121:
1036:
29:
114:
206:
303:
who was running under the Free
Estonia banner, won 27 seats. The anti-independence, pro-Moscow "Joint Soviet of Work Collectives", representing mostly the ethnic Russian immigrant minority in Estonia, won 25 seats. During its first session, the new legislature elected the former
245:
319:, such as the on 30 March 1990 declaration of a period of transition to restore full independence from the Soviet Union, and the 20 August 1991 declaration to confirm the restoration of the country's full independence.
363:
between the outgoing
Communist local officials, who sought a system that favored their popular names over their unpopular party brand, and the principle of proportional representation favored by the new parties.
805:
291:
on 18 March 1990. Altogether 392 candidates ran for the Soviet-style legislature's 105 seats, of which four were pre-allocated to the military districts of the Soviet Army. The pro-independence
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1236:
729:
160:
338:
The local elections three months earlier, in
December 1989, were also held under STV, and served as a dress rehearsal with the electoral law finally enacted on 4 December 1989.
1456:
909:
1002:
120:
1415:
327:
Members of the
Supreme Soviet were elected in 42 single-member or multi-member constituencies. In the former constituencies deputies were elected by
1395:
359:
in 1989, and gave conferences on the topic. STV was not, however, Taagepera's own preference, but was rather the result of a consensus driven by
1451:
715:
1441:
1390:
1380:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1024:
884:
1446:
1066:
1061:
1400:
1096:
1385:
1405:
1156:
1151:
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
836:
43:
1032:
1217:
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1106:
1101:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
60:
1324:
312:
as its chairman, allowing him to stay as the nominal leader of
Estonia (real powers mostly lay with the prime minister).
967:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
894:
1017:
910:
Eesti NSV / Eesti
Vabariigi Ülemnõukogu XII koosseis. Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu, 29.03.1990–29.09.1992. Tallinn, 2013
1056:
1010:
711:
296:
256:
155:
74:
1228:
263:
1436:
1410:
697:
332:
292:
274:
150:
1316:
1040:
8:
1334:
1161:
511:
328:
945:
865:
316:
309:
341:
The choice of STV was the result of a debate on voting systems led by the influential
949:
890:
832:
937:
861:
857:
299:, who favored independence but close relations with the USSR and were supported by
138:
346:
315:
The elected parliament made some of the most important decisions in the modern
270:
133:
941:
1430:
824:
925:
848:
Silver, Brian D.; Titma, Mikk (1996). "Support for an
Independent Estonia".
806:
List of members of the
Supreme Council of the Republic of Estonia, 1990–1992
300:
288:
252:
988:
869:
1048:
360:
342:
113:
1035:
351:
295:
won the plurality (43 seats). The coalition of the reformed
305:
924:
Grofman, Bernard; Mikkel, Evald; Taagepera, Rein (1999).
968:"Electoral System Change in Europe since 1945: Estonia"
923:
1457:
Elections in the
Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic
331:vote, while in the latter deputies were elected by
886:Nordic, Central, and Southeastern Europe 2016-2017
961:
959:
287:Elections to the Supreme Soviet were held in the
1428:
989:"Elections and Referendums in Estonia 1989-1999"
926:"Electoral systems change in Estonia, 1989–1993"
240:
956:
919:
917:
372:The seats allocated were distributed as such:
1018:
975:Electoral System Change in Europe Since 1945
914:
847:
1025:
1011:
889:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 135.
156:Communist Party of Estonia – Free Estonia
965:
882:
1429:
1452:March 1990 events in the Soviet Union
1006:
993:Estonian National Electoral Committee
779:
766:
680:
20:1990 Estonian Supreme Soviet election
1442:1990 Soviet Union regional elections
1041:Elections and referendums in Estonia
829:Elections in Europe: A data handbook
246:Chairman of the Council of Ministers
322:
13:
1447:Parliamentary elections in Estonia
850:International Journal of Sociology
14:
1468:
818:
1034:
793:Source: Nohlen & Stöver, VVK
730:Joint Soviet of Work Collectives
367:
205:
204:
161:Joint Soviet of Work Collectives
119:
112:
27:
345:political scientist and émigré
981:
966:Núñez, Lidia; Jaakson, Lauri.
903:
883:Payerhin, Marek (2016-09-02).
876:
862:10.1080/15579336.1996.11770136
841:
78:53 seats needed for a majority
1:
811:
7:
827:& Philip Stöver (2010)
799:
10:
1473:
712:Communist Party of Estonia
671:
499:10, 11, 12, 13, 14 - Narva
1373:
1333:
1315:
1227:
1047:
942:10.1080/01629779900000081
930:Journal of Baltic Studies
792:
780:Registered voters/turnout
762:
755:
752:
745:
733:
719:
701:
689:
686:
683:
349:, who penned articles in
238:
90:
82:
71:
37:
25:
698:Popular Front of Estonia
333:single transferable vote
1049:Parliamentary elections
49:18 March 1990
1317:Presidential elections
627:29 - Kohtla-Järve (3)
505:32, 33, 34, 35 - Pärnu
567:9 - Kohtla-Järve (5)
503:18, 19, 20 - Sillamäe
73:All 105 seats in the
1229:Municipal elections
677:
624:28 - Kingissep (3)
512:Soviet Armed Forces
355:in 1988, published
329:first-past-the-post
297:Estonian communists
22:
1335:European elections
676:
663:41 - Viljandi (4)
609:23 - Haapsalu (3)
600:20 - Sillamäe (1)
597:19 - Sillamäe (1)
594:18 - Sillamäe (1)
167:Leader since
18:
1424:
1423:
837:978-3-8329-5609-7
797:
796:
648:36 - Rakvere (5)
618:26 - Hiiumaa (2)
538:List of districts
534:
533:
451:29 - Kohtla-Järve
441:2, 7, 8 - Tallinn
285:
284:
281:
280:
234:
233:
196:Seat change
67:
66:
1464:
1039:
1038:
1027:
1020:
1013:
1004:
1003:
997:
996:
985:
979:
978:
972:
963:
954:
953:
921:
912:
907:
901:
900:
880:
874:
873:
845:
839:
822:
678:
675:
621:27 - Jõgeva (4)
564:8 - Tallinn (3)
561:7 - Tallinn (3)
558:6 - Tallinn (4)
555:5 - Tallinn (4)
552:4 - Tallinn (2)
549:3 - Tallinn (1)
546:2 - Tallinn (3)
543:1 - Tallinn (5)
488:1-seat districts
464:2-seat districts
432:3-seat districts
410:4-seat districts
403:9 - Kohtla-Järve
392:5-seat districts
378:Type of district
375:
374:
323:Electoral system
317:Estonian history
241:
208:
207:
123:
116:
92:
91:
56:
54:
39:
38:
32:
31:
30:
23:
17:
1472:
1471:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1437:1990 in Estonia
1427:
1426:
1425:
1420:
1369:
1329:
1311:
1223:
1043:
1033:
1031:
1001:
1000:
987:
986:
982:
970:
964:
957:
922:
915:
908:
904:
897:
881:
877:
846:
842:
823:
819:
814:
802:
674:
669:
660:40 - Valga (3)
657:39 - Tartu (2)
654:38 - Tartu (2)
651:37 - Rapla (3)
645:35 - Pärnu (1)
642:34 - Pärnu (1)
639:33 - Pärnu (1)
636:32 - Pärnu (1)
633:31 - Polva (3)
630:30 - Paide (3)
615:25 - Harju (3)
612:24 - Harju (2)
606:22 - Tartu (3)
603:21 - Tartu (3)
591:17 - Pärnu (1)
588:16 - Pärnu (1)
585:15 - Pärnu (2)
582:14 - Narva (1)
579:13 - Narva (1)
576:12 - Narva (1)
573:11 - Narva (1)
570:10 - Narva (1)
540:
539:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
482:
480:
478:
476:
474:
458:
456:
454:
452:
450:
448:
446:
444:
442:
426:
424:
422:
420:
404:
402:
370:
357:Seats and Votes
325:
306:Communist Party
273:
268:
255:
250:
248:before election
239:
180:Seats won
170:1 October 1988
101:Minority party
98:Majority party
77:
72:
52:
50:
33:
28:
26:
12:
11:
5:
1470:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1367:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1328:
1327:
1321:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1310:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1233:
1231:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1129:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1051:
1045:
1044:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1015:
1007:
999:
998:
980:
955:
936:(3): 227–249.
913:
902:
895:
875:
840:
816:
815:
813:
810:
809:
808:
801:
798:
795:
794:
790:
789:
787:
784:
781:
777:
776:
774:
771:
768:
764:
763:
760:
759:
756:
754:
750:
749:
746:
744:
741:
738:
737:
734:
732:
727:
724:
723:
720:
718:
709:
706:
705:
702:
700:
695:
692:
691:
688:
685:
682:
673:
670:
668:
667:
666:42 - Võru (4)
664:
661:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
553:
550:
547:
544:
537:
536:
535:
532:
531:
528:
525:
521:
520:
517:
514:
508:
507:
501:16, 17 - Pärnu
495:
492:
489:
485:
484:
471:
468:
465:
461:
460:
449:28 - Kingissep
443:21, 22 - Tartu
439:
436:
433:
429:
428:
417:
414:
411:
407:
406:
399:
396:
393:
389:
388:
385:
382:
379:
369:
366:
347:Rein Taagepera
324:
321:
283:
282:
279:
278:
271:Edgar Savisaar
266:after election
264:Prime Minister
260:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
220:
216:
215:
210:
202:
197:
193:
192:
189:
186:
181:
177:
176:
174:
171:
168:
164:
163:
158:
153:
148:
144:
143:
141:
136:
134:Edgar Savisaar
131:
127:
126:
124:
117:
110:
106:
105:
102:
99:
96:
88:
87:
84:
80:
79:
75:Supreme Soviet
69:
68:
65:
64:
58:
46:
35:
34:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1469:
1458:
1455:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:
1318:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1123:
1120:
1118:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1028:
1023:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1005:
995:. 2008-11-17.
994:
990:
984:
976:
969:
962:
960:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
920:
918:
911:
906:
898:
896:9781475828979
892:
888:
887:
879:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
844:
838:
834:
830:
826:
825:Dieter Nohlen
821:
817:
807:
804:
803:
791:
788:
785:
782:
778:
775:
772:
769:
765:
761:
757:
751:
747:
742:
740:
739:
735:
731:
728:
726:
725:
721:
717:
713:
710:
708:
707:
703:
699:
696:
694:
693:
679:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
545:
542:
541:
529:
526:
523:
522:
518:
515:
513:
510:
509:
496:
493:
490:
487:
486:
472:
469:
466:
463:
462:
445:23 - Haapsalu
440:
437:
434:
431:
430:
425:41 - Viljandi
418:
415:
412:
409:
408:
405:36 - Rakvere
400:
397:
394:
391:
390:
386:
384:Total members
383:
380:
377:
376:
373:
368:Apportionment
365:
362:
358:
354:
353:
348:
344:
339:
336:
334:
330:
320:
318:
313:
311:
310:Arnold RĂĽĂĽtel
307:
302:
298:
294:
293:Popular Front
290:
277:
276:
275:Popular Front
272:
267:
265:
261:
259:
258:
254:
249:
247:
243:
242:
237:
229:
226:
224:
221:
218:
217:
214:
211:
203:
201:
198:
195:
194:
190:
187:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
173:16 June 1988
172:
169:
166:
165:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
151:Popular Front
149:
146:
145:
142:
140:
137:
135:
132:
129:
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
107:
103:
100:
97:
94:
93:
89:
85:
81:
76:
70:
63: →
62:
59:
57:
47:
45:
42:←
41:
40:
36:
24:
21:
16:
1363:
1216:
1166:
992:
983:
974:
933:
929:
905:
885:
878:
853:
849:
843:
828:
820:
743:Independents
716:Free Estonia
479:26 - Hiiumaa
371:
356:
350:
340:
337:
326:
314:
301:Indrek Toome
289:Estonian SSR
286:
269:
262:
253:Indrek Toome
251:
244:
222:
212:
199:
183:
139:Vaino Väljas
104:Third party
48:
19:
15:
1374:Referendums
856:(2): 3–24.
767:Total votes
497:3 - Tallinn
483:39 - Tartu
473:4 - Tallinn
459:40 - Valga
423:27 - Jõgeva
421:6 - Tallinn
419:5 - Tallinn
401:1 - Tallinn
219:Percentage
1431:Categories
1396:1933 (Oct)
1391:1933 (Jun)
1167:1990 (Mar)
1162:1990 (Feb)
812:References
481:38 - Tartu
477:24 - Harju
475:15 - Pärnu
457:37 - Rapla
455:31 - Polva
453:30 - Paide
447:25 - Harju
427:42 - Võru
387:Districts
53:1990-03-18
950:143812929
783:1,164,603
361:Peet Kask
870:20628474
800:See also
343:Estonian
831:, p574
770:911,203
672:Results
308:member
230:23.81%
227:25.71%
130:Leader
109:
95:
83:Turnout
51: (
948:
893:
868:
835:
381:Number
223:40.95%
147:Party
971:(PDF)
946:S2CID
866:JSTOR
786:78.24
753:Total
690:Seats
684:Votes
681:Party
524:Total
352:Edasi
86:78.2%
1416:2003
1411:1992
1406:1991
1401:1936
1386:1932
1381:1923
1364:2024
1358:2019
1353:2014
1348:2009
1343:2004
1325:1992
1307:2021
1302:2017
1297:2013
1292:2009
1287:2005
1282:2002
1277:1999
1272:1996
1267:1993
1262:1934
1257:1930
1252:1927
1247:1923
1242:1921
1237:1919
1218:Next
1212:2023
1207:2019
1202:2015
1197:2011
1192:2007
1187:2003
1182:1999
1177:1995
1172:1992
1157:1985
1152:1980
1147:1975
1142:1971
1137:1967
1132:1963
1127:1959
1122:1955
1117:1951
1112:1947
1107:1940
1102:1938
1097:1936
1092:1932
1087:1929
1082:1926
1077:1923
1072:1920
1067:1919
1062:1918
1057:1917
891:ISBN
833:ISBN
530:105
257:CPSU
209:180
61:1992
44:1985
938:doi
858:doi
758:105
213:New
200:New
191:25
188:25
1433::
991:.
973:.
958:^
944:.
934:30
932:.
928:.
916:^
864:.
854:26
852:.
748:10
736:25
722:27
704:43
527:46
519:4
494:15
491:15
470:12
438:39
435:13
416:20
398:15
335:.
184:43
1026:e
1019:t
1012:v
977:.
952:.
940::
899:.
872:.
860::
773:–
714:–
687:%
516:4
467:6
413:5
395:3
55:)
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