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1094:. More than 40 factories were burned. The one that suffered the most was the First Textiles Factory of Hunan. The damage to this factory include $ 270,000 loss due to burned workshops; $ 960,000 to raw materials; $ 600,000 to machinery. Of the city's 190 rice mills and storage buildings, only 12 survived the fire. More than $ 2 million, or about 80% of the total, were lost in the silk industry. Forty Hunan
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More than 30,000 people lost their lives during the fire. Over 90%, or 56,000, of the city's buildings were burned. The fire also disabled commercial trading, academic institutions and government organizations throughout the city. The fire cost a total economic loss of $ 1 billion, which accounted
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At around 2 o'clock in the morning of
November 13, 1938, there was a fire in a military hospital just outside the South Gate (to this day, it remains a mystery whether the fire was a signal or an accident). The arson team took it as a signal and started to set the fire at 2 o'clock in the morning.
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for 43% of the total output of the city. Government institutions that were destroyed include the provincial government headquarters, buildings housing the bureaus of civil affairs, construction, police, army mobilizations, security, telegraph, telephone, post as well as the courts,
1048:, passed Chiang's idea to his subordinates in a meeting. An arson team was immediately organized. The team was dispatched to every part of the city and was ordered to set the fire once a signal fire was set off on the top of Tianxin Building in the southwest of Changsha.
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in the city, and the number of residents jumped from 300,000 to more than 500,000. Though the city had prepared for such a scenario for a long time, due to the limited transport capacity of
Changsha, it still could not hold this amount of goods and people.
1038:
False intelligence contended that
Imperial Japanese forces would attack Changsha from the East. Chiang had already given a speech in Changsha about burning the city if it ever risked being captured. Because of a lack of confidence in holding the city,
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suggested that the city should be burned to the ground, so that Japan would gain nothing even if it chose to forcefully enter it. On
November 10 (some say the 12th), the chairman of the Hunan government,
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Before the fire, Changsha was one of China's few major cities that had not moved its site in 2,000 years. The fire, however, annihilated all the cultural accumulations that the city retained since the
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The burning lasted for five days, also destroying several 2,500-year-old historical antiques. City residents tried their best to escape, resulting in a severe boat accident at a river ford on the
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In July 2005, the first memorial commemorating the event in
Changsha, a memorial wall on an old lamp company site, was built. The memorial wall is located on the bank of the
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for 'wen'(æ) in the term 'Wenxi Fire' refers to the telegraph abbreviation code for the day of the month, whereas 'xi'(ć€) (meaning 'night') refers to the time of the fire.
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On
November 18, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the executions of three accused in the case. Zhang Zhizhong, the chairman of the Hunan government, also subsequently resigned.
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On
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branches, chamber of commerce, central news agency, central radio station and several newspaper offices. More than 31 schools, including
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were also present in the city during the fire. A verbal description of the fire was written by
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Chiang's fear proved wrong. The city repulsed three separate attacks by the
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to prevent the
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Tower of skulls : a history of the Asia-Pacific war, July 1937-May 1942
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just outside Changsha. The situation in the city became increasingly tense.
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The Generalissimo: Chiang Kai-shek and the Making of Modern China
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officials ordered the city be set on fire in 1938 during the
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fell. Soon, Chinese and Japanese armies faced off along the
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The Bell Tower and the Xiangya Hospital survived the fire.
1157:. The city did not fall until 1944 to the Japanese in the
1113:, who also happened to be in Changsha during the fire.
1263:. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p.
1078:, were also burned down. Banks destroyed include the
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1308:." MSN encarta. 6 Jan 2007. Accessed 15 Feb 2008.
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1240:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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1212:(First ed.). New York. p. 117.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
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972:Manchuria and Inner Mongolia (1931â1936)
913:Manchuria, Korea, and Taiwan (1894â1895)
230:), was the greatest human-caused urban
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250:one of the most damaged cities during
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47:adding citations to reliable sources
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16:Fire during the Sino-Japanese War
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34:needs additional citations for
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1208:Frank, Richard B. (2020).
877:Military campaigns of the
1288:jie, feng (May 4, 2016).
1159:fourth battle of Changsha
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1312:August 29, 2009, at the
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987:Asia-Pacific (1941â1945)
315:Second Sino-Japanese War
244:Second Sino-Japanese War
1387:1938 disasters in China
1190:1938 Yellow River flood
982:French Indochina (1940)
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1021:Imperial Japanese Army
1005:the city of Wuhan fell
809:West HenanâNorth Hubei
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1003:On October 25, 1938,
208:Changsha fire of 1938
1255:Taylor, Jay (2009).
192:Kuomintang officials
58:"1938 Changsha fire"
43:improve this article
1377:War crimes in China
1372:Urban fires in Asia
1357:1930s fires in Asia
1347:Mass murder in 1938
1019:On November 8, the
958:Siberia (1918â1922)
736:Sichuan (cancelled)
1382:Chinese war crimes
1127:
526:Yellow River flood
440:Railway Operation
126:1938 Changsha fire
1219:978-1-324-00210-9
1023:entered northern
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150:02:00 –
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32:This article
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1316:31 Oct 2009.
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1172:Lost history
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965:ShĆwa period
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933:Korea (1910)
892:Meiji period
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790:4th Changsha
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696:3rd Changsha
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689:2nd Changsha
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682:South Shanxi
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612:West Suiyuan
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463:Pingxingguan
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428:2nd Shanghai
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373:1st Shanghai
278:and others.
254:, alongside
252:World War II
219:
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1166:Xiang River
1107:Ye Jianying
1059:Xiang River
722:Yenangyaung
663:South Henan
657:South Anhui
598:Kunlun Pass
496:Taierzhuang
179:$ 1 billion
1362:1938 fires
1326:Categories
1306:1938 China
1228:1141201603
1196:References
1103:Zhou Enlai
1096:embroidery
1072:Kuomintang
999:Background
815:West Hunan
767:Mount Song
749:West Hubei
669:West Hubei
544:Wenxi fire
539:Wanjialing
388:Great Wall
256:Stalingrad
240:Kuomintang
220:Wenxi fire
137:Wenxi Fire
69:newspapers
1236:cite book
1131:character
1117:Aftermath
1111:Guo Moruo
762:Myitkyina
742:1943â1945
625:1940â1942
520:Chongqing
406:1937â1939
351:Jiangqiao
334:Manchuria
260:Hiroshima
238:history.
1310:Archived
1294:thepaper
1184:See also
795:Hengyang
675:Shanggao
564:Nanchang
482:Massacre
264:Nagasaki
248:Changsha
184:Ignition
158:Changsha
155:Location
1029:Yueyang
1007:to the
835:Taihoku
828:Air War
821:Guangxi
783:Ichi-Go
775:Changde
717:Toungoo
707:Tachiao
508:Lanfeng
476:Nanking
457:Taiyuan
398:Suiyuan
361:Jinzhou
272:Dresden
236:Chinese
224:Chinese
212:Chinese
163:Impacts
143:Date(s)
83:scholar
1271:
1226:
1216:
1065:Damage
1052:Events
712:Oktwin
617:Wuyuan
577:Swatow
556:Hainan
551:Canton
490:Xuzhou
468:Xinkou
422:Chahar
366:Harbin
339:Mukden
276:Warsaw
226::
214::
197:Motive
176:Damage
171:30,000
168:Deaths
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1025:Hunan
533:Wuhan
268:Tokyo
90:JSTOR
76:books
1269:ISBN
1242:link
1224:OCLC
1214:ISBN
1155:1942
1153:and
1151:1941
1147:1939
1105:and
1090:and
515:Amoy
393:Rehe
228:æć€ć€§ç«
216:é·æČ性ç«
206:The
62:news
1265:158
234:in
45:by
1328::
1292:.
1267:.
1238:}}
1234:{{
1222:.
1180:.
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258:,
1304:"
1277:.
1244:)
1230:.
869:e
862:t
855:v
304:e
297:t
290:v
222:(
210:(
112:)
106:(
101:)
97:(
87:·
80:·
73:·
66:·
39:.
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