269:
815:, that encourages desired behaviours, included high-performance work system. In social media companies, active users is one of the crucial metric that measures the success of the product. Trueman, Wong, and Zhang (2000) have found that in most cases unique visitors and pageviews as a measurement of web-usage accounts for changes in stock prices, and net income in internet companies. Lazer, Lev and Livnat (2001) found that more popular website generated greater stock returns, in their research analysis of traffic data of internet companies through the division of higher and lower than median traffic data. Yielding
31:
779:
companies do not share specific details regarding how they calculate them. Some companies make changes to their calculation method over time. The specific action flagging users as active greatly impacts the quality of the data if it does not accurately reflect engagement with the product, resulting in misleading data. Basic actions such as logging into the product may not be an accurate representation of customer engagement and inflate the number of active users, while uploading content or commenting may be too specific for a product and under-represent user activity.
133:, and ethical factors should be considered thoroughly. It measures how many users visit or interact with the product or service over a given interval or period. However, there is no standard definition of this term, so comparison of the reporting between different providers of this metric is problematic. Also, most providers have the interest to show this number as high as possible, therefore defining even the most minimal interaction as "active". Still the number is a relevant metric to evaluate development of user interaction of a given provider.
684:, and movement or work habits. In some cases, individuals may greatly benefit, but in others they can be harmed. Afolabi and García-Basteiro (2017) believed that informed consent to research studies is beyond "clicking blocks or supplying signature", as participants could have feel pressured in to joining the research, without researcher's awareness of the situation. There is yet to be a universally accepted form of
296:
to build and follow more customer profiles, that is based on customer's needs and consumption patterns. Active user data can be used to determine high traffic periods and create behavior models of users to be used for targeted advertising. The increase of customer profiles, due to increase of active
778:
of a website, logging in, commentating, uploading content, or similar actions which make use of the product. The number of people subscribed to a service may also be considered an active user for its duration. Each company has their own method of determining their number of active users, and many
403:
are through social networks and the web, which have become important part of firm's "information environment" to report financial and non-financial information, according to
Frankel (2004), whereby firm relevant information is being spread and disseminated in short spans of time between networks of
1736:
Patel, Vikram; Saxena, Shekhar; Lund, Crick; Thornicroft, Graham; Baingana, Florence; Bolton, Paul; Chisholm, Dan; Collins, Pamela Y; Cooper, Janice L; Eaton, Julian; Herrman, Helen; Herzallah, Mohammad M; Huang, Yueqin; Jordans, Mark J D; Kleinman, Arthur; Medina-Mora, Maria Elena; Morgan, Ellen;
648:
refers to a situation that participant voluntarily participates in the research with full acknowledgement of the methods of research, risks and rewards associated. With the rise internet being used as a social networking tool, active users may face unique challenges in gaining informed consents.
558:
that represents media and public perception has positive effects on their research participants behavioural intention to use online mental health intervention. Online psychological educational program, a type of online mental health interventions are found to promote well-being, and decreased
218:, such as posts of photos and videos, that "promotes and propagates" social media acceptance, contributing to social-networking-site growth. The growth of social media use, characterised as increase of active users in a pre-determined timeframe, may increase an individual's
206:
and retention rate over time. A higher ratio represents a larger retention probability, which often indicates success of a product. Ratios of 0.15 and above are believed to be a tipping point for growth while sustained ratios of 0.2 and above mark lasting success.
594:, which can be classified and grouped into categories. These categories have accuracy that ranges from 84%–92%. Based on the number of user's in a particular group, the internet object associated with it, can be deemed as "trending", and as an "area of interest".
181:
Active users on any time scale offers a rough overview of the amount of returning customers a product maintains, and comparing the changes in this number can be used to predict growth or decline in consumer numbers. In a commercial context, the success of a
810:
who uses registered members, page visits and views. For example, a customer who uses the
Facebook once, to "comment" or "share content", may also be counted as an "active user". A potential cause for these inaccuracies in measurement is the implemented
333:
defines that objective of financial reporting is provide relevant and material financial information to financial statement users to allow for decision making and ensure an efficient economic |resource allocation. All reporting entities, primarily
610:, ethical considerations have also shifted from data-driven to "human-centered", further complicating the ethical issues relating with concepts of public and private on online domains, whereby researchers and subjects do not fully understand the
739:
methods of the active users metric. These differences often cause differences in the variable that the metric is measuring. Wyatt (2008) argues that there is evidence that some metrics reported by social media companies do not appear to be
917:"Spotify for instance defines monthly active users as "..the total count of Ad-Supported Users and Premium Subscribers that have consumed content for greater than zero milliseconds in the last thirty days from the period-end indicated""
570:
with churn rates, with "shorter play times and lower play count" associated with higher churn rates. Jia et Al. (2015) showed that there are social structures that transpire or emerge and centred around highly active players, with
2336:
Cohen, Jeffrey; Holder-Webb, Lori; Nath, Leda; Wood, David (January 1, 2011). "Retail
Investors' Perceptions of the Decision-Usefulness of Economic Performance, Governance, and Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosures".
864:. Buchanan and Gillies (1990) and Reichheld and Schefter (2000) argues that post-adoption behaviours and continuous usage is "relatively more important than first-time or initial usage" as it shows "the degree of
1738:
1737:
Niaz, Unaiza; Omigbodun, Olayinka; Prince, Martin; Rahman, Atif; Saraceno, Benedetto; Sarkar, Bidyut K; De Silva, Mary; Singh, Ilina; Stein, Dan J; Sunkel, Charlene; UnÜtzer, JÜrgen (October 2018).
129:, such as in user behavior analytics and predictive analytics. Although having extensive uses in digital behavioural learning, prediction and reporting, it also has impacts on the privacy and
1610:
Cohen, Jeffrey R.; Holder-Webb, Lori L.; Nath, Leda; Wood, David (March 1, 2012). "Corporate
Reporting of Nonfinancial Leading Indicators of Economic Performance and Sustainability".
782:
Weitz, Henry and
Rosenthal (2014) suggested that factors that may affect accuracy of metrics like active users include issues relating to definition and calculation, circumstances of
634:
research. Boehlefeld (1996) noted that researchers usually refer to ethical principals in their respective disciplines, as they seek guidance and recommended the guidelines by the
1081:
Chen, Aihui; Lu, Yaobin; Chau, Patrick Y.K.; Gupta, Sumeet (July 3, 2014). "Classifying, Measuring, and
Predicting Users' Overall Active Behavior on Social Networking Sites".
752:
users. Luft (2009) conveyed that non-financial metric, like active users, there presents challenges in measurement accuracy and appropriateness in weighting when coupled with
458:
between disclosure practices based on industries and sizes. In 2008, the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission took a cautious approach in revising their public disclosure
2539:
Kang, Jun-Koo; Lee, Inmoo; Na, Hyun Seung (June 2010). "Economic shock, owner-manager incentives, and corporate restructuring: Evidence from the financial crisis in Korea".
2239:
Regan, Priscilla M.; Jesse, Jolene (September 2019). "Ethical challenges of edtech, big data and personalized learning: twenty-first century student sorting and tracking".
2424:
Jenkins, G. Douglas Jr.; Mitra, Atul; Gupta, Nina; Shaw, Jason D. (1998). "Are financial incentives related to performance? A meta-analytic review of empirical research".
1303:
Dehghani, Milad; Niaki, Mojtaba
Khorram; Ramezani, Iman; Sali, Rasoul (June 2016). "Evaluating the influence of YouTube advertising for attraction of young customers".
202:
future success, in measuring the growth and current volume of users visiting and consuming the site. The ratio of DAU and MAU offers a rudimentary method to estimate
1827:
Hoffmann, Willem A. (January 2006). "Telematic
Technologies in Mental Health Caring: A Web-Based Psychoeducational Program for Adolescent Suicide Survivors".
1116:
Fulk, Janet; Steinfield, Charles W.; Schmitz, Joseph; Power, J. Gerard (October 1987). "A Social
Information Processing Model of Media Use in Organizations".
354:. In social media company's context, there is also reporting of non-financial information, such as the number of users (active users). Examples may include:
2026:
Buchanan, E., & Zimmer, M. (2018). Internet Research Ethics. In The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University.
1784:
Chuenphitthayavut, Krittipat; Zihuang, Tang; Zhu, Tingshao (June 2020). "The prediction of behavioral intention to use online mental health interventions".
1151:
Cyr, Dianne; Hassanein, Khaled; Head, Milena; Ivanov, Alex (January 2007). "The role of social presence in establishing loyalty in e-Service environments".
1467:
Frankel, Richard; Li, Xu (June 2004). "Characteristics of a firm's information environment and the information asymmetry between insiders and outsiders".
1529:
Saxton, Gregory D. (September 2012). "New Media and External Accounting Information: A Critical Review: New Media and External Accounting Information".
2628:
Venkatesh, Viswanath; Morris, Michael G.; Davis, Gordon B.; Davis, Fred D. (2003). "User Acceptance of Information Technology: Toward a Unified View".
321:" significantly. DeZoysa (2002) found that consumers are more likely to open and responsive on personalised advertisements that are relevant to them.
342:
are required by law to adhere to disclosure and accounting standards requirements. For example, in Australia, companies are required to comply with
997:
1644:
U.S. Securities & Exchange Commission. (2008). Commission guidance on the use of company web sites (Release No. 34- 58288). Retrieved from
1365:
Bleier, Alexander; Eisenbeiss, Maik (September 2015). "Personalized Online Advertising Effectiveness: The Interplay of What, When, and Where".
657:, ways and practicality in which researchers inform, and "when" it is appropriate to waive the consent. Crawford and Schultz (2014) have noted
889:
Henry TF, Rosenthal DA, Weitz RR (September 2014). "Socially Awkward: Social Media Companies' Nonfinancial Metrics Can Send a Mixed Message".
2574:
Li, Dahui; Browne, Glenn J.; Chau, Patrick Y. K. (August 2006). "An Empirical Investigation of Web Site Use Using a Commitment-Based Model".
1250:
186:
is generally associated with a growing network of active users (greater volume of site visits), social relationships amongst those users and
2671:
Buchanan, Robin W.T.; Gillies, Crawford S. (December 1990). "Value managed relationships: The key to customer retention and profitability".
823:. Kang, Lee and Na's (2010) research on the global financial crisis in 2007–2008 highlights the importance of prevention of "expropriation
2601:
Kim, Sung S.; Malhotra, Naresh K. (February 2005). "Predicting System Usage from Intention and Past Use: Scale Issues in the Predictors".
554:. Through web-behavioural analysis, Chuenphitthayavut, Zihuang, and Zhu (2020) discovered that the promotion of informational, social and
2066:
Hudson, James M.; Bruckman, Amy (April 2004). "'Go Away': Participant Objections to Being Studied and the Ethics of Chatroom Research".
916:
2274:
Wyatt, Anne (January 2008). "What financial and non-financial information on intangibles is value-relevant? A review of the evidence".
2142:
Grady, Christine; Cummings, Steven R.; Rowbotham, Michael C.; McConnell, Michael V.; Ashley, Euan A.; Kang, Gagandeep (March 2, 2017).
699:
and integrity, a critical ethics consideration, but there has been attempts to design a process to oversee the research activities and
417:
2406:
226:
can be defined as the degree to which a social-networking communications medium allows an individual to feel present with others.
2459:
Trueman, Brett; Wong, M. H. Franco; Zhang, Xiao-Jun (2000). "The Eyeballs Have It: Searching for the Value in Internet Stocks".
940:
1929:
Jia, Adele Lu; Shen, Siqi; Bovenkamp, Ruud Van De; Iosup, Alexandru; Kuipers, Fernando; Epema, Dick H. J. (October 26, 2015).
347:
2183:
434:
companies, including active users, may give not desirable assurance in success measurements, as the guidance, and reporting
330:
774:
performing specific actions which data collectors deem as a sign of activity. These actions include visiting the home or
2309:
Luft, Joan (September 1, 2009). "Nonfinancial Information and Accounting: A Reconsideration of Benefits and Challenges".
635:
787:
470:
by themselves". Alexander, Raquel, Gendry and James (2014) recommended that executives and managers should take a more
661:
to be "innumerable" and "yet-to-be-determined" before the research is conducted. Grady et al. (2017) pointed out that
853:
behaviour's effects on post-adoption behaviour, that is predicted by past research has suggested, is found to have
450:. Cohen et al. (2012) research on a set of economic performance indicators found that there is a lack of extensive
676:(their clicks, readings, movements) and contents consumed and with data-analytics produced inferences about their
2746:
2731:
416:
on buying and selling stocks. Studies by Frieder and Zittrain (2007) have raised new concerns about how digital
46:
566:
of online games. For example, active user's features such "active Duration" and "play count" can have inverse
2736:
535:. Lewis, Wyatt, and Jeremy (2015), for example, have used this metric conducted a research in the fields of
2741:
237:
on the system, and thus would form "high behaviour intention to use it". Munnukka (2007) have found strong
1658:
Alexander, Raquel Meyer; Gentry, James K. (March 2014). "Using social media to report financial results".
1223:
Munnukka, Juha (October 30, 2007). "Characteristics of early adopters in mobile communications markets".
770:
Active users are calculated using the internal data of the specific company. Data is collected based on
1930:
854:
567:
539:
to study quality and impacts of a mobile application and predicted usage limits of these applications.
254:
238:
1583:
Admiraal, Michèl; Nivra, Royal; Turksema, Rudi (July 2009). "Reporting on Nonfinancial Information".
1040:"Understanding repeat playing behavior in casual games using a Bayesian data augmentation approach".
665:
can assist in obtaining consent without the in-person meeting of investigators (researchers) and the
532:
467:
404:
investors, journalists, and other intermediaries and stakeholders. Investment blogs aggregator, like
293:
250:
183:
98:
1192:
276:
Greater number active users boost the number of visits on particular sites. With more traffic, more
2473:
764:
741:
650:
451:
439:
281:
268:
2080:
711:'s expectations. There are also policy debates around ethical issues regarding the integration of
30:
2217:
812:
500:
479:
463:
195:
1178:
Moon, Ji-Won; Kim, Young-Gul (February 2001). "Extending the TAM for a World-Wide-Web context".
2468:
2075:
2039:
Boehlefeld, Sharon Polancic (June 1996). "Doing the Right Thing: Ethical Cyberspace Research".
2027:
1276:
Chen, Rui (February 2013). "Member use of social networking sites — an empirical examination".
1187:
712:
576:
543:
455:
339:
223:
219:
215:
187:
2504:
Lazer, Ron; Lev, Baruch; Livnat, Joshua (May 2001). "Internet Traffic and Portfolio Returns".
1330:
Rao, Bharat; Minakakis, Louis (December 2003). "Evolution of mobile location-based services".
1022:
761:
638:
to assist researchers of their responsibilities in their research studies in technological or
2707:
2124:
1592:
1569:
420:
351:
265:, revenue still exceeded estimates, with strong similar strong trends in the current period.
258:
191:
2698:
Reichheld, Frederick F; Schefter, Phil (2000). "E-loyalty: Your secret weapon on the Web".
1981:
1883:
1687:"App Usage Factor: A Simple Metric to Compare the Population Impact of Mobile Medical Apps"
1411:
828:
688:
685:
666:
623:
508:
504:
35:
Number of new and active Knowledge users in Indonesia between September 2010 and March 2012
8:
1427:
858:
816:
757:
749:
654:
562:
In the fields of online-gaming, active users is quite useful in behaviour prediction and
343:
253:. However, there are also cases where active users and revenue seemed to have a negative
203:
94:
1985:
1887:
1645:
1056:
902:
2653:
2645:
2556:
2521:
2486:
2441:
2354:
2291:
2256:
2093:
2004:
1969:
1950:
1906:
1871:
1852:
1809:
1766:
1713:
1686:
1627:
1511:
1449:
1347:
1205:
1133:
1098:
971:
846:
820:
795:
520:
475:
424:
413:
277:
176:
79:
1754:
1201:
2684:
2614:
2587:
2560:
2525:
2358:
2295:
2165:
2009:
1954:
1911:
1844:
1813:
1801:
1758:
1718:
1631:
1565:
1557:
1542:
1507:
1453:
1137:
948:
898:
832:
512:
483:
459:
409:
310:
262:
59:
2657:
2445:
2260:
2112:
2097:
1856:
1770:
1515:
1209:
1102:
2680:
2637:
2610:
2583:
2552:
2548:
2513:
2478:
2433:
2385:
2346:
2318:
2283:
2248:
2198:
2155:
2085:
2048:
1999:
1989:
1942:
1931:"Socializing by Gaming: Revealing Social Relationships in Multiplayer Online Games"
1901:
1891:
1836:
1793:
1750:
1708:
1698:
1667:
1619:
1538:
1503:
1476:
1439:
1374:
1351:
1339:
1312:
1285:
1232:
1197:
1160:
1125:
1090:
672:
A large number of researches is based on individualised data, that encompass users
611:
272:
Number of new articles (red line) and active users (blue line) on Swedish Knowledge
87:
2287:
2113:"Big Data and Due Process: Toward a Framework to Redress Predictive Privacy Harms"
1480:
2128:
1994:
1896:
1671:
1164:
1094:
803:
799:
700:
696:
681:
673:
627:
550:$ 16 Trillion U.S. Dollars by 2030, if there is a lack of resource allocated for
447:
302:
298:
2711:
1596:
614:
Ethical considerations need to be considered in terms of participative consent,
2437:
2350:
2322:
1410:
FASB. (2008). Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1. Retrieved from
1129:
819:
more returns may sway investors to vote on a more favourable bonus package for
791:
723:
children are perceived to be most vulnerable segment of the entire population.
547:
368:
335:
122:
2252:
2089:
1840:
1316:
1289:
1236:
972:"How Slack Plans to Make It Easier to Chat With Colleagues at Other Companies"
2725:
2390:
2373:
1968:
Li, Lin; Li, Ang; Hao, Bibo; Guan, Zengda; Zhu, Tingshao (January 22, 2014).
1494:
Rubin, Amir; Rubin, Eran (July 2010). "Informed Investors and the Internet".
869:
865:
775:
615:
607:
551:
405:
400:
314:
242:
211:
130:
110:
2517:
1870:
Kim, Seungwook; Choi, Daeyoung; Lee, Eunjung; Rhee, Wonjong (July 5, 2017).
1444:
2169:
2013:
1915:
1848:
1805:
1762:
1739:"The Lancet Commission on global mental health and sustainable development"
1722:
1378:
732:
591:
580:
443:
431:
2160:
2143:
1343:
494:
82:
that is commonly used to measure the level of engagement for a particular
2202:
1558:"Spam Works: Evidence from Stock Touts and Corresponding Market Activity"
771:
736:
720:
692:
619:
536:
528:
524:
289:
285:
102:
90:
or visitors within a relevant range of time (daily, weekly and monthly).
86:
product or object, by quantifying the number of active interactions from
2649:
1970:"Predicting Active Users' Personality Based on Micro-Blogging Behaviors"
1872:"Churn prediction of mobile and online casual games using play log data"
1428:"Limitations of Nonfinancial Metrics Reported by Social Media Companies"
2490:
1623:
861:
753:
677:
662:
639:
563:
435:
318:
234:
210:
Chen, Lu, Chau, and Gupta (2014) argues that greater numbers of users (
199:
106:
2052:
1703:
2641:
1797:
824:
783:
745:
704:
603:
572:
542:
Active users can also be used in studies that addresses the issue of
516:
306:
2482:
1946:
177:
Predictors of success engagement measurement (KPI) and advertisement
850:
842:
838:
807:
790:
and user-shared, duplicate or fake accounts. The authors describes
716:
708:
631:
555:
471:
257:. For instance, Snap Inc.'s gains in daily active users (DAU) have
246:
230:
126:
118:
83:
998:"Twitter reveals its daily active user numbers for the first time"
658:
645:
430:
Admiraal (2009) emphasised that nonfinancial metrics reported by
388:
378:
114:
2218:"Evolving the IRB: Building Robust Review for Industry Research"
1426:
Weitz, Rob; Henry, Theresa; Rosenthal, David (January 1, 2014).
802:
past 30 days, have used the messenger, and took action to share
2141:
229:
Moon and Kim's (2001) research results found that individual's
1432:
Journal of International Technology and Information Management
1392:
DeZoysa, Sanjima. "Mobile advertising needs to get personal".
1251:"Snap's Missed User Target Shows Challenge Predicting Growth"
827:" of investors, that provides very prominent implications on
301:
advertisements. Bleier and Eisenbeiss (2015) found that more
2028:
https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-internet-research/
462:
for social media companies and claim the information to be "
1783:
849:
may also depend on trust and the alternatives quality. Pre-
735:
companies have their respective differences definition and
584:
1735:
1685:
Lewis, Thomas Lorchan; Wyatt, Jeremy C (August 19, 2015).
1115:
756:
reporting measures. There has been increasing notice from
2627:
2407:"Those Millions on Facebook? Some May Not Actually Visit"
1302:
597:
241:
between positive previous experience of related types of
2335:
1609:
1412:
http://www.fasb.org/resources/ccurl/816/894/aop_CON1.pdf
726:
495:
Researching and web-behavioural analysis and prediction
1150:
2423:
1928:
1582:
590:
The Active Users metric can be used to predict one's
499:
The active user metric can be particularly useful in
446:
of the information are too few and have not yet been
373:
Daily Active Users (DAU), Monthly Active Users (MAU)
16:
Performance metric for success of an internet product
1646:
http://www.sec.gov/rules/interp/%202008/34-58288.pdf
1425:
1421:
1419:
947:. AppStoreGrowth. December 11, 2019. Archived from
888:
383:Monthly Active Users (MAU), Timeline Views Per MAU
2372:Park, Patrick; Macy, Michael (December 27, 2015).
857:with factors such as habit, gender and some other
845:of users. Users commitment to a particular online
2697:
1935:ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data
2723:
2458:
2216:Jackman, Molly; Kanerva, Lauri (June 14, 2016).
1416:
1364:
511:can be applied in a variety of fields including
2670:
2111:Crawford, Kate; Schultz, Jason (January 2014).
2110:
1657:
1555:
1080:
2503:
2215:
2065:
1869:
1556:Frieder, Laura L.; Zittrain, Jonathan (2007).
324:
233:of web systems have positive impacts on their
136:This metric is commonly assessed per month as
2573:
1585:International Journal of Government Auditing
1496:Journal of Business Finance & Accounting
1329:
2600:
1967:
507:. The active user metric in the context of
2238:
2038:
1684:
1493:
868:", and that ultimately produces long term
408:, has become significant for professional
29:
2538:
2472:
2389:
2159:
2079:
2003:
1993:
1905:
1895:
1712:
1702:
1466:
1443:
1191:
1083:Journal of Management Information Systems
618:, and disciplinary-industry-professional
2405:Sorkin, Andrew Ross (February 6, 2012).
2371:
1826:
1222:
837:Active user is limited in examining pre-
606:into a tool used for communications and
267:
1177:
399:Alternative methods of reporting these
2724:
2404:
1528:
1054:
995:
969:
616:data confidentiality-privacy-integrity
598:Ethical considerations and limitations
2273:
1225:Marketing Intelligence & Planning
1023:"Definition of Peak Concurrent Users"
348:Australian Accounting Standards Board
2308:
2222:Washington and Lee Law Review Online
1691:Journal of Medical Internet Research
1275:
1042:Quantitative Marketing and Economics
727:Technical limitations and challenges
489:
288:'s purpose of social media usage is
190:. Active Users can be used as a key
1469:Journal of Accounting and Economics
1391:
649:Ethical considerations may include
636:Association for Computing Machinery
331:Financial Accounting Standard Board
280:will be attracted, contributing to
171:
13:
14:
2758:
2339:Behavioral Research in Accounting
2241:Ethics and Information Technology
882:
748:, but is still value-relevant to
2615:10.1111/j.1540-5915.2005.00070.x
2588:10.1111/j.1540-5414.2006.00133.x
2276:Accounting and Business Research
1543:10.1111/j.1835-2561.2012.00176.x
1508:10.1111/j.1468-5957.2010.02187.x
1394:Telecommunications International
2691:
2664:
2621:
2594:
2567:
2532:
2497:
2452:
2417:
2398:
2365:
2329:
2302:
2267:
2232:
2209:
2191:New England Journal of Medicine
2176:
2148:New England Journal of Medicine
2135:
2104:
2059:
2032:
2020:
1961:
1922:
1863:
1829:Issues in Mental Health Nursing
1820:
1777:
1729:
1678:
1651:
1638:
1603:
1576:
1549:
1522:
1487:
1460:
1404:
1385:
1358:
1323:
1296:
1269:
1243:
1216:
1171:
1144:
1109:
970:Darrow B (September 12, 2017).
297:users, ensures a more relevant
292:. Active Users increase allows
2553:10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2009.12.001
2461:Journal of Accounting Research
1074:
1048:
1033:
1015:
989:
963:
933:
909:
313:responses" and strengthen the
1:
2426:Journal of Applied Psychology
2374:"The paradox of active users"
2288:10.1080/00014788.2008.9663336
1755:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)31612-x
1481:10.1016/j.jacceco.2003.09.004
1202:10.1016/S0378-7206(00)00061-6
1055:Lovell N (October 26, 2011).
996:Shaban H (February 7, 2019).
875:
744:, as it requires categorical
713:edtech (education technology)
2685:10.1016/0263-2373(90)90115-M
2541:Journal of Corporate Finance
1995:10.1371/journal.pone.0084997
1897:10.1371/journal.pone.0180735
1672:10.1016/j.bushor.2013.10.009
1562:Berkman Center Working Paper
1531:Australian Accounting Review
1180:Information & Management
1165:10.1016/j.intcom.2006.07.010
1095:10.1080/07421222.2014.995557
941:"Monthly Active Users (MAU)"
806:and activity differing from
93:The metric has many uses in
7:
2673:European Management Journal
1305:Computers in Human Behavior
813:Pay-for-Performance systems
423:have the ability to affect
418:communications technologies
325:External reporting purposes
299:personalised and customised
251:site communication services
10:
2763:
2506:Financial Analysts Journal
2438:10.1037/0021-9010.83.5.777
2351:10.2308/bria.2011.23.1.109
2323:10.2308/acch.2009.23.3.307
1153:Interacting with Computers
1130:10.1177/009365087014005005
719:education environment, as
695:in terms of data-privacy,
663:technological advancements
482:, ensuring investor's and
99:social networking services
2253:10.1007/s10676-018-9492-2
2197:(20): e43. May 18, 2017.
2117:Boston College Law Review
2090:10.1080/01972240490423030
1841:10.1080/01612840600599978
1332:Communications of the ACM
1317:10.1016/j.chb.2016.01.037
1290:10.1016/j.dss.2012.10.028
1237:10.1108/02634500710834188
765:conventions of disclosure
336:publicly listed companies
309:advertisements increase "
65:
55:
45:
40:
28:
23:
2391:10.1177/2053951715606164
1278:Decision Support Systems
653:to the participants and
577:multiplayer online-games
480:corporate communications
261:or decreased during the
2700:Harvard Business Review
2518:10.2469/faj.v57.n3.2448
2068:The Information Society
2041:The Information Society
1445:10.58729/1941-6679.1074
945:AppStore Knowledge Base
831:, especially during an
786:inflation, uncertainty
486:needs are jointly met.
350:, which is part of the
294:social-networking sites
214:) will lead to greater
2747:Video game terminology
2732:Advertising indicators
2384:(2): 205395171560616.
2378:Big Data & Society
1379:10.1287/mksc.2015.0930
1118:Communication Research
1057:"DAU/MAU = engagement"
891:Journal of Accountancy
767:of these information.
544:mental health problems
393:Active Customer Units
363:Non-financial metrics
273:
216:user-generated content
184:social-networking-site
2161:10.1056/nejmra1603773
1344:10.1145/953460.953490
794:monthly active users
667:research participants
559:suicidal conception.
501:behavioural analytics
474:approach in managing
421:information reporting
352:Corporations Act 2001
271:
192:performance indicator
162:peak concurrent users
2737:Internet terminology
2203:10.1056/NEJMc1704010
1749:(10157): 1553–1598.
829:corporate governance
821:executive management
682:social relationships
612:terms and conditions
602:With the internet's
546:that could cost the
509:predictive analytics
505:predictive analytics
438:that safeguards the
344:accounting standards
138:monthly active users
2742:Marketing analytics
2311:Accounting Horizons
1986:2014PLoSO...984997L
1888:2017PLoSO..1280735K
1612:Accounting Horizons
1002:The Washington Post
750:financial statement
703:to better meet the
655:age appropriateness
651:degree of knowledge
575:similarity between
425:market participants
317:of "the advertised
204:customer engagement
146:weekly active users
95:software management
41:General information
2184:"Informed Consent"
2144:"Informed Consent"
1624:10.2308/acch-50073
841:and post-adoption
592:personality traits
476:investor relations
410:financial analysts
284:. In 2014, 88% of
282:revenue generation
274:
188:generated contents
154:daily active users
80:performance metric
2603:Decision Sciences
2576:Decision Sciences
2053:10.1080/713856136
1704:10.2196/jmir.4284
1660:Business Horizons
1367:Marketing Science
760:and academia. on
556:emotional support
533:social networking
513:actuarial science
490:Usage in academia
397:
396:
340:private companies
263:COVID-19 Pandemic
73:
72:
60:Media consumption
2754:
2716:
2715:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2642:10.2307/30036540
2625:
2619:
2618:
2598:
2592:
2591:
2571:
2565:
2564:
2536:
2530:
2529:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2476:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2421:
2415:
2414:
2402:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2333:
2327:
2326:
2306:
2300:
2299:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2236:
2230:
2229:
2213:
2207:
2206:
2188:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2163:
2139:
2133:
2132:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2083:
2063:
2057:
2056:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2007:
1997:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1909:
1899:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1824:
1818:
1817:
1798:10.1002/pchj.333
1781:
1775:
1774:
1733:
1727:
1726:
1716:
1706:
1682:
1676:
1675:
1655:
1649:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1607:
1601:
1600:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1502:(7–8): 841–865.
1491:
1485:
1484:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1447:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1401:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1362:
1356:
1355:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1284:(3): 1219–1227.
1273:
1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1195:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1037:
1031:
1030:
1019:
1013:
1012:
1010:
1008:
993:
987:
986:
984:
982:
967:
961:
960:
958:
956:
951:on March 8, 2021
937:
931:
930:
928:
926:
921:
913:
907:
906:
886:
866:consumer loyalty
800:registered users
758:business presses
646:Informed consent
521:finance services
357:
356:
172:Commercial usage
33:
21:
20:
2762:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2696:
2692:
2669:
2665:
2626:
2622:
2599:
2595:
2572:
2568:
2537:
2533:
2502:
2498:
2483:10.2307/2672912
2457:
2453:
2422:
2418:
2403:
2399:
2370:
2366:
2334:
2330:
2307:
2303:
2272:
2268:
2237:
2233:
2214:
2210:
2186:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2140:
2136:
2109:
2105:
2064:
2060:
2037:
2033:
2025:
2021:
1966:
1962:
1947:10.1145/2736698
1927:
1923:
1882:(7): e0180735.
1868:
1864:
1825:
1821:
1782:
1778:
1734:
1730:
1683:
1679:
1656:
1652:
1643:
1639:
1608:
1604:
1581:
1577:
1554:
1550:
1527:
1523:
1492:
1488:
1465:
1461:
1424:
1417:
1409:
1405:
1390:
1386:
1363:
1359:
1328:
1324:
1301:
1297:
1274:
1270:
1260:
1258:
1257:. July 21, 2020
1249:
1248:
1244:
1221:
1217:
1193:10.1.1.859.5396
1176:
1172:
1149:
1145:
1114:
1110:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1053:
1049:
1039:
1038:
1034:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1006:
1004:
994:
990:
980:
978:
968:
964:
954:
952:
939:
938:
934:
924:
922:
919:
915:
914:
910:
887:
883:
878:
833:economic shock.
729:
701:data collection
697:confidentiality
674:online identity
628:cloud computing
600:
497:
492:
454:and a material
414:recommendations
327:
224:Social presence
220:social presence
179:
174:
144:), per week as
36:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2760:
2750:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2718:
2717:
2706:(4): 105–113.
2690:
2679:(4): 523–526.
2663:
2636:(3): 425–478.
2620:
2609:(1): 187–196.
2593:
2582:(3): 427–444.
2566:
2547:(3): 333–351.
2531:
2496:
2474:10.1.1.195.103
2451:
2432:(5): 777–787.
2416:
2397:
2364:
2345:(1): 109–129.
2328:
2317:(3): 307–325.
2301:
2282:(3): 217–256.
2266:
2247:(3): 167–179.
2231:
2208:
2175:
2154:(9): 856–867.
2134:
2103:
2074:(2): 127–139.
2058:
2047:(2): 141–152.
2031:
2019:
1960:
1921:
1862:
1835:(5): 461–474.
1819:
1792:(3): 370–382.
1776:
1728:
1677:
1666:(2): 161–167.
1650:
1637:
1602:
1575:
1548:
1537:(3): 286–302.
1521:
1486:
1475:(2): 229–259.
1459:
1415:
1403:
1384:
1373:(5): 669–688.
1357:
1322:
1295:
1268:
1242:
1231:(7): 719–731.
1215:
1186:(4): 217–230.
1170:
1143:
1124:(5): 529–552.
1108:
1089:(3): 213–253.
1073:
1047:
1032:
1014:
988:
962:
932:
908:
880:
879:
877:
874:
859:socio-cultural
728:
725:
599:
596:
548:global economy
496:
493:
491:
488:
395:
394:
391:
385:
384:
381:
375:
374:
371:
365:
364:
361:
326:
323:
249:of new mobile
243:communications
212:early adopters
178:
175:
173:
170:
152:), per day as
123:online banking
78:is a software
71:
70:
67:
63:
62:
57:
53:
52:
51:Product metric
49:
43:
42:
38:
37:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2759:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2713:
2709:
2705:
2701:
2694:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2630:MIS Quarterly
2624:
2616:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2597:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2570:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2535:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2427:
2420:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2368:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2340:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2270:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2235:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2185:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2123:(1): 93–128.
2122:
2118:
2114:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2081:10.1.1.72.635
2077:
2073:
2069:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2035:
2029:
2023:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1980:(1): e84997.
1979:
1975:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1823:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1786:PsyCh Journal
1780:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
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1641:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1598:
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1590:
1586:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1552:
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1540:
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1532:
1525:
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1509:
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1497:
1490:
1482:
1478:
1474:
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1463:
1455:
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1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1422:
1420:
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1407:
1399:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1361:
1353:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1338:(12): 61–65.
1337:
1333:
1326:
1318:
1314:
1310:
1306:
1299:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1272:
1256:
1255:Bloomberg.com
1252:
1246:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1174:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1077:
1062:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1018:
1003:
999:
992:
977:
973:
966:
950:
946:
942:
936:
918:
912:
904:
900:
896:
892:
885:
881:
873:
871:
870:product value
867:
863:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:specification
785:
780:
777:
773:
768:
766:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
738:
734:
724:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
690:
687:
683:
679:
675:
670:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
647:
643:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
622:and accepted
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:socialisation
605:
595:
593:
588:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
565:
560:
557:
553:
552:mental health
549:
545:
540:
538:
534:
530:
529:online-gaming
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
487:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
428:
426:
422:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:Seeking Alpha
402:
392:
390:
387:
386:
382:
380:
377:
376:
372:
370:
367:
366:
362:
359:
358:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
332:
322:
320:
316:
315:effectiveness
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
270:
266:
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
227:
225:
221:
217:
213:
208:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
169:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
111:web analytics
108:
104:
100:
96:
91:
89:
85:
81:
77:
69:DAU, WAU, MAU
68:
64:
61:
58:
54:
50:
48:
44:
39:
32:
27:
22:
19:
2703:
2699:
2693:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2633:
2629:
2623:
2606:
2602:
2596:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2544:
2540:
2534:
2512:(3): 30–40.
2509:
2505:
2499:
2464:
2460:
2454:
2429:
2425:
2419:
2410:
2400:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2342:
2338:
2331:
2314:
2310:
2304:
2279:
2275:
2269:
2244:
2240:
2234:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2194:
2190:
2178:
2151:
2147:
2137:
2120:
2116:
2106:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2044:
2040:
2034:
2022:
1977:
1973:
1963:
1938:
1934:
1924:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1832:
1828:
1822:
1789:
1785:
1779:
1746:
1742:
1731:
1694:
1690:
1680:
1663:
1659:
1653:
1640:
1618:(1): 65–90.
1615:
1611:
1605:
1591:(3): 15–20.
1588:
1584:
1578:
1561:
1551:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1435:
1431:
1406:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1370:
1366:
1360:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1308:
1304:
1298:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1259:. Retrieved
1254:
1245:
1228:
1224:
1218:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1159:(1): 43–56.
1156:
1152:
1146:
1121:
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