740:
720:
1550:
728:
145:
89:
1366:
1156:
75:
1067:
1319:
455:
430:
1012:
708:
1295:
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1203:
1085:
1031:
1464:
1420:
1048:
1119:
1498:
1447:
1176:
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1478:
1137:
1387:
1255:
1334:
596:
abruptly imposed his reforms without even a semblance of consultation with the population, which actually included an influential urban intelligentsia and other segments of the ruling classes who were highly receptive to such innovations. The
Emperor's
609:
and
Luxembourg. Feudal and trade corporation regulations and jurisdictions were modified or abolished, and the authorities abolished the ancient provinces of Flanders, Brabant, Hainaut, Namur, and Luxembourg, replacing them with 9 circles
2317:
in 1776 served as models for the
Declaration of Independence of Flanders and some of the other provinces between November 1789 and early 1790. Shortly afterwards, the Articles of Confederation served as a model for the
739:
2340:
Realizing the fragility of the new state, Van der Noot approached foreign states for support and suggested a unification with the Dutch
Republic, with little success. Furthermore, the
601:
of 1781 established religious freedom. Another edict in 1784 removed from the
Catholic clergy responsibility for the civil registry, and civil marriage was introduced. Under the
2538:"In Flanders Fields: "Om niet te delen in haar zonden" (Op. 18, 4). Beschouwingen over de rechtvaardiging van secessie bij aantasting van de "vrijheit hunder constitutien""
2541:
2449:
1549:
267:
2637:
2205:
In 1789, a church-inspired popular revolt broke out in reaction to the emperor's centralizing and anticlerical policies. Two factions appeared: the
605:(1780), contemplative religious orders, deemed useless, were dissolved and diocesan seminaries were abolished and replaced by general seminaries in
2078:
1424:
719:
2026:
236:
2364:
succeeded him as emperor. Leopold II quickly moved to recapture the
Austrian Netherlands. On 24 October 1790 imperial troops took the city of
2264:
2504:
Documents
Illustrating the History of Belgium. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, External Trade and Cooperation in Development. Brussels. 1978.
2192:
144:
2632:
2642:
2314:
2379:
The
Austrian restoration and hegemony was historically brief however, as the region was overrun by French armies in 1794 during the
2221:
who initially supported the reforms but then joined the opposition, due to the clumsy way in which the reforms were carried out.
1451:
2657:
2647:
1876:
158:
2508:
2576:
2271:
88:
2537:
2232:, which in January 1789 declared that it no longer recognized the emperor's rule. The leader of the Statisten faction,
623:
334:
2445:
2484:
2404:
2279:
2067:
2004:
1885:
1568:
1437:
2185:
2267:
1586:
2652:
2627:
2361:
2293:
Van der Noot now declared
Brabant independent, and all the other provinces of the Austrian Netherlands (except
2153:
2357:
2306:
658:
593:
556:
311:
74:
1709:
2330:
1691:
1160:
2297:) soon followed suit. On 11 January 1790 they signed a pact, establishing a confederation under the name
2178:
2149:
2145:
1652:
1529:
1052:
602:
389:
255:
2380:
2256:
712:
278:
2089:
1323:
589:
designed to radically modernize and centralize the political, judicial and administrative systems.
1559:
727:
2157:
2056:
1916:
839:
94:
690:
2391:
Though short-lived, the United
Belgian States had long-lasting repercussions. It had given the
2319:
2046:
1993:
1728:
1207:
347:
1926:
1392:
1365:
2392:
2119:
1905:
1826:
1817:
1806:
1774:
1749:
1624:
1299:
1229:
1155:
598:
586:
574:
540:
448:
435:
2420:
2334:
1338:
551:. It existed from January to December 1790 as part of the unsuccessful revolt against the
8:
2403:. In 1830, the inhabitants of the Southern Netherlands successfully revolted against the
2294:
2129:
2109:
1983:
1795:
1784:
1681:
1671:
1400:
1274:
1237:
1180:
221:
2326:
1848:
2609:
2425:
2408:
2233:
2225:
2207:
1895:
1837:
1718:
1538:
1519:
1377:
1106:
1066:
922:
732:
686:
682:
568:
548:
360:
321:
297:
2582:
2572:
2310:
2283:
1370:
1123:
1035:
811:
578:
552:
163:
1318:
2369:
2229:
1948:
1937:
1071:
915:
618:), subdivided in 64 districts. Seigneurial jurisdictions and rights, including the
196:
1739:
2512:
2505:
2376:
followed suit, and by December the entire territory was again in imperial hands.
2218:
2015:
1141:
1016:
897:
662:
650:
627:
611:
513:
201:
191:
80:
52:
2601:
2245:
2237:
2168:
2099:
1634:
1259:
984:
954:
797:
670:
521:
497:
214:
186:
129:
115:
37:
2586:
1294:
2621:
2373:
2036:
1973:
1858:
875:
830:
751:
639:
582:
533:
401:
226:
1269:
1224:
1202:
1084:
707:
2396:
2372:
to recognize the authority of the emperor. Two days later, the province of
2365:
1030:
1011:
962:
868:
654:
2480:
1463:
1419:
1613:
1468:
1047:
977:
776:
693:
having previously held the title of minister plenipotentiary of Brabant (
2569:
The United States of Belgium: The Story of the First Belgian Revolution
1502:
481:
2515:. (Memo from Belgium, Views and Surveys series, number 180). Page 198.
2337:
which joined the United Belgian States in a semblance of an alliance.
1118:
2213:
1497:
1446:
1175:
932:
619:
2275:
2252:
1599:
1101:
1089:
790:
678:
677:), the confederal government. The Sovereign Congress was seated in
646:
642:
536:
396:
229:
173:
1477:
2287:
1603:
1482:
1386:
783:
681:
and consisted of representatives of each of the eight provinces.
585:'s death in 1780, decreed a series of large-scale reforms in the
544:
476:
2518:
1136:
1661:
1595:
996:
765:
758:
606:
630:
as the language of administration for the sake of efficiency.
2260:
2241:
1254:
2348:
factions were in constant conflict, bordering on civil war.
1333:
2305:(United Belgian States) and a governing body known as the
2399:, and had sparked a new political idea: the state of
577:, Emperor Joseph II, who became sole ruler of the
2263:was taken on 13 November, and on 17 November the
2248:, the northern (Dutch Republic) part of Brabant.
2619:
2383:, and was annexed by France on 1 October 1795.
2186:
2351:
2251:In October, he invaded Brabant and captured
694:
149:The United Belgian States' territory in 1790
44:
506:
121:
107:
29:
2638:States and territories established in 1790
2193:
2179:
143:
2506:Volume 2: From Prehistoric Times to 1830
2411:, creating the modern state of Belgium.
738:
726:
718:
706:
16:18th century republic in the Netherlands
2620:
743:Surrender of Brussels, 2 December 1790
649:which had their own governments, were
2566:
2524:
2282:withdrew behind the citadel walls of
896:
723:The Battle of Ghent, 13 November 1789
702:
2478:
696:Ministre Plénipotentiaire du Brabant
657:, and were governed directly by the
2320:Treaty of the United Belgian States
626:, Joseph II attempted to introduce
237:President of the Sovereign Congress
13:
2633:Former states in the Low Countries
279:President of the National Congress
14:
2669:
2595:
2255:, defeating the Austrians in the
2211:who opposed the reforms, and the
1569:Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes
2643:1790 disestablishments in Europe
2162:
1548:
1496:
1476:
1462:
1445:
1418:
1385:
1364:
1332:
1317:
1293:
1268:
1253:
1223:
1201:
1174:
1154:
1135:
1117:
1100:
1083:
1065:
1046:
1029:
1010:
638:The United Belgian States was a
453:
428:
87:
73:
2544:from the original on 2021-02-26
2487:from the original on 2022-09-21
2452:from the original on 2019-12-19
2559:
2530:
2498:
2472:
2463:
2438:
2236:, crossed the border into the
1:
2658:1790 in the Habsburg monarchy
2648:1790 establishments in Europe
2431:
903:
881:
858:
816:
802:
562:
372:• Surrender of Brussels
2527:, pp. 166–167, 179–184.
2299:Verenigde Nederlandse Staten
502:Verenigde Nederlandse Staten
7:
2610:Text of the Treaty of Union
2602:Text of the Treaty of Union
2414:
2315:Declaration of Independence
2240:and raised a small army in
1425:Princip. of the Netherlands
633:
135:"The Kingdom is the Lord's"
10:
2674:
2368:, forcing the province of
2325:Independently, in 1789, a
1517:
1469:Kingdom of the Netherlands
1438:Kingdom of the Netherlands
685:served in the capacity of
603:Edict on Idle Institutions
566:
508:Verenigde Belgische Staten
390:Brabant Revolution coinage
31:Verenigde Belgische Staten
2386:
2381:French Revolutionary Wars
2352:Suppression of the Revolt
2313:in 1581 and the American
1692:Prince-Bishopric of Liège
1493:
1491:
1475:
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1436:
1431:
1417:
1412:
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945:
931:
914:
874:
851:
845:
838:
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782:
775:
764:
762:
749:
689:, retaining the title of
469:
407:
395:
384:
380:
370:
357:
344:
331:
327:
317:
307:
303:
291:
287:
277:
273:
261:
249:
245:
235:
220:
210:
179:
169:
154:
142:
103:
69:
64:
21:
1324:United States of Belgium
691:minister plenipotentiary
622:, were abolished. As in
547:) established under the
530:United States of Belgium
1966:20th and 21st centuries
985:Duchy of Lower Lorraine
2335:established a republic
2333:. The revolutionaries
1208:Burgundian Netherlands
978:Kingdom of Lotharingia
744:
736:
724:
716:
695:
674:
666:
615:
525:
517:
507:
501:
122:
108:
45:
30:
2653:Former confederations
2628:United Belgian States
2571:. Leuven: Leuven UP.
2395:their first taste of
2360:died and his brother
2278:. The remains of the
1393:French First Republic
742:
730:
722:
710:
528:), also known as the
494:United Belgian States
180:Common languages
23:United Belgian States
2567:Judge, Jane (2015).
2446:"Henri de Crumpipen"
2393:Southern Netherlands
2356:On 27 February 1790
2322:of 11 January 1790.
2303:États-Belgiques-Unis
2047:Reign of Leopold III
1818:Southern Netherlands
1775:Northern Renaissance
1300:Austrian Netherlands
1230:Habsburg Netherlands
592:Characteristically,
587:Austrian Netherlands
541:Southern Netherlands
532:, was a short-lived
518:États-Belgiques-Unis
449:Austrian Netherlands
436:Austrian Netherlands
335:Manifesto of Brabant
46:États-Belgiques-Unis
2469:Bitsch, pp. 56, 62.
1927:Reign of Leopold II
1796:Seventeen Provinces
1401:First French Empire
1275:Spanish Netherlands
1238:Seventeen Provinces
735:, 22 September 1790
2511:2022-09-22 at the
2426:Brabant Revolution
2409:Belgian Revolution
2329:had broken out in
2307:Sovereign Congress
2257:Battle of Turnhout
2234:Henri Van der Noot
2169:Belgium portal
2156: •
2152: •
2148: •
2120:Reign of Albert II
1906:Reign of Leopold I
1896:Belgian Revolution
1838:Brabant Revolution
1719:Franco-Flemish War
1520:Brabant Revolution
1483:Kingdom of Belgium
1378:Kingdom of Holland
923:Carolingian Empire
745:
737:
733:Battle of Falmagne
725:
717:
713:Battle of Turnhout
703:Brabant Revolution
687:Head of government
683:Henri Van der Noot
675:Soevereine Congres
659:Sovereign Congress
599:edict of tolerance
573:Influenced by the
569:History of Belgium
549:Brabant Revolution
526:Foederatum Belgium
361:Battle of Falmagne
322:Brabant Revolution
312:Sovereign Congress
298:Henri Van der Noot
268:Henri de Crumpipen
159:Unrecognized state
2578:978-94-6166-263-7
2421:Republic of Liège
2311:Act of Abjuration
2203:
2202:
2138:
2137:
2130:Reign of Philippe
2110:Reign of Baudouin
2079:German occupation
2027:German occupation
1984:Reign of Albert I
1957:
1956:
1867:
1866:
1779:15th–16th century
1758:
1757:
1700:
1699:
1653:Early Middle Ages
1643:
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1625:Ambiorix's revolt
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1371:Batavian Republic
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809:
715:, 27 October 1789
667:Congrès souverain
490:
489:
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366:22 September 1790
256:François de Nélis
164:Holy Roman Empire
109:Domini Est Regnum
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2188:
2181:
2167:
2166:
2165:
1970:
1969:
1949:Congo Free State
1917:Treaty of London
1882:
1881:
1849:Liège Revolution
1771:
1770:
1715:
1714:
1658:
1657:
1592:
1591:
1565:
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1542:
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1500:
1485:
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1471:
1466:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1427:
1422:
1403:
1395:
1391:associated with
1389:
1380:
1373:
1368:
1342:
1336:
1327:
1321:
1303:
1297:
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1272:
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916:Frankish Kingdom
908:
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162:Vassal state of
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2513:Wayback Machine
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2272:Maria Christina
2259:on 27 October.
2219:Jan Frans Vonck
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750:History of the
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376:2 December 1790
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2596:External links
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2483:. rulers.org.
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2268:Albert Casimir
2246:Staats-Brabant
2238:Dutch Republic
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2154:Jewish history
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2100:Royal Question
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1639:51 BC–c.500 AD
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1630:
1627:
1623: •
1620:
1619:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1571:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1554:
1553:
1545:
1544:
1535:
1534:
1527:
1518:Main article:
1514:
1513:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1488:
1474:
1459:
1458:
1443:
1434:
1433:
1430:
1415:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1383:
1361:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1330:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1308:
1306:
1291:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1281:
1266:
1260:Dutch Republic
1250:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1172:
1152:
1115:
1098:
1063:
1044:
1027:
1006:
1005:
1003:
1001:
999:
993:
992:
990:
974:
973:
971:
960:
955:Middle Francia
951:
950:
947:
946:
944:
942:
939:
938:
929:
928:
913:
911:
894:
893:
891:
889:
873:
866:
849:
848:
846:
844:
842:
837:
835:
828:
825:
824:
798:Gallia Belgica
795:
781:
774:
771:
770:
763:
761:
755:
754:
704:
701:
635:
632:
579:Habsburg lands
564:
561:
488:
487:
485:
484:
479:
473:
471:
467:
466:
463:
462:
459:
458:
451:
442:
439:
438:
433:
421:
420:
415:
405:
404:
399:
393:
392:
386:
382:
381:
378:
377:
374:
371:
368:
367:
364:
358:
355:
354:
351:
345:
342:
341:
338:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
319:
318:Historical era
315:
314:
309:
305:
304:
301:
300:
295:
292:
289:
288:
285:
284:
281:
275:
274:
271:
270:
265:
262:
259:
258:
253:
250:
247:
246:
243:
242:
239:
233:
232:
224:
218:
217:
215:Roman Catholic
212:
208:
207:
205:
204:
199:
194:
189:
183:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
166:
156:
152:
151:
148:
140:
139:
134:
101:
100:
93:
86:
85:
79:
72:
71:
70:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
57:
42:
26:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2670:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2623:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2600:
2599:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2564:
2543:
2539:
2533:
2526:
2521:
2514:
2510:
2507:
2501:
2486:
2482:
2481:"Index Ng-Nz"
2479:Schemmel, B.
2475:
2466:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2374:West Flanders
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2332:
2328:
2323:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2269:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2209:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2064:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2044:
2040:
2038:
2037:Ruanda-Urundi
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1977:
1975:
1974:Belgian Congo
1972:
1971:
1963:
1962:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1934:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1903:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1834:
1830:
1828:
1827:Austrian rule
1825:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1808:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1792:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1751:
1750:Habsburg rule
1748:
1747:
1743:
1741:
1740:Wars of Liège
1737:
1736:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1726:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1705:
1695:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1582:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1484:
1479:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1453:
1448:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1408:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1379:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1349:
1346:
1340:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1320:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1301:
1296:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1271:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1239:
1231:
1226:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1197:
1196:
1186:
1177:
1173:
1164:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1138:
1127:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1086:
1075:
1068:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1039:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1013:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
986:
979:
975:
966:
956:
952:
948:
943:
941:
940:
934:
930:
924:
917:
912:
899:
895:
892:
890:
877:
876:Salian Franks
872:
867:
854:
850:
847:
843:
841:
836:
834:
832:Salian Franks
829:
827:
826:
813:
799:
794:
787:
780:
773:
772:
769:
760:
757:
756:
753:
752:Low Countries
748:
741:
734:
729:
721:
714:
709:
700:
697:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:
631:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
608:
604:
600:
595:
590:
588:
584:
583:Maria Theresa
580:
576:
575:Enlightenment
570:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
509:
503:
499:
495:
483:
480:
478:
475:
474:
472:
470:Today part of
468:
452:
450:
447:
446:
443:
437:
434:
427:
426:
423:
422:
419:
416:
414:
411:
410:
406:
403:
400:
398:
397:ISO 3166 code
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
369:
365:
362:
356:
352:
349:
343:
339:
336:
330:
326:
323:
320:
316:
313:
310:
306:
302:
299:
296:
290:
286:
282:
280:
276:
272:
269:
266:
260:
257:
254:
248:
244:
240:
238:
234:
231:
228:
225:
223:
219:
216:
213:
209:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
184:
182:
178:
175:
172:
168:
165:
160:
157:
153:
146:
141:
131:
124:
117:
110:
106:
102:
96:
90:
82:
76:
68:
63:
54:
47:
43:
39:
32:
28:
27:
20:
2568:
2546:. Retrieved
2532:
2525:Judge (2015)
2520:
2500:
2489:. Retrieved
2474:
2465:
2454:. Retrieved
2440:
2400:
2397:independence
2390:
2378:
2355:
2345:
2341:
2339:
2324:
2309:. The Dutch
2302:
2298:
2292:
2250:
2223:
2212:
2206:
2204:
2057:World War II
1877:19th century
1807:Dutch Revolt
1785:Spanish rule
1767:Early Modern
1682:Carolingians
1672:Merovingians
1573:4300–2200 BC
1054:Bishopric of
852:
637:
591:
572:
543:(modern-day
529:
505:
493:
491:
418:Succeeded by
417:
412:
293:• 1790
263:• 1790
251:• 1790
105:Motto:
104:
95:Coat of arms
2605:(in French)
2560:Works cited
2407:during the
2405:Netherlands
2228:started in
1994:World War I
1859:French rule
1710:Middle Ages
1614:Gallic Wars
1539:History of
1441:(1815–1830)
1428:(1813–1815)
1404:(1804–1815)
1396:(1795–1804)
1381:(1806–1810)
1374:(1795–1806)
1304:(1714–1795)
1279:(1556–1714)
1264:(1581–1795)
1233:(1482–1795)
1211:(1384–1482)
1190:(1059–1443)
1131:(1071–1432)
1096:(1046–1543)
1079:(1183–1430)
853:unpopulated
655:independent
413:Preceded by
308:Legislature
2622:Categories
2613:(in Dutch)
2587:1136323393
2548:2021-01-19
2491:2022-09-21
2456:2019-12-18
2432:References
2362:Leopold II
2327:revolution
2295:Luxembourg
2284:Luxembourg
2217:named for
2016:Atrocities
1938:School War
1886:Dutch rule
1635:Roman rule
1560:Prehistory
1343:(1789–'91)
1241:after 1543
1169:(980–1794)
1149:(981–1421)
1113:(862–1384)
1061:(695–1456)
1042:(880–1432)
981:(855– 959)
907: 6th
885: 5th
862: 5th
820: 5th
806: 5th
640:confederal
567:See also:
563:Background
534:confederal
482:Luxembourg
227:Confederal
222:Government
2358:Joseph II
2265:governors
2214:Vonckists
2124:1993–2013
2090:Holocaust
1953:1885–1908
1931:1865–1909
1863:1793–1815
1811:1568–1648
1789:1556–1714
1754:1482–1556
1733:1384–1482
1723:1297–1305
1142:County of
1124:County of
1107:County of
1036:County of
958:(843–855)
936:(511–687)
933:Austrasia
926:(800–843)
919:(481–843)
651:sovereign
647:provinces
645:of eight
594:Joseph II
557:Joseph II
555:Emperor,
211:Religion
137:"Freedom"
2542:Archived
2509:Archived
2485:Archived
2450:Archived
2415:See also
2346:Vonckist
2276:Brussels
2253:Turnhout
2226:uprising
2208:Statists
2150:Military
2146:Timeline
2068:Invasion
2005:Invasion
1696:980–1789
1629:54–53 BC
1618:58–50 BC
1600:Eburones
1530:a series
1528:Part of
1503:Gr D. of
1452:Gr D. L.
1399:part of
1339:R. Liège
1181:Duchy of
1163:of Liège
1161:P.-Bish.
1109:Flanders
1092:Guelders
1090:Duchy of
1072:Duchy of
1025:century)
1023:(11–16th
792:Tubantes
679:Brussels
643:republic
634:Politics
553:Habsburg
537:republic
385:Currency
230:Republic
174:Brussels
123:Libertas
2401:Belgium
2342:Statist
2288:Antwerp
2230:Brabant
2114:1951–93
2104:1944–50
2094:1941–44
2083:1940–44
2061:1940–45
2051:1934–51
2041:1922–62
2031:1914–18
1998:1914–18
1988:1909–34
1978:1908–60
1942:1879–84
1910:1831–65
1900:1830–31
1890:1815–30
1853:1789–91
1842:1789–90
1831:1714–93
1800:1549–81
1744:1465–68
1686:751–987
1676:481–751
1604:Treveri
1587:Ancient
1541:Belgium
1511:(1890–)
1486:(1830–)
1472:(1839–)
1456:(1815–)
1432:
1413:
1410:
1359:
1356:
1351:
1314:
1290:
1283:
1246:
1198:
1126:Hainaut
1074:Brabant
1057:Utrecht
1038:Holland
1019:Freedom
1017:Frisian
965:Francia
801:(55 BC–
785:Chamavi
779:nefates
624:Hungary
545:Belgium
539:in the
477:Belgium
359:•
346:•
333:•
197:Walloon
170:Capital
2585:
2575:
2387:Legacy
1666:
1662:Franks
1608:~51 BC
1602:&
1596:Belgae
1532:on the
1505:Luxem-
1328:(1790)
1183:Luxem-
997:Frisia
988:(959–)
969:(843–)
870:Saxons
840:Batavi
767:Belgae
759:Frisii
663:French
628:German
620:corvée
616:Kreise
612:German
607:Leuven
581:after
514:French
283:
241:
202:Picard
192:French
155:Status
126:
112:
53:French
49:
34:
2370:Namur
2366:Namur
2331:Liège
2274:fled
2261:Ghent
2242:Breda
2134:2013~
1507:bourg
1185:bourg
1144:Namur
909:–734)
880:(4th–
857:(4th–
777:Cana–
671:Dutch
522:Latin
498:Dutch
187:Dutch
130:Latin
116:Latin
38:Dutch
2583:OCLC
2573:ISBN
2344:and
2286:and
2270:and
2224:The
2158:LGBT
2072:1940
2020:1914
2009:1914
1921:1839
963:West
815:(83–
731:The
711:The
653:and
492:The
388:See
81:Flag
65:1790
2244:in
808:AD)
699:).
504:or
2624::
2581:.
2540:.
2448:.
2301:/
2290:.
1598:,
1243:)
904:c.
882:c.
859:c.
817:c.
803:c.
673::
669:;
665::
614::
559:.
524::
520:;
516::
512:;
500::
402:BE
2589:.
2551:.
2494:.
2459:.
2194:e
2187:t
2180:v
1236:(
921:—
902:(
887:)
864:)
822:)
788:,
661:(
610:(
496:(
132:)
128:(
118:)
114:(
55:)
51:(
40:)
36:(
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