453:
2340:
426:
445:
810:
998:
209:
466:. Although the pressure changes with the weather, NASA has averaged the conditions for all parts of the earth year-round. As altitude increases, atmospheric pressure decreases. One can calculate the atmospheric pressure at a given altitude. Temperature and humidity also affect the atmospheric pressure. Pressure is proportional to temperature and inversely related to humidity, and both of these are necessary to compute an accurate figure. The graph
229:
1125:
217:
497:
1075:(101.325 kPa or 14.7 psi) is also the pressure caused by the weight of a column of freshwater of approximately 10.3 m (33.8 ft). Thus, a diver 10.3 m underwater experiences a pressure of about 2 atmospheres (1 atm of air plus 1 atm of water). Conversely, 10.3 m is the maximum height to which water can be raised using
805:{\displaystyle {\begin{aligned}p&=p_{0}\cdot \left(1-{\frac {L\cdot h}{T_{0}}}\right)^{\frac {g\cdot M}{R_{0}\cdot L}}\\&=p_{0}\cdot \left(1-{\frac {g\cdot h}{c_{\text{p}}\cdot T_{0}}}\right)^{\frac {c_{\text{p}}\cdot M}{R_{0}}}\approx p_{0}\cdot \exp \left(-{\frac {g\cdot h\cdot M}{T_{0}\cdot R_{0}}}\right)\end{aligned}}}
199:
Atmospheric pressure is caused by the gravitational attraction of the planet on the atmospheric gases above the surface and is a function of the mass of the planet, the radius of the surface, and the amount and composition of the gases and their vertical distribution in the atmosphere. It is modified
296:
SLP, which is adjusted to sea level by a different method, in the remarks section, not in the internationally transmitted part of the code, in hectopascals or millibars. However, in Canada's public weather reports, sea level pressure is instead reported in kilopascals.
300:
In the US weather code remarks, three digits are all that are transmitted; decimal points and the one or two most significant digits are omitted: 1,013.2 hPa (14.695 psi) is transmitted as 132; 1,000 hPa (100 kPa) is transmitted as 000;
456:
This plastic bottle was sealed at approximately 4,300 metres (14,000 ft) altitude, and was crushed by the increase in atmospheric pressure, recorded at 2,700 metres (9,000 ft) and 300 metres (1,000 ft), as it was brought down towards sea
1147:. A rough approximation of elevation can be obtained by measuring the temperature at which water boils; in the mid-19th century, this method was used by explorers. Conversely, if one wishes to evaporate a liquid at a lower temperature, for example in
1044:
E, elevation: 261 m, 856 ft) on 31 December 1968 of 1,083.8 hPa (32.005 inHg). The discrimination is due to the problematic assumptions (assuming a standard lapse rate) associated with reduction of sea level from high elevations.
388:
The average value of surface pressure on Earth is 985 hPa. This is in contrast to mean sea-level pressure, which involves the extrapolation of pressure to sea level for locations above or below sea level. The average pressure at mean sea level
124:
increases, there is less overlying atmospheric mass, so atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing elevation. Because the atmosphere is thin relative to the Earth's radius—especially the dense atmospheric layer at low altitudes—the Earth's
1460:
400:
Pressure (P), mass (m), and acceleration due to gravity (g) are related by P = F/A = (m*g)/A, where A is the surface area. Atmospheric pressure is thus proportional to the weight per unit area of the atmospheric mass above that location.
1020:. This effect is strongest in tropical zones, with an amplitude of a few hectopascals, and almost zero in polar areas. These variations have two superimposed cycles, a circadian (24 h) cycle, and a semi-circadian (12 h) cycle.
1142:
is equal to the atmospheric pressure around the liquid. Because of this, the boiling point of liquids is lower at lower pressure and higher at higher pressure. Cooking at high elevations, therefore, requires adjustments to recipes or
1184:, using barometric pressure, was able to confirm Maskelyne's height determinations, the agreement being to be within one meter (3.28 feet). This method became and continues to be useful for survey work and map making.
1167:
An important application of the knowledge that atmospheric pressure varies directly with altitude was in determining the height of hills and mountains, thanks to reliable pressure measurement devices. In 1774,
461:
Pressure on Earth varies with the altitude of the surface, so air pressure on mountains is usually lower than air pressure at sea level. Pressure varies smoothly from the Earth's surface to the top of the
1457:
1506:
1214: – Injury caused by external fluid pressure – physical damage to body tissues caused by a difference in pressure between an air space inside or beside the body and the surrounding gas or liquid.
502:
1250: – Atmospheric model, a tabulation of typical variations of principal thermodynamic variables of the atmosphere (pressure, density, temperature, etc.) with altitude, at middle latitudes.
1437:
1681:
1598:
1899:
321:
above 1,050 hPa (15.2 psi; 31 inHg), with record highs close to 1,085 hPa (15.74 psi; 32.0 inHg). The lowest measurable
1108: psi (3.4 kPa; 34 mbar), which is approximately 14 w.g. Similar metric units with a wide variety of names and notation based on
1732:
1368:
1028:
The highest adjusted-to-sea level barometric pressure ever recorded on Earth (above 750 meters) was 1,084.8 hPa (32.03 inHg) measured in
478:
At low altitudes above sea level, the pressure decreases by about 1.2 kPa (12 hPa) for every 100 metres. For higher altitudes within the
1571:
1421:
129:
as a function of altitude can be approximated as constant and contributes little to this fall-off. Pressure measures force per unit area, with
1059:
The lowest non-tornadic atmospheric pressure ever measured was 870 hPa (0.858 atm; 25.69 inHg), set on 12 October 1979, during
1712:
1525:
1052:, the lowest place on Earth at 430 metres (1,410 ft) below sea level, has a correspondingly high typical atmospheric pressure of 1,065
1833:
1545:
200:
by the planetary rotation and local effects such as wind velocity, density variations due to temperature and variations in composition.
1398:
1814:
1819:
410:
1892:
1483:
452:
2041:
1063:
in the western
Pacific Ocean. The measurement was based on an instrumental observation made from a reconnaissance aircraft.
1032:
on 19 December 2001. The highest adjusted-to-sea level barometric pressure ever recorded (below 750 meters) was at Agata in
1004:
on 19 October 2005. The pressure in the eye of the storm was 882 hPa (12.79 psi) at the time the image was taken.
1138:
at 100 °C (212 °F) at earth's standard atmospheric pressure. The boiling point is the temperature at which the
1685:
1235:
220:
15-year average mean sea-level pressure for June, July, and August (top) and
December, January, and February (bottom).
2061:
1885:
1800:
1431:
1347:
1338:
1247:
394:
346:
248:. This is the atmospheric pressure normally given in weather reports on radio, television, and newspapers or on the
2209:
1844:
Calculator giving standard air pressure at a specified altitude, or altitude at which a pressure would be standard
1056:
hPa. A below-sea-level surface pressure record of 1,081.8 hPa (31.95 inHg) was set on 21 February 1961.
2256:
1576:, World Meteorological Organization's World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive, 1968-12-31, archived from
1550:, World Meteorological Organization's World Weather & Climate Extremes Archive, 2001-12-19, archived from
1503:
105:
atmospheric pressure on Earth; that is, the Earth's atmospheric pressure at sea level is approximately 1 atm.
2360:
2088:
2056:
2003:
1629:
130:
1873:
Test showing a can being crushed after boiling water inside it, then moving it into a tub of ice-cold water.
1848:
1599:"Rehabilitation of hypoxemic patients with COPD at low altitude at the Dead Sea, the lowest place on earth"
17:
2317:
1522:
420:
276:
is transmitted around the world in hectopascals or millibars (1 hectopascal = 1 millibar), except in the
1738:
1360:
2330:
2251:
2008:
1288:
126:
61:
2231:
2165:
1993:
1577:
375:
1098:(inches water) gauge. A typical gas-using residential appliance in the US is rated for a maximum of
2344:
2098:
1950:
1863:
1860:
1109:
448:
Variation in atmospheric pressure with altitude, computed for 15 °C and 0% relative humidity.
2299:
2221:
1706:
1315:
1173:
2153:
2113:
2066:
2051:
2033:
1180:
mountain in
Scotland, and he needed to measure elevations on the mountain's sides accurately.
1033:
977:
98:
2200:
2093:
2083:
2046:
1597:
Kramer, MR; Springer C; Berkman N; Glazer M; Bublil M; Bar-Yishay E; Godfrey S (March 1998).
1551:
1029:
117:
80:
1262: – Interdisciplinary scientific study of the atmosphere focusing on weather forecasting
2246:
2148:
2143:
2108:
1767:
1283:
1217:
1016:. Atmospheric pressure shows a diurnal or semidiurnal (twice-daily) cycle caused by global
1872:
1758:
Berberan-Santos, M. N.; Bodunov, E. N.; Pogliani, L. (1997). "On the barometric formula".
1390:
8:
2241:
2226:
1200:
1113:
1008:
Atmospheric pressure varies widely on Earth, and these changes are important in studying
430:
173:
153:(cm), measured from the mean (average) sea level to the top of Earth's atmosphere, has a
57:
1771:
268:
is 1,013.25 hPa (29.921 inHg; 760.00 mmHg). In aviation weather reports (
2013:
1655:
1241:
1205:
483:
416:
425:
2294:
2190:
2078:
1920:
1796:
1621:
1427:
1343:
1253:
1156:
1072:
1017:
289:
257:
221:
1877:
1268:, an empirical, global reference atmospheric model of the Earth from ground to space
444:
1775:
1613:
1477:
1144:
326:
1945:
1843:
1529:
1510:
1464:
1294:
1169:
1139:
1001:
438:
87:
2236:
1839:
Calculator using multiple units and properties for the 1976 Standard
Atmosphere
1271:
1229:
1194:
245:
109:
102:
2354:
2018:
1677:
1673:
1128:
1087:
475:
was developed for a temperature of 15 °C and a relative humidity of 0%.
314:
277:
184:
138:
134:
69:
65:
30:"Air pressure" redirects here. For the pressure of air in other systems, see
1617:
345:
This section is about the atmospheric surface pressure. For other uses, see
2195:
2170:
2103:
1980:
1177:
1148:
176:/m (101 kilopascals, kPa). A column of air with a cross-sectional area of 1
108:
In most circumstances, atmospheric pressure is closely approximated by the
1838:
1625:
149:
N/m). On average, a column of air with a cross-sectional area of 1 square
2284:
2123:
2023:
1265:
1259:
1181:
1152:
1083:
1060:
997:
479:
1659:
1232:– an aluminium can is crushed by the atmospheric pressure surrounding it
2289:
2261:
2175:
1970:
1955:
1935:
1223:
1211:
463:
411:
Blaise Pascal § First atmospheric pressure vs. altitude experiment
208:
150:
73:
397:) is 1,013.25 hPa, or 1 atmosphere (atm), or 29.92 inches of mercury.
2131:
1960:
1940:
1925:
1867:
1678:"Subject: E1), Which is the most intense tropical cyclone on record?"
1124:
390:
380:
233:
228:
121:
49:
1779:
2309:
2271:
2185:
1930:
1277:
1208: – Formula used to model how air pressure varies with altitude
1049:
249:
158:
53:
31:
292:(to two decimal places). The United States and Canada also report
2180:
1828:
1596:
1135:
1076:
1013:
1009:
434:
360:
330:
310:
166:
364:
281:
216:
113:
1757:
1646:
Court, Arnold (1969). "Improbable
Pressure Extreme: 1070 Mb".
1297: – Latitudes 30–35 degrees north and south of the Equator
1988:
1238: – Environmental effects on physiology and mental health
1220: – Process to maintain internal air pressure in aircraft
356:
285:
269:
162:
142:
1532:
by
Portland State Aerospace Society, 2004, accessed 05032011
64:(symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure defined as 101,325
1965:
1823:
368:
154:
1829:
Source code and equations for the 1976 Standard
Atmosphere
1066:
1998:
1834:
A mathematical model of the 1976 U.S. Standard
Atmosphere
1256: – Area with air pressures lower than adjacent areas
273:
27:
Static pressure exerted by the weight of the atmosphere
1573:
World: Highest Sea Level Air
Pressure Below 750 m
1547:
World: Highest Sea Level Air
Pressure Above 750 m
1197: – Mass per unit volume of the Earth's atmosphere
2328:
1907:
1151:, the atmospheric pressure may be lowered by using a
500:
1794:
Map of a Nation – a Biography of the Ordnance Survey
1682:
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory
1523:
A quick derivation relating altitude to air pressure
261:in aviation is an atmospheric pressure adjustment.
804:
374:For numerical reasons, atmospheric models such as
1274: – Chamber containing a fluid under pressure
2352:
1861:Movies on atmospheric pressure experiments from
1849:Calculate pressure from altitude and vice versa
1648:Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society
1244: – Region with higher atmospheric pressure
337:of 870 hPa (12.6 psi; 26 inHg).
212:Map showing atmospheric pressure in mbar or hPa
1868:HyperPhysics website – requires QuickTime
1540:
1538:
1893:
1815:Current map of global mean sea-level pressure
1672:
1291: – Unit of pressure defined as 101325 Pa
355:is the atmospheric pressure at a location on
169:, resulting in a pressure of 10.1 N/cm or 101
2042:Convective available potential energy (CAPE)
1226: – Low-pressure voids formed in liquids
437:), showing clouds formed on the mountain by
393:) in the International Standard Atmosphere (
305:hPa is transmitted as 987; etc. The highest
101:. The atm unit is roughly equivalent to the
1535:
1397:. University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
1361:"atmospheric pressure (encyclopedic entry)"
1335:International Civil Aviation Organization.
1119:
1900:
1886:
378:(GCMs) usually predict the nondimensional
203:
1174:confirming Newton's theory of gravitation
1737:, Crisco.com, 2010-09-30, archived from
1391:"Q & A: Pressure – Gravity Matters?"
1123:
996:
940:Earth-surface gravitational acceleration
451:
443:
424:
227:
215:
207:
1162:
1079:under standard atmospheric conditions.
1067:Measurement based on the depth of water
855:Sea level standard atmospheric pressure
367:). It is directly proportional to the
14:
2353:
1280: – Force distributed over an area
1116:or metres are now less commonly used.
244:(MSLP) is the atmospheric pressure at
1881:
1645:
1504:Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry
1496:
1423:Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry
1419:
1401:from the original on 28 February 2018
1371:from the original on 28 February 2018
404:
1688:from the original on 6 December 2010
1666:
1342:, Doc 7488-CD, Third Edition, 1993.
180:in would have a weight of about 14.7
2004:Convective condensation level (CCL)
1513:. Princeton University Press, 1999.
1329:
814:The values in these equations are:
340:
72:), which is equivalent to 1,013.25
24:
2210:Equivalent potential temperature (
1236:Effects of high altitude on humans
1086:lines, are sometimes specified in
992:
232:Kollsman-type barometric aircraft
25:
2372:
2062:Conditional symmetric instability
1908:Meteorological data and variables
1808:
1711:, Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu,
1248:International Standard Atmosphere
347:Surface pressure (disambiguation)
187:, resulting in a pressure of 14.7
2338:
2009:Lifting condensation level (LCL)
120:above the measurement point. As
1994:Cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)
1786:
1751:
1725:
1715:from the original on 2017-09-14
1699:
1639:
1590:
1564:
1486:from the original on 2014-03-30
1440:from the original on 2021-10-01
903:Constant-pressure specific heat
486:) relates atmospheric pressure
2257:Wet-bulb potential temperature
2099:Level of free convection (LFC)
1854:
1516:
1470:
1451:
1426:. Princeton University Press.
1413:
1383:
1353:
1308:
923:Sea level standard temperature
482:, the following equation (the
13:
1:
2300:Pressure-gradient force (PGF)
2222:Sea surface temperature (SST)
2057:Convective momentum transport
1302:
2114:Bulk Richardson number (BRN)
334:
194:
7:
2318:Maximum potential intensity
2084:Free convective layer (FCL)
2047:Convective inhibition (CIN)
1760:American Journal of Physics
1187:
836:Height above mean sea level
421:Vertical pressure variation
371:of air over that location.
325:is found at the centres of
10:
2377:
2252:Wet-bulb globe temperature
2109:Maximum parcel level (MPL)
1289:Standard atmosphere (unit)
1023:
872:Temperature lapse rate, =
414:
408:
376:general circulation models
344:
165:or "weight" of about 10.1
127:gravitational acceleration
29:
2308:
2270:
2232:Thermodynamic temperature
2166:Forest fire weather index
2122:
2032:
1979:
1913:
1420:Jacob, Daniel J. (1999).
429:A very local storm above
2154:Equivalent temperature (
2067:Convective temperature (
1951:Surface weather analysis
1864:Georgia State University
1820:1976 Standard Atmosphere
1482:, CBC Montreal, Canada,
1479:Montreal Current Weather
1339:ICAO Standard Atmosphere
1120:Boiling point of liquids
1094:(water column) gauge or
288:where it is reported in
2201:Potential temperature (
1946:Surface solar radiation
1618:10.1378/chest.113.3.571
1090:, typically written as
1082:Low pressures, such as
242:mean sea-level pressure
204:Mean sea-level pressure
2191:Relative humidity (RH)
2079:Equilibrium level (EL)
2052:Convective instability
1131:
1034:Evenk Autonomous Okrug
1030:Tosontsengel, Mongolia
1005:
978:Universal gas constant
806:
458:
449:
441:
237:
225:
213:
1734:High Altitude Cooking
1395:Department of Physics
1127:
1000:
957:Molar mass of dry air
807:
455:
447:
428:
415:Further information:
231:
219:
211:
2361:Atmospheric pressure
2280:Atmospheric pressure
2247:Wet-bulb temperature
2149:Dry-bulb temperature
2144:Dew point depression
1458:Sample METAR of CYVR
1284:Pressure measurement
1218:Cabin pressurization
1163:Measurement and maps
498:
110:hydrostatic pressure
38:Atmospheric pressure
2242:Virtual temperature
2227:Temperature anomaly
1921:Adiabatic processes
1772:1997AmJPh..65..404B
1365:National Geographic
1201:Atmosphere of Earth
1195:Atmospheric density
383:of surface pressure
309:on Earth occurs in
62:standard atmosphere
58:atmosphere of Earth
46:barometric pressure
2014:Precipitable water
1528:2011-09-28 at the
1509:2020-07-25 at the
1463:2019-05-25 at the
1316:"Statement (2001)"
1242:High-pressure area
1206:Barometric formula
1132:
1006:
802:
800:
484:barometric formula
459:
450:
442:
417:Barometric formula
405:Altitude variation
323:sea-level pressure
319:sea-level pressure
307:sea-level pressure
294:sea-level pressure
266:sea-level pressure
238:
226:
214:
2345:Underwater diving
2326:
2325:
2295:Pressure gradient
2104:Lifted index (LI)
1502:Jacob, Daniel J.
1254:Low-pressure area
1157:rotary evaporator
1018:atmospheric tides
990:
989:
791:
714:
694:
677:
660:
601:
563:
341:Surface pressure
327:tropical cyclones
290:inches of mercury
258:altimeter setting
16:(Redirected from
2368:
2343:
2342:
2341:
2334:
1902:
1895:
1888:
1879:
1878:
1803:
1792:Hewitt, Rachel,
1790:
1784:
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1749:
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1729:
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1703:
1697:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1643:
1637:
1636:
1634:
1628:. Archived from
1603:
1594:
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1381:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1357:
1351:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1323:
1312:
1145:pressure cooking
1107:
1106:
1102:
1055:
1043:
1039:
1036:, Russia (66°53'
985:
963:
946:
929:
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582:
571:
569:
565:
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562:
561:
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541:
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523:
474:
473:
470:
353:Surface pressure
317:often attains a
304:
190:
183:
179:
172:
148:
97:
91:
86:
79:
40:, also known as
21:
2376:
2375:
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2365:
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2349:
2339:
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2266:
2216:
2160:
2138:
2118:
2073:
2028:
1975:
1909:
1906:
1857:
1811:
1806:
1791:
1787:
1780:10.1119/1.18555
1756:
1752:
1744:
1742:
1731:
1730:
1726:
1718:
1716:
1708:Vapour Pressure
1705:
1704:
1700:
1691:
1689:
1671:
1667:
1644:
1640:
1632:
1601:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1581:
1570:
1569:
1565:
1557:
1555:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1530:Wayback Machine
1521:
1517:
1511:Wayback Machine
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1465:Wayback Machine
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1321:
1319:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1295:Horse latitudes
1190:
1165:
1140:vapour pressure
1122:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1088:inches of water
1069:
1053:
1041:
1037:
1026:
1002:Hurricane Wilma
995:
993:Local variation
983:
974:
961:
944:
927:
920:
907:
900:
887:
882:
859:
852:
839:
799:
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439:orographic lift
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302:
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2237:Vapor pressure
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1809:External links
1807:
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1785:
1766:(5): 404–412.
1750:
1724:
1698:
1676:(2010-04-21).
1665:
1638:
1635:on 2013-10-29.
1612:(3): 571–575.
1589:
1563:
1534:
1515:
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1469:
1450:
1432:
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1382:
1352:
1337:Manual of the
1328:
1306:
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1301:
1299:
1298:
1292:
1286:
1281:
1275:
1272:Plenum chamber
1269:
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1230:Collapsing can
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431:Snæfellsjökull
406:
403:
342:
339:
246:mean sea level
205:
202:
196:
193:
157:of about 1.03
137:(1 pascal = 1
112:caused by the
103:mean sea-level
26:
9:
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2290:Barotropicity
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2019:Precipitation
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
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1801:1-84708-098-7
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1761:
1754:
1741:on 2012-09-07
1740:
1736:
1735:
1728:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1687:
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1679:
1675:
1674:Chris Landsea
1669:
1661:
1657:
1654:(4): 248–50.
1653:
1649:
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1619:
1615:
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1607:
1600:
1593:
1580:on 2013-05-14
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1129:Boiling water
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316:
315:Siberian High
312:
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298:
295:
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279:
278:United States
275:
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161:and exerts a
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93:
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59:
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39:
33:
19:
2279:
2211:
2202:
2196:Mixing ratio
2171:Haines Index
2155:
2133:
2068:
1981:Condensation
1793:
1788:
1763:
1759:
1753:
1743:, retrieved
1739:the original
1733:
1727:
1717:, retrieved
1707:
1701:
1690:. Retrieved
1668:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1630:the original
1609:
1605:
1592:
1582:, retrieved
1578:the original
1572:
1566:
1556:, retrieved
1552:the original
1546:
1518:
1498:
1488:, retrieved
1478:
1472:
1453:
1442:. Retrieved
1422:
1415:
1403:. Retrieved
1394:
1385:
1373:. Retrieved
1364:
1355:
1336:
1331:
1320:. Retrieved
1310:
1178:Schiehallion
1166:
1149:distillation
1133:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1070:
1058:
1047:
1027:
1007:
969:
952:
935:
915:
895:
877:
873:
867:
847:
831:
813:
491:
490:to altitude
487:
477:
469:on the right
460:
399:
387:
379:
373:
359:'s surface (
352:
351:
322:
318:
313:, where the
306:
299:
293:
265:
263:
256:
254:
241:
239:
224:re-analysis.
198:
107:
45:
42:air pressure
41:
37:
36:
18:Air Pressure
2285:Baroclinity
2132:Dew point (
2124:Temperature
2024:Water vapor
1855:Experiments
1405:28 February
1375:28 February
1266:NRLMSISE-00
1260:Meteorology
1182:William Roy
1153:vacuum pump
1134:Pure water
1114:centimetres
1110:millimetres
1084:natural gas
1061:Typhoon Tip
982:8.314462618
906:1,004.68506
883:for dry air
823:Description
480:troposphere
141:per square
94:, or 14.696
56:within the
48:(after the
2262:Wind chill
2176:Heat index
2034:Convection
1971:Wind shear
1956:Visibility
1936:Lapse rate
1745:2012-10-17
1719:2012-10-17
1692:2010-11-23
1584:2013-04-15
1558:2013-04-15
1490:2014-03-30
1467:Nav Canada
1444:2020-10-15
1322:2022-03-19
1303:References
1224:Cavitation
1212:Barotrauma
1176:at and on
1155:, as in a
1073:atmosphere
986:J/(mol·K)
960:0.02896968
464:mesosphere
409:See also:
335:record low
151:centimetre
52:), is the
1961:Vorticity
1941:Lightning
1926:Advection
1170:Maskelyne
1040:N, 93°28'
910:J/(kg·K)
886:~ 0.00976
820:Parameter
778:⋅
760:⋅
754:⋅
745:−
737:
731:⋅
718:≈
698:⋅
664:⋅
646:⋅
637:−
625:⋅
595:⋅
577:⋅
547:⋅
538:−
526:⋅
381:logarithm
333:, with a
331:tornadoes
234:altimeter
195:Mechanism
122:elevation
83:, 29.9212
74:millibars
50:barometer
2355:Category
2310:Velocity
2272:Pressure
2186:Humidity
2089:Helicity
1931:Buoyancy
1713:archived
1686:Archived
1660:26252600
1526:Archived
1507:Archived
1484:archived
1461:Archived
1438:Archived
1399:Archived
1369:Archived
1278:Pressure
1188:See also
1050:Dead Sea
264:Average
250:Internet
191:lbf/in.
159:kilogram
131:SI units
54:pressure
32:Pressure
2181:Humidex
2094:K Index
1914:General
1768:Bibcode
1626:9515826
1103:⁄
1077:suction
1024:Records
1014:climate
1010:weather
964:kg/mol
943:9.80665
858:101,325
435:Iceland
361:terrain
311:Siberia
167:newtons
135:pascals
2331:Portal
1799:
1658:
1624:
1430:
1346:
1318:. BIPM
1054:
1042:
1038:
984:
962:
945:
928:
926:288.16
908:
888:
860:
840:
826:Value
457:level.
365:oceans
303:
284:, and
282:Canada
222:ERA-15
189:
182:
178:
171:
147:
139:newton
114:weight
96:
90:
88:inches
85:
78:
60:. The
1989:Cloud
1822:from
1656:JSTOR
1633:(PDF)
1606:Chest
1602:(PDF)
1136:boils
472:above
357:Earth
301:998.7
286:Japan
270:METAR
163:force
143:metre
81:mm Hg
76:, 760
1966:Wind
1824:NASA
1797:ISBN
1622:PMID
1428:ISBN
1407:2018
1377:2018
1344:ISBN
1172:was
1096:w.g.
1092:w.c.
1071:One
1048:The
1012:and
947:m/s
890:K/m
419:and
369:mass
363:and
329:and
255:The
240:The
155:mass
1999:Fog
1866:'s
1776:doi
1614:doi
1610:113
862:Pa
734:exp
395:ISA
391:MSL
274:QNH
272:),
185:lbf
145:, 1
133:of
118:air
116:of
99:psi
70:hPa
44:or
2357::
1774:.
1764:65
1762:.
1684:.
1680:.
1652:50
1650:.
1620:.
1608:.
1604:.
1537:^
1436:.
1393:.
1367:.
1363:.
1159:.
1112:,
930:K
842:m
494::
385:.
280:,
252:.
174:kN
92:Hg
66:Pa
2333::
2217:)
2215:e
2212:θ
2205:)
2203:θ
2161:)
2159:e
2156:T
2139:)
2137:d
2134:T
2074:)
2072:c
2069:T
1901:e
1894:t
1887:v
1782:.
1778::
1770::
1695:.
1662:.
1616::
1447:.
1409:.
1379:.
1350:.
1325:.
1105:2
1101:1
973:0
970:R
953:M
936:g
919:0
916:T
899:p
896:c
881:p
878:c
876:/
874:g
868:L
851:0
848:p
832:h
795:)
786:0
782:R
773:0
769:T
763:M
757:h
751:g
741:(
726:0
722:p
710:0
706:R
701:M
693:p
689:c
681:)
672:0
668:T
659:p
655:c
649:h
643:g
634:1
630:(
620:0
616:p
612:=
598:L
590:0
586:R
580:M
574:g
567:)
559:0
555:T
550:h
544:L
535:1
531:(
521:0
517:p
513:=
506:p
492:h
488:p
433:(
389:(
349:.
236:.
34:.
20:)
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