List of Bulgarian monarchs

2194: 323: 805: 4285: 4068: 3536: 1533: 3396: 4225: 1620: 1834: 2668: 3241: 10746: 7464:, resulting in 11,343 deaths. It was further intended to also deport the Jews of Bulgaria proper, though the regime abandoned these plans following intense public outcry. 48,000 Jews of Bulgaria's pre-war territory consequently survived the Holocaust, though were subjected to other forms of discrimination, including being forbidden from holding public office, forcible internal deportation, and dispossession. Bulgaria was the only country to sign a written agreement "to supply Jews to Germany". 56: 3913: 1585: 3626: 2282: 3354: 3283: 4161: 2988: 2776: 2050: 10752: 2373: 2524: 2086: 10704: 3815: 2452: 2336: 2614: 2162: 2130: 72: 1674: 3984: 3476: 2721: 1920: 927:(c. 803–814) are extremely scant, making the dates and family relationships of the rulers recorded in contemporary and later sources highly uncertain. The rulers below may all belong to the Dulo clan or might alternatively have belonged to various competing clans. Several alternate chronologies of early Bulgarian rulers have been proposed, with some presented below, with the names standardized across sources: 3162: 2417: 3581: 3748: 1769: 1721: 1429: 3693: 1886: 1314: 1867:. Samuel and his brothers had some relation to the preceding royal dynasty, possibly being cousins of Boris II and Roman. One of the primary Bulgarian military leaders from 971 onwards and proclaimed emperor after Roman's death. Relatively successful in staving off the Byzantine conquest of the remaining Bulgarian territories. Died of a 2187:. Governor of one of the Byzantine Empire's Armenian provinces. Travelled to Bulgaria to join Peter Delyan's uprising as a military leader. After relations between the two deteriorated, Alusian betrayed and blinded Delyan and was proclaimed emperor in his stead. Surrendered to the Byzantines after losing a battle. 851:

combining both (i.e. Ivan Vladislav, Gavril Radomir, Ivan Sratsimir, Theodore Svetoslav). When using a double name, the Christian name always preceded the name drawn from local tradition. Very rarely, Bulgarian rulers used double names combining two Christian names (i.e. Ivan Stephen, Ivan Alexander).

854:

The use of double names by Bulgarian monarchs, sometimes not used consistently in contemporary sources, has in cases led to confusion and misunderstanding in modern efforts to assign regnal numbers. In particular, it has sometimes erroneously been assumed that the usage of double names indicated that

850:

There were three different types of names used by medieval Bulgarian monarchs after Bulgaria converted to Christianity; names drawn from Bulgar or Slavic tradition (i.e. Boris, Boril, Vladimir, Presian), names drawn from Christian tradition (i.e. Michael, Simeon, Peter, Ivan, Samuel), or double names

1393:

Brother of Krum. An experienced military commander who played an important role in Krum's military campaigns. Possibly seized the throne after Krum's death but died almost immediately, presumably of natural causes. Some historians consider Dukum, named only in hagiographical sources, merely a local

1421:

Unknown relation; presumably a brother or nephew of Krum. Recorded as persecutor of Christian prisoners. May have been in ill health at the time of his accession. Some historians consider Ditzeng, named only in hagiographical sources, merely a local ruler and not a monarch, with Krum perhaps being

2397:

Brother of Peter II and Ivan Asen I. Foiled efforts at separatism by some of the nobility and consolidated royal power. Considerably expanded Bulgarian territory through wars with Serbia, Hungary, and the Byzantine Empire. Increased his expansion into Byzantine lands following the collapse of the

1701:

and uprisings by some of his brothers. Otherwise had a relatively peaceful reign; achieved important diplomatic gains from the Byzantines, such as the recognition of his imperial title, the recognition of the Bulgarian church's independence, and an imperial marriage. Abdicated and retired to a

1608:

Son of Boris I. The Bulgarian nobility revolted against Christianity after Boris's abdication and Vladimir took part in persecuting Christians and destroying churches. Also abandoned relations with the Byzantine Empire. Boris returned from retirement in 893 and deposed, blinded, and imprisoned

871:

could serve as genealogical and political markers to demonstrate a ruler's position in an illustrious lineage they were also fully part of the ruler's regnal names, as demonstrated by those rulers whose double names excluded genealogical connections (such as Ivan Alexander). Double names with

699:). This title was taken to reflect his extensive conquests in formerly Byzantine territory and was effectively a revival of Simeon I's title since both "Greeks" and "Romans" were envisioned as referring to the inhabitants of the Byzantine Empire. Ivan Asen II also introduced the element " 863:). Names of clans were prominently used in Bulgaria in pre-Christian times, though disappeared from usage sometime after the conversion to Christianity, despite family names being used in some of Bulgaria's closest neighbours (such as the Byzantine Empire). Although names such as 7455:

After the conclusion of World War II, royalists and nationalists began to hail Boris as a "rescuer of the Bulgarian Jews", though scholars consider this a dubious honour. Under Boris III's regime, thousands of Jews were deported to Germany from Bulgarian-occupied lands in

3454:, are in lists of monarchs often designated as part of the Shishmanid dynasty, with which they only share matrilineal descent. Through their matrilineal descent from the House of Shishman, the rulers of the House of Sratsimir were also descendants of the House of Asen. 3737:. Fought off Ivan Sratsimir's attempt at capturing Tarnovo. Made a vassal of the Ottoman Empire. Tried to gain Hungarian aid to reassert his independence, which led to the Ottomans invading his lands. Tarnovo and most of Bulgaria was captured in 1393, followed by 2321:. Proclaimed himself Bulgarian emperor in November 1185. After years of fighting, Isaac in 1188 recognized the brothers as rulers of an independent Bulgarian state, though skirmishes continued thereafter. Ivan Asen was later made the senior co-ruler (ruling from 419:. The Byzantines did not consider Simeon as outranking their own emperors and designated him as the "Emperor of the Bulgarians". Simeon himself used the grander title "Emperor of the Bulgarians and the Romans". The title of emperor was in Bulgarian translated as 2547:

Son of Ivan Asen II. Underage at the time of his accession. Ambushed and killed in 1256 by a group of Bulgarian nobles after a treaty in which Michael Asen I returned all of Bulgaria's territorial gains in former Byzantine territory to the

7284:, as attested in contemporary Bulgarian documents. The conventional designation "Konstantin Tih" (meaning "Constantine, the son of Tih") was never used in medieval Bulgaria itself and instead derives from Byzantine sources. 826:

retroactively also assigns sequential regnal numbers to medieval Bulgarian rulers, even if they ruled different Bulgarian states and used different titles; Boris I (852–889) ruled the First Bulgarian Empire as a prince

3521:, who was eclipsing Bulgaria's power. Managed to capture some territories from the Byzantine Empire. Divided the empire among his sons to avoid succession problems, leading to Bulgaria's fragmentation. Allied with the 11205: 2440:

Son of a sister of Peter II, Ivan Asen I and Kaloyan. Boril's reign saw unsuccessful wars against Serbia, the Latin Empire, and the competing successor states of the Byzantine Empire, as well as the spread of the

3385:. Elected as emperor by the Bulgarian nobility after George Terter II's death due to being considered the strongest local candidate. Retook some territory that had been lost to the Byzantines during the brief 2475:

Son of Ivan Asen I. Overthrew Boril. Ivan Asen II aspired to make himself the ruler of a joint Bulgarian-Byzantine Empire and his reign saw the Second Bulgarian Empire reach its greatest extent. Defeated the

2581:. Proclaimed emperor after Michael Asen I's death. Married his predecessor's widow but was ineffective at maintaining power and died within a year. His death extinguished the male line of the House of Asen. 3891:. Like under the period of Byzantine rule, the Ottoman authorities were sometimes faced with Bulgarian uprisings aimed at independence, at times also involving the proclamation of new Bulgarian monarchs. 249:(1908–1946) of Bulgaria. This list includes monarchs from the establishment of the First Bulgarian Empire until modern times, omitting earlier mythical rulers as well as rulers of separate states such as 7111:(1371–1395) are referred to with their full double names, but in less formal contexts they are sometimes referred to merely by their more characteristic second names (Alexander, Sratsimir, and Shishman). 3276:. Ended the period of Mongol dominion over Bulgaria and waged wars against both the Byzantine Empire and various autonomous Bulgarian nobles. Mostly successful; succeeding in reconsolidating the empire. 7376:

was incorporated into the double names of three of his uncles. None of the surviving documents are from Constantine's chancery and no known seals or charters exist, making it impossible to confirm this

7477:

Simeon operating as a politician within the Bulgarian republican framework and swearing allegiance to the republic has however been interpreted as effectively rejecting the restitution of the monarchy.

7225:(1198–1216) in a letter as descended from them. This is conventionally interpreted as the pope merely recognizing Kaloyan as the legitimate successor (and not a genealogical descendant) of the earlier 711:) into the Bulgarian imperial title, modelled on its usage in the Byzantine imperial title, and eventually in full styled himself as the "Emperor and Autocrat of the Bulgarians and Greeks" (Bulgarian: 7423: 3126:'s invasion of Bulgaria. Later lived out his life in exile in the Byzantine Empire. Due to the small number of sources (two documents) some historians have disputed whether Ivan II actually reigned. 444:

Bulgarian rulers from the death of Simeon I in 927 until the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire in 1018 used the simpler "Emperor of the Bulgarians", ceasing to claim Byzantium's universal monarchy.

3019:(Ivan Asen III's sister). Despite this, George Terter plotted against Ivan Asen III, who eventually fled to the Byzantines. The Bulgarians thereafter proclaimed George Terter emperor. Overthrown by 1522:. Although hostile to the Byzantine Empire, Presian spent the better part of his reign working to expand Bulgaria rather than fighting the Byzantines. His reign saw the Bulgarians push west of the 2948:, against Ivaylo and Michael Asen II. Took control of Bulgaria with the help of the Byzantine army. Fled to the Byzantine Empire after a brief reign due to fearing the ambitions of the aristocrat 1352:

and eastern Serbia into Bulgaria. Replaced customary law in Bulgaria with written legislation. Most known for his wars against the Byzantine Empire. In 811 his forces defeated and killed Emperor

3205:

and then overthrown and strangled by Svetoslav. Some historians have argued that Chaka was never emperor of Bulgaria, but merely dominated it through his brother-in-law Theodore Svetoslav.

2193: 726:(1331–1371), who also proclaimed himself as the "Emperor and Autocrat of the Bulgarians and Greeks" to challenge the authority of the then weakened Byzantine Empire. Ivan Alexander's son 7267:(852–889) having been baptized under the name Michael. Boris I however continued to most often merely use "Boris" and the emperors of the Second Bulgarian Empire used the double name 305:

and not fully independent. From Bulgaria's complete independence from the Ottomans in 1908 until the abolition of the monarchy in 1946, Bulgarian monarchs once more used the title

4310:

Son of Boris III. Underage at the time of his accession and thus placed under a regency for the entire duration of his reign, until the Bulgarian monarchy was abolished through a

3854:

1395–1397. Remained in control of at least some parts of his father's domains around Vidin, probably initially as an Ottoman vassal, for most of the time until his death in 1422.

1792:

Son of Peter I. Previously held captive by the Byzantines in Constantinople. Infrequently mentioned in surviving sources and appears to have been more of a figurehead for the

1456:

with the Byzantine Empire in 815. Devoted much of his reign to construction projects. At times aided the Byzantines, such as joining the war against the Byzantine pretender

722:

Ivan Asen II's successors kept "autocrat" in the title but returned to the simpler style "Emperor and Autocrat of the Bulgarians". His extended title was later revived by

7326:. The rulers named Ivan Asen however used that name as a double name and are more appropriately numbered as such; Ivan Vladislav also used a double name. The combination 7435: 3783: 3201:(a son of George Terter I). Proclaimed himself as emperor of Bulgaria and achieved some recognition with Svetoslav's help. Came into conflict with the Golden Horde khan 2823:

1263 and gradually fell under Hungarian suzerainty. Referred to as "Bulgarian emperor" in Hungarian documents from 1266 onwards. Asserted his independence from Hungary

2827:

1273 and re-aligned himself with Constantine again; adopted as a second son by Constantine's wife (making him second-in-line to the throne) but later poisoned by her

4318:'s communist government. Went to exile in Spain and later returned to Bulgaria as a politician. Has never formally renounced his claim to the throne. Simeon's party 2115:

and proclaimed himself emperor with the support of Bulgarian aristocrats. Fought against the Byzantine Empire for control of Bulgaria until betrayed and blinded by

1647:(prince) after the deposition of Vladimir. Aspiring to supplant or conquer the Byzantine Empire, Simeon was in 913 the first Bulgarian ruler to assume the title of 1762:

brothers, who upheld the rights of Boris while he was held prisoner. The two brothers escaped back to Bulgaria in 977, though Boris was killed during the journey.

855:

the monarchs employed family names; this interpretation has in the past resulted in the use of names such as Ivan II Asen (for Ivan Asen II), George I Terter (for

7442:. Alexander was ultimately selected by the Bulgarian parliament due to having served in the Russo-Turkish War, his close relationship with (and endorsement by) 5827: 4250:

Son of Ferdinand I. Succeeded to the throne after his father's abdication. Bestowed near-dictatorial powers by a pro-monarchical regime in 1935. Aligned with

2645:. Proclaimed emperor in southeastern Bulgaria either in opposition to Kaliman Asen II or after his death. Unclear if he ever gained control of the capital of 276:(prince). For much of its later history under the first and second empires, Bulgaria functioned as a multi-ethnic imperial state modelled on the neighbouring 10730: 4442: 1401: 1489:. His five-year reign saw renewed conflict and warfare with the Byzantine Empire. Died of unknown causes, no longer occupying the Bulgarian throne by 836. 7430:

decided that no Russian or Bulgarian should be allowed to become Prince of Bulgaria. In addition to Alexander, other European royalty considered included

2899:

An illiterate swineherd who became leader of a peasant uprising and seized control of much of Bulgaria. Became a legitimate monarch through marriage with

2592:

The end of the male line of the House of Asen plunged Bulgaria into a chaotic period of fragmentation and civil wars between numerous lines of claimants.

11159: 4431: 1376: 7297:) might instead be informally referring to his successor Ivan Asen III. The only other names applied to him in medieval sources are the Greek nicknames 2484:(1230), whereafter much of its territory was annexed and Bulgaria became the most powerful state in southeastern Europe. Re-established the independent 2155:. Proclaimed himself emperor after hearing of Peter Delyan's revolt. Deposed and executed after Delyan proved to be more popular among the Bulgarians. 7120:"Tsok", a Bulgarian ruler briefly mentioned in a single Byzantine source as persecuting Christian prisoners, is presumably the same person as Ditzeng. 7294: 10875: 10692: 7161:

ruled only 977–991 and thereafter in Byzantine captivity, though remained recognized and unchallenged as the legitimate monarch in Bulgaria itself.

7149:

ruled only 969–971 and thereafter in Byzantine captivity, though remained recognized and unchallenged as the legitimate monarch in Bulgaria itself.

3871:

Following the gradual conquest of Bulgaria in the 14th and 15th centuries, the Ottomans incorporated the Bulgarian lands into the vast province of

7788: 10670: 401:. Due to the threat presented by Simeon, who reached the walls of Constantinople, the Byzantines relented and the Patriarch of Constantinople, 2231:

against the Byzantine Empire. The uprising was defeated after a few months and Bodin was in Byzantine captivity until 1078. Later reigned as

260:

Various titles have been used by the rulers of Bulgaria. The earliest recorded title, used before Bulgaria's conversion to Christianity, is

10222: 4319: 8871:

Bulgarians by Birth: The Comitopuls, Emperor Samuel and their Successors According to Historical Sources and the Historiographic Tradition

290:(893–927) in 913. Some powerful medieval Bulgarian rulers challenged Byzantine authority by proclaiming themselves as both Bulgarian and 7426:(1820–1893), who headed the Russian administration in Bulgaria at the time, put himself forth for the position though was rejected. The 7217:

The House of Asen has in the past sometimes been suggested to have descended from the monarchs of the First Bulgarian Empire given that

4109:

elected Alexander of Battenberg, a German prince, as monarch. Since Bulgaria was stipulated to remain an autonomous vassal state of the

1651:(emperor) and was recognized as such by the Byzantines. Fought many wars with the Byzantine Empire, though never succeeded in capturing 11020: 7137:

given that he was baptized under the name Michael. Boris I however continued after his baptism to most often only use the name "Boris".

1560:, Boris was responsible for converting Bulgaria to Christianity, he himself being baptized in 864/865. Adopted the new ruling title of 2028:(modern-day Skopje). There were several attempts at restoring the Bulgarian Empire during the nearly two centuries of Byzantine rule. 691:(1218–1241) after 1230 extended his original title "Emperor of the Bulgarians" to the grander "Emperor of the Bulgarians and Greeks" ( 11190: 7246:). He is additionally counted as "Ivan I" since Ivan (without a double name) was his original name; "Kaloyan" derives from the Greek 2903:, Michael Asen II's mother, who married him on the condition that Michael Asen II's rights continued to be respected. Escaped to the 3433:

headed by elements of the Bulgarian nobility. After his deposition, Ivan Stephen fled to Serbia and then to the Byzantine Empire.

11259: 11215: 10885: 10880: 10852: 10774: 7049: 4121:. Deposed in a coup led by pro-Russian army officers. Briefly reinstated following a counter-coup before abdicating the throne. 11106: 11039: 7044: 11185: 10910: 10189: 10157: 10121: 10087: 10057: 10002: 9958: 9928: 9840: 9766: 9739: 9617: 9481: 9445: 9418: 9364: 9318: 9286: 9232: 9202: 9166: 9139: 9107: 9077: 9047: 9015: 8985: 8955: 8925: 8879: 8764: 8724: 8690: 8663: 8636: 8609: 8577: 8550: 8520: 8490: 8446: 8419: 8392: 8365: 8338: 8285: 8241: 8189: 7997: 7970: 7936: 7906: 7860: 7824: 7764: 7734: 7636: 7604: 7572: 7542: 4323: 1566:(prince) at the time of his conversion. Defeated a major uprising of pagans against his rule. Abdicated in favour of his son 1485:

Son of Omurtag. Malamir was possibly underage throughout his reign and the Bulgarian administration was headed by the regent

1453: 297:

When Bulgaria re-emerged as a state in 1878 in the form of the Principality of Bulgaria, the rulers initially used the title

1655:. Extended Bulgarian rule far into Macedonia, Albania, and Serbia but appears to have lost the Bulgarian lands north of the 11254: 11088: 11081: 11074: 11067: 11060: 11053: 11046: 11004: 10685: 3678:. Immediately tried to take control of all of Bulgaria after his father's death, though was defeated by Ivan Shishman. The 3311: 343:(681–1018) prior to the conversion to Christianity in the 860s is scant. The only title known from contemporary sources is 322: 3570:

1332–1355. Led an army in the defense against an Ottoman invasion in 1354–1355, during which he was killed in battle near

11154: 10920: 10814: 10804: 8127: 7468:

were also subject to discrimination, being forced to register for forced labor and being barred from marrying Bulgarians.

7054: 3934:

Son of Ivan Shishman. Fled to Hungary after the fall of the Second Bulgarian Empire, where he was made the ruler of the

3741:

and Ivan Shishman's other remaining territory in 1395. Allegedly murdered by the Ottomans after the capture of Nikopol.

3081:

Member of a prominent Bulgarian noble family though without known connections to previous Bulgarian royalty. Husband of

1955:

in 1018. After his death, the Bulgarian nobility became divided among two parties, one headed by Ivan Vladislav's widow

11269: 10955: 10950: 10915: 10779: 4311: 3122:

Son of Smilets. Underage at the time of his accession, Ivan II briefly succeeded his father before being deposed after

3011:

Leading member of the Bulgarian aristocracy. Wishing to safeguard the position of Ivan Asen III, the Byzantine emperor

2757:, in order to boost his legitimacy. Ultimately victorious in the civil wars of the 1250s and 1260s. Later remarried to 9709: 9681: 4102: 3615:

1337–1349. Led an army in the defense against an Ottoman invasion in 1349, during which he was killed in battle near

7989:

The Career and Writings of Demetrius Kydones: A Study of Fourteenth-Century Byzantine Politics, Religion and Society

11274: 11200: 11129: 11111: 10215: 7064: 7059: 872:

genealogical connotations were at times also claimed by rulers not belonging to the same dynastic lineage, such as

17: 11180: 10961: 10799: 10678: 10388: 6021: 5020: 3526: 2900: 2861: 2758: 2055: 1960: 1518:, a son of Omurtag. Underage at the time of his accession, the administration was initially headed by the regent 187: 10700: 7673:"The Independence Process of Bulgaria and the First Ambassador of the Ottoman Empire to Sofia, Mustafa Asım Bey" 2698:

Father-in-law of Michael Asen I and Kaliman Asen II. Invaded Bulgaria, though was unable to take the capital of

2366:

against the Byzantine Empire. Made senior co-ruler at some point between 1187 and early 1190. Murdered in 1196.

2071:

Son of Ivan Vladislav. Although most of the Bulgarian aristocracy surrendered to the Byzantine Empire alongside

11101: 11096: 10832: 10535: 9791: 6333: 6076: 4258:(1939–1945), mainly out of a desire to increase Bulgarian territory. Bulgaria participated in the invasions of 4133: 3247: 3198: 3016: 2810:

Noble of princely Russian origin. Initially loyal to Constantine I Tih, fighting on his side with the title of

2072: 1999: 1974: 1956: 1556:

Son of Presian I. Unsuccessfully warred against Serbia and Croatia. Under pressure from the Byzantine emperor

774:

of the Bulgarians", as had been used by Bulgarian monarchs in the Middle Ages. The assumption of the title of

11210: 11195: 11149: 11028: 10987: 10945: 10794: 7099:(1280–1292) is in at least one contemporary source referred to merely as George. In most official documents, 3939: 10745: 2714:

in 1260, though restored with Hungarian aid in 1261, claiming the same title again until his death in 1262.

10992: 10935: 10930: 10847: 10545: 6913:

Simplified family tree of the monarchs of the Principality (1878–1908) and Kingdom (1908–1946) of Bulgaria

6301: 4106: 3504: 3360: 1952: 860: 3977:. The first attempt at mass liberation in Bulgaria, this uprising was eventually crushed by the Ottomans. 1344:

clan. Krum may have ascended the throne as early as 796/7. Successful warrior and conqueror; defeated the

11144: 10999: 10842: 10784: 10560: 10471: 10208: 6703: 5872: 3542: 2560: 7422:

Alexander I was not the only choice proposed for the first modern Bulgarian monarch. The Russian prince

7293:

It is doubtful that Ivaylo was this ruler's real name given that the only medieval source using it (the

397:" (a role the Byzantines viewed themselves as having) by absorbing and replacing the empire centered in 11009: 10925: 10809: 10725: 10585: 10570: 10555: 10368: 10363: 8716:

The Bulgarian-Byzantine Wars for Early Medieval Balkan Hegemony: Silver-Lined Skulls and Blinded Armies

7486:

Omitting earlier monarchs since their family relationships are too uncertain to construct a family tree

7431: 7323: 7104: 7100: 6878: 6714: 6507: 5819: 5797: 4922: 4911: 4327: 4191: 3820: 3801: 3632: 3482: 3424: 2500: 2363: 2310: 2184: 2108: 1926: 1910: 1892: 818:

Regnal numbers for monarchs have only been officially used in Bulgaria in modern times, beginning with

723: 2649:, though he may have held it briefly in 1256–1257. Later established himself in the lands surrounding 11164: 11134: 10940: 10895: 10837: 10789: 10769: 10575: 10510: 10402: 7387: 7108: 6736: 6065: 5852: 5788: 4271: 4263: 3787: 3698: 3671: 2923: 2908: 2869: 2638: 2489: 2485: 2228: 2135: 1798:

than an active ruler. Captured by the Byzantines again in 991 and died in captivity six years later.

1711: 1664: 1660: 1452:

Son of Krum. May have seized the throne from Ditzeng or succeeded his father Krum directly. Signed a

727: 9589: 9538: 1756:

being brought to Constantinople as prisoners. Power in Bulgaria fell to a group of four nobles, the

10974: 10890: 10659: 10630: 10565: 10550: 7016: 6725: 6496: 6001: 5459: 4291: 4029: 3888: 3587: 3402: 3086: 3012: 2945: 2762: 2750: 2407: 743: 656:(1185–1422) revived the style used by Simeon I's successors, "Emperor of the Bulgarians", rendered 242: 213: 151: 9410:

The Late Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest

4284: 4067: 2517:

Son of Ivan Asen II. Underage at the time of his accession. Murdered after a reign of five years.

804: 11264: 11033: 10905: 10900: 10649: 10644: 10619: 10580: 10441: 10427: 6934: 6923: 6747: 5238: 4167: 4098: 4074: 4010: 3989: 3805: 3754: 2578: 2342: 2314: 2247: 1575: 819: 808: 765: 653: 238: 8834: 7095:(1246–1256) are sometimes recorded to only use their first names (Kaliman, Michael). Similarly, 1871:

brought on by the sight of the thousands of Bulgarian soldiers blinded by the Byzantine emperor

10482: 10476: 10239: 7443: 6041: 5861: 4259: 4137: 3970: 3082: 2941: 2816:

in the wars against Hungary (1261) and the Byzantine Empire (1262–1263). Came in possession of

2673: 2620: 2477: 2010:, which was governed by an imperially appointed official titled (depending on the time) as the 2002:, from the 970s onwards. Following the completion of the conquest of Bulgaria in 1018, Emperor 1978: 1532: 896: 885: 873: 786:

had been understood as equivalent to emperor in medieval times, the title of the new Bulgarian

340: 230: 7271:(Asen being part of the name and not some other form of qualifier) rather than just "Michael". 4194:

declined the throne after being approached. Secured Bulgaria's complete independence from the

11014: 10761: 10654: 10540: 10461: 9564: 9007:

The Entry of the Slavs Into Christendom: An Introduction to the Medieval History of the Slavs

7088: 6975: 6530: 4580: 4231: 4094: 3535: 3395: 3289: 2481: 2075:, Presian II and some of his brothers continued to lead a small resistance, based around the 1496: 836: 10751: 10862: 10515: 10436: 10348: 10338: 10333: 9502:"Bulgarian-Serbian Marital Diplomacy from the End of 13th to the Beginning of 14th Century" 8950:. Instytut Studiów Politycznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Instytut Jagielloński. p. 33. 7898:

The Voices of Medieval Bulgaria, Seventh-Fifteenth Century: The Records of a Bygone Culture

6085: 5251: 4803: 4673: 4662: 4267: 2994: 2949: 2812: 2749:

in 1257 by the Bulgarian nobility, in opposition to both Mitso Asen and Rostislav. Married

2288: 1727: 1626: 1610: 1590: 1567: 832: 739: 386: 326: 287: 182: 134: 9895:

Khristov, Khristo Angelov; Kosev, Dimitŭr Konstantinov; Angelov, Dimitŭr Simeonov (1963).

7564:

The Asanids: The Political and Military History of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185-1280)

4224: 8: 11233: 10979: 10867: 10717: 10635: 10525: 10520: 10446: 10409: 10343: 10328: 10323: 10318: 10313: 10248: 9577: 7343:. His regnal name, attested in both Bulgarian and Byzantine sources, was the double name 7319: 7218: 7039: 6290: 6050: 5264: 5027: 4714: 4613: 4547: 4483: 4033: 3105: 3064: 2706:

and governed the surrounding area as self-proclaimed Bulgarian emperor, supported by the

2379: 2220: 2167: 2152: 2116: 1680: 1619: 1539: 1467: 1434: 976: 904: 840: 761:

When Bulgaria achieved complete independence from the Ottoman Empire in 1908, the former

665: 365: 358: 354: 309:, though this time generally translated internationally as "king" rather than "emperor". 267: 246: 199: 125: 116: 79: 9501: 9039:

The Byzantine Province in Change: On the Threshold Between the 10th and the 11th Century

8330:

The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century

3670:

and the surrounding lands by his father as autonomous emperor while his younger brother

3314:

and spent much of his brief reign warring with the Byzantines, for instance recapturing

1394:

ruler and not a monarch, with Krum perhaps being succeeded directly by his son Omurtag.

11139: 10505: 10358: 10303: 10273: 10253: 7702: 7461: 7439: 7427: 7083:

Monarchs with double names are in formal contexts most often recorded with both names.

6030: 4827: 2881: 2865: 2766: 2707: 2216: 1876: 1859: 1840: 1810: 1794: 1758: 1260: 1123: 999: 416: 394: 250: 9356:

The Routledge Handbook of East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1300

9042:. Institute for Byzantine Studies, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts. p. 192. 8791:

Miller, William (1923). "The Rise and Fall of the First Bulgarian Empire (679–1018)".

7756:

The Routledge Handbook of East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1300

10530: 10451: 10416: 10353: 10293: 10288: 10278: 10268: 10258: 10185: 10153: 10117: 10083: 10053: 9998: 9954: 9924: 9836: 9787: 9762: 9735: 9705: 9677: 9613: 9552: 9519: 9477: 9441: 9414: 9360: 9314: 9282: 9228: 9198: 9162: 9135: 9103: 9073: 9043: 9011: 8981: 8951: 8921: 8875: 8760: 8720: 8686: 8659: 8632: 8605: 8573: 8546: 8516: 8486: 8442: 8415: 8388: 8361: 8334: 8281: 8237: 8185: 7993: 7966: 7932: 7902: 7856: 7820: 7760: 7730: 7706: 7694: 7632: 7600: 7568: 7538: 7398: 7348: 7222: 7205: 6351: 5513: 4814: 4207: 4044: 4014: 3738: 3445: 3330: 3168: 3123: 2423: 2199: 2120: 2007: 1775: 1753: 1290: 1214: 1191: 1146: 1100: 1056: 677: 402: 203: 3509: 3429: 3240: 1833: 10612: 10379: 10283: 9542: 9509: 8307:(in Bulgarian). Държавно издателство "Д-р Петър Берон". pp. 358, 330–332, 264. 8147: 8139: 7684: 6312: 4837: 4203: 3949: 3866: 3832: 3679: 3643: 3500: 2549: 2318: 2111:, though his ancestry is unverified. Servant of a Byzantine aristocrat; escaped to 1970: 1944: 1864: 1357: 1168: 390: 277: 7928:

Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Three: Shared Pasts, Disputed Legacies

5044:

Simplified family tree of the monarchs of the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1422)

11228: 10494: 10466: 10179: 10147: 10111: 10077: 10047: 10019: 9992: 9948: 9918: 9896: 9879: 9857: 9830: 9808: 9756: 9729: 9697: 9607: 9471: 9435: 9408: 9354: 9308: 9276: 9222: 9192: 9156: 9129: 9097: 9067: 9037: 9005: 8975: 8945: 8915: 8869: 8754: 8714: 8680: 8653: 8626: 8599: 8567: 8540: 8510: 8480: 8463: 8436: 8409: 8382: 8355: 8328: 8302: 8275: 8231: 8179: 7987: 7960: 7926: 7896: 7850: 7814: 7754: 7724: 7626: 7594: 7562: 7532: 7096: 5808: 4315: 3938:. His titular claim to the Bulgarian throne was recognized by the Hungarian king 3876: 3186: 3039: 2781: 2530: 2232: 2079:

mountain range. They were eventually also forced to surrender to the Byzantines.

1457: 1345: 856: 8806: 8414:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 7, 78–79, 259–260, 269, 280, 519–520, 543. 7689: 7537:. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 7, 78–79, 259–260, 269, 280, 519–520, 543. 7087:(1218–1241) is sometimes recorded merely using his second name (Asen). His sons 4344:

Simplified family tree of the monarchs of the First Bulgarian Empire (803–1018)

3514: 2667: 1752:

was captured by the Byzantine Empire in 971, resulting in Boris and his brother

1526:

river for the first time and led to considerable territorial gains in the west.

10596: 10488: 9673: 9643: 9413:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 172–183, 269, 273–274, 366, 368, 422. 7656:Конституция на Княжество България от 1879 г. (Tarnovo Constitution), Article 38 7365: 7318:, numbered after Ivan Asen I–III (then considered Ivan I–III) and not counting 7092: 6010: 4195: 4110: 4023: 3974: 3884: 3872: 3797: 3734: 3730: 3710: 3683: 3675: 3518: 3217: 2964: 2746: 2726: 2711: 2699: 2654: 2646: 2399: 2326: 2322: 1947:, a brother of Samuel. Led the defense against the Byzantine Empire as Emperor 1749: 1745: 1652: 1365: 823: 779: 755: 427: 398: 350: 302: 254: 8793:

The Cambridge Medieval History: Volume IV: The Eastern Roman Empire (717–1453)

3887:, which in terms of borders closely corresponded to the succeeding autonomous 676:). He unsuccessfully sought recognition of this title from the Papacy, though 353:-language inscriptions (as ΚΑΝΑΣΥΒΙΓΙ) from the ninth century in reference to 335:. His official title translates to "Emperor of the Bulgarians and the Romans". 11248: 9758:

The City and the Process of Transition from Early Modern Times to the Present

9556: 9523: 8143: 7698: 7672: 7465: 4211: 3942:(1387–1437). Fruzhin was counted as emperor in some later Bulgarian sources. 3912: 3522: 2224: 923:. References to political developments within Bulgaria prior to the reign of 812: 799: 291: 7360:

All known contemporary documents refer to Constantine II merely by the name

3625: 3450:

The rulers of the House of Sratsimir, patrilineal descendants of the despot

361:(831–836). Two gold medallions struck for Omurtag also use the same title. 55: 10456: 10395: 7201: 7084: 5843: 4275: 4255: 4251: 3935: 3378: 3353: 3282: 3273: 3194: 3094: 3024: 2952:, whereafter the Bulgarians proclaimed George Terter emperor in his stead. 2904: 2754: 2642: 2458: 2403: 2258: 2091: 1868: 1353: 1349: 688: 684:), not wishing to recognize any other emperor than the Holy Roman emperor. 9278:

Cumans and Tatars: Oriental Military in the Pre-Ottoman Balkans, 1185–1365

8601:

A History of the Balkans: A Regional Overview from a Bulgarian Perspective

7852:

The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204-1228)

4160: 2987: 2775: 266:. When Bulgaria converted to Christianity in the ninth century, the ruler 10500: 6263: 4215: 4210:(1913) which deprived the country of most of its gains. Aligned with the 4017:, though the uprising began prematurely and was crushed by the Ottomans. 3386: 2839: 2372: 2049: 1584: 1557: 9664:Андреев, Йордан (Jordan Andreev); Лалков, Милчо (Milcho Lalkov) (1996). 9547: 9514: 7330:

for this ruler is modern and does not occur in any contemporary sources.

3883:. Later on, much of modern-day northern Bulgaria was organized into the 2523: 2281: 2085: 730:(1371–1395) is also recorded to have used this extended imperial title. 405:, granted him an imperial crown. The only other monarch recognized as a 11121: 10079:

The Holocaust in Eastern Europe: At the Epicenter of the Final Solution

8152: 7962:

The Other Europe in the Middle Ages: Avars, Bulgars, Khazars and Cumans

7347:. The designation "Michael Shishman" (which connects him to his father 3814: 3190: 3090: 3020: 2912: 2451: 2442: 700: 462: 345: 262: 9702:България през XIV-XV век (Bulgaria during the 14th and 15th Centuries) 2335: 790:

was generally translated as "King of the Bulgarians" internationally.

10263: 10200: 9782:Бакалов, Георги; Милен Куманов (2003). "Фружин (неизв.-около 1460)". 3451: 2650: 2613: 2223:. Invited by Bulgarian nobles and acclaimed Bulgarian emperor during 1994: 1361: 1079: 437: 9650: 7183:

Took the regnal name Peter and is therefore sometimes enumerated as

1998:) were appointed in formerly Bulgarian lands over the course of the 447: 382:"). This title was used by the Bulgarian rulers until 913, when the 10824: 10708: 10703: 4539: 4218:(1914–1918) and was forced to abdicate after the war's conclusion. 3880: 3772: 3605: 3560: 3138: 2944:. Supported as puppet emperor of Bulgaria by the Byzantine emperor 2658: 2161: 2129: 2112: 2020: 2003: 1948: 1872: 1515: 491: 407: 226: 9755:

Gibiec, Magdalena; Ziątkowski, Leszek; Wiśniewska, Dorota (2019).

9069:

Byzantine Military Organization on the Danube, 10th-12th Centuries

7250:

and is an ornate and flattering nickname meaning "John the Good".

7238:

In his formal titulature, Kaloyan referred to himself by the name

2653:. Gave Mesembria to the Byzantine Empire in 1263 after attacks by 2445:

sect in Bulgaria. Deposed and blinded by his cousin Ivan Asen II.

1673: 668:(1196–1207), adopted the grander title "Emperor of Bulgarians and 317: 71: 10605: 10298: 7264: 6896: 3983: 3918: 3733:

over the elder Ivan Sratsimir due to the influence of his mother

3475: 3315: 1698: 1237: 412: 106: 11206:

Submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film

9920:

Stefan Stambolov and the Emergence of Modern Bulgaria, 1870-1895

9437:

The Routledge Handbook of the Mongols and Central-Eastern Europe

3686:

in 1396/1397 and Ivan Sratsimir was deposed and taken prisoner.

3161: 2720: 2416: 1919: 811:(1879–1886) was the first Bulgarian monarch to officially use a 754:

due to the principality being an autonomous vassal state of the

9158:

Waiting for the End of the World: European Dimensions, 950–1200

7457: 4206:(1912–1913) though Bulgaria's actions after victory led to the 3692: 3580: 3423:

1323–1324. Deposed after a brief reign in favour of his cousin

2306: 2076: 2025: 1987: 1703: 1656: 1523: 1364:. Died suddenly while preparing a campaign intended to conquer 916: 669: 543: 375: 4093:

A new Bulgarian state was established through the treaties of

3747: 1570:

in 889 and retired to a monastery, dying in 907. Considered a

746:(1878–1908) stipulated that the monarch was to use the title " 680:

merely recognized him as "King of the Bulgarians and Vlachs" (

9281:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 36, 80–82, 89, 95–96. 8128:"Monarchs' Names and Numbering in the Second Bulgarian State" 4266:, though Boris refused to send Bulgarian soldiers to aid the 4127: 4005:

Allegedly a descendant of the House of Sratsimir. Proclaimed

3965:

Allegedly a descendant of the House of Sratsimir. Proclaimed

3860: 3667: 3616: 3571: 3382: 3318:. His death marked the extinction of the direct Terter line. 3269: 3202: 2860:

1272–1277. Underage at the time of his accession, his mother

2817: 2791: 2703: 2683: 1707: 1571: 1562: 1519: 1486: 920: 474: 370: 272: 7263:, although this is incorrect. This enumeration derives from 4274:. Died in mysterious circumstances shortly after a visit to 4024:

Principality (1878–1908) and Kingdom of Bulgaria (1908–1946)

3268:

1285–1292. Overthrew and strangled Chaka, with support from

241:(1185–1422) Bulgarian empires, as well as during the modern 10308: 10181:

Profiles of People in Power: The World's Government Leaders

9647: 4420: 3211: 2657:, in return being allowed to live out his life in exile in 2015: 1768: 1720: 1428: 1341: 1320: 924: 912: 908: 770: 486: 421: 379: 331: 282: 32: 9754: 7390:(1371–1395). He is sometimes alternatively referred to as 3513:

headed by elements of the Bulgarian nobility. Allied with

2958: 1885: 3015:

arranged for George Terter to divorce his wife and marry

1313: 339:

Evidence concerning the titles used by the rulers of the

9704:(in Bulgarian). Изток–Запад (Anubis). pp. 144–148. 9353:

Curta, Florin (2021). "New Powers–Serbia and Bulgaria".

9224:

The Wars of the Balkan Peninsula: Their Medieval Origins

7723:

Crampton, Richard (2009). "The Years of War (1912–18)".

3879:

was created due to persistent northern attacks from the

3306:

Son of Theodore Svetoslav; previously junior co-emperor

2868:, who married Maria. Deposed by the Byzantine-supported 2587: 2119:. Continued to lead some troops until his defeat at the 733: 8863: 8861: 8859: 8857: 8855: 3525:

against the Byzantines, inadvertently accelerating the

879: 778:

was met with opposition from both the Ottomans and the

8333:. University of Michigan Press. pp. 10, 295–296. 3419:

Son of Michael Asen III; previously junior co-emperor

2241: 1360:, whereafter the emperor's skull was fashioned into a 890: 8438:

Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages (500-1300) (2 vols)

7652: 7650: 7648: 3264:

Son of George Terter I; previously junior co-emperor

2765:. Defeated and killed in battle by the peasant rebel 1992:

Various Byzantine military governors (with the title

750:

of Bulgaria" (i.e. "Prince of Bulgaria") rather than

10178:

East, Roger; Thomas, Richard J. (2014). "Bulgaria".

10110:

Laqueur, Walter; Baumel, Judith Tydor, eds. (2001).

9894: 9781: 8852: 3850:

Son of Ivan Sratsimir; previously junior co-emperor

3725:

Son of Ivan Alexander; previously junior co-emperor

3662:

Son of Ivan Alexander; previously junior co-emperor

280:, which contributed to the adoption of the title of 8465:

Collier's Encyclopedia: With Bibliography and Index

2856:Son of Constantine I; previously junior co-emperor 2313:against the Byzantine Empire alongside his brother 2024:of Bulgaria. The capital of Byzantine Bulgaria was 1748:and the Byzantine Empire. The Bulgarian capital of 329:(893–927) was the first Bulgarian ruler to rule as 9031: 9029: 9027: 8939: 8937: 8468:. Crowell-Collier Publishing Company. p. 711. 8184:. G. Bell & sons Limited. pp. 10, 71–72. 7645: 7339:Many sources erroneously refer to this emperor as 4038: 3089:. Made emperor of Bulgaria (as a puppet ruler) by 9824: 9822: 9820: 9495: 9493: 9407:Fine, John V. A.; Fine, John Van Antwerp (1994). 8719:. Springer. pp. 125, 127–128, 255, 295–296. 8504: 8502: 8327:Fine, John V. A.; Fine, John Van Antwerp (1991). 8269: 8267: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8259: 8257: 8255: 8253: 3439: 1804: 876:(1256–1257; who married into the Asen dynasty). 448:Titles in the Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1422) 11246: 9942: 9940: 9728:A ́goston, Ga ́bor; Masters, Bruce Alan (2010). 9727: 9465: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9457: 9216: 9214: 8795:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 235, 242. 8708: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8593: 8591: 8589: 8173: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8165: 8163: 8121: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8113: 8111: 8109: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8101: 8099: 8097: 8095: 8093: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8085: 8083: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8075: 8073: 8071: 8069: 8067: 8065: 8063: 8061: 8059: 8057: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8049: 8047: 8045: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8037: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8029: 7924: 7920: 7918: 7624: 7592: 3875:. In the late 16th century, the new province of 3566:Eldest son of Ivan Alexander; junior co-emperor 3324: 3132: 1963:. Maria formally surrendered Bulgaria to Basil. 1744:Son of Peter I. Contended with invasions by the 393:. Simeon aspired to make Bulgaria into the new " 364:Upon his conversion to Christianity in 864/865, 9873: 9871: 9869: 9646:: Sv. Kliment Ohridski. pp. 23–52, 67–75. 9633: 9631: 9629: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9270: 9268: 9266: 9264: 9091: 9089: 9024: 8969: 8967: 8934: 8867: 8678: 8651: 8624: 8565: 8478: 8027: 8025: 8023: 8021: 8019: 8017: 8015: 8013: 8011: 8009: 7718: 7716: 7620: 7618: 7616: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7556: 7554: 3033: 2309:origin, with no relation to previous monarchs. 2006:organized much of the central Balkans into the 1460:. Solidified the Bulgarian central government. 835:(967–977) ruled the same state as emperor, and 318:Titles in the First Bulgarian Empire (681–1018) 286:(emperor) by Bulgarian monarchs beginning with 138: 44: 9817: 9539:бъдеще "Bil li e tatarinăt Čaka bǎlgarki car?" 9490: 9434:Maiorov, Alexander V.; Hautala, Roman (2021). 9433: 9348: 9346: 9344: 9342: 9340: 9338: 9336: 9334: 9332: 9330: 9262: 9260: 9258: 9256: 9254: 9252: 9250: 9248: 9246: 9244: 9186: 9184: 9182: 9180: 9178: 8999: 8997: 8909: 8907: 8905: 8903: 8901: 8899: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8891: 8786: 8784: 8782: 8780: 8778: 8776: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8736: 8534: 8532: 8499: 8250: 8225: 8223: 8221: 7954: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7925:Daskalov, Roumen; Vezenkov, Alexander (2015). 7890: 7888: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7872: 7666: 7664: 7662: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7446:, and his known conservative political stance. 3778:Son of Ivan Alexander; junior co-emperor 1356– 10686: 10216: 10141: 10139: 10137: 10135: 10133: 10109: 10071: 10069: 10041: 10039: 10037: 10035: 10033: 10031: 9986: 9984: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9976: 9974: 9972: 9970: 9937: 9912: 9910: 9908: 9784:Електронно издание – История на България 9761:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 80. 9663: 9601: 9599: 9473:The Balkans: From Constantinople to Communism 9454: 9402: 9400: 9398: 9396: 9211: 9197:. Scarecrow Press. pp. xxvii, 130, 262. 9123: 9121: 9119: 8699: 8682:История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век 8655:История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век 8628:История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век 8586: 8569:История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век 8482:История на Средновековна България VII-XIV век 8304:Именник на българските ханове: ново тълкуване 8219: 8217: 8215: 8213: 8211: 8209: 8207: 8205: 8203: 8201: 8160: 7915: 7748: 7746: 7520: 7518: 7516: 7514: 7512: 7510: 7508: 7506: 7504: 7502: 1951:once more invaded Bulgaria and killed at the 717:imperator et moderator Bulgarorum et Grecorum 10173: 10171: 10169: 10049:The Holocaust: Roots, History, and Aftermath 9994:Dictionary of World Biography: Ninth edition 9866: 9626: 9394: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9386: 9384: 9382: 9380: 9378: 9376: 9295: 9086: 8964: 8512:A History of the Byzantine State and Society 8357:A History of the Byzantine State and Society 8322: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8314: 8006: 7782: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7713: 7613: 7581: 7551: 4198:in 1908, whereafter he adopted the style of 2864:ruled as regent. In 1278 made co-ruler with 2252: 2219:and son of the anti-Byzantine Serbian ruler 1988:Pretenders during Byzantine rule (1018–1185) 10105: 10103: 10101: 10099: 9835:. Ohio State University Press. p. 55. 9806: 9530: 9327: 9241: 9175: 8994: 8888: 8773: 8733: 8529: 7945: 7869: 7659: 7280:The actual regnal name of this monarch was 793: 664:in Latin. The second empire's third ruler, 10693: 10679: 10223: 10209: 10177: 10130: 10116:. Yale University Press. pp. 98–104. 10066: 10028: 9967: 9905: 9596: 9310:Routledge Library Editions: Historiography 9116: 9035: 8977:The Making of Orthodox Byzantium, 600–1025 8943: 8829: 8827: 8597: 8515:. Stanford University Press. p. 871. 8381:Morby, John (2014). "Bulgaria, Medieval". 8360:. Stanford University Press. p. 871. 8230:Morby, John (2014). "Bulgaria, Medieval". 8198: 7901:. BRILL. pp. 12, 154, 220, 262, 532. 7819:. Cambridge University Press. p. 16. 7743: 7499: 7351:) is not attested in contemporary sources. 4128:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha (1887–1946) 3861:Pretenders during Ottoman rule (1422–1878) 3804:(1345–1396), resulting in the fall of the 1697:Son of Simeon I. Faced invasions from the 1284: 907:crossed the Danube. Asparuh's family, the 301:since they were autonomous vassals of the 10166: 9884:. Darton, Longman & Todd. p. 22. 9828: 9696: 9546: 9513: 9499: 9373: 8508: 8353: 8311: 8273: 8151: 7773: 7688: 7593:Crampton, R. J.; Crampton, B. J. (1987). 3611:Son of Ivan Alexander; junior co-emperor 2872:and sent as a captive to Constantinople. 1977:(968–1018), resulting in the fall of the 768:(1887–1918) adopted the higher title of " 758:rather than a fully independent country. 597:and Autocrat of the Bulgarians and Greeks 571:and Autocrat of the Bulgarians and Greeks 10096: 9946: 9855: 9640:Bǎlgarija prez vtorata četvǎrt na XIV v. 9469: 9406: 9220: 9154: 9065: 8917:Bulgaria and Bulgarians: A Brief History 8712: 8326: 8177: 7812: 7722: 7625:Bideleux, Robert; Jeffries, Ian (2007). 7560: 7424:Alexander Mikhailovich Dondukov-Korsakov 3381:. Previously semi-independent despot of 3212:House of Terter (1300–1323, second time) 2362:Brother of Peter II; co-leader in their 803: 321: 9901:. Foreign Languages Press. p. 122. 9877: 9775: 9723: 9721: 9637: 9306: 9095: 9061: 9059: 8973: 8824: 8679:Božilov, Ivan; Gjuzelev, Vasil (2006). 8652:Božilov, Ivan; Gjuzelev, Vasil (2006). 8625:Božilov, Ivan; Gjuzelev, Vasil (2006). 8566:Božilov, Ivan; Gjuzelev, Vasil (2006). 8542:The Palgrave Atlas of Byzantine History 8479:Božilov, Ivan; Gjuzelev, Vasil (2006). 8181:A History of the First Bulgarian Empire 8125: 7844: 7842: 7840: 7838: 7836: 7670: 7050:List of heads of government of Bulgaria 4013:(1686). Hoped to gain support from the 2959:House of Terter (1280–1292, first time) 1422:succeeded directly by his son Omurtag. 415:) by the Byzantines was (at times) the 368:(852–889) adopted the new ruling title 60:Standard of the Tsar of Bulgaria (1945) 14: 11247: 10230: 10082:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 196. 10024:. Lawrence & Wishart. p. 140. 9862:. Foreign Languages Press. p. 50. 9672:] (in Bulgarian). Велико Търново ( 9536: 9274: 9190: 9003: 8980:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 297. 8947:East Central Europe: A Concise History 8913: 8790: 8752: 8538: 8461: 8407: 8300: 7894: 7848: 7789:"The Byzantine View of Western Europe" 7530: 7045:List of heads of the state of Bulgaria 2402:(1202–1204). Later fought against the 1909:Son of Samuel. Murdered by his cousin 687:The fifth ruler of the second empire, 389:(893–927), Boris I's son, invaded the 378:" (though sometimes alternatively as " 10674: 10204: 10145: 10075: 10045: 10017: 9990: 9923:. Duke University Press. p. 42. 9916: 9800: 9605: 9352: 9127: 9102:(in Bulgarian). Знание. p. 573. 8807:"Simeon I | Tsar of Bulgarian Empire" 8685:(in Bulgarian). Anubis. p. 144. 8658:(in Bulgarian). Anubis. p. 144. 8631:(in Bulgarian). Anubis. p. 144. 8572:(in Bulgarian). Anubis. p. 126. 8485:(in Bulgarian). Anubis. p. 144. 8434: 8380: 8229: 7985: 7958: 7786: 7752: 7628:The Balkans: A Post-Communist History 7014: 7012: 7010: 7008: 7006: 7000: 6994: 6992: 6990: 6988: 6986: 6973: 6971: 6969: 6967: 6965: 6959: 6953: 6951: 6949: 6947: 6945: 6932: 6930: 6921: 6895: 6893: 6891: 6889: 6887: 6885: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6870: 6868: 6866: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6858: 6856: 6854: 6852: 6850: 6848: 6846: 6844: 6842: 6840: 6838: 6836: 6834: 6832: 6826: 6820: 6818: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6810: 6808: 6802: 6800: 6798: 6796: 6794: 6792: 6790: 6788: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6766: 6764: 6762: 6760: 6758: 6745: 6743: 6734: 6732: 6723: 6721: 6712: 6710: 6701: 6699: 6697: 6695: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6687: 6685: 6683: 6681: 6679: 6677: 6675: 6673: 6671: 6669: 6667: 6665: 6577: 6575: 6573: 6571: 6569: 6567: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6559: 6557: 6555: 6553: 6551: 6549: 6547: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6528: 6526: 6524: 6522: 6520: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6505: 6503: 6494: 6492: 6490: 6488: 6486: 6484: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6476: 6474: 6472: 6470: 6468: 6466: 6464: 6462: 6460: 6458: 6456: 6454: 6452: 6450: 6440: 6438: 6436: 6434: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6426: 6424: 6418: 6416: 6414: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6394: 6392: 6390: 6388: 6386: 6384: 6382: 6380: 6378: 6376: 6374: 6372: 6370: 6368: 6366: 6364: 6349: 6342: 6340: 6331: 6329: 6327: 6325: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6310: 6308: 6299: 6297: 6288: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6251: 6249: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6197: 6195: 6193: 6191: 6189: 6187: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6159: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6139: 6133: 6131: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6123: 6121: 6094: 6083: 6074: 6072: 6063: 6061: 6059: 6057: 6048: 6039: 6037: 6028: 6019: 6008: 5999: 5953: 5951: 5949: 5943: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5935: 5933: 5931: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5905: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5893: 5887: 5870: 5868: 5859: 5850: 5848: 5841: 5839: 5837: 5835: 5833: 5831: 5826: 5824: 5817: 5815: 5806: 5804: 5795: 5793: 5786: 5764: 5762: 5760: 5758: 5756: 5754: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5736: 5734: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5726: 5724: 5708: 5706: 5704: 5698: 5696: 5694: 5688: 5686: 5684: 5678: 5602: 5600: 5598: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5590: 5524: 5511: 5509: 5507: 5504: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5496: 5494: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5486: 5484: 5482: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5472: 5470: 5468: 5466: 5457: 5455: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5441: 5439: 5437: 5435: 5433: 5431: 5429: 5371: 5369: 5367: 5365: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5305: 5303: 5301: 5299: 5297: 5295: 5293: 5291: 5289: 5287: 5285: 5283: 5277: 5275: 5273: 5271: 5262: 5260: 5258: 5249: 5247: 5245: 5236: 5234: 5232: 5230: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5220: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5212: 5210: 5208: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5200: 5198: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5190: 5188: 5186: 5102: 5100: 5098: 5096: 5094: 5092: 5090: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5070: 5068: 5066: 5064: 5062: 5060: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 5026: 5024: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5013: 5011: 5009: 5007: 5005: 5003: 5001: 4999: 4997: 4995: 4993: 4959: 4957: 4955: 4953: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4920: 4918: 4909: 4907: 4905: 4903: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4891: 4889: 4887: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4867: 4865: 4863: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4847: 4845: 4836: 4834: 4825: 4823: 4821: 4812: 4810: 4801: 4799: 4797: 4753: 4751: 4749: 4747: 4729: 4727: 4725: 4712: 4710: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4698: 4692: 4690: 4688: 4686: 4684: 4671: 4669: 4660: 4642: 4624: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4601: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4578: 4576: 4574: 4568: 4562: 4560: 4558: 4545: 4543: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4516: 4498: 4496: 4494: 4481: 4479: 4477: 4475: 4473: 4467: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4453: 4440: 4438: 4429: 4427: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4360: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4352: 4324:2001 Bulgarian parliamentary election 3782:1388. Recorded to have presided over 2588:Successors of the Asenids (1256–1280) 2317:1185 after being slighted by Emperor 899:is regarded to have been established 734:Titles in modern Bulgaria (1878–1946) 10876:Chairperson of the National Assembly 9997:. ANU Press. pp. 99, 306, 789. 9881:Heroes and Roses: A View of Bulgaria 9849: 9786:(in Bulgarian). София: Труд, Сирма. 9718: 9056: 8756:Encyclopedia of the Byzantine Empire 7833: 3786:(1360) together with his father and 2915:after requests from the Byzantines. 2911:took control of Bulgaria. Killed by 2215:Matrilineal great-great-grandson of 880:First Bulgarian Empire (c. 680–1018) 10731:Generals in the Kingdom of Bulgaria 10149:The Historiography of the Holocaust 9734:. Infobase Publishing. p. 99. 8604:. EM Text. pp. 112, 205, 315. 7055:Coronation of the Bulgarian monarch 3085:, a niece of the Byzantine emperor 2761:, a niece of the Byzantine emperor 2710:. Left landless after an attack by 2410:). Believed to have been murdered. 2242:Second Bulgarian Empire (1185–1422) 1913:after a reign of less than a year. 1702:monastery in 969 after suffering a 891:Early Bulgarian rulers (c. 680–803) 431:), seen as equivalent to the Greek 24: 9953:. Psychology Press. pp. vii. 9731:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire 9698:Златарски, Васил (Vasil Zlatarski) 9194:Historical Dictionary of Byzantium 8759:. McFarland. pp. 73–74, 301. 7796:Greek, Roman and Byzantine Studies 7596:A Short History of Modern Bulgaria 713:tsr’ i samodrzac Bl’garom i Gr’kom 25: 11286: 11191:Foreign football players in A PFG 9676:): Абагар (Abagar). p. 286. 8868:Tăpkova-Zaimova, Vasilka (2018). 8411:Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria 7726:Aleksandur Stamboliiski: Bulgaria 7534:Historical Dictionary of Bulgaria 3507:. Proclaimed emperor following a 674:imperator Bulgarorum et Blachorum 10750: 10744: 10702: 7480: 7471: 7305:, attested in Byzantine sources. 7229:s, in a way common for the time. 7065:List of rulers of Volga Bulgaria 7060:List of Bulgarian royal consorts 4283: 4223: 4159: 4066: 3982: 3911: 3813: 3746: 3691: 3624: 3579: 3534: 3474: 3394: 3352: 3312:Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 3281: 3239: 3197:. Invaded Bulgaria, assisted by 3160: 2986: 2774: 2719: 2666: 2612: 2522: 2450: 2415: 2371: 2334: 2280: 2192: 2160: 2151:Bulgarian military commander in 2128: 2084: 2048: 1918: 1884: 1832: 1767: 1719: 1672: 1663:to be independent under its own 1618: 1583: 1531: 1427: 1312: 859:) and Michael III Shishman (for 697:imperator Bulgarorum et Grecorum 70: 54: 10886:Diplomatic missions of Bulgaria 10881:Diplomatic missions in Bulgaria 10052:. Routledge. pp. 299–300. 10011: 9950:Bulgaria: The Uneven Transition 9888: 9878:Haskell, Arnold Lionel (1966). 9748: 9690: 9657: 9427: 9227:. Scarecrow Press. p. 67. 9148: 8799: 8672: 8645: 8618: 8559: 8472: 8455: 8428: 8401: 8374: 8347: 8294: 8277:Byzantium and Bulgaria, 775-831 7979: 7806: 7449: 7416: 7380: 7364:. It is possible that he (like 7354: 7333: 7308: 7287: 7274: 7253: 7232: 7211: 7190: 7177: 7164: 7152: 7140: 7123: 7114: 7077: 4336: 4039:House of Battenberg (1879–1886) 3527:Ottoman conquest of the Balkans 2901:Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene 2862:Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene 2759:Maria Palaiologina Kantakouzene 2406:, defeating its first emperor ( 911:clan, claimed descent from the 11260:Bulgaria history-related lists 10152:. Springer. pp. 459–460. 10018:Evans, Stanley George (1960). 9606:Logio, George Clenton (1974). 9191:Rosser, John Hutchins (2012). 7221:(1196–1207) was identified by 4202:(king). Leading figure in the 4134:House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 4103:Russo-Turkish War of 1877–1878 3796:Bulgaria was conquered by the 3440:House of Sratsimir (1331–1422) 3377:Matrilineal great-grandson of 2000:Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria 1975:Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria 1969:Bulgaria was conquered by the 1805:House of Cometopuli (997–1018) 610:and Autocrat of the Bulgarians 584:and Autocrat of the Bulgarians 270:(852–889) was using the title 13: 1: 10988:100 Tourist Sites of Bulgaria 9807:Mutafchieva, Vera P. (1969). 9670:The Bulgarian Khans and Tsars 9541:(in Bulgarian) (1–2): 71–75. 8944:Roszkowski, Wojciech (2015). 8509:Treadgold, Warren T. (1997). 8354:Treadgold, Warren T. (1997). 7816:A Concise History of Bulgaria 7493: 7208:(Peter III) are also counted. 3851: 3840: 3779: 3726: 3682:was largely conquered by the 3663: 3652: 3612: 3567: 3420: 3325:House of Shishman (1323–1331) 3310:1321–1322. Intervened in the 3307: 3265: 3133:House of Borjigin (1299–1300) 2857: 2828: 2824: 2820: 2800: 2352: 1340:Possibly a descendant of the 1330: 903:680 when the Bulgarian ruler 900: 839:(1918–1943) ruled the modern 234: 161: 10076:Beorn, Waitman Wade (2018). 9609:Bulgaria, Past & Present 9476:. Springer. pp. 84–85. 9221:Madgearu, Alexandru (2008). 9155:Stepanov, Tsvetelin (2019). 9134:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 16–17. 9128:Chary, Frederick B. (2011). 9066:Madgearu, Alexandru (2013). 9010:. CUP Archive. p. 180. 8835:"Peter I | Tsar of Bulgaria" 8713:Hupchick, Dennis P. (2017). 8280:. BRILL. pp. 148, 266. 7965:. BRILL. pp. 398, 400. 7561:Madgearu, Alexandru (2016). 3973:(1598) and briefly ruled at 3729:1356–1371. Made the heir to 3034:House of Smilets (1292–1299) 2398:Byzantine Empire due to the 2107:Claimed to be a grandson of 1863:, the sons of a noble named 1609:Vladimir. Boris's other son 7: 11255:Lists of monarchs in Europe 11216:Vehicle registration plates 11155:Lebanese people in Bulgaria 10021:A Short History of Bulgaria 9947:Dimitrov, Vesselin (2001). 9898:A Short History of Bulgaria 9036:Krsmanović, Bojana (2008). 8920:. Borina. pp. 45, 55. 8598:T︠S︡vetkov, Plamen (1993). 8387:. Oxford University Press. 8236:. Oxford University Press. 7690:10.37879/belleten.2021.1073 7033: 4113:, Alexander used the title 1613:was thereafter made ruler. 682:rex Bulgarorum et Blachorum 660:in Bulgarian documents and 374:, generally translated as " 139: 10: 11291: 10113:The Holocaust Encyclopedia 9813:. Sofia-Press. p. 76. 9612:. AMS Press. p. 307. 9500:Georgieva, Sashka (2017). 9440:. Routledge. p. 203. 9313:. Routledge. p. 111. 9072:. BRILL. pp. 55, 96. 7849:Tricht, Filip Van (2011). 7599:. CUP Archive. p. 4. 7432:Prince Valdemar of Denmark 4328:Prime Minister of Bulgaria 4192:Prince Valdemar of Denmark 4131: 4042: 4027: 3864: 3443: 3328: 3215: 3136: 3037: 2962: 2325:), with Peter ruling from 2256: 2245: 1959:and one headed by his son 1808: 1348:and incorporated parts of 1288: 883: 797: 490:of the Bulgarians and the 11270:Lists of Bulgarian people 11224: 11173: 11120: 10973: 10861: 10823: 10760: 10742: 10716: 10629: 10594: 10426: 10377: 10238: 9917:Perry, Duncan M. (1993). 9666:Българските ханове и царе 8753:Lawler, Jennifer (2015). 8545:. Springer. p. 177. 8274:Sophoulis, Panos (2011). 8178:Runciman, Steven (1930). 7787:Nicol, Donald M. (1967). 7631:. Routledge. p. 75. 7436:Prince Henry XXV of Reuss 7314:Sometimes referred to as 7129:Sometimes referred to as 7103:(1331–1371) and his sons 6998: 6996: 6957: 6955: 6824: 6822: 6806: 6804: 6659: 6657: 6655: 6649: 6647: 6645: 6639: 6637: 6635: 6629: 6627: 6625: 6617: 6613: 6611: 6609: 6607: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6585: 6583: 6444: 6442: 6422: 6420: 6412: 6410: 6360: 6347: 6243: 6241: 6239: 6231: 6229: 6227: 6219: 6215: 6209: 6185: 6181: 6175: 6163: 6161: 6137: 6135: 6113: 6107: 6101: 6092: 6081: 6046: 6026: 6017: 6006: 5993: 5991: 5989: 5981: 5979: 5977: 5969: 5965: 5959: 5947: 5945: 5929: 5927: 5919: 5915: 5913: 5911: 5891: 5889: 5857: 5780: 5778: 5776: 5768: 5766: 5750: 5748: 5740: 5738: 5722: 5718: 5716: 5714: 5702: 5700: 5692: 5690: 5682: 5680: 5672: 5670: 5668: 5662: 5660: 5658: 5656: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5634: 5628: 5626: 5624: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5606: 5604: 5588: 5584: 5582: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5566: 5564: 5562: 5560: 5554: 5552: 5550: 5548: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5415: 5413: 5411: 5409: 5407: 5405: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5375: 5373: 5363: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5351: 5349: 5347: 5345: 5343: 5341: 5335: 5333: 5331: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5317: 5180: 5178: 5176: 5174: 5172: 5166: 5164: 5162: 5160: 5154: 5152: 5150: 5148: 5140: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5124: 5122: 5120: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5112: 5110: 5108: 4987: 4985: 4983: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4881: 4879: 4871: 4869: 4791: 4789: 4787: 4779: 4777: 4775: 4767: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4696: 4694: 4654: 4652: 4650: 4640: 4636: 4630: 4599: 4597: 4566: 4564: 4528: 4526: 4524: 4514: 4510: 4504: 4465: 4463: 4404: 4402: 4400: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4382: 4378: 4376: 4374: 4372: 4370: 4368: 4366: 4272:the Holocaust in Bulgaria 4270:. His government oversaw 4268:German invasion of Russia 3794: 2486:Bulgarian Orthodox Church 2253:House of Asen (1185–1256) 1967: 1712:Bulgarian Orthodox Church 1661:Bulgarian Orthodox Church 425:(deriving from the Latin 312: 209: 194: 176: 168: 157: 147: 112: 102: 97: 93: 89: 69: 65: 53: 45: 42: 31: 10046:Crowe, David M. (2018). 9832:The Romanians: A History 9829:Georgescu, Vlad (1991). 9638:Andreev, Jordan (1993). 9096:Бакалов, Георги (2003). 8408:Detrez, Raymond (2014). 8144:10.18778/2084-140X.05.09 7813:Crampton, R. J. (2005). 7671:Temizer, Abidin (2021). 7531:Detrez, Raymond (2014). 7372:, especially given that 7170:Sometimes enumerated as 7070: 4030:Principality of Bulgaria 3889:Principality of Bulgaria 3784:church synods at Tarnovo 3087:Michael VIII Palaiologos 3013:Michael VIII Palaiologos 2946:Michael VIII Palaiologos 2763:Michael VIII Palaiologos 2751:Irene Doukaina Laskarina 2305:Aristocrat, probably of 794:Names and regnal numbers 744:Principality of Bulgaria 652:The first rulers of the 11275:Monarchs of the Bulgars 10800:Mountain peaks in Pirin 9856:Bogdanov, Ivan (1967). 9537:Pavlov, Plamen (1999). 9275:Vásáry, István (2005). 9131:The History of Bulgaria 8914:Pavlov, Plamen (2009). 7440:Prince Carol of Romania 7401:, who did not reign as 7368:) used the double name 7322:as Ivan I nor counting 4246:(24 years and 330 days) 4011:Second Tarnovo Uprising 3994:Ростислав Стратимирович 3990:Rostislav Stratimirovic 3806:Second Bulgarian Empire 3027:and fled to Byzantium. 2248:Second Bulgarian Empire 1576:Eastern Orthodox Church 1285:House of Krum (803–997) 919:, through Attila's son 654:Second Bulgarian Empire 9584:Cite journal requires 9161:. BRILL. p. 267. 9004:Vlasto, A. P. (1970). 8974:Whittow, Mark (1996). 8462:Shores, Louis (1964). 8435:Curta, Florin (2019). 8384:Dynasties of the World 8301:Moskov, Mosko (1988). 8233:Dynasties of the World 7992:. BRILL. p. 245. 7986:Ryder, Judith (2010). 7959:Curta, Florin (2008). 7931:. BRILL. p. 346. 7895:Petkov, Kiril (2008). 7855:. BRILL. p. 393. 7753:Curta, Florin (2021). 7444:Alexander II of Russia 7242:(rendered in Latin as 4322:was victorious in the 4182:(31 years and 87 days) 4138:Bulgarian royal family 4089:(7 years and 131 days) 3971:First Tarnovo Uprising 3802:Bulgarian–Ottoman wars 3083:Smiltsena Palaiologina 2674:Rostislav Mikhailovich 2478:Empire of Thessalonica 2123:; later fate unknown. 1979:First Bulgarian Empire 897:First Bulgarian Empire 886:First Bulgarian Empire 831:), his great-grandson 815: 693:tsr’ Bl’garom i Gr’kom 542:of the Bulgarians and 453:Bulgarian royal titles 357:(814–831) and his son 341:First Bulgarian Empire 336: 10633:(1878–1908) and 9991:Jones, Barry (2022). 9470:Hupchick, D. (2002). 8441:. BRILL. p. 82. 8126:Mladjov, Ian (2015). 7567:. BRILL. p. 50. 7259:Often referred to as 4326:and Simeon served as 4306:(3 years and 17 days) 4154:Succession and notes 4117:(prince) rather than 4101:(1878) following the 4061:Succession and notes 3906:Succession and notes 3469:Succession and notes 3389:before his election. 3347:Succession and notes 3234:Succession and notes 3155:Succession and notes 3056:Succession and notes 2981:Succession and notes 2753:, a granddaughter of 2607:Succession and notes 2482:Battle of Klokotnitsa 2275:Succession and notes 2043:Succession and notes 1953:Battle of Dyrrhachium 1827:Succession and notes 1643:Son of Boris I. Made 1307:Succession and notes 1129:Telets (c.761–c.764) 1008:Tervel (c.701–c.718) 807: 325: 9099:История на българите 8874:. BRILL. p. 2. 7341:Michael III Shishman 4009:(prince) during the 2678:Ростислав Михайлович 2329:. Murdered in 1197. 1857:The youngest of the 1454:30-year peace treaty 1269:Kardam (777?–c.803) 1252:Telerig (772/3–777) 1243:Telerig (c.770–777) 1093:Kormisosh (739–756) 1088:Kormisosh (750–762) 1085:Kormisosh (739–756) 1051:Kormisosh (721–738) 1048:Unknown (718–c.725) 1045:Kormisosh (721–738) 1022:anonymous (714–715) 994:Asparuh (681–c.700) 985:Asparuh (681–c.701) 740:Tarnovo Constitution 662:imperator Bulgarorum 229:during the medieval 223:monarchs of Bulgaria 180:Various historically 11181:Commemorative coins 11145:Bulgarian Americans 10853:Non-marine molluscs 10775:Dams and reservoirs 10595:Rebels against the 10378:Rebels against the 9548:10.34298/IC1766085G 9515:10.34298/IC1766085G 8539:Haldon, J. (2005). 7729:. Haus Publishing. 7683:(304): 1084, 1086. 7040:History of Bulgaria 4034:Kingdom of Bulgaria 3666:1337–1356. Granted 2745:Elected emperor in 1266:Kardam (777–c.803) 1246:Telerig (765?–777) 1037:Kormesiy (715–721) 1017:Tervel (c.700–721) 982:Asparuh (670s–701) 931: 841:Kingdom of Bulgaria 454: 11107:Tallest structures 10536:Theodore Svetoslav 10232:Bulgarian monarchs 10146:Stone, D. (2004). 9506:Историјски часопис 7428:Congress of Berlin 7397:or (also counting 6334:Theodore Svetoslav 4001:(less than a year) 3961:(less than a year) 3248:Theodore Svetoslav 3199:Theodore Svetoslav 3017:Kira Maria Asenina 2708:Kingdom of Hungary 2573:(less than a year) 2211:(less than a year) 2179:(less than a year) 2147:(less than a year) 2067:(less than a year) 1905:(less than a year) 1877:Battle of Kleidion 1811:Cometopuli dynasty 1255:Telerig (768–777) 1249:Telerig (768–777) 1197:Toktu (767–c.769) 1152:Sabin (c.764–767) 1118:Vineh (753/4–760) 1106:Vineh (756–c.761) 1074:Sevar (738–753/4) 1071:Sevar (c.725–739) 1065:Sevar (c.718–750) 1040:Unknown (718–725) 991:Asparuh (641–701) 988:Asparuh (680–700) 946:(originally 1983) 930: 816: 452: 417:Holy Roman emperor 395:universal monarchy 349:, recorded in ten 337: 251:Old Great Bulgaria 113:First monarch 11242: 11241: 11211:Telephone numbers 11186:Football stadiums 10911:Political parties 10896:Mayors of Plovdiv 10668: 10667: 10638:(1908–1946) 10489:Constantine I Tih 10430:(1185–1422) 10417:Constantine Bodin 10191:978-1-317-63939-8 10159:978-0-230-52450-7 10123:978-0-300-13811-5 10089:978-1-4742-3222-7 10059:978-0-429-96498-5 10004:978-1-76046-552-0 9960:978-0-415-26729-8 9930:978-0-8223-1313-7 9842:978-0-8142-0511-2 9768:978-1-5275-3963-1 9741:978-1-4381-1025-7 9619:978-0-404-56133-8 9483:978-0-312-29913-2 9447:978-1-000-41745-6 9420:978-0-472-08260-5 9366:978-1-000-47624-8 9320:978-1-317-26808-6 9288:978-1-139-44408-8 9234:978-0-8108-5846-6 9204:978-0-8108-7567-8 9168:978-90-04-40993-4 9141:978-0-313-38446-2 9109:978-954-528-289-8 9079:978-90-04-25249-3 9049:978-960-371-060-8 9017:978-0-521-07459-9 8987:978-1-349-24765-3 8957:978-83-65972-20-0 8927:978-954-500-215-1 8881:978-90-04-35299-5 8766:978-1-4766-0929-4 8726:978-3-319-56206-3 8692:978-954-426-718-6 8665:978-954-426-718-6 8638:978-954-426-718-6 8611:978-0-7734-1956-8 8579:978-954-426-718-6 8552:978-0-230-27395-5 8522:978-0-8047-2630-6 8492:978-954-426-718-6 8448:978-90-04-39519-0 8421:978-1-4422-4180-0 8394:978-0-19-251848-4 8367:978-0-8047-2630-6 8340:978-0-472-08149-3 8287:978-90-04-20695-3 8243:978-0-19-251848-4 8191:978-0-598-74922-2 7999:978-90-04-18944-7 7972:978-90-474-2356-0 7938:978-90-04-29036-5 7908:978-90-474-3375-0 7862:978-90-04-20392-1 7826:978-0-521-61637-9 7766:978-1-000-47624-8 7736:978-1-907822-25-4 7638:978-1-134-58328-7 7606:978-0-521-27323-7 7574:978-90-04-33319-2 7544:978-1-4422-4180-0 7407:Ivan Shishman III 7399:Shishman of Vidin 7386:Enumerated after 7349:Shishman of Vidin 7223:Pope Innocent III 7206:Constantine Bodin 7031: 7030: 7027: 7026: 6908: 6907: 6904: 6903: 5039: 5038: 5035: 5034: 4334: 4333: 4307: 4303:15 September 1946 4298: 4247: 4238: 4208:Second Balkan War 4183: 4174: 4125: 4124: 4107:National Assembly 4090: 4081: 4045:Battenberg family 4021: 4020: 4015:Tsardom of Russia 4002: 3995: 3962: 3955: 3931: 3924: 3858: 3857: 3847: 3837: 3775: 3767: 3722: 3715: 3659: 3648: 3608: 3600: 3563: 3555: 3496: 3489: 3446:Sratsimir dynasty 3437: 3436: 3416: 3409: 3374: 3367: 3331:House of Shishman 3322: 3321: 3303: 3296: 3261: 3254: 3209: 3208: 3182: 3175: 3130: 3129: 3119: 3112: 3078: 3071: 3031: 3030: 3008: 3001: 2956: 2955: 2937: 2930: 2896: 2889: 2853: 2846: 2807: 2796: 2742: 2735: 2712:Constantine I Tih 2695: 2688: 2655:Constantine I Tih 2634: 2627: 2585: 2584: 2574: 2567: 2544: 2537: 2514: 2507: 2472: 2465: 2437: 2430: 2394: 2387: 2359: 2349: 2302: 2295: 2239: 2238: 2212: 2205: 2200:Constantine Bodin 2180: 2173: 2148: 2141: 2121:Battle of Ostrovo 2104: 2097: 2068: 2061: 2008:Theme of Bulgaria 1985: 1984: 1940: 1933: 1906: 1899: 1854: 1847: 1802: 1801: 1789: 1782: 1741: 1734: 1694: 1687: 1659:. Proclaimed the 1640: 1633: 1605: 1598: 1553: 1546: 1511: 1504: 1482: 1475: 1449: 1442: 1418: 1411: 1390: 1383: 1337: 1327: 1282: 1281: 1278:Kardam (777–803) 1275:Kardam (777–802) 1272:Kardam (777–803) 1141:Telets (760–763) 1138:Telets (762–765) 1135:Telets (760–763) 1132:Telets (762–763) 1014:Tervel (701–718) 1011:Tervel (700–721) 1005:Tervel (701–718) 678:Pope Innocent III 650: 649: 646:of the Bulgarians 558:of the Bulgarians 529:of the Bulgarians 506:of the Bulgarians 403:Nicholas Mystikos 219: 218: 172:15 September 1946 148:Last monarch 46:Царь на Българитѣ 16:(Redirected from 11282: 11005:Cities and towns 10891:Mayors of Pleven 10754: 10748: 10707: 10706: 10695: 10688: 10681: 10672: 10671: 10613:Ivan Shishman II 10546:Michael Asen III 10541:George Terter II 10242:(680–1018) 10225: 10218: 10211: 10202: 10201: 10196: 10195: 10175: 10164: 10163: 10143: 10128: 10127: 10107: 10094: 10093: 10073: 10064: 10063: 10043: 10026: 10025: 10015: 10009: 10008: 9988: 9965: 9964: 9944: 9935: 9934: 9914: 9903: 9902: 9892: 9886: 9885: 9875: 9864: 9863: 9853: 9847: 9846: 9826: 9815: 9814: 9804: 9798: 9797: 9779: 9773: 9772: 9752: 9746: 9745: 9725: 9716: 9715: 9694: 9688: 9687: 9661: 9655: 9654: 9642:(in Bulgarian). 9635: 9624: 9623: 9603: 9594: 9593: 9587: 9581: 9575: 9570: 9568: 9560: 9550: 9534: 9528: 9527: 9517: 9497: 9488: 9487: 9467: 9452: 9451: 9431: 9425: 9424: 9404: 9371: 9370: 9350: 9325: 9324: 9307:Various (2021). 9304: 9293: 9292: 9272: 9239: 9238: 9218: 9209: 9208: 9188: 9173: 9172: 9152: 9146: 9145: 9125: 9114: 9113: 9093: 9084: 9083: 9063: 9054: 9053: 9033: 9022: 9021: 9001: 8992: 8991: 8971: 8962: 8961: 8941: 8932: 8931: 8911: 8886: 8885: 8865: 8850: 8849: 8847: 8845: 8831: 8822: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8803: 8797: 8796: 8788: 8771: 8770: 8750: 8731: 8730: 8710: 8697: 8696: 8676: 8670: 8669: 8649: 8643: 8642: 8622: 8616: 8615: 8595: 8584: 8583: 8563: 8557: 8556: 8536: 8527: 8526: 8506: 8497: 8496: 8476: 8470: 8469: 8459: 8453: 8452: 8432: 8426: 8425: 8405: 8399: 8398: 8378: 8372: 8371: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8324: 8309: 8308: 8298: 8292: 8291: 8271: 8248: 8247: 8227: 8196: 8195: 8175: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8123: 8004: 8003: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7956: 7943: 7942: 7922: 7913: 7912: 7892: 7867: 7866: 7846: 7831: 7830: 7810: 7804: 7803: 7793: 7784: 7771: 7770: 7750: 7741: 7740: 7720: 7711: 7710: 7692: 7668: 7657: 7654: 7643: 7642: 7622: 7611: 7610: 7590: 7579: 7578: 7558: 7549: 7548: 7528: 7487: 7484: 7478: 7475: 7469: 7453: 7447: 7420: 7414: 7384: 7378: 7370:Constantine Asen 7358: 7352: 7337: 7331: 7312: 7306: 7291: 7285: 7282:Constantine Asen 7278: 7272: 7257: 7251: 7236: 7230: 7215: 7209: 7194: 7188: 7181: 7175: 7168: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7144: 7138: 7127: 7121: 7118: 7112: 7107:(1356–1397) and 7091:(1241–1246) and 7081: 6919: 6918: 6910: 6909: 6531:George Terter II 6313:Keratsa Petritsa 6302:Michael Asen III 5050: 5049: 5041: 5040: 4350: 4349: 4341: 4340: 4305: 4301:28 August 1943 – 4296: 4287: 4245: 4241:3 October 1918 – 4236: 4227: 4204:First Balkan War 4181: 4172: 4163: 4142: 4141: 4088: 4086:7 September 1886 4079: 4070: 4049: 4048: 4000: 3993: 3986: 3960: 3953: 3950:Ivan Shishman II 3929: 3922: 3915: 3894: 3893: 3867:Ottoman Bulgaria 3853: 3845: 3842: 3826: 3817: 3781: 3773:in his own right 3770: 3759: 3750: 3728: 3720: 3704: 3695: 3665: 3657: 3654: 3637: 3628: 3614: 3606:in his own right 3603: 3592: 3583: 3569: 3561:in his own right 3558: 3547: 3538: 3505:Michael Asen III 3501:Keratsa Petritsa 3494: 3487: 3478: 3457: 3456: 3422: 3414: 3407: 3398: 3372: 3365: 3361:Michael Asen III 3356: 3335: 3334: 3309: 3301: 3294: 3290:George Terter II 3285: 3267: 3259: 3252: 3243: 3222: 3221: 3180: 3173: 3164: 3143: 3142: 3117: 3110: 3076: 3069: 3044: 3043: 3006: 2999: 2990: 2969: 2968: 2935: 2928: 2894: 2887: 2859: 2851: 2844: 2830: 2826: 2822: 2805: 2802: 2785: 2778: 2740: 2733: 2723: 2693: 2677: 2670: 2641:, a daughter of 2632: 2625: 2616: 2595: 2594: 2572: 2565: 2550:Empire of Nicaea 2542: 2535: 2526: 2512: 2505: 2470: 2463: 2454: 2435: 2428: 2419: 2392: 2385: 2375: 2357: 2354: 2347: 2338: 2319:Isaac II Angelos 2300: 2293: 2284: 2263: 2262: 2210: 2204:Константин Бодин 2203: 2196: 2178: 2171: 2164: 2146: 2139: 2132: 2102: 2095: 2088: 2066: 2059: 2052: 2031: 2030: 1971:Byzantine Empire 1938: 1931: 1922: 1904: 1897: 1888: 1852: 1845: 1836: 1815: 1814: 1787: 1780: 1771: 1739: 1732: 1723: 1692: 1685: 1676: 1638: 1631: 1622: 1603: 1596: 1587: 1551: 1544: 1535: 1509: 1502: 1480: 1473: 1447: 1440: 1431: 1416: 1414:possibly 814–815 1409: 1388: 1381: 1358:Battle of Pliska 1336:(c. 11-17 years) 1335: 1332: 1325: 1316: 1295: 1294: 1232:Pagan (767–768) 1226:Pagan (767–768) 1209:Toktu (766–767) 1206:Toktu (767–772) 1203:Toktu (766–767) 1200:Pagan (763–765) 1163:Sabin (763–766) 1160:Sabin (765–767) 1157:Sabin (763–766) 1115:Vineh (756–762) 1112:Vineh (753–760) 1068:Sevar (738–753) 1062:Sevar (725–739) 951:Treadgold (1997) 932: 929: 902: 861:Michael Asen III 822:in 1879. Modern 640: 627: 617: 604: 591: 578: 565: 552: 536: 523: 513: 500: 455: 451: 391:Byzantine Empire 278:Byzantine Empire 245:(1879–1908) and 236: 163: 142: 74: 58: 49: 48: 47: 38: 29: 28: 21: 18:Tsar of Bulgaria 11290: 11289: 11285: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11280: 11279: 11245: 11244: 11243: 11238: 11220: 11169: 11116: 10978: 10969: 10926:Vice Presidents 10921:Prime Ministers 10906:Mayors of Varna 10901:Mayors of Sofia 10866: 10857: 10819: 10815:Rock formations 10805:Protected areas 10756: 10755: 10740: 10712: 10701: 10699: 10669: 10664: 10634: 10625: 10590: 10561:Michael Asen IV 10516:George Terter I 10501:Michael Asen II 10495:Jacob Svetoslav 10472:Kaliman Asen II 10422: 10373: 10234: 10229: 10199: 10192: 10176: 10167: 10160: 10144: 10131: 10124: 10108: 10097: 10090: 10074: 10067: 10060: 10044: 10029: 10016: 10012: 10005: 9989: 9968: 9961: 9945: 9938: 9931: 9915: 9906: 9893: 9889: 9876: 9867: 9854: 9850: 9843: 9827: 9818: 9810:Bulgaria's Past 9805: 9801: 9794: 9780: 9776: 9769: 9753: 9749: 9742: 9726: 9719: 9712: 9695: 9691: 9684: 9662: 9658: 9636: 9627: 9620: 9604: 9597: 9585: 9583: 9573: 9571: 9562: 9561: 9535: 9531: 9498: 9491: 9484: 9468: 9455: 9448: 9432: 9428: 9421: 9405: 9374: 9367: 9351: 9328: 9321: 9305: 9296: 9289: 9273: 9242: 9235: 9219: 9212: 9205: 9189: 9176: 9169: 9153: 9149: 9142: 9126: 9117: 9110: 9094: 9087: 9080: 9064: 9057: 9050: 9034: 9025: 9018: 9002: 8995: 8988: 8972: 8965: 8958: 8942: 8935: 8928: 8912: 8889: 8882: 8866: 8853: 8843: 8841: 8833: 8832: 8825: 8815: 8813: 8805: 8804: 8800: 8789: 8774: 8767: 8751: 8734: 8727: 8711: 8700: 8693: 8677: 8673: 8666: 8650: 8646: 8639: 8623: 8619: 8612: 8596: 8587: 8580: 8564: 8560: 8553: 8537: 8530: 8523: 8507: 8500: 8493: 8477: 8473: 8460: 8456: 8449: 8433: 8429: 8422: 8406: 8402: 8395: 8379: 8375: 8368: 8352: 8348: 8341: 8325: 8312: 8299: 8295: 8288: 8272: 8251: 8244: 8228: 8199: 8192: 8176: 8161: 8124: 8007: 8000: 7984: 7980: 7973: 7957: 7946: 7939: 7923: 7916: 7909: 7893: 7870: 7863: 7847: 7834: 7827: 7811: 7807: 7791: 7785: 7774: 7767: 7751: 7744: 7737: 7721: 7714: 7669: 7660: 7655: 7646: 7639: 7623: 7614: 7607: 7591: 7582: 7575: 7559: 7552: 7545: 7529: 7500: 7496: 7491: 7490: 7485: 7481: 7476: 7472: 7454: 7450: 7421: 7417: 7385: 7381: 7359: 7355: 7338: 7334: 7316:Ivan IV Smilets 7313: 7309: 7295:Svrljig gospels 7292: 7288: 7279: 7275: 7261:Michael II Asen 7258: 7254: 7237: 7233: 7216: 7212: 7204:(Peter II) and 7195: 7191: 7182: 7178: 7169: 7165: 7157: 7153: 7145: 7141: 7128: 7124: 7119: 7115: 7097:George Terter I 7082: 7078: 7073: 7036: 7020: 6979: 6938: 6927: 6882: 6751: 6740: 6729: 6718: 6707: 6704:Michael Asen IV 6534: 6511: 6500: 6355: 6337: 6305: 6294: 6267: 6264:Michael Asen II 6089: 6086:George Terter I 6069: 6054: 6034: 6014: 5876: 5873:Kaliman Asen II 5865: 5812: 5801: 5517: 5463: 5268: 5255: 5242: 4926: 4915: 4831: 4818: 4807: 4718: 4677: 4666: 4617: 4584: 4551: 4487: 4446: 4435: 4424: 4339: 4316:Georgi Dimitrov 4304: 4302: 4295: 4244: 4242: 4235: 4190:(prince) after 4180: 4178: 4171: 4140: 4132:Main articles: 4130: 4087: 4085: 4084:29 April 1879 – 4078: 4047: 4041: 4036: 4028:Main articles: 4026: 3999: 3992: 3959: 3952: 3936:County of Temes 3928: 3921: 3869: 3863: 3844: 3828: 3825: 3764:Junior co-ruler 3761: 3758: 3719: 3706: 3703: 3656: 3639: 3636: 3597:Junior co-ruler 3594: 3591: 3552:Junior co-ruler 3549: 3546: 3543:Michael Asen IV 3493: 3488:Иван Александър 3486: 3448: 3442: 3413: 3406: 3371: 3364: 3333: 3327: 3300: 3293: 3258: 3253:Тодор Светослав 3251: 3220: 3214: 3187:George Terter I 3179: 3172: 3141: 3135: 3116: 3109: 3075: 3068: 3042: 3040:Smilets dynasty 3036: 3005: 2998: 2995:George Terter I 2967: 2961: 2934: 2927: 2907:in exile after 2893: 2886: 2850: 2843: 2840:Michael Asen II 2804: 2787: 2784: 2782:Jacob Svetoslav 2739: 2734:Константин Асен 2732: 2692: 2679: 2676: 2631: 2624: 2590: 2571: 2564: 2561:Kaliman Asen II 2541: 2534: 2511: 2504: 2469: 2462: 2434: 2427: 2391: 2384: 2356: 2346: 2299: 2292: 2261: 2255: 2250: 2244: 2233:King of Dioclea 2209: 2202: 2177: 2170: 2145: 2138: 2101: 2094: 2065: 2058: 1990: 1937: 1930: 1903: 1896: 1851: 1844: 1813: 1807: 1786: 1779: 1738: 1731: 1706:. Considered a 1691: 1684: 1637: 1630: 1602: 1597:Владимир Расате 1595: 1550: 1543: 1508: 1501: 1479: 1472: 1458:Thomas the Slav 1446: 1439: 1415: 1408: 1387: 1380: 1334: 1324: 1293: 1287: 893: 888: 882: 857:George Terter I 802: 796: 736: 638: 625: 615: 602: 589: 576: 563: 550: 534: 521: 511: 498: 450: 320: 315: 186: 181: 133: 124: 85: 83: 78: 61: 43: 36: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 11288: 11278: 11277: 11272: 11267: 11265:Lists of khans 11262: 11257: 11240: 11239: 11237: 11236: 11231: 11225: 11222: 11221: 11219: 11218: 11213: 11208: 11203: 11201:Military bases 11198: 11193: 11188: 11183: 11177: 11175: 11171: 11170: 11168: 11167: 11162: 11157: 11152: 11147: 11142: 11137: 11132: 11126: 11124: 11118: 11117: 11115: 11114: 11109: 11104: 11099: 11094: 11093: 11092: 11085: 11078: 11071: 11064: 11057: 11050: 11043: 11031: 11026: 11025: 11024: 11012: 11010:Municipalities 11007: 11002: 10997: 10996: 10995: 10984: 10982: 10971: 10970: 10968: 10967: 10966: 10965: 10956:Shopping malls 10953: 10951:Power stations 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10923: 10918: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10883: 10878: 10872: 10870: 10859: 10858: 10856: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10829: 10827: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10817: 10812: 10807: 10802: 10797: 10792: 10787: 10782: 10780:Extreme points 10777: 10772: 10766: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10749: 10743: 10741: 10739: 10738: 10733: 10728: 10722: 10720: 10714: 10713: 10711:-related lists 10698: 10697: 10690: 10683: 10675: 10666: 10665: 10663: 10662: 10657: 10652: 10647: 10641: 10639: 10627: 10626: 10624: 10623: 10616: 10609: 10601: 10599: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10588: 10586:Constantine II 10583: 10578: 10573: 10571:Ivan Sratsimir 10568: 10563: 10558: 10556:Ivan Alexander 10553: 10548: 10543: 10538: 10533: 10528: 10523: 10518: 10513: 10508: 10503: 10498: 10491: 10486: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10467:Michael Asen I 10464: 10462:Kaliman Asen I 10459: 10454: 10449: 10444: 10439: 10433: 10431: 10424: 10423: 10421: 10420: 10413: 10406: 10399: 10392: 10384: 10382: 10375: 10374: 10372: 10371: 10369:Ivan Vladislav 10366: 10364:Gavril Radomir 10361: 10356: 10351: 10346: 10341: 10336: 10331: 10326: 10321: 10316: 10311: 10306: 10301: 10296: 10291: 10286: 10281: 10276: 10271: 10266: 10261: 10256: 10251: 10245: 10243: 10236: 10235: 10228: 10227: 10220: 10213: 10205: 10198: 10197: 10190: 10165: 10158: 10129: 10122: 10095: 10088: 10065: 10058: 10027: 10010: 10003: 9966: 9959: 9936: 9929: 9904: 9887: 9865: 9859:Veliko Turnovo 9848: 9841: 9816: 9799: 9792: 9774: 9767: 9747: 9740: 9717: 9710: 9689: 9682: 9674:Veliko Tarnovo 9656: 9644:Veliko Tǎrnovo 9625: 9618: 9595: 9586:|journal= 9529: 9508:(66): 85–127. 9489: 9482: 9453: 9446: 9426: 9419: 9372: 9365: 9326: 9319: 9294: 9287: 9240: 9233: 9210: 9203: 9174: 9167: 9147: 9140: 9115: 9108: 9085: 9078: 9055: 9048: 9023: 9016: 8993: 8986: 8963: 8956: 8933: 8926: 8887: 8880: 8851: 8823: 8798: 8772: 8765: 8732: 8725: 8698: 8691: 8671: 8664: 8644: 8637: 8617: 8610: 8585: 8578: 8558: 8551: 8528: 8521: 8498: 8491: 8471: 8454: 8447: 8427: 8420: 8400: 8393: 8373: 8366: 8346: 8339: 8310: 8293: 8286: 8249: 8242: 8197: 8190: 8159: 8132:Studia Ceranea 8005: 7998: 7978: 7971: 7944: 7937: 7914: 7907: 7868: 7861: 7832: 7825: 7805: 7772: 7765: 7742: 7735: 7712: 7658: 7644: 7637: 7612: 7605: 7580: 7573: 7550: 7543: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7489: 7488: 7479: 7470: 7448: 7415: 7379: 7353: 7332: 7324:Ivan Vladislav 7307: 7286: 7273: 7252: 7231: 7210: 7200:if the rebels 7196:Enumerated as 7189: 7176: 7163: 7151: 7139: 7122: 7113: 7105:Ivan Sratsimir 7101:Ivan Alexander 7093:Michael Asen I 7089:Kaliman Asen I 7075: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7068: 7067: 7062: 7057: 7052: 7047: 7042: 7035: 7032: 7029: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7022: 7013: 7011: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 7001: 6999: 6997: 6995: 6993: 6991: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6981: 6972: 6970: 6968: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6958: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6950: 6948: 6946: 6943: 6941: 6940: 6931: 6929: 6915: 6914: 6906: 6905: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6894: 6892: 6890: 6888: 6886: 6884: 6879:Constantine II 6875: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6867: 6865: 6863: 6861: 6859: 6857: 6855: 6853: 6851: 6849: 6847: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6839: 6837: 6835: 6833: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6825: 6823: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6815: 6813: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6805: 6803: 6801: 6799: 6797: 6795: 6793: 6791: 6789: 6787: 6785: 6783: 6781: 6779: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6765: 6763: 6761: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6753: 6744: 6742: 6733: 6731: 6722: 6720: 6715:Ivan Sratsimir 6711: 6709: 6700: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6688: 6686: 6684: 6682: 6680: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6660: 6658: 6656: 6654: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6646: 6644: 6642: 6640: 6638: 6636: 6634: 6632: 6630: 6628: 6626: 6624: 6622: 6619: 6618: 6616: 6614: 6612: 6610: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6602: 6600: 6598: 6596: 6594: 6592: 6590: 6588: 6586: 6584: 6582: 6580: 6578: 6576: 6574: 6572: 6570: 6568: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6560: 6558: 6556: 6554: 6552: 6550: 6548: 6546: 6544: 6542: 6539: 6537: 6536: 6527: 6525: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6517: 6515: 6513: 6508:Ivan Alexander 6504: 6502: 6493: 6491: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6479: 6477: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6463: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6451: 6448: 6446: 6445: 6443: 6441: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6433: 6431: 6429: 6427: 6425: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6417: 6415: 6413: 6411: 6409: 6407: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6391: 6389: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6381: 6379: 6377: 6375: 6373: 6371: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6361: 6358: 6357: 6348: 6346: 6341: 6339: 6330: 6328: 6326: 6324: 6322: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6309: 6307: 6298: 6296: 6287: 6285: 6283: 6281: 6279: 6277: 6275: 6273: 6271: 6269: 6260: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6218: 6216: 6214: 6212: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6200: 6198: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6172: 6170: 6168: 6166: 6164: 6162: 6160: 6158: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6150: 6148: 6146: 6144: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6128: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6110: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6093: 6091: 6082: 6080: 6073: 6071: 6062: 6060: 6058: 6056: 6047: 6045: 6038: 6036: 6027: 6025: 6018: 6016: 6007: 6005: 5997: 5996: 5994: 5992: 5990: 5988: 5986: 5984: 5982: 5980: 5978: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5970: 5968: 5966: 5964: 5962: 5960: 5958: 5956: 5954: 5952: 5950: 5948: 5946: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5938: 5936: 5934: 5932: 5930: 5928: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5920: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5904: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5896: 5894: 5892: 5890: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5878: 5869: 5867: 5858: 5856: 5849: 5847: 5840: 5838: 5836: 5834: 5832: 5830: 5825: 5823: 5816: 5814: 5809:Michael Asen I 5805: 5803: 5798:Kaliman Asen I 5794: 5792: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5777: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5769: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5761: 5759: 5757: 5755: 5753: 5751: 5749: 5747: 5745: 5743: 5741: 5739: 5737: 5735: 5733: 5731: 5729: 5727: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5719: 5717: 5715: 5713: 5711: 5709: 5707: 5705: 5703: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5695: 5693: 5691: 5689: 5687: 5685: 5683: 5681: 5679: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5669: 5667: 5665: 5663: 5661: 5659: 5657: 5655: 5653: 5651: 5649: 5647: 5645: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5633: 5631: 5629: 5627: 5625: 5623: 5621: 5619: 5617: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5595: 5593: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5585: 5583: 5581: 5579: 5577: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5567: 5565: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5557: 5555: 5553: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5531: 5529: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5519: 5510: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5499: 5497: 5495: 5493: 5491: 5489: 5487: 5485: 5483: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5471: 5469: 5467: 5465: 5456: 5454: 5452: 5450: 5448: 5446: 5444: 5442: 5440: 5438: 5436: 5434: 5432: 5430: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5420: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5412: 5410: 5408: 5406: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5377: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5344: 5342: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5334: 5332: 5330: 5328: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5320: 5318: 5316: 5314: 5312: 5310: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5302: 5300: 5298: 5296: 5294: 5292: 5290: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5281: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5274: 5272: 5270: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5235: 5233: 5231: 5229: 5227: 5225: 5223: 5221: 5219: 5217: 5215: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5201: 5199: 5197: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5183: 5181: 5179: 5177: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5169: 5167: 5165: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5157: 5155: 5153: 5151: 5149: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5141: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5133: 5131: 5129: 5127: 5125: 5123: 5121: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5113: 5111: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5103: 5101: 5099: 5097: 5095: 5093: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5073: 5071: 5069: 5067: 5065: 5063: 5061: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5046: 5045: 5037: 5036: 5033: 5031: 5030: 5025: 5023: 5018: 5016: 5014: 5012: 5010: 5008: 5006: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4998: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4990: 4988: 4986: 4984: 4982: 4980: 4977: 4976: 4974: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4960: 4958: 4956: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4931: 4929: 4928: 4923:Ivan Vladislav 4919: 4917: 4912:Gavril Radomir 4908: 4906: 4904: 4902: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4894: 4892: 4890: 4888: 4885: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4876: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4868: 4866: 4864: 4862: 4860: 4858: 4856: 4854: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4840: 4835: 4833: 4824: 4822: 4820: 4811: 4809: 4800: 4798: 4795: 4794: 4792: 4790: 4788: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4780: 4778: 4776: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4768: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4754: 4752: 4750: 4748: 4746: 4744: 4742: 4740: 4738: 4736: 4734: 4732: 4730: 4728: 4726: 4723: 4721: 4720: 4711: 4709: 4707: 4705: 4702: 4700: 4699: 4697: 4695: 4693: 4691: 4689: 4687: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4679: 4670: 4668: 4658: 4657: 4655: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4643: 4641: 4639: 4637: 4635: 4633: 4631: 4629: 4627: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4619: 4610: 4608: 4605: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4594: 4592: 4589: 4587: 4586: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4570: 4569: 4567: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4553: 4544: 4542: 4537: 4535: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4527: 4525: 4523: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4509: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4499: 4497: 4495: 4492: 4490: 4489: 4480: 4478: 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4462: 4460: 4458: 4456: 4454: 4451: 4449: 4448: 4439: 4437: 4428: 4426: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4408: 4407: 4405: 4403: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4395: 4393: 4391: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4377: 4375: 4373: 4371: 4369: 4367: 4365: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4355: 4353: 4346: 4345: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4331: 4308: 4299: 4288: 4280: 4279: 4248: 4243:28 August 1943 4239: 4228: 4220: 4219: 4196:Ottoman Empire 4184: 4179:3 October 1918 4175: 4164: 4156: 4155: 4152: 4149: 4146: 4129: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4111:Ottoman Empire 4091: 4082: 4071: 4063: 4062: 4059: 4056: 4053: 4043:Main article: 4040: 4037: 4025: 4022: 4019: 4018: 4003: 3996: 3987: 3979: 3978: 3963: 3956: 3947: 3944: 3943: 3932: 3925: 3916: 3908: 3907: 3904: 3901: 3898: 3885:Danube vilayet 3862: 3859: 3856: 3855: 3848: 3838: 3822:Constantine II 3818: 3810: 3809: 3798:Ottoman Empire 3792: 3791: 3776: 3768: 3751: 3743: 3742: 3735:Sarah-Theodora 3723: 3716: 3696: 3688: 3687: 3684:Ottoman Empire 3660: 3649: 3633:Ivan Sratsimir 3629: 3621: 3620: 3609: 3601: 3584: 3576: 3575: 3564: 3556: 3539: 3531: 3530: 3519:Serbian Empire 3503:, a sister of 3497: 3490: 3483:Ivan Alexander 3479: 3471: 3470: 3467: 3464: 3461: 3444:Main article: 3441: 3438: 3435: 3434: 3425:Ivan Alexander 3417: 3410: 3399: 3391: 3390: 3375: 3368: 3357: 3349: 3348: 3345: 3342: 3339: 3329:Main article: 3326: 3323: 3320: 3319: 3304: 3297: 3286: 3278: 3277: 3262: 3255: 3244: 3236: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3218:Terter dynasty 3216:Main article: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3206: 3185:Son-in-law of 3183: 3176: 3165: 3157: 3156: 3153: 3150: 3147: 3137:Main article: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3127: 3120: 3113: 3102: 3099: 3098: 3079: 3072: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3054: 3051: 3048: 3038:Main article: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3028: 3009: 3002: 2991: 2983: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2973: 2965:Terter dynasty 2963:Main article: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2938: 2931: 2920: 2917: 2916: 2897: 2890: 2877: 2874: 2873: 2854: 2847: 2836: 2833: 2832: 2808: 2797: 2786:Яков Светослав 2779: 2771: 2770: 2743: 2736: 2724: 2716: 2715: 2696: 2689: 2671: 2663: 2662: 2635: 2628: 2617: 2609: 2608: 2605: 2602: 2599: 2589: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2575: 2568: 2557: 2554: 2553: 2545: 2538: 2531:Michael Asen I 2527: 2519: 2518: 2515: 2508: 2501:Kaliman Asen I 2497: 2494: 2493: 2473: 2466: 2455: 2447: 2446: 2438: 2431: 2420: 2412: 2411: 2400:Fourth Crusade 2395: 2388: 2376: 2368: 2367: 2360: 2350: 2339: 2331: 2330: 2303: 2296: 2285: 2277: 2276: 2273: 2270: 2267: 2257:Main article: 2254: 2251: 2246:Main article: 2243: 2240: 2237: 2236: 2213: 2206: 2197: 2189: 2188: 2185:Ivan Vladislav 2181: 2174: 2165: 2157: 2156: 2149: 2142: 2133: 2125: 2124: 2109:Gavril Radomir 2105: 2098: 2089: 2081: 2080: 2069: 2062: 2053: 2045: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1982: 1965: 1964: 1941: 1934: 1932:Иван Владислав 1927:Ivan Vladislav 1923: 1915: 1914: 1911:Ivan Vladislav 1907: 1900: 1898:Гаврил Радомир 1893:Gavril Radomir 1889: 1881: 1880: 1855: 1848: 1837: 1829: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1819: 1809:Main article: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1790: 1783: 1772: 1764: 1763: 1742: 1735: 1724: 1716: 1715: 1695: 1688: 1677: 1669: 1668: 1653:Constantinople 1641: 1634: 1623: 1615: 1614: 1606: 1599: 1588: 1580: 1579: 1554: 1547: 1536: 1528: 1527: 1512: 1505: 1494: 1491: 1490: 1483: 1476: 1465: 1462: 1461: 1450: 1443: 1432: 1424: 1423: 1419: 1412: 1399: 1396: 1395: 1391: 1384: 1373: 1370: 1369: 1366:Constantinople 1338: 1328: 1317: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1291:Krum's dynasty 1289:Main article: 1286: 1283: 1280: 1279: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1264: 1257: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1247: 1244: 1241: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1229:Pagan (772/3) 1227: 1224: 1221: 1220:Pagan (c.770) 1218: 1211: 1210: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1195: 1188: 1187: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1175: 1172: 1165: 1164: 1161: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1136: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1120: 1119: 1116: 1113: 1110: 1107: 1104: 1097: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1076: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1063: 1060: 1053: 1052: 1049: 1046: 1043: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1033: 1031: 1029: 1027: 1025: 1023: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1003: 996: 995: 992: 989: 986: 983: 980: 973: 972: 966: 960: 954: 948: 939: 892: 889: 884:Main article: 881: 878: 824:historiography 795: 792: 780:Russian Empire 756:Ottoman Empire 742:of the modern 735: 732: 724:Ivan Alexander 703:" (Bulgarian: 648: 647: 641: 635: 634: 628: 622: 621: 618: 612: 611: 605: 599: 598: 592: 586: 585: 579: 573: 572: 566: 560: 559: 553: 547: 546: 537: 531: 530: 524: 518: 517: 514: 508: 507: 501: 495: 494: 483: 479: 478: 471: 467: 466: 459: 449: 446: 399:Constantinople 319: 316: 314: 311: 303:Ottoman Empire 292:Roman emperors 255:Volga Bulgaria 237:681–1018) and 217: 216: 211: 207: 206: 196: 192: 191: 178: 174: 173: 170: 166: 165: 159: 155: 154: 149: 145: 144: 114: 110: 109: 104: 100: 99: 95: 94: 91: 90: 87: 86: 75: 67: 66: 63: 62: 59: 51: 50: 40: 39: 37:the Bulgarians 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11287: 11276: 11273: 11271: 11268: 11266: 11263: 11261: 11258: 11256: 11253: 11252: 11250: 11235: 11232: 11230: 11227: 11226: 11223: 11217: 11214: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11182: 11179: 11178: 11176: 11174:Miscellaneous 11172: 11166: 11163: 11161: 11158: 11156: 11153: 11151: 11148: 11146: 11143: 11141: 11138: 11136: 11133: 11131: 11128: 11127: 11125: 11123: 11119: 11113: 11110: 11108: 11105: 11103: 11100: 11098: 11095: 11091: 11090: 11086: 11084: 11083: 11079: 11077: 11076: 11072: 11070: 11069: 11065: 11063: 11062: 11058: 11056: 11055: 11051: 11049: 11048: 11044: 11042: 11041: 11037: 11036: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11023: 11022: 11018: 11017: 11016: 11013: 11011: 11008: 11006: 11003: 11001: 10998: 10994: 10991: 10990: 10989: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10976: 10972: 10964: 10963: 10959: 10958: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10944: 10942: 10939: 10937: 10934: 10932: 10929: 10927: 10924: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10873: 10871: 10869: 10864: 10860: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10830: 10828: 10826: 10822: 10816: 10813: 10811: 10808: 10806: 10803: 10801: 10798: 10796: 10793: 10791: 10788: 10786: 10783: 10781: 10778: 10776: 10773: 10771: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10759: 10753: 10747: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10727: 10724: 10723: 10721: 10719: 10715: 10710: 10705: 10696: 10691: 10689: 10684: 10682: 10677: 10676: 10673: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10637: 10632: 10628: 10622: 10621: 10617: 10615: 10614: 10610: 10608: 10607: 10603: 10602: 10600: 10598: 10593: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10576:Ivan Shishman 10574: 10572: 10569: 10567: 10564: 10562: 10559: 10557: 10554: 10552: 10549: 10547: 10544: 10542: 10539: 10537: 10534: 10532: 10529: 10527: 10524: 10522: 10519: 10517: 10514: 10512: 10511:Ivan Asen III 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10499: 10497: 10496: 10492: 10490: 10487: 10485: 10484: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10445: 10443: 10440: 10438: 10435: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10428:Second Empire 10425: 10419: 10418: 10414: 10412: 10411: 10407: 10405: 10404: 10400: 10398: 10397: 10393: 10391: 10390: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10376: 10370: 10367: 10365: 10362: 10360: 10357: 10355: 10352: 10350: 10347: 10345: 10342: 10340: 10337: 10335: 10332: 10330: 10327: 10325: 10322: 10320: 10317: 10315: 10312: 10310: 10307: 10305: 10302: 10300: 10297: 10295: 10292: 10290: 10287: 10285: 10282: 10280: 10277: 10275: 10272: 10270: 10267: 10265: 10262: 10260: 10257: 10255: 10252: 10250: 10247: 10246: 10244: 10241: 10237: 10233: 10226: 10221: 10219: 10214: 10212: 10207: 10206: 10203: 10193: 10187: 10184:. Routledge. 10183: 10182: 10174: 10172: 10170: 10161: 10155: 10151: 10150: 10142: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10134: 10125: 10119: 10115: 10114: 10106: 10104: 10102: 10100: 10091: 10085: 10081: 10080: 10072: 10070: 10061: 10055: 10051: 10050: 10042: 10040: 10038: 10036: 10034: 10032: 10023: 10022: 10014: 10006: 10000: 9996: 9995: 9987: 9985: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9977: 9975: 9973: 9971: 9962: 9956: 9952: 9951: 9943: 9941: 9932: 9926: 9922: 9921: 9913: 9911: 9909: 9900: 9899: 9891: 9883: 9882: 9874: 9872: 9870: 9861: 9860: 9852: 9844: 9838: 9834: 9833: 9825: 9823: 9821: 9812: 9811: 9803: 9795: 9789: 9785: 9778: 9770: 9764: 9760: 9759: 9751: 9743: 9737: 9733: 9732: 9724: 9722: 9713: 9711:954-321-172-8 9707: 9703: 9699: 9693: 9685: 9683:954-427-216-X 9679: 9675: 9671: 9667: 9660: 9652: 9649: 9645: 9641: 9634: 9632: 9630: 9621: 9615: 9611: 9610: 9602: 9600: 9591: 9579: 9566: 9558: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9540: 9533: 9525: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9496: 9494: 9485: 9479: 9475: 9474: 9466: 9464: 9462: 9460: 9458: 9449: 9443: 9439: 9438: 9430: 9422: 9416: 9412: 9411: 9403: 9401: 9399: 9397: 9395: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9385: 9383: 9381: 9379: 9377: 9368: 9362: 9359:. Routledge. 9358: 9357: 9349: 9347: 9345: 9343: 9341: 9339: 9337: 9335: 9333: 9331: 9322: 9316: 9312: 9311: 9303: 9301: 9299: 9290: 9284: 9280: 9279: 9271: 9269: 9267: 9265: 9263: 9261: 9259: 9257: 9255: 9253: 9251: 9249: 9247: 9245: 9236: 9230: 9226: 9225: 9217: 9215: 9206: 9200: 9196: 9195: 9187: 9185: 9183: 9181: 9179: 9170: 9164: 9160: 9159: 9151: 9143: 9137: 9133: 9132: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9111: 9105: 9101: 9100: 9092: 9090: 9081: 9075: 9071: 9070: 9062: 9060: 9051: 9045: 9041: 9040: 9032: 9030: 9028: 9019: 9013: 9009: 9008: 9000: 8998: 8989: 8983: 8979: 8978: 8970: 8968: 8959: 8953: 8949: 8948: 8940: 8938: 8929: 8923: 8919: 8918: 8910: 8908: 8906: 8904: 8902: 8900: 8898: 8896: 8894: 8892: 8883: 8877: 8873: 8872: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8858: 8856: 8840: 8836: 8830: 8828: 8812: 8808: 8802: 8794: 8787: 8785: 8783: 8781: 8779: 8777: 8768: 8762: 8758: 8757: 8749: 8747: 8745: 8743: 8741: 8739: 8737: 8728: 8722: 8718: 8717: 8709: 8707: 8705: 8703: 8694: 8688: 8684: 8683: 8675: 8667: 8661: 8657: 8656: 8648: 8640: 8634: 8630: 8629: 8621: 8613: 8607: 8603: 8602: 8594: 8592: 8590: 8581: 8575: 8571: 8570: 8562: 8554: 8548: 8544: 8543: 8535: 8533: 8524: 8518: 8514: 8513: 8505: 8503: 8494: 8488: 8484: 8483: 8475: 8467: 8466: 8458: 8450: 8444: 8440: 8439: 8431: 8423: 8417: 8413: 8412: 8404: 8396: 8390: 8386: 8385: 8377: 8369: 8363: 8359: 8358: 8350: 8342: 8336: 8332: 8331: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8315: 8306: 8305: 8297: 8289: 8283: 8279: 8278: 8270: 8268: 8266: 8264: 8262: 8260: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8245: 8239: 8235: 8234: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8220: 8218: 8216: 8214: 8212: 8210: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8202: 8193: 8187: 8183: 8182: 8174: 8172: 8170: 8168: 8166: 8164: 8154: 8149: 8145: 8141: 8137: 8133: 8129: 8122: 8120: 8118: 8116: 8114: 8112: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8104: 8102: 8100: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8092: 8090: 8088: 8086: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8078: 8076: 8074: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8066: 8064: 8062: 8060: 8058: 8056: 8054: 8052: 8050: 8048: 8046: 8044: 8042: 8040: 8038: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8030: 8028: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8020: 8018: 8016: 8014: 8012: 8010: 8001: 7995: 7991: 7990: 7982: 7974: 7968: 7964: 7963: 7955: 7953: 7951: 7949: 7940: 7934: 7930: 7929: 7921: 7919: 7910: 7904: 7900: 7899: 7891: 7889: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7873: 7864: 7858: 7854: 7853: 7845: 7843: 7841: 7839: 7837: 7828: 7822: 7818: 7817: 7809: 7802:(4): 325–326. 7801: 7797: 7790: 7783: 7781: 7779: 7777: 7768: 7762: 7759:. Routledge. 7758: 7757: 7749: 7747: 7738: 7732: 7728: 7727: 7719: 7717: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7696: 7691: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7667: 7665: 7663: 7653: 7651: 7649: 7640: 7634: 7630: 7629: 7621: 7619: 7617: 7608: 7602: 7598: 7597: 7589: 7587: 7585: 7576: 7570: 7566: 7565: 7557: 7555: 7546: 7540: 7536: 7535: 7527: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7517: 7515: 7513: 7511: 7509: 7507: 7505: 7503: 7498: 7483: 7474: 7467: 7466:Romani people 7463: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7441: 7437: 7433: 7429: 7425: 7419: 7412: 7408: 7404: 7400: 7396: 7393: 7389: 7388:Ivan Shishman 7383: 7375: 7371: 7367: 7366:Constantine I 7363: 7357: 7350: 7346: 7342: 7336: 7329: 7325: 7321: 7317: 7311: 7304: 7300: 7296: 7290: 7283: 7277: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7256: 7249: 7245: 7241: 7235: 7228: 7224: 7220: 7214: 7207: 7203: 7199: 7193: 7186: 7180: 7173: 7167: 7160: 7155: 7148: 7143: 7136: 7132: 7131:Boris-Michael 7126: 7117: 7110: 7109:Ivan Shishman 7106: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7090: 7086: 7080: 7076: 7066: 7063: 7061: 7058: 7056: 7053: 7051: 7048: 7046: 7043: 7041: 7038: 7037: 7024: 7019: 7018: 7005: 7003: 6985: 6983: 6978: 6977: 6964: 6962: 6944: 6942: 6937: 6936: 6926: 6925: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6912: 6911: 6901: 6898: 6881: 6880: 6831: 6829: 6757: 6755: 6750: 6749: 6739: 6738: 6737:Ivan Shishman 6728: 6727: 6717: 6716: 6706: 6705: 6664: 6661: 6653: 6651: 6643: 6641: 6633: 6631: 6623: 6621: 6620: 6615: 6599: 6597: 6581: 6579: 6540: 6538: 6533: 6532: 6510: 6509: 6499: 6498: 6449: 6447: 6363: 6359: 6354: 6353: 6345: 6336: 6335: 6315: 6314: 6304: 6303: 6293: 6292: 6266: 6265: 6248: 6245: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6225: 6223: 6222: 6217: 6213: 6211: 6207: 6205: 6183: 6179: 6177: 6173: 6171: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6111: 6109: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6088: 6087: 6079: 6078: 6068: 6067: 6066:Ivan Asen III 6053: 6052: 6044: 6043: 6033: 6032: 6024: 6023: 6013: 6012: 6011:Constantine I 6004: 6003: 5998: 5995: 5987: 5985: 5983: 5975: 5973: 5972: 5967: 5963: 5961: 5957: 5955: 5917: 5909: 5907: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5880: 5875: 5874: 5864: 5863: 5855: 5854: 5846: 5845: 5829: 5822: 5821: 5811: 5810: 5800: 5799: 5791: 5790: 5785: 5782: 5774: 5772: 5771: 5720: 5712: 5710: 5677: 5674: 5666: 5664: 5632: 5630: 5622: 5620: 5612: 5610: 5609: 5586: 5558: 5556: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5516: 5515: 5462: 5461: 5428: 5425: 5381: 5379: 5378: 5361: 5339: 5337: 5315: 5313: 5282: 5280: 5267: 5266: 5254: 5253: 5241: 5240: 5185: 5182: 5170: 5168: 5158: 5156: 5146: 5144: 5143: 5138: 5106: 5104: 5051: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5042: 5032: 5029: 5022: 4992: 4989: 4981: 4979: 4978: 4973: 4969: 4967: 4963: 4961: 4932: 4930: 4925: 4924: 4914: 4913: 4886: 4884: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4830: 4829: 4817: 4816: 4806: 4805: 4796: 4793: 4785: 4783: 4781: 4773: 4771: 4770: 4765: 4757: 4755: 4743: 4739: 4737: 4733: 4731: 4724: 4722: 4717: 4716: 4703: 4701: 4683: 4681: 4676: 4675: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4656: 4648: 4646: 4645: 4638: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4626: 4623: 4621: 4616: 4615: 4606: 4604: 4590: 4588: 4583: 4582: 4573: 4571: 4557: 4555: 4550: 4549: 4541: 4533: 4530: 4522: 4520: 4519: 4512: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4500: 4493: 4491: 4486: 4485: 4472: 4470: 4452: 4450: 4445: 4444: 4434: 4433: 4423: 4422: 4409: 4406: 4398: 4396: 4388: 4386: 4385: 4380: 4364: 4362: 4351: 4348: 4347: 4343: 4342: 4329: 4325: 4321: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4300: 4294: 4293: 4289: 4286: 4282: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4261: 4257: 4253: 4249: 4240: 4234: 4233: 4229: 4226: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4213: 4212:German Empire 4209: 4205: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4177:7 July 1887 – 4176: 4170: 4169: 4165: 4162: 4158: 4157: 4153: 4150: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4120: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4104: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4083: 4077: 4076: 4072: 4069: 4065: 4064: 4060: 4057: 4054: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4035: 4031: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3991: 3988: 3985: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3972: 3968: 3964: 3957: 3951: 3948: 3946: 3945: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3926: 3920: 3917: 3914: 3910: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3899: 3896: 3895: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3882: 3878: 3874: 3868: 3849: 3846:(c. 25 years) 3839: 3835: 3834: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3808: 3807: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3789: 3788:Ivan Shishman 3785: 3777: 3774: 3769: 3765: 3757: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3724: 3717: 3713: 3712: 3702: 3701: 3700:Ivan Shishman 3697: 3694: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3681: 3677: 3673: 3672:Ivan Shishman 3669: 3661: 3658:(c. 41 years) 3650: 3646: 3645: 3638:Иван Срацимир 3635: 3634: 3630: 3627: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3610: 3607: 3602: 3598: 3590: 3589: 3585: 3582: 3578: 3577: 3573: 3565: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3537: 3533: 3532: 3528: 3524: 3523:Ottoman Turks 3520: 3516: 3512: 3511: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3480: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3458: 3455: 3453: 3447: 3432: 3431: 3426: 3418: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3400: 3397: 3393: 3392: 3388: 3384: 3380: 3376: 3369: 3363: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3343: 3340: 3337: 3336: 3332: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3298: 3295:Георги Тертер 3292: 3291: 3287: 3284: 3280: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3263: 3256: 3250: 3249: 3245: 3242: 3238: 3237: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3223: 3219: 3204: 3200: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3184: 3177: 3171: 3170: 3166: 3163: 3159: 3158: 3154: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3144: 3140: 3125: 3121: 3114: 3108: 3107: 3103: 3101: 3100: 3096: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3062: 3060: 3059: 3055: 3052: 3049: 3046: 3045: 3041: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3003: 3000:Георги Тертер 2997: 2996: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2984: 2980: 2977: 2974: 2971: 2970: 2966: 2951: 2950:George Terter 2947: 2943: 2939: 2932: 2926: 2925: 2924:Ivan Asen III 2921: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2910: 2909:Ivan Asen III 2906: 2902: 2898: 2891: 2884: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2875: 2871: 2870:Ivan Asen III 2867: 2863: 2855: 2848: 2842: 2841: 2837: 2835: 2834: 2819: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2798: 2794: 2793: 2790:Pretender in 2783: 2780: 2777: 2773: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2756: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2737: 2731: 2729: 2728:Constantine I 2725: 2722: 2718: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2690: 2686: 2685: 2682:Pretender in 2675: 2672: 2669: 2665: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2640: 2639:Maria Asenina 2636: 2629: 2623: 2622: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2610: 2606: 2603: 2600: 2597: 2596: 2593: 2580: 2576: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2558: 2556: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2539: 2533: 2532: 2528: 2525: 2521: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2503: 2502: 2498: 2496: 2495: 2491: 2487: 2483: 2479: 2474: 2467: 2461: 2460: 2456: 2453: 2449: 2448: 2444: 2439: 2432: 2426: 2425: 2421: 2418: 2414: 2413: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2389: 2386:Калоян (Иван) 2382: 2381: 2377: 2374: 2370: 2369: 2365: 2361: 2351: 2345: 2344: 2340: 2337: 2333: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2297: 2291: 2290: 2286: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2264: 2260: 2249: 2234: 2230: 2226: 2225:Georgi Voyteh 2222: 2218: 2214: 2207: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2175: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2159: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2143: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2099: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2083: 2082: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2047: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2029: 2027: 2023: 2022: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1996: 1981: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1935: 1929: 1928: 1924: 1921: 1917: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1901: 1895: 1894: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1849: 1843: 1842: 1838: 1835: 1831: 1830: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1812: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1784: 1778: 1777: 1773: 1770: 1766: 1765: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1743: 1736: 1730: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1705: 1700: 1696: 1689: 1683: 1682: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1642: 1635: 1629: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1607: 1600: 1594: 1593: 1589: 1586: 1582: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1564: 1559: 1555: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1537: 1534: 1530: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1506: 1500: 1499: 1495: 1493: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1477: 1471: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1451: 1448:(16-17 years) 1444: 1438: 1437: 1433: 1430: 1426: 1425: 1420: 1413: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1400: 1398: 1397: 1392: 1385: 1379: 1378: 1374: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1329: 1323: 1322: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1296: 1292: 1277: 1274: 1271: 1268: 1265: 1262: 1259: 1258: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1239: 1236: 1235: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1222: 1219: 1216: 1213: 1212: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1193: 1190: 1189: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1170: 1167: 1166: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1145: 1144: 1140: 1137: 1134: 1131: 1128: 1125: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1055: 1054: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1028: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1020: 1016: 1013: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1001: 998: 997: 993: 990: 987: 984: 981: 978: 975: 974: 970: 967: 964: 963:Detrez (2014) 961: 958: 955: 952: 949: 947: 943: 940: 937: 936:Moskov (1988) 934: 933: 928: 926: 922: 918: 914: 910: 906: 898: 887: 877: 875: 870: 866: 862: 858: 852: 848: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 825: 821: 814: 813:regnal number 810: 806: 801: 800:Regnal number 791: 789: 785: 781: 777: 773: 772: 767: 764: 759: 757: 753: 749: 745: 741: 731: 729: 728:Ivan Shishman 725: 720: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 698: 694: 690: 685: 683: 679: 675: 671: 667: 663: 659: 658:tsr’ Bl’garom 655: 645: 642: 637: 636: 632: 629: 624: 623: 619: 614: 613: 609: 606: 601: 600: 596: 593: 588: 587: 583: 580: 575: 574: 570: 567: 562: 561: 557: 554: 549: 548: 545: 541: 538: 533: 532: 528: 525: 520: 519: 515: 510: 509: 505: 502: 497: 496: 493: 489: 488: 484: 481: 480: 477: 476: 472: 469: 468: 465: 464: 460: 457: 456: 445: 442: 440: 439: 434: 430: 429: 424: 423: 418: 414: 410: 409: 404: 400: 396: 392: 388: 385: 381: 377: 373: 372: 367: 362: 360: 356: 352: 348: 347: 342: 334: 333: 328: 324: 310: 308: 304: 300: 295: 293: 289: 285: 284: 279: 275: 274: 269: 265: 264: 258: 256: 252: 248: 244: 240: 232: 228: 224: 215: 212: 208: 205: 201: 197: 193: 189: 184: 179: 175: 171: 167: 160: 156: 153: 150: 146: 141: 136: 131: 127: 122: 118: 115: 111: 108: 105: 101: 96: 92: 88: 82: 81: 77:Longest reign 73: 68: 64: 57: 52: 41: 34: 30: 27: 19: 11112:Universities 11087: 11080: 11073: 11066: 11059: 11052: 11045: 11038: 11019: 10975:Demographics 10960: 10735: 10631:Principality 10620:Rostislav II 10618: 10611: 10604: 10566:Ivan Asen IV 10551:Ivan Stephen 10493: 10481: 10457:Ivan Asen II 10415: 10408: 10401: 10396:Petar Delyan 10394: 10387: 10240:First Empire 10231: 10180: 10148: 10112: 10078: 10048: 10020: 10013: 9993: 9949: 9919: 9897: 9890: 9880: 9858: 9851: 9831: 9809: 9802: 9783: 9777: 9757: 9750: 9730: 9701: 9692: 9669: 9665: 9659: 9639: 9608: 9565:cite journal 9532: 9505: 9472: 9436: 9429: 9409: 9355: 9309: 9277: 9223: 9193: 9157: 9150: 9130: 9098: 9068: 9038: 9006: 8976: 8946: 8916: 8870: 8842:. 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The first 4080:Александър I 4073: 4006: 3966: 3870: 3830: 3821: 3795: 3771:Never ruled 3763: 3753: 3708: 3699: 3680:Vidin empire 3641: 3631: 3604:Never ruled 3596: 3588:Ivan Asen IV 3586: 3559:Never ruled 3551: 3541: 3515:Stefan Dušan 3508: 3481: 3449: 3428: 3403:Ivan Stephen 3401: 3379:Ivan Asen II 3359: 3288: 3274:Golden Horde 3246: 3195:Golden Horde 3167: 3104: 3095:Golden Horde 3063: 3025:Golden Horde 2993: 2922: 2905:Golden Horde 2880: 2838: 2811: 2806:(c. 7 years) 2789: 2755:Ivan Asen II 2727: 2681: 2643:Ivan Asen II 2619: 2591: 2577:Grandson of 2566:Калиман Асен 2559: 2529: 2506:Калиман Асен 2499: 2459:Ivan Asen II 2457: 2422: 2404:Latin Empire 2378: 2358:(c. 8 years) 2341: 2287: 2259:Asen dynasty 2092:Peter Delyan 2019: 2011: 1993: 1991: 1968: 1925: 1891: 1869:heart attack 1858: 1839: 1793: 1774: 1757: 1726: 1679: 1648: 1644: 1625: 1591: 1561: 1538: 1497: 1468: 1435: 1406: 1402: 1386:possibly 814 1375: 1362:drinking cup 1354:Nikephoros I 1350:Transylvania 1319: 1223:Toktu (765) 969:Curta (2019) 968: 962: 957:Morby (2014) 956: 950: 945: 941: 935: 894: 868: 864: 853: 849: 844: 828: 817: 787: 783: 775: 769: 762: 760: 751: 747: 737: 721: 716: 712: 708: 704: 696: 692: 689:Ivan Asen II 686: 681: 673: 661: 657: 651: 643: 630: 607: 594: 581: 568: 555: 539: 526: 503: 485: 473: 461: 443: 436: 432: 426: 420: 406: 383: 369: 363: 344: 338: 330: 306: 298: 296: 281: 271: 261: 259: 243:Principality 222: 220: 210:Pretender(s) 188:Royal Palace 129: 120: 76: 26: 11150:Journalists 10650:Ferdinand I 10645:Alexander I 10581:Ivan Asen V 10483:Rostislav I 10442:Ivan Asen I 8153:11089/18406 8138:: 267–310. 7392:Shishman II 7377:hypothesis. 7362:Constantine 7303:Kordokoubas 7248:Kaloïōannēs 7244:Calojoannes 6935:Ferdinand I 6924:Alexander I 6748:Ivan Asen V 5828:Constantine 5239:Ivan Asen I 4330:2001–2005. 4216:World War I 4173:Фердинанд I 4168:Ferdinand I 4095:San Stefano 4075:Alexander I 3969:during the 3954:Иван Шишман 3755:Ivan Asen V 3705:Иван Шишман 3548:Михаил Асен 3510:coup d'état 3430:coup d'état 3408:Иван Стефан 3387:interregnum 3366:Михаил Асен 3189:and son of 2845:Михаил Асен 2702:. Occupied 2637:Husband of 2579:Ivan Asen I 2343:Ivan Asen I 2235:1081–1101. 2153:Dyrrhachium 2096:Петър Делян 1746:Kievan Rus' 1558:Michael III 1445:814/815–831 1186:Umor (766) 1183:Umor (767) 1180:Umor (766) 1177:Umor (763) 1174:Umor (767) 942:Fine (1991) 820:Alexander I 809:Alexander I 782:. Although 766:Ferdinand I 633:of Bulgaria 190:(1882–1946) 185:(1185–1393) 107:His Majesty 11249:Categories 11160:Patriarchs 11140:Bulgarians 11130:Architects 11102:Synagogues 11097:Newspapers 10916:Presidents 10833:Amphibians 10477:Mitso Asen 10389:Presian II 10380:Byzantines 9793:954528613X 9574:|url= 8839:Britannica 8811:Britannica 7494:References 6077:Kira Maria 5862:Mitso Asen 5021:Presian II 4312:referendum 4260:Yugoslavia 4186:Chosen as 3930:(38 years) 3865:See also: 3831:Ruling in 3827:Константин 3721:(24 years) 3709:Ruling in 3674:inherited 3642:Ruling in 3495:(40 years) 3260:(22 years) 3191:Nogai Khan 3091:Nogai Khan 3021:Nogai Khan 3007:(12 years) 2942:Mitso Asen 2913:Nogai Khan 2741:(20 years) 2621:Mitso Asen 2543:(10 years) 2471:(23 years) 2443:Bogomilist 2436:(11 years) 2301:(12 years) 2056:Presian II 1961:Presian II 1875:after the 1860:cometopuli 1853:(17 years) 1795:cometopuli 1788:(20 years) 1759:cometopuli 1693:(42 years) 1639:(34 years) 1552:(36 years) 1510:(16 years) 1263:(777–803) 1240:(767–777) 1217:(766–767) 1194:(765–766) 1149:(763–765) 1126:(760–763) 1109:Vineh and 1103:(754–760) 1082:(737–754) 1059:(721–737) 1002:(695–714) 979:(668–695) 874:Mitso Asen 798:See also: 590:1340s–1395 577:1241–1340s 463:Kanasubigi 346:kanasubigi 263:kanasubigi 200:hereditary 198:Variously 11196:Hospitals 11040:1915-1949 11029:Spa towns 11021:Etymology 11015:Provinces 10946:Companies 10795:Mountains 10762:Geography 10660:Simeon II 10655:Boris III 10324:Presian I 10264:Kormisosh 9557:0350-0802 9524:0350-0802 7707:244948282 7699:0041-4255 7462:Macedonia 7185:Peter III 7135:Michael I 7021:1943–1946 7017:Simeon II 6980:1918–1943 6976:Boris III 6939:1886–1918 6928:1879–1886 6883:1397–1422 6741:1371–1395 6719:1356–1397 6535:1322–1323 6512:1331–1371 6501:1330–1331 6356:1299–1300 6338:1300–1322 6306:1323–1330 6295:1298–1299 6268:1277–1279 6090:1280–1292 6070:1279–1280 6055:1292–1298 6042:Smiltsena 6035:1278–1279 6015:1257–1277 5866:1256–1263 5813:1246–1256 5802:1241–1246 5518:1207–1218 5505:Alexander 5464:1218–1241 5269:1196–1207 5256:1185–1197 5243:1188–1196 4927:1015–1018 4916:1014–1015 4581:Presian I 4297:Симеон II 4292:Simeon II 4237:Борѝс III 4232:Boris III 3940:Sigismund 3927:1422–1460 3843:1397–1422 3760:Иван Асен 3718:1371–1395 3593:Иван Асен 3492:1331–1371 3452:Sratsimir 3412:1330–1331 3373:(7 years) 3370:1323–1330 3299:1322–1323 3257:1300–1322 3178:1299–1300 3115:1298–1299 3077:(6 years) 3074:1292–1298 3004:1280–1292 2933:1279–1280 2929:Иван Асен 2892:1278–1279 2852:(2 years) 2849:1277–1279 2738:1257–1277 2694:(5 years) 2691:1257–1262 2651:Mesembria 2633:(7 years) 2630:1256–1263 2626:Мицо Асен 2540:1246–1256 2536:Мицо Асен 2513:(5 years) 2510:1241–1246 2492:in 1235. 2490:patriarch 2468:1218–1241 2464:Иван Асен 2433:1207–1218 2408:Baldwin I 2393:(9 years) 2390:1196–1207 2355:1188–1196 2348:Иван Асен 2315:Ivan Asen 2298:1185–1197 2221:Mihailo I 2100:1040–1041 1995:strategos 1939:(3 years) 1936:1015–1018 1902:1014–1015 1740:(8 years) 1665:patriarch 1604:(4 years) 1498:Presian I 1481:(5 years) 1389:(briefly) 1080:Kormisosh 837:Boris III 715:, Latin: 709:moderator 707:, Latin: 705:samodrzac 695:, Latin: 639:1908–1946 626:1879–1908 616:1422–1879 603:1395–1422 564:1230–1241 551:1207–1230 535:1204–1207 522:1185–1204 512:1018–1185 438:imperator 435:or Latin 214:Simeon II 195:Appointer 183:Tsarevets 177:Residence 169:Abolition 158:Formation 152:Simeon II 10936:Airports 10931:Airlines 10863:Politics 10848:Reptiles 10825:Wildlife 10736:Monarchs 10726:Consorts 10709:Bulgaria 10597:Ottomans 10437:Peter II 10349:Boris II 10339:Simeon I 10334:Vladimir 9700:(2005). 9651:69163573 7677:Belleten 7299:Lakhanas 7198:Peter IV 7172:Peter II 7159:De facto 7147:De facto 7034:See also 6752:co-ruler 6730:co-ruler 6708:co-ruler 5252:Peter II 4832:997–1014 4804:Boris II 4674:Simeon I 4663:Vladimir 4540:Zvinitsa 3881:Cossacks 3877:Silistra 3415:(1 year) 3302:(1 year) 3181:(1 year) 3139:Borjigin 3118:(1 year) 2936:(1 year) 2895:(1 year) 2659:Anatolia 2488:under a 2383:(Ivan I) 2311:Revolted 2289:Peter II 2229:uprising 2113:Belgrade 2103:(1 year) 2021:katepano 2004:Basil II 1949:Basil II 1873:Basil II 1865:Nicholas 1850:997–1014 1728:Boris II 1627:Simeon I 1592:Vladimir 1568:Vladimir 1516:Zvinitsa 1417:(1 year) 1333:803?–814 847:(king). 833:Boris II 701:autocrat 499:927–1018 458:680?–864 433:basileus 408:basileus 387:Simeon I 327:Simeon I 288:Simeon I 227:Bulgaria 204:elective 135:Simeon I 11234:Outline 11165:Writers 11135:Artists 11000:Castles 10980:culture 10868:economy 10843:Mammals 10785:Islands 10718:History 10636:Kingdom 10606:Fruzhin 10526:Ivan II 10521:Smilets 10447:Kaloyan 10410:Alusian 10403:Tihomir 10344:Peter I 10329:Boris I 10319:Malamir 10314:Omurtag 10299:Telerig 10249:Asparuh 9576:value ( 8844:7 April 8816:7 April 7320:Kaloyan 7265:Boris I 7240:Kaloyan 7219:Kaloyan 6897:Fruzhin 6291:Ivan II 6051:Smilets 5265:Kaloyan 5028:Alusian 4819:977–997 4808:969–977 4719:927–969 4715:Peter I 4678:893–927 4667:889–893 4618:852–889 4614:Boris I 4585:836–852 4552:831–836 4548:Malamir 4488:815–831 4484:Omurtag 4447:814–815 4443:Ditzeng 4425:803–814 4254:during 3975:Tarnovo 3919:Fruzhin 3873:Rumelia 3800:in the 3739:Nikopol 3731:Tarnovo 3711:Tarnovo 3676:Tarnovo 3517:of the 3499:Son of 3316:Plovdiv 3272:of the 3193:of the 3106:Ivan II 3093:of the 3065:Smilets 3023:of the 2940:Son of 2747:Tarnovo 2700:Tarnovo 2647:Tarnovo 2480:at the 2380:Kaloyan 2327:Preslav 2323:Tarnovo 2183:Son of 2172:Алусиан 2168:Alusian 2140:Тихомир 2136:Tihomir 2117:Alusian 2060:Пресиян 2026:Skopion 1973:in the 1943:Son of 1785:977–997 1750:Preslav 1737:969–977 1710:in the 1699:Magyars 1690:927–969 1681:Peter I 1636:893–927 1601:889–893 1574:in the 1549:852–889 1540:Boris I 1514:Son of 1507:836–852 1503:Пресиян 1478:831–836 1474:Маламир 1469:Malamir 1441:Омуртаг 1436:Omurtag 1403:Ditzeng 1356:at the 1238:Telerig 977:Asparuh 905:Asparuh 666:Kaloyan 482:913–927 470:864–913 413:emperor 366:Boris I 359:Malamir 355:Omurtag 268:Boris I 247:Kingdom 126:Boris I 117:Asparuh 98:Details 84:927–969 80:Peter I 11229:Portal 11122:People 10810:Rivers 10506:Ivaylo 10359:Samuel 10304:Kardam 10274:Telets 10254:Tervel 10188: 10156: 10120: 10086: 10056: 10001: 9957: 9927: 9839: 9790: 9765: 9738: 9708: 9680: 9616: 9572:Check 9555: 9522: 9480: 9444: 9417: 9363: 9317: 9285: 9231: 9201: 9165: 9138: 9106: 9076: 9046: 9014: 8984: 8954: 8924: 8878: 8763: 8723: 8689: 8662: 8635: 8608: 8576: 8549: 8519: 8489: 8445: 8418: 8391: 8364: 8337: 8284: 8240: 8188: 7996: 7969: 7935: 7905: 7859: 7823: 7763: 7733: 7705: 7697: 7635: 7603: 7571: 7541: 7458:Thrace 7438:, and 6031:Ivaylo 4828:Samuel 4264:Greece 4151:Reign 4145:Image 4099:Berlin 4058:Reign 4052:Image 3923:Фружин 3903:Reign 3897:Image 3466:Reign 3460:Image 3344:Reign 3338:Image 3231:Reign 3225:Image 3152:Reign 3146:Image 3070:Смилец 3053:Reign 3047:Image 2978:Reign 2972:Image 2888:Ивайло 2882:Ivaylo 2866:Ivaylo 2831:1275. 2813:despot 2767:Ivaylo 2604:Reign 2598:Image 2364:revolt 2272:Reign 2266:Image 2217:Samuel 2077:Tomorr 2040:Reign 2034:Image 1846:Самуил 1841:Samuel 1824:Reign 1818:Image 1704:stroke 1657:Danube 1632:Симеон 1611:Simeon 1524:Vardar 1410:Диценг 1304:Reign 1298:Image 1261:Kardam 1171:(765) 1124:Telets 1000:Tervel 917:Attila 915:ruler 913:Hunnic 869:Terter 670:Vlachs 544:Vlachs 492:Romans 428:caesar 411:(i.e. 376:prince 313:Titles 239:Second 225:ruled 11089:2010s 11082:2000s 11075:1990s 11068:1980s 11061:1970s 11054:1960s 11047:1950s 11034:Films 10993:Sofia 10962:Sofia 10941:Banks 10838:Birds 10790:Lakes 10770:Caves 10531:Chaka 10452:Boril 10354:Roman 10294:Pagan 10289:Toktu 10279:Sabin 10269:Vineh 10259:Sevar 9668:[ 7792:(PDF) 7703:S2CID 7405:) as 7071:Notes 6352:Chaka 6344:Elena 6096:Maria 6022:Maria 6002:Irene 5853:Maria 5820:Irene 5789:Elena 5514:Boril 4815:Roman 4432:Dukum 4188:knyaz 4148:Name 4115:knyaz 4055:Name 4007:knyaz 3900:Name 3833:Vidin 3668:Vidin 3651:1356– 3644:Vidin 3617:Sofia 3572:Sofia 3463:Name 3427:in a 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