3252:, with the princely states acceding to one nation or the other. The accession process proceeded smoothly, with the notable exception of four of the most influential principalities. The Muslim ruler of the Hindu-majority state of Junagadh acceded to Pakistan, but his decision was overruled by the Indian government, while Hyderabad chose to be independent, but was forcibly annexed to India in 1948. The Hindu ruler of Jammu and Kashmir, among the largest and most powerful of the principalities, but with a Muslim-majority population, initially held off on a decision. In the autumn of 1947, an invading force from Pakistan frightened the ruler into acceding to India. The ruler of Kalat, in Baluchistan, declared his independence in 1947, after which the state was forcibly merged with Pakistan, resulting in an insurgency persisting to this day. With the promulgation of the Indian constitution in 1950, India abolished its monarchy under the British crown and became a Republic within the Commonwealth of Nations, followed by Pakistan in 1956; as a result of both developments, the majority of the princes formally lost their sovereign rights. A few remaining principalities in Pakistan retained their autonomy until 1969 when they finally acceded to Pakistan. The Indian government formally derecognized its princely families in 1971, followed by Pakistan in 1972.
1911:
3914:
4254:
5525:
5762:
5293:
3888:
4850:
4235:
8045:
4406:
4387:
4368:
4019:
5238:
4527:
4924:
4508:
4197:
4952:
5675:
5111:
4572:
6627:
4292:
4273:
4216:
7443:
6511:
6484:
5551:
4617:
4482:
3447:
3683:
7322:
7530:
5631:
7702:
5497:
6651:
5984:
5475:
5446:
5367:
5032:
4463:
4178:
4119:
4702:
6458:
6377:
5653:
5704:
6203:
3822:
3710:
7671:
7592:
6430:
6323:
6078:
4593:
5342:
6749:
6700:
5858:
4824:
4145:
5006:
7470:
7563:
7048:
5405:
5183:
4902:
4763:
3953:
5790:
4546:
4159:
3796:
6006:
5609:
4330:
7644:
5839:
4795:
4683:
4444:
7617:
7032:
6053:
3652:
4981:
8012:
4425:
3516:
6729:
5082:
4091:
4664:
3543:
4349:
4311:
2019:
6350:
3201:, lost his throne when the country was annexed by Japan. However, the Korean royal family was mediatized as a puppet family within the Japanese imperial family. Many of the Korean royals were forcibly re-educated in Japan and forced to marry Japanese royalty and aristocrats to meld the ruling families of the two empires. With the abolition of the Japanese aristocracy and cadet branches of the imperial family, the Korean royals officially lost their remaining status.
6864:
5962:
1482:
7391:
6923:
6533:
7366:
6768:
4876:
7415:
6126:
7812:
5579:
3473:
7946:
8184:
7300:
5729:
1809:
7178:
6232:
3623:
35:
6555:
6265:
5921:
4732:
7915:
6290:
5896:
8143:
7783:
7273:
7131:
6815:
6676:
6582:
6152:
5820:
3990:
7844:
6171:
7886:
7506:
7206:
6845:
6603:
6402:
8007:
7727:
7012:
4638:
4072:
4045:
8071:
6094:
5157:
3237:; each was ruled by a prince who acknowledged the suzerainty of the Indian Emperor. The princely states ranged from powerful and largely independent principalities such as Hyderabad or Mysore, with a high level of autonomy, to tiny fiefdoms a few dozen acres (in the low tens of hectares) in size.
1677:
The city-state of Athens was ruled by monarchs in a period before the establishment of
Athenian Democracy. Most of this is either mythical or semi-historical. The Athenian monarchy was abolished and replaced with lifetime archons around 1068 BC, whose power was reduced over many years.
3379:, who was deposed from the Bulgarian throne in 1946, was elected and served as the Prime Minister of his country from 2001 to 2005. The only formerly communist country to have held a referendum on the monarchy was Albania, where the claimant to his father's throne, the self-styled
6037:) within the Indonesian state. However, because of political agitation and opposition from Indonesian communists that led to an anti-monarchy movement and rebellion in early 1946, both monarchies had their Special Region status revoked and were then merged into the province of
1869:
through newly passed laws. Artifacts from the colonial period depicting the
British monarchy are seldom found in the United States. However, not all sentiment equated to anti-monarchism. A normality of a monarchy at the head of a polity remained, that some Americans saw a
2738:
voting in favour. Though polling consistently showed a majority in favour of a republic, the result of the referendum was attributed to a split among republicans between those who supported the presented model and those who supported a directly elected president.
2680:
seized power and ended the monarchies. Communists in
Bulgaria, Hungary, and Romania removed their monarchies with strong backing by the Soviet Union, which had many troops and supporters placed there during the course of the war. Through this,
2827:
and lent it legitimacy, but when he tried to stage a counter-coup later that year, he was defeated and forced into exile. Greece formally remained a monarchy until it was abolished by the military junta in June 1973, followed by
6710:
5813:, the Indonesian poet who was beheaded in Kuala Begumit. The family of the Sultanate of Deli and Serdang survived thanks to the protection of the Allied soldiers who were there to accept the surrender of the Japanese.
1849:(as the monarchy was a limited monarchy since 1660), the North American citizens increasingly clashed with the Parliament that did not provide seats for parliamentary representatives from North America. With the
7122:
8320:
3366:
in Brazil in 1993, voters rejected an attempt to restore the country's monarchy. Unsuccessful efforts to restore the monarchies of some of the Balkan states in the former
Eastern Bloc continue. Former King
6740:
5248:
8245:
6806:
2734:, the voters of Australia rejected a proposal to replace the constitutional monarchy with a republic with a president appointed by Parliament. The proposal was rejected in all states, with only the
2786:(EAM) as the country's largest resistance movement. As a compromise, the issue was to be determined by a referendum after the war. In the end, the threat of a post-war communist takeover led the
3375:
of Serbia had been allowed to return, gained some popularity, played largely apolitical public roles, but never came close to being restored to their ancestral thrones. However, in
Bulgaria,
3166:. Others waited longer before abolishing their monarchies, such as Pakistan, South Africa, The Gambia, Sierra Leone, Malta, Trinidad and Tobago, and Mauritius. The latest country to become a
3162:
The monarchies of India, Ghana, Nigeria, Kenya, Tanganyika, Uganda, Guyana, and Malawi were abolished shortly after they became independent of the United
Kingdom, whilst remaining within the
2450:
was subsequently proclaimed, although the
Republic of China laid claims to Outer Mongolia and was widely recognized by the international community as having sovereignty over it. In 1924, the
8576:
If most
Americans saw the danger of addressing Washington as their American Caesar – he had absolutely no interest in becoming emperor – they nevertheless found it surprisingly appealing.
5800:
5830:
7058:
6934:
6855:
5849:
2467:
World War I led to perhaps the greatest number of abolition of monarchies in history. The conditions inside the
Russian Empire and the poor performance in the war gave rise to a
8285:
8260:
6914:
6886:
5994:
3139:
was created as a separate state from the United
Kingdom; it was nominally a monarchy but transitioned towards a more republican form of government throughout its existence. The
7003:
5352:
3876:
6825:
6759:
5868:
1576:
rising from 4 to 34. Decolonisation and independence have resulted in an abolition of monarchies in a number of former colonies such as those created by the United Kingdom.
7094:
6792:
6778:
7351:, in which 81% voted to abolish the monarchy, a republic was declared in 1970. Rhodesia continued to be internationally recognised as a British colony through 1979, when
8745:
8275:
8270:
8265:
5619:
3483:
7108:
6900:
5138:
8311:
4962:
6189:
4808:
2424:
10818:
5877:
1591:
in 1947), opposition to undemocratic and hereditary institutions, perception of monarchy as anachronistic or outdated, and opposition to a particular monarch or
3354:
in 2022, anti-monarchy protests also occurred in the United Kingdom; some protesters were arrested, but were later released without further action being taken.
6136:
4834:
3633:
3024:
ended the monarchy in Laos in 1975. Cambodia's monarchy later saw an unexpected rebirth under an internationally mediated peace settlement with former king
7344:
8838:
7023:
4886:
2492:
2192:
1853:
in 1776, anti-monarchical propaganda resulted in violent protests that systematically removed symbols of monarchy. For instance, an equestrian statue of
4264:
7862:
6387:
3806:
2152:
1595:. In many colonies and former colonies, abolishing the influence of the monarchy of a colonising state is considered part of decolonisation. In many
9212:
7622:
2677:
1510:
8342:
7347:
as Rhodesia in 1965, proclaiming Elizabeth II as Queen, but she did not accept the title, nor was it recognised by any other state. Following a
9102:
8103:
7141:
4321:
2160:
2131:
8974:
4378:
3424:
1897:
9048:
9866:
9694:
9609:
9348:
3972:
3225:, it had been governed as a quasi-federation, with much of the country under the direct rule of the British monarch, who was styled as the
3116:
Many monarchies were abolished in the middle of the 20th century or later as part of the process of decolonization. This included several
2350:, died on 2 July 1909. All attempts to revive the position since his death have been met with opposition by the United States Government.
8772:
6029:
to demonstrate their support for the newly declared Republic of Indonesia. They were subsequently awarded the status of Daerah Istimewa (
9000:
8819:
7967:
9216:
8230:
4537:
4499:
3380:
2849:
1850:
1803:
1627:
2404:
sought to revive the Qing dynasty and briefly reinstalled the Xuantong Emperor to the Chinese throne; this attempt is known as the "
99:
9763:
7348:
7196:
6451:; official result: 53% in favour of republic. South Africa also withdrew from the Commonwealth, but was readmitted on 1 June 1994.
5515:
4435:
3497:
3363:
3049:
2212:
5809:
in 1946. Many kings and members of royal families in North Sumatra were murdered and robbed of property and belongings, including
5518:; official result: 99.5% in favour of termination of personal union with Denmark, 98.5% in favour of new republican constitution.
4492:
2126:
attempted to throw out the Portuguese. He failed and in turn he himself was overthrown, leading to the Portuguese installation of
71:
10081:
9248:
9226:
9222:
9150:
8290:
6420:
6116:
4688:
3144:
2072:
1067:
7396:
9353:
6448:
6365:
In 1958, the Sumbawan principalities were abolished by the Indonesian republic and replaced by a modern bureaucratic structure
4562:
4487:
2710:
2400:
with himself as the emperor; the regime failed to gain legitimacy and collapsed three months later. In 1917, the Qing loyalist
2044:
211:
52:
8368:
10133:
9688:
8562:
8506:
7748:
5719:
5530:
4718:
3913:
3372:
3148:
2782:, but the post-war fate of the monarchy was a major dividing issue for Greeks, especially with the rise of the pro-communist
2208:
1218:
1158:
78:
10098:
9318:
9177:
4518:
4473:
4397:
3198:
3181:. Most realms which abolished their monarchy did so by declaring a new constitution or amending it to remove references to
2168:
1910:
1291:
2051:
1208:
10586:
9232:
9186:
8433:
6719:
6572:
4674:
4297:
4278:
4259:
4082:
2731:
2698:
1503:
1361:
987:
678:
8390:
3229:. The remainder of the country, however, was under a form of indirect rule under him through its division into over 500
10591:
7578:
6560:
5744:
5680:
4942:
4532:
4340:
3526:
3268:
2783:
1378:
1188:
648:
85:
17:
8864:
7278:
5947:
as from 18 April 1949, which also saw Ireland become a republic outside the British Commonwealth. Ten days later, the
2408:" in historiography. The monarchy in parts of China was restored through the Japanese-sponsored client state known as
9856:
8685:
8605:
8462:
7905:
5599:
4644:
4605:
4245:
4226:
3384:
3308:
2832:. The restoration of the monarchy was overwhelmingly defeated, after constitutional legality was restored, by a free
2552:
2389:
1862:
1651:
1622:. Since the beginning of the 20th century, restorations of monarchies have been comparatively rare. Examples are the
1468:
933:
718:
118:
7475:
4986:
2058:
10401:
9270:
9026:
8621:
8280:
7381:
7238:
6474:
6255:
5451:
5372:
5051:
4513:
4468:
4416:
4207:
3167:
3013:
2625:
2540:
1996:
1983:(1852–1870), retaining republican aspects while placing himself in the center of the state until the losses in the
1694:, in 509 BC, after his disrespect for Roman customs and the Senate as well as his use of violence to control Rome.
1336:
1007:
7553:
5278:
replaced the Khanate with three normal provincial administrative districts Hami, Yihe, and Yiwu. This set off the
1248:
67:
9799:
9343:
8056:
7433:
5989:
4561:
Charles I "renounced participation" in state affairs, but did not abdicate. Monarchy officially abolished by the
4430:
4024:
3944:
3339:
2877:
2397:
4253:
10914:
10378:
9881:
7492:
7488:
6516:
6022:
5887:
5428:
5228:
5092:
5022:
4373:
3125:
2864:
for life with the constitutional setup essentially unchanged. Per the right the 1947 law granted him to decide
2833:
2829:
2451:
2432:
2040:
1871:
1858:
1496:
342:
56:
7183:
3186:
1263:
10215:
5485:
5188:
4359:
4077:
3768:
3589:
1957:
1956:, initially a hero of the Republican revolution, crowned himself emperor in 1804, only to be replaced by the
1799:
633:
8474:
8434:"The Restoration of a Limited Monarchy in England: Definition & History – Video & Lesson Transcript"
7461:
5524:
2930:
2030:
1243:
10869:
9851:
9839:
9358:
9265:
9207:
9192:
8255:
7634:
7540:
6063:
6030:
5944:
5480:
5456:
5386:
5042:
4912:
3279:
The 20th century also saw the formation of a number of new monarchies that still exist to this day such as
2881:
2735:
2694:
2649:
2613:
2443:
1826:
1789:
1758:
1458:
1421:
1341:
1301:
1203:
1198:
6548:
Status of the head of state was complicated, Albert Kalonji used the title of Mulopwe (God-king/Emperor).
4188:
2820:
2544:
10732:
10646:
10541:
10456:
10373:
9871:
9743:
9598:
9143:
8597:
7681:
5761:
5748:
5390:
5298:
4629:
4623:
4454:
2605:
2274:
1971:
was a clearer anti-monarchic uprising that replaced the succession of royal leaders with the short-lived
1846:
1723:
1193:
7720:
Forced to abdicate by the government of Uganda; declaration of independence of Rwenzururu was annulled.
7420:
5999:
The Sultan also handed over his property for the struggle of independence of the Republic of Indonesia.
3887:
2491:
saw various monarchist, Republican, anarchist, nationalist and socialist factions fight each other with
10879:
10794:
10383:
10281:
9182:
8218:
6869:
6489:
5752:
5292:
2524:
2266:
1915:
1830:
1795:
1727:
1691:
1619:
1296:
997:
668:
10571:
8522:
7980:
7499:
with 78.57% in favour of a republic, but was annulled after the junta was overthrown earlier in 1974.
5663:
4849:
4526:
4234:
2673:
2523:
empires saw the abolition of their monarchies in the close aftermath of the war, ending the reigns of
10849:
10536:
10471:
10461:
10446:
9781:
9728:
9638:
9275:
7352:
7259:
6928:
6608:
5011:
4599:
4507:
3726:
3701:
3320:
3132:
3008:
after World War II: a short-lived attempt to leave a monarchical form of government in post-colonial
2779:
2775:
2568:
2560:
1893:
1587:
views, eliminating a rival system potentially opposed to another incoming system (as had occurred in
1306:
1273:
1173:
1168:
838:
455:
10671:
9110:
7771:. Additionally, the Queen's portrait continued to feature on Fijian coins and banknotes until 2013.
4405:
4386:
4367:
4183:
1549:
that has succeeded in some nations that still retain monarchs, such as Sweden, Spain, and Thailand.
10291:
10271:
10236:
10189:
10143:
9495:
9311:
9202:
8189:
7925:
7802:
7511:
7480:
6587:
6444:
6222:
5739:
5193:
5147:
4907:
4866:
4785:
4654:
4316:
4101:
3376:
3069:
2942:
2889:
2812:
2760:
2748:
2686:
2584:
2447:
1924:
1845:
through boycott and condemnation of tax officials. While they were subject to the authority of the
1719:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1223:
798:
201:
92:
8044:
6681:
5237:
5201:
After the fall of Kalakani on 13 October 1929, the Emirate ended, and was replaced by the revived
4018:
2600:
World War II saw another increased number of abolition of monarchies. In 1922, Benito Mussolini's
578:
10169:
9861:
9844:
9834:
9809:
9653:
9379:
9197:
8800:
8099:
8025:
7793:
7764:
6773:
6754:
5952:
5805:
Acts of violence against the nobility reached their peak during the bloody incident known as the
5243:
5097:
5037:
4923:
4829:
4411:
4392:
4035:
3163:
3156:
2845:
2763:
led a troubled existence, until a coup restored the monarchy in 1935. The subsequent dictatorial
1949:
1762:
1542:
1356:
1346:
1311:
1027:
673:
264:
176:
45:
6407:
2535:
respectively. The monarchs of the constituent states within the German Empire, most importantly
2065:
10889:
10804:
10651:
10363:
10296:
10164:
10113:
10045:
9945:
9935:
9733:
9668:
9475:
9404:
9240:
9136:
8082:
7854:
7676:
7573:
7448:
7224:
7117:
7103:
7089:
7078:
5561:
5507:
5436:
5347:
5202:
5066:
4881:
4291:
4272:
4215:
3786:
3433:
3324:
3256:
3230:
3096:
2869:
2706:
2682:
2556:
2290:
2270:
2180:
2164:
1972:
1750:
1615:
1366:
1351:
883:
818:
367:
357:
294:
8496:
2326:
The monarchy of Tahiti came to an end in 1880 when France made it a colony and overthrew King
480:
10874:
10854:
10834:
10697:
10661:
10616:
10561:
10353:
10348:
10123:
10070:
9804:
9773:
9713:
9663:
9445:
9236:
8235:
7971:
7707:
7654:
7405:
7371:
7067:
6632:
6510:
6435:
6275:
6162:
6112:
5556:
5303:
4855:
4722:
4449:
4302:
4196:
4169:
4096:
4055:
3893:
3871:
3812:
3801:
3693:
3218:
3210:
3045:
2909:
2805:
2797:
2637:
2536:
2480:
2428:
2176:
1988:
1883:
1715:
1411:
1233:
1047:
928:
540:
520:
430:
274:
10025:
8310:
5951:
was enacted to allow republics and native monarchies to become members of the newly renamed
4951:
4481:
3446:
2583:. Both intended kings renounced their thrones after Germany's defeat in November 1918. King
2347:
10859:
10778:
10742:
10692:
10551:
10476:
10261:
10138:
9930:
9705:
9683:
9678:
9643:
9585:
9280:
7963:
7188:
6637:
6626:
6251:
6237:
6131:
6034:
5906:
5863:
5844:
5772:
5465:
5424:
5116:
5110:
4556:
4283:
4240:
4221:
4009:
3976:
3755:
3599:
3343:
3316:
3152:
2958:
2905:
2764:
2528:
2148:
2127:
1992:
1980:
1774:
1707:
1396:
1138:
1077:
440:
362:
269:
236:
9076:
8701:
Higley, John; Case, Rhonda (July 2000). "Australia: The Politics of Becoming a Republic".
7442:
5983:
4462:
4177:
8:
10884:
10829:
10666:
10656:
10641:
10631:
10596:
10526:
10441:
10411:
10358:
10075:
9829:
9824:
9723:
9718:
9485:
9440:
9399:
9304:
9244:
8369:"Royal families: The countries that feel the strongest about abolishing their monarchies"
8312:"We need to abolish the monarchy – because it's not fair on anyone, including the royals"
8250:
7931:
7453:
7377:
7244:
7161:
6642:
6501:
6483:
6360:
6176:
6058:
5940:
5926:
5747:; official result: 95% in favour of republic. Tsar Simeon II was exiled by the Communist
5734:
5714:
5674:
5658:
5550:
5415:
4991:
4669:
4571:
3995:
3924:
3688:
3577:
3222:
3091:
was overthrown in a coup, although he continued to resist his opponents until 1970. King
3021:
3017:
2934:
2926:
2884:
put the monarchy on a new constitutional basis. The existence of monarchy in Spain is an
2768:
2756:
2714:
2702:
2468:
2156:
1984:
1905:
1901:
1874:
in monarchical terms, a Caesar of the republic, was an early debate in the new republic.
1785:
1754:
1746:
1742:
1731:
1596:
1371:
1316:
1238:
1148:
1037:
550:
332:
322:
317:
206:
8948:
8898:"UAE to try 94 nationals on alleged coup d'etat plans: official - People's Daily Online"
4616:
2431:
in 1959 where the monarchy in Tibet was dissolved although it continued in exile as the
1920:
10783:
10606:
10601:
10566:
10546:
10521:
10516:
10511:
10506:
10501:
10486:
10481:
10426:
10333:
10179:
10050:
9940:
9920:
9876:
9819:
9814:
9791:
9758:
9748:
9738:
9620:
9163:
9128:
9106:
8726:
8343:"'Essentially, the monarchy is corrupt' – will republicanism survive Harry and Meghan?"
8160:
8156:
8029:
8017:
7896:
7829:
7788:
7670:
7662:
7529:
7429:
7321:
7166:
7053:
6998:
6881:
6656:
6382:
6341:
6270:
6011:
5948:
5901:
5810:
5767:
5630:
5595:
5542:
5502:
5173:
5162:
4776:
4768:
4742:
4577:
4335:
4164:
4150:
4109:
4063:
3898:
3859:
3844:
3682:
3613:
3437:
3368:
3241:
3155:, an office usually absent in monarchies. The monarchy was officially abolished by the
3140:
3117:
3084:
3041:
2986:
2853:
2690:
2629:
2472:
2405:
2315:
2204:
2008:
1738:
1604:
1568:. Abolition became more frequent in the 20th century, with the number of monarchies in
1538:
1452:
1426:
1268:
1258:
1228:
1183:
1128:
1114:
977:
918:
693:
608:
327:
7701:
6650:
6077:
5641:
5496:
5474:
5445:
5366:
5031:
4118:
3065:
In some Arab countries, coups d'état replaced monarchies with military dictatorships.
2974:
1710:
was tried for high treason, convicted and executed. This marked the conclusion of the
10809:
10799:
10762:
10636:
10621:
10496:
10466:
10436:
10431:
10406:
10343:
10338:
10328:
10199:
10148:
10035:
10030:
9753:
9389:
9374:
8872:
8730:
8718:
8681:
8601:
8590:
8558:
8502:
8458:
8202:
8164:
7866:
7768:
7568:
7340:
7336:
6954:
6943:
6895:
6834:
6820:
6801:
6787:
6463:
6457:
6376:
6333:
6157:
6142:
6108:
6099:
5806:
5795:
5781:
5689:
5636:
5614:
5410:
5341:
5167:
5133:
5101:
4892:
4860:
4814:
4712:
4707:
4701:
4583:
4202:
4135:
3980:
3958:
3904:
3840:
3736:
3642:
3260:
3081:
2970:
2885:
2816:
2488:
2373:
2369:
2311:
2196:
1945:
1887:
1822:
1711:
1655:
1623:
1600:
1534:
1463:
1436:
1213:
1153:
1133:
1017:
788:
698:
450:
347:
135:
8457:
Haley, K.H.D. (1985), Politics in the Reign of Charles II, Oxford: Basil Blackwell,
6202:
6025:, the Surakarta Sunanate and Mangkunegaran Princedom sent a letter of confidence to
5703:
3821:
3709:
2476:
2339:
1561:
733:
191:
10825:
10789:
10707:
10531:
10301:
10246:
10209:
10184:
10174:
10108:
10060:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9960:
9955:
9648:
9394:
8710:
8678:
Two Weeks in Lilliput: Bear Baiting and Backbiting at the Constitutional Convention
8111:
7981:
Monarchies that were abolished, restored, and continue to exist in the 21st century
7891:
7760:
7744:
7591:
7535:
7310:
7216:
7211:
6909:
6850:
6705:
6521:
6429:
6322:
6213:
6208:
5972:
5825:
5709:
5652:
5377:
5332:
5318:
5217:
5087:
4800:
3963:
3919:
3720:
3506:
3492:
3463:
3347:
3304:
3226:
3136:
3088:
3077:
3025:
2994:
2954:
2665:
2621:
2617:
2484:
2278:
2213:
a plebiscite in 1993 that resulted in 86% of the votes to the republican government
2200:
1861:
were particularly affected by partisan attacks, with tens of thousands leaving for
1672:
1635:
1446:
1406:
1123:
957:
863:
763:
748:
658:
588:
495:
490:
465:
372:
352:
337:
196:
6748:
6699:
5685:
4823:
3330:
In addition, protests in support of a republican form of government took place in
2595:
2307:
1940:
1841:
developed out of a gradual revolution that began in 1765, as colonists resisted a
778:
688:
10702:
10451:
10421:
10416:
10276:
10266:
10231:
10221:
10204:
10040:
9995:
9910:
9628:
9603:
9450:
8786:
8634:
8552:
8240:
7752:
7712:
7687:
7602:
7597:
7359:
was founded in 1980, which was a member of the Commonwealth until December 2003.
7290:
7254:
7151:
7047:
7037:
6690:
6593:
6328:
6181:
5570:
5279:
5121:
5005:
4901:
4762:
4737:
4551:
4354:
3952:
3778:
3234:
3100:
3073:
3037:
2901:
2873:
2801:
2752:
2653:
2516:
2420:
2245:
1968:
1703:
1631:
1486:
1178:
1163:
803:
683:
643:
618:
598:
545:
530:
382:
377:
246:
241:
231:
186:
161:
6005:
5789:
5608:
4545:
4329:
3795:
3217:
in 1947 posed a unique problem. From 1858, when the British government replaced
2657:
583:
410:
10844:
10626:
10611:
10576:
10316:
10311:
10194:
10128:
10000:
9658:
9633:
9538:
9455:
9409:
8750:
8523:"Dispossessing Loyalists and Redistributing Property in Revolutionary New York"
8198:
7875:
7643:
7520:
6617:
6543:
6416:
6355:
6313:
6295:
6016:
5838:
4929:
4794:
4748:
4592:
4443:
4050:
3939:
3764:
3750:
3668:
3604:
3586:
3562:
3521:
3419:
3214:
3185:, with the exception of Fiji, whose monarchy was abolished in 1987 following a
3177:
With the exceptions of Ireland and India, in each case the deposed monarch was
3121:
3092:
2641:
2520:
2439:
2262:
2111:
2107:
1935:
1687:
1580:
1565:
1416:
1143:
1109:
908:
898:
853:
813:
808:
753:
743:
738:
723:
653:
638:
623:
613:
525:
425:
415:
405:
7616:
7031:
6052:
5857:
4144:
3651:
3004:
Political upheaval and Communist insurrection put an end to the monarchies of
2412:
with the former Qing emperor as its leader until the final abolition in 1945.
1745:
of 1688 furthered the constitutional monarchy, restricted by laws such as the
708:
10908:
10491:
10256:
10251:
9673:
9531:
9490:
9470:
9159:
8876:
8839:"Pakatan's new Malaysia flag: Not a copycat? Turning Malaysia to a Republic?"
8722:
7920:
7562:
7544:
7469:
5967:
5404:
5264:
5182:
4980:
4124:
4090:
3715:
3515:
3009:
2978:
2604:
led to King Victor Emmanuel III appointing Mussolini Prime Minister. In 1939
2601:
2580:
2512:
2496:
2343:
2241:
2134:, the last king of the dynasty, was killed in battle against the Portuguese.
1961:
1934:
One of the most significant abolitions of monarchy in history—along with the
1838:
1817:
1611:
1599:, the monarchy may be viewed as a foreign institution running counter to the
1253:
1087:
1057:
967:
873:
868:
843:
823:
663:
535:
510:
485:
470:
460:
445:
400:
166:
142:
10020:
8246:
List of countries by date of transition to a republican system of government
8011:
7879:
dynasties. A proposal to elect future officeholders for life has been made.
7873:
republic, although all heads of state have been members of the high lineage
7243:
Last monarchs died; the realms were incorporated into the newly independent
4158:
2342:
islands of modern-day American Samoa to the United States in 1904, the last
10581:
10103:
10065:
9965:
9548:
9285:
8673:
7756:
7649:
7147:
6728:
6242:
6083:
6038:
5777:
5283:
5254:
4971:
4682:
4663:
3854:
3827:
3628:
3542:
3288:
3178:
2661:
2645:
2633:
2572:
2385:
2261:
Between 1859 and 1861, four monarchies in Southern Europe ceased to exist (
2172:
1976:
1865:. Property that remained was confiscated by each of thirteen newly created
1584:
923:
903:
888:
848:
833:
793:
728:
713:
603:
505:
171:
8714:
6349:
4348:
4310:
2900:
The monarchy of Portugal was also overthrown in 1910, two years after the
2110:, came to an end in 1897 when France made it a colony and overthrew Queen
10813:
10322:
10118:
10010:
10005:
9925:
9516:
9500:
9053:
8922:
8897:
8548:
7496:
6538:
5432:
5269:
4029:
3351:
2982:
2792:
2669:
2393:
2377:
2123:
1610:
In the 21st century, some countries that are monarchies have significant
1401:
938:
878:
828:
773:
568:
500:
226:
221:
8923:"King's Coronation: 21 people arrested face no further action, Met says"
6863:
5961:
4424:
2790:
republicans to ally with the monarchists; with the defeat of EAM in the
2475:
against that government in October of the same year that executed Tsar (
2327:
2018:
1481:
10368:
10306:
10225:
9465:
9430:
7608:
7390:
6922:
6734:
6300:
5323:
5275:
5081:
5061:
4840:
4129:
3572:
3553:
2787:
2576:
2506:
2500:
2229:
1866:
1854:
1557:
1553:
1546:
1441:
1431:
893:
858:
783:
768:
703:
628:
573:
475:
420:
299:
284:
6532:
4582:
Monarchy restored in 1920, although the throne remained vacant with a
2989:
and the Vietnamese monarchy. From 1949 to 1955, Bảo Đại served as the
2587:
lost his throne when the country became a part of Yugoslavia in 1918.
10727:
10717:
10286:
9593:
9480:
7869:(heads of state) being elected for five-year terms. The country is a
7817:
7365:
6767:
5931:
5584:
5016:
4934:
4875:
4000:
3478:
3457:
3182:
3005:
2938:
2564:
2532:
2409:
2401:
2191:
In Brazil, the monarchy was formally established in 1815 through the
1952:
was later restored several times with differing levels of authority.
1842:
913:
593:
289:
181:
7811:
7414:
6125:
5578:
3657:
3472:
2471:
which toppled the entire institution of the monarchy, followed by a
2244:
came to an end after losing a war against Britain, and its Emperor,
1808:
34:
10864:
10747:
10737:
10556:
10055:
9327:
9029:. Parliament of the Co-operative Republic of Guyana. 29 August 1969
8183:
8168:
8133:
8122:
7951:
7945:
7356:
7327:
7305:
7299:
7177:
6987:
6468:
6231:
5728:
4957:
3622:
3534:
3452:
3335:
3331:
3312:
3292:
3249:
3171:
2857:
2609:
1953:
1927:
1647:
1643:
1573:
1530:
758:
515:
279:
216:
8006:
7914:
6554:
6289:
6264:
5920:
5895:
4731:
10757:
10712:
10687:
10241:
9950:
9568:
9521:
9460:
9384:
9338:
8820:"Barbados ditches Britain's Queen Elizabeth to become a republic"
8142:
8128:
8117:
8107:
7782:
7272:
7130:
7017:
6976:
6965:
6814:
6675:
6661:
6581:
6151:
6026:
5819:
4637:
4134:
All on account of German defeat in World War I and the following
4071:
4044:
3989:
3548:
2961:, ending almost three millennia of monarchical rule in Ethiopia.
2709:. After Victor Emmanuel abdicated to save the monarchy, a narrow
1999:, slowly fizzled out over the course of the rest of the century.
1690:
was established after the overthrow of the seventh king of Rome,
1592:
1588:
8773:"Título X. De la reforma constitucional – Constitución Española"
8746:"Ten years after the referendum, we are no closer to a republic"
8070:
7885:
7843:
7505:
7205:
6844:
6602:
6401:
6170:
6093:
4813:
Monarchy deposed by a communist uprising aided by the Red Army (
3323:
on 30 November 2021 following a constitutional amendment by the
2228:
The monarchy of Burma was abolished in 1885 when the last king,
1533:
elements in government, usually hereditary. The abolition of an
10839:
10752:
10015:
9915:
9558:
9414:
8498:
Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World
8286:
2009 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines constitutional referendum
8261:
List of monarchs who lost their thrones before the 17th century
8148:
7726:
7582:
7233:
7136:
7011:
5072:
3932:
Position abolished by Portuguese after an unsuccessful revolt.
3284:
3280:
2861:
2652:
was established under a nominal monarchy, but it was in fact a
2596:
Italy, Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, Croatia
2548:
1995:, which had held a majority in the National Assembly after the
1639:
1638:
was restored in 1975; the reinstatement in 1991 of the Emir of
1572:
falling from 22 to 12 between 1914 and 2015, and the number of
1569:
1556:
leading to the extinction of the monarchy, legislative reform,
435:
8557:. New York: Simon and Schuster (published 2017). p. 120.
8554:
George Washington's Journey: The President Forges a New Nation
3068:
The monarchy of Egypt was abolished in 1953, a year after the
2547:, soon abdicated. During the war, monarchies were planned for
2454:
was established, bringing an end to the monarchy in Mongolia.
1552:
Abolition has been carried out in various ways, including via
9296:
8028:
established, then Parliament reversed itself and invited the
7849:
6309:
6193:
4999:
Restored 1935 and later abolished again in 1973 (see below).
4970:
Sultanate abolished by the British and incorporated into the
3264:
3245:
2725:
2416:
2179:
lasted from 1864 to 1867, when it collapsed and its Emperor,
2668:
in July 1943, the monarchy in Croatia was abolished. As the
2442:
declared independence from the Qing dynasty of China in the
10722:
9563:
9553:
9543:
9526:
8624:, in which monarchist candidates barely attained any seats.
8276:
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 19th century
8271:
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 18th century
8266:
List of monarchs who lost their thrones in the 17th century
7732:
5589:
3832:
3106:
3076:, which caused him to abdicate in favour of his infant son
2381:
5156:
3020:
overthrew the kingless monarchy in Cambodia in 1970 and a
2844:
In Spain, the monarchy was again abolished in 1931 by the
2232:, lost his throne and the country was annexed by Britain.
8818:
Faulconbridge, Guy; Ellsworth, Brian (30 November 2022).
7767:
until the council's de-establishment on 14 March 2012 by
6477:; official result: 80% in favour of abolishing monarchy.
2929:
of Afghanistan was abolished after a socialist-supported
2289:
In Spain monarchy was abolished from 1873 to 1874 by the
9158:
8592:
The End of Kings: A History of Republics and Republicans
5286:
Khan attempted to restore the heir Nasir to the throne.
3131:
The monarchy of Ireland was not abolished following the
3087:. The monarchy of Yemen was abolished in 1962 when King
2876:" became king at Franco's death in 1975, and during the
1960:
in 1815, which in turn was replaced by the more liberal
1765:, which placed similar limits on the Scottish monarchy.
5490:
Abdicated after withdrawal of Italian support in 1943.
3973:
American Insular Government over the Philippine islands
3585:
Last monarch died; the realm was incorporated into the
3390:
2823:
in April 1967. Constantine II reluctantly accepted the
2751:, the monarchy was toppled in 1924, as a result of the
8817:
7339:. An unrecognised government of the British colony of
5780:
ceded Sarawak to the British Crown, which created the
2912:, who died in exile in England in 1932 without issue.
1529:
is a legislative or revolutionary movement to abolish
1115:
7293:
after adopting a resolution establishing a republic.
3338:
the following year. In 2013, an alleged coup plot by
2915:
2425:
annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China
9103:"Nepali deputy PM asks district "king" to step down"
7904:
Establishment of a federal republic approved by the
4034:
Monarchy dropped, shortly after the outbreak of the
2507:
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Montenegro
1923:
in 1830, featuring a depiction of the modern French
9049:"Samoa's Head of State could be appointed for life"
3263:lost his throne when the country became a state of
2193:
United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves
59:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
8700:
8589:
8221:in the 21st century, never having been abolished.
6711:Nasser bin Abdullah bin Hussein bin Ahmed Alfadhli
3462:Abolished by the French and incorporated into the
3357:
2868:would be the future Spanish monarch, he appointed
2318:, which was annexed by the United States in 1898.
1991:and the definitive end of the monarchy in France.
1768:
7384:; official result: 70.45% in favour of republic.
7199:; official result: 81.23% in favour of republic.
7150:. It remains officially inexistant, as President
5914:Forced to abdicate and exiled by the Communists.
5697:Decision of the parliament without a referendum.
5668:The king abdicated and no successor was elected.
5646:Monarchy abolished after the surrender of Japan.
5126:Kingdom of Kurdistan reconquered by the British.
4784:Monarchy deposed by an invasion by the Red Army (
4747:Removed from power, following an uprising led by
2672:were defeated in the war, communist partisans in
2306:In 1893 foreign business leaders overthrew Queen
2203:in 1822, and was abolished in 1889, when Emperor
1697:
10906:
9001:"Ankole monarchists blame Museveni for sabotage"
8620:Compare the 1871 election results with those of
5722:; official result: 54.3% in favour of republic.
2804:in 1946 resulted in a monarchist victory in the
2620:, along with the eastern European monarchies of
8662:. South Yarra: Hardie Grant Books. p. 250.
4751:and the withdrawal of German forces from Kyiv.
3843:– Emperor ousted by warlords and republicans. (
3149:left the question of Republic or monarchy vague
3080:. The monarchy of Iraq ended in 1958 when King
2636:by their dictators in World War II against the
7637:after adopting a new republican constitution.
7408:after adopting a new republican constitution.
7123:Amir Abd Allah ibn Muhsin al Yaslami Al Aulaqi
6693:after adopting a new republican constitution.
6504:after adopting a new republican constitution.
6423:; official result: 88% in favour of republic.
5569:Monarchy abolished by the Communist regime of
5146:Abolished by the French and incorporated into
2199:was a constituent state), it evolved into the
9312:
9144:
8865:"Cambodian election protests grip Phnom Penh"
8494:
2941:royal family, who declared himself the first
2590:
2211:(the status of the republic was confirmed by
1898:Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy
1837:Organized anti-monarchism in what is now the
1825:in 1875, is an iconic image representing the
1504:
8949:"Met Police arrest anti-monarchy protesters"
8672:
7491:; official result: 69.18% against monarchy.
2808:and the return of George II to the country.
2457:
1857:in New York City was toppled. Parliamentary
1734:but moderated by an independent Parliament.
8787:"Why did Nepalese people abolish monarchy?"
7690:to restore the deposed president to power.
5427:after taking over as prime minister of the
5249:Sayyid al-Hasan ibn Ali al-Idrisi al-Hasani
3240:In 1947, it was agreed that India would be
9319:
9305:
9151:
9137:
8975:"FACT CHECKER: Museveni on Ankole Kingdom"
7968:Constitution (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 2021
3244:into the independent British dominions of
3111:
2957:was overthrown in 1974 as a result of the
2830:a July referendum confirming that decision
2819:. The resulting political crisis led to a
2726:Australia (monarchy kept after referendum)
2717:and the Italian monarchy ceased to exist.
1511:
1497:
8231:Alliance of European Republican Movements
7146:Abolished by the government of President
5423:The end of the monarchy was announced by
2767:was established with the support of King
2608:and removed the reigning self-proclaimed
2106:The monarchy of Madagascar, known as the
1804:United States Declaration of Independence
1681:
119:Learn how and when to remove this message
8743:
8737:
8657:
8587:
7865:, triggering a transition to subsequent
6807:Salih ibn al Husayn ibn Jabil Al Audhali
6741:Ghalib II bin Awadh bin Saleh Al Qu'aiti
5025:proclaimed after the Bogd Khan's death.
4717:Throne transferred to the newly created
3159:of 1948, which came into force in 1949.
3107:Imperialism expansion and decolonisation
3028:being restored as a figurehead in 1993.
1909:
1807:
8291:2008 Tuvaluan constitutional referendum
7154:has opposed the kingdom's restoration.
6221:Republic proclaimed the year after the
6117:republic in the Commonwealth of Nations
5274:Upon Maqsud Shah's death in March 1930
3881:Incorporation into the French Comoros.
3725:Native monarchy abolished; replaced by
3307:was transformed into a republic by the
2771:, further delegitimizing the monarchy.
2423:government which continued through the
2277:) when they all became part of the new
1068:Perpetual Peace: A Philosophical Sketch
14:
10907:
9354:List of current non-sovereign monarchs
8666:
2892:than other constitutional provisions.
2713:ended the short reign of his son King
2701:but transferred most of his powers to
9584:
9300:
9132:
8862:
8836:
8547:
6718:Incorporation into the newly created
5541:Monarchy abolished after takeover by
4719:Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes
1219:1946 Italian institutional referendum
1159:Spanish American wars of independence
9057:. Radio New Zealand. 4 November 2021
3391:Summary table since the 20th century
3085:was killed and a republic proclaimed
3050:establishment of an Islamic republic
3040:'s rule in Iran ended following the
2977:abdicated under the pressure of the
2815:, interfered in politics during the
2648:. When Yugoslavia fell in 1941 the
2380:succeeded in overthrowing the young
2012:
1642:following abolition in 1990 and the
57:adding citations to reliable sources
28:
8551:(2016). "4: Voices of the People".
8475:"Stamp Act crisis and significance"
7581:; official result: 97% to become a
7552:Abolished the monarchy following a
5431:, which was collaborating with the
4675:Duke Adolf Friedrich of Mecklenburg
4083:Finnish Declaration of Independence
3864:French annexation of Wadai Empire.
3350:failed. Following the accession of
3197:In 1910 the last emperor of Korea,
2699:Fall of the Fascist regime in Italy
1666:
988:The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates
24:
9349:List of current sovereign monarchs
8744:Steketee, Mike (31 October 2009).
8391:"Does the monarchy have a future?"
7970:, which created the office of the
7436:; country renamed to "Sri Lanka".
7345:unilaterally declared independence
5801:Amaluddin Al Sani Perkasa Alamsyah
5331:Deposed and incorporated into the
2916:Communism, socialism, and Islamism
2664:of Nazi Germany. With the fall of
1987:led to his fall, resulting in the
1579:Motivations for abolition include
25:
10926:
9077:"Nepal votes to abolish monarchy"
8863:Hodal, Kate (16 September 2013).
7906:1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly
7832:after amending its constitution.
7523:after amending its constitution.
6620:after amending its constitution.
6596:after amending its constitution.
6575:after amending its constitution.
5360:Incorporation into Saudi Arabia.
3342:to overthrow the monarchy of the
3309:1st Nepalese Constituent Assembly
3274:
3120:, which were sovereign states in
3060:
2997:and did not receive the title of
2462:
2372:ceased to exist in 1912 when the
2159:'s abdication in March 1823. The
9867:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
9271:Citizens for a Canadian Republic
9213:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
8837:Karim, Aeshah (31 August 2012).
8393:. Dhaka Tribune. 11 January 2020
8323:from the original on 19 May 2018
8281:Debate on the monarchy in Canada
8182:
8141:
8069:
8043:
8010:
8005:
7944:
7913:
7884:
7842:
7810:
7805:. Restored in 1991 (see below).
7781:
7725:
7700:
7669:
7642:
7615:
7590:
7561:
7528:
7504:
7468:
7441:
7413:
7389:
7364:
7355:and the independent republic of
7320:
7298:
7271:
7204:
7176:
7129:
7046:
7030:
7010:
6921:
6862:
6843:
6813:
6766:
6747:
6727:
6720:People's Republic of South Yemen
6698:
6674:
6649:
6625:
6601:
6580:
6553:
6531:
6509:
6482:
6456:
6428:
6400:
6375:
6348:
6321:
6288:
6263:
6230:
6201:
6169:
6150:
6124:
6092:
6076:
6051:
6004:
5982:
5960:
5919:
5894:
5856:
5837:
5818:
5788:
5760:
5727:
5702:
5673:
5651:
5629:
5607:
5577:
5549:
5523:
5495:
5473:
5444:
5403:
5365:
5340:
5291:
5236:
5181:
5155:
5109:
5080:
5030:
5004:
4979:
4950:
4922:
4900:
4874:
4848:
4822:
4793:
4761:
4730:
4700:
4681:
4662:
4636:
4615:
4591:
4570:
4544:
4525:
4506:
4480:
4461:
4442:
4423:
4404:
4385:
4366:
4347:
4328:
4309:
4290:
4271:
4252:
4233:
4214:
4195:
4176:
4157:
4143:
4117:
4112:uniting Montenegro with Serbia.
4089:
4070:
4043:
4017:
3988:
3951:
3912:
3886:
3820:
3794:
3708:
3681:
3650:
3621:
3541:
3514:
3471:
3445:
3168:republic within the Commonwealth
2720:
2541:Frederick Augustus III of Saxony
2493:bourgeois independence movements
2338:After ceding sovereignty of the
2293:, but then restored until 1931.
2151:existed from the September 1821
2017:
1730:). After eleven years, in 1660,
1661:
1480:
1008:Discourses Concerning Government
33:
9344:Imperial, royal and noble ranks
9095:
9069:
9041:
9019:
8993:
8967:
8941:
8915:
8890:
8856:
8830:
8811:
8793:
8779:
8765:
8694:
8651:
8638:American Samoa Bar Associations
8627:
8614:
8581:
8540:
8515:
8488:
5831:Shaibun Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah
5751:regime. Simeon later served as
4865:Monarchy deposed following the
4563:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
3945:Mwene Mbandu Kapova I of Mbunda
3527:Alauddin Muhammad Da'ud Syah II
3358:Monarchism in former monarchies
3298:
3055:
2993:(lit. "Chief of State") of the
2878:Spanish transition to democracy
2353:
2167:was proclaimed in 1824. Due to
2091:
1769:Atlantic and French Revolutions
1732:a limited monarchy was restored
1724:a period of an English republic
1545:is a less radical form of anti-
1274:Barbadian Republic Proclamation
44:needs additional citations for
9326:
9109:. 4 March 2009. Archived from
8467:
8451:
8426:
8417:
8405:
8383:
8361:
8335:
8303:
7059:Ali bin Abd al Karim al Abdali
6935:Husayn ibn Abd Allah Al Wahidi
6856:Shafaul ibn Ali Shaif Al Amiri
6308:Entered into state union with
6023:Indonesian National Revolution
5888:Political integration of India
5850:Mahmud Abdul Jalil Rahmad Shah
5598:. Territories returned to the
5229:Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen
5093:Ali bin Hussein, King of Hejaz
3126:monarchy of the United Kingdom
2925:In 1973, the monarchy of King
2920:
2778:, George II nominally led the
2438:During the Xinhai Revolution,
2433:Central Tibetan Administration
2358:
1698:Civil War and English Republic
1632:a regency with a vacant throne
1209:1935 Greek coup d'état attempt
1189:German Revolution of 1918–1919
13:
1:
8588:Everdell, William R. (2000).
8501:. Random House. p. 357.
8296:
7434:a new republican constitution
7239:Maad Saloum Fode N'Gouye Joof
6915:Mahmud ibn Muhammad Al Aqrabi
6887:Yahya ibn Mutahhar al-Saqladi
6256:a new republican constitution
6113:a new republican constitution
5995:Kasim Abdul Jalil Syaifudin I
5594:Monarchy abolished after the
3769:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
3743:Incorporation into Portugal.
3590:Southern Nigeria Protectorate
3204:
2985:. This marked the end of the
2888:with much stricter rules for
2693:all lost their thrones. King
2499:, Poland and Finland and the
2384:; this marked the end of the
1800:Patriot (American Revolution)
9359:List of monarchy referendums
9266:Australian Republic Movement
8256:List of monarchy referendums
8219:monarchies continue to exist
8201:established; restored as an
7315:Later restored (see below).
7004:Faisal bin Surur Al Haushabi
6395:Integration with Indonesia.
6312:after independence from the
6071:Integration with Indonesia.
6064:Syarif Hamid II of Pontianak
5977:Integration with Indonesia.
5945:Republic of Ireland Act 1948
5353:Ali II ibn Muhsin ibn Husayn
5311:Later restored (see below).
4913:Muhammad bin Talal Al Rashid
3877:Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar
2964:
2882:Spanish constitution of 1978
2872:his successor in 1969. The "
2736:Australian Capital Territory
2697:had remained King after the
2695:Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
2650:Independent State of Croatia
2612:and instated their own King
2444:Mongolian Revolution of 1911
1790:History of the United States
1459:Republic without republicans
1204:11 September 1922 Revolution
1199:Mongolian Revolution of 1921
7:
9027:"Resolution No. 26 of 1969"
8801:"Nepal to Abolish Monarchy"
8680:. Ringwood (Vic): Penguin.
8598:University of Chicago Press
8527:The New York Public Library
8224:
6826:Saleh al Hussein Al Habieli
6760:Muhammad ibn Salih Harharah
5869:Sulaiman Syariful Alam Shah
5050:Monarchy restored in 1928 (
3400:
2948:
2895:
2452:Mongolian People's Republic
2153:Declaration of Independence
2137:
1851:Declaration of Independence
1847:Parliament of Great Britain
1779:
1646:; and a 1993 transition of
1194:Turkish War of Independence
1116:
10:
10931:
8658:Turnbull, Malcolm (1999).
7930:Abolished by order of the
7749:September 1987 coup d'état
7607:Communist takeover by the
7495:had been organised by the
7095:Nasir ibn Aidrus Al Awlaqi
6870:Wahidi Sultanate of Balhaf
6793:al Qasim ibn Abd ar Rahman
6779:Mahmud ibn Aidrus Al Afifi
6717:
6714:
6194:People's Republic of China
5753:Prime Minister of Bulgaria
5464:Relinquished throne after
5435:and not recognized by the
4610:Monarchy never in effect.
4133:
4105:
3044:of 1979 overthrowing Shah
3014:fraudulent 1955 referendum
2800:, and the outbreak of the
2591:World War II and aftermath
2296:
2006:
2002:
1938:of 1581–1795—involved the
1916:Liberty Leading the People
1891:
1881:
1831:American Revolutionary War
1796:American Revolutionary War
1793:
1783:
1772:
1728:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
1692:Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
1670:
1249:1970 Cambodian coup d'état
998:The Commonwealth of Oceana
10771:
10680:
10394:
10157:
10091:
9903:
9894:
9790:
9772:
9704:
9619:
9577:
9509:
9423:
9367:
9334:
9258:
9170:
8660:Fighting for the Republic
8423:Matyszak 2003, p. 41.-42.
8413:Constitution of Athens, 3
8075:
8068:
7987:
7938:
7900:
7836:
7775:
7694:
7688:French military operation
7658:
7548:
7484:
7337:its unrecognised monarchy
7331:
7285:
7265:
7260:Maad a Sinig Mahecor Joof
7242:
7220:
6929:Wahidi Sultanate of Haban
6665:
6612:
6567:
6564:
6496:
6473:coup d'état, followed by
6439:
6411:
6391:
6369:
6337:
6140:
6115:. India became the first
6070:
6067:
6045:
5943:" under the terms of the
5935:
5804:
5693:
5620:Muhammad Tahur Muhibuddin
5565:
5511:
5460:
5397:
5223:
5209:
5142:
5046:
4995:
4966:
4938:
4890:
4780:
4755:
4609:
4555:
4500:Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
4491:
4479:
4128:
4059:
4054:
4004:
3967:
3931:
3928:
3836:
3759:
3697:
3675:
3484:Laurent Piukeke Taupotini
3464:Establishments in Oceania
3461:
3428:
3411:
3397:
3133:Irish war of independence
2784:National Liberation Front
2780:Greek government in exile
2776:Axis occupation of Greece
2742:
2632:were forced to join with
2569:Mindaugas II of Lithuania
2545:Wilhelm II of Württemberg
2503:winning everywhere else.
2458:World War I and aftermath
2251:
2096:
1894:French Revolutionary Wars
1877:
1652:Marxist-Leninist republic
1422:The Emperor's New Clothes
1174:5 October 1910 revolution
1169:French Revolution of 1848
192:Liberty as non-domination
9496:Self-proclaimed monarchy
7926:Jigme Dorje Palbar Bista
7803:Iraqi invasion of Kuwait
7109:Awad ibn Salih Al Awlaqi
7020:Sultanate in Hadhramaut
6901:Salih ibn Sayil Al Alawi
6737:Sultanate in Hadhramaut
6223:1952 Egyptian revolution
5148:French Equatorial Africa
4565:, on 10 September 1919.
3845:Briefly restored in 1917
3377:Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
3192:
2943:President of Afghanistan
2890:constitutional amendment
2839:
2761:Second Hellenic Republic
2749:modern history of Greece
2585:Nicholas I of Montenegro
2448:Bogd Khanate of Mongolia
2363:
2209:republican military coup
2130:on the throne. In 1917,
1977:Louis Napoleon Bonaparte
1925:national personification
1702:Under the leadership of
1264:1987 Fijian coups d'état
1224:1952 Egyptian revolution
202:Political representation
9764:Vatican City (Holy See)
8110:) under the regency of
8100:Second Spanish Republic
8026:Commonwealth of England
7794:Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah
7765:Great Council of Chiefs
7759:remained recognized as
6774:Sultanate of Lower Yafa
6755:Sultanate of Upper Yafa
6283:Ordered by parliament.
5953:Commonwealth of Nations
5227:Incorporation into the
5071:Sheikhdom abolished by
4830:North Caucasian Emirate
4689:Courland and Semigallia
4036:National Protection War
3964:Sultan Jamalul-Kiram II
3667:Incorporation into the
3255:Finally, in 1975, King
3157:Republic of Ireland Act
3112:Commonwealth of Nations
3031:
2846:Second Spanish Republic
2396:briefly proclaimed the
2218:
1763:Claim of Right Act 1689
1753:. At the same time, in
1543:constitutional monarchy
1244:1969 Libyan coup d'état
1028:Discourse on Inequality
177:Consent of the governed
68:"Abolition of monarchy"
10046:Islands of Refreshment
9476:Legitimacy (political)
8843:Aeshah Adlina's Weblog
8622:the end of the century
8495:Maya Jasanoff (2012).
8083:First Spanish Republic
8030:return of the monarchy
7855:Malietoa Tanumafili II
7574:Palden Thondup Namgyal
7118:Upper Aulaqi Sheikhdom
7104:Upper Aulaqi Sultanate
7090:Lower Aulaqi Sultanate
5538:(ruled by a governor)
5203:Kingdom of Afghanistan
4809:Abdallah Khan of Khiva
4488:Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
4208:Frederick Augustus III
4008:Re-incorporation into
3787:Portuguese West Africa
3767:and incorporated into
3702:Republican coup d'état
3436:and incorporated into
3257:Palden Thondup Namgyal
3231:subnational monarchies
3187:series of coups d'état
2908:, ending the reign of
2870:Juan Carlos of Bourbon
2707:Armistice of Cassibile
2683:Peter II of Yugoslavia
2557:Grand Duchy of Finland
2291:First Spanish Republic
2181:Maximilian I of Mexico
2165:First Mexican Republic
2161:Provisional Government
2027:This section is empty.
1973:Second French Republic
1931:
1834:
1751:Act of Settlement 1701
1714:which resulted in the
1682:Roman Kingdom/Republic
10915:Abolition of monarchy
9857:Saint Kitts and Nevis
9446:Criticism of monarchy
9436:Abolition of monarchy
8715:10.1353/jod.2000.0058
8236:Criticism of monarchy
7972:President of Barbados
7801:Dethroned due to the
7655:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
7353:it was disestablished
7171:Sultanate abolished.
7079:Sheikhdom of al-`Irqa
7068:Sheikhdom of al-Hawra
6163:Jayachamaraja Wodeyar
6033:, similar to today's
5624:Sultanate abolished.
4723:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
4374:Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
4322:Frederick Augustus II
4303:Adolphus Frederick VI
3385:a two-thirds majority
3211:independence of India
3046:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
2687:Simeon II of Bulgaria
2638:Kingdom of Yugoslavia
2606:Italy invaded Albania
2537:Ludwig III of Bavaria
2388:and the start of the
2314:. They established a
2177:Second Mexican Empire
1989:French Third Republic
1913:
1892:Further information:
1884:French First Republic
1811:
1794:Further information:
1759:Convention of Estates
1716:Parliament of England
1671:Further information:
1527:abolition of monarchy
1412:Criticism of monarchy
1234:North Yemen civil war
1048:The Federalist Papers
343:Federal parliamentary
9689:United Arab Emirates
9281:New Zealand Republic
8703:Journal of Democracy
8159:proclaimed prior to
7189:Muhammad Fareed Didi
6638:Jamshid bin Abdullah
6137:Giridhar Singh Bhati
6035:Yogyakarta Sultanate
5939:Abolished the last "
5773:Charles Vyner Brooke
5425:Georgios Tsolakoglou
4963:Fumo 'Umar ibn Ahmad
4835:Uzun Hajji Saltinsky
4298:Mecklenburg-Strelitz
4284:Frederick Francis IV
4279:Mecklenburg-Schwerin
4260:Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
4010:Anglo-Egyptian Sudan
3977:British North Borneo
3344:United Arab Emirates
3153:President of Ireland
3151:, but established a
3012:came to naught in a
2969:In 1945, during the
2959:Ethiopian Revolution
2860:but kept himself as
2765:4th of August Regime
2691:Michael I of Romania
2616:as its new monarch.
2207:was overthrown by a
2149:First Mexican Empire
2128:Mavura Mhande Felipe
2041:"Haitian Revolution"
1981:Second French Empire
1815:, originally titled
1775:Atlantic Revolutions
1605:national sovereignty
1397:Classical radicalism
1139:Republic of Florence
1078:Democracy in America
237:Separation of powers
212:Public participation
53:improve this article
10885:Trinidad and Tobago
10772:Commonwealth realms
10657:United Baltic Duchy
9800:Antigua and Barbuda
9792:Commonwealth realms
9486:Order of succession
9178:Antigua and Barbuda
9164:Commonwealth realms
8807:. 24 December 2007.
8251:List of last scions
7966:after adopting the
7932:Government of Nepal
7747:as a result of the
7623:Trinidad and Tobago
7554:coup d'état in 1974
7454:Mohammed Zahir Shah
7245:Republic of Senegal
6643:Zanzibar Revolution
6361:Muhammad Salahuddin
5941:monarchy of Ireland
5755:from 2001 to 2005.
5457:Victor Emmanuel III
5387:Victor Emmanuel III
5253:Incorporation into
5194:Habibullāh Kalakāni
5172:Incorporation into
5139:Rogombé-Nwèntchandi
4943:Sultanate abolished
4891:Incorporation into
4670:United Baltic Duchy
4606:Frederick Charles I
3925:Manuel III of Kongo
3903:Incorporation into
3785:Incorporation into
3641:Incorporation into
3634:Dewa Agung Jambe II
3612:Incorporation into
3578:Adeyemi I Alowolodu
3561:Incorporation into
3118:Commonwealth realms
3048:and leading to the
2935:Mohammad Daoud Khan
2927:Mohammed Zahir Shah
2769:George II of Greece
2757:Asia Minor Disaster
2674:occupied Yugoslavia
2614:Victor Emmanuel III
2248:, lost his throne.
2169:French intervention
2163:took power and the
1985:Franco-Prussian War
1958:Bourbon Restoration
1944:in 1792 during the
1906:Revolutions of 1848
1902:Revolutions of 1830
1827:patriotic sentiment
1786:American Revolution
1747:Bill of Rights 1689
1743:Glorious Revolution
1630:had been nominally
1614:movements, such as
1597:Commonwealth realms
1487:Politics portal
1292:Antigua and Barbuda
1239:Zanzibar Revolution
1149:American Revolution
1038:The Social Contract
207:Popular sovereignty
9107:Xinhua News Agency
8635:"Tufele; Young v."
8546:Note for example:
8167:; restored in the
8157:Republic of Kuwait
8000:Years of republic
7663:Iranian Revolution
7493:A prior referendum
7349:referendum in 1969
7167:Zainal Abidin Syah
7054:Sultanate of Lahej
6999:Haushabi Sultanate
6966:Mausatta Sheikhdom
6882:Sheikhdom of Shaib
6012:Surakarta Sunanate
5949:London Declaration
5811:Tengku Amir Hamzah
5596:surrender of Japan
5543:Yugoslav Partisans
5385:Throne usurped by
5174:Italian Somaliland
4777:Mohammed Alim Khan
4743:Pavlo Skoropadskyi
4533:Reuss Younger Line
4064:Russian Revolution
3899:Grigorios Vegleris
3860:Dud Murra of Wadai
3614:British Somaliland
3438:French West Africa
3369:Michael of Romania
3141:Irish Constitution
3135:in the 1920s. The
3095:was overthrown by
3070:military overthrow
3042:Iranian Revolution
3022:Communist takeover
3001:(lit. "Emperor").
2834:referendum in 1974
2711:referendum in 1946
2483:and implemented a
2406:Manchu Restoration
2348:Tui Manu'a Elisara
2009:Haitian Revolution
1932:
1835:
1739:Kingdom of England
1539:limited government
1453:Primus inter pares
1269:Nepalese Civil War
1259:Iranian Revolution
1229:14 July Revolution
1184:Russian Revolution
1179:Chinese Revolution
1129:Republic of Venice
978:Discourses on Livy
18:Abolished monarchy
10902:
10901:
10898:
10897:
10587:Piedmont-Sardinia
10339:Sip Song Chau Tai
10149:Thirteen Colonies
9890:
9889:
9294:
9293:
9007:. 18 January 2021
8981:. 2 February 2021
8564:978-1-4516-7543-6
8549:Breen, Timothy H.
8508:978-1-4000-7547-8
8371:. QZ. 18 May 2018
8215:
8214:
8203:elective monarchy
7978:
7977:
7867:O le Ao o le Malo
7769:Frank Bainimarama
7341:Southern Rhodesia
7024:Al Husayn ibn Ali
6955:Hadrami Sheikhdom
6944:Qutaibi Sheikhdom
6835:Dathina Sheikhdom
6821:Emirate of Beihan
6802:Audhali Sultanate
6788:Muflahi Sheikhdom
6143:Republic of India
5807:Social Revolution
5782:Colony of Sarawak
5600:Republic of China
5466:Italian armistice
5168:Ali Yusuf Kenadid
5023:People's Republic
4887:Al-Hasan Bin Ayad
4867:Siege of Damascus
4839:Abolished by the
4815:Khivan Revolution
4804:
4786:Bukhara operation
4772:
4136:German Revolution
3981:Dutch East Indies
3959:Sultanate of Sulu
3841:Xinhai Revolution
3811:Abolished by the
3763:Abolished by the
3643:Dutch East Indies
3432:Abolished by the
3346:and establish an
2971:August Revolution
2886:entrenched clause
2856:declared Spain a
2817:Apostasia of 1965
2796:, the subsequent
2579:exercised by the
2553:Kingdom of Poland
2489:Russian Civil War
2473:second revolution
2429:Tibetan rebellion
2419:was ruled by the
2390:Republic of China
2374:Xinhai Revolution
2370:monarchy of China
2312:Kingdom of Hawaii
2197:Kingdom of Brazil
2089:
2088:
1946:French Revolution
1888:French Revolution
1823:Archibald Willard
1813:The Spirit of '76
1722:, and initiating
1718:overthrowing the
1712:English Civil War
1656:elective monarchy
1624:monarchy of Spain
1601:national identity
1535:absolute monarchy
1521:
1520:
1464:Republican empire
1437:List of republics
1286:National variants
1214:Spanish Civil War
1154:French Revolution
1134:Republic of Genoa
1018:The Spirit of Law
951:Theoretical works
295:Neo-republicanism
129:
128:
121:
103:
16:(Redirected from
10922:
10826:Irish Free State
10592:Poland–Lithuania
9901:
9900:
9852:Papua New Guinea
9582:
9581:
9321:
9314:
9307:
9298:
9297:
9249:Northern Ireland
9153:
9146:
9139:
9130:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9118:
9099:
9093:
9092:
9090:
9088:
9073:
9067:
9066:
9064:
9062:
9045:
9039:
9038:
9036:
9034:
9023:
9017:
9016:
9014:
9012:
8997:
8991:
8990:
8988:
8986:
8971:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8960:
8945:
8939:
8938:
8936:
8934:
8929:. 5 October 2023
8919:
8913:
8912:
8910:
8908:
8894:
8888:
8887:
8885:
8883:
8860:
8854:
8853:
8851:
8849:
8834:
8828:
8827:
8815:
8809:
8808:
8797:
8791:
8790:
8783:
8777:
8776:
8769:
8763:
8762:
8760:
8758:
8741:
8735:
8734:
8698:
8692:
8691:
8670:
8664:
8663:
8655:
8649:
8648:
8646:
8644:
8631:
8625:
8618:
8612:
8611:
8595:
8585:
8579:
8578:
8573:
8571:
8544:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8533:
8519:
8513:
8512:
8492:
8486:
8485:
8483:
8481:
8471:
8465:
8455:
8449:
8448:
8446:
8444:
8430:
8424:
8421:
8415:
8409:
8403:
8402:
8400:
8398:
8387:
8381:
8380:
8378:
8376:
8365:
8359:
8358:
8356:
8354:
8339:
8333:
8332:
8330:
8328:
8314:
8307:
8186:
8145:
8112:Francisco Franco
8073:
8047:
8014:
8009:
7985:
7984:
7948:
7917:
7888:
7846:
7814:
7785:
7729:
7704:
7673:
7646:
7619:
7594:
7565:
7541:Haile Selassie I
7532:
7508:
7472:
7445:
7417:
7393:
7368:
7324:
7311:Norodom Sihanouk
7302:
7275:
7208:
7180:
7133:
7050:
7034:
7014:
6925:
6910:Aqrabi Sheikhdom
6866:
6851:Emirate of Dhala
6847:
6817:
6770:
6751:
6731:
6706:Fadhli Sultanate
6702:
6678:
6653:
6629:
6605:
6584:
6557:
6535:
6522:Muhammad al-Badr
6513:
6486:
6460:
6432:
6404:
6379:
6352:
6325:
6292:
6267:
6234:
6205:
6173:
6154:
6141:Merged with the
6128:
6096:
6080:
6055:
6008:
5986:
5973:Mangkunegara VII
5964:
5923:
5898:
5860:
5841:
5822:
5792:
5764:
5749:Fatherland Front
5731:
5706:
5677:
5655:
5633:
5611:
5581:
5553:
5527:
5499:
5477:
5448:
5407:
5391:Italian invasion
5369:
5344:
5333:Ethiopian Empire
5295:
5240:
5185:
5159:
5113:
5084:
5067:Khaz'al al-Ka'bi
5052:Albanian Kingdom
5034:
5008:
4983:
4954:
4926:
4904:
4878:
4852:
4826:
4802:
4797:
4770:
4765:
4734:
4704:
4685:
4666:
4640:
4619:
4595:
4574:
4548:
4529:
4514:Reuss Elder Line
4510:
4484:
4469:Schaumburg-Lippe
4465:
4446:
4427:
4408:
4389:
4370:
4351:
4332:
4313:
4294:
4275:
4256:
4237:
4218:
4199:
4180:
4161:
4147:
4121:
4093:
4074:
4047:
4021:
3992:
3955:
3916:
3890:
3824:
3798:
3712:
3685:
3654:
3625:
3545:
3518:
3507:Ethiopian Empire
3475:
3449:
3395:
3394:
3373:Prince Alexander
3348:Islamic republic
3305:Kingdom of Nepal
3227:Emperor of India
3137:Irish Free State
3089:Muhammad al-Badr
3026:Norodom Sihanouk
2995:State of Vietnam
2955:Haile Selassie I
2937:, from the same
2854:Francisco Franco
2848:(1931–1939). In
2759:. The resulting
2678:occupied Albania
2517:Austro-Hungarian
2487:government. The
2485:Marxist-Leninist
2382:Xuantong Emperor
2279:Kingdom of Italy
2275:the Two Sicilies
2201:Empire of Brazil
2183:, was executed.
2084:
2081:
2075:
2029:You can help by
2021:
2013:
1979:established the
1921:Eugène Delacroix
1829:surrounding the
1720:English monarchy
1673:Classical Athens
1667:Classical Athens
1513:
1506:
1499:
1485:
1484:
1469:Republican Party
1447:Peasant republic
1407:Communitarianism
1124:Classical Athens
1119:
1093:
1083:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1043:
1033:
1023:
1013:
1003:
993:
983:
973:
963:
197:Mixed government
131:
130:
124:
117:
113:
110:
104:
102:
61:
37:
29:
21:
10930:
10929:
10925:
10924:
10923:
10921:
10920:
10919:
10905:
10904:
10903:
10894:
10819:princely states
10767:
10703:Kingdom of Fiji
10676:
10422:Austria-Hungary
10390:
10153:
10087:
9886:
9872:Solomon Islands
9786:
9768:
9700:
9615:
9573:
9505:
9451:Democratization
9419:
9363:
9330:
9325:
9295:
9290:
9254:
9227:2008 referendum
9217:2009 referendum
9187:1999 referendum
9166:
9157:
9127:
9126:
9116:
9114:
9113:on 4 March 2009
9101:
9100:
9096:
9086:
9084:
9075:
9074:
9070:
9060:
9058:
9047:
9046:
9042:
9032:
9030:
9025:
9024:
9020:
9010:
9008:
8999:
8998:
8994:
8984:
8982:
8973:
8972:
8968:
8958:
8956:
8947:
8946:
8942:
8932:
8930:
8921:
8920:
8916:
8906:
8904:
8896:
8895:
8891:
8881:
8879:
8861:
8857:
8847:
8845:
8835:
8831:
8816:
8812:
8799:
8798:
8794:
8789:. 13 June 2008.
8785:
8784:
8780:
8771:
8770:
8766:
8756:
8754:
8742:
8738:
8699:
8695:
8688:
8671:
8667:
8656:
8652:
8642:
8640:
8633:
8632:
8628:
8619:
8615:
8608:
8586:
8582:
8569:
8567:
8565:
8545:
8541:
8531:
8529:
8521:
8520:
8516:
8509:
8493:
8489:
8479:
8477:
8473:
8472:
8468:
8456:
8452:
8442:
8440:
8432:
8431:
8427:
8422:
8418:
8410:
8406:
8396:
8394:
8389:
8388:
8384:
8374:
8372:
8367:
8366:
8362:
8352:
8350:
8341:
8340:
8336:
8326:
8324:
8319:. 19 May 2018.
8317:The Independent
8309:
8308:
8304:
8299:
8241:Democratization
8227:
8132:
8121:
7991:Year abolished
7983:
7761:Paramount Chief
7753:Sitiveni Rabuka
7713:Charles Mumbere
7686:Dethroned by a
7603:Savang Vatthana
7432:after adopting
7152:Yoweri Museveni
7038:Mahra Sultanate
6988:Dhabi Sheikhdom
6896:Alawi Sheikhdom
6388:Falihi of Buton
6254:after adopting
6111:after adopting
5878:Princely States
5571:Josip Broz Tito
5280:Kumul Rebellion
5122:Mahmud Barzanji
4655:Regency Council
4431:Waldeck-Pyrmont
3807:Abdul Rahman II
3756:Eze Nri Òbalíke
3505:Annexed by the
3393:
3360:
3301:
3277:
3235:princely states
3207:
3195:
3145:came into force
3114:
3109:
3101:Muammar Gaddafi
3097:a military coup
3063:
3058:
3038:Pahlavi dynasty
3034:
2967:
2951:
2923:
2918:
2898:
2874:Prince of Spain
2842:
2811:The last king,
2806:1946 referendum
2802:Greek Civil War
2753:National Schism
2745:
2732:1999 referendum
2728:
2723:
2654:one party state
2598:
2593:
2509:
2495:winning in the
2465:
2460:
2421:Ganden Phodrang
2398:Empire of China
2366:
2361:
2356:
2299:
2254:
2246:Bahadur Shah II
2221:
2140:
2099:
2094:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2035:
2034:
2022:
2011:
2005:
1969:1848 Revolution
1950:French monarchy
1908:
1890:
1882:Main articles:
1880:
1806:
1792:
1784:Main articles:
1782:
1777:
1771:
1704:Oliver Cromwell
1700:
1684:
1675:
1669:
1664:
1636:Bourbon dynasty
1517:
1479:
1474:
1473:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1287:
1279:
1278:
1164:Trienio Liberal
1105:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1081:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1041:
1031:
1021:
1011:
1001:
991:
981:
971:
961:
952:
944:
943:
679:Flynn (Stephen)
564:
556:
555:
396:
388:
387:
313:
305:
304:
260:
252:
251:
247:Social equality
242:Social contract
232:Self-governance
187:Democratization
162:Anti-corruption
157:Anti-monarchism
152:
136:Politics series
125:
114:
108:
105:
62:
60:
50:
38:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10928:
10918:
10917:
10900:
10899:
10896:
10895:
10893:
10892:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10872:
10867:
10862:
10857:
10852:
10847:
10842:
10837:
10832:
10823:
10807:
10802:
10797:
10792:
10787:
10781:
10775:
10773:
10769:
10768:
10766:
10765:
10760:
10755:
10750:
10745:
10740:
10735:
10730:
10725:
10720:
10715:
10710:
10705:
10700:
10695:
10690:
10684:
10682:
10678:
10677:
10675:
10674:
10669:
10664:
10659:
10654:
10649:
10644:
10639:
10634:
10629:
10624:
10619:
10614:
10609:
10604:
10599:
10594:
10589:
10584:
10579:
10577:Ottoman Empire
10574:
10569:
10564:
10559:
10554:
10549:
10544:
10539:
10537:Kartli-Kakheti
10534:
10529:
10524:
10519:
10514:
10509:
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10479:
10474:
10469:
10464:
10459:
10454:
10449:
10444:
10439:
10434:
10429:
10424:
10419:
10414:
10409:
10404:
10398:
10396:
10392:
10391:
10389:
10388:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10341:
10336:
10331:
10326:
10319:
10314:
10309:
10304:
10299:
10294:
10289:
10284:
10279:
10274:
10269:
10264:
10259:
10254:
10249:
10244:
10239:
10234:
10229:
10219:
10212:
10207:
10202:
10197:
10192:
10187:
10182:
10177:
10172:
10167:
10161:
10159:
10155:
10154:
10152:
10151:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10121:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10095:
10093:
10089:
10088:
10086:
10085:
10078:
10073:
10068:
10063:
10058:
10053:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10023:
10018:
10013:
10008:
10003:
9998:
9993:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9968:
9963:
9958:
9953:
9948:
9946:Central Africa
9943:
9938:
9933:
9928:
9923:
9918:
9913:
9907:
9905:
9898:
9892:
9891:
9888:
9887:
9885:
9884:
9882:United Kingdom
9879:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9859:
9854:
9849:
9848:
9847:
9842:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9807:
9802:
9796:
9794:
9788:
9787:
9785:
9784:
9778:
9776:
9770:
9769:
9767:
9766:
9761:
9756:
9751:
9746:
9741:
9736:
9731:
9726:
9721:
9716:
9710:
9708:
9702:
9701:
9699:
9698:
9691:
9686:
9681:
9676:
9671:
9666:
9661:
9656:
9651:
9646:
9641:
9636:
9631:
9625:
9623:
9617:
9616:
9614:
9613:
9606:
9601:
9596:
9590:
9588:
9579:
9575:
9574:
9572:
9571:
9566:
9561:
9556:
9551:
9546:
9541:
9539:Prince regnant
9536:
9535:
9534:
9524:
9519:
9513:
9511:
9507:
9506:
9504:
9503:
9498:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9456:Decolonization
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9427:
9425:
9421:
9420:
9418:
9417:
9412:
9410:Personal union
9407:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9380:Constitutional
9377:
9371:
9369:
9365:
9364:
9362:
9361:
9356:
9351:
9346:
9341:
9335:
9332:
9331:
9324:
9323:
9316:
9309:
9301:
9292:
9291:
9289:
9288:
9283:
9278:
9273:
9268:
9262:
9260:
9256:
9255:
9253:
9252:
9233:United Kingdom
9230:
9220:
9210:
9205:
9200:
9195:
9190:
9180:
9174:
9172:
9168:
9167:
9156:
9155:
9148:
9141:
9133:
9125:
9124:
9094:
9068:
9040:
9018:
8992:
8966:
8940:
8914:
8889:
8855:
8829:
8810:
8792:
8778:
8764:
8751:The Australian
8736:
8709:(3): 136–150.
8693:
8686:
8665:
8650:
8626:
8613:
8606:
8580:
8563:
8539:
8514:
8507:
8487:
8466:
8450:
8425:
8416:
8404:
8382:
8360:
8334:
8301:
8300:
8298:
8295:
8294:
8293:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8273:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8238:
8233:
8226:
8223:
8213:
8212:
8209:
8206:
8199:Khmer Republic
8195:
8192:
8187:
8179:
8178:
8175:
8172:
8154:
8151:
8146:
8138:
8137:
8126:
8115:
8097:
8093:
8092:
8089:
8086:
8080:
8077:
8074:
8066:
8065:
8062:
8059:
8054:
8051:
8048:
8040:
8039:
8036:
8033:
8023:
8020:
8015:
8002:
8001:
7998:
7997:Year restored
7995:
7992:
7989:
7982:
7979:
7976:
7975:
7960:
7957:
7954:
7949:
7941:
7940:
7936:
7935:
7928:
7923:
7918:
7910:
7909:
7902:
7899:
7894:
7889:
7881:
7880:
7863:Died in office
7860:
7857:
7852:
7847:
7839:
7838:
7834:
7833:
7826:
7823:
7820:
7815:
7807:
7806:
7799:
7796:
7791:
7786:
7778:
7777:
7773:
7772:
7741:
7738:
7735:
7730:
7722:
7721:
7718:
7715:
7710:
7705:
7697:
7696:
7692:
7691:
7684:
7679:
7677:Central Africa
7674:
7666:
7665:
7660:
7657:
7652:
7647:
7639:
7638:
7631:
7628:
7625:
7620:
7612:
7611:
7605:
7600:
7595:
7587:
7586:
7583:state of India
7576:
7571:
7566:
7558:
7557:
7550:
7547:
7538:
7533:
7525:
7524:
7517:
7514:
7509:
7501:
7500:
7497:military junta
7486:
7483:
7481:Constantine II
7478:
7473:
7465:
7464:
7459:
7456:
7451:
7446:
7438:
7437:
7426:
7423:
7418:
7410:
7409:
7402:
7399:
7394:
7386:
7385:
7380:pursuant to a
7374:
7369:
7361:
7360:
7333:
7330:
7325:
7317:
7316:
7313:
7308:
7303:
7295:
7294:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7276:
7268:
7267:
7263:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7249:
7248:
7241:
7236:
7231:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7219:
7214:
7209:
7201:
7200:
7194:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7173:
7172:
7169:
7164:
7159:
7156:
7155:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7126:
7125:
7120:
7115:
7112:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7092:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7065:
7062:
7061:
7056:
7051:
7043:
7042:
7040:
7035:
7027:
7026:
7021:
7015:
7007:
7006:
7001:
6996:
6993:
6992:
6990:
6985:
6982:
6981:
6979:
6977:Busi Sheikhdom
6974:
6971:
6970:
6968:
6963:
6960:
6959:
6957:
6952:
6949:
6948:
6946:
6941:
6938:
6937:
6932:
6931:in Hadhramaut
6926:
6918:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6904:
6903:
6898:
6893:
6890:
6889:
6884:
6879:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6872:in Hadhramaut
6867:
6859:
6858:
6853:
6848:
6840:
6839:
6837:
6832:
6829:
6828:
6823:
6818:
6810:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6796:
6795:
6790:
6785:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6771:
6763:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6744:
6743:
6738:
6732:
6724:
6723:
6716:
6713:
6708:
6703:
6695:
6694:
6687:
6684:
6679:
6671:
6670:
6667:
6664:
6659:
6654:
6646:
6645:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6622:
6621:
6614:
6611:
6606:
6598:
6597:
6590:
6585:
6577:
6576:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6558:
6550:
6549:
6546:
6544:Albert Kalonji
6541:
6536:
6528:
6527:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6506:
6505:
6498:
6495:
6492:
6487:
6479:
6478:
6471:
6466:
6461:
6453:
6452:
6447:pursuant to a
6441:
6438:
6433:
6425:
6424:
6419:pursuant to a
6413:
6410:
6405:
6397:
6396:
6393:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6372:
6371:
6367:
6366:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6345:
6344:
6339:
6336:
6331:
6326:
6318:
6317:
6314:United Kingdom
6306:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6285:
6284:
6281:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6260:
6259:
6248:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6227:
6226:
6219:
6216:
6211:
6206:
6198:
6197:
6187:
6184:
6179:
6174:
6166:
6165:
6160:
6155:
6147:
6146:
6139:
6134:
6129:
6121:
6120:
6105:
6102:
6097:
6089:
6088:
6086:
6081:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6066:
6061:
6056:
6048:
6047:
6043:
6042:
6031:Special Region
6019:
6017:Pakubuwono XII
6014:
6009:
6001:
6000:
5997:
5992:
5987:
5979:
5978:
5975:
5970:
5965:
5957:
5956:
5937:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5916:
5915:
5912:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5891:
5890:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5875:
5872:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5853:
5852:
5847:
5842:
5834:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5815:
5814:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5785:
5784:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5757:
5756:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5724:
5723:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5699:
5698:
5695:
5692:
5683:
5678:
5670:
5669:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5639:
5634:
5626:
5625:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5604:
5603:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5574:
5573:
5567:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5546:
5545:
5539:
5533:
5528:
5520:
5519:
5513:
5510:
5505:
5500:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5483:
5478:
5470:
5469:
5462:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5441:
5440:
5429:Hellenic State
5421:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5400:
5399:
5395:
5394:
5383:
5380:
5375:
5370:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5337:
5336:
5329:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5313:
5312:
5309:
5306:
5301:
5296:
5288:
5287:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5259:
5258:
5251:
5246:
5241:
5233:
5232:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5215:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5199:
5196:
5191:
5186:
5178:
5177:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5152:
5151:
5144:
5141:
5136:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5106:
5105:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5077:
5076:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5056:
5055:
5048:
5045:
5040:
5035:
5027:
5026:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5001:
5000:
4997:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4976:
4975:
4968:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4947:
4946:
4940:
4937:
4932:
4930:Ottoman Empire
4927:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4897:
4896:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4871:
4870:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4845:
4844:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4819:
4818:
4811:
4806:
4798:
4790:
4789:
4782:
4779:
4774:
4766:
4758:
4757:
4753:
4752:
4749:Symon Petliura
4745:
4740:
4735:
4727:
4726:
4715:
4710:
4705:
4697:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4678:
4677:
4672:
4667:
4659:
4658:
4648:
4641:
4633:
4632:
4627:
4620:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4603:
4596:
4588:
4587:
4580:
4575:
4567:
4566:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4541:
4540:
4538:Heinrich XXVII
4535:
4530:
4522:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4503:
4502:
4496:
4495:
4493:Günther Victor
4490:
4485:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4458:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4439:
4438:
4433:
4428:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4412:Saxe-Altenburg
4409:
4401:
4400:
4395:
4393:Saxe-Meiningen
4390:
4382:
4381:
4379:Charles Edward
4376:
4371:
4363:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4344:
4343:
4341:Ernst Augustus
4338:
4333:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4306:
4305:
4300:
4295:
4287:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4268:
4267:
4265:William Ernest
4262:
4257:
4249:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4192:
4191:
4186:
4181:
4173:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4154:
4153:
4148:
4140:
4139:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4114:
4113:
4107:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4067:
4066:
4061:
4058:
4053:
4048:
4040:
4039:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4014:
4013:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3985:
3984:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3948:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3930:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3909:
3908:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3883:
3882:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3838:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3817:
3816:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3791:
3790:
3783:
3781:
3776:
3773:
3772:
3761:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3729:through 1945.
3723:
3718:
3713:
3705:
3704:
3699:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3678:
3677:
3673:
3672:
3669:French Comoros
3665:
3662:
3660:
3655:
3647:
3646:
3639:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3618:
3617:
3610:
3607:
3605:Nur Ahmed Aman
3602:
3597:
3594:
3593:
3583:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3566:
3563:French Dahomey
3559:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3524:
3519:
3511:
3510:
3503:
3500:
3495:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3442:
3441:
3430:
3427:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3359:
3356:
3315:abolished its
3300:
3297:
3276:
3275:New monarchies
3273:
3215:United Kingdom
3206:
3203:
3194:
3191:
3122:personal union
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3093:Idris of Libya
3062:
3061:Arab countries
3059:
3057:
3054:
3033:
3030:
2987:Nguyễn dynasty
2966:
2963:
2950:
2947:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2897:
2894:
2841:
2838:
2813:Constantine II
2744:
2741:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2642:Western allies
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2508:
2505:
2479:(Императоръ))
2464:
2463:Russian Empire
2461:
2459:
2456:
2440:Outer Mongolia
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2344:King of Manu'a
2298:
2295:
2253:
2250:
2220:
2217:
2195:(of which the
2139:
2136:
2112:Ranavalona III
2108:Merina Kingdom
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2086:
2025:
2023:
2016:
2007:Main article:
2004:
2001:
1936:Dutch Republic
1879:
1876:
1863:British Canada
1781:
1778:
1773:Main article:
1770:
1767:
1726:(known as the
1708:King Charles I
1699:
1696:
1688:Roman Republic
1683:
1680:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1626:, which since
1581:egalitarianism
1566:decolonisation
1519:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1476:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1417:Egalitarianism
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1393:
1391:Related topics
1390:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1369:
1362:United Kingdom
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1144:Dutch Republic
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1112:
1110:Roman Republic
1106:
1103:
1102:
1099:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1024:
1014:
1004:
994:
984:
974:
964:
953:
950:
949:
946:
945:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
786:
781:
776:
771:
766:
761:
756:
751:
746:
741:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
711:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
651:
646:
641:
636:
631:
626:
621:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
591:
586:
581:
576:
571:
565:
562:
561:
558:
557:
554:
553:
551:Wollstonecraft
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
428:
423:
418:
413:
408:
403:
397:
394:
393:
390:
389:
386:
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
320:
314:
311:
310:
307:
306:
303:
302:
297:
292:
287:
282:
277:
272:
267:
261:
258:
257:
254:
253:
250:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
153:
150:
149:
146:
145:
139:
138:
127:
126:
41:
39:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10927:
10916:
10913:
10912:
10910:
10891:
10888:
10886:
10883:
10881:
10878:
10876:
10873:
10871:
10868:
10866:
10863:
10861:
10858:
10856:
10853:
10851:
10848:
10846:
10843:
10841:
10838:
10836:
10833:
10831:
10827:
10824:
10821:
10820:
10815:
10811:
10808:
10806:
10803:
10801:
10798:
10796:
10793:
10791:
10788:
10785:
10782:
10780:
10777:
10776:
10774:
10770:
10764:
10761:
10759:
10756:
10754:
10751:
10749:
10746:
10744:
10741:
10739:
10736:
10734:
10731:
10729:
10726:
10724:
10721:
10719:
10716:
10714:
10711:
10709:
10706:
10704:
10701:
10699:
10698:Easter Island
10696:
10694:
10691:
10689:
10686:
10685:
10683:
10679:
10673:
10670:
10668:
10665:
10663:
10660:
10658:
10655:
10653:
10650:
10648:
10645:
10643:
10640:
10638:
10635:
10633:
10630:
10628:
10625:
10623:
10620:
10618:
10615:
10613:
10610:
10608:
10605:
10603:
10600:
10598:
10595:
10593:
10590:
10588:
10585:
10583:
10580:
10578:
10575:
10573:
10570:
10568:
10565:
10563:
10560:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10528:
10525:
10523:
10520:
10518:
10515:
10513:
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10480:
10478:
10475:
10473:
10470:
10468:
10465:
10463:
10460:
10458:
10455:
10453:
10450:
10448:
10445:
10443:
10440:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10428:
10425:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10415:
10413:
10410:
10408:
10405:
10403:
10400:
10399:
10397:
10393:
10386:
10385:
10380:
10377:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10330:
10327:
10325:
10324:
10320:
10318:
10315:
10313:
10310:
10308:
10305:
10303:
10300:
10298:
10295:
10293:
10290:
10288:
10285:
10283:
10280:
10278:
10275:
10273:
10270:
10268:
10265:
10263:
10260:
10258:
10255:
10253:
10250:
10248:
10245:
10243:
10240:
10238:
10237:Jabal Shammar
10235:
10233:
10230:
10227:
10223:
10220:
10218:
10217:
10213:
10211:
10208:
10206:
10203:
10201:
10198:
10196:
10193:
10191:
10188:
10186:
10183:
10181:
10178:
10176:
10173:
10171:
10168:
10166:
10163:
10162:
10160:
10156:
10150:
10147:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10096:
10094:
10090:
10084:
10083:
10079:
10077:
10074:
10072:
10069:
10067:
10064:
10062:
10059:
10057:
10054:
10052:
10049:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10024:
10022:
10019:
10017:
10014:
10012:
10009:
10007:
10004:
10002:
9999:
9997:
9994:
9992:
9989:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9952:
9949:
9947:
9944:
9942:
9939:
9937:
9934:
9932:
9929:
9927:
9924:
9922:
9919:
9917:
9914:
9912:
9909:
9908:
9906:
9902:
9899:
9897:
9893:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9858:
9855:
9853:
9850:
9846:
9843:
9841:
9838:
9837:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9806:
9803:
9801:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9793:
9789:
9783:
9780:
9779:
9777:
9775:
9771:
9765:
9762:
9760:
9757:
9755:
9752:
9750:
9747:
9745:
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3728:
3727:Japanese rule
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3410:
3406:
3403:
3401:Last monarch
3396:
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3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3334:in 2012, and
3333:
3328:
3326:
3322:
3319:and became a
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3296:
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3290:
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3258:
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3202:
3200:
3190:
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3180:
3175:
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3169:
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3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3094:
3090:
3086:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3066:
3053:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3018:military coup
3015:
3011:
3010:South Vietnam
3007:
3002:
3000:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2976:
2972:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2946:
2944:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2902:assassination
2893:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2825:fait accompli
2822:
2821:military coup
2818:
2814:
2809:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2737:
2733:
2721:Republicanism
2718:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2603:
2602:March on Rome
2588:
2586:
2582:
2581:German Empire
2578:
2574:
2570:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2511:The defeated
2504:
2502:
2498:
2497:Baltic States
2494:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2470:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2436:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
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2387:
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2375:
2371:
2351:
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2345:
2341:
2336:
2335:
2331:
2329:
2324:
2323:
2319:
2317:
2313:
2309:
2308:Liliʻuokalani
2304:
2303:
2294:
2292:
2287:
2286:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2258:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2242:Mughal Empire
2238:
2237:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2225:
2216:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2122:In 1629, the
2120:
2119:
2115:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2083:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043: –
2042:
2038:
2037:Find sources:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1998:
1997:1871 election
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1962:July Monarchy
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1942:
1941:Ancien Régime
1937:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1919:, painted by
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1889:
1885:
1875:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1839:United States
1832:
1828:
1824:
1821:, painted by
1820:
1819:
1818:Yankee Doodle
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1787:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1740:
1735:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1674:
1662:Ancient world
1659:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1602:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1577:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1544:
1540:
1537:in favour of
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1477:
1470:
1467:
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1460:
1457:
1455:
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1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1423:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1380:
1379:United States
1377:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1348:
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1310:
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1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1283:
1282:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1254:Metapolitefsi
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
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1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
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1155:
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1150:
1147:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1100:
1090:
1089:
1088:On Revolution
1085:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1058:Rights of Man
1055:
1050:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1005:
1000:
999:
995:
990:
989:
985:
980:
979:
975:
970:
969:
968:De re publica
965:
960:
959:
955:
954:
948:
947:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
777:
775:
774:Jones (Lynne)
772:
770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
712:
710:
707:
705:
702:
700:
697:
695:
692:
690:
687:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
590:
587:
585:
582:
580:
577:
575:
572:
570:
569:Adams (Gerry)
567:
566:
560:
559:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
467:
464:
462:
459:
457:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
434:
432:
429:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
398:
392:
391:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
368:Revolutionary
366:
364:
361:
359:
358:Parliamentary
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
315:
309:
308:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
262:
256:
255:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
167:Civil society
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
154:
148:
147:
144:
143:Republicanism
141:
140:
137:
133:
132:
123:
120:
112:
101:
98:
94:
91:
87:
84:
80:
77:
73:
70: –
69:
65:
64:Find sources:
58:
54:
48:
47:
42:This article
40:
36:
31:
30:
27:
19:
10875:South Africa
10870:Sierra Leone
10817:
10647:Two Sicilies
10582:Papal States
10382:
10321:
10214:
10080:
9895:
9840:Cook Islands
9693:
9679:Saudi Arabia
9608:
9435:
9286:Our Republic
9115:. Retrieved
9111:the original
9097:
9085:. Retrieved
9080:
9071:
9059:. Retrieved
9052:
9043:
9031:. Retrieved
9021:
9009:. Retrieved
9004:
8995:
8983:. Retrieved
8978:
8969:
8957:. Retrieved
8955:. 6 May 2023
8952:
8943:
8931:. Retrieved
8926:
8917:
8905:. Retrieved
8902:en.people.cn
8901:
8892:
8880:. Retrieved
8869:The Guardian
8868:
8858:
8846:. Retrieved
8842:
8832:
8823:
8813:
8804:
8795:
8781:
8767:
8755:. Retrieved
8749:
8739:
8706:
8702:
8696:
8677:
8674:Steve Vizard
8668:
8659:
8653:
8641:. Retrieved
8637:
8629:
8616:
8591:
8583:
8575:
8568:. Retrieved
8553:
8542:
8530:. Retrieved
8526:
8517:
8497:
8490:
8478:. Retrieved
8469:
8453:
8441:. Retrieved
8437:
8428:
8419:
8412:
8407:
8395:. Retrieved
8385:
8373:. Retrieved
8363:
8351:. Retrieved
8349:. 9 May 2018
8347:The Guardian
8346:
8337:
8325:. Retrieved
8316:
8305:
8216:
8057:Commonwealth
7964:its monarchy
7874:
7870:
7830:its monarchy
7757:Elizabeth II
7745:its monarchy
7635:its monarchy
7521:its monarchy
7430:its monarchy
7406:its monarchy
7397:Sierra Leone
7378:its monarchy
7291:its monarchy
7148:Milton Obote
7142:Gasiyonga II
6691:its monarchy
6669:coup d'état
6618:its monarchy
6594:its monarchy
6573:its monarchy
6526:coup d'état
6502:its monarchy
6445:its monarchy
6436:South Africa
6417:its monarchy
6252:its monarchy
6243:Elizabeth II
6109:its monarchy
6084:Kotawaringin
6039:Central Java
5778:White Rajahs
5535:
5304:Alfonso XIII
5255:Saudi Arabia
4972:Kenya Colony
4803:(Uzbekistan)
4771:(Uzbekistan)
4693:
4650:
4643:
4630:Mindaugas II
4622:
4598:
4398:Bernhard III
4246:Frederick II
4227:Ernest Louis
3361:
3329:
3302:
3299:21st century
3291:(1932), and
3289:Saudi Arabia
3278:
3267:following a
3254:
3239:
3221:with direct
3219:Company rule
3208:
3196:
3179:Elizabeth II
3176:
3164:Commonwealth
3161:
3130:
3115:
3067:
3064:
3056:Dictatorship
3035:
3003:
2998:
2990:
2968:
2952:
2924:
2899:
2865:
2843:
2824:
2810:
2798:White Terror
2791:
2773:
2746:
2729:
2662:puppet state
2658:Ante Pavelić
2646:Soviet Union
2599:
2573:protectorate
2561:Finnish King
2510:
2466:
2437:
2415:The area of
2414:
2386:Qing dynasty
2367:
2354:20th century
2337:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2321:
2320:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2288:
2284:
2283:
2260:
2256:
2255:
2240:In 1858 the
2239:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2173:Napoleon III
2146:
2142:
2141:
2132:Mambo Chioko
2121:
2117:
2116:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2092:19th century
2077:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2036:
2031:adding to it
2026:
1966:
1939:
1933:
1914:
1836:
1816:
1812:
1761:enacted the
1736:
1701:
1685:
1676:
1609:
1578:
1551:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1451:
1086:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1046:
1036:
1026:
1016:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
769:Jones (Elin)
674:Flynn (Paul)
634:Clarke (Tom)
629:Clark (Katy)
574:Adams (John)
395:Philosophers
172:Civic virtue
156:
134:Part of the
115:
106:
96:
89:
82:
75:
63:
51:Please help
46:verification
43:
26:
10814:British Raj
10786:(Sri Lanka)
10672:Württemberg
10384:South Yemen
10272:Maguindanao
10165:Afghanistan
9926:Barotseland
9862:Saint Lucia
9835:New Zealand
9744:Netherlands
9517:Chhatrapati
9501:Sovereignty
9441:Aristocracy
9208:New Zealand
9117:16 November
9061:2 September
9054:RNZ Pacific
9011:3 September
8985:3 September
8596:. Chicago:
8570:24 February
8532:16 November
8480:16 November
8443:16 November
8411:Aristotle,
8217:Many other
7462:coup d'état
7449:Afghanistan
7225:coup d'état
6539:South Kasai
6342:coup d'état
6021:During the
5508:Christian X
5486:Tomislav II
5433:Third Reich
5282:, in which
5270:Maqsud Shah
5189:Afghanistan
4184:Württemberg
4056:Nicholas II
3971:Split into
3802:Riau-Lingga
3425:Askia Malla
3352:Charles III
3242:partitioned
3233:, known as
2991:Quốc Trưởng
2983:Ho Chi Minh
2931:coup d'état
2921:Afghanistan
2793:Dekemvriana
2774:During the
2670:Axis powers
2559:(to have a
2481:Nicholas II
2394:Yuan Shikai
2392:. In 1915,
2378:Sun Yat-sen
2359:Nationalism
2157:the emperor
2124:Mwenemutapa
1706:, in 1649,
1562:coup d'état
1531:monarchical
1402:Common good
1342:New Zealand
1337:Netherlands
1082:(1835–1840)
1052:(1787–1788)
962:(c. 375 BC)
884:Robespierre
659:Etherington
594:Benn (Tony)
563:Politicians
541:Tocqueville
501:Montesquieu
481:Machiavelli
227:Rule of law
222:Res publica
10880:Tanganyika
10795:The Gambia
10723:Niuē-Fekai
10662:Yugoslavia
10562:Montenegro
10369:Upper Yafa
10364:Upper Asir
10001:Madagascar
9734:Luxembourg
9466:Government
9431:Abdication
9400:Hereditary
9328:Monarchies
8959:11 October
8933:11 October
8757:6 November
8397:12 January
8375:12 January
8353:12 January
8327:12 January
8297:References
8161:annexation
7962:Abolished
7828:Abolished
7743:Abolished
7708:Rwenzururu
7633:Abolished
7609:Pathet Lao
7579:Referendum
7519:Abolished
7489:Referendum
7428:Abolished
7404:Abolished
7382:referendum
7376:Abolished
7372:The Gambia
7335:Abolished
7289:Abolished
7197:Referendum
6689:Abolished
6616:Abolished
6592:Abolished
6571:Abolished
6500:Abolished
6490:Tanganyika
6475:referendum
6449:referendum
6443:Abolished
6421:referendum
6415:Abolished
6301:Prempeh II
6250:Abolished
6107:Abolished
6104:George VI
5884:1947–1974
5745:Referendum
5720:Referendum
5715:Umberto II
5557:Yugoslavia
5531:Montenegro
5516:Referendum
5324:Abba Jofir
5276:Jin Shuren
5062:Mohammerah
5021:Communist
4882:Upper Asir
4841:Bolsheviks
4653:(ruled by
4455:Leopold IV
4189:William II
4170:Ludwig III
4130:Wilhelm II
4110:Referendum
4102:Nicholas I
4097:Montenegro
3600:Habr Yunis
3554:Agoli-agbo
3383:, lost by
3364:referendum
3325:Parliament
3269:referendum
3223:Crown rule
3205:South Asia
2788:Venizelist
2715:Umberto II
2705:after the
2577:suzerainty
2571:), with a
2525:Wilhelm II
2501:Bolsheviks
2469:revolution
2435:in India.
2427:until the
2236:South Asia
2230:Thibaw Min
2102:Madagascar
2080:April 2023
2052:newspapers
1993:Monarchism
1872:presidency
1855:George III
1612:republican
1558:revolution
1554:abdication
1547:monarchism
1442:Monarchism
1432:Liberalism
1427:Jacobinism
1117:Gaṇasaṅgha
972:(54–51 BC)
456:Harrington
333:Democratic
323:Capitalist
318:Autonomous
300:Venizelism
285:Khomeinism
109:April 2023
79:newspapers
10850:Mauritius
10743:Rarotonga
10728:Nuku Hiva
10718:Mangareva
10693:Bora Bora
10572:Neuchâtel
10542:Lithuania
10447:Catalonia
10334:Sri Lanka
10287:Manchukuo
10262:Kurdistan
10216:Indonesia
10139:Talamanca
10099:Araucanía
10082:and other
10061:Wassoulou
9805:Australia
9481:Oligarchy
9183:Australia
9033:1 October
8877:0261-3077
8731:153786108
8723:1045-5736
8438:study.com
8050:Scotland
7897:Gyanendra
7876:tamaʻāiga
7818:Mauritius
7682:Bokassa I
6334:Faisal II
6132:Jaisalmer
6059:Pontianak
5932:George VI
5907:Michael I
5740:Simeon II
5585:Manchukuo
5468:in 1943.
5416:George II
5117:Kurdistan
5098:Conquered
5043:William I
5017:Bogd Khan
4992:George II
4945:in 1922.
4935:Mehmed VI
4624:Lithuania
4557:Charles I
4436:Friedrich
4336:Brunswick
4317:Oldenburg
4001:Ali Dinar
3694:Manuel II
3479:Nuku Hiva
3458:Tamaeva V
3311:in 2008.
3213:from the
3183:the Crown
3174:in 2021.
3124:with the
3103:in 1969.
3082:Faisal II
3006:Indochina
2979:Việt Minh
2965:Indochina
2939:Musahiban
2910:Manuel II
2666:Mussolini
2565:Lithuania
2533:Mehmed VI
2529:Charles I
2477:Imperator
2410:Manchukuo
2402:Zhang Xun
1964:in 1830.
1859:loyalists
1843:stamp tax
1620:Australia
1583:and anti-
1574:republics
1297:Australia
929:Venizelos
919:Spadolini
909:Slaughter
854:McDonnell
819:Mackenzie
764:Jefferson
719:Griffiths
699:de Gaulle
694:Garibaldi
654:Drakeford
546:Warburton
466:Jefferson
461:Honderich
441:Condorcet
328:Christian
290:Nasserism
265:Classical
182:Democracy
10909:Category
10865:Rhodesia
10860:Pakistan
10779:Barbados
10748:Rimatara
10738:Rapa Iti
10667:Valencia
10642:Tavolara
10632:Scotland
10597:Portugal
10557:Moldavia
10442:Bulgaria
10437:Brittany
10412:Asturias
10292:Mongolia
10282:Maldives
10144:Trinidad
10134:Suriname
10092:Americas
10076:Zimbabwe
10071:Zanzibar
10056:Wituland
10031:Ngazidja
10026:Ndzuwani
9961:Ethiopia
9684:Thailand
9664:Malaysia
9644:Cambodia
9594:Eswatini
9390:Elective
9375:Absolute
9241:Scotland
9081:BBC News
8953:BBC News
8927:BBC News
8676:(1998).
8643:11 March
8321:Archived
8225:See also
8190:Cambodia
8169:Gulf War
8134:De facto
8123:De facto
8104:restored
7988:Country
7952:Barbados
7536:Ethiopia
7357:Zimbabwe
7328:Rhodesia
7306:Cambodia
7184:Maldives
6633:Zanzibar
6469:Kigeli V
6238:Pakistan
5735:Bulgaria
5562:Peter II
5389:, after
5012:Mongolia
4958:Wituland
4861:Faisal I
4769:Bukhara
4474:Adolf II
4417:Ernst II
4030:Hongxian
3979:and the
3872:Ndzuwani
3833:Xuantong
3689:Portugal
3535:Aceh War
3453:Rimatara
3398:Country
3340:Al Islah
3336:Cambodia
3332:Malaysia
3321:republic
3317:monarchy
3313:Barbados
3295:(1957).
3293:Malaysia
3287:(1921),
3283:(1907),
3250:Pakistan
3172:Barbados
3147:in 1937
3072:of King
2999:Hoàng Đế
2953:Emperor
2949:Ethiopia
2906:Carlos I
2904:of King
2896:Portugal
2858:monarchy
2755:and the
2644:and the
2622:Bulgaria
2610:King Zog
2328:Pōmare V
2316:republic
2205:Pedro II
2138:Americas
2118:Zimbabwe
1954:Napoleon
1928:Marianne
1780:American
1755:Scotland
1749:and the
1648:Cambodia
1644:Gulf War
1634:but the
1541:under a
1367:Scotland
1307:Barbados
958:Republic
874:Prescott
844:Naysmith
834:McKechin
794:La Malfa
789:Khomeini
749:Iorwerth
714:Griffith
689:Gambetta
684:Galloway
669:Ferguson
649:Davidson
644:Cromwell
639:Connolly
619:Campbell
536:Sunstein
521:Rousseau
516:Polybius
451:Franklin
431:Chappell
426:Cattaneo
363:People's
348:Imperial
280:Kemalism
217:Republic
151:Concepts
10855:Nigeria
10830:Ireland
10758:Tahuata
10733:Raiatea
10713:Huahine
10688:Abemama
10681:Oceania
10652:Tuscany
10607:Romania
10602:Prussia
10567:Navarre
10547:Majorca
10527:Ireland
10522:Imereti
10517:Iceland
10512:Hungary
10507:Hanover
10502:Granada
10492:Germany
10487:Georgia
10482:Galicia
10472:Finland
10462:Corsica
10457:Cilicia
10427:Bavaria
10417:Austria
10402:Albania
10374:Vietnam
10317:Sarawak
10307:Qu'aiti
10242:Kathiri
10205:Dapitan
10180:Bukhara
10129:Miskito
10051:Tunisia
10041:Shilluk
9951:Dahomey
9941:Burundi
9931:Bagirmi
9911:Adamawa
9830:Jamaica
9825:Grenada
9810:Bahamas
9774:Oceania
9724:Denmark
9719:Belgium
9714:Andorra
9629:Bahrain
9604:Morocco
9599:Lesotho
9578:Current
9569:Pharaoh
9522:Emperor
9461:Dynasty
9415:Regency
9395:Federal
9385:Diarchy
9339:Monarch
9237:England
9203:Jamaica
9193:Bahamas
9087:21 July
9005:Monitor
8979:Monitor
8824:Reuters
8129:De jure
8125:: 1975
8118:De jure
8108:de jure
8018:England
7871:de jure
7763:by the
7217:Idris I
7018:Kathiri
6735:Qu'aiti
6662:Ntare V
6657:Burundi
6561:Nigeria
6296:Ashanti
6271:Tunisia
6214:Fuad II
6192:by the
6190:Annexed
6027:Sukarno
5927:Ireland
5902:Romania
5864:Serdang
5845:Langkat
5768:Sarawak
5681:Hungary
5664:Janos I
5642:Bảo Đại
5637:Vietnam
5503:Iceland
5481:Croatia
5452:Albania
5373:Albania
5284:Yulbars
5100:by the
5038:Albania
4738:Ukraine
4721:, then
4713:Peter I
4600:Finland
4578:Hungary
4552:Austria
4165:Bavaria
4151:Prussia
4125:Germany
4078:Finland
3779:Kasanje
3765:British
3737:Angoche
3721:Sunjong
3587:British
3549:Dahomey
3420:Songhai
3199:Sunjong
3099:led by
3078:Fuad II
2981:led by
2975:Bảo Đại
2933:led by
2747:In the
2703:his son
2634:Germany
2630:Romania
2626:Hungary
2563:), and
2555:), the
2521:Ottoman
2376:led by
2310:of the
2297:Pacific
2271:Tuscany
2066:scholar
2003:Haitian
1737:In the
1650:from a
1593:dynasty
1589:Romania
1332:Morocco
1322:Jamaica
1317:Ireland
1302:Bahamas
1104:History
924:Taverne
899:Skinner
879:Ritchie
824:Madison
804:Lincoln
754:Jackson
744:Huppert
739:Hopkins
664:Fabiani
624:Chapman
609:Bolívar
599:Bennett
589:Bartley
579:Atatürk
491:Mazzini
486:Madison
416:Bentham
406:Baggini
373:Secular
353:Islamic
338:Federal
275:Federal
259:Schools
93:scholar
10890:Uganda
10840:Malawi
10805:Guyana
10784:Ceylon
10763:Tahiti
10753:Rurutu
10708:Hawaii
10637:Serbia
10622:Saxony
10612:Russia
10497:Greece
10477:France
10467:Cyprus
10452:Crimea
10432:Bosnia
10407:Aragon
10395:Europe
10359:Taiwan
10329:Sikkim
10312:Ryukyu
10297:Najran
10195:Chehab
10175:Bengal
10124:Mexico
10109:Brazil
10036:Rwanda
10016:Maravi
9916:Ankole
9904:Africa
9896:Former
9877:Tuvalu
9820:Canada
9815:Belize
9759:Sweden
9749:Norway
9739:Monaco
9706:Europe
9659:Kuwait
9654:Jordan
9639:Brunei
9634:Bhutan
9586:Africa
9559:Sultan
9510:Titles
9424:Topics
9223:Tuvalu
9198:Canada
8907:4 July
8882:4 July
8875:
8848:4 July
8729:
8721:
8684:
8604:
8561:
8505:
8461:
8149:Kuwait
8120:: 1947
8076:Spain
7994:Notes
7939:2020s
7837:2000s
7789:Kuwait
7776:1990s
7695:1980s
7569:Sikkim
7476:Greece
7421:Ceylon
7279:Guyana
7266:1970s
7234:Saloum
7162:Tidore
7137:Ankole
6682:Malawi
6588:Uganda
6464:Rwanda
6370:1960s
6158:Mysore
6046:1950s
5826:Asahan
5690:Regent
5590:Kangde
5536:Vacant
5437:Allies
5411:Greece
5398:1940s
5348:Najran
5218:Baidah
5210:1930s
5134:Orungu
5073:Persia
4987:Greece
4801:Khiva
4756:1920s
4708:Serbia
4694:Vacant
4651:Vacant
4645:Poland
4584:regent
4355:Anhalt
4203:Saxony
4051:Russia
3996:Darfur
3940:Mbunda
3905:Greece
3676:1910s
3498:Firisa
3434:French
3412:1900s
3407:Notes
3381:Leka I
3285:Jordan
3281:Bhutan
3261:Sikkim
3074:Farouk
2880:, the
2862:regent
2743:Greece
2660:and a
2656:under
2640:, the
2575:-like
2549:Poland
2513:German
2446:. The
2340:Manu'a
2334:Manu'a
2322:Tahiti
2302:Hawaii
2267:Modena
2252:Europe
2187:Brazil
2175:, the
2171:under
2155:until
2143:Mexico
2097:Africa
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2039:
1948:. The
1904:, and
1878:French
1867:States
1802:, and
1757:, the
1741:, the
1654:to an
1640:Kuwait
1570:Europe
1564:, and
1357:Sweden
1347:Norway
1312:Canada
1092:(1963)
1072:(1794)
1062:(1791)
1042:(1762)
1032:(1755)
1022:(1748)
1012:(1698)
1002:(1656)
992:(1649)
982:(1531)
934:Wilson
904:Slater
894:Skates
849:Mannin
839:Mullin
814:Mackay
779:Juárez
734:Hébert
729:Hatton
724:Harvie
614:Burgon
531:Sidney
526:Sandel
511:Pettit
436:Cicero
401:Arendt
383:Soviet
378:Sister
270:Modern
95:
88:
81:
74:
66:
10845:Malta
10835:Kenya
10810:India
10800:Ghana
10627:Savoy
10617:Samos
10532:Italy
10379:Yemen
10354:Tibet
10349:Syria
10302:Nepal
10277:Mahra
10257:Kumul
10252:Korea
10247:Khiva
10226:Qajar
10210:Hejaz
10200:China
10185:Burma
10114:Haiti
10104:Aztec
10021:Mwali
10011:Maore
9991:Libya
9986:Kongo
9981:Kaffa
9976:Gumma
9971:Gomma
9966:Ghana
9956:Egypt
9936:Bornu
9921:Aussa
9782:Tonga
9754:Spain
9674:Qatar
9649:Japan
9245:Wales
9171:Realm
8727:S2CID
8208:1993
8194:1970
8174:1991
8153:1990
8136:: 44
8096:1931
8088:1874
8079:1873
8061:1660
8053:1652
8035:1660
8022:1649
7959:2021
7901:2008
7892:Nepal
7859:2007
7850:Samoa
7825:1992
7798:1990
7740:1987
7717:1982
7659:1979
7630:1976
7549:1975
7512:Malta
7485:1974
7458:1973
7425:1972
7401:1971
7286:1970
7221:1969
7212:Libya
7193:1968
6715:1967
6666:1966
6613:1964
6609:Kenya
6568:1963
6517:Yemen
6497:1962
6440:1961
6408:Ghana
6392:1960
6383:Buton
6338:1958
6310:Ghana
6305:1957
6280:1957
6247:1956
6218:1953
6209:Egypt
6186:1951
6177:Tibet
6100:India
6068:1950
5936:1949
5911:1947
5710:Italy
5694:1946
5659:Gypsy
5566:1945
5512:1944
5461:1943
5420:1941
5382:1939
5378:Zog I
5357:1934
5328:1932
5319:Jimma
5308:1931
5299:Spain
5265:Kumul
5224:1930
5198:1929
5163:Hobyo
5143:1927
5088:Hejaz
5047:1925
4996:1924
4967:1923
4939:1922
4917:1921
4856:Syria
4781:1920
4450:Lippe
4241:Baden
4222:Hesse
4106:1918
4060:1917
4025:China
4005:1916
3968:1915
3929:1914
3920:Kongo
3894:Samos
3855:Wadai
3837:1912
3828:China
3813:Dutch
3760:1911
3716:Korea
3698:1910
3664:1909
3658:Mwali
3638:1908
3609:1907
3582:1905
3558:1904
3531:1903
3502:1902
3493:Gumma
3429:1901
3404:Year
3362:In a
3265:India
3246:India
3193:Korea
3143:that
2840:Spain
2730:In a
2618:Italy
2417:Tibet
2364:China
2285:Spain
2263:Parma
2257:Italy
2224:Burma
2073:JSTOR
2059:books
1616:Spain
1585:class
1372:Wales
1352:Spain
1327:Japan
914:Smith
889:Sayed
869:Pound
864:Nehru
859:Nandy
829:Magid
809:Lucas
799:Lewis
709:Grévy
704:Greer
604:Black
584:Azaña
506:Paine
476:Locke
446:Crick
421:Bodin
411:Bello
312:Types
100:JSTOR
86:books
10790:Fiji
10344:Sulu
10323:Shan
10267:Laos
10232:Iraq
10222:Iran
10190:Cebu
10170:Asir
10158:Asia
10119:Inca
10066:Yeke
10006:Mali
9996:Luba
9845:Niue
9695:list
9669:Oman
9621:Asia
9610:list
9564:Shah
9554:Tsar
9549:khan
9544:Raja
9527:King
9368:Type
9119:2022
9089:2011
9063:2024
9035:2021
9013:2024
8987:2024
8961:2023
8935:2023
8909:2023
8884:2023
8873:ISSN
8850:2023
8759:2009
8719:ISSN
8682:ISBN
8645:2021
8602:ISBN
8572:2017
8559:ISBN
8534:2022
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