37:
258:
514:
242:
By 1768, over half of the
Abipones had succumbed to disease and they numbered not more than 5,000. The expulsion of the Jesuits by the Spaniards in that year was fatal for the Abipones. When they attempted to resume their former lifestyles, they found their traditional lands occupied by settlers and
195:
Before the introduction of the horse in the region, they subsisted by hunting, fishing, food gathering and only a limited amount of agriculture. With the horse, came a change in the regional and in particular the Abipon's way of surviving. They shifted away from agriculture and towards hunting from
307:
reported that "With the
Abipones when a man chooses a wife, he bargains with the parents about the price. But it frequently happens that the girl rescinds what has been agreed upon between the parents and bridegroom, obstinately rejecting the very mention of marriage. She often runs away and hides
243:
other indigenous nations. The Tobas and Mocovís, aided by disease, destroyed them as a nation in the course of less than half a century. The survivors assimilated into the general
Argentinian population. They learned to speak
235:, who had been a missionary in Paraguay for eighteen years), and they had been largely Christianized and turned sedentary. The colonies had incessant trouble with Spanish settlers, and were often raided by the Tobas and the
297:. In battle, they wore an armour fashioned out of a tapir's hide, over which a jaguar's skin was sewn. Even Abipón women were reputedly aggressive and held considerable power in their people's religious rites.
165:
By 1641, the
Abipones had already obtained the horse from the Spanish settlers and abandoned farming for cattle and horse raiding. By that time they still lived north of the
595:
274:
According to Martin
Dobrizhoffer, who lived among them for a period of seven years, the Abipones were a group of tall, well-formed, handsome people, with black eyes,
1274:
588:
300:
The
Abipones were good swimmers and horsemen. During the five-month-long flood season, they lived on islands or even in shelters built in the trees.
303:
They shared most of the customs of the
Guaycurú, including the couvade. They seldom married before the age of thirty, and were singularly chaste.
146:. They ceased to exist as an independent ethnic group in the early 19th century. A small number of survivors assimilated into Argentine society.
1269:
278:
and thick black hair, which they plucked out from the forehead to the crown as a tribal mark. The faces, breasts and arms of the women were
581:
285:
The men were brave fighters, their chief weapons being the bow and arrow, the spear and the club –all of which were carved out of a local
534:
529:
781:
640:
1259:
1091:
875:
895:
282:
with black figures of various designs according to their age and social status, and the lips and ears of both sexes were pierced.
1264:
1086:
801:
361:
890:
561:
409:
1142:
930:
176:
It is likely they were driven south of their original range by the
Spaniards and other native tribes, such as the
162:. They were originally a seasonally mobile people of hunters, gatherers, fishers and to a limited extent farmers.
662:
1230:
910:
227:
From 1710, a major military effort by the
Spanish began gradually to impose authority on the Abipones. By 1750
312:
was common, never more than two children being reared in one family. The young were suckled for two years.
185:
1121:
604:
352:. Vol. I: A-ak Bayes (15th ed.). Chicago, Illinois: Encyclopædia Britannica Inc. pp.
645:
189:
925:
816:
771:
635:
353:
344:
1111:
1042:
1003:
821:
806:
450:
519:
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
1152:
1106:
1013:
972:
885:
870:
796:
786:
143:
8:
1096:
1032:
962:
957:
880:
848:
811:
776:
232:
489:
1189:
1184:
1159:
1116:
1008:
982:
900:
865:
860:
791:
745:
398:
573:
251:
62:
20:
1206:
1068:
1057:
1037:
853:
630:
557:
405:
357:
181:
131:
715:
690:
1147:
1101:
1052:
987:
977:
967:
835:
750:
720:
444:
400:
Peoples, Nations and
Cultures: An A-Z of the Peoples of the World, Past and Present
244:
117:
103:
670:
36:
1211:
1201:
843:
622:
675:
740:
735:
549:
304:
275:
257:
216:. The horses also lead them to raid the Spanish ranches and even the cities of
170:
1253:
695:
525:
520:
166:
159:
180:. They were finally concentrated in the Argentinian territory lying between
700:
177:
83:
99:
730:
725:
309:
262:
201:
95:
614:
221:
139:
680:
538:. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 65.
155:
135:
79:
710:
236:
1194:
685:
286:
217:
755:
705:
213:
205:
75:
1137:
443:
279:
228:
197:
294:
209:
603:
231:
missions had been established among them (chiefly by
396:
Mackenzie, John; Haywood, John; Hall, Simon (2005).
395:
458:
154:The Abipones originally occupied the Gran Chaco of
397:
343:
1251:
188:, between the Rio Bermejo on the north and the
169:They became feared by their neighbours and the
589:
254:is believed to have died in the 19th century.
125:
487:
173:farmers, and even threatened major cities.
1275:Extinct Indigenous peoples of the Americas
596:
582:
441:
308:herself, and thus eludes the bridegroom."
35:
269:
524:
507:
505:
464:
256:
341:
1252:
548:
483:
481:
479:
477:
475:
473:
437:
435:
433:
431:
429:
427:
425:
423:
421:
577:
502:
391:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
379:
377:
375:
373:
1270:Indigenous peoples of the Gran Chaco
454:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
337:
335:
333:
331:
329:
327:
325:
605:Ancestry and ethnicity in Argentina
542:
470:
418:
247:, and abandoned their old customs.
13:
370:
14:
1286:
1231:European immigration to Argentina
442:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913).
322:
512:
1260:Indigenous peoples in Argentina
158:, in the lower portions of the
142:region, speakers of one of the
1265:Indigenous peoples in Paraguay
342:Hoiberg, Dale H., ed. (2010).
52:Considered extinct as a people
1:
488:Dobrizhoffer, Martin (1784).
315:
239:, hostile Guaycuru peoples.
7:
10:
1291:
496:An Account of the Abipones
149:
18:
1223:
1171:
1130:
1079:
1022:
996:
950:
939:
918:
909:
834:
764:
661:
654:
621:
611:
498:] (in Latin). Vienna.
94:
89:
74:
69:
61:
56:
51:
46:
34:
613:Ancestral background of
250:The last speaker of the
535:Encyclopædia Britannica
350:Encyclopædia Britannica
491:Historia de Abiponibus
289:tree known to them as
270:Appearance and customs
266:
126:
121:
19:For the language, see
451:Catholic Encyclopedia
260:
90:Related ethnic groups
919:By religious beliefs
556:. Penguin Classics.
144:Guaicuruan languages
233:Martin Dobrizhoffer
186:Santiago del Estero
31:
615:Argentine citizens
554:The Descent of Man
267:
29:
1247:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1239:
1238:
830:
829:
363:978-1-59339-837-8
293:, as well as the
132:indigenous people
110:
109:
1282:
948:
947:
916:
915:
659:
658:
598:
591:
584:
575:
574:
568:
567:
546:
540:
539:
518:
516:
515:
509:
500:
499:
485:
468:
462:
456:
455:
447:
445:"Abipones"
439:
416:
415:
403:
393:
368:
367:
347:
339:
263:facial tattooing
196:horseback, wild
129:
102:, Mocoví, other
47:Total population
39:
32:
28:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1250:
1249:
1248:
1235:
1219:
1167:
1126:
1075:
1018:
992:
944:
942:
935:
905:
826:
760:
650:
617:
607:
602:
572:
571:
564:
550:Darwin, Charles
547:
543:
528:, ed. (1911). "
513:
511:
510:
503:
486:
471:
463:
459:
440:
419:
412:
404:. UK: Cassell.
394:
371:
364:
340:
323:
318:
272:
252:Abipón language
152:
42:
41:Abipón warriors
27:
24:
21:Abipón language
17:
12:
11:
5:
1288:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1179:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1083:
1081:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1072:
1071:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1055:
1047:
1046:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1000:
998:
994:
993:
991:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
954:
952:
945:
940:
937:
936:
934:
933:
928:
922:
920:
913:
907:
906:
904:
903:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
857:
856:
851:
840:
838:
832:
831:
828:
827:
825:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
768:
766:
765:Non Indigenous
762:
761:
759:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
667:
665:
656:
652:
651:
649:
648:
643:
638:
633:
627:
625:
619:
618:
612:
609:
608:
601:
600:
593:
586:
578:
570:
569:
563:978-0140436310
562:
541:
526:Chisholm, Hugh
501:
469:
457:
417:
411:978-0304365500
410:
369:
362:
320:
319:
317:
314:
305:Charles Darwin
276:aquiline noses
271:
268:
192:on the south.
151:
148:
108:
107:
92:
91:
87:
86:
72:
71:
67:
66:
59:
58:
54:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
40:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1287:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1257:
1255:
1232:
1229:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1216:Luxembourgian
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1078:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1048:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1030:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1001:
999:
995:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
955:
953:
949:
946:
938:
932:
929:
927:
924:
923:
921:
917:
914:
912:
908:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
855:
852:
850:
847:
846:
845:
842:
841:
839:
837:
833:
823:
820:
818:
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
769:
767:
763:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
668:
666:
664:
660:
657:
653:
647:
646:South African
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
624:
620:
616:
610:
606:
599:
594:
592:
587:
585:
580:
579:
576:
565:
559:
555:
551:
545:
537:
536:
531:
527:
522:
521:public domain
508:
506:
497:
493:
492:
484:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
466:
465:Chisholm 1911
461:
453:
452:
446:
438:
436:
434:
432:
430:
428:
426:
424:
422:
413:
407:
402:
401:
392:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
380:
378:
376:
374:
365:
359:
355:
351:
346:
338:
336:
334:
332:
330:
328:
326:
321:
313:
311:
306:
301:
298:
296:
292:
288:
283:
281:
277:
264:
259:
255:
253:
248:
246:
240:
238:
234:
230:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
174:
172:
168:
167:Bermejo River
163:
161:
160:Bermejo River
157:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
128:
123:
119:
115:
105:
101:
97:
93:
88:
85:
81:
77:
73:
68:
64:
60:
55:
50:
45:
38:
33:
22:
891:Roma (Gypsy)
636:Cape Verdean
553:
544:
533:
495:
490:
460:
449:
399:
349:
302:
299:
290:
284:
273:
249:
241:
226:
194:
190:Salado River
175:
164:
153:
113:
111:
84:Christianity
26:Ethnic group
16:Ethnic group
1112:Montenegrin
943:and country
310:Infanticide
124:, singular
1254:Categories
1153:Portuguese
1107:Macedonian
1043:Lithuanian
1004:Belarusian
822:Venezuelan
807:Paraguayan
663:Indigenous
641:Senegalese
316:References
295:boleadoras
222:Corrientes
140:Gran Chaco
130:) were an
1092:Bulgarian
1080:Southeast
1065:Norwegian
1062:Icelandic
1014:Ukrainian
973:Hungarian
941:By region
926:Mennonite
896:Taiwanese
817:Uruguayan
797:Dominican
787:Colombian
782:Brazilian
751:Tehuelche
721:Pehuenche
552:(2004) .
156:Argentina
136:Argentina
80:Shamanism
65:(Callaga)
57:Languages
1190:Scottish
1181:British
1131:Southern
1117:Romanian
1097:Croatian
1087:Albanian
1033:Estonian
1023:Northern
958:Austrian
881:Japanese
861:Armenian
849:Lebanese
812:Peruvian
777:Bolivian
772:American
746:Selk'nam
686:Diaguita
655:Americas
530:Abipones
345:"Abipón"
291:netergé–
287:hardwood
280:tattooed
218:Asuncion
182:Santa Fe
122:Abipones
114:Abipones
106:peoples
104:Guaycurú
82:, later
70:Religion
1185:English
1178:Belgian
1172:Western
1164:Maltese
1160:Italian
1143:Spanish
1122:Serbian
1069:Swedish
1058:Finnish
1049:Nordic
1038:Latvian
1029:Baltic
1009:Russian
997:Eastern
983:Slovene
951:Central
901:Turkish
876:Israeli
866:Chinese
802:Mexican
792:Chilean
756:Teushen
741:Quilmes
736:Quechua
716:Nivaclé
706:Mapuche
691:Guaraní
681:Capayán
631:Angolan
523::
261:Abipón
245:Spanish
237:Mocovís
214:peccary
206:guanaco
171:Spanish
150:History
118:Spanish
76:Animism
1207:French
1148:Basque
1138:Iberic
1053:Danish
978:Polish
968:German
931:Jewish
911:Europe
886:Korean
871:Indian
854:Syrian
711:Mocoví
696:Huarpe
671:Abipón
623:Africa
560:
517:
408:
360:
229:Jesuit
212:, and
198:cattle
127:Abipón
100:Pilagá
63:Abipón
30:Abipón
1212:Irish
1202:Dutch
1195:Welsh
1102:Greek
988:Swiss
963:Czech
701:Kolla
676:Chané
494:[
178:Tobas
844:Arab
836:Asia
726:Poya
558:ISBN
406:ISBN
358:ISBN
220:and
210:deer
202:rhea
184:and
112:The
96:Toba
1224:All
731:Qom
532:".
138:'s
134:of
1256::
504:^
472:^
448:.
420:^
372:^
356:.
354:33
348:.
324:^
224:.
208:,
204:,
200:,
120::
98:,
78:,
597:e
590:t
583:v
566:.
467:.
414:.
366:.
265:.
116:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)