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408:. For the Burmese, the treaty was a total humiliation and a long lasting financial burden. A whole generation of men had been wiped out in battle. The world the Burmese knew, of conquest and martial pride, built on the back of impressive military success of the previous 75 years, had come crashing down. The Court of Ava could not come to terms with the loss of the territories, and made unsuccessful attempts to get them back. An invited British Resident in Ava was a daily reminder of humiliation of defeat.
260:, the British consolidated their gains in Lower Burma, Rakhine and Taninthayi coasts as well as in Assam and Manipur. The British demanded that the Burmese recognize independence and "desist from interference with Assam, Manipur and Cachar", "cede Rakhine and its dependencies", receive a British Resident at the Court of Ava, and pay an indemnity of two million pounds sterling. Yangon, and Taninthayi would be held until the indemnity was paid.
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15,000 had been killed. The cost to
British India's finances had been almost ruinous, amounting to approximately 13 million pounds sterling. The cost of war contributed to a severe economic crisis in India, which by 1833 had bankrupted the Bengal agency houses and cost the British East India Company its remaining privileges, including the monopoly of trade to
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More importantly, the burden of indemnity would leave the royal treasury bankrupt for years. The indemnity of one million pounds sterling would have been considered a colossal sum even in Europe of that time, and it became frightening when translated to
Burmese kyat equivalent of 10 million. The cost
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For the
Burmese, it was to be the beginning of the end of their independence. The Third Burmese Empire, briefly the terror of British India, was effectively undone, crippled and no longer a threat to the eastern frontier of British India. The Burmese would be crushed for years to come by repaying the
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history. Fifteen thousand
European and Indian soldiers died, together with an unknown (but almost certainly higher) number of Burmese. The campaign cost the British five million pounds sterling (roughly 18.5 billion in 2006 dollars) to 13 million pounds sterling; this expenditure led to a severe
392:
The treaty imposed a severe financial burden to the
Burmese kingdom, and effectively left it crippled. The British terms in the negotiations were strongly influenced by the heavy cost in lives and money which the war had entailed. Some 40,000 British and Indians troops had been involved of whom
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The Court of Ava had not expected, and were unwilling to accept, the full dismemberment of their western empire and the crushing penalty demanded. But with the army severely depleted, the
Burmese envoy, the lord of Kawlin, replied that his government:
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The first installment of indemnity was to be paid immediately, the second installment within the first 100 days from signing of the treaty, and the rest within two years. Until the second installment was paid, the
British would not leave Yangon.
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The treaty achieved its objective: Leave Burma crippled. Indeed, the
British would make two more, much easier, wars against the now much weaker Burmese in 1852 and 1885, eventually annexing the entire country by 1885.
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huge indemnity of one million pounds (then US$ 5 million), a large sum even in Europe at that time. The
British would wage two more wars against the much weaker Burmese, and swallow up the entire country by 1885.
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from the
Burmese side on 24 February 1826. The Burmese paid 250,000 pounds sterling in gold and silver bullion as the first installment of the indemnity, and also released British prisoners of war.
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on the British side, and the Governor of Legaing Maha Min Hla Kyaw Htin from the Burmese side, without any due permission and consent of the
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sent a delegation, consisting of one American, one English and two Burmese ministers, to meet the commander of British forces, General Sir
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The British were unimpressed: "The question is not how much you will cede to us but how much we shall return to you".
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The British were already in a commanding position when initial peace negotiations were commenced in September 1825 in
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By the beginning of 1826, the British were making steady advances towards Ava. They captured the ancient city of
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on 8 February, and on 16 February, the village of Yandabo, less than 50 miles or four days march away from Ava.
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The negotiations broke down, and the Burmese decided to fight on. In November 1825, the Burmese forces under
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The Treaty of Yandabo was signed by Gen. Campbell from the British side and Governor of Legaing
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of living of the average villager in Upper Burma in 1826 was one kyat per month.
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Treaty of Peace between the East India Company and His Majesty the King of Ava
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or the other territories covered in the treaty. With the British army at
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Gentlemen Capitalists: British Imperialism in South East Asia, 1770–1890
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Left with little choice, the Burmese sued for peace. The Burmese king
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February 1826, nearly two years after the war formally broke out on 5
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Allow an exchange of diplomatic representatives between Ava and
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Objected to the British choice for the future Manipuri raja
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The treaty ended the longest and most expensive war in
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village, only 80 km (50 mi) from the capital
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in April 1825 that killed Burmese commander-in-chief
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595:The River of Lost Footsteps – Histories of Burma
550:The River of Lost Footsteps – Histories of Burma
490:The River of Lost Footsteps – Histories of Burma
320:The British demanded and the Burmese agreed to:
274:Would cede the Taninthayi coast but not Rakhine.
175:According to the treaty, the Burmese agreed to:
597:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 122–124.
577:(2 ed.). London: Sunil Gupta. p. 253.
552:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. pp. 125–127.
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136:) was the
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