152:
3372:
3066:
692:
852:) and often delegated judicial powers to members of the council or other officials. There were also juries of provincials, composed of both Greeks and Roman citizens resident in the province. Cases regarding borders between provinces, free cities, and Roman colonies were usually decided by the emperor. Cases could only be appealed to these authorities if they involved more than a certain amount of money, involved status, or carried the death penalty.
24:
669:
271:
2385:
of late-antique Greece displayed a marked degree of continuity. Scenarios of barbarian destruction, civic decay, and manorialization simply do not fit. In fact, the city as an institution appears to have prospered in Greece during this period. It was not until the end of the 6th century (and maybe not even then) that the dissolution of the city became a problem in Greece. If the early 6th century
407:, thus free from military men and legions, and one of the most prestigious and sought-after provinces for senators to govern. Athens was the primary center of education for the imperial elite, rivaled only by Alexandria, and one of the most important cities in the Empire. Achaia was among the most prosperous and peaceful parts of the Roman world until
2389:
of
Hierokles is taken at face value, late-antique Greece was highly urbanized and contained approximately eighty cities. This extreme prosperity is born out by recent archaeological surveys in the Aegean. For late-antique Greece, a paradigm of prosperity and transformation is more accurate and useful
535:
in 94 BC. The cities probably sought these treaties as a way of safeguarding their territory from their larger neighbours. Rome was increasingly called upon by the Greek communities to arbitrate in disputes between them, instead of seeking inter-state arbitration as had been common in the
Hellenistic
2384:
in the late antique and early
Byzantine world have become a vexed question, for a variety of reasons. Students of this subject continue to contend with scholars of earlier periods who adhere to a much-outdated vision of late antiquity as a decadent decline into impoverished fragmentation. The cities
509:
passed laws "contrary to the type of government granted by the Romans," staged a revolution, and destroyed their town hall and official records. At the request of the
Dymaean town councillors, Quintus Fabius Maximus issued a ruling, sentencing the revolutionaries to death. An inscription recording
785:
of Athens before he became emperor. He carried out constitutional reforms at Athens in 126 and instituted a special 'council of the
Panhellenes', where representatives of all Greek states met to discuss religious affairs, in Athens and under Athenian leadership. Hadrian was also responsible for
1085:
affirm that late antiquity Greece was highly urbanised and contained approximately eighty cities. This view of extreme prosperity is widely accepted today, and it is assumed between the 4th and 7th centuries AD, Greece may have been one of the most economically active regions in the eastern
1109:
Educated Greek slaves were much in demand in Rome in the role of doctors and teachers, and educated men were a significant export. Achaia also produced household luxuries, such as furniture, pottery, cosmetics, and linens. Greek olives and olive oil were exported to the rest of the Empire.
1932:. It is so spelled in good manuscripts of and all Latin inscriptions.' The transliteration "Akhaïa" of the (Ancient and Modern) Greek is sometimes used in English, for example by the Encyclopædia Britannica and the Collins English Dictionary as an alternative to "Achaea".
1077:, the Greek peninsula was most likely one of the most prosperous regions of the Roman Empire. Older scenarios of poverty, depopulation, barbarian destruction, and civil decay have been revised in light of recent archaeological discoveries. In fact the
514:
in the mid-second century BC says that the judgements were made in accordance with local law and "the edicts and judgements of the Romans", indicating that Roman law was already considered to apply to the region only a few years after the
Achaean War.
420:
The Slavic invasions of the 7th century led to widespread destruction, with much of the population fleeing to fortified cities, the Aegean islands and Italy, while some Slavic tribes settled the interior. The territories of Achaia remaining in
1919:
The spelling "Achaea" is based on an erroneous but well-established transliteration of the Greek original (which does not have a diphthong) and in disregard of the Latin spelling (Achaia). The
Cambridge University Press's publication
518:
In the following decades, many Greek communities sought to establish treaty relationships of "friendship and alliance" with Rome, apparently finding this preferable to free status. Treaties are attested, mostly by inscriptions, with
3198:
716:
separated Greece, Thessaly, and part of Epirus from
Macedonia in 27 BC.The new province was named Achaia and was a senatorial province (Macedonia remained a senatorial province as well). In AD 15, Emperor
3148:
592:
in 86 BC. Roman rule was preserved. Following the war, Sulla pardoned the Greek cities that had followed
Mithridates and restored the legal systems that had been given to them by the Romans previously.
3152:
3163:
3144:
3308:
1069:
Greece remained part of the relatively cohesive and robust eastern half of the empire, which eventually became the center of the remaining Roman Empire, the
Eastern Roman now referred to as
3173:
478:) through a programme of "constitutional restructuring" which involved the introduction of property qualifications for participating in civic politics, temporarily abolished the Achaean,
3223:
1134:
3438:
3428:
3423:
656:
in 42 BC. After the battle, the Second Triumvirate assigned Greece along with the rest of the East to Mark Antony, who remained in control of it until his defeat by Octavian at the
755:, despite the rules against non-Greek participation. He was honoured with a victory in every contest, and in the following year, he proclaimed the freedom of the Greeks at the
3458:
1614:
1408:
1326:
1027:
to build the Post-Herulian wall, which enclosed only a small area around the Acropolis. Although a smaller city, Athens remained a centre of Greek culture and especially of
864:
was the longest period of peace in Greek history, and Greece became a major crossroads of maritime trade between Rome and the Greek speaking eastern half of the empire. The
3463:
1378:
1348:
1414:
1384:
1336:
2551:
Unless otherwise noted, governors from 91/92 to 136/137 are taken from Werner Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139",
1924:
claims (on p.1): "Following modern standard usage, 'Achaia' refers to the Roman province, 'Achaea' to an area of the northern Peloponnese." Furthermore, Oliver (1983)
285:
246:
1402:
1176:
1127:
1120:
721:, responding to complaints of mismanagement by the senatorial proconsul made Achaia and Macedonia Imperial provinces and placed both of them under the control of
1302:
1372:
794:
in his honour nearby. Construction was also carried out by local notables, many of whom became Roman citizens and joined the Imperial elite, most notably
466:
blames the demagogues of the cities of the Achaean League for encouraging a rash decision and inciting a suicidal war. The League was quickly defeated by
1396:
1792:
According to the classical scholar Robert M. Kallet-Marx, if the date of 144 BC is accurate, the Quintus Fabius Maximus in question is almost certainly
3298:
624:, but this was reversed at some point after his assassination in 44 BC. Caesar also ordered the refoundation of Corinth, abandoned since 146 BC, as a
3271:
1023:, whose writings were a source for later historians. In the aftermath of this invasion, much of the classical and imperial monuments of Athens were
580:
on his way to Attica. Sulla besieged Athens and Piraeus in 87-86 BC and then sacked Athens and destroyed Piraeus. He then defeated Archelaus at the
3371:
3065:
2805:
411:, when it first suffered from barbarian invasions. The province remained prosperous and highly urbanized, however, as attested in the 6th-century
1098:
Copper, lead, and silver mines were exploited in Achaia, though production was not as great as the mines of other Roman-controlled areas, such as
3302:
1426:
3203:
3178:
2776:
3384:
3287:
3277:
3249:
3245:
1314:
502:
474:, was destroyed. After the war, the Romans annexed mainland Greece. A group of ten commissioners "put down democracies" in the Greek cities (
2722:
Girdvainyte, Lina (2020). "Law and Citizenship in Roman Achaia: Continuity and Change". In Czakowski, Kimberley; Eckhardt, Benedikt (eds.).
2580:
3340:
3336:
3260:
3256:
3267:
3237:
2421:
494:
or was left unincorporated. Interventions by the governor of Macedonia in Greek affairs are attested, but also the dispatch of separate
2653:
2430:
916:
wrote using Greek styles. Some Roman nobles regarded the contemporary Greeks as backwards and petty, while still embracing the Greeks'
490:, which had not participated in the war remained autonomous and free. It is disputed whether Greece became part of the Roman province
3241:
3158:
3108:
1290:
809:
invaded Roman territory, sweeping south through the Balkans to Achaia, where they sacked the sanctuary of Demeter and Persephone at
88:
3468:
3213:
41:
845:
was appointed to oversee their affairs. This office was increasingly merged with that of the provincial governor as time went on.
482:, Locrian, and Phocaean Leagues, and levied tribute on the individual cities. However, the cities remained mostly self-governing.
60:
3321:
3317:
3208:
1230:
3443:
2444:
2190:
Kouremenos, Anna 2022. "'The City of Hadrian and not of Theseus': A Cultural History of Hadrian's Arch". In A. Kouremenos (Ed)
1081:, as an institution, appears to have remained prosperous until at least the 6th century. Contemporary texts such as Hierokles'
814:
3188:
2731:
2348:
1821:
1453:
1260:
1146:
67:
3292:
3282:
2798:
616:
in Thessaly in 48 BC. in 46 BC, southern Greece was separated out from Macedonia as a separate province for first time by
3332:
3218:
1805:
548:(89–85 BC) was fought in Attica and Boeotia, two regions which were to become part of the province of Achaia. In 89 BC,
3361:
3351:
3327:
3233:
3228:
3193:
3183:
1793:
1619:
1330:
1200:
1063:
981:
74:
3346:
3313:
3138:
3128:
2536:
2377:
2316:
2270:
Woolf, Greg (1994). "Becoming Roman, Staying Greek: Culture, Identity and the Civilizing Process in the Roman East".
1801:
1546:
107:
2177:
Kouremenos, Anna 2022. "Introduction: Collective Historical Nostalgia in 2nd Century Achaea". In A. Kouremenos (Ed)
3433:
3356:
3133:
1759:
1366:
1354:
1342:
629:
56:
3453:
3168:
2791:
787:
561:
2649:
2426:
1797:
1567:
1182:
977:
45:
3101:
813:. Even though much of the invasion force was spent, the local resistance was insufficient and the procurator
3010:
2417:
1536:
1471:
2814:
837:, were "free cities" and did not fall under the authority of the governor. From some time in the reign of
2888:
1320:
1224:
581:
451:
393:
2995:
2340:
1555:
942:, Corinth and Athens, and Greece soon became one of the most highly Christianized areas of the empire.
760:
491:
426:
373:
251:
596:
As the part of the Roman East closest to Italy, Greece was a central theatre of the civil wars of the
2918:
1420:
726:
3094:
3055:
3045:
2928:
2893:
2873:
2853:
1572:
1284:
791:
637:
81:
3000:
2985:
2923:
2838:
1242:
1170:
1140:
1016:
773:(117–138) was particularly fond of the Greeks, particularly Athens. He saw himself as an heir to
734:
385:
34:
2973:
2833:
2783:
2458:
1580:
1528:
1390:
1272:
1254:
1164:
1051:
722:
633:
569:
553:
549:
475:
3075:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
2868:
2635:
Unless otherwise noted, governors from 184 to about 235 are taken from Paul M. M. Leunissen,
1605:
1459:
1194:
973:
752:
601:
545:
447:
2400:
1921:
927:
During this time, Greece and much of the rest of the Roman east came under the influence of
3005:
2898:
1447:
969:
585:
2576:
L. Marcius Celer M. Calpurnius Longus Prokonsul von Achaia und Suffektkonsul unter Hadrian
8:
2903:
2878:
2703:
Eck, "Jahres- und Provinzialfasten der senatorischen Statthalter von 69/70 bis 138/139",
684:
613:
404:
278:
498:
direct from Rome. Roman governance over the following century remained "rather ad hoc."
2990:
2948:
2943:
2770:
2332:
2287:
2038:
2030:
1465:
1008:
965:
928:
913:
653:
649:
1106:, and the provinces of Hispania. Marble from Greek quarries was a valuable commodity.
3035:
3030:
2958:
2953:
2727:
2532:
2494:
2380:, p. 10. "The question of the continuity of civic institutions and the nature of the
2373:
2344:
2312:
2291:
2042:
1510:
536:
period. In these disputes, "friends and allies" of the Romans were usually favoured.
733:. After Sabinus' death in AD 35, this situation continued under the new procurator,
2963:
2933:
2705:
2553:
2474:
2279:
2022:
1888:
1846:
1070:
1059:
951:
932:
921:
917:
802:
782:
709:
657:
609:
3448:
2848:
2306:
1012:
817:
was sent to Greece with a small force to clear out the remnants of the invaders.
795:
479:
454:, formerly the largest and most powerful state in mainland Greece. In 146 BC the
381:
201:
178:
151:
3117:
2938:
2858:
2610:
Unless otherwise noted, governors from 144 to 182 are taken from Géza Alföldy,
2595:
Una nuova coppia di consoli del 148 e il proconsul Achaiae M. Calpurnius Longus
1945:
1826:
1074:
767:, who is meant to have quipped that "the Greeks had forgotten how to be free."
756:
467:
455:
430:
408:
377:
329:
315:
264:
134:
2283:
2026:
848:
Legal cases could be appealed to the governor. He was advised by a "council" (
691:
3417:
3399:
3386:
2883:
2863:
2843:
1103:
1087:
1028:
961:
935:
870:
745:
617:
605:
597:
2908:
625:
495:
369:
333:
138:
1588:
Legatus Augusti pro praetore; Justice-giver; Corrector of the Free Cities
741:
separated Macedonia and Achaia once more and restored them to the Senate.
564:(his leading military commander) to southern Greece, where he established
3050:
2979:
2913:
1728:
1055:
1000:
968:. Under Constantine, the diocese was split and Achaia became part of the
879:
865:
645:
459:
337:
1054:
allowed Alaric to enter Greece, where he looted Athens, Corinth and the
3076:
2594:
2575:
992:
957:
861:
786:
large scale construction projects there, such as the completion of the
696:
528:
413:
2034:
2010:
1641:
Legatus Augusti pro praetore; Proconsul; Corrector of the Free Cities
763:
had over 200 years previously. This grant of freedom was cancelled by
2968:
1655:
Legatus Augusti pro praetore; Consular; Corrector of the Free Cities
1035:
806:
764:
621:
520:
511:
422:
357:
2637:
Konsuln und Konsulare in der Zeit von Commodus bis Severus Alexander
23:
2056:
1360:
1058:. Stilicho eventually drove him out around 397 and Alaric was made
1047:
1043:
1039:
1020:
1019:
Athens, before being defeated by a local force led by the Athenian
939:
778:
738:
718:
713:
668:
641:
565:
557:
463:
397:
353:
3086:
3025:
2490:
1099:
1004:
834:
830:
810:
774:
770:
701:
673:
589:
577:
532:
524:
471:
361:
345:
164:
2813:
2508:
3040:
3020:
3015:
2101:
1563:
Legatus of the Divine Hadrian to Athens, Thespiae, and Plataea
1517:
1024:
996:
988:
909:
904:
891:
838:
826:
730:
573:
487:
483:
365:
349:
341:
303:
2742:
The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE: The Past Present
2308:
Rom und die Barbaren. Völker im Alpen- und Donauraum (300-600)
2192:
The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE: The Past Present
2179:
The Province of Achaea in the 2nd Century CE: The Past Present
2068:
1900:
1479:
576:(in western Greece) and marched on Athens. He marched through
2748:
Oliver, James H. (1973). "Imperial Commissioners in Achaia".
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2502:
Epigraphic Evidence for Boundary Disputes in the Roman Empire
2229:
2227:
2135:
2133:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2085:
2083:
1078:
899:
898:("Captive Greece captured her rude conqueror"). The epics of
883:
319:
125:
2763:
Marcus Aurelius: : Aspects of Civic and Cultural Policy
2679:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
1968:
1966:
1903:
1891:
1861:
1858:
1849:
887:
875:
748:
506:
2224:
2122:
2110:
2080:
1716:
III 4, 269–271, 331A-B. Combining role with governorship.
2658:
1990:
1978:
1963:
1951:
960:, the province of Achaia became a subdivision of the new
156:
The province of Achaia within the Roman Empire, c. 125 AD
3439:
States and territories established in the 2nd century BC
3429:
States and territories disestablished in the 7th century
3424:
States and territories established in the 1st century BC
2011:"Quintus Fabius Maximus and the Dyme Affair (Syll. 684)"
890:. Roman culture was highly influenced by the Greeks; as
2617:
2481:(Oxford: University Press, 2000), Vol. II p. 894 n. 100
2448:(Cambridge: University Press, 1984), vol. IV pp. 50—51;
825:
Many of the cities in the province, including Athens,
3459:
7th-century disestablishments in the Byzantine Empire
2726:. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 210–242.
1897:
1855:
2337:
Rome's Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric
3464:
2nd-century BC establishments in the Roman Republic
2504:(PhD). University of North Carolina. p. 74-79.
2246:
1944:Roman provincial coinage: Τόμος 1, Andrew Burnett,
1894:
1852:
1444:
Ti. Claudius Ti. Meriscunior (between 221 and 250):
48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2212:
1737:II² 1077; 2963. Combining role with governorship?
2272:Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society
1050:, evacuated Thessaly and Arcadius' chief advisor
441:
392:" ('conqueror of Achaia'). Initially part of the
3415:
2445:Rome and the Greek East to the Death of Augustus
1630:Together, combining the role with governorship.
708:After the defeat of Antony and Cleopatra at the
368:. In the north, it bordered on the provinces of
190:• Separated from the Province of Macedonia
2614:(Bonn: Rudolf Habelt Verlag, 1977), pp. 260-262
2612:Konsulat und Senatorenstand unter der Antoninen
2499:
1429:(end of the 2nd/beginning of the 3rd century);
984:at different points in the fourth century AD.
751:visited Greece in AD 66, and performed at the
3102:
2799:
2531:. Roma: L'Erma di Bretschneider. p. 76.
1706:Counsular and Corrector of Achaia; Proconsul
1315:Lucius Marcius Celer Marcus Calpurnius Longus
539:
510:judicial decisions made in the Greek city of
1940:
1938:
1928:, p. 152 n. 6: 'The name of the province is
1754:V 1, 538. Combining role with governorship.
1661:II² 4215. Combining role with governorship.
2721:
2639:(Amsterdam: J.C. Gieben, 1989), pp. 293-296
2514:
2233:
2208:(2 ed.). Routledge. pp. 165, 168.
2139:
2116:
2089:
2074:
2062:
2008:
1996:
1984:
1972:
1957:
1767:Clarissimus Counsular; Corrector of Achaia
1480:List of Roman Correctors of the Free Cities
3109:
3095:
2806:
2792:
2775:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2599:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
2581:Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik
2364:
2362:
2360:
2331:
2304:
1113:
396:, it was made into a separate province by
150:
1935:
462:against Rome. The contemporary historian
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
1321:Q. Licinius Modestinus Sex. Attius Labeo
690:
667:
636:, based themselves in Greece during the
568:as a tyrant in Athens. The Roman consul
2744:. London: Routledge. ISBN 9781032014852
2465:, 92 (1979), pp. 413—541, p. 444 n. 205
2357:
1649:Tiberus Claudius Callippianus Italicus
1550:52.139 Previously governor of Achaia.
1231:Lucius Julius Marinus Caecilius Simplex
1034:Greece was again invaded in 395 by the
882:, and many Greek intellectuals such as
3416:
2760:
2747:
2691:
2623:
2218:
2203:
1003:, including not only Sparta, but also
815:Lucius Julius Vehilius Gratus Julianus
612:culminated in Caesar's victory at the
3090:
2787:
2526:
2479:The Praetorship in The Roman Republic
2405:Bulletin de Correspondance Hellénique
2390:than a paradigm of decline and fall."
2311:. Kohlhammer Verlag. pp. 58–60.
2269:
1822:History of Roman and Byzantine Greece
1683:Tiberius Claudius Suatianus Proculus
1454:Aurelius Valerius Symmachus Tullianus
1285:T. Prifernius Paetus Rosianus Geminus
1261:Titus Calestrius Tiro Orbius Speratus
1167:(with Macedonia and Moesia, AD 15–35)
1128:Gaius Quinctius, Gaius filius, Trogus
945:
2815:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
1926:The Civic Tradition and Roman Athens
1796:. Less likely possibilities include
1046:, who ruled as a regent for Emperor
886:would perform most of their work in
505:of 144 BC, a faction in the city of
446:In 150–148 BC the Romans fought the
46:adding citations to reliable sources
17:
3116:
2750:Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies
1806:Quintus Fabius Maximus Allobrogicus
1417:(first quarter of the 3rd century);
972:, which was itself assigned to the
13:
2715:
2457:Jeanne Robert & Louis Robert,
1794:Quintus Fabius Maximus Servilianus
1644:Combining role with governorship.
1620:Sextus Quintilius Valerius Maximus
1571:VIII 7059. Son-in-law of governor
1331:Sextus Quintilius Valerius Maximus
1073:. Contrary to outdated visions of
896:Graecia capta ferum victorem cepit
14:
3480:
2370:Corinth: The First City of Greece
1948:, Pere Pau Ripollés Alegre - 2003
1802:Quintus Fabius Maximus Aemilianus
1748:Governor and Corrector of Greece
1147:Manius Acilius Glabrio Caninianus
820:
3370:
3064:
2529:I santuari di Asclepio in Grecia
1887:
1845:
1760:Lucius Egnatius Victor Lollianus
1367:Gaius Asinius Protimus Quadratus
1355:Gaius Caesonius Macer Rufinianus
1343:Gaius Sabucius Maior Caecilianus
1333:(together, between 170 and 175);
380:in 146 BC following the sack of
376:. The region was annexed by the
283:
269:
244:
22:
3469:Provinces of the Roman Republic
2697:
2642:
2629:
2604:
2587:
2568:
2545:
2520:
2484:
2468:
2451:
2436:
2410:
2393:
2325:
2298:
2263:
2239:
2197:
2184:
2171:
2158:
2145:
2095:
2009:Kallet-Marx, Robert M. (1995).
2002:
1786:
1011:, and the sanctuary of Zeus at
678:
527:in the late second century BC,
388:, who was awarded the surname "
33:needs additional citations for
1913:
1880:
1871:
1838:
1798:Quintus Fabius Maximus Eburnus
1727:Legatus Augusti pro praetore;
1183:Lucius Junius Gallio Annaeanus
442:Conquest and Republican period
1:
3444:Provinces of the Roman Empire
1832:
1689:Curator of Athens and Patras
1507:Corrector of the free cities
1441:(during the Severan dynasty);
663:
628:. Caesar's assassins, led by
552:, king of Pontus, seized the
2740:Kouremenos, Anna (Ed) 2022.
2206:Marcus Aurelius: A Biography
2204:Birley, Anthony R. (2000) .
1537:Legatus Augusti pro praetore
1472:Vettius Agorius Praetextatus
1015:. They then moved north and
991:led a naval invasion of the
790:and the Athenians built the
737:, until AD 44, when Emperor
704:celebrating Achaia province.
425:hands were grouped into the
200:• Reorganized into the
57:"Achaia" Roman province
7:
2305:Steinacher, Roland (2017).
1815:
1615:Sextus Quintilius Condianus
1409:Lucius Lucius Priscillianus
1327:Sextus Quintilius Condianus
1225:Lucius Herennius Saturninus
1173:(with Macedonia, AD 35–44);
687:of Achaia (southern Greece)
450:, after which they annexed
394:Roman province of Macedonia
10:
3485:
2724:Law in the Roman provinces
2601:, 112 (1996), pp. 235–240.
2341:Cambridge University Press
2339:. Cambridge and New York:
1721:Gaius Licinius Telemachus
1700:Gnaeus Claudius Leonticus
1556:Publius Pactumeius Clemens
1379:Marcus Aemilius Saturninus
1349:Lucius Calpurnius Proculus
1155:(between 27 BC and AD 14);
1093:
949:
855:
540:Mithridatic and civil wars
436:
320:
252:Macedonia (Roman province)
126:
3368:
3124:
3073:
3062:
2824:
2463:Revue des Études Grecques
2284:10.1017/S0068673500001875
2027:10.1017/S0009838800041756
1877:Barrington Atlas, map 100
1421:Rutilius Pudens Crispinus
1415:Gnaeus Claudius Leonticus
1385:Marcus Aurelius Amarantus
1337:Lucius Albinus Saturninus
560:). Mithridates then sent
299:
223:
219:
215:
211:
198:
188:
184:
174:
170:
160:
149:
144:
133:
122:
2854:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
2709:, 13 (1983), p. 157
2584:, 86 (1991), pp. 97–106.
1779:
1573:Titus Prifernius Geminus
1450:(250s, under Gallienus);
841:a separate official the
640:, until their defeat by
620:, who placed it under a
3434:Achaia (Roman province)
3299:Mauretania Caesariensis
3001:Mauretania Caesariensis
2500:Thomas Elliott (2004).
2459:"Bulletin épigraphique"
2065:, p. 217-218, 226.
2015:The Classical Quarterly
1243:Gaius Minicius Fundanus
1237:C. Caristanius Julianus
1171:Publius Memmius Regulus
1141:Servius Sulpicius Rufus
1114:List of Roman governors
788:Temple of Olympian Zeus
735:Publius Memmius Regulus
672:The Roman Empire under
3454:140s BC establishments
3272:Hispania Tarraconensis
2974:Hispania Tarraconensis
2761:Oliver, J. H. (1970).
2527:Melfi, Milena (2007).
2407:, 78 (1954), pp. 82—85
1581:Lucius Aemilius Juncus
1529:Gaius Avidius Nigrinus
1435:(between 222 and 235);
1411:(between 211 and 217);
1405:(between 200 and 213);
1403:Quintus Flavius Balbus
1393:(between 198 and 211);
1391:Lucius Julius Julianus
1387:(between 193 and 211);
1381:(between 192 and 211);
1375:(between 193 and 198);
1369:(between 192 and 211);
1339:(between 175 and 182);
1317:(between 134 and 144);
1273:Gaius Valerius Severus
1257:(between 105 and 110);
1255:Gaius Avidius Nigrinus
1245:(between 101 and 103);
1201:Gaius Avidius Nigrinus
1177:Quintus Granius Bassus
1165:Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus
1135:Publius Rutilius Lupus
1121:Publius Rutilius Nudus
995:, before landing near
912:, and authors such as
723:Gaius Poppaeus Sabinus
705:
688:
634:Gaius Cassius Longinus
570:Lucius Cornelius Sulla
554:Roman Province of Asia
550:Mithradates VI Eupator
2561:(1982), pp. 281-362;
2401:Inscriptions d’Achaïe
2181:. London: Routledge.
1460:Strategius Musonianus
1291:Lucius Antonius Albus
1195:Titus Avidius Quietus
974:Praetorian prefecture
950:Further information:
805:, in 170 or 171, the
781:and had served as an
753:Ancient Olympic Games
694:
671:
638:Liberators' civil war
546:First Mithridatic War
448:Fourth Macedonian War
384:by the Roman general
324:), sometimes spelled
3303:Mauretania Tingitana
3199:Corsica and Sardinia
3139:Africa proconsularis
3006:Mauretania Tingitana
2899:Corsica and Sardinia
2839:Africa proconsularis
2593:Giuseppe Camodeca, "
2565:(1983), pp. 147-237.
2517:, p. 214 n. 23.
2368:Rothaus, Richard M.
2247:"Horace - Wikiquote"
2194:. London: Routledge.
1731:; Curator of Athens
1672:Consular; Corrector
1544:III 4, no. 290–296;
1448:Valens Thessalonicus
1303:Gaius Julius Scapula
1179:(between 41 and 54);
970:Diocese of Macedonia
759:in Corinth, just as
630:Marcus Junius Brutus
586:Battle of Orchomenus
336:, consisting of the
42:improve this article
3400:38.7200°N 22.5400°E
3396: /
3204:Crete and Cyrenaica
3179:Bithynia and Pontus
2904:Crete and Cyrenaica
2879:Bithynia and Pontus
2694:, pp. 403–405.
2333:Kulikowski, Michael
1922:"Pausanias' Greece"
1635:Claudius Demetrius
1399:(late 2nd century);
1363:(late 2nd century);
999:and plundering the
685:senatorial province
614:Battle of Pharsalus
582:Battle of Chaeronea
470:and its main city,
405:senatorial province
279:Peloponnese (theme)
3288:Lycia et Pamphylia
3250:Gallia Narbonensis
3246:Gallia Lugdunensis
2991:Lycia et Pamphylia
2969:Hispania Lusitania
2949:Gallia Narbonensis
2944:Gallia Lugdunensis
2077:, p. 216-217.
1666:Egnatius Proculus
1466:Flavius Hermogenes
1373:Claudius Demetrius
1213:L. Munatius Gallus
1031:pagan philosophy.
946:Later Roman Empire
929:Early Christianity
914:Seneca the Younger
706:
689:
654:Battle of Philippi
650:Second Triumvirate
3379:
3378:
3341:Pannonia Superior
3337:Pannonia Inferior
3261:Germania Superior
3257:Germania Inferior
3084:
3083:
3036:Pannonia Superior
3031:Pannonia Inferior
2959:Germania Superior
2954:Germania Inferior
2818:
2733:978-0-19-884408-2
2626:, pp. 66–72.
2350:978-0-521-84633-2
1777:
1776:
1627:Rulers of Greece
1397:Aurelius Proculus
1297:C. Julius Severus
1279:Clodius Granianus
1207:Armenius Brocchus
588:, both fought in
309:
308:
295:
294:
291:
290:
257:
256:
145:27 BC–7th century
118:
117:
110:
92:
3476:
3411:
3410:
3408:
3407:
3406:
3405:38.7200; 22.5400
3401:
3397:
3394:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3374:
3268:Hispania Baetica
3238:Gallia Aquitania
3111:
3104:
3097:
3088:
3087:
3068:
2964:Hispania Baetica
2934:Gallia Aquitania
2816:
2808:
2801:
2794:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2774:
2766:
2757:
2737:
2710:
2701:
2695:
2689:
2656:
2646:
2640:
2633:
2627:
2621:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2591:
2585:
2572:
2566:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2524:
2518:
2515:Girdvainyte 2020
2512:
2506:
2505:
2488:
2482:
2475:T. Corey Brennan
2472:
2466:
2455:
2449:
2440:
2434:
2414:
2408:
2397:
2391:
2366:
2355:
2354:
2329:
2323:
2322:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2258:
2257:
2251:en.wikiquote.org
2243:
2237:
2234:Girdvainyte 2020
2231:
2222:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2201:
2195:
2188:
2182:
2175:
2169:
2166:Life of Claudius
2162:
2156:
2149:
2143:
2140:Girdvainyte 2020
2137:
2120:
2117:Girdvainyte 2020
2114:
2108:
2105:Mithridatic Wars
2099:
2093:
2090:Girdvainyte 2020
2087:
2078:
2075:Girdvainyte 2020
2072:
2066:
2063:Girdvainyte 2020
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2006:
2000:
1997:Girdvainyte 2020
1994:
1988:
1985:Girdvainyte 2020
1982:
1976:
1973:Girdvainyte 2020
1970:
1961:
1958:Girdvainyte 2020
1955:
1949:
1942:
1933:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1884:
1878:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1842:
1809:
1790:
1624:ca. 170 and 175
1484:
1483:
1361:Pupienus Maximus
1249:Cassius Longinus
1219:M. Mettius Rufus
1071:Byzantine Empire
1060:magister militum
952:Byzantine Greece
924:, and heritage.
803:Marcomannic Wars
783:eponymous archon
710:Battle of Actium
682:
680:
658:Battle of Actium
610:Pompey the Great
323:
322:
287:
286:
273:
272:
261:
260:
248:
247:
241:
240:
225:
224:
154:
129:
128:
120:
119:
113:
106:
102:
99:
93:
91:
50:
26:
18:
3484:
3483:
3479:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3414:
3413:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3395:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3366:
3322:Moesia Superior
3318:Moesia Inferior
3149:Alpes Maritimae
3120:
3118:Roman governors
3115:
3085:
3080:
3069:
3060:
3021:Moesia Superior
3016:Moesia Inferior
2849:Alpes Maritimae
2820:
2812:
2768:
2767:
2734:
2718:
2716:Further reading
2713:
2702:
2698:
2690:
2659:
2647:
2643:
2634:
2630:
2622:
2618:
2609:
2605:
2592:
2588:
2573:
2569:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2525:
2521:
2513:
2509:
2489:
2485:
2473:
2469:
2456:
2452:
2441:
2437:
2415:
2411:
2398:
2394:
2372:. Brill, 2000.
2367:
2358:
2351:
2343:. p. 127.
2330:
2326:
2319:
2303:
2299:
2268:
2264:
2255:
2253:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2225:
2217:
2213:
2202:
2198:
2189:
2185:
2176:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2150:
2146:
2138:
2123:
2115:
2111:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2081:
2073:
2069:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1964:
1956:
1952:
1943:
1936:
1918:
1914:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1848:
1844:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1818:
1813:
1812:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1618:
1482:
1477:
1433:minius Modestus
1309:Julius Candidus
1267:Cassius Maximus
1161:(before AD 25);
1159:Atidius Geminus
1116:
1096:
954:
948:
858:
823:
796:Herodes Atticus
792:Arch of Hadrian
725:, the Imperial
683:), showing the
677:
666:
542:
444:
439:
284:
270:
245:
204:
202:Theme of Hellas
191:
155:
124:
114:
103:
97:
94:
51:
49:
39:
27:
12:
11:
5:
3482:
3472:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3377:
3376:
3369:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3330:
3325:
3311:
3306:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3264:
3253:
3242:Gallia Belgica
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3159:Arabia Petraea
3156:
3153:Alpes Poeninae
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3114:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3091:
3082:
3081:
3074:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3059:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3018:
3013:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2939:Gallia Belgica
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2859:Arabia Petraea
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2811:
2810:
2803:
2796:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2758:
2745:
2738:
2732:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2696:
2657:
2641:
2628:
2616:
2603:
2586:
2567:
2544:
2537:
2519:
2507:
2483:
2467:
2450:
2435:
2409:
2392:
2356:
2349:
2324:
2317:
2297:
2262:
2238:
2236:, p. 219.
2223:
2211:
2196:
2183:
2170:
2157:
2144:
2142:, p. 210.
2121:
2119:, p. 227.
2109:
2094:
2092:, p. 213.
2079:
2067:
2055:
2021:(1): 141–143.
2001:
1999:, p. 218.
1989:
1987:, p. 217.
1977:
1975:, p. 212.
1962:
1960:, p. 225.
1950:
1946:Michel Amandry
1934:
1912:
1879:
1870:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1827:Roman province
1824:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1810:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1774:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1739:
1738:
1732:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1717:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1680:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1656:
1653:
1650:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1639:
1636:
1632:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1611:
1610:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1577:
1576:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1539:
1534:
1531:
1525:
1524:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1442:
1436:
1430:
1424:
1418:
1412:
1406:
1400:
1394:
1388:
1382:
1376:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1352:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1246:
1240:
1234:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1192:
1186:
1180:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1124:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1095:
1092:
1075:Late Antiquity
947:
944:
931:. The apostle
866:Greek language
857:
854:
822:
821:Administration
819:
757:Isthmian Games
712:, the Emperor
681: 117–138
665:
662:
541:
538:
468:Lucius Mummius
458:initiated the
456:Achaean League
443:
440:
438:
435:
409:late antiquity
386:Lucius Mummius
378:Roman Republic
307:
306:
301:
297:
296:
293:
292:
289:
288:
281:
275:
274:
267:
265:Hellas (theme)
258:
255:
254:
249:
237:
236:
231:
221:
220:
217:
216:
213:
212:
209:
208:
205:
199:
196:
195:
192:
189:
186:
185:
182:
181:
176:
175:Historical era
172:
171:
168:
167:
162:
158:
157:
147:
146:
142:
141:
131:
130:
116:
115:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3481:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3412:
3409:
3373:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3145:Alpes Cottiae
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3112:
3107:
3105:
3100:
3098:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3078:
3072:
3067:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2844:Alpes Cottiae
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2809:
2804:
2802:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2778:
2772:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2751:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2729:
2725:
2720:
2719:
2708:
2707:
2700:
2693:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2655:
2652:
2651:
2645:
2638:
2632:
2625:
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2574:Werner Eck, "
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1427:Marcus Ulpius
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1251:(before 109);
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1088:Mediterranean
1084:
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1067:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1032:
1030:
1029:Neo-Platonist
1026:
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902:inspired the
901:
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871:lingua franca
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746:Roman Emperor
742:
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736:
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711:
703:
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675:
670:
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631:
627:
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619:
618:Julius Caesar
615:
611:
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606:Julius Caesar
603:
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598:Late Republic
594:
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587:
583:
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406:
403:Achaia was a
401:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
356:and parts of
355:
351:
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335:
331:
327:
317:
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302:
300:Today part of
298:
282:
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101:
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69:
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59: –
58:
54:
53:Find sources:
47:
43:
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31:This article
29:
25:
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3381:
3297:Mauretania (
2978:
2828:
2765:. Princeton.
2762:
2753:
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2336:
2327:
2307:
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2254:. Retrieved
2250:
2241:
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2199:
2191:
2186:
2178:
2173:
2165:
2160:
2152:
2147:
2112:
2104:
2097:
2070:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2018:
2014:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1953:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1882:
1873:
1840:
1788:
1770:
1751:
1745:ca. 200-235
1734:
1713:
1709:
1703:ca. 200-217
1692:
1686:ca. 200-206
1675:
1669:ca. 198-211
1658:
1652:ca. 198-211
1638:ca. 193-198
1604:
1566:
1545:
1541:
1520:
1513:
1504:ca. 100-110
1438:
1432:
1308:
1296:
1278:
1266:
1248:
1236:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1188:
1185:(before 54);
1158:
1152:
1126:
1108:
1097:
1082:
1068:
1033:
987:In 267, the
986:
955:
938:preached in
926:
903:
895:
869:
868:served as a
859:
849:
847:
842:
824:
800:
769:
743:
707:
695:
626:Roman colony
595:
556:(in western
543:
517:
500:
445:
419:
412:
402:
389:
370:Epirus vetus
334:Roman Empire
325:
311:
310:
234:Succeeded by
233:
228:
139:Roman Empire
104:
95:
85:
78:
71:
64:
52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
3403: /
3309:Mesopotamia
3079:'s reforms.
3011:Mesopotamia
2692:Oliver 1973
2624:Oliver 1970
2399:J. Bingen,
2278:: 116–143.
2219:Oliver 1973
2164:Suetonius,
1729:Clarissimus
1439:us Paulinus
1149:(45—44 BC);
1143:(46—45 BC);
1123:(c. 89 BC);
1056:Peloponnese
1001:Peloponnese
801:During the
646:Mark Antony
531:in 105 BC,
503:Dyme Affair
460:Achaean War
338:Peloponnese
229:Preceded by
207:7th century
3418:Categories
3391:22°32′24″E
3388:38°43′12″N
3266:Hispania (
3255:Germania (
3189:Cappadocia
3077:Diocletian
2889:Cappadocia
2756:: 389–405.
2442:R. Sherk,
2256:2018-04-27
1833:References
1773:VII 2510.
1678:V 1, 541.
1423:(234—237);
1351:(184—185);
1345:(184—185);
1323:(144—145);
1311:(136—137);
1305:(135—136);
1299:(133—134);
1293:(127—128);
1287:(122—123);
1281:(118—119);
1275:(117—118);
1269:(116—117);
1263:(111—112);
1239:(100—101);
958:Diocletian
922:philosophy
918:literature
862:Pax Romana
761:Flamininus
727:procurator
697:Sestertius
664:Principate
660:in 31 BC.
572:landed in
529:Astypalaea
414:Synecdemus
68:newspapers
3293:Macedonia
3283:Lusitania
3184:Britannia
2996:Macedonia
2884:Britannia
2771:cite book
2498:, iv.43;
2387:Syndekmos
2292:170935906
2151:Tacitus,
2043:170256313
1742:Paulinus
1609:II² 1092
1560:ca. 122?
1474:(c. 364).
1456:(c. 319);
1357:(c. 192);
1233:(99—100);
1221:(c. 90s);
1215:(c. 90s);
1209:(c. 90s);
1203:(c. 90s);
1191:(c. 70s);
1153:Mescinius
1131:(50s BC);
1104:Britannia
1083:Syndekmos
1064:Illyricum
1052:Eutropius
1036:Visigoths
1025:spoliated
982:Illyricum
936:of Tarsus
850:consilium
843:corrector
807:Costoboci
765:Vespasian
622:proconsul
562:Archelaus
521:Epidaurus
512:Demetrias
492:Macedonia
476:Pausanias
423:Byzantine
374:Macedonia
358:Phthiotis
179:Antiquity
98:June 2009
3333:Pannonia
3219:Dalmatia
3134:Aegyptus
2919:Dalmatia
2834:Aegyptus
2817:(117 AD)
2422:1954, 31
2335:(2006).
1816:See also
1764:ca. 230
1601:Prefect
1598:ca. 139
1595:Severus
1585:ca. 134
1533:ca. 114
1501:Maximus
1227:(98—99);
1197:(91—92);
1189:Aegeates
1137:(48 BC);
1048:Arcadius
1044:Stilicho
1040:Alaric I
1021:Dexippus
940:Philippi
779:Pericles
739:Claudius
719:Tiberius
714:Augustus
642:Octavian
604:between
584:and the
566:Aristion
558:Anatolia
480:Boeotian
464:Polybius
398:Augustus
390:Achaicus
354:Cyclades
330:province
328:, was a
135:Province
3362:Thracia
3352:Sicilia
3328:Noricum
3229:Galatia
3194:Cilicia
3174:Assyria
3164:Armenia
3143:Alpes (
3056:Thracia
3046:Sicilia
3026:Noricum
2929:Galatia
2894:Cilicia
2874:Assyria
2864:Armenia
2654:X, 3723
2495:Annales
2491:Tacitus
2431:I, 2955
1514:Letters
1468:(350s);
1100:Noricum
1094:Economy
1013:Olympia
1005:Corinth
962:diocese
878:and in
874:in the
856:Culture
835:Plataea
831:Thespis
811:Eleusis
775:Theseus
771:Hadrian
702:Hadrian
674:Hadrian
652:at the
648:of the
602:The war
590:Boeotia
578:Boeotia
533:Thyrium
525:Troezen
501:In the
496:legates
472:Corinth
452:Macedon
437:History
382:Corinth
362:Aetolia
346:Boeotia
332:of the
165:Corinth
161:Capital
137:of the
82:scholar
3449:146 BC
3347:Raetia
3314:Moesia
3278:Judaea
3224:Epirus
3209:Cyprus
3129:Achaia
3041:Raetia
2986:Iudaea
2980:Italia
2924:Epirus
2909:Cyprus
2829:Achaia
2730:
2706:Chiron
2597:", in
2578:", in
2554:Chiron
2535:
2376:
2347:
2315:
2290:
2168:, 25.3
2153:Annals
2102:Appian
2041:
2035:639723
2033:
1930:Achaia
1804:, and
1695:9488.
1521:Epict.
1518:Arrian
1516:8.24;
1496:Notes
1462:(353);
1038:under
1017:sacked
997:Sparta
993:Aegean
989:Heruli
966:Moesia
956:Under
910:Virgil
905:Aeneid
894:said,
892:Horace
839:Trajan
833:, and
827:Delphi
731:Moesia
574:Epirus
488:Sparta
484:Athens
431:Hellas
366:Phocis
352:, the
350:Euboea
342:Attica
326:Achaea
312:Achaia
304:Greece
123:Achaia
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
3357:Syria
3214:Dacia
3051:Syria
2914:Dacia
2382:polis
2288:S2CID
2155:.1.76
2048:2 May
2039:S2CID
2031:JSTOR
1780:Notes
1712:877;
1511:Pliny
1493:Title
1490:Dates
1079:polis
1009:Argos
978:Italy
900:Homer
884:Galen
880:Italy
427:theme
321:Ἀχαΐα
316:Greek
194:27 BC
127:Ἀχαΐα
89:JSTOR
75:books
3339:and
3320:and
3301:and
3270:and
3259:and
3248:and
3234:Gaul
3169:Asia
3151:and
2869:Asia
2777:link
2728:ISBN
2533:ISBN
2374:ISBN
2345:ISBN
2313:ISBN
2107:6.39
2050:2023
1724:209
1523:3.7
1487:Name
1329:and
933:Paul
888:Rome
876:East
860:The
777:and
749:Nero
744:The
644:and
632:and
608:and
544:The
523:and
507:Dyme
486:and
372:and
364:and
61:news
2650:CIL
2427:CIL
2280:doi
2023:doi
1710:SIG
1693:ILS
1617:and
1568:CIL
1547:SEG
1062:in
980:or
976:of
964:of
908:of
729:of
700:of
429:of
44:by
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3240:,
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1937:^
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1859:aɪ
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