52:
2984:
410:, to whose jurisdiction these territories properly belonged. The Count of the Opsicians probably retained authority over civil administration and local defence, while the Aegean theme was solely responsible for equipping ships and raising the men for fleets from these areas. A similar procedure existed in the theme of Samos as well. This view is strengthened by the fact that the Opsicians, and especially the
299:(customs officials) are attested. One seal, dated to 721/722, even refers to an official in charge of all the Greek islands, possibly implying an extension of the old province over the islands of the northern and western Aegean as well. Militarily, the Aegean islands came under control of the
473:
naval command was broken up and the theme of Samos established from it in the late 9th century. In 911, the forces of the naval theme of the Aegean are recorded as being 2,610 oarsmen and 400 marines.
1153:
476:
The province survived until the late 10th/early 11th century, when it became progressively split up into smaller commands. As the
Cyclades and Sporades, Chios and the region of
1863:
3959:
806:
173:
148:
134:
3985:
494:. Thereafter, some time in the 12th century, the theme of the Aegean seems to have been fused with the Opsician theme into a single province, as attested in the
488:. By the late 11th century, what remained of the old thematic fleet was incorporated into the unified imperial navy at Constantinople, under the command of the
3990:
3939:
2096:
3526:
1076:
799:
3622:
2972:
1326:
1227:
731:
Catalogue of
Byzantine Seals at Dumbarton Oaks and in the Fogg Museum of Art, Volume 2: South of the Balkans, the Islands, South of Asia Minor
2660:
1237:
1170:
3536:
1185:
1180:
2261:
1247:
1222:
3023:
2612:
2595:
1252:
1232:
792:
3672:
2311:
2157:
2129:
1773:
1765:
1242:
1175:
398:
and with a full complement of military, civil, and fiscal officials. In the areas of the
Dardanelles and the Propontis, however, the
2507:
1868:
3995:
3605:
2356:
347:, while the former evolved into the theme of the Aegean Sea, encompassing both the islands of the northern Aegean as well as the
3904:
2836:
2361:
3694:
3360:
2760:
1520:
1513:
1069:
3682:
3657:
2512:
2371:
1659:
484:, the theme of the Aegean became a purely civil province comprising only the coasts of the Propontis and the region around
3832:
3546:
1503:
293:" appears for the first time as an administrative circumscription in the early 8th century, when seals of several of its
3847:
2841:
2254:
496:
3365:
2942:
1508:
784:
774:
739:
714:
2005:
1062:
426:
692:
Byzance et la mer. La marine de guerre, la politique et les institutions maritimes de
Byzance aux VIIe-XVe siècles
321:
in a failed attack on
Constantinople. From the late 8th century, two separate commands appear in the Aegean: the
3516:
3330:
2977:
2799:
1331:
1099:
3699:
3578:
3016:
2947:
2937:
2809:
2730:
2548:
2416:
1988:
1932:
1853:
1720:
705:
3789:
3709:
3704:
2804:
2794:
2709:
2464:
2249:
1684:
227:, established in the mid-9th century. As one of the Byzantine Empire's three dedicated naval themes (Greek:
4000:
3627:
3551:
3295:
3245:
2878:
2846:
2750:
2459:
2431:
2239:
1778:
4010:
3859:
3752:
3593:
2602:
2244:
2091:
1848:
1599:
34:
3731:
3689:
3647:
3394:
3345:
3285:
3230:
3073:
2922:
2868:
2607:
2479:
2469:
2169:
2049:
1927:
1858:
1746:
1715:
1558:
1498:
815:
3800:
3588:
3240:
3210:
3009:
2782:
2306:
2162:
1947:
1838:
1725:
394:
3325:
3250:
3235:
3215:
2081:
1833:
1320:
1199:
254:
166:
153:
4005:
3944:
3677:
3556:
3335:
3048:
2987:
2411:
2137:
1957:
1843:
3774:
3573:
3501:
3496:
3300:
2912:
2502:
2344:
1788:
1594:
1568:
1563:
1336:
1312:
1308:
1275:
318:
533:
531:
309:
during the 7th and 8th centuries. In 726, the region participated in a rebellion against the
3934:
3924:
3874:
3864:
3662:
3612:
3350:
3190:
2630:
2484:
1674:
1584:
1548:
1433:
1163:
1158:
462:
275:
139:
3320:
3824:
3742:
3637:
3541:
3310:
3305:
3220:
3180:
3088:
2873:
2856:
2677:
2436:
2401:
2284:
2221:
2216:
1751:
1694:
981:
528:
343:), in charge of the southern half. The latter command eventually evolved into the theme of
314:
8:
3652:
3642:
3617:
3531:
3486:
3384:
3098:
3093:
1783:
1699:
1689:
1553:
1316:
1304:
1191:
1011:
999:
993:
898:
886:
749:
725:
477:
500:
in 1204. The theme ceased to exist after the dissolution of the
Byzantine Empire by the
3632:
3379:
3355:
3290:
2861:
2851:
2725:
2396:
2279:
2196:
1411:
1391:
1371:
1361:
1127:
851:
419:
814:
3919:
3842:
3784:
3747:
3506:
3419:
3374:
3260:
3195:
3103:
3078:
2983:
2917:
2822:
2755:
2735:
2703:
2635:
2622:
2543:
2538:
2289:
2054:
1904:
1423:
1376:
1366:
1356:
1005:
969:
928:
910:
880:
770:
735:
710:
700:
371:
306:
1047:
Thrace and
Macedonia were counted among the Eastern themes for hierarchical purposes
3929:
3837:
3583:
3566:
3561:
3491:
3340:
3032:
2787:
2580:
2528:
2474:
2441:
2391:
2184:
2174:
1952:
1640:
1532:
1455:
1438:
1416:
1401:
1386:
1300:
1085:
1035:
922:
904:
862:
819:
686:
411:
220:
38:
418:) forcefully settled by the Empire in the Opsician Theme, are attested serving as
3889:
3879:
3869:
3854:
3779:
3762:
3737:
3445:
3409:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3255:
3160:
3083:
3058:
2932:
2765:
2745:
2740:
2695:
2685:
2645:
2640:
2590:
2585:
2366:
1972:
1889:
1884:
1624:
1614:
1450:
1444:
1428:
1406:
1396:
1381:
1029:
975:
764:
753:
729:
690:
3964:
3600:
3460:
3414:
3399:
3389:
3280:
3225:
3063:
2770:
2650:
2383:
2142:
2036:
2022:
1821:
1525:
1280:
1017:
987:
963:
934:
847:
841:
501:
485:
407:
266:
258:
250:
234:
208:
89:
3315:
285:), which encompassed the islands of the southeastern and eastern Aegean up to
3979:
3954:
3949:
3884:
3794:
3767:
3727:
3129:
3068:
2690:
2567:
2533:
2271:
2206:
2179:
2064:
1679:
1619:
940:
824:
758:(in French). Paris: Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
386:
The theme of the Aegean Sea was a regularly organized theme, subdivided into
344:
295:
51:
591:
3465:
3435:
3404:
3170:
3155:
2451:
2426:
2406:
2211:
2189:
2044:
1292:
1287:
1121:
301:
246:
1054:
603:
317:. Stephen, head of the fleet of the Cyclades islands, joined rebel leader
3899:
3819:
3205:
3200:
3145:
2952:
2927:
2421:
2231:
1998:
1604:
1589:
1023:
363:
The theme of the Aegean Sea must have been created in 843: its governing
348:
323:
56:
Map of
Byzantine Greece c. 900 AD, with the themes and major settlements.
3909:
3108:
2226:
2086:
2076:
1909:
1899:
1609:
855:
518:
516:
490:
310:
224:
465:, the Cyclades were probably transferred to the Aegean theme when the
3150:
2775:
2655:
2147:
2015:
1962:
1894:
874:
567:
365:
352:
513:
3666:
3470:
3185:
3165:
3124:
3117:
3113:
3001:
2301:
2201:
2152:
2010:
1942:
1730:
916:
868:
458:
454:
734:. Washington, DC: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection.
3914:
3894:
3450:
3175:
2667:
2553:
2494:
1993:
1967:
1645:
892:
651:
446:
286:
3455:
3440:
2296:
2071:
1937:
442:
438:
430:
388:
380:
195:
191:
406:
of the Aegean probably shared authority with the Count of the
450:
237:, but also served as a civil administrative circumscription.
228:
24:
639:
3757:
2575:
627:
555:
429:(r. 913–959), in the early 10th century the theme included
543:
233:), it served chiefly to provide ships and troops for the
755:
Les listes de préséance byzantines des IXe et Xe siècles
663:
615:
579:
3940:
Paleochristian and
Byzantine monuments of Thessaloniki
695:(in French). Paris: Presses universitaires de France.
331:), apparently controlling the northern half, and the
769:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.
280:
723:
657:
609:
573:
522:
379:, but he is elsewhere attested as being active at
3977:
709:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
3986:States and territories established in the 840s
1445:Spain (Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands)
3991:States and territories disestablished in 1204
3017:
1070:
800:
16:Byzantine province in the northern Aegean Sea
1084:
748:
561:
3024:
3010:
1077:
1063:
807:
793:
540:, "Aegean Sea" (T. E. Gregory), pp. 26–27.
50:
26:Αἰγαῖον Πελάγος, θέμα τοῦ Αἰγαίου Πελάγους
762:
685:
669:
645:
633:
621:
597:
585:
549:
3606:Battle of the Olive Grove of Kountouras
2333:
3978:
3905:Monastery of Saint John the Theologian
3361:Byzantine bureaucracy and aristocracy
3005:
2901:
2332:
2117:
1809:
1476:
1097:
1058:
788:
3031:
2118:
600:, pp. 76–79, 132–133 (note #5).
1820:
13:
706:The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium
497:Partitio terrarum imperii Romaniae
453:(later transferred to Samos), the
375:of 842/843, which still lists the
14:
4022:
3695:Siege of Thessalonica (1422–1430)
3673:Byzantine–Genoese War (1348–1349)
3366:Byzantine scholars in Renaissance
2943:Greek scholars in the Renaissance
245:The theme has its origins in the
3683:Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347
3658:Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
2982:
766:Byzantium and Its Army, 284–1081
427:Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos
171:
146:
132:
3547:Siege of Thessalonica (676–678)
3331:Alexios Angelos Philanthropenos
1332:Decline of the Byzantine Empire
1154:Constantinian–Valentinianic era
699:
537:
351:and the southern coasts of the
3996:Themes of the Byzantine Empire
3700:Battle of the Echinades (1427)
3579:Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria
2417:Great Palace of Constantinople
2158:Patriarchate of Constantinople
1477:
658:Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1994
610:Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1994
574:Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1994
523:Nesbitt & Oikonomides 1994
1:
3790:Eastern Orthodox Christianity
3710:Ottoman conquest of the Morea
3623:Under the Palaiologos dynasty
3567:Byzantine reconquest of Crete
763:Treadgold, Warren T. (1995).
507:
3628:Reconquest of Constantinople
3552:Siege of Patras (805 or 807)
3246:Nikephoros I Komnenos Doukas
2879:University of Constantinople
2460:Arch of Galerius and Rotunda
1810:
1610:Chartoularios tou vestiariou
1299:Byzantine successor states (
7:
3860:Church of the Parigoritissa
3833:Church of the Holy Apostles
3753:Miracles of Saint Demetrius
3594:Sack of Thessalonica (1185)
3537:Under the Heraclian dynasty
2549:Saint Catherine's Monastery
1605:Chartoularios tou sakelliou
1600:Logothetes tou stratiotikou
1098:
281:
10:
4027:
3648:Battle of Pharsalus (1277)
3395:Eustathius of Thessalonica
3346:Constantine XI Palaiologos
3286:Andronikos III Palaiologos
3231:Michael II Komnenos Doukas
2938:Neo-Byzantine architecture
2902:
1559:Comes sacrarum largitionum
956:Western or European themes
678:
358:
240:
229:
217:thema tou Aigaiou Pelagous
25:
3812:
3720:
3705:Morea revolt of 1453–1454
3515:
3479:
3428:
3241:John I Doukas of Thessaly
3211:Michael I Komnenos Doukas
3138:
3041:
2965:
2908:
2897:
2818:
2718:
2676:
2621:
2566:
2521:
2508:Sant'Apollinare in Classe
2493:
2450:
2382:
2352:
2343:
2339:
2328:
2270:
2128:
2124:
2113:
2035:
1981:
1920:
1877:
1829:
1816:
1805:
1764:
1739:
1708:
1667:
1658:
1633:
1577:
1541:
1494:
1487:
1483:
1472:
1345:
1261:
1208:
1139:
1110:
1106:
1093:
1045:
955:
833:
612:, pp. 123, 139, 141.
335:"of the Twelve Islands" (
270:
223:province in the northern
213:θέμα τοῦ Αἰγαίου Πελάγους
212:
187:
111:
107:
103:
99:
86:
76:
72:
64:
60:
49:
44:
33:
21:
3960:Saints Theodoroi, Serres
3562:Muslim conquest of Crete
3251:Thomas I Komnenos Doukas
3236:Michael VIII Palaiologos
3216:Theodore Komnenos Doukas
3094:Theme of the Peloponnese
2082:Droungarios of the Fleet
167:Duchy of the Archipelago
154:Islands (Roman province)
3945:Panagia Ekatontapiliani
3925:Old Metropolis of Veria
3678:Zealots of Thessalonica
3527:Persecution of paganism
3480:Greek states after 1204
3336:Theodore II Palaiologos
2596:Early Byzantine mosaics
1958:Domestic of the Schools
834:Eastern or Asian themes
369:does not appear in the
305:corps and later of the
205:Theme of the Aegean Sea
22:Theme of the Aegean Sea
3775:Byzantine architecture
3690:Byzantine–Ottoman Wars
3574:Macedonian Renaissance
3502:Despotate of the Morea
3497:Empire of Thessalonica
3301:Stephen Gabrielopoulos
2913:Byzantine commonwealth
1675:Praetorian prefectures
1595:Logothetes tou genikou
1569:Quaestor sacri palatii
1564:Comes rerum privatarum
1337:Fall of Constantinople
1276:Sack of Constantinople
319:Agallianos Kontoskeles
262:
3935:Panagia Kontariotissa
3865:Didymoteicho Fortress
3663:Hesychast controversy
3613:Battle of Klokotnitsa
3589:Byzantine–Norman wars
3351:Demetrios Palaiologos
3326:Esau de' Buondelmonti
3191:Nikephoros Melissenos
3089:Theme of Thessalonica
3042:Provinces and regions
2613:Komnenian renaissance
2608:Macedonian period art
2513:Sant'Apollinare Nuovo
2485:Walls of Thessaloniki
1585:Logothetes tou dromou
1200:Twenty Years' Anarchy
1164:Valentinianic dynasty
1159:Constantinian dynasty
425:According to Emperor
422:in the 10th century.
140:Asia (Roman province)
3825:Angelokastro (Corfu)
3743:Byzantine literature
3638:Battle of Makryplagi
3542:Byzantine Iconoclasm
3311:Manuel Kantakouzenos
3306:Nikephoros II Orsini
3221:Demetrios Chomatenos
3181:Nikephoros II Phokas
3099:Theme of Cephallenia
2810:Units of measurement
2544:Panagia Gorgoepikoos
2437:Pammakaristos Church
2285:Corpus Juris Civilis
2236:Missionary activity
1695:Exarchate of Ravenna
1521:Imperial bureaucracy
750:Oikonomides, Nicolas
726:Oikonomides, Nicolas
576:, pp. 109, 112.
339:) or "of the Gulf" (
313:policies of emperor
4001:Medieval Aegean Sea
3653:Battle of Demetrias
3643:Battle of Neopatras
3618:Battle of Pelagonia
3557:Arab–Byzantine wars
3532:Barbarian invasions
3487:Despotate of Epirus
3385:Nicephorus Gregoras
3054:Theme of the Aegean
2334:Culture and society
2197:Ecumenical councils
1700:Exarchate of Africa
1690:Quaestura exercitus
1554:Magister officiorum
1549:Praetorian prefects
1192:Byzantine Dark Ages
648:, pp. 132–133.
525:, pp. 110–112.
480:acquired their own
327:of the Aegean Sea (
78:• Established
4011:843 establishments
3633:Battle of Prinitza
3380:George Akropolites
3356:Thomas Palaiologos
3321:Thomas Preljubović
3291:Michael Monomachos
3104:Theme of Nicopolis
3079:Theme of Macedonia
3074:Macedonia Province
2751:Flags and insignia
2397:Baths of Zeuxippus
2280:Codex Theodosianus
2170:Oriental Orthodoxy
1128:Later Roman Empire
701:Kazhdan, Alexander
636:, pp. 67, 76.
3973:
3972:
3920:Nea Moni of Chios
3848:Soteira Lykodemou
3843:Little Metropolis
3785:Byzantine cuisine
3748:Alexander romance
3420:George Sphrantzes
3375:Niketas Choniates
3261:Demetrios Kydones
3196:Michael Choniates
2999:
2998:
2961:
2960:
2918:Byzantine studies
2893:
2892:
2889:
2888:
2704:Alexander Romance
2562:
2561:
2539:Nea Moni of Chios
2402:Blachernae Palace
2324:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2290:Code of Justinian
2138:Eastern Orthodoxy
2109:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2031:
2030:
1905:Scholae Palatinae
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1766:Foreign relations
1760:
1759:
1654:
1653:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1463:
1267:(1204–1453)
1052:
1051:
929:Cibyrrhaeot Theme
881:Bucellarian Theme
687:Ahrweiler, Hélène
564:, pp. 46–47.
552:, pp. 76–81.
433:(the seat of the
372:Taktikon Uspensky
307:Cibyrrhaeot Theme
279:
201:
200:
183:
182:
179:
178:
159:
158:
4018:
3930:Panagia Episkopi
3838:Daphni Monastery
3584:East-West Schism
3519:
3492:Empire of Nicaea
3341:Gemistos Plethon
3084:Theme of Strymon
3035:
3034:Byzantine Greece
3026:
3019:
3012:
3003:
3002:
2986:
2899:
2898:
2842:Imperial Library
2788:Byzantine Greeks
2529:Daphni Monastery
2480:Panagia Chalkeon
2475:Hagios Demetrios
2442:Prison of Anemas
2392:Basilica Cistern
2350:
2349:
2341:
2340:
2330:
2329:
2185:West Syriac Rite
2175:Alexandrian Rite
2126:
2125:
2119:Religion and law
2115:
2114:
2050:Maritime themata
2006:Palaiologan army
1859:Military manuals
1827:
1826:
1818:
1817:
1807:
1806:
1665:
1664:
1641:Megas logothetes
1492:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1474:
1473:
1347:By modern region
1268:
1215:
1214:(717–1204)
1146:
1108:
1107:
1095:
1094:
1086:Byzantine Empire
1079:
1072:
1065:
1056:
1055:
863:Thracesian Theme
820:Byzantine Empire
809:
802:
795:
786:
785:
780:
759:
745:
720:
696:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
613:
607:
601:
595:
589:
583:
577:
571:
565:
562:Oikonomides 1972
559:
553:
547:
541:
535:
526:
520:
463:Hélène Ahrweiler
284:
274:
272:
232:
231:
214:
175:
174:
163:
162:
150:
149:
136:
135:
129:
128:
113:
112:
54:
39:Byzantine Empire
28:
27:
19:
18:
4026:
4025:
4021:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4015:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3890:Kassiopi Castle
3880:Hexamilion wall
3870:Feraklos Castle
3855:Castle of Chios
3808:
3780:Byzantine dress
3763:Greek Anthology
3738:Byzantine music
3716:
3517:
3511:
3475:
3424:
3410:Joannes Zonaras
3276:Andronikos Asen
3271:Nicholas Orsini
3266:Catalan Company
3256:Gregory Palamas
3161:Irene of Athens
3134:
3064:Theme of Hellas
3049:Achaea Province
3037:
3033:
3030:
3000:
2995:
2992:
2957:
2933:Cyrillic script
2904:
2885:
2830:
2814:
2714:
2696:Digenes Akritas
2672:
2617:
2558:
2522:Other locations
2517:
2489:
2446:
2378:
2367:Cross-in-square
2335:
2316:
2266:
2120:
2101:
2027:
1977:
1973:Varangian Guard
1916:
1890:East Roman army
1885:Late Roman army
1873:
1812:
1793:
1756:
1735:
1704:
1650:
1629:
1625:Epi ton deeseon
1615:Epi tou eidikou
1573:
1537:
1479:
1460:
1447:
1350:
1348:
1341:
1327:Palaiologan era
1269:
1266:
1257:
1228:Nikephorian era
1216:
1213:
1204:
1147:
1145:(330–717)
1144:
1135:
1115:
1102:
1089:
1083:
1053:
1048:
1041:
1030:Cherson/Klimata
951:
829:
813:
783:
777:
742:
728:, eds. (1994).
724:Nesbitt, John;
717:
681:
676:
668:
664:
656:
652:
644:
640:
632:
628:
620:
616:
608:
604:
596:
592:
584:
580:
572:
568:
560:
556:
548:
544:
536:
529:
521:
514:
510:
461:. According to
361:
329:Aigaion Pelagos
291:Aigaion Pelagos
243:
194:
172:
147:
133:
92:
79:
55:
29:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4024:
4014:
4013:
4008:
4006:Byzantine navy
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3965:Trikala Castle
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3875:Gardiki Castle
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3760:
3755:
3750:
3740:
3735:
3732:Macedonian art
3724:
3722:
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3687:
3686:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3609:
3608:
3601:Fourth Crusade
3598:
3597:
3596:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3523:
3521:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3499:
3494:
3489:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3417:
3415:George Kodinos
3412:
3407:
3402:
3400:Michael Glykas
3397:
3392:
3390:John Scylitzes
3387:
3382:
3377:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3343:
3338:
3333:
3328:
3323:
3318:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3293:
3288:
3283:
3281:John II Orsini
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3226:John Apokaukos
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3136:
3135:
3133:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3069:Theme of Samos
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3038:
3029:
3028:
3021:
3014:
3006:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2991:
2990:
2980:
2975:
2969:
2966:
2963:
2962:
2959:
2958:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2895:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2871:
2866:
2865:
2864:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2791:
2790:
2780:
2779:
2778:
2773:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2722:
2720:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2707:
2700:
2699:
2698:
2688:
2682:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2664:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2627:
2625:
2619:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2465:Byzantine Bath
2462:
2456:
2454:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2386:
2384:Constantinople
2380:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2369:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2337:
2336:
2326:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2315:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2282:
2276:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2167:
2166:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2143:Byzantine Rite
2134:
2132:
2122:
2121:
2111:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2047:
2041:
2039:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2023:Grand domestic
2020:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1996:
1989:Komnenian army
1985:
1983:
1979:
1978:
1976:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1915:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1887:
1881:
1879:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1864:Military units
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1834:Battle tactics
1830:
1824:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1770:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1718:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1669:
1662:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1637:
1635:
1631:
1630:
1628:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1528:
1526:Medieval Greek
1518:
1517:
1516:
1511:
1506:
1495:
1489:
1481:
1480:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1465:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1419:
1414:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1353:
1351:
1346:
1343:
1342:
1340:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1297:
1296:
1295:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1281:Fourth Crusade
1272:
1270:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1238:Macedonian era
1235:
1230:
1225:
1219:
1217:
1209:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1171:Theodosian era
1168:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1150:
1148:
1140:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1104:
1103:
1091:
1090:
1082:
1081:
1074:
1067:
1059:
1050:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1039:
1032:
1026:
1020:
1014:
1008:
1002:
996:
990:
984:
978:
972:
966:
959:
957:
953:
952:
950:
949:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
901:
895:
889:
883:
877:
871:
869:Opsician Theme
865:
859:
848:Armeniac Theme
844:
842:Anatolic Theme
837:
835:
831:
830:
812:
811:
804:
797:
789:
782:
781:
775:
760:
746:
740:
721:
715:
703:, ed. (1991).
697:
682:
680:
677:
675:
674:
670:Ahrweiler 1966
662:
660:, p. 112.
650:
646:Ahrweiler 1966
638:
634:Treadgold 1995
626:
624:, p. 108.
622:Ahrweiler 1966
614:
602:
598:Ahrweiler 1966
590:
588:, p. 402.
586:Ahrweiler 1966
578:
566:
554:
550:Ahrweiler 1966
542:
527:
511:
509:
506:
502:Fourth Crusade
486:Constantinople
408:Opsician Theme
402:and later the
360:
357:
242:
239:
235:Byzantine navy
230:θέματα ναυτικᾶ
199:
198:
189:
185:
184:
181:
180:
177:
176:
169:
160:
157:
156:
151:
143:
142:
137:
125:
124:
119:
109:
108:
105:
104:
101:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:Fourth Crusade
87:
84:
83:
80:
77:
74:
73:
70:
69:
66:
65:Historical era
62:
61:
58:
57:
47:
46:
42:
41:
31:
30:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4023:
4012:
4009:
4007:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3955:Porta Panagia
3953:
3951:
3950:Patras Castle
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3885:Hosios Loukas
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3803:
3802:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3795:Byzantine law
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3768:Acritic songs
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3729:
3728:Byzantine art
3726:
3725:
3723:
3719:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3688:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3607:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3533:
3530:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3520:
3514:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3495:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3478:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3431:
3429:Major centres
3427:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3339:
3337:
3334:
3332:
3329:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3304:
3302:
3299:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3289:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3131:
3130:Great Vlachia
3128:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3112:
3111:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3036:
3027:
3022:
3020:
3015:
3013:
3008:
3007:
3004:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2964:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2907:
2900:
2896:
2880:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Encyclopedias
2835:
2834:
2832:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2817:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2796:
2793:
2789:
2786:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2761:Hellenization
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2719:Everyday life
2717:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2691:Acritic songs
2689:
2687:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2648:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2597:
2594:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2569:
2565:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2534:Hosios Loukas
2532:
2530:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2500:
2498:
2496:
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2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
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2457:
2455:
2453:
2449:
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2256:
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2238:
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2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2207:Monophysitism
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Armenian Rite
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2116:
2112:
2098:
2097:Naval battles
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2021:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1990:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1964:
1961:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1891:
1888:
1886:
1883:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
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1823:
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1808:
1804:
1790:
1787:
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1763:
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1707:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
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1681:
1678:
1676:
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1666:
1663:
1661:
1657:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1632:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1620:Protasekretis
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
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1507:
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1502:
1501:
1500:
1497:
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1475:
1471:
1457:
1454:
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1449:
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1442:
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1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
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1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1390:
1388:
1385:
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1279:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1265:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:Komnenian era
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1198:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1186:Heraclian era
1184:
1182:
1181:Justinian era
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1152:
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1044:
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1033:
1031:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1015:
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1007:
1003:
1001:
997:
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991:
989:
985:
983:
979:
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965:
961:
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948:
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926:
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918:
914:
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902:
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890:
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882:
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872:
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866:
864:
860:
857:
853:
849:
845:
843:
839:
838:
836:
832:
827:
826:
825:De Thematibus
822:according to
821:
817:
810:
805:
803:
798:
796:
791:
790:
787:
778:
776:0-8047-3163-2
772:
768:
767:
761:
757:
756:
751:
747:
743:
741:0-88402-226-9
737:
733:
732:
727:
722:
718:
716:0-19-504652-8
712:
708:
707:
702:
698:
694:
693:
688:
684:
683:
672:, p. 79.
671:
666:
659:
654:
647:
642:
635:
630:
623:
618:
611:
606:
599:
594:
587:
582:
575:
570:
563:
558:
551:
546:
539:
534:
532:
524:
519:
517:
512:
505:
503:
499:
498:
493:
492:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
390:
384:
382:
378:
374:
373:
368:
367:
356:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
303:
298:
297:
296:kommerkiarioi
292:
288:
283:
277:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
238:
236:
226:
222:
218:
210:
206:
197:
193:
190:
188:Today part of
186:
170:
168:
165:
164:
161:
155:
152:
145:
144:
141:
138:
131:
130:
127:
126:
123:
120:
118:
115:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
91:
85:
81:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
53:
48:
43:
40:
36:
32:
20:
3799:
3436:Thessaloniki
3405:Anna Komnene
3370:
3296:John Angelos
3171:Nikephoros I
3156:Justinian II
3053:
2702:
2470:Hagia Sophia
2452:Thessalonica
2427:Hagia Sophia
2407:Chora Church
2345:Architecture
2222:Great Schism
2212:Paulicianism
2190:Miaphysitism
2059:
2045:Karabisianoi
1349:or territory
1309:Thessalonica
1293:Latin Empire
1288:Frankokratia
1263:
1223:Isaurian era
1210:
1141:
1126:
1122:Roman Empire
1112:
982:Thessalonica
946:
823:
765:
754:
730:
704:
691:
665:
653:
641:
629:
617:
605:
593:
581:
569:
557:
545:
495:
489:
481:
475:
470:
466:
434:
424:
416:Sklabesianoi
415:
403:
399:
393:
387:
385:
376:
370:
364:
362:
340:
336:
332:
328:
322:
302:Karabisianoi
300:
294:
290:
289:. The term "
247:late antique
244:
216:
204:
202:
122:Succeeded by
121:
116:
3900:Mount Athos
3820:Acrocorinth
3316:Simeon Uroš
3206:Leo Gabalas
3201:Leo Sgouros
3146:Justinian I
2953:Megali Idea
2928:Byzantinism
2631:Agriculture
2422:Hagia Irene
2255:Kievan Rus'
2232:Mount Athos
2055:Cibyrrhaeot
1999:Vestiaritai
1854:Mercenaries
1731:Catepanates
1590:Sakellarios
1509:Family tree
1434:Mesopotamia
1253:Angelid era
1233:Amorian era
1024:Longobardia
1012:Dyrrhachium
1000:Cephallenia
994:Peloponnese
899:Mesopotamia
887:Paphlagonia
467:Dodekanesos
400:droungarios
377:droungarios
349:Dardanelles
337:Dodekanesos
333:droungarios
324:droungarios
117:Preceded by
68:Middle Ages
3980:Categories
3910:Monemvasia
3801:Hexabiblos
3371:Historians
3109:Sclaviniae
2948:Third Rome
2874:University
2857:Philosophy
2847:Inventions
2710:Historians
2678:Literature
2661:Varangians
2503:San Vitale
2432:Hippodrome
2412:City Walls
2312:Mutilation
2307:Hexabiblos
2227:Bogomilism
2217:Iconoclasm
2087:Megas doux
2077:Greek fire
2060:Aegean Sea
1933:Kleisourai
1910:Excubitors
1900:Bucellarii
1752:Despotates
1721:Kleisourai
1660:Provincial
1504:Coronation
1478:Governance
1243:Doukid era
1176:Leonid era
1034:(omitted:
947:Aegean Sea
856:Charsianon
852:Cappadocia
508:References
491:megas doux
311:iconoclast
225:Aegean Sea
3813:Monuments
3151:Heraclius
2776:Octoechos
2656:Silk Road
2148:Hesychasm
2016:Paramonai
1963:Hetaireia
1895:Foederati
1784:Diplomacy
1779:Diplomats
1685:Provinces
1514:Empresses
1317:Trebizond
1113:Preceding
1006:Nicopolis
970:Macedonia
911:Sebasteia
875:Optimates
504:in 1204.
482:strategoi
435:strategos
404:strategos
366:strategos
353:Propontis
276:romanized
221:Byzantine
3667:Palamism
3507:Thessaly
3471:Ioannina
3186:Basil II
3166:Danielis
3125:Tsakonia
3118:Ezeritai
3114:Melingoi
2869:Scholars
2862:Rhetoric
2852:Medicine
2827:Learning
2726:Calendar
2603:Painters
2302:Basilika
2240:Bulgaria
2202:Arianism
2153:Hayhurum
2130:Religion
2092:Admirals
2011:Allagion
1943:Droungos
1849:Generals
1811:Military
1774:Treaties
1680:Dioceses
1499:Emperors
1412:Sardinia
1392:Dalmatia
1372:Bulgaria
1362:Anatolia
1321:Theodoro
1315: /
1311: /
1303: /
1036:Dalmatia
923:Seleucia
917:Lykandos
905:Koloneia
828:(c. 950)
752:(1972).
689:(1966).
459:Cyclades
457:and the
455:Sporades
383:in 843.
253:of the "
251:province
219:) was a
45:843–1204
3915:Mystras
3895:Meteora
3829:Athens
3721:Culture
3518:History
3451:Mystras
3446:Corinth
3176:Basil I
2978:Outline
2923:Museums
2823:Science
2800:Slavery
2756:Gardens
2736:Cuisine
2668:Dynatoi
2636:Coinage
2623:Economy
2591:Mosaics
2554:Mystras
2495:Ravenna
2357:Secular
2245:Moravia
1994:Pronoia
1968:Akritai
1953:Tagmata
1928:Themata
1869:Revolts
1839:Battles
1747:Kephale
1716:Themata
1646:Mesazon
1488:Central
1424:Maghreb
1377:Corsica
1367:Armenia
1357:Albania
1100:History
976:Strymon
893:Chaldia
850:(incl.
818:of the
679:Sources
447:Tenedos
420:marines
389:tourmai
359:History
315:Leo III
287:Tenedos
278::
263:Insulae
255:Islands
241:Origins
88:•
37:of the
3461:Thebes
3456:Patras
3441:Athens
3139:People
2988:Portal
2903:Impact
2783:People
2731:Cities
2581:Enamel
2362:Sacred
2297:Ecloga
2163:Saints
2072:Dromon
1948:Bandon
1938:Tourma
1921:Middle
1844:Beacon
1726:Bandon
1709:Middle
1578:Middle
1533:Senate
1456:Thrace
1439:Serbia
1417:Sicily
1402:Greece
1387:Cyprus
1305:Epirus
1301:Nicaea
1211:Middle
1088:topics
1018:Sicily
988:Hellas
964:Thrace
935:Cyprus
816:Themes
773:
738:
713:
478:Abydos
471:Kolpos
443:Imbros
439:Lemnos
431:Lesbos
381:Lesbos
341:Kolpos
249:civil
196:Turkey
192:Greece
3059:Crete
2973:Index
2805:Death
2795:Women
2766:Music
2746:Dress
2741:Dance
2686:Novel
2646:Trade
2641:Mints
2586:Glass
2576:Icons
2372:Domes
2250:Serbs
2065:Samos
1878:Early
1668:Early
1542:Early
1451:Syria
1429:Malta
1407:Italy
1397:Egypt
1382:Crete
1313:Morea
1142:Early
941:Samos
451:Chios
412:Slavs
395:banda
345:Samos
282:Nēsoi
271:Nήσοι
267:Greek
259:Latin
209:Greek
35:Theme
3758:Suda
3466:Arta
3116:and
2771:Lyra
2651:silk
2262:Jews
2037:Navy
1982:Late
1822:Army
1789:Wars
1740:Late
1634:Late
1264:Late
1028:12.
1022:11.
1016:10.
945:17.
939:16.
933:15.
927:14.
921:13.
915:12.
909:11.
903:10.
854:and
771:ISBN
736:ISBN
711:ISBN
445:and
392:and
203:The
95:1204
2568:Art
2272:Law
1010:9.
1004:8.
998:7.
992:6.
986:5.
980:4.
974:3.
968:2.
962:1.
897:9.
891:8.
885:7.
879:6.
873:5.
867:4.
861:3.
846:2.
840:1.
538:ODB
437:),
257:" (
82:843
3982::
3373::
530:^
515:^
449:,
441:,
355:.
273:,
269::
265:;
261::
215:,
211::
3734:)
3730:(
3669:)
3665:(
3025:e
3018:t
3011:v
1323:)
1319:–
1307:–
1194:"
1190:"
1078:e
1071:t
1064:v
1038:)
858:)
808:e
801:t
794:v
779:.
744:.
719:.
469:/
414:(
207:(
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