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1421:, observes the contradiction regarding Krasiński's dramas and poems, the former which gained popularity with the critics, but not the public, while for the later, a reverse was true. He subsequently notes that over time, assessment of his dramas (and letters) overshadowed that of his poetry, which proved to be much less enduring. Segel likewise agreed that both Krasiński's poetry, as early as during the turn-of-the-century
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819:. The elder Krasiński tried to arrange a diplomatic career for his son with the Russian Empire, but Zygmunt was not interested and was content to travel abroad again. In March 1833 he left Saint Petersburg and, visiting Warsaw and Kraków, traveled once more to Italy, where he would stay until 19 April 1834. This period saw the creation of what is likely his most famous work, the drama
877:, which he had begun earlier, around 1832 or 1833. Departing Florence in June 1835, he met Bobrowa in Kissingen, then traveled with her to Ischl and Trieste, and then on alone to Vienna, which he reached in January 1836. Then he went to Milan and Florence, and again to Rome. In Rome, in May that year, he would meet and befriend another major Polish literary figure,
782:, considered his most significant work of that period. On the advice of his father, who opposed rebellion against the Russian Empire (he had become a Russian general), he did not go to Poland to participate in the Uprising – to his later everlasting regret. In May 1832 he set out for Poland, on the way again visiting Italy (Milan,
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social revolution, he was much less sanguine about it than they; and so were his works, when they touched on the future. All Three Bards agreed the future would see major, likely violent changes. For Krasiński, the future held little hope for a better, new world, though his later works suggested the
624:
and honor. Zygmunt's fascination with his father's personality, and their mutual hopes for a free Poland, led to an excessive, onerous mutual idealization. Over the years, their "intimate and difficult" relationship would be very influential on
Zygmunt, whom Victor Erlich described as "weak and
1161:
noted that the play "has steadily gained prestige in the twentieth century and is widely regarded in Poland as one of the greatest dramatic works to emerge from the
Romantic period", and that it had been staged outside Poland and was likely the most internationally known Polish romantic drama.
659:. Krasiński had boycotted the funeral at the urging of his father, who the previous year had clashed politically with Bieliński, who was widely seen as a national hero. Krasiński was one of only two students to remain in class. On 14 March 1829 he was publicly criticized by a fellow student,
709:
Much of Krasiński's time in Geneva was divided between attendance at university lectures, being tutored, and his social life. He soon became fluent in French. His Geneva stay helped shape his personality. Soon after arrival in Geneva, at the beginning of
November 1829, Krasiński met
380:
and broke off his trip with the intention of returning to Poland to fight, but in the end, did not participate. In 1833 he travelled from Saint
Petersburg to Italy, where he would stay until April 1834. This period saw the creation of probably his most famous work, the tragic drama
730:, and Poland's greatest poet. Krasiński's wide-ranging conversations with Mickiewicz, who dazzled Krasiński with the breadth of his knowledge, were vital in inspiring Krasiński's to improve his literary techniques. From 14 August to 1 September 1830 they traveled together to the
2261:
Krasiński traveled freely between the centers of
European and Polish emigre cultural life and his family manor in the Russian part of Poland. Still he was part of Polish emigre culture and published his works anonymously in order to avoid provoking the Russian
904:. September marked the end of his romance (which his father had opposed) with Joanna Bobrowa. On 1 September 1838, together with his father, he again departed for Italy (Venice, Florence, Rome, and Naples). In Rome he once again met Juliusz Słowacki.
843:. Though the relationship lasted for a few years, it did not result in marriage (in any case, Bobrowa was already married). With her and her husband Teodor, in the spring of 1834, Krasiński took another trip to Italy. That summer he met his father in
1407:. Of the three, however, Krasiński is considered the least influential. Miłosz wrote that Krasiński, popular in the mid-19th century, remains an important figure in the history of Polish literature but is not on a par with Mickiewicz and Słowacki.
1362:), while others, including Mickiewicz and Słowacki, were forced to remain in exile in the West, banned from returning to Polish lands by the occupying powers. This led to his being known as the Anonymous Poet of Poland (the title of English writer
1157:"truly pioneering" and "undoubtedly a masterpiece not only of Polish but... of world literature", and remarked how surprising it was that such a brilliant drama could have been created by an author barely out of his teens. The American academic
1197:. The play was critical both of the aristocracy and of the revolutionaries, the former depicted as cowardly, and the latter, as destructive; neither morally superior. Also addressed were such themes as the poet's identity, the nature of
721:
At the beginning of 1830, Krasiński developed romantic feelings for
Henrietta Willan, the daughter of a wealthy English merchant and tradesman. This relationship inspired future works by Krasiński. On 11 August 1830 Krasiński met
1007:
Krasiński died in Paris on 23 February 1859. His body, like his father's, was transported to Poland and laid to rest in the family crypt at Opinogóra. Today the former family estate of the Krasiński family is the home of a
2200:
Out of respect for the position of his father, a deserter from the national cause, Krasiński published all his works anonymously, most of them without even a pseudonym: during his lifetime he was the
Anonymous Poet of
1358:). Due to his decision to publish anonymously, to the end of his life he was able to travel freely between his family manor in Russian-controlled lands and centers of Polish emigré life in Western Europe (the
1228:
as a means to society's advancement. His later writings more clearly showed his opposition to romantic militant ventures and his advocacy of peaceful, organic educational work; this was particularly so in his
940:. He spent much of that time traveling with Potocka and writing poems and other works dedicated to her. In July 1840 his father informed the 28-year-old of plans that he had made for Zygmunt to marry Countess
1302:
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Today most of Krasiński's
Romantic tales and poetry are still considered relatively weak. On the other hand, he has come to be recognized as "a superb prose stylist and easily the outstanding
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period, came to be criticized as "vehicles for embarrassing messianism" and as "amateur and shallow
Romantic philosophizing". Krasiński's popularity further waned under the
1411:
734:; Krasiński described this in his diary; being a prolific writer of letters, he wrote about this trip as well in a letter to his father, which was dated 5 September 1830.
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981:(Psalms of the Future). Tirelessly continuing his travels through Central Europe, in January 1848, in Rome, he met another Polish literary figure, the struggling poet
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1066:, this aspect of the piece is still a sensitive topic in Poland, as the piece is "both canonical and profoundly embarrassing for Polish culture, on par perhaps with
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Most, if not all, of his works, were published anonymously or under pseudonyms, to protect his family – particularly his father, a politician and administrator in
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648:. On 9 March 1829 an incident occurred, stemming from Krasiński's attendance at classes instead of at a patriotic demonstration during the funeral of Marshal
376:. He met Mickiewicz, who dazzled the young writer and played an important part in shaping his literary techniques. In Rome, Krasiński received news about the
1146:
lectures, calling it "the highest achievement of the Slavic theater". A century later, another Polish poet and lecturer on the history of Polish literature,
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In 1850 his health worsened, but that did not stop his constant travels, including to France. Through letters and audiences with
European figures, including
660:
395:). By 1850 his health had worsened, but that did not stop his constant travels around Europe. Through letters and audiences with European figures, including
1224:; many contemporaries, however, saw the play as an endorsement of militant struggle for Poland's independence, while Krasiński's intent was to advocate for
1047:. His relation to his father, who strongly influenced – indeed, controlled – many aspects of his life, is also seen as a major influence in his writings.
469:. His later writings showed his opposition to romantic militant ventures. He wrote letters, poetry, and "treatises in the philosophy of history", such as
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Having reunited with his father shortly afterward, they traveled together to Saint Petersburg, where in October he received an audience with the Russian
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Barbarian: Explorations of a Western Concept in Theory, Literature, and the Arts: Vol. I: From the Enlightenment to the Turn of the Twentieth Century
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Barbarian: Explorations of a Western Concept in Theory, Literature, and the Arts: Vol. I: From the Enlightenment to the Turn of the Twentieth Century
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Barbarian: Explorations of a Western Concept in Theory, Literature, and the Arts: Vol. I: From the Enlightenment to the Turn of the Twentieth Century
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poetry, greatly inspired young Krasiński. They became fast friends and exchanged letters discussing their love of classical and romantic literature.
1354:, as his works were often outspoken and contained thinly veiled references to the political situation of contemporary Europe (in particular, of the
5133:
885:, where he once more met his father. In November he returned to Vienna, where he stayed until June 1837. That summer he visited Kissingen and
833:
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Modern scholars generally agree that while Krasiński was in his time admired for his poetry, it did not age well. Polish historian of literature,
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is probably "the first work in which a Jewish conspiracy against a Christian society figured as the prominent theme". According to theatre critic
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wrote that the body of his letters is, next to his dramas, his other major literary achievement; similar praise was offered by literature critic
1903:
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Lastly, he was a prolific writer of well-received letters, some of which survived and were published posthumously. Polish literature scholars
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is not particularly notable; indeed, he himself remarked that he was not a particularly gifted poet. More memorable are his "treatises in the
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and extolled medieval chivalry. They are also deeply pessimistic. This gloomy atmosphere is visible in Krasiński's best-known work, the drama
588:
809:
regarding his surfacing eye disease, which would continue over the years to come, becoming one of the reasons for his growing introspection.
1216:, Krasiński again took up the theme of societal decay. He condemned the excesses of revolutionary movements, arguing that motives such as
1343:
referred to the series of letters written by Krasiński to Potocka as "the greatest (yet unwritten) novel of the Polish Romantic period".
1004:. In 1856, in Paris, he took part in the funeral of Adam Mickiewicz. On 24 November 1857, in a major blow to Krasiński, his father died.
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714:, a physician's son who was in Switzerland to study philosophy and literature. The talented young Englishman, who composed overwrought
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403:. To avoid political repercussions, he published his works anonymously, which led to him being known as the Anonymous Poet of Poland.
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From late May to mid-June 1829 Krasiński, accompanying his father, took his first journey abroad, visiting Vienna, capital of the
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As usual, much of Krasiński's time was divided between traveling and writing. The year 1843 also saw the publication of his poem
3554:
670:; this led to an altercation serious enough to involve the university administration and to eventuate in Krasiński's expulsion.
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1296:. Krasiński's rejection of Romantic ideals and democratic slogans which he felt inspired futile bloody rebellions, brought a
985:(sometimes considered a fourth Polish bard), whom he would aid financially. He also met Mickiewicz again and endorsed Prince
900:, then returned to Poland, in June visiting family estates in Opinogóra Górna. Shortly after, he traveled to Warsaw and then
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He differed from his major peers, Mickiewicz and Słowacki, in his vision of the future. Accepting the likelihood of
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appears to have been inspired by the author's reflections on the Polish November 1830 Uprising and on the French
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944:(1820–1876). The marriage eventuated on 26 July 1843 in Dresden. The couple would have four children: sons
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and Vienna, finally by mid-August 1832 arriving in Warsaw. During that trip, in Venice, he consulted with
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who argued that those letters are one of the crowning achievements of Polish Romanticism. Theater critic
989:'s political faction. A conservative, Krasiński was critical of the revolutionary upheavals known as the
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1134:), which he wrote around 1835, when he was in his early twenties. In the 19th century, a greater
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932:), with whom he conducted a romance from 1838 to 1848. In the first half of 1839 he traveled to
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Napoleon Stanisław Adam Feliks Zygmunt Krasiński was born in Paris on 19 February 1812 to Count
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2195:
Zygmunt Krasiński, Romantic Universalist: An International Tribute, Edited by Wacław Lednicki
2175:
Zygmunt Krasiński, Romantic Universalist: An International Tribute, Edited by Wacław Lednicki
1904:"Poles, Jews and Aesthetic Experience: On the Cancelled Theatre Production by Olivier Frljić"
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Worsening health prevented him from resuming his travels until May 1838, when he traveled to
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559:. Krasiński's cultivated and doting father employed prominent tutors, including Baroness
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family, and became the close companion of his father after his mother's early death from
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and Milan, and by November he returned to Rome. In spring the following year he visited
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Krasiński żywy: książka zbiorowa wydana staraniem Związku Pisarzy Polskich na Obcźynie
677:. In October 1829 he left Poland again, this time to study abroad. Travelling through
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authorities; new editions of his works were not published in the 1940s and 1950s.
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in Poland, he broke off his trip and returned to Geneva. He had been finishing a
745:
Around early November 1830 Krasiński left Geneva and traveled to Italy, visiting
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1233:, which expressly criticized the concept of revolution. Krasiński began writing
443:, Christianity, the necessity of sacrifice and suffering to moral progress, and
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is a work of considerable talent, especially in its insightful analysis of the
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1609:"The Conception of the Poet in Krasiński and the Romantic Myth of the Artist"
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as well as for the large body of well-received letters. His writings explore
354:
308:
282:
119:
4090:
2091:"Epistolografia jako literatura na przykładzie listów Zygmunta Krasińskiego"
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had attended in 1823–1826), graduating in autumn 1827. He began studies in
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40:
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hypersensitive", compared to his "affectionate but domineering" father.
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1112:
Krasiński's early works, particularly his historical novels, such as
1092:
856:
848:
844:
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731:
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2416:(in Polish). Społeczny Komitet Budowy Pomnika Zygmunta Krasińskiego.
901:
690:
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2386:
Wydalony z Parnasu: księga poświęcona pamięci Zygmunta Krasińskiego
2178:. Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America. pp. 14–15.
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and Princess Maria Urszula Radziwiłł, a member of the aristocratic
335:
1241:, but published it after the latter. Miłosz commented that, while
1043:, the necessity of sacrifice and suffering to moral progress, and
1000:, whom he met in 1857 and 1858, he sought to gain support for the
682:
327:– the Romantic poets who influenced national consciousness in the
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2819:
2481:
2198:. Polish Institute of Arts and Sciences in America. p. 190.
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reply from fellow poet Juliusz Słowacki in the form of the poem,
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937:
893:
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864:
852:
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609:
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180:
523:, a Polish-Lithuanian noble family. He spent his first years in
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2388:(in Polish). Wydawn. Poznańskiego Towarzystwa Przyjaciół Nauk.
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933:
860:
795:
783:
698:
678:
633:
604:, which saw the end of the Duchy of Warsaw and the creation of
544:
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320:
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2141:(in Polish). Państwowe Zakłady Wydawn. Szkolnych. p. 209.
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62:
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813:
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515:, a Polish aristocrat and military commander, and Countess
1264:
Krasiński's later work includes a body of poetry, but his
1201:, and Romantic myths of perfect love, fame, and happiness.
1973:. Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow Branch. p. 29.
1799:
Polish Romantic Drama: Three Plays in English Translation
637:
358:
2121:(in Polish). Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy. p. 260.
2304:
Giergielewicz, Mieczysław; Wallace, Stanley H. (1959).
1865:. Cham: Springer International Publishing. p. 81.
357:, where he graduated in 1827. He then started to study
2360:(in Polish). Wydawn. Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika.
881:. In summer 1836 he returned to Kissingen and visited
697:, 17-year-old Krasiński arrived on 3 November 1829 in
600:
Following the stabilization brought by the end of the
1448:
most important Polish drama, of the Romantic period.
741:
Joanna Bobrowa, one of Krasiński's romantic interests
2306:"Zygmunt Krasinski 1812–1859: A Biographical Sketch"
2303:
968:(Predawn). In 1845 he published another major work,
936:, meeting Potocka in Switzerland, and his father in
757:. In Rome, receiving news about the outbreak of the
2130:
2128:
829:), written probably between summer and fall 1834.
353:. He was educated by tutors prior to attending the
2356:Grażyna Halkiewicz-Sojak; Bogdan Burdziej (2001).
1825:
1823:
1821:
1819:
1751:
494:is perhaps the most important Polish drama of the
2065:The History of Polish Literature, Updated Edition
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2029:The History of Polish Literature, Updated Edition
2021:
2019:
2017:
1997:The History of Polish Literature, Updated Edition
1723:The History of Polish Literature, Updated Edition
1652:The History of Polish Literature, Updated Edition
1444:remains one of the most important dramas, if not
5050:
2212:
2125:
1859:"The Tale of a Forgery: Inventing the Protocols"
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1644:
1642:
369:, but was expelled from the university in 1829.
51:Napoleon Stanisław Adam Feliks Zygmunt Krasiński
2191:
2187:
2185:
2171:
2068:. University of California Press. p. 247.
2032:. University of California Press. p. 246.
2000:. University of California Press. p. 245.
1901:
1816:
1726:. University of California Press. p. 244.
1655:. University of California Press. p. 243.
1368:The Anonymous Poet of Poland: Zygmunt Krasinski
778:, recounting the story of Tsaritsa and warlord
5069:19th-century Polish dramatists and playwrights
2242:
2231:Krasiński wrote most of his poetry anonymously
2216:Literature in Exile of East and Central Europe
2165:
2046:
2014:
1987:
2626:
2563:
2145:
1935:
1933:
1830:Lerski, Jerzy Jan; Lerski, Halina T. (1996).
1696:
1639:
399:of France, he sought to gain support for the
307:; 19 February 1812 – 23 February 1859) was a
2236:
2182:
2114:
1829:
616:. On 12 April 1822 Zygmunt's mother died of
383:
334:Krasiński was the most famous member of the
2267:
2134:
1960:
1836:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 276.
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1669:
1382:Monument to Zygmunt Krasiński in Opiniogóra
406:Krasiński's early works were influenced by
2633:
2619:
2570:
2556:
2206:
2108:
1930:
1350:Congress Poland – from retribution by the
372:In 1829 Krasiński left Poland to study in
33:
1833:Historical Dictionary of Poland, 966–1945
2425:. Fundusz Nestora Rucewicza – via
2088:
1772:
1583:
1377:
1203:
1078:
911:
889:, then returned by September to Vienna.
736:
587:
465:, and predicting the destruction of the
5134:Polish counts of the Kingdom of Prussia
2273:
1966:
1943:Nineteenth-century Literature Criticism
1856:
1675:
1590:Internetowy Polski Słownik Biograficzny
1440:artist of Polish romanticism", and his
1280:, influenced by philosophers including
5104:Polish male dramatists and playwrights
5051:
2377:Zygmunt Krasiński: debiut i dojrzałość
2061:
2025:
1993:
1946:. Gale Research Company. p. 299.
1939:
1850:
1719:
1648:
1606:
1373:
628:In September 1826 Zygmunt entered the
4980:Romanticism and the French Revolution
2614:
2551:
2414:Zygmunt Krasiński przypominany i żywy
2299:
2297:
1795:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1505:
1503:
1261:"attracts no great attention today".
832:In Rome, Krasiński fell in love with
302:
2151:
2118:Zygmunt Krasiński w stulecie śmierci
1970:A Short History of Polish Literature
1747:
1745:
1743:
1596:from the original on 12 August 2019.
1501:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
2518:Works by or about Zygmunt Krasiński
2358:Zygmunt Krasiński – nowe spojrzenia
2161:(in Polish). Czytelnik. p. 10.
2062:Miłosz, Czesław (24 October 1983).
2026:Miłosz, Czesław (24 October 1983).
1994:Miłosz, Czesław (24 October 1983).
1940:Harris, Laurie Lanzen (July 1983).
1752:Floryńska-Lalewicz, Halina (2004).
1720:Miłosz, Czesław (24 October 1983).
1649:Miłosz, Czesław (24 October 1983).
1189:, predicted the destruction of the
1100:– through a return to conservative
1032:Key themes in his writings include
704:
13:
2340:
2294:
2274:Winkler, Markus (31 August 2018).
1676:Winkler, Markus (31 August 2018).
1098:restoration of Polish independence
1096:possibility of salvation – and of
1050:Some of Krasiński's work contains
14:
5145:
5084:Activists of the Great Emigration
2529:biography and poems at poezja.org
2462:
2243:Markus Winkler (31 August 2018).
1796:Segel, Harold B. (8 April 2014).
1740:
1480:
1315:A reply to "Psalms of the Future"
5074:19th-century Polish male writers
5033:
5032:
2540:
2480:
2468:
2445:Zygmunt Krasiński: oblicza poety
341:. He was born in Paris to Count
311:poet traditionally ranked after
281:
2640:
2577:
2379:(in Polish). Wiedza Powszechna.
2082:
1902:Adamiecka-Sitek, Agata (2016).
1895:
1458:History of philosophy in Poland
1303:Odpowiedź na Psalmy przyszłości
928:(likewise a friend of composer
920:For over a decade, Krasiński's
543:. In 1814 his parents moved to
457:(1834), explore the concept of
224:
1857:Bronner, Stephen Eric (2019).
1600:
1400:Polish Biographical Dictionary
553:Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
329:period of Partitions of Poland
304:[ˈzɨɡmuntkraˈɕij̃skʲi]
294:Napoleon Stanisław Adam Feliks
1:
5003:Wanderer above the Sea of Fog
2447:(in Polish). Wydawn. Arcana.
1802:. Routledge. pp. 25–31.
1473:
1138:, Adam Mickiewicz, discussed
907:
646:Imperial University of Warsaw
2495:"Krasinski, Sigismund"
2421:Stanisław Tarnowski (1893).
2405:Krasiński: życie i twórczość
2089:Cysewski, Kazimierz (1994).
1054:motifs. Political scientist
506:
7:
2539:(public domain audiobooks)
2135:Straszewska, Maria (1969).
1871:10.1007/978-3-319-95396-0_4
1584:Sudolski, Zbigniew (2016).
1451:
1427:People's Republic of Poland
948:and Zygmunt, and daughters
555:, as a client state of the
10:
5150:
4920:Coleridge's theory of life
2533:Works by Zygmunt Krasiński
2509:Works by Zygmunt Krasiński
2501:Collier's New Encyclopedia
2412:Zbigniew Sudolski (1989).
2384:Zygmunt Krasiński (2003).
2351:(in Polish). B. Świderski.
2347:Władysław Günther (1959).
2219:. Peter Lang. p. 71.
1253:, it is not on a par with
1107:
632:(a secondary school which
367:Royal University of Warsaw
5079:19th-century Polish poets
5012:
4975:Romanticism and economics
4912:
4804:
4551:
4373:
4318:
4287:
4211:
4160:
4109:
4068:
3977:
3921:
3885:
3839:
3830:
3675:
3619:
3568:
3527:
3486:
3440:
3382:
3252:
3131:
3053:
2990:Manuel Antônio de Almeida
2972:
2963:
2849:
2717:
2648:
2585:
2280:. Springer. p. 202.
2249:. Springer. p. 202.
2213:Agnieszka Gutthy (2009).
1682:. Springer. p. 203.
1169:discussed the concept of
1027:
280:
275:
261:
249:
234:
209:
165:
155:
143:
135:
125:
115:
105:
97:
89:
72:
47:
32:
25:
2755:German historical school
2192:Wacław Lednicki (1964).
2172:Wacław Lednicki (1964).
1967:Walecki, Wacław (1997).
1412:Mieczysław Giergielewicz
1386:Polish literary scholar
1212:In another prose drama,
1022:
726:, a principal figure in
451:and another major work,
435:). He is best known for
3402:Józef Ignacy Kraszewski
1607:Erlich, Victor (1962).
1257:; and Segel wrote that
1177:had coined the phrase.
855:. Autumn saw him visit
535:was stationed, and the
533:Imperial Guard Regiment
517:Maria Urszula Radziwiłł
501:
418:. In 1845 he published
257:Maria Urszula Radziwiłł
5114:Polish Roman Catholics
4985:Romanticism in science
4940:Middle Ages in history
4935:List of Romantic poets
3647:Josiah Gilbert Holland
2485:Quotations related to
2443:Andrzej Waśko (2001).
1908:Polish Theatre Journal
1863:A Rumor about the Jews
1613:Studies in Romanticism
1383:
1330:Jan Zbigniew Słojewski
1209:
1208:Posthumous photo, 1859
1088:
1069:The Merchant of Venice
987:Adam Jerzy Czartoryski
917:
742:
597:
592:Krasiński, aged 7, by
585:, to educate Zygmunt.
384:
5099:People from Dunaivtsi
4955:Romantic epistemology
4945:Opium and Romanticism
3514:Stojadinović-Srpkinja
2740:Counter-Enlightenment
2403:Tadeusz Pini (1928).
2375:Maria Janion (1962).
2155:Sto listów do Delfiny
2115:Maria Janion (1960).
1468:Romanticism in Poland
1381:
1270:philosophy of history
1207:
1116:, were influenced by
1082:
1074:western theatre canon
1064:Agata Adamiecka-Sitek
915:
740:
591:
300:Polish pronunciation:
5019:Age of Enlightenment
2661:England (literature)
2477:at Wikimedia Commons
2407:(in Polish). Wegner.
1405:Three National Bards
1356:partitions of Poland
1294:Bronisław Trentowski
1278:Psalms of the Future
1231:Psalms of the Future
1220:had no place in the
1183:July 1830 Revolution
1136:Polish Romantic poet
471:Psalms of the Future
433:Psalms of the Future
200:Psalms of the Future
4970:Romantic psychology
2765:Hudson River School
2709:Sweden (literature)
2694:Russia (literature)
2098:Prace Polonistyczne
1754:"Zygmunt Krasiński"
1586:"Zygmunt Krasiński"
1374:Critical assessment
1366:'s 1919 monograph,
1364:Monica Mary Gardner
1286:Friedrich Schelling
1255:The Undivine Comedy
1239:The Undivine Comedy
1179:The Undivine Comedy
1155:The Undivine Comedy
1140:The Undivine Comedy
1131:The Undivine Comedy
1010:Museum of Romantism
847:, then traveled to
822:The Undivine Comedy
594:Louis-René Letronne
557:First French Empire
547:, then part of the
492:The Undivine Comedy
449:The Undivine Comedy
437:The Undivine Comedy
392:The Undivine Comedy
174:The Undivine Comedy
2955:White Mountain art
2896:Historical fiction
2704:Spain (literature)
2152:Kott, Jan (1966).
1384:
1348:Russian-controlled
1290:August Cieszkowski
1210:
1185:. It contemplated
1089:
1087:and their children
971:Psalmy przyszłości
918:
743:
728:Polish Romanticism
598:
565:Józef Korzeniowski
529:Napoleon Bonaparte
521:House of Radziwill
519:, a member of the
513:Wincenty Krasiński
421:Psalmy przyszłości
343:Wincenty Krasiński
254:Wincenty Krasiński
188:Psalmy przyszłości
5129:Zygmunt Krasiński
5124:Polish messianism
5109:Polish male poets
5046:
5045:
4960:Romantic medicine
4930:List of romantics
4369:
4368:
4020:Felix Mendelssohn
4015:Fanny Mendelssohn
3826:
3825:
3540:Rosalía de Castro
3478:Soares dos Passos
2826:Transcendentalism
2790:Nazarene movement
2750:Düsseldorf School
2608:
2607:
2600:Zygmunt Krasiński
2527:Zygmunt Krasiński
2513:Project Gutenberg
2487:Zygmunt Krasiński
2475:Zygmunt Krasiński
2473:Media related to
2454:978-83-86225-39-2
2423:Zygmunt Krasiński
2395:978-83-7063-373-8
2367:978-83-231-1293-8
2310:The Polish Review
2287:978-3-476-04485-3
2256:978-3-476-04485-3
2226:978-1-4331-0490-9
2075:978-0-520-04477-7
2039:978-0-520-04477-7
2007:978-0-520-04477-7
1953:978-0-8103-5804-1
1880:978-3-319-95396-0
1843:978-0-313-26007-0
1809:978-1-134-40042-3
1733:978-0-520-04477-7
1689:978-3-476-04485-3
1662:978-0-520-04477-7
1388:Zbigniew Sudolski
1187:social revolution
1144:Collège de France
1126:Nie-boska komedia
1083:Krasiński's wife
991:Spring of Nations
887:Frankfurt am Main
827:Nie-Boska komedia
759:November Uprising
561:Helena de la Haye
463:social revolution
416:medieval chivalry
385:Nie-Boska komedia
378:November Uprising
296:Zygmunt Krasiński
289:
288:
156:Literary movement
27:Zygmunt Krasiński
5141:
5094:Krasiński family
5089:Counts of Poland
5036:
5035:
4995:Evolution theory
3837:
3836:
2970:
2969:
2831:Ukrainian school
2635:
2628:
2621:
2612:
2611:
2595:Juliusz Słowacki
2572:
2565:
2558:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2543:
2522:Internet Archive
2505:
2497:
2484:
2472:
2458:
2430:
2427:Internet Archive
2417:
2408:
2399:
2380:
2371:
2352:
2334:
2333:
2301:
2292:
2291:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2149:
2143:
2142:
2132:
2123:
2122:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2095:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2059:
2044:
2043:
2023:
2012:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1937:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1918:on 25 April 2023
1914:. Archived from
1899:
1893:
1892:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1827:
1814:
1813:
1793:
1770:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1749:
1738:
1737:
1717:
1694:
1693:
1673:
1667:
1666:
1646:
1637:
1636:
1625:10.2307/25599560
1604:
1598:
1597:
1581:
1420:
1396:
1360:Great Emigration
1338:
1311:
1102:Christian values
1058:argues that the
1018:
979:
966:
879:Juliusz Słowacki
842:
776:
763:historical novel
705:Literary travels
669:
658:
584:
576:Piotr Chlebowski
573:
484:
461:, contemplating
429:
387:
339:Krasiński family
317:Juliusz Słowacki
306:
301:
285:
270:Radziwiłł family
266:Krasiński family
228:
226:
196:
79:
76:23 February 1859
60:19 February 1812
59:
57:
37:
23:
22:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5143:
5142:
5140:
5139:
5138:
5049:
5048:
5047:
5042:
5041:
5030:
5022:
5008:
4965:Romantic poetry
4950:Romantic ballet
4925:German idealism
4908:
4874:Lacoue-Labarthe
4800:
4547:
4365:
4314:
4283:
4264:Rimsky-Korsakov
4207:
4156:
4105:
4064:
3973:
3917:
3881:
3822:
3671:
3615:
3564:
3523:
3482:
3436:
3378:
3319:Maria Edgeworth
3255:
3248:
3127:
3049:
2959:
2938:Romantic genius
2868:Gesamtkunstwerk
2845:
2806:Sturm und Drang
2713:
2644:
2639:
2609:
2604:
2590:Adam Mickiewicz
2581:
2576:
2541:
2492:
2465:
2455:
2442:
2420:
2411:
2402:
2396:
2383:
2374:
2368:
2355:
2346:
2343:
2341:Further reading
2338:
2337:
2302:
2295:
2288:
2272:
2268:
2257:
2241:
2237:
2227:
2211:
2207:
2190:
2183:
2170:
2166:
2158:
2150:
2146:
2133:
2126:
2113:
2109:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2060:
2047:
2040:
2024:
2015:
2008:
1992:
1988:
1981:
1980:978-838672636-3
1965:
1961:
1954:
1938:
1931:
1921:
1919:
1900:
1896:
1881:
1855:
1851:
1844:
1828:
1817:
1810:
1794:
1773:
1763:
1761:
1750:
1741:
1734:
1718:
1697:
1690:
1674:
1670:
1663:
1647:
1640:
1605:
1601:
1582:
1481:
1476:
1454:
1442:Undivine Comedy
1414:
1397:writes, in the
1390:
1376:
1332:
1305:
1222:Christian ethic
1167:Undivine Comedy
1159:Harold B. Segel
1110:
1056:Stephen Bronner
1045:providentialism
1030:
1025:
1012:
973:
960:
930:Frédéric Chopin
926:Delfina Potocka
916:Krasiński, 1850
910:
836:
807:Friedrich Jäger
804:ophthalmologist
780:Marina Mniszech
770:
724:Adam Mickiewicz
707:
675:Austrian Empire
663:
652:
650:Piotr Bieliński
606:Congress Poland
602:Napoleonic Wars
578:
567:
549:Duchy of Warsaw
509:
504:
496:Romantic period
478:
445:providentialism
423:
313:Adam Mickiewicz
299:
268:
256:
230:
227: 1843)
222:
218:
205:
190:
93:Opinogóra Górna
81:
77:
61:
55:
53:
52:
43:
28:
19:
12:
11:
5:
5147:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5119:Romantic poets
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
5091:
5086:
5081:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5061:
5044:
5043:
5023:
5015:
5014:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5007:
5006:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4992:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4913:Related topics
4910:
4909:
4907:
4906:
4901:
4896:
4891:
4886:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4810:
4808:
4802:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4793:
4788:
4783:
4778:
4773:
4768:
4763:
4758:
4753:
4748:
4743:
4738:
4733:
4728:
4723:
4718:
4713:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4641:Gallen-Kallela
4638:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4616:David d'Angers
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4557:
4555:
4553:Visual artists
4549:
4548:
4546:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4513:Schleiermacher
4510:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
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3778:Oehlenschläger
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3448:Castelo Branco
3444:
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3404:
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3196:
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3186:
3181:
3176:
3174:Brothers Grimm
3171:
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3146:
3141:
3135:
3133:
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2876:
2874:Gothic fiction
2871:
2864:
2862:British Marine
2859:
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2844:
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2838:
2833:
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2811:
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2809:
2797:
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2782:
2777:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2760:Gothic revival
2757:
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2747:
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2737:
2732:
2727:
2721:
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2463:External links
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2013:
2006:
1986:
1979:
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1619:(4): 193–208.
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1352:Russian Empire
1326:Kazimierz Wyka
1272:", especially
1266:lyrical poetry
1171:class struggle
1151:Czesław Miłosz
1148:Nobel laureate
1109:
1106:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
983:Cyprian Norwid
952:and Elżbieta.
942:Eliza Branicka
909:
906:
834:Joanna Bobrowa
706:
703:
661:Leon Łubieński
642:administration
508:
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459:class struggle
363:administration
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216:Eliza Branicka
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80:(aged 47)
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3733:Nikolai Gogol
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3365:
3364:P. B. Shelley
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Mary Robinson
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3079:
3076:
3074:
3073:Chateaubriand
3071:
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3066:
3064:
3061:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3052:
3046:
3043:
3041:
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3023:
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3018:
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2929:
2926:
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2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2903:
2902:Mal du siècle
2899:
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2100:(in Polish).
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1592:(in Polish).
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1463:List of Poles
1461:
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1103:
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999:
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992:
988:
984:
980:
977:
972:
967:
964:
959:
953:
951:
950:Maria Beatrix
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
924:was Countess
923:
914:
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688:
684:
680:
676:
671:
667:
662:
656:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
631:
630:Warsaw Lyceum
626:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
595:
590:
586:
582:
577:
571:
566:
562:
558:
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550:
546:
542:
539:attended his
538:
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477:
472:
468:
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446:
442:
438:
434:
430:
427:
422:
417:
414:and extolled
413:
409:
404:
402:
398:
394:
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388:
386:
379:
375:
370:
368:
364:
360:
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355:Warsaw Lyceum
352:
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344:
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332:
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326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
305:
297:
295:
284:
279:
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264:
260:
255:
252:
248:
245:
244:Maria Beatrix
241:
238:4; including
237:
233:
217:
212:
208:
201:
197:
194:
189:
185:
183:
182:
178:
176:
175:
171:
170:
168:
166:Notable works
164:
161:
158:
154:
150:
149:lyrical poems
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
104:
100:
96:
92:
90:Resting place
88:
85:
84:French Empire
75:
71:
68:
67:French Empire
64:
50:
46:
42:
36:
31:
24:
21:
16:
5031:
5024:
5017:
5001:
4721:Porto-Alegre
4375:Philosophers
4259:Rachmaninoff
3708:Chavchavadze
3698:Baratashvili
3458:João de Deus
3427:Wincenty Pol
3396:
3219:Küchelbecker
2947:
2913:Noble savage
2900:
2866:
2841:Wallenrodism
2818:
2804:
2735:Coppet group
2669:(literature)
2599:
2499:
2489:at Wikiquote
2444:
2422:
2413:
2404:
2385:
2376:
2357:
2348:
2316:(3): 81–89.
2313:
2309:
2276:
2269:
2262:authorities.
2260:
2245:
2238:
2230:
2215:
2208:
2199:
2194:
2174:
2167:
2154:
2147:
2137:
2117:
2110:
2101:
2097:
2084:
2064:
2028:
1996:
1989:
1969:
1962:
1942:
1920:. Retrieved
1916:the original
1911:
1907:
1897:
1862:
1852:
1832:
1798:
1762:. Retrieved
1757:
1722:
1678:
1671:
1651:
1616:
1612:
1602:
1589:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1423:Young Poland
1409:
1398:
1385:
1367:
1345:
1322:Maria Janion
1319:
1314:
1301:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1258:
1254:
1251:Roman Empire
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:organic work
1213:
1211:
1178:
1166:
1164:
1154:
1139:
1129:
1125:
1118:Walter Scott
1113:
1111:
1090:
1067:
1059:
1049:
1041:Christianity
1034:conservatism
1031:
1006:
1002:Polish cause
998:Napoleon III
995:
969:
956:
954:
919:
891:
872:
831:
826:
820:
811:
766:
744:
720:
708:
672:
627:
618:tuberculosis
599:
510:
491:
487:
474:
470:
452:
448:
441:conservatism
436:
432:
419:
408:Walter Scott
405:
401:Polish cause
397:Napoleon III
390:
382:
371:
351:tuberculosis
333:
293:
292:
290:
199:
186:
179:
172:
139:1820s – 1859
101:Poet, writer
78:(1859-02-23)
41:Ary Scheffer
39:Portrait by
20:
15:
5064:1859 deaths
5059:1812 births
4711:Michałowski
4543:Wackenroder
4508:F. Schlegel
4503:A. Schlegel
4279:Tchaikovsky
4168:Bortkiewicz
4040:R. Schumann
4035:C. Schumann
4000:Kalkbrenner
3969:Saint-Saëns
3274:Anne Brontë
3159:Eichendorff
3144:B. v. Arnim
3139:A. v. Arnim
2949:Weltschmerz
2908:Medievalism
2857:Blue flower
2785:Nationalist
2730:Bohemianism
2642:Romanticism
2579:Three Bards
1760:(in Polish)
1415: [
1391: [
1333: [
1306: [
1282:Georg Hegel
1218:retribution
1052:antisemitic
1013: [
974: [
961: [
837: [
771: [
712:Henry Reeve
664: [
653: [
579: [
568: [
551:, ruled by
479: [
424: [
325:Three Bards
191: [
160:Romanticism
126:Citizenship
116:Nationality
18:Polish poet
5053:Categories
4586:Chassériau
4561:Aivazovsky
4269:Rubinstein
4254:Mussorgsky
4203:Wieniawski
4188:Paderewski
4030:Moszkowski
3813:Vörösmarty
3803:Shevchenko
3657:Longfellow
3581:Batyushkov
3576:Baratynsky
3545:Espronceda
3412:Mickiewicz
3407:Malczewski
3374:Wordsworth
3359:M. Shelley
3314:de Quincey
3179:Günderrode
3063:Baudelaire
2943:Wanderlust
2780:Lake Poets
2104:: 113–155.
1758:Culture.pl
1474:References
1438:epistolary
1195:capitalism
1122:Lord Byron
1093:democratic
1038:Messianist
908:Later life
883:Gräfenberg
817:Nicholas I
687:Regensburg
412:Lord Byron
319:as one of
98:Occupation
56:1812-02-19
5026:Modernism
4686:Kiprensky
4646:Géricault
4631:Friedrich
4621:Delacroix
4596:Constable
4576:Bonington
4566:Bierstadt
4518:Senancour
4493:Schelling
4448:Lamennais
4443:Khomyakov
4408:Coleridge
4403:Chaadayev
4310:Stanković
4305:Mokranjac
4224:Balakirev
4183:Moniuszko
4132:Donizetti
4127:Cherubini
4025:Meyerbeer
4010:Marschner
3985:Beethoven
3898:Moscheles
3832:Musicians
3818:Wergeland
3783:Orbeliani
3738:Grundtvig
3642:Hawthorne
3611:Zhukovsky
3606:Vyazemsky
3591:Lermontov
3550:Gutiérrez
3509:Radičević
3473:Herculano
3397:Krasiński
3339:Radcliffe
3309:Coleridge
3284:E. Brontë
3279:C. Brontë
3209:Jean Paul
3204:Hölderlin
3093:Lamartine
3030:Magalhães
3020:Guimarães
2928:Pantheism
2918:Nostalgia
2770:Indianism
2718:Movements
2649:Countries
2322:0032-2970
2138:Romantyzm
1889:159922215
1431:communist
1298:polemical
1247:decadence
1175:Karl Marx
1153:, called
958:Przedświt
946:Władysław
898:Salzbrunn
857:Frankfurt
849:Wiesbaden
845:Kissingen
800:Innsbruck
732:High Alps
614:Opinogóra
525:Chantilly
507:Childhood
476:Przedświt
347:Radziwiłł
276:Signature
262:Relatives
240:Władysław
151:, letters
5038:Category
4854:Dahlhaus
4839:Blanning
4806:Scholars
4776:Tropinin
4771:Tidemand
4761:Stattler
4756:Scheffer
4656:Głowacki
4626:Edelfelt
4581:Bryullov
4523:Snellman
4498:Schiller
4488:Rousseau
4468:Michelet
4413:Constant
4383:Belinsky
4356:Sibelius
4300:Konjović
4274:Scriabin
4244:Lyapunov
4178:Lipiński
4147:Spontini
4137:Paganini
4081:Goldmark
3872:Thalberg
3867:Schubert
3847:Bruckner
3808:Topelius
3798:Runeberg
3788:Prešeren
3758:Leopardi
3723:Frashëri
3713:Eminescu
3693:Andersen
3601:Tyutchev
3586:Karamzin
3560:Zorrilla
3555:Saavedra
3453:Castilho
3441:Portugal
3432:Słowacki
3334:Polidori
3264:Barbauld
3199:Hoffmann
3154:Brentano
3068:Bertrand
2889:Romantic
2725:Ancients
2699:Scotland
2537:LibriVox
2437:Volume 2
2433:Volume 1
2330:25776258
1633:25599560
1594:Archived
1452:See also
1341:Jan Kott
1191:nobility
1114:Agaj-Han
869:Sorrento
798:), then
768:Agaj-Han
751:Florence
716:romantic
622:chivalry
527:, where
467:nobility
235:Children
147:dramas,
106:Language
4879:Lovejoy
4814:Abraham
4736:Richard
4726:Préault
4651:Girodet
4533:Thoreau
4478:Novalis
4463:Mazzini
4458:Maistre
4433:Hazlitt
4418:Emerson
4398:Carlyle
4388:Berchet
4331:Berwald
4326:Bennett
4295:Hristić
4249:Medtner
4229:Borodin
4219:Arensky
4142:Rossini
4117:Bellini
4096:Joachim
4069:Hungary
4050:Strauss
3978:Germany
3944:Berlioz
3913:Voříšek
3908:Smetana
3886:Czechia
3840:Austria
3773:Maturin
3768:Manzoni
3743:Heliade
3718:Foscolo
3688:Alfieri
3683:Abovian
3637:Emerson
3596:Pushkin
3535:Bécquer
3468:Garrett
3422:Potocki
3369:Southey
3329:Maturin
3299:Carlyle
3256:Britain
3229:Novalis
3184:Gutzkow
3132:Germany
3098:Mérimée
3083:Gautier
3010:Barreto
3005:Azevedo
2985:Alencar
2965:Writers
2884:Byronic
2820:Purismo
2674:Germany
2656:Denmark
2520:at the
2504:. 1921.
1922:22 July
1274:Predawn
1259:Irydion
1243:Irydion
1237:before
1235:Irydion
1214:Irydion
1173:before
1142:in his
1072:in the
938:Dresden
894:Olomouc
874:Irydion
865:Pompeii
788:Vicenza
644:at the
541:baptism
537:Emperor
488:Predawn
454:Irydion
365:at the
250:Parents
229:
221:
181:Irydion
82:Paris,
4904:Wellek
4884:de Man
4869:Janion
4859:Ferber
4834:Berlin
4829:Beiser
4824:Barzun
4819:Abrams
4796:Wiertz
4781:Turner
4731:Révoil
4716:Palmer
4706:Martin
4701:Leutze
4676:Janmot
4636:Fuseli
4591:Church
4483:Quinet
4473:Müller
4428:Goethe
4423:Fichte
4346:Franck
4288:Serbia
4239:Glinka
4212:Russia
4198:Tausig
4193:Stolpe
4173:Chopin
4161:Poland
4122:Busoni
4086:Heller
4055:Wagner
3990:Brahms
3964:Onslow
3954:Halévy
3922:France
3903:Reicha
3893:Dvořák
3862:Mahler
3857:Hummel
3852:Czerny
3748:Isaacs
3728:Geijer
3662:Lowell
3652:Irving
3632:Cooper
3627:Bryant
3569:Russia
3504:Njegoš
3499:Kostić
3494:Jakšić
3487:Serbia
3417:Norwid
3392:Fredro
3384:Poland
3354:Seward
3244:Uhland
3234:Schwab
3224:Mörike
3214:Kleist
3169:Goethe
3164:Fouqué
3113:Nodier
3108:Nerval
3103:Musset
3055:France
3045:Varela
3040:Taunay
3025:Macedo
2973:Brazil
2923:Ossian
2850:Themes
2689:Poland
2684:Norway
2666:France
2451:
2392:
2364:
2328:
2320:
2284:
2253:
2223:
2201:Poland
2072:
2036:
2004:
1977:
1950:
1887:
1877:
1840:
1806:
1764:25 May
1730:
1686:
1659:
1631:
1292:, and
1199:poetry
1060:Comedy
1028:Themes
934:Sicily
902:Gdańsk
861:Naples
796:Venice
784:Verona
753:, and
699:Geneva
693:, and
691:Zürich
679:Prague
634:Chopin
610:Podole
596:(1819)
574:, and
545:Warsaw
374:Geneva
321:Poland
309:Polish
291:Count
210:Spouse
136:Period
130:Polish
120:Polish
110:Polish
4990:Bacon
4899:Rosen
4894:Ricks
4889:Nancy
4849:Blume
4844:Bloom
4766:Stroy
4751:Saleh
4746:Runge
4696:Lampi
4681:Jones
4671:Hayez
4606:Corot
4571:Blake
4538:Tieck
4528:Staël
4453:Larra
4438:Hegel
4393:Burke
4351:Grieg
4341:Field
4336:Elgar
4319:Other
4152:Verdi
4110:Italy
4101:Liszt
4091:Hubay
4076:Erkel
4060:Weber
4045:Spohr
4005:Loewe
3995:Bruch
3959:Méhul
3949:Fauré
3939:Auber
3934:Alkan
3793:Raffi
3763:Mácha
3753:Lenau
3703:Botev
3676:Other
3528:Spain
3463:Dinis
3349:Scott
3324:Keats
3304:Clare
3294:Byron
3289:Burns
3269:Blake
3254:Great
3239:Tieck
3194:Heine
3189:Hauff
3123:Vigny
3118:Staël
3078:Dumas
3000:Assis
2995:Alves
2980:Abreu
2933:Rhine
2836:Ultra
2679:Japan
2326:JSTOR
2159:(PDF)
2094:(PDF)
1885:S2CID
1629:JSTOR
1419:]
1395:]
1337:]
1310:]
1108:Works
1085:Eliza
1023:Works
1017:]
978:]
965:]
841:]
792:Padua
775:]
747:Milan
683:Plzeň
668:]
657:]
583:]
572:]
483:]
428:]
336:noble
223:(
219:
195:]
144:Genre
63:Paris
4864:Frye
4791:Ward
4786:Veit
4741:Rude
4691:Koch
4666:Gude
4661:Goya
4611:Dahl
4601:Cole
3929:Adam
3877:Wolf
3620:U.S.
3519:Zmaj
3149:Beer
3088:Hugo
3035:Reis
3015:Dias
2879:Hero
2814:Post
2775:Jena
2745:Dark
2449:ISBN
2390:ISBN
2362:ISBN
2318:ISSN
2282:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2221:ISBN
2070:ISBN
2034:ISBN
2002:ISBN
1975:ISBN
1948:ISBN
1924:2021
1875:ISBN
1838:ISBN
1804:ISBN
1766:2020
1728:ISBN
1684:ISBN
1657:ISBN
1324:and
1276:and
1165:The
1120:and
922:muse
896:and
851:and
814:Tsar
755:Rome
695:Bern
640:and
612:and
502:Life
473:and
410:and
361:and
315:and
242:and
73:Died
48:Born
4361:Sor
4234:Cui
3667:Poe
2800:Pre
2795:Neo
2535:at
2511:at
1867:doi
1621:doi
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