2nd New Zealand Division

499: 846: 1173: 1031:

fire further preventing armoured engineer bulldozers from clearing access routes for the tanks. Although the armour had been stopped, the NZ Infantry still held some parts of the town, including the strategic Castle Hill. Freyberg's orders had defined that the 4th Indian Division would only commence their advance on the Abbey, once Castle Hill had been secured, as they were to pass through the NZ lines on the hill as they progressed up the mountain. It took two hours to pass the message that the hill had been secured and as it was already dark, further delays were encountered by the Indian Division struggling to find Castle Hill. The Indian advance on Hangman's Hill only commenced after midnight, further compounded by heavy rain.

789: 892:'s insistence at this time, that Italy was the key to the ultimate success in the war. As part of the solution, Alexander withdrew the 2nd New Zealand Division from the Eighth Army line to establish a small Army Group Reserve with a view to reinforcing the Fifth Army front. Clark was initially apprehensive of making use of an ex-British Eighth Army Division. As an American, he was even more apprehensive of having Freyberg, whom he considered a "prima donna" who "had to be handled with kid gloves" leading the Army Reserve. Clark feared that, due to Freyberg's extensive experience, he would question or dispute his orders. What concerned him most was that he feared that 1063: 598: 717:. The division then remained in reserve in the Nofaliya area until early January, when it was ordered forward to take part in the final push through Buerat and advance the remaining 200 miles (320 km) to Tripoli. The operation began on 15 January; by 21 January, Tripoli was less than 50 miles (80 km) ahead. However, skilful delaying tactics allowed the Axis forces to withdraw in good order and when leading elements of Eighth Army entered Tripoli in the early morning of 23 January its defenders had left. 6337: 973:) they were attempting to breach the strongest and most fortified point of the Gustav Line. As part of his plan, and encouraged by the complaints from Tucker, Freyberg insisted to Clark that the monastery should be flattened by bombing in the preparatory stage of the attack. General Alexander, although expressing the opinion that it would be regrettable to destroy the Benedictine Order monastery-built around AD 529—supported Freyberg's insistence that reducing the monastery be considered a military necessity. 79: 1154:

extended. It was doubtful whether we could break into the defences until we had brought up more reserves. However, determined attacks by the New Zealand Division against the Poggio al Pino and Poggiona high ground S.E. of Florence gained the day. The New Zealand Division fought magnificently over a period of four days. If it had not been for their effort it would have been necessary to check along the whole front until we could bring in fresh divisions.

300: 1011:

time, U.S. VI Corps, which had landed at Anzio some two months before, had still not been able to break out of its beachhead, though pressure on the beachhead had significantly decreased since the beginning of the month. This third assault on Cassino was intended to not only penetrate the Gustav Line, but to draw away the German forces to further alleviate the pressure on the VI Corps at Anzio.

44: 832:

including about a third of the division. The mood of those was not improved by the break from Italy. They found a large number of fighting-fit men were exempt from conscription due to being classed as in essential occupations. Wages had also risen in response to the lack of labour in the market so the differential from a soldiers pay was even higher. In the resulting

828:. By the end of the year the deteriorating winter weather made movement of even tracked vehicles impossible except on metaled roads and severely impeded vital close air support operations. This, together with the failure to capture Orsogna led the Allies to call off the Adriatic coast offensive until spring brought better conditions in the skies and under foot. 780:

Zealand's subsequent wartime role. Fennell asserts that the aftermath of the 'mutiny' meant that "the New Zealand soldier, to all intents and purposes, was able to negotiate the terms of his service in the second half of the war. As a result, 2nd New Zealand Division would fight some of its hardest battles without its most experienced veterans."

1194:. With one armoured and two infantry brigades, the division was well organised for mobile warfare as experienced in North Africa. In the mountainous terrain and difficult conditions underfoot found in Italy, however, tank mobility was very restricted and the division always found itself short of infantry. During the winter of 1944–45 the 1901:

Although not explicitly recorded, it is assumed that Freyberg, new to mountain warfare, overestimated the risks associated with an advance to attack over mountainous terrain without any well-developed roads—and decided to abandon this plan in favour of the easier, but unsuccessful approach previously

1162:

Now that we have entered Florence, I should like to say how much 13 Corps owes to 2 NZ Division during its recent fighting. In the battles for Arezzo and Florence your troops as always fought magnificently, and gave us the extra punch that was necessary to eject the enemy from his chosen positions in

950:

Freyberg's plan initially included a wide flanking attack—differentiating it from the approach previously used by Keyes' II Corps. This flanking movement was eventually excluded from the final plan and Freyberg dictated that the attack be along the same unsuccessful lines as used by the Americans the

779:

During 1943, the division was involved in what was called the "Furlough Mutiny". This was "an affair that has received little attention in the literature of the Second World War" but which according to the military historian Jonathan Fennell had significant military and political implications for New

709:

The division then formed the left flank of the advancing Eighth Army and on 16 December had an opportunity to trap the retreating Axis forces. However, the division's troops were strung out and without anti-tank guns. The 15th Panzer Division was therefore able to punch through and secure the line of

1153:

At times the enemy fought almost fanatically. They had, apparently, been ordered to hold on south of Florence at all costs. Eventually, the general advance came to a halt about 5,000 yards south of Florence and the River Arno. Owing to the necessity to take over the French front, 13th Corps was very

1039:

which was to have supported them, considered the road too risky, as numerous hairpin bends had not been secured. German reinforcements continued to arrive, bolstering the defences in town, as well as on the Cassino massif. Attempts by the NZ Division to expand their perimeter in town continued on 16

1001:

artillery had stopped the 28th Battalion advance on the Rapido River bridgehead and the NZ Division were forced to use all their guns to fire smoke onto the bridge and railway station areas to mask the withdrawal of the 28th Battalion. The attack had failed, and so had the 4th Indian Division attack

988:

The 4th Indian Division was to attack in an arc towards the south and south west, taking Point 593 and then moving south east, up the heights towards the Abbey. The 4th Indian Division would only advance on the Abbey, once the NZ Division had attacked south and south east taking the town of Cassino.

976:

The Allied planes dropped 442 tons of bombs on the Abbey and its immediate environs in two separate attacks on 15 February, one between 09:30 and 10:00 and the other between 10:30 and 13:30, but the infantry attack, which was to commence directly after the second bombing mission, was delayed due to

763:

My very best congratulations to NZ Corps and 10 Corps on splendid results achieved by the left hook. These results have led to the complete disintegration of the enemy resistance and the whole Mareth position. Give my congratulations to all your officers and men, and tell them how pleased I am with

1030:

The advance into Cassino town by the 6th NZ Brigade went wrong from the start as the 19th Armoured tanks were unable to pass through the badly damaged roads, covered in rubble and bomb craters. The infantry, advancing without tanks came under severe fire from German paratroopers in the town, their

831:

In response to complaints from the troops, the New Zealand government extended a three month furlough was to those in the Mediterranean who had been in service longest with the result that about 6,000 of the most experienced troops of the 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force returned to New Zealand

1010:

On the evening of 14 March, the battalions of the NZ Corps were alerted that Operation Bradman, the bombing of Cassino, was approved for the next day. In a third attempt to penetrate the Gustav Line, the Corps was again launched against Cassino town and the monastery on top of the massif. By this

471:

landed in May 1941. While suffering many casualties, the Germans gradually gained the upper hand over the Allied forces in the Battle of Crete. By the end of the month, German soldiers had once again overwhelmed British and Commonwealth forces, and it was decided to evacuate the division from the

836:

many refused to return to Italy; between exemptions granted and desertions about 13% of those furloughed returned leaving the division depleted of experienced troops. Although news of the mutiny was suppressed, the soldiers remaining in Italy were well aware of the situation leading to a drop in

946:

was a possibility, given the relentless enemy air, artillery, and ground assaults against VI Corps. General Alexander advised Freyberg to ready the NZ Corps to take over from U.S. II Corps, under Major General Geoffrey Keyes, also advising him that enemy reinforcements had arrived and that even

1053:

overran Point 435 on Hangman's Hill, 500 yards from the Abbey, but were again driven back by German fire from unassailable positions. The NZ Division re-occupied the railway station and the botanical gardens in the town and the process of attack and counterattack continued until 23 March when

919:

from Eighth Army to join this strategic reserve. This formation was initially known as "Spadger Force" to confuse German intelligence, with the commander, General Freyberg being known as "Spadger". The Corps later became known as the New Zealand Corps under command of the U.S. Fifth Army. The

459:

Since most 2nd New Zealand Division troops had evacuated to Crete from mainland Greece, they were very much involved in the defence of Crete against further German attacks. As Freyberg was judged to have performed extremely well during the evacuation of Greece, he was given command of all

702:. At the Battle of El Agheila, the New Zealand Division was brought forward with supporting tanks to conduct an outflanking movement while two divisions made a frontal attack. The battle started on the night of 11 December. Looking to preserve his forces, Rommel commenced a withdrawal to 1085:

launched their final and successful offensive on the Cassino front, X Corps was employed in a holding role making diversionary feints and anchoring the right flank of the Eighth Army attack. Some of the division's armoured elements were detached, however, and placed under command of the

1048:

By the afternoon of 19 March, it was evident that no further progress would be made by the NZ Division in Cassino town—the German paratrooper line held firm, with machine gun, mortar and sniper fire and continued counter-attacks to reduce the NZ perimeter. By 20 March a company of

476:

in June. The unit's ability to help itself to enemy—and Allied—heavy weapons and transport led to it being nicknamed "Freyberg's Forty Thousand Thieves". In the Battle for Crete, 671 New Zealanders were killed, 967 wounded and 2,180 captured. During the battle,

1145:. The New Zealand Division's capture of the eastern crests of the Pian dei Cerri hills at the start of August was the turning point of the battle for Florence. Florence was declared an open city and Allied troops entered on 4 August. Lieutenant-General 845: 444:

forces and forcing them to retreat to Crete and Egypt by 6 April. The last New Zealand troops had evacuated mainland Greece by 25 April, having sustained losses of 291 men killed, 387 seriously wounded, and 1,826 men captured in this campaign.

910:

and "snatch the victory which the Americans had so dearly bought". The failure of the New Zealand Corps to capture Cassino reduced these fears and eventually made Clark more amenable towards the New Zealand Corps. Alexander also withdrew the

1044:

reported in this regard "... south of the town, the enemy fought our foremost posts to a standstill by weight of fire and then occupied the station after hand-to-hand fighting ... the centre of the town is still in our hands."

1022:

and at the same time, the 4th Indian Division was to advance on Hangman's Hill after which they were to assault the Monastery. The next morning, the 4th NZ Armoured Brigade was to take over from American tanks in the Liri Valley while the

1277:

This division, with which we had already become acquainted back in 1941–1942, was among the elite of the British Army and I should have been very much happier if it had been safely tucked away in our prison camps instead of still facing

1034:

The next morning, while concentrated German artillery fire and house to house fighting pinned the 2nd New Zealand Division in that portion of the town which they held, the 4th Indian Division was making no progress up the mountain. The

933:

On 8 February, Clark conceded to Alexander that U.S. II Corps would not succeed with any further attacks and he "allowed" the British (and Dominions) to attempt to strike the final blow against the Axis line at Cassino. By this time,

698:, the Eighth Army commander since August 1942, was obliged to maintain a relatively small forward force because of the difficulties caused by a very extended supply line and the New Zealand Division was therefore held in reserve at 924:

was not, however, a truly of corps size, since it lacked a full staff and set of corps troops. It was more a temporary extension of the division - New Zealand simply did not have the resources to fully man a corps level formation.

413:

In March 1941, the division was deployed to Greece to assist British and Australian forces in defending the country from an expected German invasion. The New Zealanders were combined with Australian and British forces as

1463:

in January 1941, arrived in Egypt with 5th Reinforcements in May 1941. Disbanded during the later stages of the Italian campaign, late 1944. The regiment served in Egypt, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, Libya, Tunisia and

258:

In late 1943, the division was moved to Italy, taking part in the Eighth Army's campaign on Italy's Adriatic coast, which ground to a halt at the end of the year. In early 1944, the division formed the nucleus of the

1125:. On 10 June elements of the division entered Avezzano and the division passed into army reserve to spend a period of rest and training. In mid July, the division joined British XIII Corps, under Lieutenant-General 498: 1070:

Following the two assaults at Monte Cassino, the New Zealand Division was withdrawn and when redeployed found itself in the high Apennine sector north east of Cassino under the British Eighth Army's

464:

for the defence of the island. Consequently, the New Zealand Division temporarily lost him as its commander. However, the attempt to defend Crete was as doomed as that to defend Greece had been.

1014:

The bombing started at 08:00 and continued till 12:00—dropping an equivalent of four tons per acre. By 12:30, an 890 gun artillery bombardment started, which would continue for eight hours. The

997:

and to seize the station south of Cassino town, to establish a bridgehead for the corps armour to move into the town and to the foot of the Cassino massif—the attack starting at 21:30. By dawn,

1113:

under my command. They fought well and nothing was too difficult for them to tackle. In fact they got across a large stretch of country which the going map said was impassable to tanks ...

1206:

had also been converted to infantry and the division's infantry reorganized into three brigades each with three battalions. Manpower shortages in the division were also eased when the

870:

had also been fighting its way north. By the end of January 1944, the Fifth Army's attacks against the Cassino massif had ground to a halt and the "Battle for Rome" had stalled. The

6677: 6390: 658:

was awarded the VC for continuing to lead his company, despite wounds, in assaults which led to the destruction of five machine guns plus an anti-tank gun and the capture of 130

350:, arrived in Egypt on 27 October 1940 and concentration of the division was completed after the second echelon, no longer required in Britain, reached Egypt the following March. 330:. This force became known as 2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force (2NZEF) and the division, initially, as the New Zealand Division. The first echelon, 2NZEF Headquarters and the 677:; the following morning, the armour continued to be attacked, suffering heavy losses. However, the 9th Armoured Brigade's sacrifice had made the follow-up successes possible. 282:, which led to the surrender of German forces in Italy in May. After returning to New Zealand, reorganised elements of the division formed part of the occupational forces in 6697: 4908: 343: 4653: 619:

The division played a prominent role in both Battles of El Alamein. During the First Battle of El Alamein, in July 1942, the division put in a night attack against the

6692: 4261: 370: 319:. Initially a 'Special Force' was to be raised, of one battalion in each of the three military districts, but the requirement was then raised, to that of a division. 6259: 4277: 732:. The attack was launched on 21 March and the entrance to the gap had been secured after four days fighting but no break through made. Further reinforcements from 4597: 665:

During the Second Battle of El Alamein, the division broke through the German positions and got behind Rommel's flank. During the night of 1–2 November 1942, the

4200: 4172: 3316: 888:

looked around for solutions to penetrate the defences, as their careers and reputations were irrevocably linked with success on this front, particularly due to

6238: 4917: 4604: 3738: 958:, commander of the 4th Indian Division, voiced strong disapproval regarding the plan to Freyberg, his new Corps Commander—as his division was to lead the now, 1321:, of the New Zealand Division, was the only person to be awarded the Victoria Cross twice during the Second World War. Other Victoria Crosses were awarded to 5220: 4583: 3892: 3517: 6383: 4233: 4179: 3365: 1137:. The New Zealand Division acted as guard to the right flank of the corps. Arezzo was captured on 16 July and the advance was continued towards the River 4690: 4186: 3802: 1850: 1117:

As the main attack advanced, X Corps with the New Zealand Division moved forward to maintain protection of Eighth Army's right flank. After the fall of

3212: 744:

was launched on 26 March and by 28 March the main Axis forces on the Mareth Line had been forced to withdraw by the flanking threat from the advancing

6672: 4576: 4023: 3899: 1027:

and small NZ tank groups were to advance up the Cavendish Road (built by Indian engineers) to clear any pockets of resistance on the Cassino slopes.

3876: 3256: 1257:

By the end of the war, the New Zealand Division had a reputation as a tough formation with good troops. This opinion had earlier been expressed by

6647: 6531: 6376: 4313: 3625: 2188: 1456: 2932:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945. Vol. II. Wellington, New Zealand: Historical Publications Branch. 1241:. The division was subsequently transferred to XIII Corps and the closing days of the Second World War saw the 2nd New Zealand Division race to 755:, the New Zealand Corps was broken up and its elements allocated between X and XXX Corps. On 30 March, Montgomery sent the following message to 48: 4132: 3434: 962:. Tuker also expressed his concern over Freyberg's apparent obsession with reducing the monastery on Monte Cassino, arguing that (supported by 6131: 4924: 4887: 4864: 4385: 3307: 3277: 985:. Also, the division commanders were insisting that a preliminary high-point (Point 593) was to be captured as a prelude to the main attack. 896: 878: 4639: 5017: 4873: 4857: 4829: 4077: 3284: 547:

Originally known as the 'New Zealand Division', the division became known as 2nd New Zealand Division from June 1942 onward as part of the

1054:

Alexander decided to call off the offensive. The Monte Cassino Abbey, although totally destroyed by now, remained firmly in German hands.

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got to the east of the division. That night, the division's 4th Brigade broke through the German positions, and the division retired to

536:

of the Tobruk Garrison on 26 November. Operation Crusader was an overall success for the British and the New Zealand troops withdrew to

4746: 3478: 728:, the New Zealand Division was reinforced to form a New Zealand Corps to execute a left hook around the main Axis defenses through the 17: 1955: 1221:

In April 1945, the division, still as part of British V Corps with 8th Indian Division, was performing assault crossings of first the

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over the next year and a half. On 18 November 1941, the division took part in Operation Crusader. The New Zealand troops crossed the

6101: 3920: 3694: 3457: 3323: 3134: 2986:

Molony, Brigadier C. J. C.; with Flynn, Captain F. C. (RN); Davies, Major-General H. L. & Gleave, Group Captain T. P. (2004) .

1550: 1203: 674: 382: 2994:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. V. Part 1. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. 2913:. The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945. Wellington, New Zealand: Historical Publications Branch. 4996: 4793: 3830: 3330: 3242: 3178: 916: 533: 5199: 4711: 3561: 3099: 1087: 970: 745: 631:, the 4th New Zealand Brigade was shattered, with the loss of around 3,000 men, during the fighting that resulted when German 5795: 5700: 5227: 4973: 4848: 3934: 3908: 3765: 3471: 3388: 3067: 2992:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: The Campaign in Sicily 1943 and The Campaign in Italy 3rd September1943 to 31st March 1944

2889: 2832: 1372: 666: 3020:. History of the Second World War, United Kingdom Military Series. Vol. III. Uckfield, UK: Naval & Military Press. 2684: 6526: 6028: 5435: 5321: 4486: 3953: 3949: 3927: 3531: 1912: 1858: 1448: 756: 323: 224: 166: 5943: 5407: 4739: 4725: 3938: 2042: 2006:

Malcolm Thomas and Cliff Lord, 'New Zealand Army Distinguishing Patches 1911–1991,' 1995, Part One, 50, 158 (Appendix I).

1356:, was not to be upgraded to a Victoria Cross, despite recommendations from senior officers, including Lieutenant-General 1075: 692: 419: 243:. In the Western Desert Campaign, the division played a prominent role in the defeat of German and Italian forces in the 221: 2696: 6477: 6444: 6416: 6152: 6021: 5899: 5477: 5192: 5143: 4901: 4456: 3708: 3547: 3395: 3249: 1528: 1505: 1015: 882: 347: 335: 331: 647:, becoming only the third man to be awarded the VC twice and the first soldier in a combatant role. Also at Ruweisat, 6642: 6637: 6268: 5150: 5122: 4939: 4521: 4240: 4207: 3042: 3025: 2999: 2956: 2870: 436:

headquarters, which was briefly renamed Anzac Corps. On 6 April, the Germans launched their invasion, commencing the

3423: 2673: 691:

Following the victory at Alamein, the Eighth Army advanced west through Libya to El Agheila. For much of this time,

669:

was to have advanced in support of an attack by the division. However, it was stopped in the minefield lanes by the

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Malcolm Thomas and Cliff Lord, 'New Zealand Army Distinguishing Patches 1911–1991,' 1995, Part One, pp. 41, 158.

1218:, had been disbanded in October 1944 and 4,000 of its officers and men then transferred to the 2nd NZ Division. 816:

in late 1943, rejoining the Eighth Army. The division came into the front line in November and took part in the

6687: 6215: 6187: 6065: 5858: 5095: 4546: 4472: 4268: 3639: 3358: 3263: 3148: 1238: 1099: 1098:

attack in the centre of the front. When the New Zealand tanks returned from 8th Indian Division in early June,

952: 426: 402: 320: 279: 2749: 2641: 6275: 6208: 6159: 6090: 5915: 5421: 5372: 5136: 5129: 4732: 4493: 4284: 3337: 3018:

The Mediterranean and Middle East: British Fortunes reach their Lowest Ebb (September 1941 to September 1942)

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counter-attacked the New Zealand infantry the following morning. It was for his actions in this battle that

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surrender in Tunisia the 2nd New Zealand Division was withdrawn to refit and therefore took no part in the

655: 517: 354: 248: 124: 3012:; with Flynn, Captain F. C. (R.N.); Molony, Brigadier C. J. C. & Gleave, Group Captain T. P. (2004) . 540:

to recover. The campaign in Libya was the most costly that the 2nd New Zealand Division fought during the

6312: 5636: 5588: 5206: 5178: 5031: 4646: 4625: 4146: 3809: 3715: 3205: 3013: 2987: 1934:

Malcolm Thomas and Cliff Lord, 'New Zealand Army Distinguishing Patches 1911–1991,' 1995, Part One, p.41.

1349: 1095: 1024: 982: 773: 614: 378: 244: 94: 2571: 2559: 2547: 2535: 2523: 2511: 2162: 1062: 788: 6603: 6566: 6110: 5606: 5525: 5470: 5358: 5314: 4964: 4590: 4514: 4416: 4293: 4165: 4158: 4118: 4091: 3823: 3756: 3351: 3162: 3092: 2499: 2484: 2472: 2460: 2448: 1266: 1262: 1207: 1202:

were converted to infantry, giving each infantry brigade a fourth battalion. By the spring of 1945 the

627:. As no armoured support was available to the division after their night attack against the Germans at 610: 374: 339: 327: 180: 2804: 2718: 2662: 2112: 2100: 6575: 6012: 5929: 5714: 5574: 5546: 5379: 5284: 5074: 4507: 3581: 3235: 2619: 2048: 1364: 1297: 820:

at the end of the month. During December the division was involved in very heavy fighting during the

805: 3779: 2127: 5751: 5728: 4980: 4781: 4774: 4438: 4098: 4070: 4063: 3450: 3009: 2783:"To the Warrior his Arms" History of the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps and its predecessors 2754:

To the Warrior his Arms - History of the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps and its predecessors

2723:

To the Warrior his Arms - History of the Royal New Zealand Army Ordnance Corps and its predecessors

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were sent to the Tebaga Gap and overall control of the operation transferred to X Corps commander

472:

island, again without its heavy weapons. This evacuation was to Egypt, with the forces landing in

6173: 6117: 5987: 5847: 5532: 5185: 5081: 4987: 4555: 4423: 4393: 4357: 4342: 4214: 4106: 4084: 4030: 4016: 3998: 3662: 3443: 3171: 3120: 1301: 857: 602: 441: 394: 268: 236: 1348:

was posthumously honoured in 2007 by representatives of the Queen after it was decided that his

303:

Bernard Freyberg (pictured) would command the 2nd New Zealand Division for most of its existence

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and were under heavy threat from the reinforcing Germans. An outright destruction of the Anzio

713:

A further unsuccessful attempt to get to the rear of the withdrawing Axis forces took place at

597: 570: 564: 521: 461: 334:, left New Zealand in January and landed in Egypt on 12 February 1940. The second echelon, the 276: 170: 145: 2927: 6356: 6079: 5922: 5818: 5788: 5744: 5484: 5449: 5442: 5365: 5263: 4704: 4681: 4528: 4139: 3676: 3416: 3402: 3085: 3036: 2908: 998: 963: 422: 316: 3974: 2702: 6180: 6035: 5686: 5643: 5613: 5539: 5349: 5328: 4254: 3731: 3409: 1952: 1293: 833: 686: 8: 6298: 6072: 5950: 5906: 5428: 4562: 4328: 3855: 3685: 3669: 3618: 1881: 821: 433: 209: 175: 114: 6291: 6124: 6049: 6003: 5973: 5881: 5721: 5386: 5270: 5164: 5115: 5053: 4809: 4760: 4569: 4193: 3848: 3646: 2966: 2021: 1992: 1285: 1269:) in which he highly rated the New Zealand Division. This view was repeated within the 863: 741: 725: 695: 507: 366: 283: 6368: 2175:

Fighting the People's War:the British and Commonwealth armies and the Second World War

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in their drive into Egypt. The 2nd New Zealand Division was transported from Syria to

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https://www.stuff.co.nz/timaru-herald/features/7821975/War-vet-94-heads-back-to-Egypt

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Following the disasters in Europe, the division was then integrated into the regular

1121:

in early June X Corps formed a pursuit force comprising 2nd New Zealand and 8th and

6201: 6194: 6138: 5802: 5567: 5553: 5456: 5393: 5344: 5157: 5010: 4957: 4767: 4718: 4632: 3862: 3839: 3372: 2037: 1296:, recommended that the division should be used in the invasion of Normandy but the 1183: 1078: 1041: 769: 437: 386: 358: 252: 228: 213: 3381: 6224: 5936: 5851: 5809: 5707: 5650: 5518: 5300: 5291: 4820: 4402: 4378: 3632: 1959: 1862: 1246: 1215: 990: 959: 939: 871: 659: 632: 513: 454: 362: 326:, of the British Army, but with strong New Zealand connections, was appointed as 232: 6336: 3041:. NZETC: The Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War 1939–1945. 1855: 1133:

as reinforcements ahead of a set piece offensive planned to carry an advance to

581:. In the ensuing battle, the division's retreat was cut off on 27 June when the 6231: 5767: 5693: 3745: 3604: 1357: 1338: 1314: 1273:

intelligence reports. Rommel also paid tribute to the division in his memoirs:

1130: 1126: 1102: 994: 903: 817: 737: 644: 628: 482: 2946: 1387: 6666: 6042: 3967: 3816: 3655: 3050: 2978: 2937: 2899: 1885: 1330: 1310: 966: 955: 885: 651: 636: 478: 429: 6341: 6145: 4445: 4350: 3981: 3344: 3108: 2918: 2851: 1341: 1326: 1258: 1146: 849: 624: 620: 578: 541: 308: 217: 185: 2189:"The Furlough Mutiny and the Struggle for Cassino in the Second World War" 5980: 5966: 5628: 4304: 4125: 4110: 3464: 2069:

ed Max Lambert, Air New Zealand Almanac 1989, NZ Press Association, p.220

1322: 1211: 1187: 808:. The refit included the conversion of the 4th Infantry Brigade into the 801: 721: 574: 398: 312: 272: 264: 84: 1300:

did not approve the move. This was because the division was fighting at

1018:

lead the attack, assaulting Cassino town, supported by the tanks of the

5335: 5088: 5067: 3960: 3293: 3221: 729: 724:

on the border with Tunisia shortly after the fall of Tripoli. After an

586: 552: 473: 134: 3038:

Bardia to Enfidaville – The Enemy Retirement into the Agheila Position

5598: 5003: 4800: 4611: 4409: 4364: 1318: 943: 640: 529: 338:, was diverted to Britain on Italy's entry into the war, joining the 3885: 989:

The main attack eventually commenced just after last light with the

3869: 3597: 1353: 1226: 1142: 862:

Meanwhile, to the west of the Eighth Army on the other side of the

714: 648: 299: 206: 104: 357:

to the end of World War II in 1945, during which it fought in the

263:, fighting two battles attempting unsuccessfully to penetrate the 1368: 1242: 1234: 1230: 825: 726:

unsuccessful attempt to break through the Axis defenses at Mareth

415: 1288:, who commanded the Eighth Army and who would later command the 776:

on 7 May, prompting the surrender of the remaining Axis forces.

4479: 3077: 1134: 1105:, the 8th Indian Division's commander wrote to Freyberg saying: 1050: 978: 703: 699: 3008: 2907:

Gillespie, Oliver A. (1952). Kippenberger, Howard Karl (ed.).

346:, to strengthen the invasion defences. The third echelon, the 4667: 1614:

Order of battle taken from the New Zealand Official History.

1222: 537: 525: 2985: 2609:

The New Zealand Expeditionary Force in World War II, p. 1936

1413:

4th, 5th, 6th Brigades, Divisional Artillery, support units

1163:

the very difficult country south of the River Arno ...

1138: 1118: 1066:

New Zealand infantry moving along the road towards Florence

555:, the division's base area in Egypt, as "6th NZ Division". 220:. The division was commanded for most of its existence by 2824:

The Day of Battle: the War in Sicily and Italy, 1943–1944

1915:

as "an old acquaintance of mine from previous campaigns."

43: 6678:

Army units and formations of New Zealand in World War II

1249:'s partisans, and liberate the city from German troops. 502:

New Zealand Infantry linking up with the Tobruk garrison

342:. Composite elements were formed into an extra brigade, 6398: 1856:

Official History of New Zealand in the Second World War

1367:, were reorganized as the division disbanded to become 3739:

Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany

1182:

In the autumn of 1944, the division fought as part of

2047:. Vol. 5 (updated for online version ed.). 899:

might decide to use the New Zealand Corps to replace

425:. The immediate operational commander was Australian 6698:

Military units and formations disestablished in 1945

1609: 3060:

The New Zealand Expeditionary Force in World War II

2707:. War History Branch, Ministry of Internal Affairs. 2195:. Defence Studies Department, King’s College London 1851:

Military history of New Zealand during World War II

1177:

22nd Battalion crossing the Piave River, April 1945

520:. It fought in many of the critical battles in the 1996:(Supplement). 10 October 1941. pp. 5935–5936. 1602:Divisional Mobile Laundry and Decontamination Unit 6693:Military units and formations established in 1939 6664: 1880:The other two recipients of the VC and Bar are 1392: 1383: 1371:, (Japan), the New Zealand contribution to the 1109:I wish you to know how glad I was to have your 2882:Forgotten Anzacs: The Campaign in Greece, 1941 2025:(Supplement). 25 September 1945. p. 4779. 1190:. In November 1944 it was then transferred to 852:of the 19th Armoured Regiment at Monte Cassino 6384: 3093: 2779:"NZ Divisional Ordnance Field Park 1941-1945" 2750:"Mobile Laundry and Bath Equipment 1941-1990" 1186:during Operation Olive, the offensive on the 1057: 2965: 2884:. Carlton North, Vic.: Scribe Publications. 1787:102 Mobile Venereal Disease Treatment Centre 928: 573:, fresh forces were brought up to check the 2951:. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 2700: 1937: 601:New Zealand Soldier with a captured German 6391: 6377: 3100: 3086: 2045:. Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand 1928: 544:, with 879 men killed, and 1,700 wounded. 2906: 2620:"Vet's Heroism Recognised 64 Years Later" 2000: 1167: 812:. The division returned to battle in the 271:. The division saw further action on the 6673:Divisions of New Zealand in World War II 2820: 2494: 2492: 2122: 2120: 2035: 2015: 1986: 1171: 1158:Kirkman, the Corps commander also wrote: 1061: 844: 787: 596: 551:deception scheme and the 'formation' of 497: 298: 3034: 2944: 2841: 2600:The Rommel Papers, Liddell-Hart, p. 240 2186: 2036:Crawford, J. A. B. (1 September 2010). 2009: 311:in September 1939, it was decided that 14: 6665: 4947: 4925:Romanian prisoners in the Soviet Union 2719:"NZ Divisional Salvage Unit 1941-1942" 1980: 1743:6 Reserve Mechanical Transport Company 1740:4 Reserve Mechanical Transport Company 947:greater resistance could be expected. 866:, Italy's central mountain spine, the 569:After the Eighth Army's defeat in the 275:in Italy in 1944 and took part in the 6372: 5796:Gilbert and Marshall Islands campaign 5228:Japanese invasion of French Indochina 4874:Italian prisoners in the Soviet Union 4830:Finnish prisoners in the Soviet Union 3935:Rape during the occupation of Germany 3081: 3057: 2858: 2773: 2771: 2744: 2742: 2740: 2489: 2117: 1391: 1373:British Commonwealth Occupation Force 772:with Eighth Army until Tunis fell to 493: 353:The division remained as part of the 4918:Polish prisoners in the Soviet Union 3950:Rape during the liberation of France 2879: 2704:2nd New Zealand Divisional Artillery 2187:Fennell, Jonathan (8 January 2020). 2081: 2038:"Upham, Charles Hazlitt – Biography" 1811:Electrical and Mechanical Engineers 408: 6400:2nd New Zealand Expeditionary Force 2925: 2685:Thornton History of 14 LAA Regiment 2043:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography 1823:6 Infantry Brigade Workshop Section 1820:5 Infantry Brigade Workshop Section 1803:2 NZ Divisional Ordnance Field Park 1631:4 Squadron, 2 NZ Divisional Signals 1265:on 21 July 1942 (at the end of the 783: 440:. They overwhelmed the British and 24: 6683:Infantry divisions of World War II 5144:German invasion of the Netherlands 3424:Weather events during World War II 2844:Monte Cassino: The Historic Battle 2768: 2737: 1977:, 5 April 1941, accessed July 2009 1772:1 Mobile Casualty Clearing Station 1752:NZ Section, Motor Ambulance Convoy 1708:6 Infantry Brigade Defence Platoon 1691:5 Infantry Brigade Defence Platoon 1421:Headquarters New Zealand Division 1378: 1237:, marking the start of the Allied 1149:, the Eighth Army commander wrote: 448: 25: 6709: 6648:29th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment 6532:14th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment 5775:Northern Burma and Western Yunnan 3043:Victoria University of Wellington 1911:At this time, Rommel referred to 1725:HQ Command NZ Army Service Corps 1610:Order of Battle as at 11 May 1944 1457:14th Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment 532:, and linked up with the British 481:was awarded the first of his two 6335: 3107: 3035:Stevens, Maj-Gen W. G. (2008) . 3010:Playfair, Major-General I. S. O. 2051:Ministry of Culture and Heritage 1482:4th New Zealand Armoured Brigade 840: 216:(New Zealand's army) during the 77: 42: 2797: 2711: 2690: 2678: 2667: 2655: 2634: 2612: 2603: 2594: 2585: 2576: 2564: 2552: 2540: 2528: 2516: 2504: 2477: 2465: 2453: 2441: 2432: 2423: 2414: 2405: 2396: 2387: 2378: 2369: 2360: 2351: 2342: 2333: 2324: 2315: 2306: 2297: 2288: 2279: 2270: 2261: 2252: 2243: 2234: 2225: 2216: 2207: 2180: 2167: 2156: 2144: 2132: 2105: 2093: 2072: 2063: 1905: 1895: 1831:2 NZ Divisional Provost Company 1826:1 Armoured Troops Recovery Unit 1663:14 Light Anti-Aircraft Regiment 1587:Divisional Intelligence Section 1245:in northern Italy to work with 1005: 720:The Eighth Army arrived on the 558: 488: 51:of the 2nd New Zealand Division 6022:Vietnamese famine of 1944–1945 3732:Territorial changes of Germany 3640:Indonesian National Revolution 2929:Italy: From Cassino to Trieste 2029: 1967: 1946: 1874: 1605:Divisional Ordnance Field Park 1363:Elements of the division, the 1239:spring 1945 offensive in Italy 1123:10th Indian Infantry Divisions 917:British 78th Infantry Division 27:WW2 New Zealand Army formation 13: 1: 5422:Japanese invasion of Thailand 5373:Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 5137:German invasion of Luxembourg 3518:Mediterranean and Middle East 2813: 2177:, Cambridge, 2019, pp.389–390 1671:HQ 2 NZ Divisional Engineers 1648:HQ 2 NZ Divisional Artillery 1593:Divisional Employment Platoon 1566:Divisional Ammunition Company 1088:British 4th Infantry Division 796:in action at the Sangro River 592: 401:(May–December 1944), and the 6548:27th (Machine Gun) Battalion 5329:Invasion of the Soviet Union 5018:Occupation of Czechoslovakia 4336:Independent State of Croatia 1921: 1817:4 Armoured Brigade Workshops 1806:Mobile Laundry and Bath Unit 1784:3 Anti-Malarial Control Unit 1781:2 Anti-Malarial Control Unit 1384:Initial composition, 1940–41 1252: 1092:8th Indian Infantry Division 913:4th Indian Infantry Division 667:British 9th Armoured Brigade 389:(December 1942 – May 1943), 294: 7: 6553:Divisional Cavalry Regiment 6313:End of World War II in Asia 6153:Western invasion of Germany 5660:Chinese famine of 1942–1943 5637:Second Battle of El Alamein 5207:Hundred Regiments Offensive 5179:Battle of the Mediterranean 5032:Italian invasion of Albania 3206:Air warfare of World War II 2862:Cassino: The Hollow Victory 2687:; see Murphy 1966, 665-668. 1844: 1837:2 NZ Divisional Postal Unit 1746:18 Tank Transporter Company 1599:Divisional Mobile Bath Unit 1426:Divisional Cavalry Regiment 1393:New Zealand Division (1940) 1350:Distinguished Conduct Medal 1196:Divisional Cavalry Regiment 1025:7th Indian Infantry Brigade 748:and New Zealand Divisions. 615:Second Battle of El Alamein 379:Second Battle of El Alamein 245:Second Battle of El Alamein 214:New Zealand Military Forces 95:New Zealand Military Forces 10: 6714: 6239:Naval bombardment of Japan 5607:First Battle of El Alamein 5526:Battle of Christmas Island 5471:Japanese invasion of Burma 5235:Italian invasion of Greece 5151:German invasion of Belgium 5123:German invasion of Denmark 5096:1939–1940 Winter Offensive 4965:Second Italo-Ethiopian War 3229:Comparative military ranks 2642:"2nd New Zealand Division" 1840:Reinforcement Transit Unit 1722:27 (Machine Gun) Battalion 1584:Divisional Provost Company 1551:27th Machine-Gun Battalion 1271:German 5th Panzer Division 1267:First Battle of El Alamein 1263:Oberkommando der Wehrmacht 1225:stream and then the river 1204:27th Machine-Gun Battalion 1058:Advance to the Gothic Line 971:French Expeditionary Corps 855: 768:The division continued to 684: 680: 611:First Battle of El Alamein 608: 562: 505: 452: 375:First Battle of El Alamein 369:(November–December 1941), 328:General Officer Commanding 289: 18:2nd Division (New Zealand) 6630: 6602: 6574: 6565: 6540: 6504: 6476: 6443: 6415: 6406: 6328: 6160:Bratislava–Brno offensive 6100: 6091:Dutch famine of 1944–1945 5828: 5715:Allied invasion of Sicily 5669: 5575:Aleutian Islands campaign 5547:Zhejiang-Jiangxi campaign 5494: 5485:Greek famine of 1941–1944 5380:Second Battle of Changsha 5285:German invasion of Greece 5253: 5130:Battle of Zaoyang–Yichang 5105: 5043: 4938: 4819: 4545: 4455: 4303: 4006: 3997: 3755: 3580: 3472:North and Central Pacific 3433: 3195: 3188: 3115: 2865:. London: Andre Deutsch. 2842:Connell, Charles (1963). 2049:Government of New Zealand 1814:2 NZ Divisional Workshops 1569:Divisional Petrol Company 1408: 1398: 1352:, awarded for actions at 981:between Freyberg and his 929:Second Battle for Cassino 881:and Fifth Army commander 818:advance across the Sangro 806:Allied invasion of Sicily 423:Sir Henry Maitland Wilson 393:(October–December 1943), 381:(October–November 1942), 160: 155: 141: 130: 120: 110: 100: 90: 72: 64: 56: 41: 34: 5752:Allied invasion of Italy 5729:Solomon Islands campaign 5478:Third Battle of Changsha 5075:First Battle of Changsha 4981:Second Sino-Japanese War 3921:German military brothels 3787:United States war crimes 2827:. London: Little Brown. 2582:Playfair Vol III, p. 339 1890:Royal Army Medical Corps 1868: 1775:2 Field Transfusion Unit 1578:4, 5, 6 Field Ambulances 1572:Divisional Supply Column 1480:HQ 4 Infantry Brigade — 1469:HQ Divisional Engineers 1430:HQ Divisional Artillery 1335:Moana-Nui-a-Kiwa Ngarimu 1208:3rd New Zealand Division 742:Operation Supercharge II 361:(March–April 1941), the 199:2nd New Zealand Division 37:2nd New Zealand Division 6174:Second Guangxi campaign 6029:Philippines (1944–1945) 5533:Battle of the Coral Sea 5436:Fall of the Philippines 5082:Battle of South Guangxi 4988:Battles of Khalkhin Gol 4394:Italian Social Republic 2821:Atkinson, Rick (2007). 2163:Stevens (1962), p. 248. 1769:4 Field Hygiene Section 1621:2 NZ Divisional Cavalry 1596:Divisional Salvage Unit 1581:4 Field Hygiene Section 1210:, then fighting in the 1081:. When in May 1944 the 858:Battle of Monte Cassino 792:New Zealand Gunners of 397:(February–March 1944), 395:Battle of Monte Cassino 307:At the outbreak of the 6527:7th Anti-Tank Regiment 6468:28th (Maori) Battalion 5759:Armistice of Cassibile 5561:Battle of Dutch Harbor 5512:Battle of the Java Sea 5415:Attack on Pearl Harbor 5315:Syria–Lebanon campaign 5308:Battle of South Shanxi 5278:Invasion of Yugoslavia 5061:Battle of the Atlantic 4675:Korean Liberation Army 4388:(until September 1943) 4345:(until September 1944) 4323:(until September 1944) 2846:. London: Elek Books. 1963:DiggerHistory.Info Inc 1888:, both doctors in the 1705:HQ 6 Infantry Brigade 1688:HQ 5 Infantry Brigade 1590:Divisional Postal Unit 1556:28th (Māori) Battalion 1461:Papakura Military Camp 1449:7th Anti-Tank Regiment 1298:New Zealand government 1280: 1200:22nd (Motor) Battalion 1179: 1168:Gothic Line to Trieste 1165: 1156: 1115: 1067: 1037:20th Armoured Regiment 1020:19th Armoured Regiment 991:28th (Maori) Battalion 977:differences regarding 853: 797: 766: 606: 565:Battle of Mersa Matruh 534:70th Infantry Division 522:North African Campaign 503: 304: 146:North African Campaign 6688:Crete in World War II 6604:14th Infantry Brigade 5923:Second Battle of Guam 5819:Bengal famine of 1943 5789:Second Battle of Kiev 5745:Battle of the Dnieper 5450:Battle of Wake Island 5322:East African campaign 5264:Battle of South Henan 4909:atrocities by Germans 4682:Korean Volunteer Army 3663:Occupation of Germany 3417:Music in World War II 3058:Stack, Wayne (2013). 2945:Latimer, Jon (2002). 1778:1 Field Surgical Unit 1627:HQ 4 Armoured Brigade 1275: 1261:in his report to the 1175: 1160: 1151: 1107: 1065: 848: 791: 761: 722:Mareth defensive line 600: 501: 302: 280:1945 Spring offensive 137:, Egypt (1940–c.1943) 6631:Divisional Artillery 6576:8th Infantry Brigade 6505:Divisional Artillery 6478:6th Infantry Brigade 6445:5th Infantry Brigade 6417:4th Infantry Brigade 6209:Surrender of Germany 5687:Battle of West Hubei 5644:Guadalcanal campaign 5614:Battle of Stalingrad 5540:Battle of Madagascar 4314:Albania protectorate 4101:(formerly Swaziland) 3810:Wehrmacht war crimes 3626:Expulsion of Germans 3410:Art and World War II 3308:British contribution 3257:Governments in exile 2880:Ewer, Peter (2008). 2859:Ellis, John (1984). 2701:W.E. Murphy (1966). 2674:14 Light AA Regiment 2591:Liddell-Hart, p. 238 1861:7 April 2005 at the 1795:1 Mobile Dental Unit 1731:2 Ammunition Company 1728:1 Ammunition Company 1700:28 (Maori) Battalion 1674:5 Field Park Company 1660:7 Anti-Tank Regiment 1643:22 (Motor) Battalion 1640:20 Armoured Regiment 1637:19 Armoured Regiment 1634:18 Armoured Regiment 1529:6th Infantry Brigade 1506:5th Infantry Brigade 1294:invasion of Normandy 993:tasked to cross the 879:Sir Harold Alexander 810:4th Armoured Brigade 746:British 1st Armoured 687:Battle of El Agheila 675:90th Light Divisions 583:21st Panzer Division 348:6th Infantry Brigade 336:5th Infantry Brigade 332:4th Infantry Brigade 203:New Zealand Division 35:New Zealand Division 6643:38th Field Regiment 6638:17th Field Regiment 6299:Potsdam Declaration 6188:Italy (Spring 1945) 5951:Liberation of Paris 5408:Siege of Sevastopol 4426:(until August 1944) 4329:Wang Jingwei regime 4151:from September 1943 4111:from September 1944 4049:from September 1944 3909:Romanian war crimes 3900:Persecution of Jews 3886:Croatian war crimes 3856:Japanese war crimes 3670:Occupation of Japan 3619:First Indochina War 3331:Military production 3243:Declarations of war 2973:. London: Collins. 2967:Liddell Hart, B. H. 2926:Kay, Robin (1967). 2285:Molony, pp. 706–707 1958:29 May 2010 at the 1882:Arthur Martin-Leake 1834:1 Field Cash Office 1749:Water Issue Section 1292:land forces in the 1079:Richard L. McCreery 822:Moro River Campaign 764:all they have done. 518:British Eighth Army 469:German paratroopers 355:British Eighth Army 324:Bernard C. Freyberg 317:Expeditionary Force 249:British Eighth Army 225:Bernard C. Freyberg 176:Howard Kippenberger 167:Bernard C. Freyberg 125:British Eighth Army 49:Divisional insignia 6522:6th Field Regiment 6517:5th Field Regiment 6512:4th Field Regiment 6292:Surrender of Japan 6125:Battle of Iwo Jima 5974:Belgrade offensive 5387:Siege of Leningrad 5271:Battle of Shanggao 5200:British Somaliland 5165:Dunkirk evacuation 5116:Norwegian campaign 5054:Invasion of Poland 4881:Japanese prisoners 3849:Italian war crimes 3780:British war crimes 3695:Soviet occupations 3479:South-West Pacific 3366:Allied cooperation 3324:Military equipment 2785:. 10 December 2018 2756:. 22 November 2018 2725:. 22 November 2018 2294:Ellis, pp. 165–166 2258:Ellis, pp. 162–163 2173:Jonathan Fennell, 2022:The London Gazette 1993:The London Gazette 1575:Reserve MT Company 1562:Army Service Corps 1477:Divisional Signals 1444:6th Field Regiment 1439:5th Field Regiment 1434:4th Field Regiment 1286:Bernard Montgomery 1180: 1076:Lieutenant-General 1068: 983:7th Indian Brigade 883:Lieutenant General 864:Apennine Mountains 854: 798: 794:6th Field Regiment 696:Bernard Montgomery 693:Lieutenant General 607: 603:88mm anti-tank gun 508:Operation Crusader 504: 494:Operation Crusader 434:I Australian Corps 427:Lieutenant-General 420:Lieutenant-General 405:(April–May 1945). 367:Operation Crusader 315:should provide an 305: 253:advance to Tunisia 222:Lieutenant-General 6660: 6659: 6656: 6655: 6561: 6560: 6541:Divisional Assets 6366: 6365: 6324: 6323: 6167:Battle of Okinawa 6066:Burma (1944–1945) 5900:Mariana and Palau 5680:Tunisian campaign 5505:Fall of Singapore 5429:Fall of Hong Kong 5172:Battle of Britain 5025:Operation Himmler 4934: 4933: 4598:Dutch East Indies 4241:Southern Rhodesia 3993: 3992: 3893:Genocide of Serbs 3796:German war crimes 3773:Soviet war crimes 3766:Allied war crimes 3612:Division of Korea 3591:Chinese Civil War 3389:Strategic bombing 3301:Manhattan Project 3069:978-1-78096-111-8 3014:Butler, Sir James 2988:Butler, Sir James 2971:The Rommel Papers 2891:978-1-921215-29-2 2834:978-0-8050-6289-2 2375:Ellis pp. 221–222 2231:Ellis pp. 161–162 1766:6 Field Ambulance 1763:5 Field Ambulance 1760:4 Field Ambulance 1666:36 Survey Battery 1618:HQ 2 NZ Division 1472:5,6,7,8 Companies 1459:- established at 1418: 1417: 1127:Sidney C. Kirkman 969:, commanding the 922:New Zealand Corps 890:Winston Churchill 549:Operation Cascade 409:Defence of Greece 340:British VII Corps 261:New Zealand Corps 192: 191: 16:(Redirected from 6705: 6572: 6571: 6413: 6412: 6393: 6386: 6379: 6370: 6369: 6359: 6352: 6345: 6342:World portal 6340: 6339: 6315: 6308: 6301: 6294: 6285: 6278: 6271: 6262: 6255: 6248: 6241: 6234: 6227: 6218: 6211: 6204: 6202:Prague offensive 6197: 6195:Battle of Berlin 6190: 6183: 6176: 6169: 6162: 6155: 6148: 6141: 6139:Vienna offensive 6134: 6127: 6120: 6118:Battle of Manila 6113: 6093: 6084: 6075: 6068: 6059: 6052: 6045: 6038: 6031: 6024: 6017: 6008: 5999: 5992: 5983: 5976: 5969: 5962: 5953: 5946: 5939: 5932: 5925: 5918: 5911: 5902: 5895: 5886: 5877: 5868: 5861: 5859:Korsun–Cherkassy 5854: 5843: 5821: 5812: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5761: 5754: 5747: 5740: 5731: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5703: 5701:Bombing of Gorky 5696: 5689: 5682: 5662: 5655: 5646: 5639: 5632: 5623: 5616: 5609: 5602: 5591: 5584: 5577: 5570: 5568:Battle of Midway 5563: 5556: 5554:Battle of Gazala 5549: 5542: 5535: 5528: 5521: 5514: 5507: 5487: 5480: 5473: 5466: 5464:Battle of Borneo 5459: 5457:Malayan campaign 5452: 5445: 5438: 5431: 5424: 5417: 5410: 5403: 5401:Bombing of Gorky 5396: 5394:Battle of Moscow 5389: 5382: 5375: 5368: 5361: 5354: 5338: 5331: 5324: 5317: 5310: 5303: 5294: 5287: 5280: 5273: 5266: 5246: 5237: 5230: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5202: 5195: 5188: 5181: 5174: 5167: 5160: 5158:Battle of France 5153: 5146: 5139: 5132: 5125: 5118: 5098: 5091: 5084: 5077: 5070: 5063: 5056: 5034: 5027: 5020: 5013: 5011:Munich Agreement 5006: 4999: 4990: 4983: 4976: 4967: 4960: 4945: 4944: 4927: 4920: 4911: 4904: 4897: 4896:Soviet prisoners 4890: 4883: 4876: 4867: 4860: 4851: 4844: 4837: 4836:German prisoners 4832: 4812: 4803: 4796: 4789: 4784: 4777: 4770: 4763: 4756: 4749: 4742: 4735: 4728: 4721: 4714: 4707: 4700: 4693: 4684: 4677: 4670: 4663: 4656: 4649: 4642: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4614: 4607: 4600: 4593: 4586: 4579: 4572: 4565: 4558: 4538: 4531: 4524: 4517: 4510: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4482: 4475: 4468: 4448: 4441: 4434: 4427: 4419: 4412: 4405: 4396: 4389: 4381: 4374: 4372:French Indochina 4367: 4360: 4353: 4346: 4338: 4331: 4324: 4316: 4296: 4287: 4280: 4271: 4264: 4257: 4250: 4243: 4236: 4229: 4222: 4219:from August 1944 4210: 4203: 4196: 4189: 4182: 4175: 4168: 4161: 4154: 4142: 4135: 4128: 4121: 4114: 4102: 4094: 4087: 4080: 4073: 4066: 4059: 4052: 4040: 4033: 4026: 4019: 4004: 4003: 3984: 3977: 3970: 3963: 3956: 3945: 3930: 3923: 3916: 3911: 3902: 3895: 3888: 3879: 3872: 3865: 3863:Nanjing Massacre 3858: 3851: 3842: 3840:Nuremberg trials 3833: 3826: 3819: 3812: 3805: 3798: 3789: 3782: 3775: 3768: 3748: 3741: 3734: 3725: 3718: 3711: 3704: 3697: 3690: 3681: 3672: 3665: 3658: 3651: 3642: 3635: 3628: 3621: 3614: 3607: 3600: 3593: 3573: 3564: 3557: 3550: 3541: 3534: 3527: 3520: 3511: 3504: 3497: 3488: 3481: 3474: 3467: 3460: 3453: 3446: 3444:Asia and Pacific 3426: 3419: 3412: 3405: 3398: 3391: 3384: 3375: 3373:Mulberry harbour 3368: 3361: 3354: 3347: 3340: 3333: 3326: 3319: 3310: 3303: 3296: 3287: 3280: 3273: 3266: 3259: 3252: 3245: 3238: 3231: 3224: 3215: 3208: 3193: 3192: 3181: 3174: 3165: 3158: 3151: 3144: 3137: 3130: 3123: 3102: 3095: 3088: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3054: 3031: 3005: 2982: 2962: 2941: 2922: 2903: 2876: 2855: 2838: 2807: 2801: 2795: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2775: 2766: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2746: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2715: 2709: 2708: 2694: 2688: 2682: 2676: 2671: 2665: 2659: 2653: 2652: 2650: 2648: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2629: 2627: 2616: 2610: 2607: 2601: 2598: 2592: 2589: 2583: 2580: 2574: 2568: 2562: 2556: 2550: 2544: 2538: 2532: 2526: 2520: 2514: 2508: 2502: 2496: 2487: 2481: 2475: 2469: 2463: 2457: 2451: 2445: 2439: 2436: 2430: 2427: 2421: 2418: 2412: 2409: 2403: 2400: 2394: 2391: 2385: 2382: 2376: 2373: 2367: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2340: 2337: 2331: 2328: 2322: 2319: 2313: 2310: 2304: 2301: 2295: 2292: 2286: 2283: 2277: 2274: 2268: 2265: 2259: 2256: 2250: 2247: 2241: 2238: 2232: 2229: 2223: 2220: 2214: 2211: 2205: 2204: 2202: 2200: 2193:Defence-In-Depth 2184: 2178: 2171: 2165: 2160: 2154: 2148: 2142: 2136: 2130: 2124: 2115: 2109: 2103: 2097: 2091: 2085: 2079: 2076: 2070: 2067: 2061: 2060: 2058: 2056: 2033: 2027: 2026: 2013: 2007: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1984: 1978: 1971: 1965: 1950: 1944: 1941: 1935: 1932: 1916: 1909: 1903: 1899: 1893: 1878: 1737:1 Supply Company 1734:1 Petrol Company 1657:6 Field Regiment 1654:5 Field Regiment 1651:4 Field Regiment 1389: 1388: 1184:I Canadian Corps 1094:to take part in 1042:XIV Panzer Corps 999:German 10th Army 814:Italian Campaign 784:Italian Campaign 770:fight in Tunisia 639:was awarded the 542:Second World War 483:Victoria Crosses 438:Battle of Greece 359:Battle of Greece 309:Second World War 218:Second World War 201:, initially the 181:Graham Parkinson 83: 81: 80: 46: 32: 31: 21: 6713: 6712: 6708: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6703: 6702: 6663: 6662: 6661: 6652: 6626: 6598: 6557: 6536: 6500: 6472: 6439: 6402: 6397: 6367: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6334: 6332: 6320: 6311: 6304: 6297: 6290: 6281: 6274: 6267: 6258: 6253:Atomic bombings 6251: 6244: 6237: 6230: 6223: 6214: 6207: 6200: 6193: 6186: 6179: 6172: 6165: 6158: 6151: 6144: 6137: 6130: 6123: 6116: 6109: 6096: 6089: 6078: 6071: 6064: 6055: 6048: 6041: 6034: 6027: 6020: 6011: 6002: 5995: 5986: 5979: 5972: 5965: 5956: 5949: 5944:Eastern Romania 5942: 5937:Warsaw Uprising 5935: 5930:Tannenberg Line 5928: 5921: 5916:Western Ukraine 5914: 5905: 5898: 5889: 5880: 5871: 5864: 5857: 5846: 5837: 5824: 5817: 5808: 5801: 5794: 5787: 5780: 5773: 5766: 5757: 5750: 5743: 5734: 5727: 5720: 5713: 5708:Battle of Kursk 5706: 5699: 5692: 5685: 5678: 5665: 5658: 5649: 5642: 5635: 5626: 5619: 5612: 5605: 5596: 5587: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5559: 5552: 5545: 5538: 5531: 5524: 5519:St Nazaire Raid 5517: 5510: 5503: 5490: 5483: 5476: 5469: 5462: 5455: 5448: 5441: 5434: 5427: 5420: 5413: 5406: 5399: 5392: 5385: 5378: 5371: 5364: 5357: 5343: 5334: 5327: 5320: 5313: 5306: 5301:Anglo-Iraqi War 5299: 5292:Battle of Crete 5290: 5283: 5276: 5269: 5262: 5249: 5240: 5233: 5226: 5221:Eastern Romania 5219: 5212: 5205: 5198: 5191: 5184: 5177: 5170: 5163: 5156: 5149: 5142: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5101: 5094: 5087: 5080: 5073: 5066: 5059: 5052: 5039: 5030: 5023: 5016: 5009: 5002: 4995: 4986: 4979: 4972: 4963: 4956: 4930: 4923: 4916: 4907: 4900: 4895: 4886: 4879: 4872: 4863: 4856: 4847: 4840: 4835: 4828: 4815: 4808: 4799: 4792: 4787: 4782:Western Ukraine 4780: 4773: 4766: 4759: 4752: 4745: 4738: 4731: 4726:Northeast China 4724: 4717: 4710: 4703: 4696: 4689: 4680: 4673: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4624: 4617: 4610: 4603: 4596: 4589: 4582: 4575: 4568: 4561: 4554: 4541: 4534: 4527: 4520: 4513: 4506: 4499: 4492: 4485: 4478: 4471: 4464: 4451: 4444: 4437: 4432:Slovak Republic 4430: 4422: 4415: 4408: 4403:Empire of Japan 4401: 4392: 4384: 4377: 4370: 4363: 4356: 4349: 4341: 4334: 4327: 4319: 4312: 4299: 4292: 4283: 4276: 4267: 4260: 4253: 4246: 4239: 4232: 4225: 4213: 4206: 4199: 4192: 4185: 4178: 4171: 4164: 4157: 4145: 4138: 4131: 4124: 4117: 4105: 4097: 4090: 4083: 4076: 4069: 4062: 4055: 4043: 4036: 4029: 4022: 4015: 3989: 3980: 3973: 3966: 3959: 3948: 3933: 3926: 3919: 3915:Sexual violence 3914: 3907: 3898: 3891: 3884: 3875: 3868: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3838: 3829: 3822: 3815: 3808: 3801: 3794: 3785: 3778: 3771: 3764: 3751: 3744: 3737: 3730: 3721: 3714: 3707: 3700: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3668: 3661: 3654: 3645: 3638: 3633:Greek Civil War 3631: 3624: 3617: 3610: 3603: 3596: 3589: 3576: 3569: 3560: 3553: 3546: 3537: 3530: 3523: 3516: 3507: 3500: 3493: 3484: 3477: 3470: 3463: 3458:South-East Asia 3456: 3449: 3442: 3429: 3422: 3415: 3408: 3401: 3394: 3387: 3380: 3371: 3364: 3357: 3350: 3343: 3336: 3329: 3322: 3317:Military awards 3315: 3306: 3299: 3292: 3283: 3276: 3269: 3262: 3255: 3248: 3241: 3234: 3227: 3220: 3211: 3204: 3184: 3177: 3170: 3161: 3154: 3147: 3142: 3133: 3126: 3119: 3111: 3106: 3076: 3070: 3028: 3002: 2959: 2892: 2873: 2835: 2816: 2811: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2788: 2786: 2777: 2776: 2769: 2759: 2757: 2748: 2747: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2695: 2691: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2668: 2660: 2656: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2625: 2623: 2618: 2617: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2599: 2595: 2590: 2586: 2581: 2577: 2569: 2565: 2557: 2553: 2545: 2541: 2533: 2529: 2521: 2517: 2509: 2505: 2497: 2490: 2482: 2478: 2470: 2466: 2458: 2454: 2446: 2442: 2437: 2433: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2415: 2410: 2406: 2401: 2397: 2392: 2388: 2383: 2379: 2374: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2343: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2325: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2307: 2302: 2298: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2280: 2275: 2271: 2266: 2262: 2257: 2253: 2248: 2244: 2240:Atkinson p. 411 2239: 2235: 2230: 2226: 2221: 2217: 2212: 2208: 2198: 2196: 2185: 2181: 2172: 2168: 2161: 2157: 2149: 2145: 2137: 2133: 2125: 2118: 2110: 2106: 2098: 2094: 2086: 2082: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2064: 2054: 2052: 2034: 2030: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1985: 1981: 1972: 1968: 1960:Wayback Machine 1951: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1933: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1910: 1906: 1900: 1896: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1863:Wayback Machine 1847: 1683:8 Field Company 1680:7 Field Company 1677:6 Field Company 1612: 1419: 1414: 1404: 1403:2nd Anzac Corps 1394: 1386: 1381: 1379:Order of battle 1346:Māori Battalion 1255: 1247:Josip Broz Tito 1192:British V Corps 1178: 1170: 1111:18 NZ Armd Regt 1074:, commanded by 1060: 1008: 960:frontal assault 940:landed at Anzio 931: 915:as well as the 872:15th Army Group 868:U.S. Fifth Army 860: 843: 834:Furlough Mutiny 786: 734:British X Corps 689: 683: 623:, commanded by 617: 609:Main articles: 605:near El Alamein 595: 567: 561: 514:order of battle 510: 496: 491: 457: 455:Battle of Crete 451: 449:Battle of Crete 411: 363:Battle of Crete 297: 292: 227:. It fought in 195: 184: 179: 174: 169: 162: 78: 76: 52: 36: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6711: 6701: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6658: 6657: 6654: 6653: 6651: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6634: 6632: 6628: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6622:37th Battalion 6619: 6617:35th Battalion 6614: 6612:30th Battalion 6608: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6594:36th Battalion 6591: 6589:34th Battalion 6586: 6584:29th Battalion 6580: 6578: 6569: 6563: 6562: 6559: 6558: 6556: 6555: 6550: 6544: 6542: 6538: 6537: 6535: 6534: 6529: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6508: 6506: 6502: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6496:26th Battalion 6493: 6491:25th Battalion 6488: 6486:24th Battalion 6482: 6480: 6474: 6473: 6471: 6470: 6465: 6463:23rd Battalion 6460: 6458:22nd Battalion 6455: 6453:21st Battalion 6449: 6447: 6441: 6440: 6438: 6437: 6435:20th Battalion 6432: 6430:19th Battalion 6427: 6425:18th Battalion 6421: 6419: 6410: 6404: 6403: 6396: 6395: 6388: 6381: 6373: 6364: 6363: 6361: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6329: 6326: 6325: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6309: 6302: 6288: 6287: 6286: 6272: 6269:South Sakhalin 6265: 6264: 6263: 6249: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6221: 6220: 6219: 6205: 6198: 6191: 6184: 6177: 6170: 6163: 6156: 6149: 6142: 6135: 6128: 6121: 6114: 6106: 6104: 6098: 6097: 6095: 6094: 6087: 6086: 6085: 6069: 6062: 6061: 6060: 6046: 6039: 6032: 6025: 6018: 6009: 6000: 5993: 5984: 5977: 5970: 5963: 5954: 5947: 5940: 5933: 5926: 5919: 5912: 5903: 5896: 5887: 5878: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5844: 5834: 5832: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5822: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5806: 5792: 5785: 5778: 5771: 5764: 5763: 5762: 5748: 5741: 5732: 5725: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5697: 5694:Battle of Attu 5690: 5683: 5675: 5673: 5667: 5666: 5664: 5663: 5656: 5647: 5640: 5633: 5624: 5617: 5610: 5603: 5594: 5593: 5592: 5585: 5571: 5564: 5557: 5550: 5543: 5536: 5529: 5522: 5515: 5508: 5500: 5498: 5492: 5491: 5489: 5488: 5481: 5474: 5467: 5460: 5453: 5446: 5443:Battle of Guam 5439: 5432: 5425: 5418: 5411: 5404: 5397: 5390: 5383: 5376: 5369: 5366:Battle of Kiev 5362: 5355: 5341: 5340: 5339: 5325: 5318: 5311: 5304: 5297: 5296: 5295: 5281: 5274: 5267: 5259: 5257: 5251: 5250: 5248: 5247: 5238: 5231: 5224: 5217: 5210: 5203: 5196: 5189: 5182: 5175: 5168: 5161: 5154: 5147: 5140: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5111: 5109: 5103: 5102: 5100: 5099: 5092: 5085: 5078: 5071: 5064: 5057: 5049: 5047: 5041: 5040: 5038: 5037: 5036: 5035: 5028: 5021: 5014: 5007: 4993: 4992: 4991: 4984: 4970: 4969: 4968: 4953: 4951: 4942: 4936: 4935: 4932: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4921: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4905: 4893: 4892: 4891: 4877: 4870: 4869: 4868: 4865:United Kingdom 4861: 4854: 4853: 4852: 4833: 4825: 4823: 4817: 4816: 4814: 4813: 4806: 4805: 4804: 4797: 4785: 4778: 4771: 4764: 4757: 4750: 4743: 4736: 4729: 4722: 4715: 4708: 4701: 4694: 4687: 4686: 4685: 4678: 4664: 4657: 4650: 4643: 4636: 4629: 4622: 4615: 4608: 4601: 4594: 4587: 4580: 4573: 4566: 4559: 4551: 4549: 4543: 4542: 4540: 4539: 4532: 4525: 4518: 4511: 4504: 4497: 4490: 4483: 4476: 4469: 4461: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4449: 4442: 4435: 4428: 4420: 4413: 4406: 4399: 4398: 4397: 4382: 4375: 4368: 4361: 4354: 4347: 4339: 4332: 4325: 4317: 4309: 4307: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4290: 4289: 4288: 4274: 4273: 4272: 4269:British Empire 4262:United Kingdom 4258: 4251: 4244: 4237: 4230: 4223: 4211: 4204: 4197: 4190: 4183: 4176: 4169: 4162: 4155: 4143: 4136: 4129: 4122: 4115: 4103: 4095: 4088: 4081: 4078:Czechoslovakia 4074: 4067: 4060: 4053: 4041: 4034: 4027: 4020: 4012: 4010: 4001: 3995: 3994: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3987: 3986: 3985: 3978: 3975:Rape of Manila 3971: 3964: 3957: 3946: 3931: 3924: 3912: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3896: 3882: 3881: 3880: 3873: 3866: 3852: 3845: 3844: 3843: 3836: 3835: 3834: 3827: 3813: 3806: 3792: 3791: 3790: 3783: 3776: 3761: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3749: 3746:United Nations 3742: 3735: 3728: 3727: 3726: 3719: 3712: 3705: 3691: 3682: 3673: 3666: 3659: 3652: 3643: 3636: 3629: 3622: 3615: 3608: 3605:Decolonization 3601: 3594: 3586: 3584: 3578: 3577: 3575: 3574: 3567: 3566: 3565: 3551: 3544: 3543: 3542: 3535: 3528: 3514: 3513: 3512: 3505: 3491: 3490: 3489: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3461: 3454: 3439: 3437: 3431: 3430: 3428: 3427: 3420: 3413: 3406: 3399: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3377: 3376: 3369: 3355: 3348: 3341: 3334: 3327: 3320: 3313: 3312: 3311: 3297: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3281: 3278:United Kingdom 3274: 3260: 3253: 3246: 3239: 3232: 3225: 3218: 3217: 3216: 3201: 3199: 3190: 3186: 3185: 3183: 3182: 3175: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3159: 3152: 3140: 3139: 3138: 3124: 3116: 3113: 3112: 3105: 3104: 3097: 3090: 3082: 3075: 3074: 3068: 3055: 3032: 3026: 3006: 3000: 2983: 2969:, ed. (1953). 2963: 2957: 2942: 2923: 2904: 2890: 2877: 2871: 2856: 2839: 2833: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2809: 2808: 2796: 2767: 2736: 2710: 2689: 2677: 2666: 2654: 2633: 2622:. bookrags.com 2611: 2602: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2563: 2551: 2539: 2527: 2515: 2503: 2488: 2476: 2464: 2452: 2440: 2431: 2422: 2413: 2404: 2395: 2386: 2377: 2368: 2359: 2350: 2341: 2332: 2323: 2314: 2305: 2296: 2287: 2278: 2276:Molony, p. 706 2269: 2260: 2251: 2242: 2233: 2224: 2215: 2206: 2179: 2166: 2155: 2143: 2131: 2116: 2104: 2092: 2080: 2078:Latimer p. 290 2071: 2062: 2028: 2008: 1999: 1979: 1966: 1945: 1936: 1926: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1917: 1904: 1894: 1872: 1870: 1867: 1866: 1865: 1853: 1846: 1843: 1842: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1827: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1790: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1741: 1738: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1703: 1702: 1701: 1698: 1695: 1692: 1686: 1685: 1684: 1681: 1678: 1675: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1661: 1658: 1655: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1641: 1638: 1635: 1632: 1624: 1623: 1622: 1611: 1608: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1591: 1588: 1585: 1582: 1579: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1567: 1564: 1560:HQ Divisional 1558: 1553: 1548: 1547: 1546: 1544:26th Battalion 1541: 1539:25th Battalion 1536: 1534:24th Battalion 1525: 1524: 1523: 1521:23rd Battalion 1518: 1516:22nd Battalion 1513: 1511:21st Battalion 1502: 1501: 1500: 1498:20th Battalion 1495: 1493:19th Battalion 1490: 1488:18th Battalion 1478: 1475: 1474: 1473: 1467: 1466: 1465: 1454: 1453:1 Survey Troop 1451: 1446: 1441: 1436: 1428: 1416: 1415: 1412: 1410: 1406: 1405: 1402: 1400: 1396: 1395: 1385: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1358:Brian Horrocks 1339:Lance Sergeant 1254: 1251: 1176: 1169: 1166: 1131:Trasimene Line 1103:Dudley Russell 1059: 1056: 1016:6th NZ Brigade 1007: 1004: 1002:on Point 593. 951:month before. 930: 927: 904:Geoffrey Keyes 856:Main article: 842: 839: 800:Following the 785: 782: 753:Supercharge II 751:At the end of 738:Brian Horrocks 685:Main article: 682: 679: 656:22nd Battalion 629:Ruweisat Ridge 594: 591: 571:Gazala battles 563:Main article: 560: 557: 528:frontier into 506:Main article: 495: 492: 490: 487: 453:Main article: 450: 447: 410: 407: 403:Adriatic Coast 296: 293: 291: 288: 237:Western Desert 193: 190: 189: 171:Lindsay Inglis 164: 158: 157: 153: 152: 143: 139: 138: 132: 128: 127: 122: 118: 117: 112: 108: 107: 102: 98: 97: 92: 88: 87: 74: 70: 69: 66: 62: 61: 58: 54: 53: 47: 39: 38: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6710: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6670: 6668: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6635: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6601: 6595: 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6554: 6551: 6549: 6546: 6545: 6543: 6539: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6503: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6487: 6484: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6475: 6469: 6466: 6464: 6461: 6459: 6456: 6454: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6446: 6442: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6422: 6420: 6418: 6414: 6411: 6409: 6405: 6401: 6394: 6389: 6387: 6382: 6380: 6375: 6374: 6371: 6358: 6354: 6351: 6347: 6344: 6343: 6338: 6331: 6330: 6327: 6314: 6310: 6307: 6303: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6293: 6289: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276:Kuril Islands 6273: 6270: 6266: 6261: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6250: 6247: 6243: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6229: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6213: 6212: 6210: 6206: 6203: 6199: 6196: 6192: 6189: 6185: 6182: 6178: 6175: 6171: 6168: 6164: 6161: 6157: 6154: 6150: 6147: 6143: 6140: 6136: 6133: 6129: 6126: 6122: 6119: 6115: 6112: 6108: 6107: 6105: 6103: 6099: 6092: 6088: 6083: 6082: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6070: 6067: 6063: 6058: 6054: 6053: 6051: 6047: 6044: 6043:Syrmian Front 6040: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6026: 6023: 6019: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6007: 6006: 6001: 5998: 5994: 5991: 5990: 5989:Market Garden 5985: 5982: 5978: 5975: 5971: 5968: 5964: 5961: 5960: 5955: 5952: 5948: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5934: 5931: 5927: 5924: 5920: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5904: 5901: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5876: 5875: 5870: 5867: 5863: 5860: 5856: 5853: 5849: 5848:Monte Cassino 5845: 5842: 5841: 5836: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5820: 5816: 5811: 5807: 5804: 5800: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5790: 5786: 5783: 5779: 5776: 5772: 5769: 5765: 5760: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5749: 5746: 5742: 5739: 5738: 5733: 5730: 5726: 5723: 5719: 5716: 5712: 5709: 5705: 5702: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5684: 5681: 5677: 5676: 5674: 5672: 5668: 5661: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5648: 5645: 5641: 5638: 5634: 5631: 5630: 5625: 5622: 5618: 5615: 5611: 5608: 5604: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5579: 5578: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5558: 5555: 5551: 5548: 5544: 5541: 5537: 5534: 5530: 5527: 5523: 5520: 5516: 5513: 5509: 5506: 5502: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5493: 5486: 5482: 5479: 5475: 5472: 5468: 5465: 5461: 5458: 5454: 5451: 5447: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5426: 5423: 5419: 5416: 5412: 5409: 5405: 5402: 5398: 5395: 5391: 5388: 5384: 5381: 5377: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5356: 5352: 5351: 5346: 5342: 5337: 5333: 5332: 5330: 5326: 5323: 5319: 5316: 5312: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5298: 5293: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5282: 5279: 5275: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5261: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5252: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5236: 5232: 5229: 5225: 5222: 5218: 5215: 5214:Baltic states 5211: 5208: 5204: 5201: 5197: 5194: 5190: 5187: 5183: 5180: 5176: 5173: 5169: 5166: 5162: 5159: 5155: 5152: 5148: 5145: 5141: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5127: 5124: 5120: 5117: 5113: 5112: 5110: 5108: 5104: 5097: 5093: 5090: 5086: 5083: 5079: 5076: 5072: 5069: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5055: 5051: 5050: 5048: 5046: 5042: 5033: 5029: 5026: 5022: 5019: 5015: 5012: 5008: 5005: 5001: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4989: 4985: 4982: 4978: 4977: 4975: 4971: 4966: 4962: 4961: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4937: 4926: 4922: 4919: 4915: 4910: 4906: 4903: 4899: 4898: 4894: 4889: 4885: 4884: 4882: 4878: 4875: 4871: 4866: 4862: 4859: 4858:United States 4855: 4850: 4846: 4845: 4843: 4839: 4838: 4834: 4831: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4818: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4795: 4794:Quốc dân Đảng 4791: 4790: 4786: 4783: 4779: 4776: 4772: 4769: 4765: 4762: 4758: 4755: 4751: 4748: 4744: 4741: 4737: 4734: 4730: 4727: 4723: 4720: 4716: 4713: 4709: 4706: 4702: 4699: 4695: 4692: 4688: 4683: 4679: 4676: 4672: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4655: 4651: 4648: 4644: 4641: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4623: 4620: 4616: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4602: 4599: 4595: 4592: 4588: 4585: 4581: 4578: 4574: 4571: 4567: 4564: 4560: 4557: 4553: 4552: 4550: 4548: 4544: 4537: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4523: 4519: 4516: 4512: 4509: 4505: 4502: 4498: 4495: 4494:Liechtenstein 4491: 4488: 4484: 4481: 4477: 4474: 4470: 4467: 4463: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4443: 4440: 4436: 4433: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4418: 4414: 4411: 4407: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4391: 4390: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4376: 4373: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4355: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4337: 4333: 4330: 4326: 4322: 4318: 4315: 4311: 4310: 4308: 4306: 4302: 4295: 4291: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4278:United States 4275: 4270: 4266: 4265: 4263: 4259: 4256: 4252: 4249: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4216: 4212: 4209: 4205: 4202: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4188: 4184: 4181: 4177: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4163: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4141: 4137: 4134: 4130: 4127: 4123: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4093: 4089: 4086: 4082: 4079: 4075: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4058: 4054: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4039: 4035: 4032: 4028: 4025: 4021: 4018: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3996: 3983: 3979: 3976: 3972: 3969: 3968:Comfort women 3965: 3962: 3958: 3955: 3952: / 3951: 3947: 3944: 3941: / 3940: 3937: / 3936: 3932: 3929: 3928:Camp brothels 3925: 3922: 3918: 3917: 3913: 3910: 3906: 3901: 3897: 3894: 3890: 3889: 3887: 3883: 3878: 3874: 3871: 3867: 3864: 3860: 3859: 3857: 3853: 3850: 3846: 3841: 3837: 3832: 3828: 3825: 3821: 3820: 3818: 3817:The Holocaust 3814: 3811: 3807: 3804: 3803:forced labour 3800: 3799: 3797: 3793: 3788: 3784: 3781: 3777: 3774: 3770: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3762: 3760: 3758: 3754: 3747: 3743: 3740: 3736: 3733: 3729: 3724: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3710: 3706: 3703: 3699: 3698: 3696: 3692: 3689: 3688: 3683: 3680: 3679: 3674: 3671: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3657: 3656:Marshall Plan 3653: 3650: 3649: 3644: 3641: 3637: 3634: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3620: 3616: 3613: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3595: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3585: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3552: 3549: 3545: 3540: 3536: 3533: 3529: 3526: 3522: 3521: 3519: 3515: 3510: 3509:Eastern Front 3506: 3503: 3502:Western Front 3499: 3498: 3496: 3492: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3466: 3462: 3459: 3455: 3452: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3421: 3418: 3414: 3411: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3397: 3396:Puppet states 3393: 3390: 3386: 3383: 3379: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3363: 3362: 3360: 3356: 3353: 3349: 3346: 3342: 3339: 3338:Naval history 3335: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3309: 3305: 3304: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3291: 3286: 3285:United States 3282: 3279: 3275: 3272: 3268: 3267: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3223: 3219: 3214: 3210: 3209: 3207: 3203: 3202: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3176: 3173: 3169: 3164: 3160: 3157: 3153: 3150: 3146: 3145: 3141: 3136: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3117: 3114: 3110: 3103: 3098: 3096: 3091: 3089: 3084: 3083: 3080: 3071: 3065: 3061: 3056: 3052: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3039: 3033: 3029: 3027:1-84574-067-X 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 3001:1-84574-069-6 2997: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2980: 2976: 2972: 2968: 2964: 2960: 2958:0-674-01016-7 2954: 2950: 2949: 2943: 2939: 2935: 2931: 2930: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2912: 2911: 2905: 2901: 2897: 2893: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2872:0-07-019427-0 2868: 2864: 2863: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2840: 2836: 2830: 2826: 2825: 2819: 2818: 2806: 2800: 2784: 2780: 2774: 2772: 2755: 2751: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2724: 2720: 2714: 2706: 2705: 2698: 2693: 2686: 2681: 2675: 2670: 2664: 2658: 2643: 2637: 2621: 2615: 2606: 2597: 2588: 2579: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2555: 2549: 2543: 2537: 2531: 2525: 2519: 2513: 2507: 2501: 2495: 2493: 2486: 2480: 2474: 2468: 2462: 2456: 2450: 2444: 2438:Connell p. 58 2435: 2426: 2417: 2408: 2399: 2390: 2381: 2372: 2366:Molony p. 777 2363: 2354: 2348:Ellis, p. 191 2345: 2339:Ellis, p. 185 2336: 2330:Molony p. 712 2327: 2321:Ellis, p. 184 2318: 2312:Ellis, p. 182 2309: 2300: 2291: 2282: 2273: 2267:Ellis, p. 163 2264: 2255: 2246: 2237: 2228: 2219: 2213:Ellis, p. 159 2210: 2194: 2190: 2183: 2176: 2170: 2164: 2159: 2153: 2147: 2141: 2135: 2129: 2123: 2121: 2114: 2108: 2102: 2096: 2090: 2084: 2075: 2066: 2050: 2046: 2044: 2039: 2032: 2024: 2023: 2018: 2012: 2003: 1995: 1994: 1989: 1983: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1957: 1954: 1949: 1940: 1931: 1927: 1914: 1908: 1898: 1891: 1887: 1886:Noel Chavasse 1883: 1877: 1873: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1854: 1852: 1849: 1848: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1812: 1810: 1805: 1802: 1801: 1799: 1794: 1793: 1791: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1721: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1707: 1706: 1704: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1682: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1653: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1642: 1639: 1636: 1633: 1630: 1629: 1628: 1625: 1620: 1619: 1617: 1616: 1615: 1604: 1601: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1580: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1568: 1565: 1563: 1559: 1557: 1554: 1552: 1549: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1531: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1519: 1517: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1508: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1496: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1476: 1471: 1470: 1468: 1462: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1450: 1447: 1445: 1442: 1440: 1437: 1435: 1432: 1431: 1429: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1422: 1411: 1407: 1401: 1397: 1390: 1376: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1331:Keith Elliott 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1311:Charles Upham 1309: 1305: 1304:at the time. 1303: 1302:Monte Cassino 1299: 1295: 1291: 1287: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1264: 1260: 1250: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1219: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1174: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1114: 1112: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1100:Major-General 1097: 1093: 1089: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1064: 1055: 1052: 1046: 1043: 1038: 1032: 1028: 1026: 1021: 1017: 1012: 1003: 1000: 996: 992: 986: 984: 980: 974: 972: 968: 965: 961: 957: 956:Francis Tuker 954: 953:Major-General 948: 945: 941: 937: 936:U.S. VI Corps 926: 923: 918: 914: 909: 908:U.S. II Corps 905: 902: 901:Major General 898: 895: 891: 887: 886:Mark W. Clark 884: 880: 877: 873: 869: 865: 859: 851: 847: 841:Monte Cassino 838: 835: 829: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 807: 803: 795: 790: 781: 777: 775: 771: 765: 760: 758: 754: 749: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 718: 716: 711: 707: 706:on the 12th. 705: 701: 697: 694: 688: 678: 676: 672: 668: 663: 661: 657: 653: 652:Keith Elliott 650: 646: 642: 638: 637:Charles Upham 634: 630: 626: 622: 616: 612: 604: 599: 590: 588: 584: 580: 576: 572: 566: 556: 554: 550: 545: 543: 539: 535: 531: 527: 523: 519: 515: 509: 500: 486: 484: 480: 479:Charles Upham 475: 470: 465: 463: 462:Allied forces 456: 446: 443: 439: 435: 431: 430:Thomas Blamey 428: 424: 421: 417: 406: 404: 400: 399:Central Italy 396: 392: 388: 384: 380: 377:(July 1942), 376: 373:(June 1942), 372: 368: 364: 360: 356: 351: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 322: 321:Major-General 318: 314: 310: 301: 287: 285: 281: 278: 274: 270: 269:Monte Cassino 266: 262: 256: 254: 250: 246: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 223: 219: 215: 211: 208: 204: 200: 194:Military unit 187: 182: 177: 172: 168: 165: 159: 154: 151: 150:Italy 1943–45 147: 144: 140: 136: 133: 129: 126: 123: 119: 116: 113: 109: 106: 103: 99: 96: 93: 89: 86: 75: 71: 67: 63: 59: 55: 50: 45: 40: 33: 30: 19: 6567:3rd Division 6408:2nd Division 6407: 6350:Bibliography 6333: 6146:Project Hula 6111:Vistula–Oder 6080: 6013: 6004: 5988: 5958: 5907: 5891: 5882: 5873: 5839: 5736: 5651: 5627: 5597: 5348: 5241: 5186:North Africa 4888:Soviet Union 4842:Soviet Union 4768:Soviet Union 4536:Vatican City 4446:Vichy France 4351:German Reich 4248:Soviet Union 4234:South Africa 4227:Sierra Leone 4180:Newfoundland 3999:Participants 3982:Marocchinate 3686: 3677: 3647: 3525:North Africa 3486:Indian Ocean 3345:Nazi plunder 3236:Cryptography 3109:World War II 3059: 3037: 3017: 2991: 2970: 2947: 2928: 2909: 2881: 2861: 2843: 2823: 2805:Appendix III 2799: 2787:. 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2nd New Zealand Division

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