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selling prices. That price volatility is partly due to the reduction of the market support at
European level, making farms to become more sensitive to developments in the global market. On the other hand, the primary sector must withstand consolidated chain links such as processing and distribution. Their power is magnified by scale and concentration.
293:
pesticides, the eco-efficiency improves thanks to the manure policy, rising fertilizer prices and the switch to natural gas in horticulture. In contrast, the increasing livestock from 2008 and the increasing number of cogeneration plants (combined heat and power) in greenhouses are the main reasons that there is no decrease in energy consumption,
363:. The CAP is aiming for increased competitiveness, improved sustainability and increased efficiency. The aid will be distributed differently between and within EU Member States. Direct aid will be 'greener' by introducing three mandatory greening practices. The importance of rural development increases.
435:
A major problem for agriculture is the price-making The farmer is faced with rising commodity prices which makes production more expensive. Input prices, costs for energy, feed and machinery, exhibit both in
Belgium and the EU on an upward trend. On the revenue side, there is more volatile and lower
279:
The explanation for this variation is found in history and in factors of soil physics. Breeding farms have installed themselves in the immediate vicinity of the mixed feed industry and the slaughterhouses. Vegetable and fruit cultivation is concentrated around the auction and its derivative industry.
151:
population per business is increasing, too. Nowadays an average cattle business counts 119 animals, a pig business 1,848 and a poultry business 47,092. Over the last ten years, the total arable area has remained relatively stable (-1.7%). 46% of the
Flemish arable area, or 622,738 ha, is utilised for
146:
In 2013, there were 24.884 agricultural businesses in
Flanders. Over the last ten years, the number has declined by 30%. That is a decrease of almost 4% per year. At the same time there was a continual increase in scale. In comparison to 2004, the average arable area per business has increased by 40%
121:
has traditionally a familial character, but just like agriculture in other regions, is increasingly characterised by an increase in scale, modernisation and expansion. In
Flanders, intensive sectors constitute the largest segment of agriculture: pig breeding, poultry and dairy farming, vegetables and
176:
In 2013, the final production value of the
Flemish agricultural and horticultural sectors’ sales activity was estimated at 5,5 billion euros. Of the total production value, livestock is good for 65%, horticulture 26% and arable farming 9%. The five most important agricultural products are pork (1,46
390:
The average age of operators of professional agricultural businesses has risen in recent years from 48 years in 2004 to 52 years in 2013. 11% of the farmers are women. Female farmers are on average one and a half years older than the male. Increasing age is associated with the small number of young
191:
In 2013, the total
Belgian trade in agricultural products recorded a positive trade balance. Export is good for 39.4 billion euros, while import amounts to 34.5 billion euros. Some important export products are chocolate products (2.1 billion euros), potato preparations and pork (each 1.4 billion),
374:
in
Flanders. In the period 2007-2013, 67% of the budget went to the improvement of competitiveness (mainly investments in farms), 20% to the improvement of the environment (especially agri-environmental measures such as water management agreements) and 9% to the quality of life in rural areas. The
300:
In 2012, the net primary energy use by the agricultural sector amounts to 24 916 TJ. Greenhouse horticulture remains with 46% the largest energy user. The share of natural gas increased from 21% in 2007 to 58% in 2012 while the share of oil in that period drops to 35%. Heavy fuel oil is completely
292:
of
Flemish agriculture we compare pressure indicators to an economic indicator. In the period 2007-2012 the final production remains more or less stable, while the environmental indicators evolve. As to the emission of very fine particles, the phosphorus fertilizer use and the pressure by chemical
180:
In 2013, 51,583 people were regularly employed in agriculture and horticulture. Because there are great many non-regular employees working in agriculture, such as seasonal workers and contractors, we count that figure among the full-time workers. Flemish agriculture and horticulture employs 41,141
366:
In 2013, Flemish farmers received 258.8 million euros in direct support. Entitlement rights were good for 228.2 million euros of this amount, and the suckler cow premium for 27.3 million euros. With 23%, dairy farming had in the period 2007-2012 the greatest share of direct support. A significant
431:
complex. Alongside the agricultural and horticultural sectors, an important role is also played by agricultural suppliers, the food industry and distribution. The trend is that a decreasing number of businesses generate an increasing turnover and value added. According to the latest figures, the
414:
A survey carried out in 2014 among the LMN farmers shows that 43% of the businesses carried through an innovation on the farm in the past two years. This percentage is highest in the horticultural sector (52%) and lowest in cattle (35%). In horticulture, ornamental plants sector has with 62% the
410:
is of great importance for the economic development of agriculture and horticulture in
Flanders. Innovation helps to maintain competitiveness, but can also meet global challenges such as feeding the growing world population, the supply of adequate fiber, biomass and bio-materials and the limited
418:
The results show that process innovations are most prevalent. More than half of the companies mainly invests in machinery and infrastructure such as sheds and greenhouses, followed by innovations in marketing, such as the switch to another distribution channel or the start with various forms of
394:
A survey conducted in 2012 among the participants of the Farm Accountancy Data Network showed that the average satisfaction of the farmers is 6.5 out of ten. 64% of respondents were satisfied or very satisfied, 25% are moderately satisfied and 11% dissatisfied. A relatively higher satisfaction
167:
utilised a cultivated area of 5 065 ha in Flanders, 0.8% of the total arable area. The number of organic farms amounts to 319 units. Over the last years, the cultivated area and the number of holdings has steadily increased, in part under the impulse of the Strategic Action Plan for Organic
391:
farmers. In 2013, only 5% of the farmers were under 35 years old, both male and female farmers. The proportion of over-65s is significantly higher: 11% of men and 17% of women. The major part of the operators is between 50 and 55 years. Ten years ago it was between 40 and 45 years.
301:
faded away, from 21% to 2%. Since 2010, the Flemish agricultural sector is a net producer of electricity. The excess of self-produced electricity from its own cogeneration or solar panels is in practice put back on the net and is not necessarily used by the agricultural sector.
432:
Flemish agro-business complex counts 35 471 businesses, achieves a turnover of 61 billion euro and a value added of 8.4 billion euro, and employs 159 104 people. The food industry is the largest employer and is responsible for the largest share of turnover and net added value.
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part goes to beef cattle farming and arable crops. The business types pigs and horticulture traditionally receive little or no direct support. For the overall agricultural and horticultural sector, the share of direct support in the farm income is on average 24%.
398:
Some farm families are facing serious financial difficulties or mental health and relationship problems. The number of farmers in distress who come to the association Farmers at a Crossroads (Boeren op een Kruispunt) is hovering around 200 applicants each year.
395:
prevails in the arable sector. In the pig sector, respondents appeared relatively less satisfied. A sore point is stress, because 52% of respondents are complaining about high to very high stress. The average income satisfaction is also only 4.5 out of ten.
324:
equivalents, a decrease of 19% compared to 1990. However, since 2008 the emissions increased again by 3.5%. Methane emissions are primarily derived from digestion processes from livestock farming. Nitrous oxide emission is largely directly from the soil.
155:
The agriculture is characterized by a strong degree of specialization. Almost nine out of ten companies specialize in one of three subsectors. 54% of the companies have a specialization in cattle breeding, 21% in arable crops, and 13% in
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full-time workers, or on average 1.65 per business. 34% of the full-time workers work in livestock businesses (dairy, pork, beef and poultry) 32% in horticultural businesses, 13% in arable crops businesses and 19% in mixed businesses.
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short-chain sales. In third place come organizational innovations, such as the recruitment of additional workers, the takeover by a new manager and the adaptation of the legal structure.
216:
The importance of the agricultural sector in Flanders depends on the region. Aclassification of municipalities with similar agricultural activity shows the typical regions: fruit around
192:
beer and frozen vegetables (each 1.1 billion). Belgium has an 8% share of total agricultural exports from the EU-28 and thus holds the fifth place in the EU ranking, after
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billion euros), dairy products (844 million euros), beef (712 million euros), vegetables (602 million euros) and ornamental horticulture products (512 million euros).
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The share of agriculture in the total Flemish greenhouse gas emissions is 10% in 2011. The relatively large share of agriculture is due to the fact that 53% of
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agriculture and horticulture. Meadows, pasturelands, and fodder crops account for 56% of the total area. The arable surface is 36% owned, the rest is on lease.
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Economische en politieke ontwikkelingen op internationaal vlak. Land- en tuinbouw in breder perspectief. Achtergronddocument bij het Landbouwrapport 2014
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184:
In 2012, the gross value added of the primary sector (including forestry and fishery) had a 0.9% share in the total Flemish gross value added. In the
560:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, in collaboration with The Flemish Environment Agency, Brussels.
348:. In the future, the agricultural sector will also be confronted with an increasing liberalisation of world trade and globalisation of food chains.
548:
Gebruik van energie, gewasbescherming, water en kunstmest in de Vlaamse landbouw. Resultaten op basis van het Landbouwmonitoringsnetwerk 2005-2011
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The exact contribution of Flemish agricultural emissions to total air PM concentrations and to negative health effects is not well known.
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profoundly affects the sector. Other international developments affect agriculture in Flanders, too: the growing world population,
344:, the depletion of fossil fuels and non-renewable raw materials, price fluctuations of food products, the policy concerning
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The agricultural and food sector is through various complex interactions connected with the rest of the economy. Further
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467:"Fine atmospheric particles from agricultural practices in Flanders: from emissions to health effects and limit values"
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43:
36:
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Federal Public Service Economy, Directorate General Statistics and Economic Information, Agricultural Statistics
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Boer(in) in hoofd, hart en nieren. Onderzoek naar sociale duurzaamheid in de Vlaamse land- en tuinbouw anno 2012
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260:, and in combination with breeding in the Campine. Cattle are primarily found in the region around
30:
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659:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
650:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
632:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
623:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
614:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
578:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
569:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
551:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
542:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
524:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
515:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
497:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Division for Agricultural Policy Analysis, Brussels.
47:
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1117:
878:
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Innovatie in de Vlaamse land- en tuinbouw. Resultaten 2014 van het Landbouwmonitoringsnetwerk
990:
221:
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8:
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445:
320:. In 2011, total emissions of greenhouse gases from agriculture amounted to 8 636 kt CO
1158:
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313:
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Arable farming primarily occurs on rich soils and cattle breeding on poorer soils.
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sectors pigs and poultry, dairy and horticulture received most Pillar 2 support.
269:
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87:
1112:
750:
669:
581:
Mathijs E. (KU Leuven), Nevens F. (VITO) & Vandenbroeck P. (shiftN) (2012)
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185:
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The agricultural sector does not stand alone, but is a part of a much broader
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De buitenlandse handel in land- en tuinbouwproducten: stand van zaken in 2013
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Van Buggenhout E., Vuylsteke A., Deuninck J. & Van Gijseghem D. (2013)
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Transition to a sustainable agro-food system in Flanders: a system analysis
465:
Buekers, J; Janssen, S; Veldeman, N; Deutch, F; Int Panis, L (March 2014).
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Agriculture, from which the second programme is running from 2013 to 2017.
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Vlaams Programma voor Plattelandsontwikkeling 2007-2013, Jaarverslag 2013
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In 2013, there were 115.2 million euros in government subsidies for the
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208:. Flanders takes in account 80% of the Belgian agricultural exports.
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Mahy L., Verspecht A., Van Huylenbroeck G. & Buysse J. (2014)
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134:, the emphasis is more on arable farming and extensive soil-based
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Schaalgrootte en schaalvergroting in de Vlaamse land- en tuinbouw
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Economische resultaten van de Vlaamse land- en tuinbouw 2011-2012
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641:, Environmental Report Flanders, The Flemish Environment Agency.
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De landbouwactiviteit in Vlaamse gemeenten, proeve van typologie
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Platteau J., Van Gijseghem D.& Van Bogaert T (eds.) (2014)
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Maertens E., Bernaerts E., Oeyen A. & Tacquenier B. (2013)
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Bodembalans van de Vlaamse landbouw, cijfers voor 2007-2009
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Lenders S., Oeyen A., D’hooghe J. & Overloop S. (2012)
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for the period 2014-2020 is strongly linked to the overall
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is the major representative farmers' union in Flanders.
608:
Samborski V., Van Bellegem L. & Platteau J. (2014)
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Productierekening van de Vlaamse land- en tuinbouw 2014
506:, Research Centre of the Flemish Government, Brussels.
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come from agriculture. Both gases have a much bigger
605:, Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Brussels.
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Lenders S., D’hooghe J. &. Tacquenier B. (2013)
644:Vuylsteke A., Bergen D. & Demuynck E. (2014)
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620:Het Vlaamse agrovoedingscomplex. Stand van zaken
599:Platteau J. & Van Bogaert T. (eds.) (2014)
509:Danckaert S., Lenders S. & Oeyen A. (2009)
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232:. Ornamental horticulture is practiced around
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685:Flemish Government, Agriculture and Fisheries
611:De biologische landbouw. Stand van zaken 2013
415:highest proportion of innovative businesses.
596:, Departement Landbouw en Visserij, Brussel.
423:Agriculture within the agro-business complex
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653:Vuylsteke A. & Van Gijseghem D. (2014)
268:and in combination with arable farming in
66:Learn how and when to remove this message
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29:This article includes a list of general
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602:Agriculture Horticulture 2013 Flanders
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359:strategy for smart, sustainable and
297:and potential acidifying emissions.
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411:availability of natural resources.
252:. Dairy cattle is important in the
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503:Vlaamse Regionale Indicatoren 2014
35:it lacks sufficient corresponding
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670:Eurostat, Agricultural Statistics
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236:. Pig breeding makes its home in
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1014:Community Commission (Brussels)
635:Van Steertegem M. (ed.) (2013)
533:, vzw Boeren op een Kruispunt.
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295:greenhouse gas emissions
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50:more precise citations.
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1123:Science and technology
972:List of municipalities
471:Outlook on Agriculture
288:To get an idea of the
220:and vegetables around
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308:emissions and 76% of
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147:to 25 hectare. The
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1132:
1086:Other topics
1067:
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1051:Coat of arms
883:(and cities)
837:Pajottenland
822:Denderstreek
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258:Pajottenland
218:Sint-Truiden
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158:horticulture
154:
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126:culture. In
114:horticulture
108:
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62:
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1133:Agriculture
1034:Symbols and
842:Meetjesland
737:Territories
477:(1): 39–44.
357:Europe 2020
242:Meetjesland
230:Hoogstraten
122:fruit, and
110:Agriculture
99:sugar beets
97:Harvest of
48:introducing
1148:Categories
1103:Literature
832:Haspengouw
776:Margravate
486:Literature
452:References
408:Innovation
403:Innovation
385:Boerenbond
272:and South
31:references
1128:Transport
1118:Education
999:Elections
879:Provinces
226:Roeselare
163:In 2013,
149:livestock
1159:Flanders
1108:Painting
1098:Language
991:Politics
967:Brussels
960:See also
852:Waasland
847:Westhoek
827:Hageland
729:Flanders
440:See also
248:and the
246:Waasland
128:Wallonia
118:Flanders
1037:history
949:Hasselt
944:Limburg
925:Antwerp
920:Antwerp
817:Campine
675:FAOSTAT
274:Limburg
250:Campine
194:Germany
132:Belgium
44:improve
1113:People
1046:Anthem
937:Leuven
901:Bruges
781:County
731:topics
726:
262:Bruges
202:France
103:Tienen
84:grapes
33:, but
913:Ghent
316:than
234:Ghent
206:Spain
1077:Flag
383:The
256:and
228:and
204:and
112:and
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