432:
31:
205:
180:
444:
662:. On the one hand, there was a profound morphological and functional transformation of the central urban space that led to a process of urban renewal that preceded that of other Spanish cities. On the other hand, it triggered a non-spontaneous mobilization of population of large proportions that ultimately leaves its traces in the current socio-urban structuring. Even so, it took 25 years to rebuild the city in its entirety.
212:
187:
62:
549:
466:, affecting, above all, the Vieja and Nueva Puebla and more modern buildings erected in its precincts. The buildings that disappeared were mainly residential buildings, most of which were occupied by the working classes. Most of the medieval town was destroyed, the total were 37 of the oldest streets of the city that occupied 14
380:. Already on the 17th, the absence of wind favored the extinguishing works. Furniture and homeless passers-by began to disappear from the streets. The firefighters penetrated into the burnt area, and the last outbreaks were drowned, although it would not be completely extinguished until fifteen days later.
310:
storm. Gusts of over 180 kilometers per hour are estimated. The fire started in Cádiz Street, in the vicinity of the docks, and fanned by a strong south wind, the flames soon reached the cathedral, which, being located in the highest area, became a powerful source of fire spread to the nearby streets.
636:
Workers' housing was located, at first provisionally in certain cases, in isolated points of the urban center, generally far from the center. In these cases, the management for the construction of housing came from municipal state agencies that built cheap houses of an almost or totally suburban type
395:
arrived in port, which would bring supplies and food to the population. The change of the wind to the northwest and the beginning of the rain helped the firefighters' work. The atmosphere in the city was cleared, but the risk of landslides increased considerably. On the 20th the civil governor issued
752:
In 2016, as a commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the fire, a long series of activities organized by the City
Council were carried out, ranging from photographic exhibitions, parties and screenings at various points in the city to the creation of a route that runs through the main points of the
309:
The triggering element of the catastrophe was the strong southeasterly wind that, since the afternoon of 15 February, hit the city, accompanied by an atmospheric depression of great intensity. The maximum speed it reached is unknown, since the measuring instruments in
Santander were destroyed by the
500:
There were about 10,000 victims and about 7,000 people in forced unemployment. At the time of the disaster, the post of
Special Government Delegate for the Reconstruction of Santander was created, which was in charge of the new area and the urban future of the city. The reconstruction plan included
645:
of
Campogiro in Peñacastillo and blocks of housing subsidized by the Obra Sindical del Hogar), generally of low quality, such as the Pero Niño Group (the only neighborhood for the modest classes to be built in the disaster area), and on the outskirts, the Santos Mártires (162 homes), José María de
313:
The origins of the fire are not detailed in the information of the time. It is known with almost total certainty that it started in Cádiz Street, but the triggering object varies according to the source. Some allude to a chimney at number 20 of the same street, others to a short circuit, and some
281:
was underway, making reconstruction difficult. Due to the extreme poverty of this period, it is not surprising that all kinds of accidents occurred due to outdated or poorly maintained equipment which did not meet conservation conditions. Many of these accidents caused enormous material and human
624:
was the clearing between the cathedral and the current
Ruamayor Street. Parallel to all of the above, two fundamental phenomena occurred: the displacement of the lower class population settled in the old houses of the center to the periphery, which led to the consequent growth of the city on its
628:
In
Santander, construction activity in the years following the fire increased significantly, below the real needs and following a selective criterion. Thus, the area directly affected by the fire was remodeled through private initiative, which constructed buildings for official, commercial and
591:
The reconstruction, which began quickly, was undertaken on the basis of a series of fundamental principles. First of all, an attempt was made to solve the road problem by building a new route for the tramway that would overcome the dysfunctionalities resulting from the narrow and irregularly
261:, and caused a great change in the urban structure of Santander. Most of the damage was material, as thousands of families lost their homes and businesses. There was one fatality, a firefighter from Madrid, and more than a hundred people were injured. The fire is popularly known as
477:'s commercial establishments were located at that time. It has been calculated that the fire destroyed 90% of the premises used for this activity. It must be taken into account that the streets of La Blanca and San Francisco were the base of the commercial life of the city.
584:, stimulating new urban processes both in the center and in the peripheral areas to which a large part of the population displaced by the fire went. This is fundamental for understanding the dynamics of Santander's urban space in the stage prior to the great
657:
By 1954, this extensive reconstruction work was practically completed, resulting in five new public buildings and 170 private ones. Thus, the fire and the subsequent reconstruction of the center brought with it two key consequences for the current city of
321:, Rúa Mayor, Rúa Menor...), the fire spread towards the streets of La Ribera, San Francisco, Atarazanas, El Puente, La Blanca and Plaza Vieja. In this way it placed its limits to the north, in the slope of the Atalaya, and the street of San José, by the
568:
were vacated and expropriated to concentrate the plots of land. It was, therefore, an exceptionally favorable occasion to make land available for real estate businesses in an area where the value of the land was and is subject to a growing
387:
giving instructions to the population and providing information on the magnitude of the disaster. Above all, slogans, orders and specific instructions on supplies and food distribution were disseminated. That same night the
598:
model, with an orthogonal grid composed of wide streets in the areas of greatest traffic confluence. In this sense, it is illustrative of the widening of the old
Atarazanas street to form the current Calvo Sotelo avenue.
653:
were built as bourgeois residences, a phenomenon that clearly illustrates the new social and functional dimension that was imposed in this central area and, therefore, of great value in the urban area as a whole.
602:
The second fundamental criterion was given by the commercial orientation and wealthy residence that was given priority to this area, especially to the streets of San
Francisco, Calvo Sotelo and Juan de Herrera.
610:, such as the Civil Government, the Treasury Delegation, the Military Government, the Chamber of Commerce, Industry and Navigation, and currently also includes the headquarters of Caja Cantabria.
613:
Another proposed objective was the revaluation of religious buildings, taking advantage of their limited aesthetic possibilities. For this reason, time was devoted to the reconstruction of the
540:
was in the midst of the post-war period and the socioeconomic situation was not very favorable, so a catastrophe of this magnitude increased the bad situation for both the city and the region.
826:
501:
the opening of the new Juan de
Herrera Street, a commercial street that links the City Hall with Hernán Cortés, while respecting the church of La Compañía, which was spared from the fire.
885:
348:
During the 16th the fire continued, subsiding in the east but advancing in other areas of the city. That same day, 24 hours after the fire started, firefighters arrived from
297:
in 1947. In all these cases the
Francoist censorship reacted forcefully, minimizing as much as possible the accidents or insinuating sabotage conspiracies to harm the
536:), meant that approximately 10% of the inhabitants of Santander were left homeless and a good percentage of them lost their businesses and companies. In 1941,
834:
285:
Examples of these accidents that took place during the end of the 1930s and the following decade could be the explosion of the ammunition dump in
1000:
606:
Likewise, the need to build a main square as the new representative center of the city was upheld: the Plaza Porticada, home to some official
314:
texts locate the origin of the fire at number 5. From there, the fire quickly spread to number 15 Rúa Mayor, fanned by the strong south wind.
893:
533:
513:
81:
929:
204:
179:
325:
the fire was cut before reaching Isabel II and the Limón street, without affecting the headquarters of the city council, by the
907:
293:
in 1944, the sinking of the submarine C-4 in 1946, the explosion of the ammunition dumps in Alcalá de Henares in 1947, the
246:
during the early morning hours of 15 February to 16 February 1941. Occurring decades after the explosion of the steamship
419:
and destroyed buildings harbored flames in the following days. After fifteen days from the beginning of the fire, the
969:
961:
868:
782:
462:
The result was the almost complete destruction of the historical area of the city, that is to say, almost the entire
592:
distributed streets of the historic center. To this end, a project was accepted that followed the guidelines of the
516:
after a slight recovery. Nevertheless, the material damage was immense, and thousands of families lost their homes.
480:
Likewise, some public buildings disappeared or were affected to a greater or lesser degree. This is the case of the
1054:
455:
In general, the fire affected the narrow streets (except for Atarazanas), with buildings basically constructed of
1059:
290:
74:
488:, the church of La Compañía and the palace of the Marquis of Villatorre. The headquarters of the regional
548:
286:
1039:
1019:
470:, which meant the disappearance of 400 buildings, including homes (approximately 2000) and stores.
389:
265:
fire because, curiously, it started on Cadiz Street and the flames were stopped at Seville Street.
799:
1044:
650:
493:
473:
The affected area was also characterized by being the center of the city, the axis where most of
431:
30:
1049:
1025:
Compilation of photographic material of the Santander that disappeared in the fire (in Spanish)
396:
a decree obliging all owners to repair the roofs of buildings and smoke vents within 48 hours.
573:, which led to speculation with such land in order to favor the upper classes of the city.
423:
came to an end with the last extinguished focus of the fire, in a house on Cuesta Street.
415:
The main outbreaks of the fire were extinguished in the first three days, but most of the
8:
1064:
614:
481:
448:
436:
318:
258:
528:. The number of victims amounted to some 10,000 people, which, bearing in mind that the
994:
294:
965:
957:
864:
778:
274:
659:
617:, the church of the Annunciation and the construction of the Plaza de la Asunción.
581:
565:
474:
243:
235:
55:
353:
257:
The fire destroyed a large part of the historic center of the city, including the
341:. The limits of the fire coincide almost completely with the walled space of the
298:
289:
in 1939, the explosion of the ammunition dump in Pinar de Antequera in 1940, the
163:
Probably a stove or fireplace, although it could also have been a short circuit.
577:
525:
443:
556:
was one of the few buildings in the area that was spared from the catastrophe.
1033:
570:
405:
251:
96:
83:
951:
Linares Argüelles, Mariano; Pindado Uslé, Jesús; Aedo Pérez, Carlos (1985).
859:
Linares Argüelles, Mariano; Pindado Uslé, Jesús; Aedo Pérez, Carlos (1985).
773:
Linares Argüelles, Mariano; Pindado Uslé, Jesús; Aedo Pérez, Carlos (1985).
273:
In 1941 Spain was in a very difficult post-war period, since the three-year
1024:
561:
342:
278:
564:
of urban land magnificently located in the physical center of the city of
630:
553:
505:
950:
858:
772:
580:
and an indisputable impact on the social reorganization of the city of
524:
The material assessment of the losses was officially put at 85,312,506
489:
485:
747:
646:
Pereda (111), Pedro Velarde (348) and Barrio Pesquero (294) groups.
373:
607:
594:
585:
463:
420:
357:
338:
369:
467:
277:
that had ended two years earlier was compounded by the fact that
1014:
459:
and with bay windows that facilitated the spread of the flames.
329:
it extended until the street Calderón de la Barca, while by the
642:
509:
377:
365:
361:
349:
1020:
El Diario Montañés - 75th anniversary of the fire (in Spanish)
863:(in Spanish). Vol. IV. Editorial Cantabria. p. 279.
777:(in Spanish). Vol. IV. Editorial Cantabria. p. 278.
649:
In the area affected by the fire, approximately half as many
537:
416:
334:
326:
239:
67:
827:"Galería de fotos: El origen del incendio de Santander, en
456:
409:
330:
322:
883:
798:
Aupí, Vicente (2005). "El Incendio de 1941 en Santander".
504:
The fire caused only one victim, Julián Sánchez García, a
621:
532:
population of the city in 1940 was 101,793 inhabitants (
383:
During the 18th, Governor Carlos Ruiz García issued an
641:" of Canda Landáburu in La Albericia, housing in the
47:
It started a little before 9:00 p.m. on 15 February.
748:Commemoration of the 75th anniversary of the fire
685:buildings were destroyed, most of them quite old.
1031:
978:La reconstrucción urbana de Santander, Santander
675:days, although some embers remained burning for
975:
884:Juan Carlos Flores-Gispert (13 February 2011).
16:Natural disaster in Santander, Kingdom of Spain
730:victim, the Madrid firefighter Julián Sánchez.
250:(1893), it is considered the most devastating
295:explosion of a Navy ammunition dump in Cádiz
211:
186:
999:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
482:cathedral of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción
29:
620:Finally, an important achievement of the
44:Some embers remained burning for 15 days.
547:
442:
430:
739:Reconstruction was not completed until
1032:
910:. El Diario Montañés. 13 February 2011
665:
1015:Website of the 1941 fire (in Spanish)
576:The fire had a significant impact on
404:shingle kilns were seized. The first
42:From 15 February to 16 February 1941.
984:
854:
852:
797:
768:
766:
519:
408:arrived and the distribution of hot
291:railway accident in Torre del Bierzo
317:From the axis of the Puebla Vieja (
13:
955:(in Spanish). Editorial Cantabria.
14:
1076:
1008:
849:
763:
543:
560:As a result of the fire, 115,421
210:
203:
185:
178:
60:
976:Rodríguez Llera, Ramon (1980).
944:
936:(in Spanish). 13 February 2011.
807:(in Spanish). Omega. p. 75
426:
953:Gran enciclopedia de Cantabria
922:
900:
886:"Recuerdos salvados del fuego"
877:
861:Gran enciclopedia de Cantabria
819:
791:
775:Gran enciclopedia de Cantabria
333:the fire stopped in the first
1:
756:
753:center affected by the fire.
385:Official Information Bulletin
268:
892:(in Spanish). Archived from
833:(in Spanish). Archived from
254:in the history of the city.
7:
304:
10:
1081:
717:businesses were destroyed.
908:"Cronología: Así ocurrió"
172:
167:
159:
154:
146:
138:
133:
125:
117:
112:
73:
51:
37:
28:
23:
930:"Balance de la tragedia"
801:Guía del Clima en España
723:lodgings were destroyed.
711:people lost their homes.
651:low-income housing units
1055:1941 disasters in Spain
989:(in Spanish). Altamira.
700:The area destroyed was
497:was destroyed by fire.
398:La Covadonga, Trascueto
287:Peñaranda de Bracamonte
697:streets were affected.
615:cathedral of Santander
557:
452:
440:
412:to the victims began.
232:Santander fire of 1941
97:43.459794°N 3.809361°W
1060:1940s fires in Europe
987:"Santander en llamas"
551:
446:
434:
238:that occurred in the
194:Show map of Cantabria
896:on 14 February 2011.
736:people were injured.
464:old part of the city
102:43.459794; -3.809361
934:ElDiarioMontañes.es
890:ElDiarioMontañes.es
837:on 16 February 2011
829:ElDiarioMontañes.es
666:The fire in numbers
514:Valdecilla hospital
449:Santander Cathedral
437:Santander Cathedral
129:Mainly residential.
93: /
24:1941 Santander fire
558:
494:El Diario Montañés
453:
441:
147:Non-fatal injuries
964:(Complete work),
633:residential use.
520:Damage assessment
228:
227:
219:Show map of Spain
1072:
1040:Santander, Spain
1004:
998:
990:
985:Toca, S (1972).
981:
956:
938:
937:
926:
920:
919:
917:
915:
904:
898:
897:
881:
875:
874:
856:
847:
846:
844:
842:
823:
817:
816:
814:
812:
806:
795:
789:
788:
770:
691:homes were lost.
671:The fire lasted
299:Francoist regime
236:natural disaster
220:
214:
213:
207:
195:
189:
188:
182:
108:
107:
105:
104:
103:
98:
94:
91:
90:
89:
86:
66:
64:
63:
45:
33:
21:
20:
1080:
1079:
1075:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1069:
1030:
1029:
1011:
992:
991:
947:
942:
941:
928:
927:
923:
913:
911:
906:
905:
901:
882:
878:
871:
857:
850:
840:
838:
825:
824:
820:
810:
808:
804:
796:
792:
785:
771:
764:
759:
750:
668:
546:
522:
439:after the fire.
429:
307:
271:
248:Cabo Machichaco
224:
223:
222:
221:
218:
217:
216:
215:
198:
197:
196:
193:
192:
191:
190:
101:
99:
95:
92:
87:
84:
82:
80:
79:
61:
59:
46:
43:
41:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1078:
1068:
1067:
1062:
1057:
1052:
1047:
1045:Fires in Spain
1042:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1010:
1009:External links
1007:
1006:
1005:
982:
973:
946:
943:
940:
939:
921:
899:
876:
869:
848:
818:
790:
783:
761:
760:
758:
755:
749:
746:
745:
744:
737:
731:
724:
718:
712:
707:Approximately
705:
698:
692:
686:
680:
667:
664:
588:of the 1960s.
578:urban planning
545:
544:Urban planning
542:
521:
518:
428:
425:
406:field kitchens
402:Agustín García
306:
303:
270:
267:
263:the Andalusian
226:
225:
209:
208:
202:
201:
200:
199:
184:
183:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
170:
169:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
148:
144:
143:
140:
136:
135:
131:
130:
127:
123:
122:
119:
115:
114:
110:
109:
77:
71:
70:
53:
49:
48:
39:
35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1077:
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1051:
1050:1941 in Spain
1048:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1035:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1002:
996:
988:
983:
980:(in Spanish).
979:
974:
971:
970:84-86420-04-0
967:
963:
962:84-86420-00-8
959:
954:
949:
948:
935:
931:
925:
909:
903:
895:
891:
887:
880:
872:
870:84-86420-04-0
866:
862:
855:
853:
836:
832:
830:
822:
803:
802:
794:
786:
784:84-86420-04-0
780:
776:
769:
767:
762:
754:
742:
738:
735:
732:
729:
725:
722:
719:
716:
713:
710:
706:
703:
699:
696:
693:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
674:
670:
669:
663:
661:
655:
652:
647:
644:
640:
634:
632:
626:
623:
618:
616:
611:
609:
604:
600:
597:
596:
589:
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
571:surplus value
567:
563:
555:
550:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
517:
515:
511:
507:
502:
498:
496:
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
471:
469:
465:
460:
458:
450:
445:
438:
433:
424:
422:
418:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
394:
393:
386:
381:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
354:San Sebastián
351:
346:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
315:
311:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
283:
280:
276:
266:
264:
260:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
206:
181:
171:
166:
162:
158:
153:
149:
145:
142:1 firefighter
141:
137:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
106:
78:
76:
72:
69:
57:
54:
50:
40:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
986:
977:
952:
945:Bibliography
933:
924:
912:. Retrieved
902:
894:the original
889:
879:
860:
839:. Retrieved
835:the original
828:
821:
809:. Retrieved
800:
793:
774:
751:
743:years later.
740:
733:
727:
720:
714:
708:
701:
694:
688:
682:
676:
672:
656:
648:
643:neighborhood
638:
635:
627:
619:
612:
605:
601:
593:
590:
575:
559:
529:
523:
512:who died in
503:
499:
492:
479:
472:
461:
454:
427:Consequences
414:
401:
397:
391:
384:
382:
347:
343:12th century
316:
312:
308:
284:
279:World War II
272:
262:
256:
247:
231:
229:
18:
972:(IV Volume)
914:8 September
841:13 February
625:outskirts.
554:Post Office
506:firefighter
421:catastrophe
118:Burned area
100: /
75:Coordinates
1065:1941 fires
1034:Categories
757:References
726:There was
484:, the old
269:Background
113:Statistics
85:43°27′35″N
995:cite book
704:hectares.
660:Santander
631:bourgeois
608:buildings
586:expansion
582:Santander
566:Santander
490:newspaper
486:Town Hall
475:Santander
451:nowadays.
339:expansion
319:cathedral
275:civil war
259:cathedral
244:Santander
88:3°48′34″W
56:Santander
595:Ensanche
530:de facto
468:hectares
392:Canarias
390:cruiser
358:Palencia
305:The Fire
282:losses.
242:city of
155:Ignition
126:Land use
52:Location
639:casucas
526:pesetas
345:villa.
337:of the
240:Spanish
134:Impacts
38:Date(s)
968:
960:
867:
811:16 May
781:
709:10,000
637:(200 "
510:Madrid
378:Madrid
374:Avilés
366:Oviedo
362:Burgos
350:Bilbao
335:houses
234:was a
139:Deaths
65:
805:(PDF)
689:1,783
679:days.
538:Spain
508:from
417:ruins
370:Gijón
327:south
160:Cause
121:14 ha
68:Spain
1001:link
966:ISBN
958:ISBN
916:2016
865:ISBN
843:2011
813:2013
779:ISBN
552:The
457:wood
447:The
435:The
410:food
400:and
376:and
331:east
323:west
252:fire
230:The
734:115
721:105
715:508
683:377
622:40s
534:INE
168:Map
150:115
1036::
997:}}
993:{{
932:.
888:.
851:^
765:^
741:25
702:14
695:37
677:15
372:,
368:,
364:,
360:,
356:,
352:,
301:.
58:,
1003:)
918:.
873:.
845:.
831:"
815:.
787:.
728:1
673:2
562:m
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
