 hours
1425:LVG reconnaissance plane
1419:29 May 1916 @ 0830 hours
1390:29 May 1916 @ 0800 hours
1358:16 May 1916 @ 0845 hours
1115:National Portrait Gallery
253:
221:
185:
137:
127:
119:
101:
93:
83:
66:
46:
37:
30:
5073:Pengelly, Colin (2010).
3537:Gribble, Philip (1964).
3008:. pp. 64–65, 88–89.
2823:: 1017. 14 December 1915
2610:. September–October 1981
2495:
2489:shot down but unwounded
2446:6 May 1917 @ 1930 hours
2353:2 May 1917 @ 0810 hours
2331:2 May 1917 @ 0740 hours
2309:1 May 1917 @ 1950 hours
2287:1 May 1917 @ 1700 hours
1987:Pilot WIA, observer KIA
829:No. 56 Squadron RFC
682:No. 60 Squadron RFC
539:No. 13 Squadron RFC
421:Officers' Training Corps
389:Lord Mayor of Nottingham
371:Early life and education
338:No. 13 Squadron RFC
179:No. 56 Squadron RFC
21:Albert Ball (politician)
5238:Captain Albert Ball, VC
5222:(The National Archives)
5153:. London: Grub Street.
4938:. London: Robert Hale.
4842:For Valour: The Air VCs
4803:. pp. 209–10, 219.
4427:. pp. 227–28, 235.
4038:. pp. 212–14, 222.
3800:. pp. 153–55, 166.
3098:. pp. 163, 177–79.
2975:. pp. 9–11, 28–29.
572:Initial fighter posting
414:before transferring to
5207:(Victoriacross.org.uk)
5013:Hare, Paul R. (1990).
4660:Nottingham High School
1295:
1282:
1269:
1256:
1243:
1215:
1142:
1083:
1047:Manfred von Richthofen
1023:
957:
942:Flieger-Abteilung A292
903:
841:Chief of the Air Staff
820:
811:Second fighter posting
773:
676:
495:
490:Ball with an obsolete
479:
412:Nottingham High School
365:Manfred von Richthofen
5250:(Imperial War Museum)
5058:. London: Greenhill.
4895:Bruce, J. M. (1965).
4840:Bowyer, Chaz (1978).
4819:Billière, Peter de la
4577:"Windows and tablets"
2487:Lothar von Richthofen
2321:Southwest of Cambrai
2248:Siemens-Schuckert D.I
2231:Northeast of Cambrai
2051:Northeast of Bapaume
1975:reconnaissance plane
1780:Southeast of Bapaume
1758:Southeast of Bapaume
1686:Southeast of Bapaume
1534:reconnaissance plane
1402:reconnaissance plane
1370:reconnaissance plane
1290:
1277:
1264:
1251:
1224:
1181:
1132:
1081:
1021:
955:
926:Lothar von Richthofen
894:
818:
771:
714:Colt automatic pistol
674:
528:Central Flying School
489:
474:
120:Years of service
4630:Old Tridents of Note
4310:. pp. 248, 264.
3651:Shores; et al.
3595:. pp. 146, 149.
3384:. pp. 125, 136.
3120:Shores; et al.
1204:Allied Victory Medal
1088:No. 207 Squadron RAF
1082:Grave of Albert Ball
765:on 8 December 1916.
744:awarded the Russian
578:No. 11 Squadron
470:Peter de la Billière
391:, and who was later
357:No. 56 Squadron
342:No. 11 Squadron
5214:Collège Albert Ball
5177:Captain Albert Ball
4919:. London: Cassell.
4291:Briscoe; Stannard.
4262:Briscoe; Stannard.
4233:Briscoe; Stannard.
4204:Briscoe; Stannard.
4079:Briscoe; Stannard.
4019:Briscoe; Stannard.
3767:Briscoe; Stannard.
3278:Briscoe; Stannard.
3068:. pp. 65, 113.
2746:Briscoe; Stannard.
2449:Nieuport s/n B1522
1476:Observation balloon
1364:serial number 5312
1286:Military Cross (MC)
1147:Holy Trinity Church
1099:monument and statue
1014:Posthumous tributes
855:Vickers machine gun
746:Order of St. George
691:Battle of the Somme
647:No. 8 Squadron
566:Austin-Ball A.F.B.1
444:. Soon promoted to
432:Initial war service
316:Born and raised in
247:Order of St. George
174:No. 34 Squadron RFC
169:No. 60 Squadron RFC
159:No. 11 Squadron RFC
154:No. 13 Squadron RFC
5262:(Picture the Past)
5256:(Picture the Past)
5134:. Oxford: Osprey.
5096:. Oxford: Osprey.
4996:Courage Remembered
4979:. Oxford: Osprey.
4742:. pp. 269–70.
4666:on 12 October 2013
4614:. pp. 228–29.
4387:. pp. 227–28.
4353:Courage Remembered
4208:. pp. vii–xi.
4172:The London Gazette
4137:The London Gazette
4114:The London Gazette
4083:. pp. 306–09.
3978:. pp. 215–18.
3963:. pp. 211–12.
3935:. pp. 208–10.
3920:. pp. 196–98.
3890:. pp. 254–56.
3875:. pp. 181–82.
3860:. pp. 190–91.
3845:. pp. 172–74.
3830:. pp. 169–70.
3653:Above the Trenches
3640:. pp. 156–57.
3625:. pp. 252–53.
3581:. pp. 141–44.
3555:. pp. 209–16.
3523:The London Gazette
3503:The London Gazette
3462:The London Gazette
3439:The London Gazette
3369:. pp. 121–22.
3311:. pp. 107–09.
3204:The London Gazette
3154:. pp. 245–46.
3122:Above the Trenches
2924:The London Gazette
2904:The London Gazette
2732:The London Gazette
2715:. pp. 100–05.
2113:Nieuport s/n A213
2089:Nieuport s/n A213
2064:Nieuport s/n A201
2042:Nieuport s/n A213
2020:Nieuport s/n A213
1998:Nieuport s/n A213
1969:Nieuport s/n A213
1945:Nieuport s/n A213
1913:Nieuport s/n A213
1889:Nieuport s/n A213
1867:Nieuport s/n A213
1842:Nieuport s/n A213
1820:Nieuport s/n A212
1793:Nieuport s/n A200
1771:Nieuport s/n A201
1749:Nieuport s/n A201
1724:Nieuport s/n A201
1699:Nieuport s/n A201
1677:Nieuport s/n A201
1655:Nieuport s/n A201
1625:Nieuport s/n A201
1528:Nieuport s/n A134
1496:Nieuport s/n A134
1472:Nieuport s/n 5173
1444:Nieuport s/n 5173
1422:Nieuport s/n 5173
1376:Givenchy-Beaumont
1216:
1212:Order of St George
1168:Noel Denholm Davis
1152:Per Ardua ad Astra
1143:
1138:in the grounds of
1101:in the grounds of
1084:
1036:David Lloyd George
1034:by Prime Minister
1024:
958:
922:Sagittarius Rising
918:Cecil Arthur Lewis
904:
821:
774:
719:Home Establishment
677:
504:Royal Flying Corps
496:
377:Lenton, Nottingham
330:Royal Flying Corps
322:Sherwood Foresters
320:, Ball joined the
164:No. 8 Squadron RFC
149:No. 9 Squadron RFC
142:Sherwood Foresters
113:Royal Flying Corps
5103:978-1-84603-428-2
5094:No 56 Sqn RAF/RFC
5084:978-1-84415-904-8
4986:978-1-84603-180-9
4870:978-0-947554-89-7
4788:. pp. 56–57.
4698:on 4 October 2013
4636:on 5 October 2013
3740:No 56 Sqn RAF/RFC
3738:Revell; Dempsey.
3683:No 56 Sqn RAF/RFC
3681:Revell; Dempsey.
3354:. pp. 42–43.
3339:. pp. 52–53.
3237:. pp. 93–95.
3222:. pp. 87–88.
3184:. pp. 83–84.
3139:. pp. 71–72.
3124:. pp. 59–60.
2993:. pp. 62–63.
2887:. pp. 45–47.
2846:. pp. 95–96.
2795:. Measuring Worth
2781:. pp. 35–36.
2764:pp. 24–27, 30–31.
2750:. pp. 36–37.
2689:. pp. 15–19.
2633:. pp. 19–21.
2604:"Albert Ball V.C"
2493:
2492:
1854:North of Bapaume
1540:Vicinity of Lens
1381:wounded in action
1298:List of victories
1200:British War Medal
1140:Nottingham Castle
1103:Nottingham Castle
755:Buckingham Palace
727:nine days later.
702:Le Prieur rockets
450:second lieutenant
326:second lieutenant
264:
263:
5400:
5348:English aviators
5212:
5188:
5164:
5145:
5126:
5107:
5088:
5069:
5047:
5028:
5009:
4990:
4971:
4949:
4930:
4908:
4891:
4874:
4855:
4836:
4805:
4804:
4796:
4790:
4789:
4781:
4775:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4750:
4744:
4743:
4735:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4703:
4682:
4676:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4662:. Archived from
4652:
4646:
4645:
4643:
4641:
4622:
4616:
4615:
4607:
4601:
4600:
4598:
4596:
4591:on 25 April 2012
4587:. Archived from
4573:
4567:
4566:
4564:
4562:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4523:Historic England
4519:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4508:
4492:Historic England
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4477:
4466:
4460:
4459:
4457:
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4435:
4429:
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4055:
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4046:
4040:
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4025:
4024:
4016:
4010:
4009:
4001:
3995:
3994:
3986:
3980:
3979:
3971:
3965:
3964:
3956:
3950:
3949:pp. 196–97.
3943:
3937:
3936:
3928:
3922:
3921:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3898:
3892:
3891:
3883:
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3808:
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3648:
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3596:
3588:
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3534:
3528:
3527:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3494:
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3484:
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3466:
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3443:
3430:
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3392:
3386:
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3304:
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3291:
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3141:
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3117:
3100:
3099:
3091:
3085:
3084:
3076:
3070:
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3055:
3054:
3046:
3040:
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3031:
3025:
3024:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3001:
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2986:
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2804:
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2635:
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2626:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2615:
2600:
2581:
2580:
2560:
2515:
2514:
2506:
2255:East of Cambrai
1928:Winard Grafe of
1925:East of Bapaume
1448:Fokker Eindecker
1379:German observer
1305:
1068:public schoolboy
1040:Sir Douglas Haig
1038:, Field Marshal
1004:St Mary's Church
998:Legion d'Honneur
962:Sopwith Triplane
825:flight commander
801:Honorary Freeman
759:substantive rank
615:Fokker Eindecker
613:on 29 May and a
458:Hendon Aerodrome
292:
287:
276:
242:LĂ©gion d'honneur
206:
103:
73:
56:
54:
42:
28:
27:
5408:
5407:
5403:
5402:
5401:
5399:
5398:
5397:
5273:
5272:
5234:Wayback Machine
5227:Albert Ball, JP
5210:
5201:(British Pathé)
5195:
5171:
5169:Further reading
5161:
5142:
5123:
5104:
5085:
5066:
5052:McCudden, James
5044:
5025:
5006:
4987:
4968:
4946:
4927:
4871:
4852:
4833:
4814:
4809:
4808:
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4407:
4405:
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4381:
4374:
4358:
4357:
4349:
4345:
4334:
4330:
4319:
4315:
4304:
4300:
4293:Captain Ball VC
4289:
4285:
4269:
4268:
4264:Captain Ball VC
4260:
4256:
4240:
4239:
4235:Captain Ball VC
4231:
4227:
4211:
4210:
4206:Captain Ball VC
4202:
4198:
4187:
4180:
4164:
4160:
4153:Supreme Courage
4149:
4145:
4129:
4122:
4106:
4102:
4086:
4085:
4081:Captain Ball VC
4077:
4073:
4062:
4058:
4051:Supreme Courage
4047:
4043:
4032:
4028:
4021:Captain Ball VC
4017:
4013:
4002:
3998:
3987:
3983:
3972:
3968:
3957:
3953:
3944:
3940:
3929:
3925:
3914:
3910:
3903:Supreme Courage
3899:
3895:
3884:
3880:
3869:
3865:
3854:
3850:
3839:
3835:
3824:
3820:
3809:
3805:
3794:
3790:
3774:
3773:
3769:Captain Ball VC
3765:
3761:
3745:
3744:
3736:
3732:
3721:
3717:
3708:
3704:
3688:
3687:
3679:
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3454:
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3431:
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3409:
3394:
3393:
3389:
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3374:
3363:
3359:
3348:
3344:
3333:
3329:
3320:
3316:
3305:
3301:
3285:
3284:
3280:Captain Ball VC
3276:
3272:
3261:
3257:
3246:
3242:
3231:
3227:
3216:
3212:
3196:
3189:
3178:
3174:
3169:. pp. 6–7.
3163:
3159:
3148:
3144:
3133:
3129:
3118:
3103:
3092:
3088:
3077:
3073:
3062:
3058:
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3028:
3017:
3013:
3002:
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2932:
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2896:
2892:
2881:
2877:
2868:
2864:
2855:
2851:
2844:Supreme Courage
2840:
2836:
2826:
2824:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2798:
2796:
2791:
2790:
2786:
2775:
2768:
2759:
2755:
2748:Captain Ball VC
2744:
2740:
2724:
2720:
2709:
2694:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2666:
2657:
2653:
2642:
2638:
2627:
2623:
2613:
2611:
2602:
2601:
2584:
2577:
2561:
2518:
2507:
2503:
2498:
2477:Forced to land
2474:Albatros D.III
2452:Albatros D.III
2430:Albatros D.III
2405:Albatros D.III
2383:Albatros D.III
2337:Albatros D.III
2225:Albatros D.III
2177:Forced to land
2170:1 October 1916
2158:Forced to land
2151:1 October 1916
2139:Forced to land
2132:1 October 1916
2078:Shared victory
2048:Forced to land
2026:Forced to land
1870:Roland fighter
1851:Forced to land
1777:Forced to land
1730:Forced to land
1683:Forced to land
1664:South of Arras
1640:Wilhelm Cymera
1559:Forced to land
1455:A mile west of
1452:Forced to land
1428:Forced to land
1300:
1176:
1174:Award citations
1076:
1074:Post-war legacy
1028:Captain Ball VC
1016:
984:Weekly Dispatch
889:
845:Royal Air Force
813:
733:
651:espionage agent
596:Foster mounting
574:
520:Maurice Farman
514:aerodrome near
512:Mousehold Heath
500:Royal Aero Club
484:
434:
429:
427:First World War
373:
285:
274:
270:
258:Sir Albert Ball
245:
240:
236:
228:
217:
202:
193:First World War
177:
172:
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5263:
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5251:
5245:
5223:
5217:
5208:
5202:
5194:
5193:External links
5191:
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5166:
5165:
5159:
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5140:
5127:
5121:
5108:
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4966:
4954:Franks, Norman
4950:
4944:
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4925:
4909:
4892:
4875:
4869:
4861:Albert Ball VC
4856:
4850:
4837:
4831:
4813:
4810:
4807:
4806:
4801:Albert Ball VC
4791:
4786:Albert Ball VC
4776:
4759:Your Paintings
4745:
4740:Albert Ball VC
4730:
4709:
4677:
4656:"Ball's House"
4647:
4617:
4612:Albert Ball VC
4602:
4568:
4545:
4514:
4483:
4461:
4430:
4425:Albert Ball VC
4415:
4390:
4385:Albert Ball VC
4372:
4355:. p. 173.
4343:
4340:. p. 220.
4338:Albert Ball VC
4328:
4325:. p. 107.
4313:
4298:
4283:
4254:
4237:. p. 292.
4225:
4196:
4193:. p. 269.
4191:Albert Ball VC
4178:
4158:
4155:. p. 119.
4143:
4120:
4100:
4071:
4068:. p. 219.
4066:Albert Ball VC
4056:
4053:. p. 117.
4041:
4036:Albert Ball VC
4026:
4023:. p. 282.
4011:
4008:. p. 222.
4006:Albert Ball VC
3996:
3993:. p. 221.
3991:Albert Ball VC
3981:
3976:Albert Ball VC
3966:
3961:Albert Ball VC
3951:
3938:
3933:Albert Ball VC
3923:
3918:Albert Ball VC
3908:
3905:. p. 113.
3893:
3878:
3873:Albert Ball VC
3863:
3858:Albert Ball VC
3848:
3843:Albert Ball VC
3833:
3828:Albert Ball VC
3818:
3815:. p. 167.
3813:Albert Ball VC
3803:
3798:Albert Ball VC
3788:
3771:. p. 235.
3759:
3730:
3727:. p. 166.
3725:Albert Ball VC
3715:
3702:
3673:
3670:. p. 176.
3668:Albert Ball VC
3658:
3643:
3638:Albert Ball VC
3628:
3613:
3610:. p. 133.
3598:
3593:Albert Ball VC
3583:
3570:
3557:
3544:
3529:
3509:
3486:
3483:. p. 140.
3481:Albert Ball VC
3468:
3445:
3422:
3387:
3382:Albert Ball VC
3372:
3367:Albert Ball VC
3357:
3342:
3327:
3314:
3309:Albert Ball VC
3299:
3282:. p. 223.
3270:
3267:. p. 112.
3265:Albert Ball VC
3255:
3250:Albert Ball VC
3240:
3235:Albert Ball VC
3225:
3220:Albert Ball VC
3210:
3187:
3182:Albert Ball VC
3172:
3157:
3142:
3137:Albert Ball VC
3127:
3101:
3096:Albert Ball VC
3086:
3083:. p. 155.
3081:Albert Ball VC
3071:
3066:Albert Ball VC
3056:
3041:
3038:. p. 168.
3026:
3011:
3006:Albert Ball VC
2996:
2978:
2958:
2943:
2930:
2910:
2890:
2885:Albert Ball VC
2875:
2862:
2849:
2834:
2806:
2784:
2779:Albert Ball VC
2766:
2753:
2738:
2718:
2692:
2677:
2673:Albert Ball VC
2664:
2651:
2648:. p. 159.
2646:Albert Ball VC
2636:
2631:Albert Ball VC
2621:
2582:
2575:
2516:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2466:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2418:
2417:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2316:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2281:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2226:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2204:
2201:
2199:Albatros D.III
2196:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2068:
2065:
2062:
2059:
2055:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2011:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1989:
1988:
1985:
1979:
1976:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1936:
1935:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1811:
1810:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1638:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1603:Nieuport A201
1601:
1598:
1594:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1582:
1579:
1578:Nieuport A201
1576:
1573:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1553:Nieuport A201
1551:
1548:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1487:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1453:
1450:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1335:
1334:29 March 1916
1332:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1299:
1296:
1289:
1288:
1276:
1275:
1263:
1262:
1250:
1249:
1223:
1222:
1220:Victoria Cross
1192:Military Cross
1184:Victoria Cross
1175:
1172:
1075:
1072:
1015:
1012:
993:London Gazette
946:inlet manifold
888:
885:
868:Albatros D.III
837:Hugh Trenchard
812:
809:
786:Philip Gribble
732:
729:
662:Military Cross
657:London Gazette
619:balloon buster
604:James McCudden
600:Victoria Cross
573:
570:
554:and a half of
483:
480:
433:
430:
428:
425:
401:steeplejacking
372:
369:
361:Victoria Cross
350:Military Cross
311:George McElroy
307:James McCudden
303:Edward Mannock
262:
261:
255:
251:
250:
238:Military Cross
226:Victoria Cross
223:
219:
218:
216:
215:
214:
213:
208:
189:
187:
183:
182:
139:
135:
134:
129:
125:
124:
121:
117:
116:
105:
99:
98:
97:United Kingdom
95:
91:
90:
87:
85:
81:
80:
74:(aged 20)
68:
64:
63:
57:14 August 1896
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5405:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5280:
5278:
5271:
5267:
5264:
5261:
5258:
5255:
5252:
5249:
5246:
5243:
5239:
5235:
5231:
5228:
5225:Paintings of
5224:
5221:
5218:
5215:
5209:
5206:
5203:
5200:
5197:
5196:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5173:
5172:
5162:
5160:0-948817-19-4
5156:
5152:
5147:
5143:
5141:1-84176-377-2
5137:
5133:
5128:
5124:
5122:0-8166-4270-2
5118:
5114:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5095:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5076:
5071:
5067:
5065:1-85367-406-0
5061:
5057:
5053:
5049:
5045:
5043:1-55750-082-7
5039:
5035:
5030:
5026:
5024:0-85177-843-7
5020:
5016:
5011:
5007:
5005:0-11-772608-7
5001:
4997:
4992:
4988:
4982:
4978:
4973:
4969:
4967:1-85532-961-1
4963:
4959:
4955:
4951:
4947:
4945:0-7091-9143-X
4941:
4937:
4932:
4928:
4926:0-304-35225-X
4922:
4918:
4914:
4910:
4906:
4902:
4898:
4893:
4889:
4885:
4881:
4876:
4872:
4866:
4862:
4857:
4853:
4851:0-7183-0425-X
4847:
4843:
4838:
4834:
4832:0-316-72591-9
4828:
4824:
4820:
4816:
4815:
4802:
4795:
4787:
4780:
4765:
4761:
4760:
4755:
4749:
4741:
4734:
4719:
4713:
4697:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4665:
4661:
4657:
4651:
4635:
4631:
4627:
4621:
4613:
4606:
4590:
4586:
4582:
4578:
4572:
4556:
4549:
4534:
4533:
4528:
4524:
4518:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4487:
4471:
4470:"Albert Ball"
4465:
4449:
4445:
4444:
4440:
4434:
4426:
4419:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4386:
4379:
4377:
4368:
4362:
4354:
4347:
4339:
4332:
4324:
4317:
4309:
4302:
4295:. p. 23.
4294:
4287:
4279:
4273:
4266:. p. 34.
4265:
4258:
4250:
4244:
4236:
4229:
4221:
4215:
4207:
4200:
4192:
4185:
4183:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4162:
4154:
4147:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4125:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4096:
4090:
4082:
4075:
4067:
4060:
4052:
4045:
4037:
4030:
4022:
4015:
4007:
4000:
3992:
3985:
3977:
3970:
3962:
3955:
3948:
3942:
3934:
3927:
3919:
3912:
3904:
3897:
3889:
3882:
3874:
3867:
3859:
3852:
3844:
3837:
3829:
3822:
3814:
3807:
3799:
3792:
3784:
3778:
3770:
3763:
3755:
3749:
3742:. p. 14.
3741:
3734:
3726:
3719:
3713:, pp. 143–45.
3712:
3706:
3698:
3692:
3684:
3677:
3669:
3662:
3655:. p. 36.
3654:
3647:
3639:
3632:
3624:
3617:
3609:
3602:
3594:
3587:
3580:
3574:
3567:
3561:
3554:
3548:
3540:
3533:
3525:
3524:
3519:
3513:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3493:
3491:
3482:
3475:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3458:
3452:
3450:
3441:
3440:
3435:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3407:
3403:
3402:
3397:
3391:
3383:
3376:
3368:
3361:
3353:
3346:
3338:
3331:
3324:
3318:
3310:
3303:
3295:
3289:
3281:
3274:
3266:
3259:
3252:. p. 97.
3251:
3244:
3236:
3229:
3221:
3214:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3192:
3183:
3176:
3168:
3161:
3153:
3146:
3138:
3131:
3123:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3097:
3090:
3082:
3075:
3067:
3060:
3053:. p. 12.
3052:
3045:
3037:
3030:
3022:
3015:
3007:
3000:
2992:
2985:
2983:
2974:
2967:
2965:
2963:
2955:. p. 23.
2954:
2951:Bruce, J. M.
2947:
2940:
2934:
2926:
2925:
2920:
2914:
2906:
2905:
2900:
2894:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2866:
2859:
2853:
2845:
2838:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2810:
2794:
2788:
2780:
2773:
2771:
2763:
2757:
2749:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2714:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2688:
2681:
2674:
2668:
2661:
2655:
2647:
2640:
2632:
2625:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2597:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2587:
2578:
2576:0-19-861353-9
2572:
2568:
2567:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2537:
2535:
2533:
2531:
2529:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2521:
2513:. p. 89.
2512:
2505:
2501:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2224:
2221:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2194:
2191:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2056:
2053:
2050:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1927:
1924:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1726:
1723:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1647:
1643:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:Southeast of
1561:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1414:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1385:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:Bristol Scout
1360:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1345:Inconclusive
1344:
1341:
1339:
1336:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1294:
1287:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1180:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1148:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1080:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1055:
1050:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
989:heroe aviador
986:
985:
979:
977:
972:
967:
963:
954:
950:
947:
943:
938:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
914:
913:Jasta 11
909:
901:
900:Norman Arnold
897:
893:
884:
882:
877:
872:
869:
863:
859:
856:
853:
848:
846:
842:
838:
832:
830:
826:
817:
808:
806:
802:
797:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
770:
766:
764:
760:
756:
752:
751:George V
747:
742:
738:
728:
726:
725:
720:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
696:
692:
686:
683:
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
658:
652:
648:
643:
641:
637:
633:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
607:
605:
601:
597:
592:
590:
587:
583:
579:
569:
567:
562:
561:Bristol Scout
557:
553:
548:
544:
540:
535:
533:
529:
524:
523:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
493:
488:
478:
473:
471:
467:
461:
459:
454:
451:
447:
443:
439:
424:
422:
417:
416:Trent College
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
368:
366:
362:
358:
353:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
314:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
295:fighter pilot
291:
284:
280:
273:
268:
259:
256:
252:
248:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
220:
212:
209:
207:
205:
199:
198:Western Front
196:
195:
194:
191:
190:
188:
184:
180:
175:
170:
165:
161:(1916, twice)
160:
155:
150:
143:
140:
136:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
106:
100:
96:
92:
86:
82:
78:
69:
65:
61:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
5270:
5176:
5150:
5131:
5112:
5093:
5074:
5055:
5033:
5014:
4995:
4976:
4957:
4935:
4916:
4896:
4879:
4860:
4841:
4822:
4800:
4794:
4785:
4779:
4767:. Retrieved
4757:
4748:
4739:
4733:
4721:. Retrieved
4712:
4700:. Retrieved
4696:the original
4691:Sun-Sentinel
4689:
4680:
4670:22 September
4668:. Retrieved
4664:the original
4650:
4638:. Retrieved
4634:the original
4629:
4620:
4611:
4605:
4593:. Retrieved
4589:the original
4580:
4571:
4559:. Retrieved
4548:
4536:. Retrieved
4530:
4517:
4505:. Retrieved
4499:
4486:
4474:. Retrieved
4464:
4452:. Retrieved
4447:
4441:
4433:
4424:
4418:
4406:. Retrieved
4393:
4384:
4352:
4346:
4337:
4331:
4322:
4316:
4307:
4301:
4292:
4286:
4263:
4257:
4234:
4228:
4205:
4199:
4190:
4170:
4161:
4152:
4146:
4135:
4112:
4103:
4080:
4074:
4065:
4059:
4050:
4044:
4035:
4029:
4020:
4014:
4005:
3999:
3990:
3984:
3975:
3969:
3960:
3954:
3946:
3941:
3932:
3926:
3917:
3911:
3902:
3896:
3887:
3881:
3872:
3866:
3857:
3851:
3842:
3836:
3827:
3821:
3812:
3806:
3797:
3791:
3768:
3762:
3739:
3733:
3724:
3718:
3710:
3705:
3685:. p. 9.
3682:
3676:
3667:
3661:
3652:
3646:
3637:
3631:
3622:
3616:
3607:
3601:
3592:
3586:
3578:
3573:
3565:
3560:
3552:
3547:
3538:
3532:
3521:
3512:
3501:
3480:
3460:
3437:
3417:
3410:. Retrieved
3405:
3399:
3390:
3381:
3375:
3366:
3360:
3351:
3345:
3336:
3330:
3322:
3317:
3308:
3302:
3279:
3273:
3264:
3258:
3249:
3243:
3234:
3228:
3219:
3213:
3202:
3181:
3175:
3166:
3160:
3151:
3145:
3136:
3130:
3121:
3095:
3089:
3080:
3074:
3065:
3059:
3050:
3044:
3035:
3029:
3023:. p. 9.
3020:
3014:
3005:
2999:
2990:
2972:
2952:
2946:
2938:
2933:
2922:
2913:
2902:
2893:
2884:
2878:
2870:
2865:
2857:
2852:
2843:
2837:
2825:. Retrieved
2818:
2809:
2797:. Retrieved
2787:
2778:
2761:
2756:
2747:
2741:
2730:
2721:
2712:
2686:
2680:
2672:
2667:
2659:
2654:
2645:
2639:
2630:
2624:
2612:. Retrieved
2607:
2564:
2510:
2504:
2480:Vicinity of
2436:Lens-Carvin
2343:Halte-Vitry
1948:Roland C.II
1892:Roland C.II
1876:Saint-LĂ©ger
1823:Roland C.II
1774:Roland C.II
1752:Roland C.II
1702:Roland C.II
1680:Roland C.II
1658:Roland C.II
1628:Roland C.II
1606:Roland C.II
1581:Roland C.II
1556:Roland C.II
1301:
1291:
1285:
1278:
1272:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1196:1914–15 Star
1157:
1150:
1144:
1133:
1096:
1085:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1051:
1044:
1027:
1025:
996:
992:
988:
982:
980:
975:
959:
941:
939:
921:
911:
905:
895:
876:synchroniser
873:
864:
860:
852:synchronised
849:
833:
822:
805:Billy Bishop
798:
792:single-seat
775:
734:
722:
699:
695:Mick Mannock
687:
678:
665:
655:
644:
608:
593:
582:Nieuport 16s
575:
536:
521:
497:
475:
462:
455:
435:
405:
396:
380:
374:
354:
315:
266:
265:
203:
186:Battles/wars
108:British Army
72:(1917-05-07)
25:
5288:1917 deaths
5283:1896 births
5211:(in French)
4913:Clark, Alan
4306:Robertson.
4167:"No. 30129"
4132:"No. 30122"
4109:"No. 30110"
3886:Robertson.
3621:Robertson.
3608:Flying Fury
3518:"No. 29891"
3498:"No. 29837"
3457:"No. 29765"
3434:"No. 29765"
3321:Robertson.
3199:"No. 29684"
3150:Robertson.
3036:Flying Fury
2919:"No. 29470"
2899:"No. 29473"
2727:"No. 28954"
2468:7 May 1917
2389:Graincourt
1797:Fokker D.II
1564:Saint-LĂ©ger
1500:Roland C.II
1111:Air Marshal
1107:Henry Poole
934:Cyril Crowe
782:Orford Ness
780:, based at
710:Nieuport 17
636:Roland C.II
492:Caudron G.3
385:Albert Ball
267:Albert Ball
32:Albert Ball
5277:Categories
4812:References
4595:18 October
4151:Billière.
4049:Billière.
3945:Pengelly.
3901:Billière.
3709:Pengelly.
3606:McCudden.
3577:Pengelly.
3551:Pengelly.
3034:McCudden.
2941:pp. 53–61.
2937:Pengelly.
2869:Pengelly.
2856:Pengelly.
2842:Billière.
2799:12 October
2760:Pengelly.
2713:For Valour
2685:Pengelly.
2658:Pengelly.
2482:Annoeullin
2455:Destroyed
2433:Destroyed
2408:Destroyed
2386:Destroyed
2362:Destroyed
2340:Destroyed
2296:Destroyed
2274:Destroyed
2252:Destroyed
2228:Destroyed
2195:s/n A4850
2004:Destroyed
1922:Destroyed
1895:Destroyed
1873:Destroyed
1826:Destroyed
1801:Destroyed
1755:Destroyed
1735:Grévillers
1705:Destroyed
1631:Destroyed
1584:Destroyed
1537:Destroyed
1507:Along the
1504:Destroyed
1480:Destroyed
1459:Aerodrome
1311:Date/time
1164:Royal Mint
1160:Royal Mail
1060:Alan Clark
763:lieutenant
739:(DSO) and
731:Home front
602:recipient
466:Edwin Cole
318:Nottingham
299:flying ace
211:Home Front
94:Allegiance
70:7 May 1917
60:Nottingham
53:1896-08-14
5242:Lois Ball
5054:(2000) .
4915:(1999) .
4888:220029181
4723:26 August
4702:2 October
4640:2 October
4561:8 October
4538:8 October
4507:8 October
4476:8 October
4408:8 October
4361:cite book
4323:Aces High
4272:cite book
4243:cite book
4214:cite book
4089:cite book
3777:cite book
3748:cite book
3691:cite book
3568:. p. 294.
3335:Dudgeon.
3288:cite book
2458:Sancourt
2299:Marquoin
2277:Fontaine
1733:North of
1408:Beaumont
1396:s/n 5173
1323:Location
1314:Aircraft
1032:encomiums
930:Annœullin
881:Red Baron
589:"pushers"
556:Lewis gun
254:Relations
176:(1916–17)
151:(1915–16)
144:(1914–15)
115:(1915–17)
110:(1914–15)
77:Annœullin
62:, England
5230:Archived
4956:(2000).
4821:(2004).
4799:Bowyer.
4784:Bowyer.
4738:Bowyer.
4610:Bowyer.
4423:Bowyer.
4383:Bowyer.
4336:Bowyer.
4189:Bowyer.
4064:Bowyer.
4034:Bowyer.
4004:Bowyer.
3989:Bowyer.
3974:Bowyer.
3959:Bowyer.
3931:Bowyer.
3916:Bowyer.
3871:Bowyer.
3856:Bowyer.
3841:Bowyer.
3826:Bowyer.
3811:Bowyer.
3796:Bowyer.
3723:Bowyer.
3666:Bowyer.
3636:Bowyer.
3591:Bowyer.
3479:Bowyer.
3380:Bowyer.
3365:Bowyer.
3350:Shores.
3325:. p. 92.
3307:Bowyer.
3263:Bowyer.
3248:Bowyer.
3233:Bowyer.
3218:Bowyer.
3180:Bowyer.
3165:Franks.
3135:Bowyer.
3094:Bowyer.
3079:Bowyer.
3064:Bowyer.
3049:Franks.
3019:Franks.
3004:Bowyer.
2989:Shores.
2971:Franks.
2883:Bowyer.
2777:Bowyer.
2711:Bowyer.
2675:. p. 20.
2671:Bowyer.
2644:Bowyer.
2629:Bowyer.
2509:Shores.
2208:Selvigny
2206:Cambrai-
2122:Cambrai
2029:Bapaume
1981:Bapaume-
1973:Albatros
1919:fighter
1848:fighter
1804:East of
1708:East of
1636:Maurepas
1587:West of
1509:Mercatel
1483:Unknown
1394:Nieuport
1368:Albatros
1124:Grade-II
706:salvoing
627:phosphor
522:Longhorn
446:sergeant
397:Sedgley'
393:knighted
348:and the
283:Two Bars
260:(father)
249:(Russia)
244:(France)
234:Two Bars
102:Service/
79:, France
5185:2273714
4905:2835850
4769:15 July
4321:Clark.
2827:6 March
2614:29 July
1983:Cambrai
1930:Jasta 2
1899:Bucquoy
1589:Bapaume
1532:Aviatik
1320:Result
1008:captain
966:vertigo
902:, 1919
843:of the
640:Aviatik
638:and an
621:and an
543:Marieux
516:Norwich
440:of the
381:Sedgley
204:†
132:Captain
123:1914–17
5240:, and
5183:
5157:
5138:
5119:
5100:
5081:
5062:
5040:
5021:
5002:
4983:
4964:
4942:
4923:
4903:
4886:
4867:
4848:
4829:
4443:Flight
3564:Hare.
3401:Flight
2873:p. 34.
2860:p. 29.
2820:Flight
2662:p. 15.
2573:
2413:Carvin
2366:Sailly
1917:Fokker
1846:Roland
1806:Beugny
1710:Ayette
1326:Notes
724:Flight
632:sortie
584:, and
309:, and
281:&
232:&
222:Awards
200:
181:(1917)
171:(1916)
166:(1916)
156:(1916)
104:branch
84:Buried
4454:6 May
3412:6 May
2496:Notes
2411:Lens-
1634:Vaux-
1612:Vaux
1515:road
1513:Arras
1457:Douai
1431:Oppy
1280:land.
1062:, in
971:Havas
908:Douai
827:with
794:scout
532:wings
477:wish.
334:wings
288:
286:,
277:
275:,
5181:OCLC
5155:ISBN
5136:ISBN
5117:ISBN
5098:ISBN
5079:ISBN
5060:ISBN
5038:ISBN
5019:ISBN
5000:ISBN
4981:ISBN
4962:ISBN
4940:ISBN
4921:ISBN
4901:OCLC
4884:OCLC
4865:ISBN
4846:ISBN
4827:ISBN
4771:2014
4725:2020
4704:2012
4672:2011
4642:2013
4597:2013
4563:2011
4540:2011
4509:2011
4478:2011
4456:2014
4448:XIII
4410:2011
4367:link
4278:link
4249:link
4220:link
4095:link
3783:link
3754:link
3697:link
3414:2014
3406:VIII
3337:Mick
3294:link
2829:2010
2801:2011
2616:2009
2571:ISBN
2465:u/c
2167:u/c
2148:u/c
2129:u/c
2074:VĂ©lu
1955:Mory
1331:u/c
1317:Foe
1308:No.
666:them
611:LVGs
552:drum
410:and
138:Unit
128:Rank
67:Died
47:Born
4764:BBC
2443:44
2421:43
2396:42
2374:41
2350:40
2328:39
2306:38
2284:37
2262:36
2238:35
2216:34
2186:33
2107:31
2083:30
2058:29
2036:28
2014:27
1992:26
1963:25
1939:24
1933:KIA
1907:23
1883:22
1861:21
1836:20
1814:19
1787:18
1765:17
1743:16
1718:15
1693:14
1671:13
1649:12
1642:WIA
1619:11
1597:10
1400:LVG
898:by
761:of
753:at
741:bar
668:".
623:ace
541:at
279:DSO
5279::
5236:,
4762:.
4756:.
4688:.
4658:.
4628:.
4583:.
4579:.
4529:.
4525:.
4498:.
4494:.
4446:.
4401:.
4375:^
4363:}}
4359:{{
4274:}}
4270:{{
4245:}}
4241:{{
4216:}}
4212:{{
4181:^
4169:.
4134:.
4123:^
4111:.
4091:}}
4087:{{
3779:}}
3775:{{
3750:}}
3746:{{
3693:}}
3689:{{
3520:.
3500:.
3489:^
3471:^
3459:.
3448:^
3436:.
3425:^
3416:.
3404:.
3398:.
3290:}}
3286:{{
3201:.
3190:^
3104:^
2981:^
2961:^
2921:.
2901:.
2817:.
2769:^
2729:.
2695:^
2606:.
2585:^
2519:^
1572:9
1547:8
1522:7
1490:6
1466:5
1438:4
1416:3
1387:2
1355:1
1210:,
1206:,
1202:,
1198:,
1194:,
1190:,
1186:,
313:.
305:,
290:MC
272:VC
269:,
5187:.
5163:.
5144:.
5125:.
5106:.
5087:.
5068:.
5046:.
5027:.
5008:.
4989:.
4970:.
4948:.
4929:.
4907:.
4890:.
4873:.
4854:.
4835:.
4773:.
4727:.
4706:.
4674:.
4644:.
4599:.
4565:.
4542:.
4511:.
4480:.
4458:.
4412:.
4369:)
4280:)
4251:)
4222:)
4097:)
3785:)
3756:)
3699:)
3296:)
2831:.
2803:.
2618:.
2579:.
1511:-
1214:.
55:)
51:(
23:.
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