355:
596:. In March 1082, Al-Muqtadi sent Abu Nasr ibn Jahir to Malik Shah in Isfahan to ask for her hand in marriage. Her father gave his consent and the marriage contract was concluded. She arrived Baghdad in March 1087. The marriage was consummated in May 1087. She gave birth to Prince Ja'far on 31 January 1088. But then Al-Muqtadi began to avoid her and she asked permission to return home. She left Baghdad for Khurasan on 29 May 1089, accompanied by her son. Subsequently, news of her death reached Baghdad. Her ailing father, brought her son back to Baghdad in October 1092. Prince Ja'far was taken back to the Caliphal Palace, where he remained until his death on 21 June 1093. He was buried near the caliphal tombs in the Rusafah Cemetery. One of Al-Muqtadi's concubines was Kalbahaar or Jalb'har, also known as Tayf al-Khayal. She was a Turkish and was the mother of caliph
46:
486:
561:"—for the Jews were to be taxed. He also required the Jews to wear girdles. Abu Shuja had two signs placed upon the Jewish women: the shoes belonging to each woman had to be one red and the other black, and each woman had to wear a small brass bell on her shoe or neck, in order by their sound to distinguish between Jewish and gentile women. He further appointed cruel men over the Jewish men, and cruel women over the Jewish women, to oppress them with every kind of curse, spite, and shame. The gentiles would mock them, and the
351:
by 27 August Gohar-A'in was threatening to attack the palace unless he complied. At that point, al-Muqtadi had no choice – the
Abbasids lacked a military of their own and were powerless to resist Seljuk interference. Fakhr ad-Dawla apparently resigned (instead of being fired) and al-Muqtadi had him placed under house arrest.
430:(bridal gift), give up his current wives and concubines, and agree to not have sexual relations with any other woman. This was an especially heavy significant burden on the Abbasid caliph, since the Abbasids had been tightly controlling their "reproductive politics", with all their heirs being born to
389:
once he heard of Nizam al-Mulk's plans. He took a circuitous route through the mountains to avoid running into Gohar-A'in on the way, and he reached
Isfahan on 23 July – the same day that Gohar A'in reached Baghdad. Amid ad-Dawla met with Nizam al-Mulk and the two parties eventually reconciled, which
350:
to the caliph to demand Fakhr ad-Dawla's removal and to have the Banu Jahir's followers arrested. Gohar-A'in arrived on 23 July and was granted an audience on
Tuesday, 14 August, during which he handed over a letter requesting Fakhr ad-Dawla's removal. Al-Muqtadi initially balked at the demand, but
509:
Malik-Shah I arranged a marriage between his daughter and al-Muqtadi, possibly planning on the birth of a son who could serve as both caliph and sultan. Though the couple had a son, the mother left with her infant to the court of
Isfahan. Following the failure of the marriage, the Sultan grew
532:, the sign of the sovereign, to be proclaimed in the name of a woman. Eventually, however, the Caliph agreed to let her govern if the khutba was said in the name of her son, and if she did so assisted by a vizier he appointed for her, a condition she saw herself forced to accept.
408:, to negotiate marriage with Malik-Shah's daughter. Malik-Shah was grieving the death of his son Da'ud and did not take part i; the negotiations; rather, Fakhr ad-Dawla went to Nizam al-Mulk. The two worked together this time; they went to the princess's foster mother,
390:
they sealed with a marriage contract between Nizam al-Mulk's granddaughter and Amid ad-Dawla. Al-Muqtadi did not initially rehire the Banu Jahir and instead kept them under house arrest, but Nizam al-Mulk later intervened and got them rehired.
447:
without requesting official permission; this further aroused al-Muqtadi's suspicions and he retroactively fired them after they had left. He then wrote to the
Seljuks, telling them not to employ the Banu Jahir in their administration. In
525:
wished to seize power in his stead. To accomplish this, she entered negotiations with the Caliph al-Muqtadi to secure her rule. The Caliph opposed both a child and a woman as ruler, and could not be persuaded to allow the
423:
Eventually, Turkan Khatun agreed to the marriage, but with heavy conditions imposed on al-Muqtadi: in return for marrying the Seljuk princess, al-Muqtadi would pay 50,000 dinars plus an additional 100,000 dinars as
331:
876:
436:
and therefore unrelated to any rival dynasties. By agreeing to Turkan Khatun's terms, Fakhr ad-Dawla was putting al-Muqtadi at a severe disadvantage while also benefitting the
Seljuks considerably.
439:
In 1083, al-Muqtadi removed the Banu Jahir from office by decree. The circumstances of their removal from office are somewhat unclear - historians gave varying accounts. In
354:
460:
420:, who had been married to al-Qa'im, told her that a marriage with the caliph would be more prestigious, and that she should not be asking the caliph for more money.
547:
Al-Muqtadi told Abu Shuja, his vizier, to mark the Jews dwelling in the city of
Baghdad with distinctive dress, and he sought many times to destroy them, but the
456:
offers no details about the firing itself but wrote instead that the
Seljuks sent representatives to meet the Banu Jahir in Baghdad (rather than in Khorasan).
307:
but Fakhr ad-Dawla had it done anyway. Before he died, al-Qa'im advised his grandson and successor al-Muqtadi to keep the Banu Jahir in their position:
567:
and their children would strike the Jews in all the areas of the city. Now this was the tax which ordered to be levied over the Jews. . .
969:"The Role of Women in the Būyid and Saljūq Periods of the Abbasid Caliphate (339-447/9501055&447-547/1055-1152): The Case of Iraq"
1111:
452:'s version, the Seljuks at some point approached al-Muqtadi and asked to employ the Banu Jahir themselves, and al-Muqtadi agreed.
1281:
1060:
296:
269:
90:
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According to Ibn al-Athir's account, the Banu Jahir left
Baghdad on Saturday, 22 July 1083. They were succeeded as viziers by
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1444:
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346:'s life was endangered. Nizam al-Mulk blamed Fakhr ad-Dawla for the whole affair and in 1078 sent his representative
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401:(pulpit) made at his expense and bearing the titles of al-Muqtadi. It later ended up broken up and burned down.
650:
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thwarted his intent and hid them from his wrath. put a yellow sign upon on the head of each Jew and a silver-
1526:
1104:
1240:
1097:
857:
Mernissi, Fatima; Mary Jo
Lakeland (2003). The forgotten queens of Islam. Oxford University Press.
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critical of the Caliph's interference in affairs of state, and sent an order for him to retire to
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944:كتاب جهات الأئمة الخلفاء من الحرائر والإماء المسمى نساء الخلفاء: Women and the Court of Baghdad
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In 1092, when Malik Shah I was assassinated shortly after Nizam al-Mulk, Taj al-Mulk nominated
1379:
1326:
540:
417:
443:'s version, al-Muqtadi had become suspicious of the Banu Jahir, prompting them to leave for
1516:
1511:
1449:
1173:
608:
Al-Muqtadi died in 1094 at the age of 37–38. He was succeeded by his 16-year-old son Ahmad
666:. Routledge Studies in the History of Iran and Turkey. Taylor & Francis. p. 187.
8:
968:
343:
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slave girl named Urjuman. His full name was ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im and his
36:
757:
1474:
1464:
1434:
1007:
947:
922:
897:
858:
819:
815:
The Annals of the Saljuq Turks: Selections from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh of Ibn al-Athir
761:
667:
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The Annals of the Saljuq Turks: Selections from al-Kamil fi'l-Ta'rikh of Ibn al-Athir
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589:
440:
404:
In 1081, the caliph sent Fakhr ad-Dawla to Isfahan, laden with gifts and over 20,000
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159:
146:
64:
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to ask her hand in marriage, to which demand the Sultan agreed. His second wife was
485:
474:, during whose reign the Caliphate was recognized throughout the extending range of
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1394:
1343:
1301:
749:
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514:. The death of Malik-Shah I shortly after, however, made the command inoperative.
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738:"The Banu Jahir and Their Role in the Abbasid and Saljuq Administrations"
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is also depicted accompanying the procession. Folio from a manuscript of
234:
1374:
1316:
1306:
1256:
1229:
1214:
621:
581:
453:
327:
50:
543:, who lived in Baghdad towards the end of al-Muqtadi's reign, records:
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as Sultan and set out for Isfahan. Mahmud was a child, and his mother
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1147:
1142:
432:
413:
285:
737:
412:, to make their request. She was disinterested at first because the
1321:
1276:
1246:
1152:
1494:
indicates ephemeral caliphs recognized in the city of Baghdad only
1089:
1251:
1167:
1157:
1132:
552:
498:
482:, acknowledged again the spiritual jurisdiction of the Abbasids.
479:
394:
386:
366:
362:
323:
319:
265:
201:
72:
624:, family of viziers that were prominent under al-Muqtadi's reign
1355:
1128:
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conquest. Arabia, with the Holy Cities, now recovered from the
467:, who had previously been "in charge of the palace buildings".
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378:
257:
246:
60:
1359:
511:
405:
250:
249:: أبو القاسم عبد الله بن محمد بن القائم) better known by his
426:
921:. Bibliotheca Persica. Bibliotheca Persica. p. 267.
303:
took charge of his personal care - al-Qa'im did not want
643:
The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire
313:
than Ibn Jahir and his son; do not turn away from them."
260:: المقتدي 'the follower'; 1056 – February 1094) was the
946:. Library of Arabic Literature. NYU Press. p. 63.
942:
al-Sāʿī, Ibn; Toorawa, Shawkat M.; Bray, Julia (2017).
268:
from 1075 to 1094. He succeeded his grandfather caliph
960:
557:
of lead on the neck of each Jew, which was inscribed "
808:
839:
315:Al-Muqtadi ascended to the throne on 2 April 1075.
941:
584:. In 1071–72, his father Al-Qa'im sent his wazir
1503:
397:of 1078 (March–April), Fakhr ad-Dawla had had a
369:, for her upcoming marriage to Muqtadi in 1087.
243:Abū'l-Qasim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im
182:Abū'l-Qasim ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im
804:
802:
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416:ruler had made a better offer: 100,000 dinars.
332:Abu Nasr ibn al-Ustadh Abi al-Qasim al-Qushayri
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292:was Abū'l-Qasim. He was born in 24 July 1056.
272:in 1075 as the twenty-seventh Abbasid caliph.
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997:, The Caliphate: Its Rise, Decline, and Fall.
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501:484 AH/1091/2 AD. (Citing Al-Muqtadi as the
470:Al-Muqtadi was honored by the Seljuk sultan
361:depicted in the center of a procession from
1006:. Cambridge University Press. p. 191.
966:
896:. Cambridge University Press. p. 211.
775:
645:. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47.
1112:
1098:
971:. University of Exeter. pp. 117, 157
680:
967:Rudainy, Al; Saud, Reem (12 June 2015).
919:Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia
891:
661:
484:
353:
309:"I have not seen better persons for the
16:Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad (r. 1075–1094)
1004:The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 5
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1504:
385:Meanwhile, Amid ad-Dawla had left for
334:arrived in town to become lecturer at
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1001:
874:
845:
735:
284:, the son of caliph Al-Qa'im, and an
535:
192:Later Abbasid era: 11th century
1119:
878:סוגיות בספרות העברית של ימי הביניים
318:In 1077, deadly riots broke out in
13:
881:(in Hebrew). נופך. pp. 90–91.
14:
1538:
812:; Richards, D.S. (4 April 2014).
580:. She was the daughter of Sultan
894:The Abbasid Caliphate: A History
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910:
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82:2 April 1075 – 3 February 1094
1:
1076:2 April 1075 – February 1094
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603:
299:was on his deathbed in 1075,
1522:11th-century Abbasid caliphs
818:. pp. 195–7, 203, 210.
576:Al-Muqtadi's first wife was
275:
7:
615:
10:
1543:
1002:Boyle, J. A., ed. (1968).
989:This text is adapted from
641:Bennison, Amira K. (2009)
130:Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
116:Baghdad, Abbasid Caliphate
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917:Lambton, A.K.S. (1988).
1241:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
662:Richards, D.S. (2014).
489:Gold Dinar minted with
187:Era name and dates
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506:
505:over Seljuk Sultanate)
461:Abu'l-Fath al-Muzaffar
382:
892:El-Hibri, T. (2021).
592:, daughter of Sultan
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541:Obadiah the Proselyte
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418:Khadija Arslan Khatun
357:
1527:11th century in Iraq
1174:Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi
736:Hanne, Eric (2008).
338:. During the riots,
336:the city's nizamiyya
875:מלאכי, צבי (1971).
322:between the city's
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383:
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1475:al-Mutawakkil III
1465:al-Mutawakkil III
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1087:
1079:Succeeded by
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953:978-1-4798-6679-3
928:978-0-88706-133-2
903:978-1-107-18324-7
863:978-0-19-579868-5
673:978-1-317-83255-3
590:Mah-i Mulk Khatun
536:Treatment of Jews
441:Sibt ibn al-Jawzi
377:, Iran, probably
359:Mah-i Mulk Khatun
282:Muhammad Dhakirat
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65:Abbasid Caliphate
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1455:al-Mutawakkil II
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465:ra'is al-ru'asa'
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37:Amir al-Mu'minin
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1370:al-Mustansir II
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1344:Mongol conquest
1163:Harun al-Rashid
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1121:Abbasid Caliphs
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1072:Abbasid Caliph
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995:public domain
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1460:al-Mustamsik
1450:al-Mustanjid
1420:al-Musta'sim
1415:al-Wathiq II
1405:al-Musta'sim
1341:
1337:al-Musta'sim
1312:al-Mustanjid
1292:al-Mustazhir
1286:
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1082:Al-Mustazhir
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748:(1): 29–45.
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610:al-Mustazhir
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598:Al-Mustazhir
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586:Ibn Al-Jahir
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305:bloodletting
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165:Al-Mustazhir
142:Sifri Khatun
126:(1094-02-03)
114:24 July 1056
101:Al-Mustazhir
31:
18:
1517:1094 deaths
1512:1056 births
1430:al-Musta'in
1390:al-Hakim II
1385:al-Wathiq I
1363:(1261–1517)
1262:al-Mustakfi
1235:al-Muqtadir
1225:al-Mu'tadid
1220:al-Mu'tamid
1205:al-Musta'in
1200:al-Muntasir
1185:al-Mu'tasim
1025:Al-Muqtadi
612:as Caliph.
564:am ha'aretz
251:regnal name
235:Sunni Islam
87:Predecessor
24:Al-Muqtadi
1506:Categories
1375:al-Hakim I
1317:al-Mustadi
1307:al-Muqtafi
1287:al-Muqtadi
1257:al-Muttaqi
1230:al-Muktafi
1215:al-Muhtadi
1210:al-Mu'tazz
1136:(749–1258)
846:Boyle 1968
651:0300167989
629:References
622:Banu Jahir
604:Succession
582:Alp Arslan
491:Al-Muqtadi
454:Al-Bundari
433:umm walads
375:Nigaristan
348:Gohar-A'in
254:al-Muqtadi
51:Gold dinar
1302:al-Rashid
1190:al-Wathiq
1180:al-Ma'mun
1148:al-Mansur
1143:al-Saffah
762:154985025
414:Ghaznavid
276:Biography
97:Successor
1445:al-Qa'im
1327:al-Zahir
1322:al-Nasir
1282:al-Qa'im
1277:al-Qadir
1272:al-Ta'i'
1267:al-Muti'
1247:al-Qahir
1153:al-Mahdi
1061:Al-Qa'im
975:14 April
831:27 March
767:22 March
742:Al-Masaq
616:See also
480:Fatimids
445:Khorasan
297:al-Qa'im
286:Armenian
270:al-Qa'im
231:Religion
217:Muhammad
91:Al-Qa'im
33:Khalīfah
1356:Caliphs
1252:al-Radi
1168:al-Amin
1158:al-Hadi
1133:Baghdad
1129:Caliphs
554:mithqal
499:Shahada
395:Ramadan
387:Isfahan
367:Baghdad
363:Isfahan
342:'s son
328:Ash'ari
324:Hanbali
320:Baghdad
266:Baghdad
226:Urjuman
207:Abbasid
202:Dynasty
135:Consort
73:Baghdad
63:of the
26:المقتدي
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572:Family
559:dhimmi
529:khutba
519:Mahmud
476:Seljuk
406:dinars
399:minbar
379:Shiraz
258:Arabic
247:Arabic
223:Mother
213:Father
61:Caliph
1360:Cairo
1043:Died:
1036:Born:
758:S2CID
512:Basra
311:dawla
295:When
290:Kunya
177:Names
168:Jafar
160:Issue
79:Reign
59:27th
1038:1056
1008:ISBN
977:2024
948:ISBN
923:ISBN
898:ISBN
859:ISBN
833:2022
820:ISBN
769:2022
668:ISBN
647:ISBN
493:and
427:mahr
326:and
121:Died
111:Born
1358:of
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750:doi
365:to
264:in
71:in
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