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314:
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protesters amongst them a pregnant women, old ladies, a journalist, young men and women, we should carry on protesting until we get our rights." The next day the activist blogger
Hchicha called for alternative marches on Friday as well, meant to attract people wanting a change of system but distrusting the political parties involved in the CNCD. Elias Filali reported that police had used tear gas to disperse protesters and to evict families who had occupied newly constructed homes overnight in Algiers.
36:
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fair, peaceful and sustainable development of the country. It is but a first step in responding to the legitimate democratic aspirations of the
Algerian people, but even this step has yet to materialise. Opposition groups, civil society, and especially young people should have the right to freely express their criticism of the government. No government can ignore the call of its people."
445:, their wider political implications are not yet clear. The rioters had no collective ties to any Algerian political party, organisation, or trade union, and some sources commented that they seemed to have no political slogans. Some opposition groups emphasised the riots' political dimension; ex-diplomat and opposition spokesperson
1309:
said
Germany was "on the side of democrats. The German government calls on the Algerian government to renounce all recourse to violence. These are demonstrators who want freedom, who are doing nothing more than exercising a human right, to know the right to defend with dignity their point of view. As
1119:
in protest against poverty and "hogra" (oppression) in the region that provides most of the country's oil income, and were dislodged by promises of jobs next week after hundreds of police and gendarmes gathered. On 17 February, about 500 youths demonstrated in front of the same daira office. Another
469:
last Friday. Algerian commentators have said that more
Tunisia-style protests could break out in Algeria." Despite their scale, the riots were dealt with by the government in much the same way as the localised riots that had already become a routine way of communicating grievances: it sought to avoid
432:
access were also restricted in some areas. The rioting continued, at least up to 10 January in some places, such as the
Bachdjarrah neighbourood in Algiers. By 11 January, the situation had calmed. An attempt to demonstrate on 11 January in Algiers, organised in advance by the intercommunal committee
1328:
spokesman PJ Crowley said that "We note the ongoing protests in
Algeria, and call for restraint on the part of the security services. In addition, we reaffirm our support for the universal rights of the Algerian people, including assembly and expression. These rights apply on the internet. Moreover,
1276:
said that he "call upon the
Algerian authorities to refrain from violence and respect their citizens' right to peaceful demonstration. Any and all demonstrators arrested should be released immediately. The continuing state of emergency is unjustifiable and clearly hampers Algeria's prospects for the
1235:
On 3 February
Bouteflika announced plans to lift the emergency law, which prohibits protests without a permit, and substitute for it new anti-terrorism laws, but said that protests would remain illegal in Algiers in any case "for well-known reasons of public order". He also announced new measures to
810:
The government officially announces the end of the emergency rule. The country's council of ministers adopted a law revoking the 1993 decree that prolonged a state of emergency originally instituted the previous year, stating that the "law will come into effect as soon as its imminent publication in
760:
interpreted the large number of police as government weakness, stating, "When you mobilize 30,000 police in the capital, that's a sign of weakness, not strength." He also said that police charged at protesters and arrested 10 people outside the party offices as they celebrated
Mubarak's resignation.
860:
On 7 March, thousands of community police rallied in the capital
Algiers despite a protest ban in the city, accusing the government of ingratitude, and insisting thousands of their colleagues have been killed or injured fighting Islamist violence. Demanding better pay and pensions, they got all the
630:
state of emergency to be lifted and for the army to withdraw from politics, stating, "The army should no longer be a decision maker, it has to become a state institution." The march attracted about 300 people, and was broken up by the police; 42 people (according to the RCD) or 19 (according to the
325:
Between 3 and 10 January, riots and protests broke out across most Algerian towns, triggered by large increases in the prices of basic foods including oil, sugar, and flour. While localised riots have been a frequent occurrence in Algeria since 2005, this set of riots was the first to spread across
673:
While Bouteflika was said to be working to counter the planned demonstration, on 8 February university students commenced an "indefinite strike" in protest against the "poor quality of teaching." On the same day, an indefinite strike was also launched by professional paramedics after a call by the
665:
Protests continued on 3 February. On the same day President Abdelaziz Bouteflika signaled at a meeting with government ministers his intention to lift the 19-year-old state of emergency in the "very near future", in what was seen as an attempt to quell opposition demands. Reportedly, he also urged
686:
resigned, the protest gained new currency. The protests were organised by the nascent National Co-ordination for Change and Democracy, an umbrella group of opposition parties, civil society groups and unofficial unions. The police blocked all entry points into Algiers and put in a security cordon
1291:– Foreign Ministry spokesman Bernard Valero said regarding the demonstrations that "What is important in our eyes us is that freedom of expression is respected and that the demonstrations are able to take place freely and without violence", and welcomed the planned end to the State of Emergency.
884:
On 15 April, in a long-awaited televised address, President Abdelaziz Bouteflika said he would seek constitutional amendments that would "reinforce representative democracy" and be submitted to parliament or to a referendum. He also proposed changes to laws on elections, the media or political
691:
in central Algiers. All opposition rallies were banned by the government, though at least 2,000 protesters forced their way through the security cordon around the Square to join other demonstrators. Though minor protests occurred earlier in the day, most protesters came out after noon; several
773:
of the LADDH, the CNCD called for protests to continue every Saturday in the same square in Algiers, a call confirmed by RCD spokesman Mohsen Belabbes; Ali Yahia Abdennour said that "we will gather momentum as we progress we want our dignity back, yesterday the police has brutally beaten many
538:
in Tebessa demanding jobs and houses, after the mayor refused to receive them. According to one testimony, the mayor shouted to them: "If you have courage, do like Bouazizi did, set yourself on fire!" His death was reported on 16 January, and about 100 youths protested his death causing the
1244:
In efforts to discourage the protests organised by the CNCD, the authorities played up the role of the RCD, a mainly Kabyle party unpopular elsewhere in the country, within them; while this tactic had some success, it did not stop demonstrators from turning out in some non-Kabyle cities.
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most regions of the country simultaneously rather than being confined to a particular area. By 10 January they were limited to a few towns, but continued in those towns. More organised efforts to demonstrate on 11 January in Algiers were suppressed vigorously by the police.
728:
reported hundreds of people were leaving the demonstrations after about three hours and that the police opened their cordon to let them pass. It also said that about 200 young men from a poor neighbourhood stayed on and that some of them threw objects at the police.
818:, responding to one of the main demands of the protesters. The move legalizes protests outside the capital of Algiers, as long as the government is notified of planned demonstrations at least three days in advance. According to the country's interior minister,
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building. He had been sharing a room of 30 square metres with seven other people, including his sister, since 2003; he had repeatedly approached local authorities to get on the social housing list and been rebuffed. He has so far survived.
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223:, most of them in front of government buildings. Opposition parties, unions, and human rights organisations then began to hold weekly demonstrations, despite these being illegal without government permission under the ongoing
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issued a statement that read: "Algerians must be allowed to express themselves freely and hold peaceful protests in Algiers and elsewhere. We urge the Algerian authorities not to respond to these demands by using excessive
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626:, stating, "If the opposition does not mobilise the crowds, we believe that we will have more devastating events than what happened in Tunisia. The anger here is bigger than (it was) in Tunisia." He also called for the
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repeated the promise to end the state of emergency law, saying it would happen by the end of the month. on 22 February the cabinet voted to lift the emergency law. It also voted on a measure to alleviate unemployment.
875:
trying to stop bulldozers from demolishing dozens of illegally built homes. Five police officers were injured in the rioting, during which rioters threw bricks down on police from nearby rooftop and set fire to a car.
227:; the government suppressed these demonstrations as far as possible, but in late February yielded to pressure and lifted the state of emergency. Meanwhile, protests by unemployed youth, typically citing unemployment,
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2425:
413:. Government buildings, particularly town halls, were widely targeted, and shops in some areas were looted or burned; some of the looters carried swords. Football matches scheduled for 7 and 8 January were cancelled.
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closed the nearby national road (RN 29), demanding gas, water, a sewage system, and public lighting, as well as speed bumps to reduce traffic fatalities. On the same day, dozens of unemployed youths blocked RN 12 in
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swept Algeria. These individual acts of protest mostly took place in front of a government building following an unsuccessful approach to the authorities. Four self-immolators have died of their burns so far.
761:
He added that 90-year-old human rights activist Ali Yahia Abdelnour was "manhandled by the police" and that the protesters were not "an organised demonstration. It was spontaneous. It was an explosion of joy."
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in 1991, the military staged a coup d'état, voided the election results, declared a state of emergency which remained in force until 2011, and arrested the FIS leadership. This led to the founding of the
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wilaya office demanding the 7000 jobs they had previously been promised, and greeted the governor with stone-throwing when he came out. One attempted to commit suicide, but was dissuaded by his brother.
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Seventy percent of Algeria's population is less than 30 years old. Consequent high levels of youth unemployment, coupled with corruption and widespread poverty, are seen as reasons for dissatisfaction.
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party had announced plans for a march for democracy to be held on Saturday 22 January, despite being refused permission by the government under the state of emergency. Prior to the March, RCD leader
554:
These suicides were followed by dozens more attempted or successful self-immolations across the country, so far without triggering nationwide demonstrations, most of them after the Tunisian dictator
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of Ain Benian and Staoueli, was repressed vigorously by the police. In total, three demonstrators died, more than 800 people had been wounded, and at least 1,100 were arrested, many of them minors.
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2006:
1437:
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215:. While localized protests were already commonplace over previous years, extending into December 2010, an unprecedented wave of simultaneous protests and riots, sparked by sudden rises in staple
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On 29 December 2010, clashes with police were reported in Algiers during protests about the lack of housing. At least 53 people were reported to have been injured and another 29 were arrested.
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were prevented from reaching the scene by the police. On 22 January, 20,000 police officers stopped all protests. In the ensuing clash five people were killed and more than 800 others hurt.
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Interior Ministry) were injured, and 9, including the head of the party's parliamentary group Othman Amazouz, were arrested, to be released later the same day. Some demonstrators waved the
595:(LADDH) and officially unrecognised unions, such as SATEF and SNAPAP, met on 20 January to discuss responses to the situation. On 21 January, several of them (excluding the FFS) formed the
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as president in 1999, civilian government was nominally restored. Violence died down as both guerrillas and soldiers were given immunity for their previous acts under the controversial
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380:, and broader issues such as unemployment. They were met by anti-riot forces, who attempted to disperse the crowds. In Bab El Oued, shops and car showrooms were also targeted. Former
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university students announced a strike demanding greater security at the university after a woman student was attacked by unknown assailants, who slashed her face, on campus grounds.
592:
4379:
4132:
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4269:
4190:
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290:, claimed that during 2010, there were "9,700 riots and unrests" in Algeria. Some protests were about issues such as education and health care, as well as rampant corruption.
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Protests continue throughout Algiers, although it is reported that the government has been keeping the country stable, although this momentary peace is expected to end soon.
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In reaction to the protests of early January, starting 8 January the government decreased the prices of essential foods. Over following weeks it increased wheat supplies.
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uploaded film of a non-violent demonstration of "more than 1000 people" demanding housing in the Said Hamdine neighbourhood of Algiers on 20 January, not widely reported.
822:, protests are still banned within Algiers because of security concerns; he said that "Algiers is targeted by leaders of terrorist groups it gives them media impact. The
4157:
4552:
4031:
1836:
1213:
1009:, demanding jobs (according to the mayor), as well as better water and road management. On the same day, 600 factory workers demonstrated in front of the wilaya seat in
6641:
271:. Towards the end of his second term, Bouteflika amended the constitution to allow himself to run for a third term in 2009; to no one's surprise, he won the ensuing
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members. The Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights said that up to 28,000 police officers were deployed in Algiers. Many people, including a member of the
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declared a cyber-war on the Algerian state on the grounds of censorship, following previous efforts in Tunisia. The next day they brought down the pro-government
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1938:
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1157:) dozens of youths gathered to blockade the town hall, demanding that the president and secretary-general of the APC resign. On the same day, doctors in the
1134:
On 21 February, hundreds of students protesting in front of the Ministry of Higher Education against the new LMD system were dispersed forcibly by police. In
6692:
5931:
4706:
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1184:), the same day, about 500 people closed the APC offices, demanding jobs and protesting at the allocation of 117 new jobs to people from outside the region.
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blocked national route 26 with burning tyres, demanding public lighting, a sewage system, and town planning. On the same day, the population of Tazgait in
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1216:
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2003:
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maternity ward staged a sit-in in protest against the lack of pharmaceutical supplies, which they said was preventing them from carrying out operations.
819:
716:
219:, erupted all over the country starting in January 2011. These were quelled by government measures to lower food prices, but were followed by a wave of
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attacked ANEM offices, confronted police, and closed the national highway RN 12, protesting unemployment and unfulfilled government promises of jobs.
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said: "We called this gathering to denounce the inquisition and persecution of citizens who, because of their beliefs, refuse to observe the fast."
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the cabinet to adopt measures to promote job creation and said Algeria's TV and radio should give airtime to all political parties. On 4 February,
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democrats we are on the side of democrats. I have already said that about Tunisia and Egypt. I say it again now in allusion to other countries."
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near Algiers. On 4 January they were repeated in Staoueli and spread to other areas near the capital, with impromptu roadblocks at Douaouda in
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called for more opposition parties to join the alliance "to give the best possible chance for the Arab Spring to happen in Algeria as well".
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In 2011, prices of basic foodstuffs rose significantly in Algeria, in line with global trends but also reflecting newly imposed regulations.
268:
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voiced support for the demonstrators against both the Tunisian and Algerian governments in a video released on 13 January 2011. AQIM leader
6810:
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4136:
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1530:"Algeria protests take place amid 30,000 police deployment - Afrik-news.com : Africa news, Maghreb news - The african daily newspaper"
871:
On 23 March, police in the Algiers suburb of Oued Koriche used tear gas on Wednesday to disperse a crowd of young men who threw stones and
539:
provincial governor to sack the mayor. However, hospital staff the following day claimed he was still alive, though in critical condition.
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went to Bab El Oued to see the events and encourage the youths; he was arrested later that day, as were many other protesters and rioters.
4261:
4181:
2313:
2227:
1503:
6731:
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5148:
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826:, a leader of the protests, said it was a "ruse aimed at fooling international opinion at a time when Arab regimes are under pressure."
534:, a 37-year-old father of two, set himself on fire. He had gone with about twenty other youths to protest in front of the town hall of
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5904:
4613:
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744:. There were reports of internet services like Twitter, Facebook and the wider internet to have been disrupted or shut down, however,
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responded to the government's lowering of food prices on 8 January with the slogan "The government cannot buy Algerians' silence".
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create jobs and that state-run television and radio should be open to all political parties. On 14 February, his foreign minister
6507:
6432:
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1071:, demanding their jobs back or better compensation after the EPBTP milk factory where they were employed made them redundant.
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Al Jazeera (ref aljaz_alg_12Feb) writes "syndicate" members, presumably based on the French word "syndicat" for trade unions
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closed their town hall, demanding that the mayor leave office for failing to do enough about the region's underdevelopment.
642:
On 23 January, the FFS and LADDH jointly issued a demand for the release of the demonstrators arrested in early January, in
372:. The young men rioting blocked roads, burned tires, and sacked government buildings, protesting the sudden increase in the
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over housing, infrastructure, and treatment of the elderly by police. The police used tear gas to disperse the protesters.
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After the riots of 1988, the Algerian government had moved towards democracy, holding free elections. However, when the
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901:
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1176:, after blocking the road (RN11) the previous day; they left when the mayor promised to review the housing lists. In
599:(National Coordination for Change and Democracy), seeking systemic change within the country and calling (along with
5605:
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1960:
1212:, about 300 others joined a protest lunch against the mandatory nature of fasting during the month. The head of the
231:(oppression), and infrastructure problems, resumed, occurring almost daily in towns scattered all over the country.
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607:, responded that "No march would be authorised by the authorities in Algiers... Marches are forbidden in Algiers."
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On 29 January, the RCD organised a march of over ten thousand people (according to the organisers) in the city of
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On 11 May, 1,500 Doctors attempted to march towards government buildings but were prevented by anti-riot police.
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thousand protestors clashed with about 30,000 police at May First Square in central Algiers. Protesters chanted "
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Police fired tear gas on the protesters and arrested hundreds to possibly more than a 10,000 people, including
491:
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On 5 January, major riots broke out in several areas at once: in the Bab El Oued neighbourhood of the capital,
249:
5247:
2426:"Jeune Afrique, 12/01/2011, Quatrième décès par immolation en Algérie, à la veille de la marche du 12 février"
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blocked the national highway RN 3, and were attacked by riot police using tear gas. On 8 February, youths in
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the same day, parents of youths detained in the protests of early January staged a sit-in in front of the
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group had called for protests, police with water cannons were deployed in the main crossroads of Algiers.
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trade union SAP. However, it was reported to have been observed in only 22 of the country's 48 provinces.
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that toppled the leader of neighbouring Tunisia." He finally died on 24 January at a hospital in Annaba.
307:
3308:
2486:"Le maire à Mohcin Bouterfif : " Si tu as du courage, fais comme Bouazizi, immole-toi par le feu ""
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announced plans for a march on 1 February demanding their release and economic development for Kabylie.
6472:
6077:
5066:
4769:"Alger : La police réprime des étudiants devant le siège du ministère de l'Enseignement Supérieur"
3984:
1571:
845:, a group of youths, wearing banners supporting Abdelaziz Bouteflika, tried to lynch opposition leader
6462:
3158:
2766:"Premier cas de décès par immolation en Algérie : Karim Bendine, 35 ans, succombe à ses brûlures"
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seat building, demanding the release of their children, who were provisionally released the next day.
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called for true democracy, saying the current regime was incapable of solving the country's problems.
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and damaging the APC office. Five of them were arrested after confrontations with anti-riot police.
329:
Protests against the price increases started on 3 January, with protest in the Ras El Ain quarter of
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these rights must be respected. We will continue to follow the situation closely in the days ahead."
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The state of emergency in the country was officially lifted after being published in the country's
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flag, alluding to the protests which had brought down Ben Ali. Would-be demonstrators coming from
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Regional financial stock market indices fell on 20 February on concern of spreading instability.
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blocked the main road, demanding gas and sewage connection for their town and better side roads.
807:
Thousands turned out in Algiers for protests but were unable to take control of the main square.
704:
555:
508:'s self-immolation in Tunisia began to have a clear impact on the Tunisian government, a wave of
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party website, having previously brought down the sites of the Ministry of the Interior and the
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4676:"Très vive tension à Hassi Messaoud : 500 jeunes chômeurs se rassemblent devant la daïra"
2570:
http://www.elwatan.com/une/deces-du-jeune-qui-s-est-immole-a-tebessa-24-01-2011-108628_108.php
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191:, lasting from 28 December 2010 to 10 January 2012. The protests had been inspired by similar
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5522:
3513:
2103:"Censure, filtrage, connexion lente : Pourquoi Facebook n'est pas accessible en Algérie"
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1013:, demanding to be re-hired by ENAD. Also on the same day, unemployed youths in the wilaya of
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Le FFS estime que la concertation doit s'approfondir et éventuellement s'élargir à l'avenir
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described them as "a revolt, and probably a revolution, of an oppressed people", while the
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said the state of emergency would be lifted "within days." Two days later, Prime Minister
8:
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Tizi Ouzou : Sit-in des parents des détenus des dernières émeutes devant le tribunal
4107:"Plus de 1000 personnes organisent une marche de protestation à Alger le 20 janvier 2011"
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2626:
Le FFS de Hocine Ait Ahmed demande une autorisation pour un meeting à Bab El Oued (Alger)
1396:
1325:
1270:
770:
458:
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1149:, demanding paving, public lighting, gas, more housing, and a clinic for their town. At
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4462:"Les émeutes reprennent en Algérie : Naciria, El harrouch, Sidi Amar, Boumerdes."
6337:
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1053:
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212:
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5419:
2316:(in French). FFS Déclaration du Secrétariat national. 8 January 2011. Archived from
1108:) went out on the streets demanding jobs, blocking the roads (including RN 12) with
947:, demanding water and gas connection and better housing for their nearby hometowns,
457:(AFP) has linked the January protests with events in Tunisia, stating, "In Tunisia,
6347:
6252:
6227:
6182:
6147:
5986:
5916:
5747:
5384:
Adem Amine in Algiers and Jamel Arfaoui in Tunis for Magharebia (13 January 2011).
5067:"Algerians protest against mandatory fasting | Algeria News | al Jazeera"
4919:"Université de Bouzaréah: Grève générale après l'agression sauvage d'une étudiante"
4582:
4553:"Algérie/Des chômeurs en colère: Vague de protestations à Bordj Menaïel et Naciria"
4522:"Algérie/Des chômeurs en colère: Vague de protestations à Bordj Menaïel et Naciria"
3700:
2847:
1014:
857:, has urged Algerians to engage in a "peaceful struggle" for change in the nation.
815:
789:
531:
505:
139:
81:
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2010:
1988:
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1567:
1406:
724:
516:
It began on 12 January, when 26-year-old Mohamed Aouichia set himself on fire in
509:
220:
978:
to their village. On the same day, about a hundred inhabitants of Boutaleb near
6399:
6297:
6287:
6247:
6212:
6102:
6052:
5936:
4981:"Djelida(Ain Defla) : Des centaines de citoyens ferment le siège de l'APC"
4826:"Draâ El Mizan (Tizi-Ouzou) : Des villageois ferment le siège de la daïra"
2200:
1680:
1433:
1424:
1422:
1262:
1237:
1158:
1116:
967:
778:
373:
334:
101:
1529:
1145:
On 23 February, villagers from nearby Imaghzarene closed the daira offices of
1115:
Also on 16 February, about 80 unemployed youths occupied the daira offices in
416:
On 8 January, the government agreed to a temporary cut in taxes and duties on
6799:
6352:
6342:
6332:
6177:
6127:
6122:
6072:
6037:
5841:
5561:
Tamburini Francesco (2012), 'L'era glaciale dell'Algeria e il fallimento dell
5155:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. 9 February 2011. Archived from
2904:"Tizi Ouzou : Le FFS et la LADDH exigent la libération des manifestants"
1321:
1146:
1109:
1079:
782:
683:
517:
115:
5328:"Dubai Shares Drop as Mideast Unrest Sparks Risk Aversion; Emaar, Zain Fall"
4285:"Boumerdès : des jeunes chômeurs en colère bloquent la RN 12 à Naciria"
2935:"Les étudiants appellent à une marche populaire à Tizi Ouzou le 1er février"
2377:
1419:
722:
Protesters had hoped to stay the night at the main square. At almost 19:30,
500:
Mohsen Bouterfif in the hospital showing the wounds from his self-immolation
313:
275:, with, according to the opposition and the US Embassy, a very low turnout.
6237:
6112:
6092:
2686:
Algérie : Marches prévues le 9 février - Partis et syndicats s'agitent
1169:
466:
196:
120:
96:
841:
in Algiers were violently suppressed while in al-Madania neighbourhood of
753:
619:
287:
6152:
6097:
6087:
5836:
5645:
2937:[Students call for a popular march in Tizi Ouzou on 1 February].
1956:
1386:
1273:
1204:
After security forces question three youths who were eating lunch in the
1150:
1142:), demonstrators closed the local APC offices, demanding better housing.
1045:
1038:
1021:
against the head of the local employment bureau, accused of favouritism.
926:
785:
announced the state of emergency would be lifted by the end of February.
708:
604:
421:
385:
310:
over unemployment were already being reported, contributing to the mood.
216:
192:
27:
4707:"Algérie : Une centaine de jeunes chômeurs manifestant à Touggourt"
1168:
On 24 February, unemployed youths gathered in front of the mayoralty of
6525:
6272:
6057:
5570:
Managing Instability in Algeria: Elites and Political Change Since 1995
1173:
1105:
956:
647:
643:
636:
377:
4310:"Ain Defla: Le siège de l'apc de Belaas fermé par de jeunes chômeursi"
3046:
2740:"Manifestation interdite à Alger : 42 blessés selon l'opposition"
2258:"les classes moyennes et la classe politique pour relayer les emeutes"
1063:
From 6 to 9 February, protesters closed the national highway RN 26 at
603:) for nationwide marches, starting 9 February. The Interior Minister,
3567:"Algérie: l'opposition CNCD annonce une marche le 19 février à Alger"
1181:
1162:
1139:
1121:
1018:
1006:
995:
971:
846:
535:
361:
200:
125:
86:
5442:"Dernière minute. Le site du RND mis hors service par The Anonymous"
4950:"Mostaganem : Des chômeurs assiègent la mairie de Sidi Lakhdar"
1131:
wilaya offices were again targeted by demonstrators demanding jobs.
6364:
5781:
4800:"Boumerdès : Les habitants de Ammal ferment le siège de l'APC"
1193:
1154:
1064:
952:
897:
496:
338:
4341:"Des travailleurs de l'ENAD protestent devant la wilaya de Bouira"
2810:"Algérie: fin d'une manifestation d'opposition à Alger, 7 blessés"
1124:, in front of the local office of the National Employment Agency.
1093:
On 14 February, hundreds of youths protested over unemployment in
1060:
demonstrated to demand jobs, blocking the road and burning tyres.
5996:
5956:
5912:
National Coalition for Syrian Revolutionary and Opposition Forces
2656:
Appel à des manifestations pour les droits et libertés en Algérie
1302:
1209:
1205:
1177:
1101:
1075:
991:
939:
On 24 January, more than 500 people demonstrated in front of the
842:
632:
611:
479:
406:
398:
393:
349:
318:
188:
68:
5296:
5013:. Algiers. Agence France-Presse. 10 January 2012. Archived from
4857:"Relizane : La population de Ammi Moussa assiège la mairie"
4645:"Les chômeurs de Hassi Messaoud menacent de recourir à l'émeute"
3379:, given name latin spelling "Boubkeur" according to same source.
2710:"Ould Kablia : " aucune marche ne sera autorisée à Alger ""
2345:. Algiers. Agence France-Presse. 20 January 2011. Archived from
921:
5991:
5801:
5272:. Paris. Agence France-Presse. 14 February 2011. Archived from
5149:"Algerian president lifts the emergency law, except in Algiers"
1288:
1128:
1086:
1068:
1057:
1049:
1034:
1010:
1002:
986:
979:
960:
933:
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654:
600:
471:
410:
402:
369:
365:
357:
342:
91:
5614:
911:
474:
and made a specific concession (in this case, a return to the
5297:"EUobserver / EU Parliament chief condemns Algeria crackdown"
4133:"Rassemblement de protestation devant la wilaya de Boumerdes"
3897:. Algiers: Fox News Channel. Associated Press. 2 March 2011.
2026:
emeutes des centaines de manifestants en instance de jugement
1135:
1094:
417:
5179:"Algeria: President announced the lifting of emergency laws"
4429:"Mostaganem : La population de Tazgaït ferme la mairie"
3977:"UPDATE 1-Algeria police use tear gas on protest in capital"
3479:"Algeria shuts down internet and Facebook as protest mounts"
2004:
ouargla apres un calme precaire la matinee l emeute a repris
1601:. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Archived from
3951:"Police protest in Algerian capital | euronews, world news"
3757:"Algérie : Déploiement important de la police à alger"
2742:(in French). Leparisien.fr. 22 January 2011. Archived from
1796:
emeutes a kolea des manifestants bloquent lacces a la ville
1085:
On 13 February, a crowd of youths gathered in front of the
975:
741:
700:" ("government out") and "Yesterday Egypt, today Algeria."
670:
reported that demonstrations were planned for 12 February.
353:
330:
5119:"L'état d'urgence bientôt levé en Algérie, dit Bouteflika"
2105:(in French). Dernières nouvelles d'Algérie. Archived from
597:
Coordination Nationale pour le Changement et la Démocratie
4262:
Bouira : des citoyens protestent et ferment la RN 26
4183:
Tizi Ouzou : Les douze émeutiers libérés aujourd’hui
3812:
Algeria Government Approves Lifting of State of Emergency
2314:"Le pouvoir ne peut pas acheter le silence des algériens"
985:
On 27 January, hundreds of inhabitants of Choukrane near
485:
5545:
Oil Wealth and the Poverty of Politics: Algeria Compared
3733:. Agence France-Presse. 17 February 2011. Archived from
3597:"VENDREDI 18 Février - JOUR DE LA REVOLUTION EN ALGERIE"
3180:
3156:
1430:"Egyptian Protests Inspired by Tunisia Leave Three Dead"
1001:
On 30 January, unemployed youths closed the APC seat of
579:
A number of left-wing opposition parties, including the
352:, and nearby suburbs, as well as Algeria's second city,
3869:"Algeria's state of emergency to be lifted 'imminently"
3731:"Top former Algerian leader calls for political change"
2967:. Agence France-Presse. 29 January 2011. Archived from
2878:"Des étudiants de Tizi Ouzou interceptés à Bab Ezzouar"
1354:
offered military aid and training to the demonstrators.
998:
using burning tyres and other objects, demanding jobs.
397:, covering almost the whole of the north including the
4372:"Touggourt : Nouvelle manifestation des chômeurs"
4209:
Des habitants occupent le siège de l'APC d' El Djezzar
2991:"Algeria state of emergency: Bouteflika 'signals end'"
2444:
2128:
alger affrontements violents lundi matin a bachdjerrah
441:
While riots on this scale are unprecedented since the
5932:
National Coordination Committee for Democratic Change
5355:"Al-Qaeda supports the events in Tunisia and Algeria"
3382:
3244:"Algerian police clamp down on pro-democracy protest"
3181:
Nossiter, Adam; Timothy Williams (12 February 2011).
3157:
Nossiter, Adam; Timothy Williams (12 February 2011).
1650:
Hausse généralisée des prix des produits alimentaires
561:
321:
shop of Triolet near Bab El Oued, burnt in the riots.
5037:"Anger at squalid housing unleashes Algeria protest"
4583:"Algeria unrest: Akbou protesters clash with police"
4081:"Algerian Islamists agree on alliance ahead of vote"
4054:"Algerian forces block protest by doctors, students"
3305:"Algeria's police crack down on protesters - Africa"
2543:
Vague de tentatives de suicide par le feu en Algérie
256:, in which an estimated 250,000 people were killed.
3999:"Algerian police clash with rioters in housing row"
3839:"Algeria's state of emergency is officially lifted"
3446:Lowe, Christian; Lamine Chikhi (12 February 2011).
2848:"Several injured in pro-democracy march in Algiers"
1834:
urgent des coups de feu a alger lembrasement a oran
1714:
1712:
1496:"Algeria uses emergency law to fight Islamic group"
465:, whose 23 years in power ended with his flight to
5011:"10 injured, several arrested in Algeria protests"
4614:"Émeutes à Tadmaït : Cinq personnes arrêtées"
4403:"Bouira: Les habitants de Raffour ferment la RN26"
4135:. Tsa-algerie.com. 24 January 2011. Archived from
3362:
3332:
2509:
2507:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1595:"Political Crises but Few Alternatives in Algeria"
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
864:In Algiers, small group of around 150 or so threw
187:were a series of protests taking place throughout
4456:
4454:
3620:
3618:
3445:
3212:
3210:
3208:
3075:. Ennahar Online. 9 February 2011. Archived from
1463:
1461:
1459:
1457:
1455:
1097:; about 30 were hurt in clashes with the police.
6797:
5270:"France asks Algeria to allow peaceful protests"
5240:"North Africa Under Stress: Latest Developments"
5181:. Allvoices.com. 3 February 2011. Archived from
4738:"Les demandeurs d'emploi reviennent à la charge"
4240:"La route de Boutaleb bloquée par les habitants"
3152:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3047:"afrol News - Large student protests in Algeria"
3009:
2965:"Thousands in Algeria protest march: organisers"
2825:"Les 9 personnes interpellées à Alger relâchées"
2343:"Algerian opposition says will defy protest ban"
1954:
1948:
1709:
966:On 25 January, the inhabitants of El Djezzar in
853:. Meanwhile, Algeria's oldest opposition party,
193:protests across the Middle East and North Africa
5418:. Anonnews.org. 21 January 2011. Archived from
3534:
3439:
3390:"Alger : La manifestation s'est dispersée"
2504:
2187:
2094:
2065:
2063:
1762:
1564:"Algeria army should quit politics: opposition"
1548:
839:National Co-ordination for Democracy and Change
824:Algerian League for the Defense of Human Rights
504:As the widely reported protests sparked off by
5386:"AQIM leader exploits Tunisia, Algeria unrest"
4451:
4022:"Algeria Leader Vows to 'Reinforce' Democracy"
3895:"Algeria keeps lid on social unrest _ for now"
3615:
3448:"Algeria police stifle Egypt-inspired protest"
3205:
2880:. TSA Algérie. 21 January 2011. Archived from
2768:. DNA Algérie. 23 January 2011. Archived from
2337:
2335:
1875:Plusieurs quartiers en proie à la protestation
1853:protestation et panique au centre ville d oran
1452:
482:) not seen as threatening the overall system.
308:Unprecedented protests in neighbouring Tunisia
301:
5630:
5497:"A Stable State: Authoritarianism in Algeria"
5475:
4019:
3677:Algeria lifts emergency rule as protests rage
3143:
3119:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3111:
1120:100 unemployed youths demonstrated in nearby
269:Charter for Peace and National Reconciliation
4083:. The Huffington Post/The Associated Press.
3098:
3096:
3094:
3073:"Algeria paramedics strike shortly followed"
2234:(in French). 10 January 2011. Archived from
2060:
1527:
3652:"Algeria 'to lift emergency laws' - Africa"
2332:
2264:(in French). 9 January 2011. Archived from
2228:"Des protestations sans slogans politiques"
912:Local protests over jobs and infrastructure
461:sparked the overthrow of the government of
391:Within days the riots spread to twenty-odd
5637:
5623:
5563:onda verde', "Africana", pp. 165–184.
5294:
4736:Gaidi, Mohamed Faouzi (17 February 2011).
4492:"Algérie : Grèves, marches et sit-in"
3421:"Egypt (and Beyond) LiveBlog: Where Next?"
3108:
2572:Décès du jeune qui s'est immolé à Tebessa
1625:"Scores hurt in Algeria protests – Africa"
769:On 13 February, following a suggestion by
195:. Causes cited by the protesters included
59:(1 year, 1 week and 6 days)
34:
5567:
4917:Semmar, Abderrahmane (23 February 2011).
4888:"Sit-in à la maternité de Sidi Bel Abbès"
4767:Semmar, Abderrahmane (21 February 2011).
4705:Semmar, Abderrahmane (17 February 2011).
4674:Semmar, Abderrahmane (17 February 2011).
4643:Semmar, Abderrahmane (17 February 2011).
4109:. Rachad. 20 January 2011. Archived from
3183:"Security Forces Halt Protest in Algeria"
3159:"Security Forces Halt Protest in Algeria"
3091:
2400:"Algeria: Third death by self-immolation"
2150:quatre heures au commissariat de staoueli
1746:quatre-heures-au-commissariat-de-staoueli
436:
40:Demonstration organised by RCD in Algiers
5547:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
5502:. CMES 2010 Paper Series. Archived from
3272:
1957:"Nouvelle vague d'émeutes sur l'Algérie"
1721:"Unrest eases in Algeria as prices drop"
1592:
1493:
1029:On 1 February, the people of Raffour in
920:
657:, to demand more freedom and democracy.
570:
495:
312:
5494:
5352:
4400:
4338:
3701:"Algerian founding father urges reform"
3476:
2193:
2100:
1718:
1523:
1521:
1364:On 21 January, the international group
900:parties announced a coalition ahead of
896:In late February 2012, Algeria's major
6798:
5476:Evans, Martin; Phillips, John (2007).
5325:
4916:
4823:
4766:
4704:
4673:
4642:
4426:
4369:
3789:. Al Jazeera Blogs. 15 February 2011.
3698:
3547:from the original on 21 September 2013
3311:from the original on 16 September 2023
3220:. Al Jazeera Blogs. 12 February 2011.
2932:
2294:from the original on 16 September 2023
1890:
1723:. Agence France-Presse. Archived from
1561:
1192:On 10 January, Algerians protested in
916:
837:On 5 March, protests organised by the
696:," ("A free and democratic Algeria") "
660:
543:described the suicide as "echoing the
486:Self-immolations (starting 12 January)
478:of allowing un-declared food sales by
5618:
5495:Larsson, Disa Kammars (August 2010).
5334:from the original on 23 February 2011
5211:from the original on 18 February 2011
5099:from the original on 13 February 2011
5093:"Middle East rulers make concessions"
5047:from the original on 28 December 2015
4991:from the original on 25 February 2011
4960:from the original on 25 February 2011
4929:from the original on 25 February 2011
4898:from the original on 24 February 2011
4867:from the original on 23 February 2011
4836:from the original on 24 February 2011
4779:from the original on 24 February 2011
4748:from the original on 17 February 2011
4735:
4717:from the original on 18 February 2011
4686:from the original on 18 February 2011
4655:from the original on 19 February 2011
4624:from the original on 18 February 2011
4593:from the original on 20 February 2011
4550:
4489:
4078:
3921:"Youths 'attack Algerian protesters'"
3875:from the original on 25 February 2011
3833:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3793:from the original on 18 February 2011
3711:from the original on 19 February 2011
3658:from the original on 15 February 2011
3632:from the original on 13 February 2011
3577:from the original on 18 February 2011
3507:
3427:from the original on 13 February 2011
3418:
3285:from the original on 14 December 2013
3273:Bennoune, Karima (12 February 2011).
3224:from the original on 14 February 2011
3169:from the original on 12 February 2011
3131:from the original on 2 September 2011
3053:from the original on 11 February 2011
3017:"Calls for weekend protests in Syria"
2521:from the original on 17 February 2011
2452:"Courrier International, 21/01/2011,
2367:
2072:"Algeria police on alert after riots"
1719:Khadige, Beatrice (10 January 2011).
1536:from the original on 23 November 2020
1494:Richards, Charles (9 February 1993).
1475:from the original on 2 September 2011
1044:On 7 February, youths at Toumiate in
401:region, as well as some towns in the
5922:Syrian Revolution General Commission
5542:
5480:. New Haven: Yale University Press.
5307:from the original on 2 February 2012
5129:from the original on 5 February 2011
4947:
4797:
4439:from the original on 4 February 2011
4382:from the original on 31 January 2011
4351:from the original on 31 January 2011
4221:from the original on 27 January 2011
4087:from the original on 1 February 2016
4034:from the original on 11 October 2017
3603:from the original on 1 February 2016
3535:Karima Bennoune (17 February 2011).
3125:"Algeria protesters push for change"
3027:from the original on 8 February 2011
2997:from the original on 4 February 2011
2914:from the original on 26 January 2011
2858:from the original on 31 January 2011
2791:"Algerian democracy rally broken up"
2720:from the original on 31 January 2011
2604:from the original on 24 January 2011
2515:"Algerian dies from self-immolation"
2466:from the original on 24 January 2011
2082:from the original on 29 January 2011
2069:
1518:
1469:"Algeria protesters push for change"
1440:from the original on 29 January 2011
566:
6811:Riots and civil disorder in Algeria
5207:. Allvoices.com. 14 February 2011.
3626:"Live blog Feb 13 - Eye on Algeria"
3537:"Hopes and fears: an Algiers diary"
3477:Ramdani, Nabila (1 February 2011).
3218:"Live blog Feb 12 - Eye on Algeria"
2933:Khalfa, Slimane (23 January 2011).
2045:Price protests erupt across Algeria
1963:from the original on 9 January 2011
1955:Djamel Belayachi (7 January 2011).
1694:Algeria police on alert after riots
1593:Belhimer, Mahmoud (17 March 2010).
795:On 18 February, a date for which a
293:
13:
5972:Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet
5887:Society for Development and Change
5478:Algeria: Anger of the Dispossessed
5468:
5326:Hankir, Zahra (20 February 2011).
5246:. 10 February 2011. Archived from
5073:from the original on 5 August 2013
4978:
4886:B., Abdelkrim (23 February 2011).
4885:
4824:Essaid, Mouas (23 February 2011).
4611:
4528:. 10 February 2011. Archived from
4370:Alioua, Houria (30 January 2011).
4307:
3901:from the original on 27 March 2013
3845:. 24 February 2011. Archived from
3824:
3763:. 18 February 2011. Archived from
3699:Arnold, Chloe (17 February 2011).
3396:. 12 February 2011. Archived from
3250:. 12 February 2011. Archived from
2101:Belmadi, Tayeb (10 January 2011).
1982:les esprits ne se sont pas apaises
1562:Chikhi, Lamine (21 January 2011).
562:Response of the parties and unions
199:, the lack of housing, food-price
14:
6872:
5597:collected news and commentary at
5588:
5448:. 22 January 2011. Archived from
5396:from the original on 14 July 2011
4948:Alim, Yacine (24 February 2011).
4854:
4798:Omar, Yacine (21 February 2011).
4467:. 8 February 2011. Archived from
4401:Fedjkhi, Amar (1 February 2011).
4339:Fedjkhi, Amar (30 January 2011).
4079:Ouali, Aomar (26 February 2012).
3931:from the original on 6 March 2011
3510:"Watching Algeria - Renesys Blog"
3508:Cowie, James (22 February 1999).
2945:from the original on 12 July 2012
2630:. Dna-algerie.com. Archived from
2194:Roberts, Hugh (10 January 2011).
1631:from the original on 29 June 2011
777:On 14 February, Foreign Minister
764:
682:The day after Egyptian President
6780:
6779:
5434:
5408:
5377:
5346:
5319:
5288:
5262:
5232:
5223:
5197:
5171:
5141:
5111:
5095:. Al Jazeera. 12 February 2011.
5085:
5059:
5029:
5003:
4972:
4941:
4910:
4879:
4848:
4817:
4791:
4760:
4729:
4698:
4667:
4636:
4605:
4575:
4551:Chams, Amar (13 February 2011).
4544:
4514:
4490:Tarek, B. S. (9 February 2011).
4483:
4420:
4394:
4363:
4332:
4301:
4278:
4255:
4233:
4199:
4175:
4151:
4125:
4099:
3275:"Yesterday Egypt, today Algeria"
3127:. Al Jazeera. 12 February 2011.
2402:. Ennahar Online. Archived from
2070:Ryan, Yasmine (8 January 2011).
1627:. Al Jazeera. 30 December 2010.
1314:
1295:
1281:
1255:
1024:
891:
868:at much larger crowd of police.
861:way to the Parliament building.
802:
622:linked the planned march to the
593:Algerian League for Human Rights
558:fled his country on 14 January.
6573:Libyan civil war (2011–present)
5952:Constitutional Democratic Rally
5817:National Association for Change
5644:
5205:"Algerian Emergency Law to End"
4612:A., Rachid (17 February 2011).
4072:
4046:
4020:Benoit Faucon (15 April 2011).
4013:
4005:. 23 March 2011. Archived from
3991:
3983:. 16 March 2011. Archived from
3969:
3943:
3913:
3887:
3861:
3805:
3779:
3749:
3723:
3692:
3670:
3644:
3589:
3559:
3528:
3501:
3470:
3412:
3323:
3297:
3266:
3236:
3065:
3039:
2983:
2957:
2926:
2896:
2870:
2840:
2818:
2803:
2784:
2758:
2732:
2702:
2676:
2646:
2616:
2586:
2563:
2533:
2478:
2418:
2392:
2368:Brown, Jack (20 January 2011).
2361:
2306:
2280:
2250:
2220:
2196:"Algeria's National 'Protesta'"
2165:
2143:
2121:
2038:
2019:
1997:
1975:
1921:
1868:
1846:
1827:
1808:
1789:
1739:
1687:
1348:al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb
1199:
1187:
1074:On 8 and 9 February, youths in
851:Rally for Culture and Democracy
732:Protests were also reported in
284:Rally for Culture and Democracy
6223:Abdullah bin Abdulaziz Al Saud
5606:Algeria Real Time Video Stream
4979:L., Aziza (24 February 2011).
4427:Yacine, A. (1 February 2011).
2290:. Al Jazeera. 8 January 2011.
2288:"Algeria set for crisis talks"
1662:
1643:
1617:
1586:
1487:
677:
492:2011 Algerian self-immolations
1:
5967:Tunisian General Labour Union
5857:National Transitional Council
5657:Ash-shab yurid isqat an-nizam
4855:B, Issac (23 February 2011).
4308:L., Aziza (30 January 2011).
3512:. Renesys.com. Archived from
3419:Lucas, Scott (13 June 2009).
1936:Les deux folles nuits d’Alger
1824:Radio Canada, 5 February 2011
1412:
906:Movement of Society for Peace
750:denied this had taken place.
234:
6198:Moulaye Ould Mohamed Laghdaf
5896:Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party
5568:Werenfels, Isabelle (2009).
3787:"Live blog - Eye on Algeria"
2660:. Rachad.org. Archived from
2370:"Algeria's Midwinter Uproar"
1898:Émeutes : L'embrasement
1392:Democracy in the Middle East
1222:
879:
356:, and other towns including
7:
6806:2010–2012 Algerian protests
6578:Egyptian crisis (2011–2014)
5787:February 14 Youth Coalition
5353:ennahar (14 January 2011).
3821:Bloomberg, 22 February 2011
2800:Al Jazeera, 22 January 2011
1669:Algeria's National Protests
1407:2019-2020 Algerian protests
1380:
646:and elsewhere; students of
624:2010–2011 Tunisian protests
302:National, 3–10 January 2011
185:2010–2012 Algerian protests
21:2010–2012 Algerian protests
10:
6877:
3344:People's National Assembly
2624:"DNA Algérie, 23/01/2011,
1100:On 16 February, youths in
719:of the RCD, were injured.
713:People's National Assembly
489:
243:(FIS) won the first free
49:28 December 2010
6775:
6716:
6685:
6627:
6586:
6418:
6015:
6002:General People's Congress
5982:Alliance of Yemeni Tribes
5822:National Democratic Party
5771:
5665:
5652:
3871:. BBC. 22 February 2011.
2374:Middle East Report Online
1941:29 September 2011 at the
1843:Le Matin, 5 February 2011
1214:Kabylie Autonomy Movement
173:
165:
160:
152:
133:
109:
75:
63:
45:
33:
25:
20:
6660:death of Muammar Gaddafi
6048:Hamad bin Isa Al Khalifa
6023:Women in the Arab Spring
5852:National Liberation Army
5832:Revolutionary Socialists
5827:National Salvation Front
5543:Lowi, Miriam R. (2009).
5244:The North Africa Journal
3817:23 February 2011 at the
3686:18 February 2011 at the
3485:. London. Archived from
2993:. BBC. 3 February 2011.
1755:(subscription required)
1502:. London. Archived from
829:
694:Djazair Horra Dimocratia
6629:International reactions
6390:Abdul Majeed al-Zindani
6313:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
6193:Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz
6083:Mohamed Hussein Tantawy
5927:Syrian National Council
5877:Women to drive movement
5572:. New York: Routledge.
4295:29 January 2011 at the
4272:29 January 2011 at the
4245:27 January 2011 at the
4207:"El Watan, 25/01/2011,
4193:26 January 2011 at the
4169:25 January 2011 at the
4027:The Wall Street Journal
3628:. Blogs.aljazeera.net.
3370:according to Parliament
2830:24 January 2011 at the
2796:25 January 2011 at the
2580:25 January 2011 at the
2181:11 January 2011 at the
2155:12 January 2011 at the
2137:11 January 2011 at the
2050:20 October 2011 at the
2031:10 January 2011 at the
2009:10 January 2011 at the
1987:10 January 2011 at the
1915:10 January 2011 at the
1880:28 January 2011 at the
1783:12 January 2011 at the
1751:12 January 2011 at the
1699:29 January 2011 at the
1674:14 January 2011 at the
1659:Le Temps 1 January 2011
902:parliamentary elections
849:, the president of the
811:the official journal".
556:Zine El Abidine Ben Ali
520:in the compound of the
463:Zine Al Abidine Ben Ali
382:Islamic Salvation Front
252:(GIA) and the ten-year
241:Islamic Salvation Front
6846:Arab Spring by country
6410:Mohammed Ali al-Houthi
6268:Muhammad Naji al-Otari
5867:February 25th Movement
5797:April 6 Youth Movement
5530:Cite journal requires
5229:Al Jazeera. Headlines.
3346:. 2011. Archived from
2460:Courrier International
2057:English 7 January 2011
1858:9 January 2011 at the
1839:8 January 2011 at the
1820:9 January 2011 at the
1815:algerie emeutes cherte
1706:English 8 January 2011
1402:2014 Algerian protests
929:
855:Socialist Forces Front
610:Meanwhile, the mainly
576:
501:
451:Socialist Forces Front
437:Political implications
322:
259:With the unchallenged
245:parliamentary election
6655:military intervention
6405:Abdul-Malik al-Houthi
6380:Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi
6360:United Arab Emirates:
6168:Saif al-Islam Gaddafi
4557:Le Courrier d'Algérie
3368:Family name Derguini
2684:"Biladi, 21/01/2011,
2600:. Ffs1963.unblog.fr.
2454:Je brûle donc je suis
1358:Amnesty International
1352:Abu Musab Abdul Wadud
974:, demanding a better
932:The opposition group
925:Students marching to
924:
574:
499:
316:
6303:Hamza Ali Al-Khateeb
6108:Khaled Mohamed Saeed
6033:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
5509:on 16 September 2011
5153:Arab Reform Bulletin
4589:. 14 February 2011.
3611:– via YouTube.
3599:. 14 February 2011.
3573:. 13 February 2011.
3375:23 July 2011 at the
2172:manifestants-arretes
1801:10 July 2011 at the
1776:5 January 2011, p 2
1655:13 July 2011 at the
1599:Arab Reform Bulletin
1127:On 17 February, the
587:, and the Communist
455:Agence France-Presse
447:Mohamed Larbi Zitout
376:, the demolition of
265:Abdelaziz Bouteflika
250:Armed Islamic Groups
6395:Ali Mohsen al-Ahmar
6328:Rashid al-Ghannushi
6283:Wael Nader al-Halqi
6173:Mustafa Abdul-Jelil
6063:Ali Jawad al-Sheikh
5416:"Operation Algeria"
5359:Ennaharonline/ M. O
5276:on 22 February 2013
5250:on 20 February 2011
5159:on 11 February 2011
5125:. 3 February 2011.
5043:. 12 January 2012.
4563:on 15 February 2011
4532:on 13 February 2011
4268:, 27 January 2011]
3849:on 25 February 2011
3843:The Washington Post
3767:on 20 February 2011
3737:on 22 February 2013
3682:, Februari 14 2011
3516:on 13 February 2011
3489:on 13 February 2011
3483:The Daily Telegraph
3458:on 15 February 2011
3340:"Derguini Boubkeur"
3254:on 13 February 2011
3193:on 12 February 2011
3023:. 4 February 2011.
2910:. 23 January 2011.
2854:. 22 January 2011.
2716:. 30 January 2011.
2462:. 21 January 2011.
2349:on 22 February 2013
2035:DNA, 9 January 2011
1774:La Voix de l'Oranie
1727:on 22 February 2013
1605:on 13 February 2011
1506:on 10 November 2012
1436:. 26 January 2010.
1397:Politics of Algeria
1374:national TV station
1326:Department of State
1305:– Foreign Minister
1271:European Parliament
771:Ali Yahia Abdennour
661:Early February 2011
547:that triggered the
6701:domestic responses
6686:Domestic reactions
6375:Ali Abdullah Saleh
6318:Mohamed Ghannouchi
5807:Muslim Brotherhood
5600:Al Jazeera English
5452:on 28 January 2011
5422:on 27 January 2011
5365:on 18 January 2011
5185:on 9 February 2011
4320:on 31 January 2011
4291:, 27 January 2011
4189:, 25 January 2011
4165:, 24 January 2011
4139:on 29 January 2011
3680:The Times of India
3187:The New York Times
3163:The New York Times
3103:Al Jazeera English
2971:on 30 January 2011
2884:on 24 January 2011
2772:on 26 January 2011
2746:on 25 January 2011
2634:on 24 January 2011
2576:, 24 January 2011
2492:on 28 January 2011
2432:. 12 February 2011
2406:on 4 February 2011
2380:on 26 January 2011
2320:on 1 February 2011
2238:on 12 January 2011
2208:on 14 January 2011
2177:, 10 January 2011
2133:, 10 January 2011
2109:on 11 January 2011
1927:Le Soir d'Algérie
1574:on 19 January 2012
1532:. Afrik-news.com.
1528:Djamel Belayachi.
1217:Bouaziz Ait Chebib
930:
904:. A leader of the
788:Former FLN leader
614:-based secularist
577:
502:
323:
282:The leader of the
254:Algerian Civil War
225:state of emergency
207:, restrictions on
6793:
6792:
6338:Beji Caid Essebsi
6278:Riyad Farid Hijab
6118:Mohamed ElBaradei
5666:Events by country
5579:978-0-415-55886-0
5554:978-0-521-11318-2
5487:978-0-300-10881-1
4252:, 25 January 2011
4009:on 26 March 2011.
3987:on 21 March 2011.
2837:, 22 January 2011
2815:, 22 January 2011
2551:. 17 January 2001
2268:on 9 January 2011
2162:, 11 January 2011
1994:, 10 January 2011
1904:, 7 January 2011
1759:, 11 January 2011
1307:Guido Westerwelle
945:Khemis El Khechna
917:Late January 2011
873:Molotov cocktails
866:Molotov cocktails
820:Dahou Ould Kabila
717:Boubkeur Derguini
591:, as well as the
567:Late January 2011
213:living conditions
209:freedom of speech
181:
180:
57:– 10 January 2012
6868:
6783:
6782:
6348:Mohamed Bouazizi
6253:Hassan al-Turabi
6228:Khaled al-Johani
6183:Mohammed Nabbous
6148:Marouf al-Bakhit
6143:King Abdullah II
5942:Foreign fighters
5917:Free Syrian Army
5905:National Command
5900:Regional Command
5639:
5632:
5625:
5616:
5615:
5583:
5558:
5539:
5533:
5528:
5526:
5518:
5516:
5514:
5508:
5501:
5491:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5429:
5427:
5412:
5406:
5405:
5403:
5401:
5381:
5375:
5374:
5372:
5370:
5361:. Archived from
5350:
5344:
5343:
5341:
5339:
5323:
5317:
5316:
5314:
5312:
5295:Leigh Phillips.
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5266:
5260:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5236:
5230:
5227:
5221:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5201:
5195:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5175:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5115:
5109:
5108:
5106:
5104:
5089:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5063:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5052:
5033:
5027:
5026:
5024:
5022:
5007:
5001:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4976:
4970:
4969:
4967:
4965:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4903:
4883:
4877:
4876:
4874:
4872:
4852:
4846:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4821:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4795:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4753:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4702:
4696:
4695:
4693:
4691:
4671:
4665:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4629:
4609:
4603:
4602:
4600:
4598:
4579:
4573:
4572:
4570:
4568:
4559:. Archived from
4548:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4537:
4518:
4512:
4511:
4509:
4507:
4498:. Archived from
4487:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4476:
4471:on 16 April 2011
4458:
4449:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4424:
4418:
4417:
4415:
4413:
4398:
4392:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4336:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4325:
4316:. Archived from
4305:
4299:
4282:
4276:
4259:
4253:
4237:
4231:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4203:
4197:
4179:
4173:
4155:
4149:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4076:
4070:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4056:. Archived from
4050:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4017:
4011:
4010:
3995:
3989:
3988:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3957:on 12 March 2011
3953:. Archived from
3947:
3941:
3940:
3938:
3936:
3927:. 5 March 2011.
3917:
3911:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3891:
3885:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3865:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3854:
3835:
3822:
3809:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3783:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3772:
3753:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3727:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3696:
3690:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3648:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3622:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3523:
3521:
3505:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3463:
3454:. Archived from
3443:
3437:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3423:. EA WorldView.
3416:
3410:
3409:
3407:
3405:
3386:
3380:
3366:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3336:
3330:
3327:
3321:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3301:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3270:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3240:
3234:
3233:
3231:
3229:
3214:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3198:
3189:. Archived from
3178:
3176:
3174:
3154:
3141:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3121:
3106:
3100:
3089:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3069:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3043:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3013:
3007:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2987:
2981:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2950:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2900:
2894:
2893:
2891:
2889:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2844:
2838:
2822:
2816:
2807:
2801:
2788:
2782:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2762:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2736:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2706:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2680:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2590:
2584:
2567:
2561:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2526:
2511:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2488:. Archived from
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2471:
2448:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2396:
2390:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2376:. Archived from
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2339:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2310:
2304:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2204:. Archived from
2191:
2185:
2169:
2163:
2147:
2141:
2125:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2098:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2067:
2058:
2042:
2036:
2023:
2017:
2016:, 8 January 2011
2001:
1995:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1952:
1946:
1925:
1919:
1894:
1888:
1887:, 6 January 2011
1872:
1866:
1865:, 6 January 2011
1850:
1844:
1831:
1825:
1812:
1806:
1793:
1787:
1771:
1760:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1716:
1707:
1691:
1685:
1666:
1660:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1570:. Archived from
1559:
1546:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1525:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1491:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1480:
1465:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1426:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1301:
1299:
1298:
1287:
1285:
1284:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1017:demonstrated in
816:official journal
790:Abdelhamid Mehri
689:May First Square
532:Mohsen Bouterfif
510:self-immolations
506:Mohamed Bouazizi
294:29 December 2010
221:self-immolations
140:Civil resistance
102:Regressive taxes
82:Authoritarianism
56:
54:
38:
18:
17:
6876:
6875:
6871:
6870:
6869:
6867:
6866:
6865:
6826:2012 in Algeria
6821:2011 in Algeria
6816:2010 in Algeria
6796:
6795:
6794:
6789:
6771:
6712:
6681:
6623:
6582:
6498:Iraqi Kurdistan
6428:Occupy movement
6414:
6385:Tawakkol Karman
6323:Moncef Marzouki
6293:Burhan Ghalioun
6263:Bashar al-Assad
6233:Manal al-Sharif
6163:Muammar Gaddafi
6011:
5767:
5661:
5648:
5643:
5591:
5586:
5580:
5555:
5531:
5529:
5520:
5519:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5499:
5488:
5471:
5469:Further reading
5466:
5465:
5455:
5453:
5440:
5439:
5435:
5425:
5423:
5414:
5413:
5409:
5399:
5397:
5382:
5378:
5368:
5366:
5351:
5347:
5337:
5335:
5324:
5320:
5310:
5308:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5268:
5267:
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5224:
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4297:Wayback Machine
4283:
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4260:
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4180:
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4114:
4113:on 27 July 2011
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3459:
3452:Thomson Reuters
3444:
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3413:
3403:
3401:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3377:Wayback Machine
3367:
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3351:
3350:on 23 July 2011
3338:
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3109:
3101:
3092:
3082:
3080:
3079:on 10 July 2011
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2823:
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2664:on 27 July 2011
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2011:Wayback Machine
2002:
1998:
1989:Wayback Machine
1980:
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1953:
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1943:Wayback Machine
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1692:
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1684:10 January 2011
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1568:Thomson Reuters
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1549:
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1509:
1507:
1500:The Independent
1492:
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1190:
1027:
970:occupied their
919:
914:
894:
882:
832:
805:
767:
725:Thomson Reuters
680:
663:
569:
564:
545:self-immolation
530:On 13 January,
494:
488:
476:status quo ante
439:
304:
296:
237:
71:
58:
52:
50:
41:
12:
11:
5:
6874:
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6606:
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6596:
6590:
6588:
6587:UN Resolutions
6584:
6583:
6581:
6580:
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6565:
6563:United Kingdom
6560:
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6430:
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6422:
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6415:
6413:
6412:
6407:
6402:
6400:Sadiq al-Ahmar
6397:
6392:
6387:
6382:
6377:
6368:
6367:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6315:
6306:
6305:
6300:
6298:Moaz al-Khatib
6295:
6290:
6288:Maher al-Assad
6285:
6280:
6275:
6270:
6265:
6256:
6255:
6250:
6248:Omar al-Bashir
6241:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6216:
6215:
6213:Abbas El Fassi
6210:
6201:
6200:
6195:
6186:
6185:
6180:
6175:
6170:
6165:
6156:
6155:
6150:
6145:
6136:
6135:
6133:Bassem Youssef
6130:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6110:
6105:
6103:Kamal Ganzouri
6100:
6095:
6090:
6085:
6080:
6075:
6066:
6065:
6060:
6055:
6053:Hasan Mushaima
6050:
6041:
6040:
6035:
6026:
6025:
6019:
6017:
6016:Notable people
6013:
6012:
6010:
6009:
6004:
5999:
5994:
5989:
5984:
5975:
5974:
5969:
5964:
5959:
5954:
5945:
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5939:
5937:Hizb ut-Tahrir
5934:
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5914:
5909:
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5804:
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5773:
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5758:Western Sahara
5755:
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5603:
5595:Eye on Algeria
5590:
5589:External links
5587:
5585:
5584:
5578:
5565:
5559:
5553:
5540:
5532:|journal=
5492:
5486:
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5407:
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5287:
5261:
5231:
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5196:
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5140:
5110:
5084:
5058:
5028:
5017:on 25 May 2012
5002:
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4878:
4847:
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4790:
4759:
4728:
4697:
4666:
4635:
4604:
4574:
4543:
4513:
4502:on 7 July 2011
4482:
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4393:
4362:
4331:
4300:
4277:
4254:
4232:
4198:
4174:
4150:
4124:
4098:
4071:
4060:on 22 May 2011
4045:
4012:
3990:
3968:
3942:
3912:
3886:
3860:
3823:
3804:
3778:
3748:
3722:
3691:
3669:
3654:. Al Jazeera.
3643:
3614:
3588:
3558:
3527:
3500:
3469:
3438:
3411:
3400:on 7 July 2011
3381:
3361:
3331:
3322:
3307:. Al Jazeera.
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3265:
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2305:
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2219:
2201:Foreign Policy
2186:
2164:
2142:
2120:
2093:
2059:
2037:
2018:
1996:
1974:
1947:
1945:8 janvier 2011
1920:
1896:Salim Mesbah,
1889:
1867:
1845:
1826:
1807:
1805:DNA 1 May 2011
1788:
1761:
1738:
1708:
1686:
1681:Foreign Policy
1678:Hugh Roberts,
1661:
1642:
1616:
1585:
1547:
1517:
1486:
1471:. Al Jazeera.
1451:
1417:
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1292:
1278:
1263:European Union
1251:
1250:
1238:Mourad Medelci
1230:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1208:region during
1201:
1198:
1189:
1186:
1159:Sidi Bel Abbes
1117:Hassi-Messaoud
1026:
1023:
918:
915:
913:
910:
893:
890:
881:
878:
831:
828:
804:
801:
779:Mourad Medelci
766:
765:13–18 February
763:
707:activists and
698:système dégage
679:
676:
662:
659:
568:
565:
563:
560:
490:Main article:
487:
484:
459:similar unrest
438:
435:
374:cost of living
303:
300:
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236:
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179:
178:
175:
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170:
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145:Demonstrations
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47:
43:
42:
39:
31:
30:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6873:
6862:
6861:2012 protests
6859:
6857:
6856:2011 protests
6854:
6852:
6851:2010 protests
6849:
6847:
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6842:
6839:
6837:
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6597:
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6568:United States
6566:
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6552:
6549:
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6398:
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6378:
6376:
6373:
6370:
6369:
6366:
6363:
6361:
6358:
6357:
6354:
6353:Chokri Belaid
6351:
6349:
6346:
6344:
6343:Hamadi Jebali
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6333:Fouad Mebazaa
6331:
6329:
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6220:Saudi Arabia:
6218:
6217:
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6199:
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6178:Mahmud Gebril
6176:
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6149:
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6138:
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6128:Hesham Qandil
6126:
6124:
6123:Mohamed Morsi
6121:
6119:
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6106:
6104:
6101:
6099:
6096:
6094:
6091:
6089:
6086:
6084:
6081:
6079:
6078:Omar Suleiman
6076:
6074:
6073:Hosni Mubarak
6071:
6068:
6067:
6064:
6061:
6059:
6056:
6054:
6051:
6049:
6046:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6038:Ahmed Ouyahia
6036:
6034:
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6018:
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5988:
5985:
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5962:Popular Front
5960:
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5898:
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5895:
5892:
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5888:
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5880:
5878:
5875:
5874:Saudi Arabia:
5872:
5871:
5868:
5865:
5862:
5861:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:Ultras Ahlawy
5840:
5838:
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5833:
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5828:
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5524:
5505:
5498:
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5446:Algérie Focus
5443:
5437:
5421:
5417:
5411:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5380:
5364:
5360:
5356:
5349:
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5330:. Bloomberg.
5329:
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4526:Le Midi Libre
4523:
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4465:Algérie Focus
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3392:(in French).
3391:
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3049:. Afrol.com.
3048:
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3012:
2996:
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2986:
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2941:(in French).
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2599:
2598:, 22/01/2011"
2597:
2589:
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2579:
2575:
2571:
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2549:Jeune Afrique
2546:
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2516:
2510:
2508:
2491:
2487:
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2430:Jeune Afrique
2427:
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2097:
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2056:
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2049:
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2041:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2022:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1983:
1978:
1962:
1959:. Afrik.com.
1958:
1951:
1944:
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1924:
1918:
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1911:
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1899:
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1353:
1349:
1346:
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1339:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1322:United States
1312:
1308:
1304:
1293:
1290:
1279:
1275:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1253:
1252:
1249:International
1248:
1247:
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1242:
1239:
1233:
1227:
1226:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1211:
1207:
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1195:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1171:
1166:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1147:Draa El Mizan
1143:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1110:burning tires
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1091:
1088:
1083:
1081:
1080:Bordj-Menaiel
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1025:February 2011
1022:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
999:
997:
993:
988:
983:
981:
977:
973:
969:
964:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
937:
935:
928:
923:
909:
907:
903:
899:
892:February 2012
889:
886:
877:
874:
869:
867:
862:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
827:
825:
821:
817:
812:
808:
803:Late February
800:
798:
793:
791:
786:
784:
783:Ahmed Ouyahia
780:
775:
772:
762:
759:
755:
751:
749:
748:
743:
739:
735:
730:
727:
726:
720:
718:
714:
710:
706:
701:
699:
695:
690:
685:
684:Hosni Mubarak
675:
671:
669:
658:
656:
651:
649:
645:
640:
638:
634:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
573:
559:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
537:
533:
528:
525:
524:
519:
518:Bordj Menaiel
514:
511:
507:
498:
493:
483:
481:
477:
473:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
443:1991 election
434:
431:
427:
423:
419:
414:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
395:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
320:
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311:
309:
299:
291:
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280:
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159:
155:
151:
146:
143:
141:
138:
137:
136:
132:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
116:Regime change
114:
113:
112:
108:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
85:
83:
80:
79:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
48:
44:
37:
32:
29:
24:
19:
16:
6742:Saudi Arabia
6463:Burkina Faso
6371:
6359:
6309:
6259:
6244:
6238:Nimr al-Nimr
6219:
6204:
6189:
6159:
6139:
6113:Essam Sharaf
6093:Ahmed Shafik
6069:
6044:
6029:
5978:
5948:
5893:
5873:
5863:
5848:
5793:
5778:
5738:Saudi Arabia
5672:
5655:
5609:
5598:
5569:
5562:
5544:
5523:cite journal
5511:. Retrieved
5504:the original
5477:
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5450:the original
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5420:the original
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5274:the original
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5061:
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5040:
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5015:the original
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4953:
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4891:
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4860:
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4803:
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4500:the original
4496:Algérie Soir
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4318:the original
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3863:
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3646:
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3605:. Retrieved
3591:
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3570:
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3541:The Guardian
3540:
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3518:. Retrieved
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3503:
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3334:
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3299:
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3279:The Guardian
3278:
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3252:the original
3247:
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3195:. Retrieved
3191:the original
3186:
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3162:
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3105:. Headlines.
3081:. Retrieved
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3067:
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2985:
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2872:
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2662:the original
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2429:
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2322:. Retrieved
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2232:L'Expression
2231:
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2096:
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2040:
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2013:
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1965:. Retrieved
1950:
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1885:L'Expression
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1725:the original
1689:
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1603:the original
1598:
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1538:. Retrieved
1508:. Retrieved
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1499:
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1442:. Retrieved
1337:
1243:
1234:
1231:
1203:
1200:Ramadan 2013
1191:
1188:January 2012
1170:Sidi Lakhdar
1167:
1144:
1133:
1126:
1114:
1099:
1092:
1084:
1073:
1062:
1043:
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1000:
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392:
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