135:
146:(maternal clan). The Aduana along with the Asona are the only groups where intermarriage between the same clan members is allowed among Royals. Akwamu expansion started between 1629 and 1710. They expanded into the Akuapem area, including Kyerepon and Larteh, Denkyera, Ga-Adangbe; and the Ladoku states of Agona, Winneba and Afram plains. The powerful King Otumfuo Ansa Sasraku I annexed the
274:
long and 160 feet wide as there was a single major street that contained the royal residence at the center of the city. The street was flanked with state buildings, courts, council buildings, stool and treasury houses as well as shrines. Nyanoase along with other metropolitan cities, contained large
150:
and took over the traditional areas of the
Kyerepon. He ruled over them until Asonaba Nana Ofori Kuma and his followers, after a succession dispute in an effort to form their own state, engaged them in a fierce war. The Akwamu were driven away from the mountains. These Asona family members and their
265:
from the sea; he is one of the greatest rulers of Guinea. The place where he lives is well-policed, and the
Frenchmen whom I sent there assured me that they have never seen a place of greater beauty; the streets of the town, which are thirty feet wide, are lined up for a distance of three leagues
178:, Akwamu tried to help the Ashanti but withdrew their aid, because a diplomatic agreement with British government signed in 1867. Despite this, Akwamu and the Ashanti Empire were still strong allies. They fought in many wars as allies, such as in the "Krepi war" in 1869.
323:
westwards. During the reign of King
Akwonno, the Dutch signed a treaty with Akwamu on 3 April 1702 which saw the Dutch bound themselves to assist Akwamu in any justified war, with a force of 100 fully armed men, 3000 pounds of gunpowder as well as 300 pounds of bullets.
151:
followers were given a piece of land by the Guan and
Kyerepon, the original settlers, to form the Akuapem state. Most of the present Akuapem still have their roots at Akwamufie, especially those bearing the names Addo and Akoto, who are from the Aduana family.
275:
plantations; some of which were royal or state plantations. Taxes or tributes were paid occasionally by the towns and villages within the jurisdiction of the empire. European forts on the Accra coast paid rents for their forts and
228:
and
Nyanoase served as the main capitals of Akwamu. The seat of the Akwamu government was located at Nyanoase. Between 1681 and 1701, it was from Nyanoase that the government administered over several ports across the
181:
After the death of Nana Ansa
Sasraku, he was succeeded by two kings collectively, Nana Addo Panin and Nana Basua. It was during this time that the Akwamu took over the possession of the trading Danish Castle at
216:
on the island. In 1734 the
Akwamus were defeated by the Akyem, Ga, Kyerepong, and the Dutch forces, and lost half of their empire. The Akwamus were pushed to Akwamufie, the location of their current capital.
190:, in present-day Accra. At the peak of their power, the Akwamu state encompassed much of the eastern part of the present-day Ghana. The Akwamu also conquered the Ga people and occupied the old Ga Kingdom.
257:. Akwamu generated wealth through commodity circulation, fines, taxes and tributes. An account of the city in 1684 is the oldest recorded description of the city which Swartz and Dumett quote as:
208:
In the 1720s a civil war in the Akwamu state caused great hardship. The victors sold most of the King's allies as slaves and they were transported to the
Caribbean island of
205:
colonists. The Akwamu thus controlled many of the trade routes from the interior to the coast in the eastern half of what is now Ghana and created a capital at
Nyanoase.
114:. The Akwamu led an expansionist empire in the 17th and 18th centuries. At the peak of their empire, Akwamu extended 400 kilometres (250 mi) along the coast from
170:. With the aid of Akwamu, Ashanti embarked on a series of campaigns which led to the defeat of the Denkyira. The Akwamu empire fell after it was subgjudicated by the
142:
The Akwamu are one of the oldest Akan states, along with the Fante and Akyem states. The Akwamu were ruled by the king of the Yaa Ansaa Royal Family of the Aduana
650:
194:
957:
619:
213:
962:
928:
893:
319:
of the
Ashanti Empire had formed an alliance since the late 17th century. Akwamu also formed an alliance with some
209:
694:
952:
947:
311:, bowmen and spearmen. Akwamu might have influenced the military organization and civil administration of the
746:
775:
79:
271:
154:
According to Akwamu tradition, Otumfuo Ansa Sasraku I, also played an important role in the life of King
234:
883:
651:"Supreme Court declares Yaa Ansaa Royal Family owners of Akwamu stool; Kwafo Akoto days numbered"
8:
230:
728:
175:
593:
924:
920:
889:
888:. Department of History, Norwegian University of Science and Technology. p. 49.
627:
254:
238:
316:
250:
155:
62:
266:
with trees. He has 600 officers at his court with numerous soldiers and much gold.
914:
66:
312:
159:
941:
262:
167:
103:
676:
320:
303:
thought the days of European forts might well be over." Despite possessing
300:
242:
147:
270:
Erik Tileman documented in the late 17th century that the capital was two
916:
West African Culture Dynamics: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives
280:
111:
91:
732:
885:
Akwamu 1640-1750: A Study of the Rise and Fall of a West African Empire
308:
292:
225:
198:
187:
183:
107:
304:
45:
Accra, Bono Region, Eastern Region, Ashanti Region, Volta Region of
163:
754:
276:
202:
123:
719:
Wilks, Ivor (1957). "The Rise of The Akwamu Empire, 1650-1710".
296:
237:. Aside from the coast, Akwamu established trade networks with
143:
134:
115:
246:
171:
119:
46:
792:
Lose Your Mother: A Journey Along the Atlantic Slave Route
58:
327:
794:(New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2007), pp. 91β93.
829:
827:
814:
812:
690:
688:
686:
174:in the 18th century. During the third and fourth
939:
913:Swartz, Henri B. K.; Dumett, Raymond E. (2011).
824:
809:
721:Transactions of the Historical Society of Ghana
683:
129:
714:
712:
710:
708:
706:
912:
869:
857:
845:
833:
818:
803:
588:
586:
249:northwest, while eastward, they traded with
106:in present-day Ghana. After migrating from
703:
307:, the bulk of the army was centred on the
583:
110:, the Akan founders of Akwamu settled in
697:Almanac of African Peoples & Nations
133:
16:17th/18th-century state in present Ghana
940:
648:
166:. It was at Akwamu that Osei Tutu met
881:
753:. Government of Ghana. Archived from
739:
718:
328:List of rulers of the state of Akwamu
295:, "Akwamu possessed such an array of
611:
40:Regions with significant populations
13:
14:
974:
617:
197:of Akwamu led a raid and seized
958:Countries in precolonial Africa
906:
875:
863:
851:
839:
797:
778:A Historical Geography of Ghana
220:
784:
769:
669:
642:
1:
576:
463:Otumfuo Akonno Kuma (Regent)
649:Dogbey, Larry (9 May 2022).
214:they fomented a slave revolt
138:Akwamu National State Symbol
80:African Traditional Religion
7:
286:
130:History of the Akwamu state
10:
979:
870:Swartz & Dumett (2011)
858:Swartz & Dumett (2011)
846:Swartz & Dumett (2011)
834:Swartz & Dumett (2011)
819:Swartz & Dumett (2011)
804:Swartz & Dumett (2011)
102:was a state set up by the
535:Otumfuo Akoto Ababio III
479:Otumfuo Darko Yaw Panyin
431:Otumfuo Ansa Sasraku III
283:or imported merchandise.
90:
85:
77:
72:
57:
52:
44:
39:
34:
29:
963:Former empires in Africa
567:Odeneho Kwafo Akoto III
551:Otumfuo Akoto Ababio IV
519:Otumfuo Akoto Ababio II
439:Otumfuo Ansa Sasraku IV
423:Otumfuo Ansa Sasraku II
598:Encyclopædia Britannica
559:Odeneho Kwafo Akoto II
543:Otumfuo Ansa Sasraku V
495:Otumfuo Darko Yaw Kuma
415:Otumfuo Ansa Sasraku I
291:According to historian
261:The King lives twelve
162:by protecting him from
695:MuαΈ₯ammad ZuhdΔ« Yakan,
503:Otumfuo Kwafo Akoto I
447:Otumfuo Akonno Panyin
268:
139:
126:, Ghana, in the West.
953:18th century in Ghana
948:17th century in Ghana
527:Otumfuo Akoto Kwadwo
511:Otumfuo Akoto Ababio
487:Otumfuo Akoto Panyin
343:Otumfuo Agyen Kokobo
279:in the form of gold,
259:
137:
86:Related ethnic groups
882:Wilks, Ivor (2001).
776:Kwamina B. Dickson,
399:Otumfuo Obuoko Dako
351:Otumfuo Ofosu Kwabi
872:, pp. 381β382.
806:, pp. 371β372.
630:on 13 December 2006
471:Otumfuo Opoku Kuma
26:
790:Hartman, Saidiya.
751:ghanacastle.gov.gh
624:A History of Ghana
455:Otumfuo Ansa Kwao
176:Anglo-Ashanti wars
140:
24:
921:Walter de Gruyter
574:
573:
407:Ohemmaa Afrakoma
315:. Akwamu and the
97:
96:
25:Kingdom of Akwamu
970:
934:
900:
899:
879:
873:
867:
861:
855:
849:
843:
837:
831:
822:
816:
807:
801:
795:
788:
782:
773:
767:
766:
764:
762:
743:
737:
736:
716:
701:
692:
681:
680:
673:
667:
666:
664:
662:
646:
640:
639:
637:
635:
626:. Archived from
615:
609:
608:
606:
604:
590:
375:Otumfuo Akoto I
338:Period of reign
332:
331:
156:Osei Kofi Tutu I
30:Total population
27:
23:
978:
977:
973:
972:
971:
969:
968:
967:
938:
937:
931:
909:
904:
903:
896:
880:
876:
868:
864:
856:
852:
844:
840:
832:
825:
817:
810:
802:
798:
789:
785:
774:
770:
760:
758:
757:on 3 April 2007
745:
744:
740:
717:
704:
693:
684:
675:
674:
670:
660:
658:
647:
643:
633:
631:
616:
612:
602:
600:
592:
591:
584:
579:
391:Otumfuo Akotia
330:
289:
223:
132:
122:in the East to
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
976:
966:
965:
960:
955:
950:
936:
935:
929:
908:
905:
902:
901:
894:
874:
862:
860:, p. 379.
850:
848:, p. 375.
838:
836:, p. 374.
823:
821:, p. 373.
808:
796:
783:
768:
747:"Ghana Castle"
738:
702:
682:
668:
641:
610:
581:
580:
578:
575:
572:
571:
568:
564:
563:
560:
556:
555:
552:
548:
547:
544:
540:
539:
536:
532:
531:
528:
524:
523:
520:
516:
515:
512:
508:
507:
504:
500:
499:
496:
492:
491:
488:
484:
483:
480:
476:
475:
472:
468:
467:
464:
460:
459:
456:
452:
451:
448:
444:
443:
440:
436:
435:
432:
428:
427:
424:
420:
419:
416:
412:
411:
408:
404:
403:
400:
396:
395:
392:
388:
387:
384:
383:Otumfuo Asare
380:
379:
376:
372:
371:
368:
367:Otumfuo Addow
364:
363:
360:
359:Otumfuo Oduro
356:
355:
352:
348:
347:
344:
340:
339:
336:
335:Akwamu rulers
329:
326:
313:Ashanti Empire
288:
285:
222:
219:
131:
128:
95:
94:
88:
87:
83:
82:
78:Christianity,
75:
74:
70:
69:
55:
54:
50:
49:
42:
41:
37:
36:
32:
31:
20:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
975:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
945:
943:
932:
930:9783110800685
926:
922:
918:
917:
911:
910:
897:
895:9788277650364
891:
887:
886:
878:
871:
866:
859:
854:
847:
842:
835:
830:
828:
820:
815:
813:
805:
800:
793:
787:
780:
779:
772:
756:
752:
748:
742:
734:
730:
726:
722:
715:
713:
711:
709:
707:
699:
698:
691:
689:
687:
678:
677:"Akan Abusua"
672:
656:
652:
645:
629:
625:
621:
614:
599:
595:
589:
587:
582:
570:2011βpresent
569:
566:
565:
561:
558:
557:
553:
550:
549:
545:
542:
541:
537:
534:
533:
529:
526:
525:
521:
518:
517:
513:
510:
509:
505:
502:
501:
497:
494:
493:
489:
486:
485:
481:
478:
477:
473:
470:
469:
465:
462:
461:
457:
454:
453:
449:
446:
445:
441:
438:
437:
433:
430:
429:
425:
422:
421:
417:
414:
413:
409:
406:
405:
401:
398:
397:
393:
390:
389:
385:
382:
381:
377:
374:
373:
369:
366:
365:
361:
358:
357:
353:
350:
349:
345:
342:
341:
337:
334:
333:
325:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
284:
282:
278:
273:
267:
264:
258:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
218:
215:
211:
206:
204:
200:
196:
193:In 1693, the
191:
189:
185:
184:Christianborg
179:
177:
173:
169:
168:Okomfo Anokye
165:
161:
157:
152:
149:
145:
136:
127:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
104:Akwamu people
101:
93:
89:
84:
81:
76:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
51:
48:
43:
38:
33:
28:
19:
915:
907:Bibliography
884:
877:
865:
853:
841:
799:
791:
786:
777:
771:
759:. Retrieved
755:the original
750:
741:
727:(2): 25β62.
724:
720:
696:
671:
659:. Retrieved
654:
644:
632:. Retrieved
628:the original
623:
620:"The Akwamu"
613:
601:. Retrieved
597:
301:Dalby Thomas
290:
272:Danish miles
269:
260:
235:Slave Coasts
224:
221:Organization
207:
192:
180:
153:
141:
99:
98:
21:Ethnic group
18:
618:Buah, F.K.
112:Twifo-Heman
942:Categories
655:The Herald
577:References
562:1937β1992
554:1921β1937
546:1917β1921
538:1910β1917
530:1909β1910
522:1887β1909
514:1882β1887
506:1866β1882
498:1835β1866
490:1781β1835
482:1747β1781
474:1744β1747
466:1730β1744
458:1725β1730
450:1702β1725
442:1699β1702
434:1689β1699
426:1674β1689
418:1640β1674
410:1625β1640
402:1610β1625
394:1595β1610
386:1580β1595
378:1565β1580
370:1550β1565
362:1535β1550
354:1520β1535
346:1505β1520
309:musketeers
293:Ivor Wilks
245:up north,
226:Asamankese
212:. In 1733
199:Osu Castle
108:Bono state
700:, p. 161.
305:artillery
299:that Sir
201:from the
53:Languages
781:, p. 23.
761:28 March
733:41405705
634:28 March
603:28 March
594:"Akwamu"
287:Military
210:St. John
164:Denkyira
73:Religion
657:. Ghana
317:founder
281:cowries
263:leagues
195:Asimani
160:Ashanti
124:Winneba
63:English
35:Unknown
927:
892:
731:
661:25 May
297:cannon
277:lodges
255:Whydah
239:Dagbon
203:Danish
144:abusua
116:Ouidah
100:Akwamu
67:French
729:JSTOR
321:Fante
247:Akyem
243:Gonja
172:Akyem
120:Benin
47:Ghana
925:ISBN
890:ISBN
763:2007
663:2023
636:2007
605:2007
253:and
251:Adra
241:and
233:and
231:Gold
148:Guan
92:Akan
188:Osu
186:at
158:of
59:Twi
944::
923:.
919:.
826:^
811:^
749:.
723:.
705:^
685:^
653:.
622:.
596:.
585:^
118:,
65:,
61:,
933:.
898:.
765:.
735:.
725:3
679:.
665:.
638:.
607:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
