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automates operations like ploughing, seeding, fertilizing, milking, feeding, and irrigating, thereby significantly reducing manual labor. With the advent of digital automation technologies, it has become possible to automate diagnosis and decision-making. For instance, autonomous crop robots can harvest and seed crops, and drones can collect information to help automate input applications. Tractors, on the other hand, can be transformed into automated vehicles that can sow fields independently. < ref name= ":1"/>
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1280:(USDA) revealed that over 50% of corn, cotton, rice, sorghum, soybeans, and winter wheat in the United States is planted using automated guidance systems. These systems, which utilize technology to autonomously steer farm equipment, only require supervision from a farmer. This is a clear example of how agricultural automation is being implemented in real-world farming scenarios.
1231:
763:. While robots have the potential to automate the three key steps involved in any agricultural operation (diagnosis, decision-making and performing), conventional motorized machinery is used principally to automate only the performing step where diagnosis and decision-making are conducted by humans based on observations and experience.
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The Open Source
Agriculture movement counts different initiatives and organizations such as Farm Labs which is a network in Europe, l'Atelier Paysan which is a cooperative to teach farmers in France how to build and repair their tools, and Ekylibre which is an open-source company to provide farmers
1272:
The technological evolution in agriculture has been a journey from manual tools to animal traction, then to motorized mechanization, and further to digital equipment. This progression has culminated in the use of robotics with artificial intelligence (AI). Motorized mechanization, for instance,
1238:
The basic technology of agricultural machines has changed little in the last century. Though modern harvesters and planters may do a better job or be slightly tweaked from their predecessors, the combine of today still cuts, threshes, and separates grain in the same way it has always been done.
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defines agricultural automation as the use of machinery and equipment in agricultural operations to improve their diagnosis, decision-making, or performance, reducing the drudgery of agricultural work and improving the timeliness, and potentially the precision, of agricultural operations.
1324:, an educational project to create a "controlled environment agriculture technology platform that uses robotic systems to control and monitor climate, energy, and plant growth inside of a specialized growing chamber". It includes the development of
1247:
locators and self-steer programs allow the most advanced tractors and implements to be more precise and less wasteful in the use of fuel, seed, or fertilizer. In the foreseeable future, there may be mass production of
1320:
seeks to foster "the creation of an open-source ecosystem of technologies that enable and promote transparency, networked experimentation, education, and hyper-local production". It develops the
1300:
law to prevent farmers from having the legal right to fix their equipment (or gain access to the information to allow them to do it). In
October 2015 an exemption was added to the
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Agricultural machinery can be regarded as part of wider agricultural automation technologies, which includes the more advanced digital equipment and
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and thresher, or the combine harvester (also shortened to 'combine'). Instead of cutting the grain stalks and transporting them to a stationary
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is a machine designed to efficiently harvest a variety of grain crops. The name derives from its combining four separate harvesting operations—
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In Brief to The State of Food and
Agriculture 2022 – Leveraging automation in agriculture for transforming agrifood systems
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quickly and in high volumes to large areas of land. Similar types of equipment such as agriculture sprayers can be used to deliver
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Many farmers are upset by their inability to fix the new types of high-tech farm equipment. This is due mostly to companies using
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In brief to The State of Food and
Agriculture 2022 − Leveraging automation in agriculture for transforming agrifood systems
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pull. The slow speed of steam-powered machines led farmers to comment that tractors had two speeds: "slow, and damn slow".
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From left to right: John Deere 7800 tractor with Houle slurry trailer, Case IH combine harvester, New
Holland FX 25
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to allow inspection and modification of the software in cars and other vehicles including agricultural machinery.
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Hay
Harvesting in the 1940s instructional films, Center for Digital Initiatives, University of Vermont Library
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The State of Food and
Agriculture 2022 − Leveraging agricultural automation for transforming agrifood systems
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for the next generation of tractors. These engines also contributed to the development of the self-propelled
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1995:
Exemption to
Prohibition on Circumvention of Copyright Protection Systems for Access Control Technologies
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1908:. Integrated Crop Management No. 24. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO).
1317:
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921:, these combines cut, threshed, and separated the grain while moving continuously throughout the field.
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and the development of more complicated machines, farming methods took a great leap forward. Instead of
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2010:"This is the Beginning of a network of open laboratories for agricultural research and experimentation"
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Agriculture 4.0 – Agricultural robotics and automated equipment for sustainable crop production
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Besides the tractor, other vehicles have been adapted for use in farming, including
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1135:. Agriculture sprayer application is a method to protect crops from weeds by using
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1935:"Solar Storm Knocks Out Farmers' Tractor GPS Systems During Peak Planting Season"
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from the heads and stalks. The first tractors appeared in the late 19th century.
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were low-powered by today's standards but because of their size and their low
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1873:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2022.
1756:. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). 2022.
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However, technology is changing the way that humans operate the machines, as
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and the farm implements that they tow or operate. Machinery is used in both
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Techniques & Culture. Revue semestrielle d'anthropologie des techniques
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than formerly, with offset disks used instead to turn over the soil, and
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2064:"L'agriculture libre. Les outils agricoles à l'épreuve de l'open source"
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After planting, other agricultural machinery such as self-propelled
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Economic
Situation of the agricultural machinery sector—VDMA Report
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Worldwide
Agricultural Machinery and Farm Equipment Directory
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Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
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http://copyright.gov/1201/2015/fedreg-publicinspectionFR.pdf
1979:"We Can't Let John Deere Destroy the Very Idea of Ownership"
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that could power stationary machines via the use of a long
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1312:) to manage farming operations. In the United States, the
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1961:"New High-Tech Farm Equipment Is a Nightmare for Farmers"
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A self-propelled Apache Sprayer by Equipment Technologies
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and nonorganic farming. Especially since the advent of
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for agricultural machinery was originally supplied by
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961:, the ancient implement that was upgraded in 1838 by
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1170:into a storable form for the winter months. Modern
973:used to gain the depth needed to retain moisture.
857:source that was the ground-crawling cousin to the
2124:"Group Overview ‹ Open Agriculture (OpenAg)"
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1817:Combine harvesters: theory, modeling, and design
1215:
953:for planting by loosening the soil and killing
924:
2148:"Project Overview ‹ Open Phenome Project"
892:
16:Machinery used in farming or other agriculture
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2062:Chance, Quentin; Meyer, Morgan (2017-06-06).
965:. Plows are now used less frequently in the
698:
1918:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1713: This article incorporates text from a
957:or competing plants. The best-known is the
795:machines cut a continuous swath. Instead of
771:
2061:
1902:Santos Valle, S. & Kienzle, J. (2020).
1819:. Boca Raton; London; New York: CRC Press.
1072:The most common type of seeder is called a
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1092:to the field. With the widespread use of
989:cotton harvester at work in a cotton field
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2007:
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1166:can be used to tightly package grass or
1155:Farmer on a hay harvester in Switzerland
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1100:, and plant through them automatically.
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1278:United States Department of Agriculture
1147:Balers and other agriculture implements
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1308:in France with open source software (
799:the grain by beating it with sticks,
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2032:
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1717:work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 (
1234:A New Holland TR85 combine harvester
937:do the majority of work on a modern
865:took over the heavy pulling work of
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1841:"How to Manage Prevent Plant Weeds"
1814:
1178:and other specialized gear provide
1088:automate the task of transplanting
13:
2790:Environmental impact of irrigation
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1284:Open source agricultural equipment
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1503:Mitsubishi Agricultural Machinery
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2172:"recipe:start [OpenAg]"
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2001:
1989:
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1693:Agricultural machinery industry
1675:Agriculture and Agronomy portal
724:structures and devices used in
660:Agriculture and the environment
126:British Agricultural Revolution
2802:Climate change and agriculture
2575:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1953:
1926:
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1808:
1793:
1778:
1683:List of agricultural machinery
1174:relies on machinery. Engines,
941:. They are used to push/pull
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106:Agriculture in the Middle Ages
1:
1933:Koebler, Jason (2024-05-12).
1730:
1216:New technology and the future
885:, they could provide a large
2580:Arab Agricultural Revolution
1719:license statement/permission
925:Agricultural machinery types
909:; became the main source of
734:many types of such equipment
111:Arab Agricultural Revolution
7:
2070:(in French) (67): 236–239.
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1318:Open Agriculture Initiative
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1067:
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893:Internal combustion engines
10:
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2540:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
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899:internal combustion engine
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71:Agriculture in Mesoamerica
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2890:Universities and colleges
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2508:Universities and colleges
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2176:wiki.openag.media.mit.edu
1804:Retrieved 2012-12-25.
1789:Retrieved 2012-12-25.
1608:
1358:Algerian Tractors Company
1336:
853:, a multipurpose, mobile
841:. With the invention of
772:The Industrial Revolution
598:Universities and colleges
558:Universities and colleges
2875:Agriculturist profession
2352:Agricultural engineering
2337:Agricultural cooperative
1785:Agricultural engineering
1256:and electronic sensors.
583:Agriculturist profession
402:Agricultural engineering
387:Agricultural cooperative
2971:Agricultural technology
2780:Agricultural wastewater
2503:Sustainable food system
2498:Sustainable agriculture
2389:Animal-free agriculture
2357:Agricultural technology
1640:International Harvester
1508:New Holland Agriculture
1260:Agricultural automation
949:implements prepare the
776:With the coming of the
553:Sustainable food system
548:Sustainable agriculture
439:Animal-free agriculture
407:Agricultural technology
2966:Agricultural machinery
2880:Agricultural machinery
2838:History of agriculture
2823:Agriculture by country
2818:Agricultural machinery
2775:Agricultural pollution
2770:Agricultural expansion
2545:Austronesian expansion
2456:Mechanised agriculture
1815:Miu, Petre I. (2016).
1688:Mechanised agriculture
1625:Ferguson-Brown Company
1322:Personal Food Computer
1293:
1235:
1156:
1115:
990:
879:steam-powered machines
827:
754:mechanised agriculture
718:Agricultural machinery
681:Agriculture portal
640:History of agriculture
625:Agriculture by country
620:Agricultural machinery
588:Agricultural machinery
506:Mechanised agriculture
76:Austronesian expansion
28:
2885:Government ministries
2828:Agriculture companies
2664:Convertible husbandry
2342:Agricultural supplies
2292:Agricultural Engineer
1443:Kharkiv Tractor Plant
1298:intellectual property
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1276:A 2023 report by the
1233:
1226:Precision agriculture
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1127:can be used to apply
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818:
787:by hand with a sharp
778:Industrial Revolution
761:agricultural robotics
630:Agriculture companies
593:Government ministries
392:Agricultural supplies
229:Convertible husbandry
22:
2535:Neolithic Revolution
2394:Cellular agriculture
2347:Agricultural science
1458:Lamborghini Trattori
1243:monitoring systems,
839:domesticated animals
444:Cellular agriculture
397:Agricultural science
66:Neolithic Revolution
1802:Britannica Online.
1787:Britannica Online.
1721:). Text taken from
1655:Renault Agriculture
1498:Minsk Tractor Works
1383:Challenger Tractors
1250:driverless tractors
1222:Digital agriculture
325:Steam sterilization
2669:Rotational grazing
2585:Columbian exchange
2035:"L'Atelier Paysan"
1845:Successful Farming
1698:Agricultural robot
1488:McCormick Tractors
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801:threshing machines
234:Rotational grazing
116:Columbian exchange
29:
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2513:Urban agriculture
2486:Rice-duck farming
2434:Intensive farming
2404:Extensive farming
2033:Gaillard, Chris.
1888:978-92-5-137005-6
1800:Tractor (vehicle)
1771:978-92-5-136043-9
1523:Sonalika Tractors
1478:Mahindra Tractors
1373:Carraro Agritalia
1353:Al-Ghazi Tractors
919:threshing machine
915:combine harvester
821:combine harvester
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563:Urban agriculture
536:Rice-duck farming
484:Intensive farming
454:Extensive farming
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1620:Case Corporation
1252:, which use GPS
861:. Agricultural
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849:, and later the
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700:
693:
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678:
677:
541:Rice-fish system
449:Contract farming
434:Animal husbandry
172:Animal husbandry
131:Green Revolution
82:Ancient history
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2461:Organic farming
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1493:Millat Tractors
1483:Massey Ferguson
1408:Escorts Limited
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1220:Main articles:
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2795:Overdrafting
2654:Goat farming
2565:Ancient Rome
2471:Permaculture
2429:Horticulture
2374:Agroforestry
2332:Agribusiness
2184:. Retrieved
2180:the original
2175:
2166:
2155:. Retrieved
2151:
2142:
2131:. Retrieved
2127:
2118:
2107:. Retrieved
2104:ekylibre.com
2103:
2094:
2067:
2043:. Retrieved
2038:
2028:
2017:. Retrieved
2014:farmlabs.org
2013:
2003:
1991:
1982:
1973:
1964:
1955:
1944:. Retrieved
1938:
1928:
1904:
1897:
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1849:. Retrieved
1847:. 2019-12-06
1844:
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1816:
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1752:
1723:
1715:free content
1707:
1603:Balwaan Agri
1306:
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1212:management.
1192:
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1109:crop sprayer
1071:
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933:
905:, and later
901:; first the
896:
829:
775:
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732:. There are
717:
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521:Permaculture
479:Horticulture
424:Agroforestry
382:Agribusiness
339:Hydroculture
315:Smallholding
303:
96:Ancient Rome
2945:Wikiproject
2785:Overgrazing
2720:Pig farming
2703:Paddy field
2676:Hydroponics
2649:Fur farming
2634:Aquaculture
2629:Agrivoltaic
2610:Monoculture
2531:Prehistory
2481:Polyculture
2302:Farm worker
2280:Occupations
2250:Agriculture
2041:(in French)
1448:Kirov Plant
1326:Open Phenom
1203:helicopters
1184:fertilizers
883:gear ratios
843:steam power
811:Steam power
742:power tools
730:agriculture
531:Polyculture
357:Hydroponics
347:Aquaculture
288:Paddy field
273:Monoculture
167:Agrivoltaic
141:Monoculture
62:Prehistory
35:Agriculture
2960:Categories
2811:Categories
2476:Plantation
2424:Free range
2419:Feed ratio
2186:2019-07-20
2157:2019-07-20
2133:2019-07-20
2109:2019-07-20
2100:"Ekylibre"
2045:2019-07-20
2019:2019-07-20
1946:2024-05-13
1851:2020-08-13
1731:References
1533:SAS Motors
1438:John Deere
1403:Deutz-Fahr
1188:pesticides
1172:irrigation
1141:fungicides
1137:herbicides
1133:pesticides
1129:fertilizer
1107:A British
1058:sunflowers
987:John Deere
963:John Deere
943:implements
837:or other
782:harvesting
738:hand tools
722:mechanical
611:Categories
526:Plantation
474:Free range
469:Feed ratio
362:Aeroponics
352:Aquaponics
219:Free-range
214:Fertilizer
2976:Machinery
2843:Livestock
2686:Livestock
2414:Farmhouse
2086:0248-6016
1940:404 Media
1914:cite book
1588:YTO Group
1578:Versatile
1568:Valpadana
1538:SDF Group
1207:livestock
1199:airplanes
1113:Lite-Trac
1090:seedlings
1010:winnowing
1006:gathering
1002:threshing
845:came the
819:A German
797:threshing
728:or other
645:Livestock
464:Farmhouse
246:Intensive
209:Extensive
2909:Category
2735:Orchards
2708:Pastoral
2379:Agronomy
1661:See also
1598:Zoomlion
1563:Ursus SA
1518:Shibaura
1473:LS Mtron
1368:ARGO SpA
1241:computer
1125:sprayers
1119:Sprayers
1068:Planters
1062:rapeseed
1046:soybeans
977:Combines
935:Tractors
930:Tractors
746:tractors
429:Agronomy
293:Ranching
2933:Commons
2745:Terrace
2691:Pasture
2659:Grazing
2605:Organic
2525:History
2439:animals
2362:Digital
2322:General
2266:History
2261:Outline
1704:Sources
1468:Lindner
1463:Landini
1418:Goldoni
1398:Daedong
1378:Case IH
1168:alfalfa
1098:plastic
1074:planter
1054:linseed
1042:sorghum
998:reaping
994:Combine
971:chisels
947:Tillage
887:drawbar
793:wheeled
767:History
750:organic
736:, from
726:farming
489:animals
412:Digital
375:Related
320:Terrace
304:Colonia
283:Organic
278:Orchard
268:Natural
251:animals
224:Grazing
204:Dryland
187:poultry
159:On land
136:Organic
53:History
2921:Portal
2762:impact
2713:Bocage
2639:Cattle
2307:Herder
2297:Farmer
2084:
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1768:
1609:Former
1583:Yanmar
1573:Valtra
1513:Pronar
1453:Kubota
1348:Agrale
1337:Active
1201:, and
1195:trucks
1164:balers
1082:drills
1030:barley
1008:, and
877:. The
871:pulley
855:energy
177:cattle
2867:Lists
2730:Ranch
2698:Mixed
2449:crops
2271:Index
1983:Wired
1965:Wired
1593:Zetor
1548:Steyr
1543:Stara
1428:Jacto
1423:Iseki
1413:Fendt
1388:Claas
1363:Arbos
1180:water
1176:pumps
1078:crops
1038:maize
1014:wheat
955:weeds
911:power
831:Power
825:Claas
805:seeds
789:blade
785:grain
576:Lists
499:crops
261:crops
241:Hobby
199:Dairy
192:sheep
2444:pigs
2409:Farm
2082:ISSN
1920:link
1883:ISBN
1821:ISBN
1766:ISBN
1635:Ford
1553:TAFE
1528:SAME
1343:AGCO
1310:SaaS
1302:DMCA
1264:The
1254:maps
1224:and
1210:herd
1186:and
1131:and
1060:and
1050:flax
1034:corn
1022:oats
1018:rice
967:U.S.
959:plow
951:soil
939:farm
897:The
875:belt
867:oxen
740:and
494:pigs
459:Farm
256:pigs
182:pigs
2072:doi
1875:doi
1758:doi
1558:TYM
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