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leased large areas of land from local Māori by mutual agreement. Māori owners regularly raised the annual lease fee to the annoyance of the farmers. The farmers regularly pressed Māori to sell land. Many younger chiefs were keen sellers but were thwarted by conservative older chiefs. The farmers also paid Māori to assist in building roads to help economic development. Colenso regularly counselled Māori against selling any land or helping build roads which he claimed would be disastrous for them. Colenso was especially vociferous about the farmers living with Māori women as their wives, without a
Christian marriage. Colenso also had strong views about drinking and horse racing which were a regular part of colonial life that Māori as well as settlers enjoyed. This put him in opposition to a wide range of New Zealanders. In 1847, Judge Chapman, Doctor Featherston, the bank manager McDonald and the merchant Waitt visited the Hutt valley. There was criticism of what was called "the malicious interference of Colenso".
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material for the schools. In July 1837, Colenso printed the first Māori Bible comprising three chapters of
Genesis, the 20th chapter of Exodus, the first chapter of the Gospel of St John, 30 verses of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of St Matthew, the Lord’s Prayer and some hymns. During the year ending 31 December 1840, he had printed 10,000 Catechisms, 11,000 Psalms, other religious texts and material for the schools; as well as 200 copies of the
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307:, through a son born in 1841, and that there are now more than 2000 descendants, Neho being short for Koreneho, the transliteration of Colenso into Māori. It might, however, be merely a baptismal name. Diaries from the mid-period of Colenso's life were destroyed in circumstances suggesting they told of other indiscretions. In 1853, he was convicted of a technical assault over an argument about Ripeka and their son.
387:. Their chief Henare Matua had already pronounced all land dealing with both the crown and private sales illegal. The brothers persuaded Māori that legal action against large land owners such as Donald McLean would succeed. Colenso advised Māori not to take a legal path that would leave them deep in debt. Lawyer and later Government Native Minister
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By July 1837, he had printed and bound 2,000 copies of the
Epistles to the Ephesians and Philippians, as well as printing addition, multiplication, and shillings-and-pence tables for the schools. Then by 5 January 1836, he had composed and printed 1,000 copies of St Luke's Gospel, as well as further
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then south to pass by the
Tongariro and Ruapehu mountains. He visited regularly the Wairapara and Hutt districts, where he was frequently at odds with the European lessees of sheep and cattle stations such as Kelly, McMaster, Grindell and Gillies. In 1845, about a dozen sheep and cattle farmers had
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He died in Napier in 1899, leaving two sons and a daughter. His son from Ripeka, Wiremu/William, left New
Zealand for Cornwall, married a cousin and lived in Penzance until his death. His son from Elizabeth Fairburn, Ridley Latimer, attended
303:, in May 1850. In November 1851, Colenso was suspended as a deacon and dismissed from the mission in 1852. Te Roore Neho claims to be descended from Colenso and "a high-ranking Māori woman", Tihi Awarua of the Ngāti Mahia hapū (subtribe) of
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His standing in New
Zealand colonial society and the Church Missionary Society, along with his fervent hope of ordination, was lost when it was discovered that he was the father of a son (Wiremu) by Ripeka, the Māori maid of his wife,
283:. His use of existing Māori routes into the interior contributed greatly to the European exploration of the central North Island. One of his journeys, between December 1841 and February 1842, was across the North Island and up to the
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406:. He left Francis £2000 in cash, Latimer most of his estate and £200 in cash; Latimer sold quickly or destroyed most of his collections. Neither of his sons had surviving children – Frances had nine.
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translation of the New
Testament in 1837. It was the first book printed in New Zealand and the first indigenous language translation of the Bible published in the southern hemisphere.
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Founded in 2010 by academics and historians across New
Zealand, the Colenso Society aims to "promote the study of the life and work of the Reverend William Colenso FLS FRS".
1776:
255:, Colenso made several long exploratory journeys through the central North Island in the company of Māori guides with the aim of reaching the inland Māori settlements of
391:, who spoke fluent Māori, acted on behalf of the Repudiation Movement. Matua attempted to stand as an MP but lost and the movement, deep in debt, petered out.
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202:, warned him that Māori he had spoken to did not understand the Treaty, and asked for the orally-agreed Article Four of the Treaty to be added in writing.
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A press at ‘Haven of
History’, a reconstruction of the Church Missionary Society mission station in Paihia, with a press in the style of Colenso's.
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when he visited the Bay of
Islands from 18 August to 23 November 1841. In 1866, he was the first New Zealander to be elected as a
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Following a long wilderness period during which he continued his botany work, he took an active role as a local politician in
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had been persuaded by farmers, the Russell Brothers, that they could get their land back in what came to be known as the
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In 1890 he published a first-person account of the signing of the Treaty, at which he had taken extensive notes.
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region, and converting them to Christianity. His travels took him through trackless forest, over the high
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to New Zealand, and also a printer, botanist, explorer and politician. He attended the signing of the
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William Colenso, printer, missionary, botanist, explorer, politician : his life and journeys
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From 1845, Colenso undertook lengthy journeys every spring and autumn. In 1847, he travelled to
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He trained as a printer's apprentice then travelled to New Zealand in 1834 to work for the
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154:. His surname is locative and it originates from the place name Colenso in the parish of
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on 27 April 1843. William and Elizabeth Colenso worked at the Waitangi (between
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Bible & treaty : missionaries among the Māori : a new perspective
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about Bishop Colenso of Natal and his cousin William Colenso, the naturalist
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In 1871, Colenso was the speaker at the Hawkes Bay Provincial Council when
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The Authentic and Genuine History of the Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi
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The Authentic and Genuine History of the Signing of the Treaty of Waitangi
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590:"Blain Biographical Directory of Anglican clergy in the South Pacific"
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as a printer/missionary. He was responsible for the printing of the
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Bible & Treaty, Missionaries among the Māori – a new perspective
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The first public notice in New Zealand, printed by Colenso's press
519:. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 22 March 1909.
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New Zealand politician, missionary, botanist, printer and explorer
626:. Wellington: By Authority of George Didsbury, Government Printer
471:. Wellington: By Authority of George Didsbury, Government Printer
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in England previously unrecorded New Zealand flora. He assisted
654:. Oxford & New York: Oxford University Press. p. 118.
251:) Mission from 1844. In the 1840s, from his mission station in
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1014:"Dangers and Fatigues of Missionary Travelling in New Zealand"
971:"Heritage Trails: Building the Backbone – Contractor Magazine"
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Many species have been named in honour of Colenso including
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Botanical Discovery in New Zealand: The Resident Botanists
986:"Advancement of a Christian New Zealander in Civilisation"
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on 22 September 1844 following his theological studies at
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784:(ENZB), University of Auckland Library. 1841. p. 519
740:(ENZB), University of Auckland Library. 1836. p. 563
511:. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 1887.
503:. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 1884.
491:. Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand. 1880.
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The Canoes of Kupe: A History of Martinborough District
1150:(3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer. p. 161.
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He was an avid botanist; detailing and transmitting to
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Historical Incidents and Traditions of the Olden Times
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and later wrote an account of the events at Waitangi.
1178:– via Te Ara – the Encyclopedia of New Zealand.
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On 5 February 1840, Colenso recorded and interpreted
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Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
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421:is used to indicate this person as the author when
1371:New Zealand Explorers: Great Journeys of Discovery
1021:. London: Church Missionary Society. November 1849
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917:"Site of William Colenso's mission station, Clive"
852:Brief History of St John Baptist Church Te Waimate
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517:"List of articles by William Colenso (from c1877)"
499:A list of fungi recently discovered in New Zealand
892:"Waitangi Mission Station 1844–1852, Hawke's Bay"
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1456:Transactions of the Royal Society of New Zealand
951:. London: Church Missionary Society. August 1851
1463:"Archival material relating to William Colenso"
1391:The Hungry Heart: Journeys with William Colenso
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993:. London: Church Missionary Society. March 1843
509:"A description of a new species of Coccinella"
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1792:New Zealand MPs for North Island electorates
1374:. Christchurch, NZ: Whitcoulls Publishers.
1148:New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949
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1577:Protestant missions to the Pacific Islands
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1317:. Wellington, N.Z.: A.H. & A.W. Reed.
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1266:. New Zealand Plant Conservation Network
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761:Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams
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1503:Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
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1311:Bagnall, A.G.; Petersen, G.C. (1948).
1292:. Hawke's Bay Museum & Art Gallery
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1732:19th-century New Zealand politicians
1214:"Ridley Latimer COLENSO (CLNS870RL)"
1052:Murray, Janet E. (30 October 2012).
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1727:19th-century British businesspeople
1448:Dictionary of New Zealand Biography
1058:Dictionary of New Zealand biography
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684:Dictionary of New Zealand biography
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158:, near Penzance in west Cornwall.
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146:, Cornwall, he was the cousin of
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1742:Botanists active in New Zealand
1529:Member of Parliament for Napier
1437:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
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1168:An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
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1081:The Turanga journals, 1840–1850
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364:. He represented Napier as the
1757:Cornish Christian missionaries
1630:List of missionaries to Hawaii
821:. North Shore N.Z.: Penguin.
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1747:British Anglican missionaries
1671:South Seas Evangelical Church
1483:The Cyclopedia of New Zealand
1328:. Victoria University Press.
1165:. In McLintock, A. H. (ed.).
1161:Foster, Bernard John (1966).
1084:. F. Porter (Ed). p. 40.
1019:The Church Missionary Gleaner
991:The Church Missionary Gleaner
949:The Church Missionary Gleaner
865:Hooker, J.D. (3 March 2018).
179:for the colonial government.
1772:Fellows of the Royal Society
1500:in Signposts – a blog about
874:Colenso Society (Supplement)
759:Rogers, Lawrence M. (1973).
400:St John's College, Cambridge
213:, which was then located at
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1218:A Cambridge Alumni Database
230:Fellow of the Royal Society
10:
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1651:Baptist Missionary Society
1349:The Controversial Colensos
1322:McIntyre, Roberta (2002).
1220:. University of Cambridge.
1078:Williams, William (1974).
524:
376:to 1866, when he retired.
271:and past the mountains of
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1443:William Colenso biography
778:"The Missionary Register"
734:"The Missionary Register"
648:; Hodges, Flavia (1998).
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1812:Scientists from Cornwall
1767:Explorers of New Zealand
651:A Dictionary of Surnames
1797:New Zealand naturalists
1368:Temple, Philip (1985).
850:Bedggood, W.E. (1971).
782:Early New Zealand Books
738:Early New Zealand Books
704:Newman, Keith (2010) .
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1817:Fairburn–Newman family
1513:New Zealand Parliament
1454:1899, Appreciation in
1264:"Acrothamnus colensoi"
944:"Karepa, of Te Hawera"
815:Newman, Keith (2010).
313:New Zealand Parliament
1787:New Zealand explorers
1389:Wells, Peter (2011).
1286:"The Colenso Society"
43:William Colenso, 1898
1807:People from Penzance
1782:Missionary botanists
1666:Mission to the World
1467:UK National Archives
1352:. Dyllansow Truran.
1054:"Colenso, Elizabeth"
576:Notes and references
441:Acrothamnus colensoi
385:Repudiation Movement
366:Member of Parliament
226:Joseph Dalton Hooker
196:Te Tiriti o Waitangi
148:John William Colenso
128:Christian missionary
1698:Christianity Portal
1639:Missionary agencies
1522:Henry Powning Stark
1493:by W. R. B. Oliver
1191:, pp. 106–107.
412:author abbreviation
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176:New Zealand Gazette
89:Napier, New Zealand
1121:, p. 262-275.
1097:, p. 120-121.
680:"Colenso, William"
404:Ōtaki, New Zealand
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237:Elizabeth Fairburn
215:Te Waimate mission
205:He was ordained a
192:Treaty of Waitangi
132:Treaty of Waitangi
108:Elizabeth Fairburn
1704:
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1600:Missions timeline
1545:
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1536:Succeeded by
1400:978 1 86979 474 3
1381:978-0-7233-0743-3
1359:978-1-85022-047-3
1335:978-0-86473-446-4
1133:, pp. 63–64.
1042:, pp. 48–56.
828:978-0-14-320408-4
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136:
112:
111:
110:(married 1843)
105:
101:
100:
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85:(aged 87)
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61:
50:
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30:
15:
9:
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1189:McIntyre 2002
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923:. 1 July 2015
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921:teara.govt.nz
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661:0-19-211592-8
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265:Ruahine Range
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1618:Missionaries
1590:Christianity
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1344:Rowse, A. L.
1324:
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1294:. Retrieved
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1268:. Retrieved
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475:16 September
473:. Retrieved
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389:John Sheehan
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337:–1866
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83:(1899-02-10)
24:
1722:1899 deaths
1717:1811 births
1393:. Vintage.
1063:24 November
896:NZ Topo Map
708:. Penguin.
599:12 December
353:Independent
326:Electorate
253:Hawke's Bay
235:He married
222:Kew Gardens
1711:Categories
1583:Background
1533:1861–1866
1296:7 February
1231:Wells 2011
1201:Wells 2011
1119:Wells 2011
1107:Wells 2011
1095:Wells 2011
1025:17 October
997:12 October
955:18 October
880:(3): 1–76.
803:Wells 2011
689:7 December
281:Lake Taupō
99:Missionary
96:Occupation
55:1811-11-17
19:See also:
1445:from the
1432:Biography
1146:(1950) .
927:20 August
901:20 August
837:655641724
630:31 August
372:from the
277:Tongariro
259:, in the
188:rangatira
156:St Hilary
1434:in 1966
1346:(1989).
1174:20 April
620:(1890).
485:"Paper:
465:(1890).
368:for the
186:chiefs (
144:Penzance
142:Born in
67:Cornwall
63:Penzance
788:9 March
744:9 March
525:Gallery
417:Colenso
305:Ngāpuhi
273:Ruapehu
261:Taihape
245:Awatoto
125:Cornish
71:England
1485:, 1908
1397:
1378:
1356:
1332:
1270:19 May
835:
825:
720:pp 110
712:
658:
595:. 2015
423:citing
362:Napier
346:Napier
329:Party
320:Years
249:Napier
207:Deacon
200:Hobson
123:was a
104:Spouse
1479:Entry
870:(PDF)
593:(PDF)
323:Term
292:Taupō
257:Patea
241:Clive
184:Māori
1395:ISBN
1376:ISBN
1354:ISBN
1330:ISBN
1298:2017
1272:2016
1176:2022
1065:2015
1027:2015
999:2015
957:2015
929:2021
903:2021
833:OCLC
823:ISBN
790:2019
746:2019
710:ISBN
691:2015
656:ISBN
632:2011
601:2015
477:2011
335:1861
275:and
243:and
138:Life
78:Died
49:Born
1481:in
341:3rd
121:FRS
1713::
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53:(
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