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in 1967 and 1968. In the early years of the excavation, a great deal of attention was paid towards the organization of proper facilities for the dig, including substantial workshops, laboratories built for storage, repair and treatment and areas for examination of archaeological finds. Because of the site being preserved in thick, volcanic debris, Marinatos noted that many of the buildings were preserved to a height of more than a single story, creating unique challenges for excavation. He experimented with tunnelling into the pumice, but this technique was later abandoned.
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fresco, except for a few isolated instances, and instead appears as though the painting was begun while the plaster was still wet, but as though the artist made no effort to keep it wet, and seemed content to complete the work on a dry surface. As a result, often on the same fresco, the paint has penetrated the plaster in some areas but flakes off easily in others.
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and revealed the full value of this site. Marinatos's choice of the site proved to be correct and just a few hours into the excavation, the remains of the buried city began to be discovered. The next step was to determine the extent of the city, to which it took two whole seasons devoted to the site
521:
In 1970 the Spring Fresco was uncovered in Room Delta 2. It is the first fresco to have been found perfectly preserved and still standing in its original installed position. The supporting wall of the fresco was not in the best condition and thus the fresco had to be removed immediately in order to
291:
The earliest evidence for human habitation of
Akrotiri can be traced back as early as the fifth millennium BCE when it was a small fishing and farming village. By the end of the third millennium, this community developed and expanded significantly. One factor for Akrotiri's growth may be the trade
554:
can be poured in and produce casts of parts, or even entire pieces of furniture such as beds, tables, chairs or stools. Offering tables are one of the most common finds in
Akrotiri and were either made of clay or coated with plaster, decorated in the same technique as the wall paintings, and only
308:
trade, thus allowing it to become an important centre for processing copper, as proven by the discovery of moulds and crucibles there. Akrotiri's prosperity continued for about another 500 years; paved streets, an extensive drainage system, the production of high-quality pottery and further craft
498:
All of the pigments used by the artists at
Akrotiri for painting the frescoes look as though they are mineral based and thus have resulted in the great preservation of the pieces. The colors used in Theran painting include white, yellow, red, brown, blue and black. The technique used is not true
537:
Serving a multitude of purposes, pottery can tell a great deal about the society in which it were produced. Large jars were used as containers for storage of goods, while others like stirrup jars were designed for the transportation of certain commodities. As well, there were also vessels for
533:
The excavations at
Akrotiri have produced a large variety of artifacts revealing numerous varieties of Late Cycladic (LC I) pottery from the area. Pottery is the most common and most enduring commodity in the culture of the majority of ancient societies and, thus, is of great importance to
538:
preparing and cooking food, for eating and drinking and many other diverse activities, including bathtubs, braziers, oil lamps, bee-hives, flower pots, etc. Most evidently, the shape, size and perhaps even the decoration of the vases were closely related to their use in the ancient world.
534:
archaeologists in interpreting
Ancient Greek societies. At Akrotiri, pottery is particularly abundant because of the circumstances surrounding the demise of the town, in that its sudden evacuation meant that inhabitants were only able to take their most valuable possessions with them.
506:, one of the leading restorers of Byzantine frescoes, is currently the supervisor of the Akrotiri project. The first fragments of fresco were discovered in 1968 in Sector Alpha and depict the head of an African, the head of a blue monkey and some large flying blue birds.
549:
In regards to furniture, the volcanic ash which engulfed the city often penetrated into the houses in large quantities and, in these layers of fine volcanic dust, produced negatives of the disintegrated wooden objects. Using these negatives as molds, liquid
438:), with many objects and artworks presented. Only a single gold object has been found, hidden beneath flooring, and no uninterred human skeletal remains have been found. This indicates that an orderly evacuation was performed with little or no loss of life.
517:
In 1969, the fresco of the Blue
Monkeys in Room Beta 6 was discovered and created increased excitement at the site. The rocky landscape which the monkeys are depicted climbing upon mimics the similar volcanic rocks near the site presently.
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to the parking lot of the excavations of
Akrotiri, connecting the old excavation site to the town of Akrotiri. The path was signposted and reopened in September 2012 and now regularly undergoes maintenance, thanks to international
403:
The earliest excavations on the island of
Santorini were conducted by French geologist F. Fouque in 1867 after some local people found old artifacts at a quarry. Later, in 1895–1900, the digs by German archeologist Baron
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on Mesa Vouno, which date from the archaic period, much after the Minoan eruption. Also, a little later, R. Zahn excavated in the locality of
Potamos, near Akrotiri, under the auspices of the
324:
in 1597, 1560, 1546 and 1544 BCE are consistent with a major volcanic event in any of those years. The latter three dates might be the best candidates as they are also considered possible for
312:
This all came to an end, however, in the 16th century BCE with the volcanic eruption of Thera. There is a variety of dating evidence for the eruption, but its exact year is not known.
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In
October 2018, a small shrine with a marble figurine of a woman was discovered in the "House of the Thrania" which is located near Xeste 3, where a golden goat was found in 1999.
572:. The local population has been the first supporter of this initiative and in charge of the upkeep of the path, working alongside the volunteers. The path is suitable for
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Specialized techniques were required when it was discovered early on in the excavation process that the site contained numerous well preserved fresco wall paintings.
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1182:"Trial for fatal Santorini roof collapse to begin next week: Twelve people to appear in court in connection to the death of one tourist and damage to ancient site"
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A view down onto Triangle Square in front of the West House in Akrotiri, Greece. Taken on 16 May 2001, 4 years before the 23 September 2005 roof collapse.
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places it most probably between 1620 and 1530 BCE, which is also in accord with the date range of 1570 to 1500 BCE suggested by similarities of the
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A few other frescoes including The Fisherman and the Lady from the House of Ladies have been found standing, though detached from the wall.
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909:
Pearson, Charlotte; Brewer, Peter; Brown, David; Heaton, Timothy; Hodgkins, Gregory; Jull, Timothy; Lange, Todd; Salzer, Matthew (2018).
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preserve it. Rescuing the fresco was a delicate procedure and allowed the archaeologists and restorers to develop invaluable experience.
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In 2005, a new roof structure, meant to protect the site, collapsed, just before its completion killing one visitor.
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Although, those charged with criminal negligence were charged with "damaging a monument". Staff (3 March 2011)
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and many objects and artworks. Akrotiri has been excavated since 1967 after earlier excavations on Santorini.
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Between 2005 and 2016, excavations stopped, due to lack of funding, and resumed, with sponsor support.
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sometime in the 16th century BCE and buried in volcanic ash, which preserved the remains of fine
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860:"Form Finding and Dimensioning of Reinfornced Concrete Shell Roof for Akrotiri (Santorini)"
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The miniature wall paintings of Thera : a study in Aegean culture and iconography
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specialization all point to the level of sophistication achieved by the settlement.
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911:"Annual radiocarbon record indicates 16th century BCE date for the Thera eruption"
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because they are much better preserved than those that were already known from
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Excavated artifacts have been installed in a museum distant from the site (
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Journal of the International Association for Shell and Spatial Structures
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situated on a hill nearby. The name of the site in antiquity is unknown.
1290:. Greek government, Ministry of Culture and Sports. 2012. Archived from
858:
Hawdon-Earl, Sarah; Tsavdaridis, Konstantinos Daniel (1 December 2018).
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Thera, Pompeii of the Ancient Aegean: Excavations at Akrotiri 1967-1979
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Ancient Buildings and Earthquakes: the Local Seismic Culture Approach.
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with other sites in the Aegean. Unusual growth patterns observed in
26:
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The frescoes in Akrotiri are especially important for the study of
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233:, here: northern shelving coast. Eruption of 165 ka buried it all.
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Offering table, plaster cast of a wooden 16th-century-BC original
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1207:"Santorini Excavation Brings to Light Impressive New Findings"
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Centro Universitario europeo per I beni culturali di Ravello,
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Between 2005 and April 2012, the site was closed to visitors.
1367:
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817:"Trial for fatal Santorini roof collapse to begin next week"
1430:
620:, a 1982 Randal Kleiser film with filmed scenes at Akrotiri
1334:, Akrotiri on Visit Santorini Tourist Information Website
968:"Modeling Maritime Interactions in the Aegean Bronze Age"
1487:
Populated places disestablished in the 2nd millennium BC
908:
563:
There is a path descending from the first houses of the
419:
The extensive modern excavation was started in 1967 by
1144:Άνοιξε ο αρχαιολογικός χώρος του Ακρωτηρίου Σαντορίνης
857:
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839:"Greece reopens Bronze Age site on Santorini island"
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consisted of three highly decorated legs and a top.
1108:
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612:, a village located north of the ancient settlement
328:records that are thought to refer to the eruption.
268:(Thera). The name comes from the nearby village of
49:
642:
1016:Volcanic Hazards and Disasters in Human Antiquity
1478:
1103:
966:Knappelt, Carl; Evans, Tim; Rivers, Ray (2008).
1507:Populated places in the ancient Aegean islands
1353:
904:
902:
364:styles. The excavation is named for a modern
1532:Disestablishments in the Minoan civilization
1099:. New York, New York: Thames and Hudson Inc.
759:Greeka: Travel Agency for Greece since 1999
707:"Body of tourist found after roof collapse"
391:after it, it is remarkably well-preserved.
1512:Archaeological sites on the Aegean Islands
1360:
1346:
1168:"Santorini: Dreams do Come True Sometimes"
899:
687:"Greek archaeological site roof collapses"
25:
16:Bronze age archeological site on Santorini
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801:Greeka: Travel Agency for Greece since 19
450:No damage was caused to the antiquities.
414:German Archaeological Institute at Athens
1241:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
797:"Roof of Akrotiri will soon be replaced"
606:, a ruined castle in Akrotiri, Santorini
540:
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304:also made it an important point for the
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1114:"Ancient Akrotiri reopened to visitors"
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375:in the middle of the second millennium
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457:A golden goat figurine, found in 1999.
431:took over as the head of excavations.
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1003:Thera – Pompeii of the Ancient Aegean
336:The Akrotiri excavation site is of a
248:
1368:Subdivisions of the municipality of
1097:Thera: Pompeii of the ancient Aegean
1071:
576:, hiking and many other activities.
292:relations it established with other
275:The settlement was destroyed in the
1315:. 24 September 2005. Archived from
737:. 26 September 2005. Archived from
669:. 24 September 2005. Archived from
371:Akrotiri was buried by the massive
13:
1221:
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1527:17th-century BC disestablishments
1517:Former populated places in Greece
1256:
1014:Floyd W. McCoy and Grant Heiken,
729:"Man dies in Greece ruin cave-in"
626:, one of the frescoes at Akrotiri
427:In 1975, after Marinatos' death,
775:"Akrotiri roof was 'overloaded'"
592:Panorama of Akrotiri excavation.
581:
406:Friedrich Hiller von Gaertringen
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1492:1867 archaeological discoveries
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1288:Odysseus: Archaeological Sites
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218:Layout map of Akrotiri in the
31:Excavation of Akrotiri in 2018
1:
1120:. 11 Apr 2012. Archived from
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1537:Natural disaster ghost towns
1497:Minoan sites in the Cyclades
1232:. London: Thames and Hudson.
1228:Doumas, Christos G. (1983).
1118:The Greek Island Specialists
876:10.20898/j.iass.2018.198.014
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356:, and close similarities in
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1029:The Wall Paintings of Thera
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479:Spring flowers and swallows
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436:Museum of Prehistoric Thera
260:settlement on the volcanic
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1095:Doumas, Christos (1983).
985:10.1017/S0003598X0009774X
755:"About Akrotiri accident"
383:); as a result, like the
202:Model of the excavations.
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1046:, The Modern Antiquarian
1307:"Disaster on Santorini"
1154:April 13, 2012, at the
661:"Disaster on Santorini"
630:List of Aegean Frescoes
624:Akrotiri Boxer Frescoes
471:Wall Paintings of Thera
352:due to inscriptions in
244:: Ακρωτήρι, pronounced
1237:Morgan, Lyvia (1988).
935:10.1126/sciadv.aar8241
546:
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513:Akrotiri Minoan town-2
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408:revealed the ruins of
348:, associated with the
294:cultures in the Aegean
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381:Late Minoan IA period
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181:Excavation dates
106:36.35139°N 25.40361°E
1061:Edipuglia srl, 2005
1027:Christos G. Doumas,
326:Egyptian New Kingdom
142: 5000–4001 BCE
1284:"Akrotiri of Thera"
978:(318): 1009–1024 .
927:2018SciA....4.8241P
803:. November 23, 2010
715:. 24 September 2005
693:. 24 September 2005
610:Akrotiri, Santorini
491:and other sites on
350:Minoan civilization
332:Cycladic settlement
253:) is the site of a
250:[akroˈtiri]
102: /
57:Shown within Greece
21:
1401:Municipal unit of
1377:Municipal unit of
1213:. 12 October 2018.
1150:, April 10, 2012
1040:C. Michael Hogan,
999:Christos G. Doumas
761:. October 18, 2005
604:Castle of Akrotiri
547:
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504:Tassos Margaritoff
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421:Spyridon Marinatos
340:settlement on the
314:Radiocarbon dating
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111:36.35139; 25.40361
19:
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1268:ktel-santorini.gr
783:. 12 January 2006
565:modern settlement
338:Cycladic cultural
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1270:. KTEL Buses
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1446:Megalochori
1312:Kathimerini
1264:"TimeTable"
1189:, archived
1186:Kathimerini
822:Kathimerini
780:Kathimerini
666:Kathimerini
399:Excavations
109: /
85:Coordinates
1481:Categories
1466:Vourvoulos
1441:Karterados
1436:Imerovigli
1323:3 November
1298:2007-09-02
1274:3 November
1248:0521247276
1067:8872284031
889:3 November
849:3 November
829:3 November
807:3 November
787:3 November
765:3 November
745:3 November
719:3 November
697:3 November
677:3 November
636:References
570:volunteers
485:Minoan art
469:See also:
344:island of
322:tree rings
264:island of
258:Bronze Age
220:Bronze Age
184:since 1967
176:Site notes
125:Settlement
97:25°24′13″E
94:36°21′05″N
80:Aegean sea
1502:Santorini
1426:Exo Gonia
972:Antiquity
884:135440335
529:Artifacts
387:ruins of
346:Santorini
266:Santorini
189:Condition
148:Abandoned
70:Santorini
1461:Vothonas
1416:Emporeio
1411:Akrotiri
1392:Therasia
1332:Akrotiri
1152:Archived
1043:Akrotiri
953:30116779
598:See also
465:Frescoes
393:Frescoes
358:artifact
354:Linear A
281:frescoes
270:Akrotiri
255:Cycladic
238:Akrotiri
160:Cycladic
156:Cultures
72:, Greece
66:Location
20:Akrotiri
1451:Mesaria
1195:WebCite
944:6093623
923:Bibcode
843:Reuters
489:Knossos
389:Pompeii
366:village
287:History
135:Founded
130:History
1245:
1148:Ta Nea
1128:14 May
1065:
1018:, 2000
951:
941:
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362:fresco
306:copper
298:Cyprus
246:Greek:
231:Pumice
166:Events
77:Region
1403:Thira
1370:Thira
880:S2CID
493:Crete
385:Roman
342:Greek
262:Greek
242:Greek
192:Ruins
1431:Fira
1325:2023
1276:2023
1243:ISBN
1191:here
1130:2016
1063:ISBN
949:PMID
891:2023
851:2023
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360:and
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1379:Oia
1193:by
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