132:
1030:
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979:, whose original functions remain unknown. Despite the mysteries that come with them, Cycladic frying pans offer insight into Cycladic culture through their imagery. The pan pictured in this section, as well as others that archaeologists have found, depicts a ship, which is indicative of the importance of seafaring to Cycladic peoples. This also gives us a good idea of how Cycladic ships would have been constructed. There were likely two kinds of ships, a small boat meant to be managed by one person or a very small crew, and a longboat that could support a crew of at least twenty five people.
1042:
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4639:
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484:
38:
1069:. Sites were looted and a brisk trade in forgeries arose. The context for many of these Cycladic figurines has thus been mostly destroyed; their meaning may never be completely understood as a result. It has been suggested that around 90% of the figures we know of were looted or removed from their original locations in a unscientific manner, resulting in the loss of context with which to build a proper historical narrative.
587:
571:
709:(around 1300 BC) covered the area from today's city to the islet of "Palatia." Part of it was discovered under the square in front of the Orthodox Cathedral in Chora, where the archaeological site of Grotta is located today. Naxos has been continuously inhabited since at least the fourth millennium BC. Study of the island's toponyms asserts that Naxos has never been abandoned.
1061:. Since the early 1900s, private collectors have coveted Cycladic figures and other artifacts, leading to a huge illicit trade in these items. These figures have typically been stolen from burials to satisfy the Cycladic antiquities market. This really began as collectors competed for the modern-looking figures that seemed so similar to a sculpture by
718:
older
Cycladic walls in many areas. One of the main pieces of evidence we have for this period of Cycladic history is pottery. Likewise, graves serve as a primary source of information for this period. Transitions in pottery styles have helped historians pin down a more accurate date range for the Middle Cycladic period.
743:
The chronology of
Cycladic civilization is divided into three major sequences: Early, Middle and Late Cycladic. The early period, beginning c. 3100 BC, segued into the archaeologically murkier Middle Cycladic c. 2000 BC. By the end of the Late Cycladic sequence (c. 1000 BC), there was
726:
Each of the small
Cycladic islands could support no more than a few thousand people, though Late Cycladic boat models show that crews of twenty-five oarsmen could be assembled from the scattered communities. When the highly organized palace-culture of Crete arose, the islands became relatively less
717:
Cycladic culture in the Middle Bronze age went through some geographical shifts, as archaeologists have found artifacts and communities that point towards an expansion of
Cycladic culture's influence, including on the mainland and Crete. Walls that appear to date to this period show expansion from
1072:
Between 2009 and 2010, scholars were able to meet with a man they simply identified as "the forger", and obtained inside information about the illicit process of funneling artifacts and forgeries to collectors, as well as how these forgeries were being produced. This has helped archaeologists and
751:
There is some disagreement between the dating systems used for
Cycladic civilization, one "cultural" and one "chronological". Attempts to link them lead to varying combinations. A prominent scholarly attempt to do this, as proposed by Oliver Dickinson, can be found below:
953:, who investigated burial sites on several islands in 1898–99 and coined the term "Cycladic civilization". Interest then lagged, but picked up in the mid-20th century, partially to collectors taking an interest in owning artifacts from Early Cycladic cemeteries.
961:
Pottery makes up a large part of the artifacts we have, especially in context, from
Cycladic culture. Pottery has played a large role in sectioning Cycladic chronology into different periods. This is due to shifts in style and materials over time.
974:
While there are no discovered surviving boats from this time and place, other types of archaeological finds have helped historians piece together evidence of a rich seafaring practice in
Cycladic culture. Discoveries include the Cycladic
985:
965:
Pottery was also hugely important to
Cycladic culture in the context of their maritime activities. Evidence suggests that pottery was a primary good traded to and from the Cyclades via boats, especially during the Early Cycladic period.
624:
and Early Bronze Age
Cycladic culture is best known for its schematic flat female (and, rarely, male) figurines of uncertain purpose carved out of the islands' pure white marble. It was roughly contemporaneous with the Middle Bronze Age
131:
997:
1029:
1207:
Barber, Robin L. N. Cyclades. In The Oxford
Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (Ca. 3000-1000 BC), edited by Eric H. Cline. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012.
1280:
Renfrew, Colin. Cyclades. In The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (Ca. 3000-1000 BC), edited by Eric H. Cline. New York: Oxford University Press. 2012.
1312:
Tsirogiannis, Christos, David W.J. Gill, and Christopher Chippindale. “The Forger’s Tale: an Insider’s Account of Corrupting the Corpus of Cycladic Figures.”
727:
significant. This occurred when Cycladic culture was increasingly submerged in the rising influence of Minoan Crete. Exceptions to this were Kea, Naxos and
1185:
Gratsia, Irini. “Citizen and Monument. The Case of the Greek Island of Naxos.” Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 12 no.1 (2010): 75–86.
1289:
Chippindale, Christopher, David Gill, Emily Salter, and Christian Hamilton. “Collecting the Classical World: First Steps in a Quantitative History.”
1073:
scholars to properly identify forgeries with more accuracy, as well as to trace certain artifacts back to their original locations more accurately.
991:
Collection of marble figurines of varying sizes. Early Cycladic II period, Keros-Syros Culture, 2800-2300 BC. National Archaeological Museum, Athens
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reveal an influence of Cycladic civilization upon Knossos in the period 3400 to 2000 BC as evidenced from pottery finds at Knossos.
2764:
731:; the last of these retained its archaic reputation as a sanctuary through the period of Classical Greek civilization (see
1769:
327:
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2769:
2703:
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2749:
1494:
1087:
563:
4583:
3332:
2759:
2754:
450:
430:
17:
3226:
3086:
3081:
2358:
1397:
505:
4673:
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1564:
1368:
392:
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4162:
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3171:
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2499:
435:
1223:
Jarriel, Katherine. “Across the Surface of the Sea: Maritime Interaction in the Cycladic Early Bronze Age.”
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544:. In chronological terms, it is a relative dating system for artifacts which is roughly contemporary to
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388:
358:
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3191:
3186:
2817:
2784:
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2491:
2477:
2133:
2004:
1968:
681:
Early Cycladic culture evolved in three phases, between c. 3100 and 2300 BC. Excavations at
637:
and mainland Greek elements arose in the western Aegean in the third millennium BC based on
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66:
8:
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The initial archaeological excavations of the 1880s, undertaken by antiquaries such as
263:
1361:
The miniature wall paintings of Thera : a study in Aegean culture and iconography
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141:
88:
918:* Indicates this space is left intentionally blank due to lack of scholarly data.
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that were apparently speared from small boats (Rutter). Excavated sites include
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showing major sites that were occupied in the Cycladic culture (clickable map)
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1938:
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1352:
Thera, Pompeii of the Ancient Aegean: Excavations at Akrotiri 1967-1979
1057:
Studies of Cycladic culture have faced significant difficulties due to
1007:; 1.5 m high (largest known example of Cycladic sculpture) 2800–2300 BC
694:
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533:
148:
48:
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70:
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with incised decoration of a ship. Early Cycladic II, Chalandriani,
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37:
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culture (c. 3100–c. 1000 BC) found throughout the islands of the
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2363:
2107:
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607:
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2925:
2877:
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2401:
2102:
2072:
2019:
1994:
1933:
1903:
1382:
934:
728:
706:
686:
666:
638:
633:, to the south. A distinctive Neolithic culture amalgamating
630:
593:
577:
78:
74:
1161:. Cambridge; New York, Ny: Cambridge University Press. 1994.
4527:
4502:
4452:
3939:
3929:
1020:
754:
642:
701:, which reached its height in the Late Minoan and Early
1336:. Cambridge, England; Cambridge University Press. 2000.
1112:Department of Greek and Roman Art (October 2004).
1047:Group of three figurines, Early Cycladic II period
641:and wild-type barley, sheep and goats, pigs, and
4665:
1990:
1052:
744:essential convergence between the Cycladic and
1269:The Cyclades, or Life Among the Insular Greeks
1770:
1398:
506:
1139:
1334:An Island Archaeology of the Early Cyclades
705:eras (1600–1400 BC). The Mycenaean town of
2656:
1777:
1763:
1405:
1391:
1314:International Journal of Cultural Property
1291:International Journal of Cultural Property
945:, were followed by systematic work by the
673:), which showed signs of copper-working.
513:
499:
36:
1249:The Prehistoric Archaeology of the Aegean
1142:Mycenaean Naxos, Cycladic Stydies, Book A
1363:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
969:
925:
615:
552:(Crete) during the same period of time.
1035:Marble seated harp player, 2800-2300 BC
14:
4666:
3710:
1358:
1349:
4567:
3709:
3138:
2642:
1989:
1809:
1758:
1386:
1308:
1306:
4178:Illicitanus Limin/Portus Illicitanus
1810:
1225:Journal of Mediterranean Archaeology
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1153:
1151:
1135:
1133:
1131:
712:
676:
24:
3139:
1784:
1343:
1303:
721:
697:settlement at the site now called
25:
4690:
4679:Archaeological cultures in Greece
1378:
1210:
1196:
1148:
1128:
1088:Goulandris Museum of Cycladic Art
4647:
4637:
4628:
4627:
1191:10.1179/175355210x12791900195188
1175:, The Modern Antiquarian, (2007)
1140:Kontoleontos, Nickolaou (1961).
1114:"Early Cycladic Art and Culture"
1040:
1028:
1012:
996:
984:
585:
569:
562:
482:
130:
4648:
1326:
1283:
1274:
1565:Liaoning bronze dagger culture
1412:
1261:
1238:
1179:
1164:
1105:
921:
13:
1:
2249:
2236:
2217:
2200:
1098:
738:
586:
570:
211:
195:
179:
3377:Funeral and burial practices
2562:Military of Mycenaean Greece
1615:South-Western Iberian Bronze
1354:. London: Thames and Hudson.
1350:Doumas, Christos G. (1983).
1116:. Metropolitan Museum of Art
1053:Artifact looting and forgery
861:Middle Cycladic III (MCIII)
7:
1076:
815:Early Cycladic III (ECIII)
10:
4695:
3301:Greek Revival architecture
2643:
1665:Wilburton-Wallington Phase
1316:29, no. 3 (2022): 369–85.
1245:Chronology and Terminology
956:
847:Middle Cycladic II (MCII)
757:
555:
4623:
4574:
4568:
4563:
4408:
4285:
4274:
4201:
4123:
4080:
4027:
3885:
3737:
3728:
3724:
3705:
3654:
3569:
3507:
3469:
3462:
3412:
3372:
3363:
3285:
3162:
3158:
3134:
3100:
3069:
2911:
2798:
2742:
2709:Attalid kings of Pergamon
2664:
2655:
2651:
2638:
2517:Antigonid Macedonian army
2490:
2463:
2435:
2392:
2349:
2340:
2182:
2121:
2018:
2014:
1985:
1884:
1833:
1829:
1805:
1792:
1742:
1673:
1550:Indus Valley Civilisation
1460:Armorican Tumulus culture
1430:
1420:
1322:10.1017/S0940739122000352
1299:10.1017/S0940739101771184
1227:31, no. 1 (2018): 52–76.
799:Early Cycladic II (ECII)
629:") culture that arose in
302:Frankish and Latin states
94:
84:
62:
54:
44:
35:
1293:10, no. 1 (2001): 1–31.
947:British School at Athens
831:Middle Cycladic I (MCI)
379:Second Hellenic Republic
1510:Deverel–Rimbury culture
1093:History of the Cyclades
783:Early Cycladic I (ECI)
413:Third Hellenic Republic
393:Collaborationist regime
364:First Hellenic Republic
328:Venetian Ionian Islands
2743:Artists & scholars
2658:List of ancient Greeks
2295:Second Athenian League
2144:Greco-Bactrian Kingdom
1969:Ancient Greek colonies
1359:Morgan, Lyvia (1988).
938:
548:(mainland Greece) and
4674:Cycladic civilization
3862:Sybaris on the Traeis
2587:Sacred Band of Thebes
2327:(c. 300 BC–c. 300 AD)
1841:Cycladic civilization
1258:accessed May 23, 2006
1159:The Aegean Bronze Age
970:Evidence of seafaring
929:
794:Talioti and Eutresis
693:is the location of a
616:Late Neolithic Period
530:Cycladic civilisation
3387:mythological figures
3108:Ancient Greek tribes
2233:Peloponnesian League
1580:Mumun pottery period
1332:Broodbank, Cyprian.
1267:See his travelogue,
1157:O.T.P.K. Dickinson.
1023:player, 2800-2700 BC
759:Cycladic chronology
603:class=notpageimage|
384:4th of August Regime
354:Septinsular Republic
3499:Tunnel of Eupalinos
3494:Theatre of Dionysus
3118:Ancient Macedonians
2734:Tyrants of Syracuse
2246:Amphictyonic League
1846:Minoan civilization
1575:Minoan civilization
1505:Deer stones culture
1465:Atlantic Bronze Age
1445:Aegean civilization
1067:Constantin Brâncuși
806:Keros-Syros culture
546:Helladic chronology
359:War of Independence
315:Early modern Greece
169:Helladic chronology
99:Minoan civilization
32:
4173:Menestheus's Limin
3827:Pandosia (Lucania)
3715:Greek colonisation
3077:Athenian statesmen
2838:Diogenes of Sinope
2699:Kings of Macedonia
2689:Kings of Commagene
2557:Macedonian phalanx
2537:Hellenistic armies
2285:(c. 424–c. 395 BC)
2149:Indo-Greek Kingdom
1871:Hellenistic Greece
1724:Leyla-Tepe culture
1681:and Transcaucasia)
1495:Chinese Bronze Age
1475:Bronze Age Britain
1254:2009-01-01 at the
1173:Knossos Fieldnotes
939:
264:Hellenistic Greece
58:c. 3100–c. 1000 BC
30:
27:Bronze Age culture
4661:
4660:
4619:
4618:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4551:
4550:
4125:Iberian Peninsula
4057:Lipara/Meligounis
4023:
4022:
3701:
3700:
3697:
3696:
3674:Cypriot syllabary
3565:
3564:
3474:Athenian Treasury
3458:
3457:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
2719:Ptolemaic dynasty
2679:Archons of Athens
2634:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2505:Athenian military
2486:
2485:
2319:League of Corinth
2301:Thessalian League
2277:Chalcidian League
2259:Acarnanian League
2169:Ptolemaic Kingdom
1981:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1752:
1751:
1635:Terramare culture
1590:Nordic Bronze Age
1540:Hallstatt culture
1485:Canegrate culture
1480:Bronze Age Europe
1450:Andronovo culture
1233:10.1558/jma.36810
1171:C.Michael Hogan,
951:Christos Tsountas
916:
915:
903:Late Cycladic II
889:Late Cycladic II
713:Middle Bronze Age
550:Minoan chronology
523:
522:
489:Greece portal
369:Kingdom of Greece
277:
268:
259:
250:
241:
218:
202:
186:
104:
103:
16:(Redirected from
4686:
4651:
4650:
4641:
4631:
4630:
4565:
4564:
4283:
4282:
3782:Heraclea Lucania
3735:
3734:
3726:
3725:
3707:
3706:
3467:
3466:
3399:Twelve Olympians
3370:
3369:
3160:
3159:
3136:
3135:
2724:Seleucid dynasty
2704:Kings of Paionia
2653:
2652:
2640:
2639:
2510:Scythian archers
2417:Graphe paranomon
2347:
2346:
2254:
2251:
2241:
2238:
2222:
2219:
2209:
2205:
2202:
2016:
2015:
1987:
1986:
1866:Classical Greece
1851:Mycenaean Greece
1831:
1830:
1807:
1806:
1779:
1772:
1765:
1756:
1755:
1682:
1655:Urnfield culture
1620:Srubnaya culture
1585:Mycenaean Greece
1570:Lusatian culture
1520:Ewart Park Phase
1500:Cycladic culture
1490:Catacomb culture
1455:Apennine culture
1440:Abashevo culture
1407:
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1393:
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1059:artifact looting
1044:
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988:
875:Late Cycladic I
755:
677:Early Bronze Age
669:and Kephala (on
620:The significant
589:
588:
573:
572:
566:
526:Cycladic culture
515:
508:
501:
487:
486:
485:
425:History by topic
296:Byzantine Greece
275:
266:
257:
255:Classical Greece
248:
240:(1100 BC–750 BC)
239:
216:
215: 1750–1050
213:
209:
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199: 3100–1100
197:
193:
184:
183: 3100–1000
181:
177:
162:Greek Bronze Age
142:Neolithic Greece
134:
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106:
105:
89:Neolithic Greece
40:
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31:Cycladic culture
29:
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18:Cycladic Culture
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4241:Melaina Korkyra
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4029:Aeolian Islands
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3272:Wedding customs
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3113:Thracian Greeks
3096:
3087:Olympic victors
3065:
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2729:Kings of Sparta
2714:Kings of Pontus
2684:Kings of Athens
2660:
2647:
2626:
2522:Army of Macedon
2482:
2459:
2431:
2388:
2336:
2309:(370–c. 230 BC)
2307:Arcadian League
2291:(c. 400–188 BC)
2289:Aetolian League
2283:Boeotian League
2265:Hellenic League
2252:
2239:
2229:(c. 650–404 BC)
2220:
2214:Italiote League
2207:
2203:
2197:Doric Hexapolis
2187:
2178:
2174:Seleucid Empire
2117:
2010:
2009:
1973:
1880:
1856:Greek Dark Ages
1825:
1824:
1801:
1788:
1783:
1753:
1748:
1738:
1734:Khojaly–Gadabay
1704:Shulaveri-Shomu
1680:
1679:(North Caucasus
1678:
1677:
1669:
1650:Únětice culture
1645:Tumulus culture
1560:Karasuk culture
1545:Helladic period
1535:Argaric culture
1530:Glazkov culture
1426:
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1344:Further reading
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374:National Schism
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289:Medieval Greece
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3975:Megara Hyblaea
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3333:Musical system
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2765:Mathematicians
2762:
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2674:Kings of Argos
2670:
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2534:
2532:Cretan archers
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2502:
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2331:Achaean League
2328:
2325:Euboean League
2322:
2316:
2313:Epirote League
2310:
2304:
2298:
2292:
2286:
2280:
2274:
2268:
2262:
2261:(c. 500–31 BC)
2256:
2243:
2230:
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2211:
2193:
2191:
2189:Confederations
2180:
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2110:
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1861:Archaic Greece
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1826:
1823:
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1817:
1811:
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1786:Ancient Greece
1782:
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1759:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1739:
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1736:
1731:
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1719:Maykop culture
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
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1671:
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1668:
1667:
1662:
1660:Wessex culture
1657:
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1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
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1607:
1602:
1597:
1595:Okunev culture
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1379:External links
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4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4026:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
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3948:
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3928:
3926:
3923:
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3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3890:
3888:
3884:
3878:
3875:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3730:Magna Graecia
3727:
3723:
3716:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3704:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3653:
3647:
3644:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Arcadocypriot
3602:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3568:
3558:
3557:Zeus, Olympia
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3542:Hera, Olympia
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3461:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3445:Mount Olympus
3443:
3441:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3428:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3413:Sacred places
3411:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3388:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3362:
3356:
3353:
3351:
3348:
3346:
3343:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3302:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3294:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3284:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:Olympic Games
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3227:Homosexuality
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3074:
3072:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
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3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
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2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
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2899:
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2859:
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2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
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2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2797:
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2778:
2776:
2773:
2771:
2768:
2766:
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2747:
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2741:
2735:
2732:
2730:
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2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
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2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2597:Seleucid army
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
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2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
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2520:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
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2501:
2498:
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2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
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2413:
2410:
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2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2271:Delian League
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2247:
2244:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2227:Ionian League
2225:
2215:
2212:
2208: 560 BC
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1949:Magna Graecia
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1775:
1773:
1768:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1757:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
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1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1625:Tagar culture
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1610:Samus culture
1608:
1606:
1605:Penard Period
1603:
1601:
1600:Ordos culture
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Ezero culture
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1415:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1389:
1388:
1385:
1372:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1348:
1347:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1300:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1257:
1253:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1192:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1174:
1167:
1160:
1154:
1152:
1143:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1115:
1108:
1104:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1080:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1043:
1038:
1031:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1006:
1005:Parian marble
999:
994:
987:
982:
981:
980:
978:
967:
963:
954:
952:
948:
944:
943:Theodore Bent
936:
932:
928:
919:
912:Submycenaean
911:
908:
906:1350-1000 BC
905:
902:
901:
897:
894:
892:1500-1350 BC
891:
888:
887:
883:
880:
878:1600-1500 BC
877:
874:
873:
869:
866:
864:1650-1600 BC
863:
860:
859:
855:
852:
850:1800-1650 BC
849:
846:
845:
841:
839:
836:
834:2000-1800 BC
833:
830:
829:
825:
823:
820:
818:2450-2300 BC
817:
814:
813:
809:
807:
804:
802:2700-2200 BC
801:
798:
797:
793:
791:
788:
786:3100-2900 BC
785:
782:
781:
773:
770:
767:
764:
763:
760:
756:
753:
749:
747:
736:
734:
733:Delian League
730:
719:
710:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
674:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
623:
609:
604:
595:
579:
565:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
516:
511:
509:
504:
502:
497:
496:
494:
493:
490:
480:
479:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
428:
422:
421:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
398:
394:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
351:
348:
347:Modern Greece
343:
342:
335:
332:
329:
326:
323:
320:
319:
316:
311:
310:
303:
300:
297:
294:
293:
290:
285:
284:
274:
271:
265:
262:
256:
253:
247:
244:
238:
235:
234:
231:
226:
225:
208:
205:
192:
189:
176:
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
158:
157:
150:
147:
146:
143:
138:
137:
133:
129:
128:
125:
119:
118:
113:
108:
107:
100:
97:
93:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
72:
68:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
4448:Dionysopolis
4418:Abonoteichos
4370:Pantikapaion
3960:Hybla Heraea
3296:Architecture
3252:Prostitution
2941:Aristophanes
2800:Philosophers
2770:Philosophers
2602:Spartan army
2333:(280–146 BC)
2321:(338–322 BC)
2315:(370–168 BC)
2303:(374–196 BC)
2297:(378–355 BC)
2279:(430–348 BC)
2273:(478–404 BC)
2267:(499–449 BC)
1954:Peloponnesus
1876:Roman Greece
1840:
1499:
1424:Chalcolithic
1360:
1351:
1333:
1328:
1313:
1290:
1285:
1276:
1268:
1263:
1240:
1224:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1158:
1141:
1118:. Retrieved
1107:
1083:Cycladic art
1071:
1056:
973:
964:
960:
940:
937:2800–2300 BC
917:
790:Grotta-Pelos
774:Contemporary
758:
750:
742:
725:
716:
680:
647:Chalandriani
619:
529:
525:
524:
451:Constitution
273:Roman Greece
174:
4596:Place names
4508:Salmydessus
4330:Kalos Limen
4310:Chersonesus
4300:Borysthenes
4005:Tauromenion
3817:Metapontion
3579:Proto-Greek
3532:Erechtheion
3527:Athena Nike
3489:Philippeion
3318:Mathematics
3289:and science
3172:Agriculture
3036:Stesichorus
2946:Bacchylides
2936:Archilochus
2823:Antisthenes
2813:Anaximander
2785:Seven Sages
2775:Playwrights
2755:Geographers
2750:Astronomers
2577:Pezhetairos
2204: 1100
2184:Federations
2083:Megalopolis
2020:City states
1995:City states
1699:Kura–Araxes
1630:Tarim Basin
1515:Elp culture
977:frying pans
922:Archaeology
826:Lefkandi I
431:Agriculture
397:Free Greece
121:History of
95:Followed by
85:Preceded by
63:Major sites
4668:Categories
4498:Polemonion
4375:Phanagoria
4345:Kimmerikon
4340:Kerkinitis
4325:Hermonassa
4315:Dioscurias
4211:Aspalathos
4158:Kalathousa
4133:Akra Leuke
4062:Phoenicusa
3847:Scylletium
3832:Poseidonia
3752:Brentesion
3639:Pamphylian
3634:Macedonian
3552:Samothrace
3537:Hephaestus
3484:Long Walls
3463:Structures
3404:Underworld
3350:Technology
3313:Literature
3247:Philosophy
3212:Euergetism
3101:By culture
3046:Thucydides
2888:Pythagoras
2883:Protagoras
2873:Parmenides
2858:Heraclitus
2843:Empedocles
2833:Democritus
2818:Anaximenes
2808:Anaxagoras
2760:Historians
2253: 595
2240: 550
2221: 800
2206: – c.
2134:Cappadocia
1939:Ionian Sea
1929:Hellespont
1894:Aegean Sea
1729:Jar-Burial
1675:Bronze Age
1555:Late Jomon
1432:Bronze Age
1414:Bronze Age
1370:0521247276
1099:References
931:Frying-pan
810:Lerna III
739:Chronology
699:Ayia Irini
695:Bronze Age
542:Aegean Sea
534:Bronze Age
149:Pelasgians
49:Bronze Age
4584:in Epirus
4533:Trapezous
4478:Mesambria
4463:Eupatoria
4433:Apollonia
4428:Anchialos
4390:Theodosia
4360:Nymphaion
4350:Myrmekion
4320:Gorgippia
4276:Black Sea
4261:Tragurion
4246:Nymphaion
4231:Epidauros
4226:Epidamnos
4216:Apollonia
4193:Zacynthos
4115:Ptolemais
4109:Apollonia
4082:Cyrenaica
4072:TherassĂa
4067:Strongyle
4047:Ereikousa
3970:Leontinoi
3910:Apollonia
3787:Hipponion
3584:Mycenaean
3547:Parthenon
3479:Lion Gate
3382:Mythology
3345:Sculpture
3308:Astronomy
3242:Pederasty
3217:Festivals
3202:Education
3082:Lawgivers
3051:Timocreon
3031:Sophocles
3026:Simonides
3001:Philocles
2996:Panyassis
2991:Mimnermus
2956:Herodotus
2951:Euripides
2921:Aeschylus
2868:Leucippus
2828:Aristotle
2607:Strategos
2473:Synedrion
2427:Ostracism
2407:Areopagus
2359:Free city
2154:Macedonia
2038:Byzantion
1944:Macedonia
1909:Cyrenaica
1886:Geography
1820:Geography
1640:Trzciniec
838:Phylakopi
703:Mycenaean
651:Phylakopi
635:Anatolian
461:Ethnonyms
403:Civil War
71:Phylakopi
4633:Category
4611:Theatres
4538:Tripolis
4473:Kerasous
4468:Heraclea
4400:Tyritake
4355:Nikonion
4266:Thronion
4188:Salauris
4143:Emporion
4100:Berenice
4090:Balagrae
4042:Euonymos
4015:Tyndaris
4000:Syracuse
3995:Selinous
3965:Kamarina
3920:Casmenae
3905:Akrillai
3822:Neápolis
3757:Caulonia
3738:Mainland
3669:Linear B
3664:Linear A
3594:Dialects
3571:Language
3365:Religion
3323:Medicine
3257:Religion
3222:Folklore
3207:Emporium
3182:Clothing
3177:Calendar
3061:Xenophon
3056:Tyrtaeus
3041:Theognis
3016:Polybius
3011:Plutarch
2986:Menander
2966:Hipponax
2893:Socrates
2848:Epicurus
2694:Diadochi
2592:Sciritae
2552:Hetairoi
2527:Ballista
2492:Military
2455:Gerousia
2445:Ekklesia
2412:Ecclesia
2394:Athenian
2342:Politics
2255:–279 BC)
2242:–366 BC)
2223:–389 BC)
2159:Pergamon
2129:Bithynia
2122:Kingdoms
2063:Pergamon
2005:Military
2000:Politics
1797:Timeline
1746:Iron Age
1714:Trialeti
1709:Colchian
1252:Archived
1077:See also
1063:Jean Arp
778:culture
776:mainland
771:Culture
659:Saliagos
538:Cyclades
532:) was a
471:Military
466:Language
436:Alphabet
207:Mycenean
175:Cycladic
112:a series
110:Part of
4653:Outline
4606:Temples
4543:Zaliche
4523:Thèrmae
4513:Sesamus
4483:Odessos
4458:Cytorus
4453:Cotyora
4203:Illyria
4168:Mainake
4163:Kypsela
4052:Hycesia
4010:Thermae
3990:Segesta
3980:Messana
3935:Helorus
3915:Calacte
3895:Akragas
3857:Sybaris
3842:Rhegion
3797:Krimisa
3747:Alision
3656:Writing
3629:Locrian
3619:Epirote
3589:Homeric
3522:Artemis
3509:Temples
3450:Olympia
3420:Eleusis
3355:Theatre
3340:Pottery
3267:Warfare
3262:Slavery
3197:Economy
3192:Cuisine
3187:Coinage
3164:Society
3149:Culture
3144:Society
3092:Tyrants
2931:Alcaeus
2913:Authors
2863:Hypatia
2853:Gorgias
2790:Writers
2612:Toxotai
2582:Sarissa
2572:Peltast
2567:Phalanx
2547:Hoplite
2542:Hippeis
2465:Macedon
2437:Spartan
2422:Heliaia
2369:Proxeny
2078:Larissa
2073:Kerkyra
2068:Eretria
2058:Miletus
2053:Ephesus
2048:Corinth
2043:Chalcis
1964:Taurica
1834:Periods
1815:History
1120:24 June
957:Pottery
949:and by
683:Knossos
663:Amorgos
655:Skarkos
606:Map of
556:History
540:in the
456:Economy
4643:Portal
4591:People
4579:Cities
4518:Sinope
4503:Rhizos
4493:Phasis
4443:Bathus
4438:Athina
4423:Amisos
4385:Tanais
4380:Pityus
4305:Charax
4256:Pharos
4251:Orikon
4148:Helike
4138:Alonis
4105:Cyrene
4037:Didyme
3950:Himera
3925:Catana
3887:Sicily
3877:Thurii
3872:Terina
3837:Pixous
3792:Hydrus
3767:Croton
3599:Aeolic
3517:Aphaea
3440:Dodona
3425:Delphi
3394:Temple
3070:Others
3021:Sappho
3006:Pindar
2981:Lucian
2976:Ibycus
2961:Hesiod
2898:Thales
2666:Rulers
2645:People
2622:Xyston
2617:Xiphos
2478:Koinon
2384:Tyrant
2374:Stasis
2364:Koinon
2164:Pontus
2139:Epirus
2108:Sparta
2098:Rhodes
2093:Megara
2088:Thebes
2033:Athens
1959:Pontus
1924:Epirus
1914:Cyprus
1899:Aeolis
1689:Kurgan
1367:
822:Kastri
765:Phase
746:Minoan
627:Minoan
608:Greece
446:Church
191:Minoan
123:Greece
114:on the
45:Period
4601:Stoae
4569:Lists
4488:Oinòe
4411:coast
4409:South
4395:Tyras
4365:Olbia
4335:Kepoi
4288:coast
4286:North
4279:basin
4221:Aulon
4183:Rhode
4095:Barca
3985:Naxos
3940:Henna
3900:Akrai
3867:Taras
3852:Siris
3812:Medma
3807:Locri
3772:Cumae
3762:Chone
3740:Italy
3646:Koine
3624:Ionic
3614:Doric
3609:Attic
3430:Delos
3328:Music
2971:Homer
2926:Aesop
2878:Plato
2780:Poets
2450:Ephor
2402:Agora
2379:Tagus
2354:Boule
2103:Samos
2028:Argos
1934:Ionia
1919:Doris
1904:Crete
1694:Koban
935:Syros
768:Date
729:Delos
707:Naxos
687:Crete
667:Naxos
639:emmer
631:Crete
594:Syros
578:Keros
79:Syros
75:Keros
55:Dates
4528:Tium
4295:Akra
4236:Issa
3930:Gela
3802:LaĂĽs
3777:Elea
3435:Dion
3287:Arts
3277:Wine
2903:Zeno
2500:Wars
1470:BMAC
1365:ISBN
1122:2022
1021:harp
643:tuna
3232:Law
1318:doi
1295:doi
1247:of
1229:doi
1187:doi
1065:or
735:).
691:Kea
685:on
671:Kea
441:Art
217:BC)
201:BC)
185:BC)
4670::
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2237:c.
2218:c.
2201:c.
1744:↓
1422:↑
1305:^
1212:^
1198:^
1150:^
1130:^
909:*
898:*
895:*
884:*
881:*
870:*
867:*
856:*
853:*
842:*
665:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
649:,
625:("
395:,
212:c.
196:c.
180:c.
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1235:.
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