550:
5279:"The reforms of 1609 gave a final touch to the organisation of the militia system. For the rota, the amorphous household remained no more the basic unit of paik supply, but was now replaced by an artificial unit, the got. It consisted of three to four militiamen, living close to one another. Twenty such gots were placed under a headman-the Bora. ... We may only add here that the militia became highly centralised. Even the lowest units (gots) could now be often transferred from their original khel to another. Slate paiks who could be permanently alienated to favoured persons, were now alienated in large numbers even to temples and monasteries by way of royal grants." (
2218:
4941:"his setting up of a Habung Brahmins' colony near his capital and his giving posts of importance to his Brahmin benefactor's sons on the frontier - all these were significant. He was also instrumental in introducing several Hindu rites at royal ceremonies like the coronation. With this Brahmin intrusion, the political authority remained no longer exactly identical with the armed Ahom populace in its totality or the tribal council representing it. There was a cleavage. This brought the highly developed social organisation to the threshold of statehood. We still hesitate to call it a state
43:
3564:
1778:). In the 1280s, these two offices were given independent regions of control; partly hereditary and partly elected, the king and the two counsellors held each other in check and balance. These institutions of checks and balances thus seeded held fast for six hundred yearsâin the 18th century John Peter Wade, a British officer, observed these unique institutions and novel system of government. Sukaphaa had instructed that events during his rule be chronicled, a practice sustained by his successors; and there emerged the institution of
3874:
5266:"Again during the period from 1603 to 1648, the militia system was thoroughly reformed with a view to confronting the Mughal invasion. The state became more centralised in that process. Two new offices-- those of the Barphukan and the Barbarua were created, thus raising the number of Patra-Mantris to five. (The Barphukan was in charge the territories wrested from the Koches and the Mughals, posted as the viceroy in that region. The Barbarua functioned at the capital as the chief secretary to the royal government)." (
1972:
4824:"Meanwhile Taokhamthi was dethroned and assassinated in 1389. As he died without leaving an heir to succeed him, the ministers took charge of the kingdom and started searching out a prince to be the king, because according to the Ahom right of kingship, only the direct descendants Sukapha on the male line were eligible to sit on the throne. On receiving the information that there was a son of the deceased king born mysteriously in the house of a Brahman, the ministers sought him out and made him the king." (
1829:("a country of golden gardens"). Though Sukaphaa had avoided the Namdang region mindful of the numerically small Ahom contingent, but his son Suteuphaa made the Kacharis withdraw on their own via a stratagem and the Ahoms expanded into it; but no further expansions of the Ahom domain occurred for the next two hundred years. The Ahom kingdom, for most of its history, had been closed and population movement closely monitoredânevertheless, there were two significant contacts. One was a friendly encounter with
2445:
4450:"The political heritage of ancient Kamarupa had not left Upper Assam totally untouched. After its eclipse, though the south-eastern part of Upper Assam had lapsed into retarded conditions, the fragmented political structures incorporating that tradition still loomed large in the form of petty chiefdoms (bhuyan-raj) in the vicinity. It was under such circumstances that the Ahoms started building a state system of their own in the easternmost extremity of the Brahmaputra Valley." (
564:
4476:"Pre-Ahom Upper Assam was an undulating alluvial plain, fu]l of jungles and marshes under the given conditions of a heavy rainfall. Land reclamation was therefore the first task. ... They uprooted the forests and reduced the undulating surface to a dead level so that the plain water, or water led from the bunded hill streams, could remain standing on it, when required. Over the centuries, they built and maintained a network of embankments for overall water control." (
4316::140â141) By emphasizing the fluidity of this identity, the swargadeos controlled and directed the continuous movement within and beyond this group which, in turn, never allowed for developing any sense of loyalty to or cohesiveness of the group. Ahom was not an identity to die for in precolonial Assam; in fact, nobody could ever claim ownership of this label because it was left to the discretion of the swargodeo to award or demote a person to and from this status
1806:. Sukaphaa befriended those among the Morans and Barahi who were amenable to join him and put to the sword those who opposed him, and in due course, many others were incorporated into Ahom clans. The Ahoms were acutely aware of their smaller numbers, and adroitly avoided confrontations with larger groups. The additions via Ahomisation enhanced the Ahom numbers significantly. This process of Ahomization was particularly significant till the 16th century when under
875:
7918:
2821:
57:
2274:
6528:
3853:
4328:"Tributes seem to have flowed to their original state in Upper Burma from Mungdungshunkham and probably the covert colonialism ended in 1401 when the boundary between Mungdungshunkham and the Nara kingdom was finally fixed at the Patkai hills. There is reason to believe that the name Mungdunshunkham is closely associated with this covert colonialism of the time and it automatically disappeared when Mungdunshunkham became
7819:
4668:"The Ahoms thus believed that they were divinely ordained, firstly, to extend their permanent wet rice culture to areas dominated by large-scale fallowing and shifting cultivation and, secondly, to absorb stateless shifting cultivators into a common polity with themselves. These two aspects of the Ahom thrust in Upper Assam determined, bye and large, the course of the medieval state-formation process there." (
5695:"Jay Singh the Manipuri King who expressed his gratitude to the Ahom king after he regained his kingdom and said to the messenger sent by the Ahom king to inspect - I have regained my dominion through your king's favor. I cannot forget him as long as I live, I shall remain faithful to him and send annual tributes without failure. I wish to offer my daughter to your king and intend to send her with you..."(
4580:"For years the community went on moving from place to place as a self-governed body of armed peasants in search of a suitable site. In course of their journey they left behind some small colonies at strategic places like Khamjang and Tipam. But after their temporary experimental stays at several sites, the main body finally settled by 1253 in the fertile Dikhou valley, now forming the Sibsagar district." (
615:
2237:, also festering internal conflicts that tore the kingdom asunder. According to Guha (1986) Ahom Assam continued to flourish till 1770. The Tungkhungia regime witnessed a relative time of peace till first half of the 18th century, where the population increased, trade expanded, Coinage and monetization made headway. New arts and crafts, new crops and even new style of dress were introduced.
2501:, gives the price of number of commodities like rice, ghee, oil, pulses, goat, pigeon in connection with worship in different temples of the kingdom. This concludes that the barter economy was in the process of being replaced by the money economy, which was the outcome of Assam's developing economic ties both with feudal India and the neighbouring countries of the north east.
2295:), he dropped his father's plan to invade Benagal. He took the initiation of Parvatiya Gosain and established him 'Nilachal mountain' with extensive land grants and paiks. Siva Singha was very much under the influence of Brahmanas and astrologers, 1722 it was predicted by the astrologers that his reign would soon come to a end owing to the evil influence of
1871:
his rule. One of the rebels invited a military expedition from Mong Kwang (called Nara in the
Buranjis, the successor state of Mong Mao to which the early Ahom kings used to send tribute) resulting in a clash in 1401âbut Sudangphaa defeated the expedition and concluded the conflict with a treaty that fixed the boundary between the two polities at
4837:"During 1397â1407, for instance, even a group of Brahmins were invited to come over to settle down and help in royal affairs. Nevertheless, for another hundred years or so the Brahmanical influence at the royal court remained negligible, with little change beyond the superficial level in the traditional clan-based socio-political institution." (
5318:"Incidentally, literate Ahoms retained the Tai language and script well until the end of the 17th century. In that century of Ahom-Mughal conflicts, this language first coexisted with and then was progressively replaced by Assamese (Asamiya) at and outside the Court. After a phase of bilingualism, it finally died a natural death in Assam." (
5305:"The Ahom kings also began to assume Hindu names in addition to their Tai patronymics It was from the days of Pratap Simha again, that they started patronising Hindu temples with land grants. Their formal conversion to Hinduism did not however take place before 1648 and the new attachment became stable only towards the end of the century." (
5215:"Suhumrnung intle-duced the Saka era in place of the old system of calculating dates by the sixty-year Jovian cycles. According to some chroniclers, he also started striking coins to mark the coronation. The hereditary nobles (Chao) were now allying themselves with the Brahmin literati with a view to forming an expanded ruling class." (
4463:"Sukapha came not as a raiding conqueror but as the head of an agricultural folk in search of land. It appears he did not encroach upon the lands of the local peasants, rather he opened up new areas of settlement, procuring with shrewd diplomacy what he direly needed for the purpose---the service of the local inhabitants." (
5237:"The Ahom expeditionary force, led by General Ton Kham and aided by General Kan Seng and General Kham Peng, pursued the retreating enemies across Muslim domains of Kamarupa and Kamata receiving little resistance in them and reached Karatoya, the eastern boundary of Gaur proper, where the victors washed their swords."(
3068:. They were the arbitrator who settled local disputes and supervised public works. The Katakis were envoys who dealt with foreign countries and hill tribes. The Kakatis were writers of official documents. The Dolais expounded astrology and determined auspicious time and dates for any important event and undertaking.
5250::The Ahom statesmen and chroniclers wishfully looked forward to the Karatoya as their natural western frontier. They also looked upon themselves as the heirs of the glory that was ancient Kamarupa by right of conquest, and they long cherished infructuous their unfulfilled hopes of expanding up to that frontier." (
4945:. For it took a long time for the polity to totally subordinate the primordial clan loyalties to the overall public authority and thus qualify itself for full-fledged statehood. Yet, by the end of the 14th century it was no longer a pristine polity, but something more than that - a state-like organisation." (
5155:"Suhumgmung Dihingiya Raja made also a big departure from tradition by raising the number of his chief counsellors from two to three and giving the third and new counsellor the same Gohain status. This he did even in the face of stiff opposition from the other two. It appears that the novel designation of
2270:, considering it to be more suitable for a monarch, he invited a famous Sakta Brahmana from BengalâKrishnaram Bhattacharya alias Pravatiya Gosain. From his death bed he expressed his will that, all his five sons to be kings in a executive manner and advised them to take initiation of Parvatiya Gosain
1947:
region at Habung in 1512 (probably with the help of the descendants of the
Habungia Brahmans settled during Sudangpha's time). The Indo-Aryan Bhuyans were relocated to the capital and absorbed into the lower echelons of the growing state as scribes and warriors. They in turn helped in the elimination
4772:
refer that
Sukapha on his way to Charaideo came across a large concentration of Kachari population on the Namdang, a tributary of the Dikhow, which he tactfully avoided. 'Let us face the Borahis and the Morans first, and the Kacharis afterwards. Any combination of the former two with the latter will
2425:
were able to capture and maintain power at the capital
Rangpur for some years but were finally removed with the help of the British under Captain Welsh. The following repression led to a large depopulation due to emigration as well as execution, but the conflicts were never resolved. A much-weakened
2083:
solely for diplomatic missions, the Ahom kings adopting a Hindu name in addition to their Ahom names, and patronising Hindu establishments began with Pratap Singha, though formal initiation of the Ahom kings into
Hinduism did not occur till 1648. The Assamese language entered the Ahoms court for the
1687:
kingdom but which had since lapsed into deteriorating conditions, and his intention was not to conquer and raid but to permanently settle in fallow land and practice agricultureâand the Ahoms were primarily responsible for converting the undulating alluvial forest and marshy plains in upper Assam to
4685:
people (meaning 'slave" or 'culttlrally inferior foreigner'). These non-Ahoms were, however, always free to adopt the latter's Tai culture, the very essence of which, in the words of the German anthropologist Von
Eickstedt, was "association with wet rice cultivation". Besides, there is evidence in
4566:
considered it a serious insult, not to be forgotten or forgiven, and in consultation with his disciples, he decided to take vengeance at an opportune moment. The subsequent history of Assam is essentially a history of the
Moamariya rebellion, which was the most important factor causing the downfall
3764:
marital relationships. The number of lineages increased in later times as either other lineages were incorporated, or existing lineages divided. The king could belong to only the first family whereas the
Burhagohain and the Borgohain only to the second and the third families. Most of the Borphukans
3714:
The punishments for crimes were generally harsh, with offenders punished by impaling, grinding between two cylinders, starving to death, slicing of the body into pieces, hoeing from head to foot, etc. Common punishments included the extraction of eyes and kneecaps, the slicing off of noses, beating
3702:
In civil matters, Hindu laws were generally followed, while the criminal law was characterized by sternness and comparative harshness, where the general principle was that of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, and the culprit was punished with precisely the same injury as that inflicted by
1870:
to end the period of crisis. He established
Brahmin officers, advisors and communities near the capital and the Brahmin influence, though negligible, was felt for the first time. A number of rebellions erupted purportedly against this influence but Sudangphaa was able to suppress them and solidify
3493:
became acquainted with the land measurement system of
Mughals during the time he was hiding in Kamrup before he succeeded to the throne. As soon as the wars with Mughals were over he issued orders for the introduction of a similar system throughout his dominions. Surveyors were imported from Koch
3693:
Forts were built in strategic locations to provide armed resistance. The Ahom soldiers were skilled at attacking the enemy at night. On the battlefield, a small group of Ahom soldiers could often outnumber thousands of enemy soldiers. Aside from their numerical strength, the Ahom paiks' physical
3060:
s. The Baruas of whom there were twenty or more included Bhandari Barua or treasurer; the Duliya Barua, who was in charge of the royal palanquins; the Chaudang Barua who superintended executions; Khanikar Barua was the chief artificer; Sonadar Barua was the mint master and chief jeweler; the Bez
5357:"It is said that on the advice of his priests he performed laksha homas end offered joksha, valis at Kamakhya to ward off the evils of chatra-bhanga-yoga. He also fed numerous Brahmins and gave them precious presents, All these cost so much that the royal treasury was nearly exhaustedâBVR, II."(
2531:
to facilitate trade with Chinese knowing person coming from the direction of Tibet. Rudra Singha is also said to have established an extensive trade with Tibet and to have encouraged intercourse with other nations although he strictly limited the extent to which foreigners were allowed into the
1952:
in 1523; and that kingdom's nobility, commanders, professional classes, warriors and technologies were absorbed into the Ahom kingdom. It was this formation of the Ahom kingdom that met the aggression from Bengal under Turbak in 1532 and it was able to eliminate the aggressive leadership (with
5048:"Further, as a result of the annexation of the Chutia kingdom, many families of Brahmanas, Kayasthas, Kalitas, Daivajnas etc. and a large number of artisans viz. bell-metal workers, goldsmiths, blacksmiths, oil-pressers, gardeners, washermen, and weavers were transferred to the Ahom capital" (
3677:
The navy was the most important and powerful division of the Ahom forces. The main warships were known as bacharis. This shape was similar to Bengali kosahs, and each could carry 70 to 80 men. They were tough and powerful, and by the end of the period, many of them were armed with guns. The
1979:
These expansions created significant changes in the kingdomâthe Assamese-speaking Hinduized subjects outnumbered the Ahoms themselves; and the absorption of the Chutia kingdom meant a wide range of artisan skills became available to it increasing the scope for division of labour. To provide
1793:
At the time of their advent, the Ahoms came with advanced technologies of rice cultivation, and it was their belief that they were divinely ordained to turn fallow land to agriculture and also to absorb stateless and shifting agriculturists to their own ways. The shifting people were called
4725:"After two years' stay at Song-Tak Sukapha turned back and came to Simaluguri (Tun Nyeu). Here he learned through spies of heavy concentration of population on the Namdang (Nam Deng, "red river") and considered it not worthwhile to make any attept (sic) to reduce them to submission." (
2303:
who was given the title of 'BarâRaja' on the advice of Pravatiya Gosain. Phuleswari melded too much with the religious affairs, she had caused the insult of the ShudraâMahantas. After the death of Phuleswari, two other wives of Siva Singha were set on the position of 'BarâRaja', namely
4712:"(In Upper Assam), the Ahoms assimilated some of their Naga, Moran and Barahi neighbours and later, also large sections of the Chutiya and Kachari tribes. This Ahomisation process went on until the expanded Ahom society itself began to be Hinduised from the mid-16th century onward." (
3669:
The people of medieval Assam were aware of the use of incendiary weapons. However, firearms were first introduced in the early 16th century. The Ahom troops quickly became experts in the manufacture of various types of guns, small and large, matchlocks, artillery, and large cannon.
4286:"The Chutiya power began to decline with the beginning of the 16th century. Taking advantage of an anarchical condition in the Chutia kingdom under the rule of inefficient Dhirnarayan (c1504â1523), the Ahom King Suhungmung or Dihingia Raja (1497-1539) annexed the kingdom in 1523"(
4299:"The Ahoms were never numerically dominant in the state they built and, at the time of 1872 and 1881 censuses, they formed hardly one-tenth of the populations relevant to the erstwhile Ahom territory (i.e, by and large, the Brahmaputra Valley without the Goalpara district.)" (
4811:"The regicide of 1389, the long interregnum that followed it and the revolts of the three subordinate Ahom chiefs of Mung Khamjang, Mung Aiton and Mung Tipam all these events that took place towards the end of the 14th century were signs of growing social contradictions." (
2574:
is who, systematised the population distribution and settlement of villages. The census of adult male population of the state was taken very strictly so that every working man would be registered for the state service. The census were properly recorded in registers called
4699:"The Marans and the Barahis who dwelt in the region between Dikhau and the Dichang rivers were the first groups of tribal people who Sukapha won over to this side by a policy of peace and conciliation. Those among them who challenged Sukapha were ruthlessly killed. (
5387:, where he made some aspersions regarding the origin of Barbaura. After having obtained King's permission Kirti Chandra collected all the Buranjis in the houses of nobles and officers for examination and burnt away all those which contained the incorrect statement" (
4625:"(Wade) had then seen the Ahom political system functioning in its worst days. He found "the civil constitution of the kingdom partly Monarchical partly Aristocratical exhibiting a system highly artificial, regular and novel, however defective in other respects"." (
5370:"Barpatra Gohain, Bar Gohain and Naobochia Phukan had made an attempt to enthrone Tipam Raja, son of Siva Singha, with the help of a band of attendants and servitors of the royal household, but somehow this situation was handled by the Burhagohain and Borbaura"(
2535:
Another point by which we can understand the trade relation of Ahoms with other nations is through the use of Silver coins. It is to be noted that there are no silver mines in the northeast or in the rest of India, so the metal entered as a result of trade.
1906:
in 1490 saw the Ahoms, not strong enough to take them on frontally, suing for peace. The Ahom royalty continuously improved their relationship with the Brahmans which enabled them to gain goodwill with the Indo-Aryanized tribal groups and consolidate power.
2958:. He could use only a section of the paiks at his command for his personal use (as opposed to the Dangariyas), the rest rendering service to the Ahom state. The Borphukan was in military and civil command over the region west of Kaliabor, and acted as the
1898:
Sudangphaa settled Habung brahmins close his capital, settled the sons of his adopted Brahmin family in frontier areas, dismantled the tribal allegiances that held the polity together earlier and brought the Ahom kingdom very close to a full-fledged state.
2492:
Trade was carried on usually through barter and use of circulation of money was limited. According to Shihabududdin Tailash, currency in the Ahom kingdom consisted of cowries, rupees and gold coins. With the increase of external trade since the reign of
3040:
with each having his separate duties. The Naubaicha Phukan, who had an allotment of thousand men managed the royal boats, the Bhitarual Phukan, the Na Phukan, the Dihingia Phukan, the Deka Phukan, and the Neog Phukan formed the council of Phukan. The
1825:, a practice that was continued by some of his successors till about the early 14th century when the power of Mong Mao faded to be replaced the power of Mong Kwang, at which point the Ahoms stopped the tributes. The Ahoms began to call their domain
2544:
In extent the kingdom's length was about 500 miles (800 km) and with an average breadth of 60 miles (96 km). The kingdom can be divided into three major regions: the north bank (Uttarkul), the south bank (Dakhinkul), and the island of
2308:
and Sarbeswari. Siva Singha reign was peaceful, except an expedition sent against the Daflas, he had caused the erection of many temples and made numerous grants to the religious sites and brahmanas. He died in 1744, and his younger brother
5176:"The king succeeded in tilting the constitutional balance in his favour, partly because of the long felt need for an expanded administration, but largely because his position had meanwhile been strengthened by a number of war victories." (
4353:(1795-1811) for help against the king of Burma who had invaded his territory. Referring to the close tie existing between the two kingdoms, the Mong Kwang ruler hoped for positive response from the Ahom king to repel the Burmese invaders"(
3986:
Numerous large and small tanks were excavated to necessitate the problem of water shortage and for religious purposes. Their grandeur was enhanced by the construction of temples in their bank. Notable tanks from the Ahom period includesâ
2513:
carries a single Chinese character on each side reading Zang Bao. This had been translated as 'treasury of your honour'. Nicholas Rodhes read the inscription as 'Currency of Tibet', Also these two characters were used by the Chinese in
2136:, preventing the other rebellious Koch king Pran Narayan from securing his footing. He speedily extended his authority over whole of western Assam. He brought under his domain the whole Brahmaputra Valley, from Sadiya in the east and
1679:. Sukaphaa probably started his journey from his homeland with a small number, but he was supported and joined by other Tai chiefs and common followers along the way and entered Assam with approximately 9,000 persons. His destiny was
4862:"In the reign of Sudangpha Bamuni Konwar (1397â1407), who was elected king at the age of 15, revolts were suppressed, and the boundary between the Ahom and the Nara (Mogaung) territories was, for the first time, firmly delimited." (
1722:
kingdomsâin Assam utilised for legitimacy to various degrees, the Ahoms were able to use their alternate Lengdon-based legitimacy to establish their rule and effectively negotiate with the indigenous people; nevertheless the later
1713:
political structures, and which provided the space for the development of a distinct political, social and cultural identity. Though Brahminical myth-making was a common feature that all ancient and medieval kingdomsâsuch as
2526:
in the mid-seventeen century, so it is not unlikely that the Assamese would have thought have thought that a Chinese character was an appropriate for Assamese-Tibetan trade coin. This piece evidently was an attempt by
5292:"From the reign of Susengpha Pratap Simha (1603-41), Ahom diplomats were almost totally replaced by Brahmins in the diplomatic missions sent abroad. This was done with a view to making diplomacy more efficient." (
3342:. Except for the Raja of Rani, all paid an annual tribute. These Rajas were required to meet the needs for resources and paiks when the need arose, as during the time of war. There were in total 15 vassal states.
2420:
which in the 17th century had helped the kingdom to repulse the repeated Mughal invasions, had become extremely outdated. The later phase of the rule was also marked by increasing social conflicts, leading to the
5331:"(Rudra Singha) accepted a Muslim named Shah Newaj as a priest in the court, who used to pray for the prosperity of the kingdom in Islamic form. This custom introduced by him was followed by his successors." (
2927:
that they controlled. These positions were generally filled from specific families. Princes who were eligible for the position of Swargadeo were not considered for these positions and vice versa. In the 1527,
1889:. Sudangphaa established a new capital at Charagua, broke the clan allegiances that held the Ahom polity together earlier replacing it with political authority of the king, and introduced the tradition of the
1692:
had with them the basic political structures for state-building, surplus producing technologies such as sedentary wet-rice cultivation and hydrology, a patriarchal social organisation based on chiefs, and a
2549:. The north bank (Uttarkul) was more populated and fertile but the Ahom kings set up their capital on the south bank (Dakinkul) because it had more inaccessible strongholds and defensible central places.
2923:'s territory was between Sadiya and Gerelua river in the north bank of the Brahmaputra river and the Borgohain's territory was to the west up to the Burai river. They were given total command over the
5103:"By 1539, the Ahom territory became at least twice as big as what it was in size around 1407. More importantly its Assamese-speaking Hindu subjects were now more numerous than the Ahoms themselves." (
4437:, p45. From the variation in the numbers it appears that the number of the followers who accompanied Sukapha from Mao-Lung, gradually increased on the way when additional groups joined the march." (
1578:
in the 16th century and became multi-ethnic in character, casting a profound effect on the political and social life of the entire Brahmaputra valley. The kingdom became weaker with the rise of the
5189:"The whole Chutiya territory was then annexed to the Ahom kingdom and an officer called Sadiya-khowa Gohain was appointed to administer it. The first incumbent to this office was Phrasenmung." (
5035:"He first annexed Habung in 1512... Since then resettled Bhuyan chiefs and their relations began to be absorbed as scribes and warriors in the lower echelons of the growing state machinery." (
3156:
Forward governors, who were military commanders, ruled and administered forward territories. The officers were usually filled from the families that were eligible for the three great Gohains.
2174:, the kingdom fell straight under ten years of political disorder. During this period the nobles exercised immense power, and seven kings were put on the throne and deposed. In the meantime,
2363:. Rajeswar Singha had erected the most number of temples among the Ahom Kings, he was an orthodox Hindu and took initiation of NatiâGosian (a relative of Pravatiya Gosain). In 1765, he sent
4916:, as the coronation hall had to be made of Singari wood. The ceremony was performed according to the Ahom rites but it is possible that his Brahmana foster-father blessed him with Vedic
1875:. This event was significant since it moved the Ahom polity from implicit subordination to explicit sovereignty, and this was accompanied by the transition of the name of the polity from
2100:
by 1576. The collapse of the Koch Hajo power in 1614 resulted in the Mughals coming to power up to the Barnadi river. The Mughals attempted further ingress to the east in 1616 with the
3510:, or bamboo pole of 12 feet (3.7 m) length and calculating the area, the unit was the "lucha" or 144 square feet (13.4 m) and 14,400 sq ft (1,340 m). is one "
4638:"(Sukapha) ordered his chroniclers to keep record of all events. This was the glorious beginning of the history-writing in Assamâa precious contribution to Indian historiography." (
2954:, that were directly under the king. The Borbarua, who acted as the military as well as the judicial head, was in command of the region east of Kaliabor not under the command of the
2808:
There were towns, but only a small percentage of the population lived in such towns. Some important towns of Ahom time were Rangpur, Garhgoan, Guwahati and Hajo. The capital city of
4119:"After 1770 started its period of decline-civil wars and depopulation followed by foreign occupations culminating in the final eclipse of 1826 by its take-over by the British." (
3658:
Swords, spears, bows, and arrows, guns, matchlocks, cannons were the primary weapons of the war. The soldiers had been trained to stand firm in battle. The cavalry commander was
3517:
The measurement system helped in the equal distribution of land among the paiks as well as among the nobles and officers. Records of land were maintained under an officer called
42:
5627:"Most of the Borbaruas were selected from Moran, Kachari, Chiring and Khamti families. The office of the Governor general, lower Assam, was appointed from a Chutiya family." (
3045:
also had a similar council of six subordinate Phukans whom he was bound to consult in all matters of importance. This council included Pani Phukan, who commanded six thousand
1837:. At the end of the 14th century, the nascent Ahom polity faced crises of succession, two regicides, and three quick interregnum periods when the kingdom was without a king.
4554:
held in a Sakta shrine and compelled them to bow their heads before the goddess and have their foreheads besmeared with the blood of sacrificed animals and made them accept
4014:
The culture of music and dance was widespread and popular and received the patronage of royalty, the Ahom kings also held high regard for Mughal music and sent musicians to
3995:, Gaurisagar tank, Lakshmisagar tank and Vishusagar tank or Rajmao pukhuri etc. The number of other tanks excavated by the Ahom rulers is estimated to be approximately 200.
3064:
Other officials included twelve Rajkhowas, and a number of Katakis, Kakatis, and Dolais. The Rajkhowas were governors of given territories and commanders of three thousand
2084:
first time and briefly coexisted and eventually replaced the Ahom language. No more major restructuring of the state structure was attempted until the end of the kingdom.
2387:. Rajeswar Singha's reign marked the end of Ahom supremacy and glory, the signs were decay was already visible during his reign. He was succeeded by his younger brother
1605:
people constituting less than 10% of the population toward the end. People from different ethnic groups became a part of the Ahom population due to the process known as
2262:. But he died right before he could execute his plans in 1714. Rudra Singha had reâinstated the Vaisnava Satras, he himself had taken initiation of the Auniati Gosain (
525:
511:
2416:
The Ahom kingdom by the mid-18th century was indeed an over-burdened hierarchical structure, supported by a weak institutional base and meagre economic surplus. The
4534:, His son Rudra Singha in the later part of his rule became an open supporter of faith and from his death onward that faith became the creed of the Ahom monarchs" (
5202:"In an attempt to appease the aggrieved Gohains, two new offilces of frontier governors were created to be always exclusively held by members of their lineages." (
2570:, the Burmese depredations (1817-1825) further reduced the population by 1/3. It shows that only 7/8 lakh people remained, at the time of British annexation. King
4396:(state or dependencies) chiefs who joined Sukapha with their contingents. Some of them came with their families, and the total strength is computed as 9,000." (
4200:"It is suggested that the actual population of the Ahom territories up to the Manas ranged from two to three millions over one-and-a-half century ending 1750." (
5682:"These were but petty chieftainships or petty duchies like that of the west. Some of them known as Raja puwali(petty Rajas) when elevated to such a status." (
2812:, was found to be 20 miles (32.18 km) in extent and thickly populated by Capt. Welsh in 1794. The population, however, never exceeded 10 thousand souls.
7992:
6545:
4655:. The rulers governed their kingdom not merely on oral directions but written orders and decisions that were recorded and preserved in their archives." (
2206:) established the 'Tungkhungia rule' in Assam, which continued to remain in power till the end of the kingdom. In 1682, the Mughals were defeated in the
4149:"Their formal conversion to Hinduism did not however take place before 1648 and the new attachment became stable only towards the end of the century." (
2233:
was marked by achievements in the Arts and engineering constructions, the Tungkhungia reigme witnessed a relative time of peace and stability till the
4979:(1439-88)] gained him the goodwill of the Aryanised Mongoloid tribes of the region, who helped him in his subsequent conquest of Habung and Panbari."
1992:
process occurred with the Ahoms. The nature of the kings institutional relationship to the ministers changed with the creation of a new position, the
6660:
2092:
After the division of the Koch kingdom between two branches of the Koch dynasty in 1581, the Ahoms allied with their immediate western neighbor, the
5142:"Yet another fact to note is that all Ahoms, irrespective of their royal or ordinary descent, remained free of any kind of Rajputisation process" (
3521:. Thus all cultivable and occupied land, except homesteads and jungles, were surveyed and recorded. The paper on which this was recorded is called
2151:, in this invasion the Ahoms could not resist up well, and the Mughals occupied the capital, Garhgaon. Unable to keep it, and in at the end of the
3430:
paid annual tributes to the Ahom king, acknowledging the overlordship and the vassalage of Ahoms. In this connection, mention be made of the term
2258:. He had made extensive preparations to extend the boundary westâtowards, attempted to make a confederacy of Hindu kings of eastern India against
7997:
2004:(territories acquired from the Kachari kingdom), both of which were reserved for the Borgohain and Burhagohain lineages. The traditional nobles (
2375:. The first expeditionary force had to be routed off, which was sent through 'Naga Hills', in 1767 another force was despatched through the old
6353:
Phukan, J. N. (1991). "Relations of the Ahom kings of Assam with those of Mong Mao (in Yunnan, China) and of Mong Kwang (Mogaung in Myanmar)".
6047:
6008:
5009:) of the adult male population in 1510. A survey of clans and crafts was also made to specify the nature of their respective militia duties." (
5116:"This resulted in the availability of a wider range of artisan skills as well as a greater scope for division of labour within the kingdom." (
2562:
From 1500 to 1770 A.D., one comes across definite signs of demographic growth in the region. There was terrible depopulation In course of the
8012:
7289:
6459:
Shin, Jae-Eun (2017), "Transition of Satra from a Venue of Bhakti Movement to the Orthodox Brahmanical Institution", in Ota, Nobuhiro (ed.),
7933:
7767:
2214:
who began commencing immense power and influence over the state and people, and started a wideâspread persecution of the Vaisnavites.
4962:(1488-93), there was a conflict with the Dimasa Kacharis, but the Ahoms sued for peace by offering a princess to the Kachari king." (
4392:"The Tais under Sukapha left Mong Mao in A.D. 1215 and not Mong Mit in 1227 as suggested by some scholars. There were at least five
2067:
system; and paiks could be permanently alienated to non-royal institutions via royal grants. Under the same king, the offices of the
8007:
6202:
850:
1601:
Though it came to be called the Ahom kingdom in the colonial and subsequent times, it was largely multi-ethnic, with the ethnic
1483:
5129:"The king assumed the Hindu title of Svarga-narayanaa (god of heaven) also came to be addressed as Swarga-deva in Assamese." (
7724:
6532:
5827:"...a number of oracles were included in the Bailung group. Thus there were the Naga-Bailung, Miri-Bailung and Nara Bailung"(
4271:
2147:
to bring the lost tracts and to punish the rebels elements in that quarter, launched an invasion under his chief lieutenant
8002:
3793:
group. The extended nobility consisted of the landed aristocracy and the spiritual class that did not pay any form of tax.
3682:. These were primarily made of chambal wood and were thus light and fast and so difficult to sink. The navy was led by the
2911:. In the 1280s, they were given independent territories, they were veritable sovereigns in their given territories called
5228:
Tom Kham was the son of Phrasengmong Borgohain and Mula Gabhoru, both warriors who were killed in battles against Turbak.
4246:
The Asiatic Annual Register, Or, A View of the History of Hindustan, and of the Politics, Commerce and Literature of Asia
4244:
7987:
6494:
6155:
Baruah, S. L. (1978). "The Muslim Population in Pre-British Assam: Their Social Status and Role in Cultural History".
2532:
country. Presumably, some of the coins of his reign were struck with the silver earned from these trading activities.
1821:
At this initial stage the kingdom was still not fully sovereign. Sukaphaa sent his word of allegiance and tributes to
6344:
6104:
5907:
5159:
was borrowed from the civil list of Habung where the local ruler, a dependent of the Chutiya king, had the title of
6798:
3810:
consisted of artisans, the literati and skilled people that did non-manual work and rendered service as a tax. The
3679:
3397:
The other hill states which acknowledged the overlordship and nominal sovereignty of the Ahoms were the states of:
1895:
ceremony, the state coronation of the Ahom kings that symbolised royal Ahom sovereignty, authority and legitimacy.
4175:"(T)he Ahom system was in reality both 'monarchical' and 'aristocratical' as Captain Welsh pointed out long ago" (
3545:
were issued for important records, particularly of revenue-free lands gifted to religious sites or to Brahamanas.
3478:, a Saikia of 100 and a Hazarika of 1000. A Rajkhowa commanded three thousand and a Phukan commanded six thousand
2008:) now aligned with the Brahmin literati and an expanded ruling class developed. And when the Ahoms under Ton Kham
1782:
writing, a practice of historiography rare in India. In the late medieval era, the Ahom kingdom was known to be a
7729:
7284:
6516:
1645:
came to be known by this name. The kingdom maintained close political ties with other Tai-states especially with
7760:
6440:
2518:
between 1792 and 1836 with the meaning 'Tibetan currency. Furthermore, there was a significant contact between
813:
3506:
himself. According to historians, the method of survey included measuring the four sides of each field with a
2974:
community. The Borbarua and Borphukan offices were not hereditary and thus could be chosen from any families.
7227:
6813:
3514:". Four 'bigha' makes one 'Pura'. A similar land measurement system is still being followed in modern Assam.
3281:
served under Borbarua, administered Jagi at Nagoan and maintained relations with seven tribal chiefs, called
6226:"Ahom state formation in Assam an enquiry into the factors of polity formation in medieval North East India"
3595:. Land was given to martial paiks (militia) in exchange for their service. The paiks were organised under a
7905:
7294:
6922:
6770:
6594:
6576:
6559:
6186:
Ahom State Formation in Assam: An Inquiry into the Factors of Polity Formation in Medieval North East India
4992:"The years 1497â1539---when the polity leaped into statehood has seen taken as the convenient watershed." (
3004:) who enjoyed additional powers and the service of a thousand additional paiks from the Jakaichuk village.
3711:
were the chief judicial authorities in their respective provinces, and trials were conducted before them.
1929:
The Ahom kingdom transitioned into a full state rather dramatically in a short period during the reign of
1902:
The next hundred years saw the kingdom mostly suppressing rebellious Naga groups, but a conflict with the
7248:
7170:
7080:
6970:
6667:
5614:
Thao-mung mungteu(Bhatialia Gohain) was made Chao-sheng-lung(Borpatrogohain in Lakni Rungrao 1527.(p.61.)
5613:
3988:
3474:
tended to his fields. The Paik system was administered by the Paik officials: A Bora was in charge of 20
2217:
843:
2497:, there was a corresponding increase in the circulation of money. Inscriptions dating from the reign of
2210:, and Manas river was fixed as the western boundary. Gadadhar Singha came in conflict with the Vaisnava
7977:
7890:
6823:
6803:
6793:
6750:
6603:
6585:
6567:
3694:
strength, courage, and endurance were the most important factors in the Ahom military's invincibility.
3177:
administered the region that was contiguous to the Naga groups west of the Dhansiri; acquired from the
3149:
s, and by the time of Rajeshwar Singha, there were twelve of them. The most important of these was the
2567:
2465:
2364:
1583:
1476:
6291:"The Ahom Political System: An Enquiry into the State Formation Process in Medieval Assam (1228â1714)"
2155:, the Ahoms not only fended off a major Mughal invasion but extended their boundaries west, up to the
7921:
7787:
7753:
7734:
7486:
7399:
7147:
4040:
2105:
1688:
flat rice fields able to hold plain water for rice cultivation via a network of embankments. The Tai-
818:
598:
405:
379:
4755:, meaning a country full of golden gardensâgardens that they kept smiling through their own toil." (
4026:
The royal insignia of the kingdom is known as Ngi-ngao-kham which is a mythical winged lion dragon.
1531:
7207:
4075:
4045:
2360:
1968:
in Nagaon; and by the end of Suhungmung's reign, the size of the kingdom had effectively doubled.
1574:
in the upper reaches of the Brahmaputra based on wet rice agriculture. It expanded suddenly under
4055:
1943:). It began first with a consolidation of the militia in 1510, followed by an expansion into the
1755:
1709:
that led to Indo-Aryan domination, the Ahom state formation provided an alternate model built on
1587:
823:
682:
5090:"By 1539, the Ahom territory became at least twice as big as what it was in size around 1407." (
4651:"Another characteristic was that the Ahom-rule like its contemporary the Mughal was literally a
3603:(department). The paiks were placed under the command of Paik officers, whose ranks as follows:
6965:
6947:
6937:
6017:
4681:"Non-Ahom tribes practising shifting cultivation were contemptuously described by the Ahoms as
3947:
3939:
2936:. The Borpatrogohain's territory was located between the territories of the other two Gohains.
2380:
2356:
2335:
2230:
1724:
836:
109:
6142:
Dutt, K.N. (1958). "MAHARAJA PURANDAR SINGHA (A 'rois fainant' of nineteenth-century Assam)".
3369:
ruled the tracts southwest of Guwahati and were the descendants of Gaj Narayan, a grandson of
2582:
The following table estimates the population composition of classes, during the reign of king
2379:
route. The second expedition was successful and achieved its objective in recovering Manipur.
2096:
branch, from 1603 to prop them as a buffer against the Mughals who had extended their rule to
7972:
7329:
6780:
6630:
6607:
4261:
3823:
2033:
1980:
legitimacy to the rule of the Ahom kings among the new subjects Suhungmung assumed the title
1613:
in this kingdom was fluid, with the king controlling who belonged to it and who did not. The
1469:
789:
6382:
Phukan, J. N. (1992), "Chapter III The Tai-Ahom Power in Assam", in Barpujari, H. K. (ed.),
2338:
gained much of his political influence. In 1744, he received an ambassador from the king of
7982:
7180:
7088:
6990:
6879:
6846:
6290:
5061:"The victorious Ahom army pursued the retreating Muslim soldiers as far as the Karatoya." (
4912:"(Sudangphaa) was the first Ahom king to perform his coronation ceremony, which was called
4686:
the chronicles that many Kha families were ceremonially adopted into various Ahom clans." (
3935:
1971:
629:
3261:
administered the region of Mungklang (Dihing) that was acquired after the conquest of the
3020:
had military and judicial responsibilities, and they were aided by two separate councils (
8:
7900:
7394:
7339:
7314:
7274:
7252:
7113:
7061:
6955:
6897:
6788:
6765:
6509:
3951:
3237:
administered the region of Banlung (Dhemaji) that was acquired after the conquest of the
2171:
2152:
2042:
The Ahom kingdom became more broad-based and took many features of its mature form under
2037:
2029:
366:
6524:
6469:
6225:
7354:
7066:
7033:
7023:
7003:
6998:
6912:
6854:
6837:
6833:
6808:
6655:
6635:
6625:
6408:
6370:
6310:
6172:
6130:
6083:
6041:
5945:
5469:
5005:"Yet another important event of his reign was the carrying out of a state-wise census (
3563:
2563:
2422:
2407:
2234:
2207:
2191:
2187:
2164:
2109:
2101:
1740:
1595:
1579:
730:
392:
6450:
Sarkar, J. N. (1992), "Chapter I The Ahom Administration", in Barpujari, H. K. (ed.),
7432:
7384:
7309:
7160:
7155:
7103:
7038:
7013:
6975:
6927:
6869:
6864:
6672:
6589:
6580:
6571:
6436:
6400:
6362:
6340:
6164:
6122:
6100:
6002:
5903:
5787:
4267:
4018:
to learn it. Certain officers such as 'Gayan Barua' were appointed to promote music.
4004:
3959:
3927:
3879:
3822:
and other serfs and bondsmen. There was some degree of movement between the classes.
3678:
Fathiya-i-ibriya mentions 32,000 ships belonging to the king of Assam at the time of
2427:
2075:(the "secretary" of the royal government) were established to increase the number of
1694:
1622:
1591:
1535:
677:
134:
7776:
7442:
7417:
7197:
7008:
6932:
6902:
6892:
6859:
6707:
6677:
6650:
6645:
6640:
6475:
6302:
6233:
6189:
6075:
5935:
3975:
3967:
3347:
2587:
2528:
2510:
2476:
persisted. In the 17th century when the Ahom kingdom expanded to include erstwhile
2469:
2372:
2331:
2305:
2222:
2129:
2017:
1862:, was identified as a descendant of a past king and installed on the throne by the
1507:
606:
543:
516:
196:
186:
5759:
3205:
served under the Borphukan, administered Kajalimukh and maintained relations with
3113:
Members of the royal families who occupy lower positions are given regions called
7843:
7838:
7691:
7614:
7454:
7422:
7409:
7389:
7279:
7269:
7261:
7165:
7056:
7028:
7018:
6980:
6917:
6907:
6735:
6598:
6430:
6334:
6056:
5963:
5897:
5795:(MPhil). Dept. of Bengali, Karimganj College, Karimganj, Assam, India. p. 91
4134:
3971:
3963:
3955:
3862:
3499:
3423:
3411:
3401:
3262:
3206:
3178:
2583:
2345:
2316:
2310:
2255:
2196:
2137:
1924:
1891:
1815:
1811:
1563:
1547:
1450:
1437:
1411:
315:
220:
6066:
Gohain, Hiren (1974). "Origins of the Assamese Middle Class: Reply to Comment".
3434:(established and preserved) which determined their relationship with the Ahoms.
2484:
areas, it came into contact with their revenue systems and adapted accordingly.
2383:
who was the most influential noble in the Ahom court, had caused the burning of
7895:
7874:
7869:
7848:
7599:
7536:
7516:
7437:
7349:
7257:
7118:
6960:
6887:
6745:
6740:
6725:
6720:
6697:
6617:
6502:
4050:
3926:
are credited to the Ahom kings. Notable temples from the Ahom period includesâ
3831:
3554:
3427:
3406:
3300:
3252:
3238:
3168:
2933:
2845:
2820:
2809:
2388:
2368:
2339:
2251:
2013:
1961:
1954:
1949:
1916:
1903:
1834:
1830:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1638:
771:
753:
748:
710:
705:
700:
667:
639:
634:
557:
530:
418:
6323:
Technology, Production and Social Formation in the Evolution of the Ahom State
5940:
3873:
3498:
and was pushed on vigorously, but it was not completed until after his death.
2566:(1769â1805) when more than half of the population fell off. Again, during the
2444:
7966:
7948:
7935:
7565:
7479:
7469:
7447:
6404:
6366:
6168:
6126:
5458:"Coinage and Currency of the Ahoms and Jaintiapur: Some Reflections on Trade"
3992:
3782:
3774:
3766:
3388:
3094:
2997:
2971:
2967:
2882:
2870:
2571:
2481:
2175:
2140:
on the south. Thus, the Ahom state attained the greatest territorial zenith.
2133:
2043:
1989:
1802:
people were ceremonially adopted into different Ahom clans, a process called
1787:
1698:
1543:
1372:
644:
177:
150:
139:
1833:
that turned into a conflict, and the other was a marriage alliance with the
7474:
7464:
7324:
7128:
7123:
7098:
7048:
6818:
6760:
6692:
6330:
4035:
3943:
3899:
3770:
3732:
3503:
3450:, reorganized in 1608 by Momai Tamuli Barbarua. Every common subject was a
3447:
3374:
3361:
3355:
3304:
3061:
Barua was the physician to the royal family, Hati Barua, Ghora Barua, etc.
2984:(Council of Ministers). From the time of Supimphaa (1492â1497), one of the
2963:
2825:
2519:
2494:
2240:
2148:
2097:
2071:(viceroy of territories acquired from the Koches and the Mughals), and the
1965:
1658:
1542:) that retained its independence for nearly 600 years despite encountering
1307:
933:
866:
720:
482:
303:
247:
230:
6113:
Baruah, S. L. (1977). "Ahom Policy Towards the Neighbouring Hill Tribes".
2326:), nothing of importance is recorded during his reign. He had erected the
2250:), under whom the Kingdom attained its zenith. He subdued the kingdoms of
7853:
7551:
7546:
7459:
7427:
7359:
7093:
6204:
State formation in Early Medieval Assam:A case study of the Chutiya state
6034:
Historical geography of Darrangi kingdom in the medieval period 1600â1826
4350:
4070:
3911:
3883:
3778:
3737:
3443:
2943:
2920:
2904:
2837:
2498:
2473:
2453:
2439:
2417:
2411:
2376:
2300:
2285:
2278:
2160:
2156:
2113:
2054:
2016:
river they began to see themselves as the rightful heir of the erstwhile
1944:
1920:
1881:
1803:
1763:
1736:
1706:
1689:
1680:
1668:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1555:
1385:
1138:
1125:
996:
946:
725:
291:
237:
216:
6479:
6412:
6374:
6176:
6134:
5949:
5923:
5473:
5457:
4065:
3076:
Members of the royal families ruled certain areas, and they were called
2828:
receiving the kings of the Dimasa and the Jaintia kingdoms in his court.
2313:
was set up on the throne setting aside the claims of Siva Singha's son.
7641:
7334:
7232:
7190:
6755:
6687:
6314:
6237:
6193:
6087:
6018:"Medieval Northeast India: Polity, Society and Economy, 1200â1750 A.D."
3580:
3502:
was next surveyed, and the settlement which followed was supervised by
3324:
2970:
communities, while the Borphukan of lower Assam was appointed from the
2929:
2125:
2112:, when the Ahoms were able to push the Mughals back to the west of the
1930:
1845:
1807:
1575:
1424:
1398:
1359:
1242:
1216:
1203:
1190:
1164:
1112:
1099:
1047:
1034:
1021:
353:
279:
5715:
4220:
2299:. Therefore, he transferred the royal umbrella and throne to his wife
1953:
significant loss to itself) and pursue the retreating invaders to the
874:
56:
7696:
7681:
7651:
7556:
7541:
7531:
7185:
6682:
5767:(PhD). The School of Oriental and African Studies London. p. 115
4976:
4959:
3907:
3903:
3786:
3741:
3723:
3708:
3588:
3584:
3558:
3490:
3228:
3192:
3089:
3042:
3017:
2951:
2908:
2865:
2853:
2841:
2833:
2477:
2472:
in the 17th century, though the system of personal service under the
2327:
2144:
2093:
2068:
2009:
1771:
1759:
1646:
1346:
1333:
1320:
1294:
1281:
1268:
1255:
1151:
1086:
1073:
1060:
920:
907:
233:
85:
6306:
6079:
2273:
1975:
Ahom expansion in the Brahmaputra Valley and the change of polities.
7808:
7745:
7711:
7671:
7666:
7661:
7604:
7594:
7526:
7369:
7364:
7299:
7236:
7212:
6715:
4975:"During this period, Hinduism gained further grounds...This act of
4526:"Gadadhar Singha lent towards Saktism and persecuted the Vaishnava
4080:
3865:
in 1746. It one of the earliest pavilion in the Indian subcontinent
3827:
3704:
3572:
3495:
3370:
3351:
3272:
3037:
3013:
2947:
2900:
2890:
2878:
2849:
2267:
2072:
1822:
1810:, the kingdom made large territorial expansions at the cost of the
1702:
1684:
1676:
1664:
1559:
1551:
971:
894:
662:
340:
267:
240:
190:
182:
102:
72:
2079:
to five, along with other smaller offices. The practices of using
1996:, named after a Chutia office; and the creation of the offices of
7818:
7701:
7636:
7589:
7521:
7511:
7319:
7304:
7202:
7133:
6454:, vol. III, Guwahati: Assam Publication Board, pp. 1â86
6386:, vol. II, Guwahati: Assam Publication Board, pp. 49â60
4099:
3931:
3858:
3852:
3761:
3576:
3529:
meaning (paper carefully preserved inside of wooden boxes called
3366:
3196:
3134:
s were princes of an even lesser grade, of which there were two:
2384:
2259:
2053:), primarily to meet the sustained attacks from the Mughals. The
1779:
1728:
1177:
794:
586:
211:
5789:
A Study into the Ahom System of Government during Medieval Assam
3350:
and were the descendants of Sundar Narayan, a great-grandson of
2371:
made an appeal to the Ahom king to recover his country from the
1762:
in 1253. He established the offices of the Dangarias— the
614:
7803:
7706:
7686:
7676:
7646:
7609:
7379:
7344:
7222:
7108:
6550:
5968:, Department of Archaeology and Assam State Museum, p. 104
4139:, Department of Archaeology and Assam State Museum, p. 104
4060:
3311:
Lesser governors were called Rajkhowas, and some of them were:
3296:
3248:
3188:
3164:
2586:(1751-1769). According to the population estimates computed by
2546:
2461:
2457:
2430:
in 1826, the control of the kingdom passed into British hands.
2426:
kingdom fell to repeated Burmese attacks and finally after the
2211:
1872:
1859:
1732:
1672:
1571:
1229:
672:
116:
97:
6463:, Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, pp. 237â257
6282:
Medieval and Early Colonial Assam: Society, Polity and Economy
3221:
administered the region of Banruk (part of Sibsagar district).
2359:
by setting aside the claims of seniority of his elder brother
2167:, which remained the same till the annexation by the British.
7656:
7578:
7573:
7502:
7217:
6536:
5443:
N.G Rodhes and S.K. Bose, 'The coinage of Assam' Vol ll, 2004
4015:
3923:
3511:
2523:
2515:
1642:
1567:
1539:
1519:
1513:
582:
201:
6461:
Clustering and Connections in Pre-Modern South Asian Society
3922:
A large number of temple constructions in the late medieval
2124:
In 1657, owing to the 'War of succession' among the sons of
7374:
7175:
6061:, Department of Historical and Antiquarian Studies in Assam
5502:
Baruah, S. L. (1993), Last Days of Ahom Monarchy, New Delhi
5488:
Baruah, S. L. (1993), Last Days of Ahom Monarchy, New Delhi
4550:"(Phuleshwari Bor-Raja) summoned the Sudra Mahantas to the
3826:
rose from a bondsman through the ranks to become the first
3674:
was the officer in charge of the manufacture of gunpowder.
3592:
3053:, the Dihingia Phukan, Nek Phukan and two Chutiya Phukans.
1754:
Sukaphaa (1228â1268) spent a couple of decades moving from
5720:
5718:
4225:
4223:
3470:
rendered direct service to the king, as the others in his
2962:
viceroy in the west. Borbaruas were mostly from different
5415:
Guha, The Decline of the Ahom kingdom of Assam: 1765â1826
3215:
administered the region of Khamjang (part of Naga hills).
3191:
and a portion of Chariduar after the headquarters of the
1735:
Mahantas and their laity that began during the reign of
6432:
Fragmented Memories: Struggling to be Tai-Ahom in India
5924:"Recreating the Past: Revivalism in Northeastern India"
4593:
Charaideo in the Sanskritised version of the Ahom name
3886:. It is the tallest monument built during the Ahom era.
3255:
in 1524. Later Borpatrogohain was created in its place.
2893:
from a different line or even depose an enthroned one.
2000:(territories acquired from the Chutia kingdom) and the
1910:
5965:
Bulletin of the Assam State Museum, Gauhati Issues 5-6
4136:
Bulletin of the Assam State Museum, Gauhati Issues 5-6
3036:
at the capital. Six of them formed the council of the
2062:
6097:
Political life in Assam during the nineteenth century
1649:(Nara) till the end of its rule in the 19th century.
4875:"Ahoms also gave Assam and its language their name (
3769:
ethnic group, whereas the Borbaruas belonged to the
2903:
had two great Gohains to aid him in administration:
4324:
4322:
3797:
3494:Behar and Bengal for the work. It was commenced in
3167:region that was acquired after the conquest of the
3122:
2178:went back in the hands of Mughals for a few years.
1522:
1516:
1510:
5961:
5582:
4132:
1758:establishing colonies and finally settled down in
4891:, probably from a Burmese corruption of the word
4259:
3726:(1281â1293), the third Ahom king, delineated the
2651:Year wise estimated population of medieval Assam
2181:
1746:
16:Kingdom in the Brahmaputra Valley in Assam, India
7964:
6255:The History of the system of Ahom administration
4751:"Sukapha and his men called their small kingdom
4319:
3338:The dependent kings or vassals were also called
2877:), who had to be a descendant of the first king
2266:) but later in his life he got inclined towards
5779:
5073:
5071:
4349:"In his letter, the Mong Kwang ruler requested
3744:families, and four priestly lineages—the
2057:was reorganized in 1609 under the professional
1960:In 1536, after the series of contacts with the
441:41,957.807 km (16,200.000 sq mi)
5623:
5621:
5325:
4243:Campbell, Lawrence Dundas; Samuel, E. (1807).
4242:
3730:("Ahom of the seven houses") aristocracy: the
2858:
1743:and ultimately to the eclipse of the kingdom.
1663:The Ahom kingdom was established in 1228 when
7761:
6510:
5665:
5663:
5383:"Numali Borgohain wrote a chronicle entitled
4609:
4607:
4546:
4544:
2863:The Ahom kingdom was ruled by a king, called
2334:temples in NorthâGuwahati. During his reign,
2023:
1858:), born and raised in a Brahmin household in
1477:
844:
5928:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde
5753:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5262:
5260:
5068:
4266:. Concept Publishing Company. pp. 65â.
3882:, built by Bar raja Ambika, consont of king
3599:(group of four paiks), and further under a
1594:in 1826, control of the kingdom passed into
6223:
5709:
5683:
5618:
4883:'Assam' come from an attested earlier form
3814:rendered manual labor. The lowest were the
3097:on the right bank of the Burhidihing river.
1586:. With the defeat of the Burmese after the
7993:States and territories established in 1228
7768:
7754:
6517:
6503:
6397:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
6355:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
6200:
6183:
6157:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
6144:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
6115:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
6046:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
6007:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
5660:
5462:Proceedings of the Indian History Congress
4920:when the king assumed the Hindu titles of
4604:
4562:. More than others, the powerful Mayamara
4541:
4514:
4380:
4337:
4115:
4113:
3697:
3571:The Ahom military department consisted of
3537:were not durable, copper plates called as
3049:, Deka Phukan who commanded four thousand
2264:the most influential Brahmana Sattradhikar
1484:
1470:
851:
837:
6393:A Few Aspects of the Ahom Military System
6031:
5939:
5842:Comprehensive history of Assam, SL Baruah
5761:The History of Mediaeval Assam, 1228â1603
5744:
5576:
5429:Comprehensive history of Assam, SL Baruah
5257:
4253:
2330:with masonry and built the Sukreswar and
1701:. Whereas the earlier state formations (
1641:after 1838 and later the Indian state of
6094:
5757:
4421:(ed), H.C.Goswami, Guwahati, 1977, p10;
4214:
3562:
3056:The superintending officers were called
2819:
2443:
2272:
2216:
1970:
6471:Tai ahom religion a philosophical study
6248:, Concept Publishing Company, New Delhi
5921:
5758:Acharyya, Nagendra Nath (1 June 1957).
4110:
3898:The metropolis at Rangpur contains the
3802:was the gentry that was freed from the
3299:and Mohong (Naga hills) conquered from
2433:
1637:in later times. The British-controlled
7998:Medieval empires and kingdoms of India
7965:
7395:Joymati, first Assamese motion picture
6449:
6428:
6419:
6381:
6352:
6329:
6320:
6188:(PhD). North-Eastern Hill University.
6154:
6112:
6065:
6054:
5992:
5983:
5895:
5883:
5815:Baruah, Comprehensive History of Assam
5554:
5388:
5345:
5332:
5190:
5078:
5062:
5049:
5023:
4980:
4963:
4929:
4900:
4825:
4799:
4787:
4774:
4756:
4739:
4726:
4700:
4656:
4639:
4598:
4568:
4535:
4501:
4464:
4397:
4354:
4313:
4188:
4176:
4163:
3462:. At any time of the year, one of the
3442:The Ahom kingdom was dependent on the
2815:
7749:
6498:
6467:
6270:
6264:Continuity and Change among the Ahoms
6261:
6252:
6243:
6214:
5828:
5785:
5738:
5696:
5670:
5654:
5641:
5628:
5601:
5528:
5515:
5455:
5401:
5371:
5358:
5238:
4438:
4367:
4287:
2980:: The five positions constituted the
2468:. The first coins were introduced by
2012:pursued the invaders and reached the
1786:(a kingdom with records) just as the
1705:) borrowed political structures from
354:Re-organization under King Suhungmung
8013:13th-century establishments in India
7775:
6458:
6288:
6279:
6141:
6015:
5588:
5541:
5319:
5306:
5293:
5280:
5267:
5251:
5216:
5203:
5177:
5164:
5143:
5130:
5117:
5104:
5091:
5036:
5010:
4993:
4946:
4863:
4850:
4838:
4812:
4713:
4687:
4669:
4626:
4613:
4581:
4489:
4477:
4451:
4300:
4263:Continuity and Change Among the Ahom
4230:
4201:
4150:
4120:
3718:
2889:) could elect another descendant of
2885:but occasionally the great Gohains (
2061:system, replacing the kinship-based
1911:Full state and expansion (1510â1609)
1840:
1582:, and subsequently fell to repeated
6390:
6266:, Concept Publishing Company, Delhi
6058:Anglo-Assamese Relations, 1771â1826
5725:
3145:Royal ladies were given individual
3032:sat at Guwahati and the Borbarua's
2509:Due to trade with Tibet, a coin of
2504:
2119:
1964:, the Ahom rule extended up to the
13:
7290:List of Assamese writers Pen Names
6452:The Comprehensive History of Assam
6399:. Vol. 40. pp. 552â556.
6384:The Comprehensive History of Assam
4009:
3163:based in Sadiya, administered the
3007:
2452:The Ahom kingdom was based on the
2159:. The western border was fixed at
2108:which lasted the till 1682 in the
2104:which marked the beginning of the
55:
14:
8024:
6751:Legislative Assembly (Since 1937)
6325:, Regency Publications, New Delhi
6246:Agrarian system of medieval Assam
6232:, North-Eastern Hill University,
5899:Studies in Ancient Indian History
4102:officially converted to Hinduism.
3662:, and the elephant commander was
3437:
3346:Darrang Raja ruled the later-day
3093:, administered the tracts around
2132:extended his authority, occupied
2087:
1671:valley having crossed the rugged
7917:
7916:
7817:
6661:Institutions of higher education
6526:
6289:Guha, Amalendu (December 1983),
6284:, K.P. Bagchi & Co, Calcutta
5986:A Comprehensive History of Assam
5955:
5915:
5889:
5876:
5862:
5848:
5834:
5821:
5807:
5786:Mohan, Dipankar (October 2017).
5731:
5702:
5689:
5676:
5647:
5634:
5607:
5594:
3872:
3851:
1506:
873:
613:
562:
548:
523:
509:
41:
8008:1826 disestablishments in India
6608:Dipterocarpus retusus (Hollong)
6219:, Allahabad: Chugh Publications
6095:Hazarika, Bijay Bhusan (1987),
5569:
5560:
5547:
5534:
5521:
5508:
5494:
5480:
5449:
5435:
5421:
5407:
5394:
5377:
5364:
5351:
5338:
5312:
5299:
5286:
5273:
5244:
5231:
5222:
5209:
5196:
5183:
5170:
5149:
5136:
5123:
5110:
5097:
5084:
5055:
5042:
5029:
5016:
4999:
4986:
4969:
4952:
4935:
4906:
4869:
4856:
4844:
4831:
4818:
4805:
4793:
4780:
4762:
4745:
4732:
4719:
4706:
4693:
4675:
4662:
4645:
4632:
4619:
4587:
4574:
4520:
4507:
4495:
4483:
4470:
4457:
4444:
4403:
4386:
4373:
4360:
4343:
4306:
4293:
4280:
4236:
3934:, Gaurisagar group of temples,
3893:
3789:) oracles became a part of the
2803:
2552:
2393:
2355:), he was put on the throne by
2350:
2321:
2290:
2281:riding elephant with attendants
2245:
2201:
2048:
1948:of the royalty of the advanced
1938:
1853:
1617:initially called their kingdom
7300:The Arunodoi (Orunodoi - 1846)
6420:Sharma, Benudhar, ed. (1972),
6339:, Cambridge University Press,
6275:, Gauhati University, Guwahati
4207:
4194:
4182:
4169:
4156:
4143:
4126:
4092:
3485:
2881:. Succession was generally by
2221:King Siva Singha and BarâRaja
2182:Tungkhungia regime (1682â1826)
1879:to "Assam", a derivative from
48:Ngi-ngao-kham (Royal insignia)
1:
6468:Gogoi, Shrutashwinee (2011).
5976:
4958:"In 1490 during the reign of
3806:and paid only money-tax. The
3680:Mir Jumla's invasion of Assam
3187:administered a great part of
2557:
7906:December 2014 Assam violence
7295:List of Assamese Periodicals
6746:Assam Province (1912 â 1947)
6273:The Tai and the Tai kingdoms
6224:Burhagohain, Romesh (1988),
6217:The Mataks and their Kingdom
6032:Chaudhury, Sarojini (1997).
4773:not be to our advantage.'" (
3798:
3703:him on the complainant. The
3123:
3071:
2448:Silver rupee of Rudra Singha
1683:, earlier the domain of the
1667:, a Tai prince, entered the
28:ŕŚ
সম ৰাŕŚŕ§ŕŚŻ {Kingdom of Assam}
7:
8003:1228 establishments in Asia
6262:Gogoi, Nitul Kumar (2006),
6201:Buragohain, Ramesh (2013).
6184:Buragohain, Romesh (1988).
5962:Assam State Museum (1985),
4133:Assam State Museum (1985),
4029:
3998:
3978:etc including many others.
3605:
3548:
3295:based in the salt mines of
3271:administered the region of
3247:administered the region of
3227:administered the region of
3087:, the heir apparent to the
2859:Swargadeo and Patra Mantris
2401:
2063:
1988:), though nothing like the
1731:and the persecution of the
10:
8029:
7891:Assam separatist movements
7099:Barak Valley (South Assam)
6599:Foxtail Orchids (Kopouful)
6271:Gogoi, Padmeshwar (1968),
6215:Dutta, Sristidhar (1985),
5995:Last Days of Ahom Monarchy
5566:Naoboicha Phukanar Buranji
5456:Kalsi, Sukhwinder (2005).
4260:Nitul Kumar Gogoi (2006).
4002:
3928:Sivasagar group of temples
3917:
3837:
3552:
3333:
3153:given to the chief queen.
2831:
2437:
2405:
2185:
2027:
2024:Maturing state (1609â1682)
1914:
1656:
1652:
1584:Burmese invasions of Assam
7988:Former monarchies of Asia
7914:
7883:
7862:
7826:
7815:
7796:
7788:Timeline of Assam History
7783:
7720:
7629:
7495:
7487:List of people from Assam
7408:
7400:Guwahati Theatre Festival
7315:Assam Rhetorical Congress
7247:
7146:
7136:The Hill station of Assam
7079:
7047:
6989:
6946:
6878:
6845:
6832:
6779:
6706:
6616:
6558:
6543:
6435:. Duke University Press.
6257:, Punthi Pustak, Calcutta
6099:, Gian Publishing House,
5941:10.1163/22134379-90003014
4021:
3932:Jaysagar group of temples
3760:. These lines maintained
2539:
1630:
1626:
1530:, 1228–1826) was a
578:
488:
478:
474:
464:
454:
450:
445:
437:
432:
428:
415:
406:Burmese invasion of Assam
402:
389:
376:
363:
350:
337:
333:
325:
321:
309:
297:
285:
273:
261:
257:
246:
226:
210:
170:
163:And other native language
127:
78:
68:
54:
38:
33:
23:
7094:Lower-Assam (West Assam)
7089:Upper-Assam (East Assam)
6321:Kakoty, Sanjeeb (2003),
4567:of the Ahom monarchy." (
4249:. J. Debrett, Picadilly.
4086:
4076:Singarigharutha ceremony
4046:Treaty of Ghilajharighat
3981:
3940:Negheriting shiva temple
2487:
2365:an expedition to Manipur
6938:South Salmara Mankachar
6814:Human rights Commission
6429:Saikia, Yasmin (2004).
6280:Guha, Amalendu (1991),
6244:Gogoi, Jahnabi (2002),
6016:Guha, Amalendu (1978).
5922:Terwiel, B. J. (1996),
4926:Rajrajeswar Chakraborty
4899:: Kakati 1962; 1â4)." (
3698:Judicial administration
2966:, Kachari, Chiring and
1588:First Anglo-Burmese War
63:The Ahom Kingdom, 1826.
6771:Assam History Timeline
6424:, Gauhati: Assam Jyoti
6021:CSSSC Occasional Paper
5993:Baruah, S. L. (1993),
5988:, Munshiram Manoharlal
5870:Biswas, S. S, Sibsagar
3568:
3103:is the second in line.
2992:(Prime Minister, also
2932:added a third Gohain,
2829:
2460:labor that is neither
2449:
2381:Kirti Chandra Borbarua
2357:Kirti Chandra Borbarua
2336:Kirti Chandra Borbarua
2282:
2231:Tungkhungia Ahom kings
2226:
1976:
1609:. The identity of the
419:Britain seizes control
339:⢠Established by
60:
7949:26.93306°N 94.74806°E
6391:Sen, Debasis (1979).
6055:Bhuyan, S.K. (1949),
6036:. Gauhati University.
5934:(2), JSTOR: 275â292,
5902:, Sundeep Prakashan,
5896:Sircar, D.C. (1988),
5856:Biswas, S.S, Sibsagar
5385:Chakariâpheti Buranji
4332:after their new name
4041:AhomâMughal conflicts
3824:Momai Tamuli Borborua
3566:
2823:
2447:
2276:
2220:
2106:AhomâMughal conflicts
2034:Ahom-Mughal conflicts
1974:
790:Kamarupa inscriptions
380:AhomâMughal conflicts
128:Common languages
59:
7228:Textiles and dresses
7181:Folk dances of Assam
6971:Karbi Anglong (West)
6794:Legislative Assembly
6336:Indo-Aryan Languages
6253:Gogoi, Lila (1991),
5984:Baruah, S L (1986),
3948:Manikarneswar temple
3567:Weapons of Ahom era.
3203:Kajalimukhiya Gohain
3175:Marangi khowa Gohain
3109:is the third in line
2577:paikar piyalar kakat
2434:Ahom economic system
2243:alias Sukhrungphaa (
1675:mountain range from
630:Pragjyotisha kingdom
7945: /
7901:2012 Assam violence
7725:Fairs and Festivals
7340:Saptakanda Ramayana
7275:Assamese literature
7114:Mora Dhansiri River
6766:Golaghat Convention
6422:An Account of Assam
4504:, pp. 223â224)
4419:Purani Asam Buranji
4056:KochâAhom conflicts
3952:Dirgheshwari temple
3195:was transferred to
3161:Sadiya Khowa Gohain
3117:s, and were called
2946:added two offices,
2816:Ahom administration
2652:
2594:
2342:. He died in 1751.
2172:Battle of Saraighat
2153:Battle of Saraighat
2038:Battle of Saraighat
2030:Koch-Ahom relations
2002:Marangikhowa Gohain
367:Koch-Ahom conflicts
7954:26.93306; 94.74806
7884:Contemporary Assam
7559:and its variations
7505:and its variations
7355:Goalpariya Lokgeet
7171:Traditional crafts
6668:Physical geography
6636:Brahmaputra Valley
3715:with sticks, etc.
3672:Kharghariya Phukan
3569:
3251:acquired from the
3225:Tungkhungia Gohain
3028:. The Borphukan's
2830:
2650:
2593:
2564:Moamoria rebellion
2450:
2423:Moamoria rebellion
2408:Moamoria rebellion
2391:alias Sunyeophaa (
2373:Burmese occupation
2348:alias Supremphaa (
2297:Chatraâbhangaâyoga
2283:
2235:Moamoria rebellion
2227:
2192:Moamoria rebellion
2188:Battle of Itakhuli
2165:Battle of Itakhuli
2110:Battle of Itakhuli
2102:Battle of Samdhara
1998:Sadiyakhowa Gohain
1977:
1748:Mong Dun Shun Kham
1741:Moamoria rebellion
1619:Mong Dun Shun Kham
1596:East India Company
1580:Moamoria rebellion
1536:Brahmaputra Valley
884:List of Ahom kings
731:Moamoria rebellion
393:Moamaria rebellion
61:
7978:Kingdoms of Assam
7928:
7927:
7743:
7742:
7310:The Assam Tribune
7161:Assamese alphabet
7156:Assamese language
7104:Brahmaputra River
7075:
7074:
6590:White-winged duck
6581:Indian rhinoceros
6572:O Mur Apunar Desh
4914:Singari-ghar-utha
4853:, pp. 18â19)
4753:Mung-dun-sun-kham
4492:, pp. 10â12)
4273:978-81-8069-281-9
4005:Painting of Assam
3936:Rudrasagar temple
3910:and in Garhgoan,
3880:Sivasagar Sivadol
3845:Ahom architecture
3777:groups. Later on
3719:Classes of people
3656:
3655:
3269:Kaliaboria Gohain
3213:Khamjangia Gohain
2801:
2800:
2648:
2647:
2610:Total Population
2428:Treaty of Yandabo
2319:alias Sunenphaa (
2288:alias Sutanphaa (
2208:Battle of Itakhul
1877:Mong-Dun-Sun-Kham
1841:Assam (1401â1510)
1827:Mong Dun Sun Kham
1725:Tungkhungia kings
1592:Treaty of Yandabo
1570:), it began as a
1550:. Established by
1494:
1493:
1459:
1458:
861:
860:
678:Mlechchha dynasty
645:Sonitpura kingdom
592:
591:
574:
573:
570:
569:
536:
535:
311:⢠1833â1838
299:⢠1696â1714
287:⢠1603â1641
275:⢠1497â1539
263:⢠1228â1268
159:dynastic language
8020:
7960:
7959:
7957:
7956:
7955:
7950:
7946:
7943:
7942:
7941:
7938:
7920:
7919:
7821:
7777:History of Assam
7770:
7763:
7756:
7747:
7746:
7496:Notable surnames
7198:Ekasarana Dharma
6843:
6842:
6531:
6530:
6529:
6519:
6512:
6505:
6496:
6495:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6464:
6455:
6446:
6425:
6416:
6387:
6378:
6349:
6331:Masica, Colin P.
6326:
6317:
6295:Social Scientist
6285:
6276:
6267:
6258:
6249:
6240:
6220:
6211:
6209:
6197:
6180:
6151:
6138:
6109:
6091:
6074:(67â71): 67â71.
6068:Social Scientist
6062:
6051:
6045:
6037:
6028:
6012:
6006:
5998:
5989:
5970:
5969:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5943:
5919:
5913:
5912:
5893:
5887:
5880:
5874:
5873:
5872:. pp. 77â8.
5866:
5860:
5859:
5852:
5846:
5845:
5838:
5832:
5825:
5819:
5818:
5811:
5805:
5804:
5802:
5800:
5794:
5783:
5777:
5776:
5774:
5772:
5766:
5755:
5742:
5735:
5729:
5722:
5713:
5710:Burhagohain 1988
5706:
5700:
5693:
5687:
5684:Burhagohain 1988
5680:
5674:
5667:
5658:
5651:
5645:
5638:
5632:
5625:
5616:
5611:
5605:
5598:
5592:
5586:
5580:
5573:
5567:
5564:
5558:
5551:
5545:
5538:
5532:
5525:
5519:
5512:
5506:
5505:
5498:
5492:
5491:
5484:
5478:
5477:
5453:
5447:
5446:
5445:. pp. 9â10.
5439:
5433:
5432:
5425:
5419:
5418:
5411:
5405:
5398:
5392:
5381:
5375:
5368:
5362:
5355:
5349:
5342:
5336:
5329:
5323:
5316:
5310:
5303:
5297:
5290:
5284:
5277:
5271:
5264:
5255:
5254::24), and notes.
5248:
5242:
5235:
5229:
5226:
5220:
5213:
5207:
5200:
5194:
5187:
5181:
5174:
5168:
5153:
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5140:
5134:
5127:
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5014:
5003:
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4990:
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4973:
4967:
4956:
4950:
4939:
4933:
4910:
4904:
4873:
4867:
4860:
4854:
4848:
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4822:
4816:
4809:
4803:
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4791:
4784:
4778:
4766:
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4717:
4710:
4704:
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4602:
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4578:
4572:
4548:
4539:
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4518:
4511:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4474:
4468:
4461:
4455:
4448:
4442:
4407:
4401:
4390:
4384:
4377:
4371:
4364:
4358:
4351:Kamaleswarsingha
4347:
4341:
4326:
4317:
4310:
4304:
4297:
4291:
4284:
4278:
4277:
4257:
4251:
4250:
4240:
4234:
4227:
4218:
4211:
4205:
4198:
4192:
4186:
4180:
4173:
4167:
4160:
4154:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4130:
4124:
4117:
4103:
4096:
3976:Rudreswar temple
3968:Sukreswar temple
3876:
3861:, built by king
3855:
3801:
3765:belonged to the
3688:Naosaliya Phukan
3684:Naobaicha Phukan
3612:Number of Paiks
3606:
3519:Darabdhara Barua
3432:thapita sanchita
3348:Darrang district
3245:Bhatialia Gohain
3235:Banlungia Gohain
3140:Sarumelia Gohain
3136:Majumelia Gohain
3132:Meldangia Gohain
3126:
2653:
2649:
2601:Slaves/Bondsmen
2595:
2592:
2588:Gunabhiram Barua
2529:Jayadhwaj Singha
2511:Jayadhwaj Singha
2505:Trade with Tibet
2470:Jayadhwaj Singha
2397:
2396: 1769â1780
2395:
2354:
2353: 1751â1759
2352:
2325:
2324: 1744â1751
2323:
2294:
2293: 1714â1744
2292:
2249:
2248: 1696â1714
2247:
2205:
2204: 1682â1696
2203:
2130:Jayadhwaj Singha
2120:Mughal relations
2066:
2052:
2051: 1603â1641
2050:
2018:Kamarupa kingdom
1942:
1941: 1497â1539
1940:
1857:
1856: 1397â1407
1855:
1632:
1628:
1529:
1528:
1525:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1502:Kingdom of Assam
1486:
1479:
1472:
888:
887:
877:
863:
862:
853:
846:
839:
663:Kamarupa kingdom
617:
607:History of Assam
594:
593:
566:
565:
552:
551:
544:Konbaung dynasty
540:
539:
527:
526:
517:Kamarupa Kingdom
513:
512:
506:
505:
490:
489:
197:Tribal religions
187:Ekasarana Dharma
45:
25:Kingdom of Assam
21:
20:
8028:
8027:
8023:
8022:
8021:
8019:
8018:
8017:
7963:
7962:
7953:
7951:
7947:
7944:
7939:
7936:
7934:
7932:
7931:
7929:
7924:
7910:
7879:
7858:
7844:Kachari Kingdom
7839:Chutiya Kingdom
7822:
7813:
7792:
7779:
7774:
7744:
7739:
7716:
7692:North Lakhimpur
7625:
7491:
7455:Tribes of Assam
7423:Assamese people
7404:
7280:Assamese poetry
7256:
7243:
7142:
7071:
7043:
6985:
6942:
6874:
6828:
6824:Political Party
6799:Chief Ministers
6775:
6736:Kachari Kingdom
6702:
6612:
6554:
6539:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6493:
6484:
6482:
6443:
6347:
6307:10.2307/3516963
6207:
6107:
6080:10.2307/3516480
6039:
6038:
6000:
5999:
5979:
5974:
5973:
5960:
5956:
5920:
5916:
5910:
5894:
5890:
5881:
5877:
5868:
5867:
5863:
5854:
5853:
5849:
5840:
5839:
5835:
5826:
5822:
5813:
5812:
5808:
5798:
5796:
5792:
5784:
5780:
5770:
5768:
5764:
5756:
5745:
5736:
5732:
5723:
5716:
5707:
5703:
5694:
5690:
5681:
5677:
5668:
5661:
5652:
5648:
5639:
5635:
5626:
5619:
5612:
5608:
5599:
5595:
5587:
5583:
5574:
5570:
5565:
5561:
5552:
5548:
5539:
5535:
5526:
5522:
5513:
5509:
5500:
5499:
5495:
5486:
5485:
5481:
5454:
5450:
5441:
5440:
5436:
5427:
5426:
5422:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5399:
5395:
5382:
5378:
5369:
5365:
5356:
5352:
5343:
5339:
5330:
5326:
5317:
5313:
5304:
5300:
5291:
5287:
5278:
5274:
5265:
5258:
5249:
5245:
5236:
5232:
5227:
5223:
5214:
5210:
5201:
5197:
5188:
5184:
5175:
5171:
5154:
5150:
5141:
5137:
5128:
5124:
5115:
5111:
5102:
5098:
5089:
5085:
5076:
5069:
5060:
5056:
5047:
5043:
5034:
5030:
5021:
5017:
5004:
5000:
4991:
4987:
4974:
4970:
4957:
4953:
4940:
4936:
4911:
4907:
4879:and the modern
4874:
4870:
4861:
4857:
4849:
4845:
4836:
4832:
4823:
4819:
4810:
4806:
4798:
4794:
4785:
4781:
4767:
4763:
4750:
4746:
4737:
4733:
4724:
4720:
4711:
4707:
4698:
4694:
4680:
4676:
4667:
4663:
4650:
4646:
4637:
4633:
4624:
4620:
4612:
4605:
4592:
4588:
4579:
4575:
4549:
4542:
4525:
4521:
4515:Buragohain 1988
4512:
4508:
4500:
4496:
4488:
4484:
4475:
4471:
4462:
4458:
4449:
4445:
4408:
4404:
4391:
4387:
4381:Buragohain 2013
4378:
4374:
4365:
4361:
4348:
4344:
4338:Buragohain 1988
4327:
4320:
4311:
4307:
4298:
4294:
4285:
4281:
4274:
4258:
4254:
4241:
4237:
4228:
4221:
4212:
4208:
4199:
4195:
4191:, pp. 6â7)
4187:
4183:
4174:
4170:
4161:
4157:
4148:
4144:
4131:
4127:
4118:
4111:
4106:
4097:
4093:
4089:
4032:
4024:
4012:
4010:Music and dance
4007:
4001:
3984:
3972:Umananda temple
3964:Basistha temple
3956:Hatimura temple
3944:Rangnath temple
3920:
3896:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3888:
3887:
3877:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:Pramatta Singha
3856:
3847:
3846:
3840:
3721:
3700:
3561:
3553:Main articles:
3551:
3488:
3440:
3412:Manipur Kingdom
3402:Jaintia Kingdom
3336:
3293:Mohongor Gohain
3289:Mohongia Gohain
3263:Chutiya kingdom
3259:Dihingia Gohain
3219:Banrukia Gohain
3179:Kachari kingdom
3074:
3010:
3008:Other officials
2861:
2856:
2832:Main articles:
2818:
2806:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2685:
2682:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2584:Rajeswar Singha
2560:
2555:
2542:
2507:
2490:
2442:
2436:
2414:
2406:Main articles:
2404:
2392:
2349:
2346:Rajeswar Singha
2320:
2317:Pramatta Singha
2311:Pramatta Singha
2289:
2244:
2200:
2197:Gadadhar Singha
2194:
2186:Main articles:
2184:
2122:
2090:
2047:
2040:
2028:Main articles:
2026:
1962:Kachari kingdom
1937:
1927:
1925:Kachari kingdom
1915:Main articles:
1913:
1892:singarigharutha
1852:
1843:
1768:Chao-Phrungmung
1752:
1727:veered towards
1711:Southeast Asian
1661:
1655:
1633:), but adopted
1564:Yunnan Province
1548:Northeast India
1534:kingdom in the
1509:
1505:
1490:
1461:
1460:
1455:1833–1838
1451:Purandar Singha
1442:1821–1822
1438:Jogeswar Singha
1429:1819–1821
1416:1818–1819
1412:Purandar Singha
1403:1811–1818
1390:1795–1811
1377:1780–1795
1364:1769–1780
1351:1751–1769
1338:1744–1751
1325:1714–1744
1312:1696–1714
1299:1681–1696
1286:1679–1681
1273:1677–1679
1260:1675–1677
1247:1675–1675
1234:1674–1675
1221:1672–1674
1208:1670–1672
1195:1663–1670
1182:1648–1663
1169:1644–1648
1156:1641–1644
1143:1603–1641
1130:1552–1603
1117:1539–1552
1104:1497–1539
1091:1493–1497
1078:1488–1493
1065:1439–1488
1052:1422–1439
1039:1407–1422
1026:1397–1407
1013:1389–1397
1001:1380–1389
988:1376–1380
976:1369–1376
963:1364–1369
951:1332–1364
938:1293–1332
925:1281–1293
912:1268–1281
899:1228–1268
885:
857:
828:
800:
799:
785:
777:
776:
767:
759:
758:
744:
736:
735:
696:
688:
687:
658:
650:
649:
625:
585:
563:
549:
524:
510:
467:
457:
421:
408:
395:
382:
369:
356:
343:
316:Purandar Singha
312:
300:
288:
276:
264:
206:
180:
166:
162:
123:
119:
112:
105:
93:
88:
64:
50:
49:
46:
29:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
8026:
8016:
8015:
8010:
8005:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7985:
7980:
7975:
7926:
7925:
7915:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7903:
7898:
7896:Assam Movement
7893:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7880:
7878:
7877:
7875:Assam Province
7872:
7870:Colonial Assam
7866:
7864:
7863:Colonial Assam
7860:
7859:
7857:
7856:
7851:
7849:Kamata Kingdom
7846:
7841:
7836:
7830:
7828:
7827:Medieval Assam
7824:
7823:
7816:
7814:
7812:
7811:
7806:
7800:
7798:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7790:
7784:
7781:
7780:
7773:
7772:
7765:
7758:
7750:
7741:
7740:
7738:
7737:
7732:
7727:
7721:
7718:
7717:
7715:
7714:
7709:
7704:
7699:
7694:
7689:
7684:
7679:
7674:
7669:
7664:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7644:
7639:
7633:
7631:
7627:
7626:
7624:
7623:
7620:
7617:
7612:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7584:
7581:
7576:
7571:
7568:
7563:
7554:
7549:
7544:
7539:
7537:Borpatrogohain
7534:
7529:
7524:
7519:
7514:
7509:
7499:
7497:
7493:
7492:
7490:
7489:
7484:
7483:
7482:
7477:
7472:
7467:
7462:
7452:
7451:
7450:
7445:
7440:
7435:
7430:
7420:
7414:
7412:
7406:
7405:
7403:
7402:
7397:
7392:
7387:
7382:
7377:
7372:
7367:
7362:
7357:
7352:
7350:Music of Assam
7347:
7342:
7337:
7332:
7327:
7322:
7317:
7312:
7307:
7302:
7297:
7292:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7266:
7264:
7245:
7244:
7242:
7241:
7225:
7220:
7215:
7213:Sattriya Dance
7210:
7205:
7200:
7195:
7194:
7193:
7188:
7178:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7152:
7150:
7144:
7143:
7141:
7140:
7131:
7126:
7121:
7116:
7111:
7106:
7101:
7096:
7091:
7085:
7083:
7077:
7076:
7073:
7072:
7070:
7069:
7064:
7059:
7053:
7051:
7045:
7044:
7042:
7041:
7036:
7031:
7026:
7021:
7016:
7011:
7006:
7001:
6995:
6993:
6987:
6986:
6984:
6983:
6978:
6973:
6968:
6963:
6958:
6952:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6941:
6940:
6935:
6930:
6925:
6920:
6915:
6910:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6884:
6882:
6876:
6875:
6873:
6872:
6867:
6862:
6857:
6851:
6849:
6840:
6830:
6829:
6827:
6826:
6821:
6816:
6811:
6806:
6801:
6796:
6791:
6785:
6783:
6781:Administration
6777:
6776:
6774:
6773:
6768:
6763:
6758:
6753:
6748:
6743:
6741:Colonial Assam
6738:
6733:
6728:
6726:Kamata Kingdom
6723:
6721:Chutia Kingdom
6718:
6712:
6710:
6704:
6703:
6701:
6700:
6698:Assam Regiment
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6664:
6663:
6653:
6648:
6643:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6622:
6620:
6614:
6613:
6611:
6610:
6601:
6592:
6583:
6574:
6564:
6562:
6556:
6555:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6522:
6521:
6514:
6507:
6499:
6492:
6491:
6465:
6456:
6447:
6441:
6426:
6417:
6388:
6379:
6350:
6345:
6327:
6318:
6286:
6277:
6268:
6259:
6250:
6241:
6221:
6212:
6198:
6181:
6152:
6139:
6110:
6105:
6092:
6063:
6052:
6029:
6013:
5990:
5980:
5978:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5954:
5914:
5908:
5888:
5875:
5861:
5847:
5844:. p. 429.
5833:
5820:
5817:. p. 400.
5806:
5778:
5743:
5730:
5714:
5701:
5688:
5675:
5659:
5646:
5633:
5617:
5606:
5593:
5581:
5577:Chaudhury 1997
5568:
5559:
5546:
5533:
5520:
5507:
5493:
5479:
5448:
5434:
5431:. p. 442.
5420:
5406:
5393:
5376:
5363:
5350:
5337:
5335:, p. 577)
5324:
5311:
5298:
5285:
5272:
5256:
5243:
5241:, p. 302)
5230:
5221:
5208:
5195:
5182:
5169:
5157:Barpatragohain
5148:
5135:
5122:
5109:
5096:
5083:
5067:
5054:
5041:
5028:
5015:
4998:
4985:
4983:, p. 227)
4968:
4951:
4934:
4905:
4868:
4855:
4843:
4830:
4817:
4804:
4802:, p. 224)
4792:
4779:
4761:
4744:
4731:
4718:
4705:
4692:
4674:
4661:
4644:
4631:
4618:
4603:
4586:
4573:
4540:
4519:
4506:
4494:
4482:
4469:
4456:
4443:
4402:
4385:
4372:
4359:
4342:
4318:
4305:
4292:
4279:
4272:
4252:
4235:
4219:
4206:
4193:
4181:
4168:
4155:
4142:
4125:
4108:
4107:
4105:
4104:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4053:
4051:Ramani Gabharu
4048:
4043:
4038:
4031:
4028:
4023:
4020:
4011:
4008:
4003:Main article:
4000:
3997:
3989:Sivasagar tank
3983:
3980:
3919:
3916:
3895:
3892:
3878:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3857:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3799:apaikan chamua
3773:, Chiring and
3758:Chiring Phukan
3728:Satgharia Ahom
3720:
3717:
3699:
3696:
3654:
3653:
3650:
3646:
3645:
3642:
3638:
3637:
3634:
3630:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3621:
3618:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3555:Ahom artillery
3550:
3547:
3487:
3484:
3439:
3438:Paik officials
3436:
3422:The states of
3420:
3419:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3407:Dimasa Kingdom
3404:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3386:
3383:
3380:
3377:
3364:
3359:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3309:
3308:
3301:Chutia kingdom
3286:
3279:Jagiyal Gohain
3276:
3266:
3256:
3253:Chutia kingdom
3242:
3239:Chutia kingdom
3232:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3200:
3182:
3172:
3169:Chutia kingdom
3111:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3073:
3070:
3009:
3006:
2940:Royal officers
2934:Borpatrogohain
2860:
2857:
2846:Borpatrogohain
2817:
2814:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2785:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2771:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2747:
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2742:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2700:
2699:
2688:
2679:
2668:
2657:
2646:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2568:Burmese regime
2559:
2556:
2554:
2551:
2541:
2538:
2506:
2503:
2489:
2486:
2438:Main article:
2435:
2432:
2403:
2400:
2389:Lakshmi Singha
2361:Barjana Gohain
2225:riding litter
2183:
2180:
2170:Following the
2121:
2118:
2089:
2088:Koch relations
2086:
2025:
2022:
1994:Borpatrogohain
1982:Swarganarayana
1955:Karatoya river
1950:Chutia kingdom
1917:Chutia kingdom
1912:
1909:
1904:Dimasa kingdom
1842:
1839:
1835:Kamata kingdom
1831:Chutia kingdom
1798:and many such
1776:Chao-Thaonmung
1756:place to place
1751:
1745:
1699:their language
1657:Main article:
1654:
1651:
1631:casket of gold
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1481:
1474:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1453:
1448:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1427:
1422:
1418:
1417:
1414:
1409:
1405:
1404:
1401:
1396:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1378:
1375:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1344:
1340:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1323:
1318:
1314:
1313:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1300:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1258:
1253:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1162:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1136:
1132:
1131:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1110:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1097:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1058:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
994:
990:
989:
986:
981:
978:
977:
974:
969:
965:
964:
961:
956:
953:
952:
949:
944:
940:
939:
936:
931:
927:
926:
923:
918:
914:
913:
910:
905:
901:
900:
897:
892:
886:
883:
882:
879:
878:
870:
869:
859:
858:
856:
855:
848:
841:
833:
830:
829:
827:
826:
821:
816:
810:
807:
806:
802:
801:
798:
797:
792:
786:
783:
782:
779:
778:
775:
774:
772:Assam Movement
768:
765:
764:
761:
760:
757:
756:
754:Assam Province
751:
749:Colonial Assam
745:
742:
741:
738:
737:
734:
733:
728:
723:
718:
713:
711:Kamata Kingdom
708:
706:Dimasa Kingdom
703:
701:Chutia Kingdom
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
686:
685:
680:
675:
673:Davaka dynasty
670:
668:Varman dynasty
665:
659:
656:
655:
652:
651:
648:
647:
642:
640:Bhauma dynasty
637:
635:Danava dynasty
632:
626:
624:Proto-historic
623:
622:
619:
618:
610:
609:
603:
602:
590:
589:
580:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
560:
558:Colonial Assam
554:
553:
546:
537:
534:
533:
531:Chutia Kingdom
528:
520:
519:
514:
502:
501:
496:
486:
485:
480:
476:
475:
472:
471:
468:
465:
462:
461:
458:
455:
452:
451:
448:
447:
443:
442:
439:
435:
434:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
416:
413:
412:
409:
403:
400:
399:
396:
390:
387:
386:
383:
377:
374:
373:
370:
364:
361:
360:
357:
351:
348:
347:
344:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
323:
322:
319:
318:
313:
310:
307:
306:
301:
298:
295:
294:
289:
286:
283:
282:
277:
274:
271:
270:
265:
262:
259:
258:
255:
254:
251:
244:
243:
228:
224:
223:
214:
208:
207:
205:
204:
199:
194:
174:
172:
168:
167:
165:
164:
155:court language
148:
145:court language
131:
129:
125:
124:
122:
121:
114:
107:
100:
95:
90:
82:
80:
76:
75:
70:
66:
65:
62:
52:
51:
47:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
30:
27:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8025:
8014:
8011:
8009:
8006:
8004:
8001:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7984:
7981:
7979:
7976:
7974:
7971:
7970:
7968:
7961:
7958:
7923:
7913:
7907:
7904:
7902:
7899:
7897:
7894:
7892:
7889:
7888:
7886:
7882:
7876:
7873:
7871:
7868:
7867:
7865:
7861:
7855:
7852:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7835:
7832:
7831:
7829:
7825:
7820:
7810:
7807:
7805:
7802:
7801:
7799:
7797:Ancient Assam
7795:
7789:
7786:
7785:
7782:
7778:
7771:
7766:
7764:
7759:
7757:
7752:
7751:
7748:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7730:Hindu Temples
7728:
7726:
7723:
7722:
7719:
7713:
7710:
7708:
7705:
7703:
7700:
7698:
7695:
7693:
7690:
7688:
7685:
7683:
7680:
7678:
7675:
7673:
7670:
7668:
7665:
7663:
7660:
7658:
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7634:
7632:
7628:
7621:
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7585:
7582:
7580:
7577:
7575:
7572:
7569:
7567:
7564:
7562:
7560:
7555:
7553:
7550:
7548:
7545:
7543:
7540:
7538:
7535:
7533:
7530:
7528:
7525:
7523:
7520:
7518:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7508:
7506:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7494:
7488:
7485:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7471:
7468:
7466:
7463:
7461:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7453:
7449:
7446:
7444:
7441:
7439:
7436:
7434:
7431:
7429:
7426:
7425:
7424:
7421:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7413:
7411:
7407:
7401:
7398:
7396:
7393:
7391:
7388:
7386:
7383:
7381:
7378:
7376:
7373:
7371:
7368:
7366:
7363:
7361:
7358:
7356:
7353:
7351:
7348:
7346:
7343:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7333:
7331:
7328:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7316:
7313:
7311:
7308:
7306:
7303:
7301:
7298:
7296:
7293:
7291:
7288:
7286:
7285:List of poets
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7267:
7265:
7263:
7259:
7254:
7250:
7246:
7240:
7238:
7234:
7229:
7226:
7224:
7221:
7219:
7216:
7214:
7211:
7209:
7206:
7204:
7201:
7199:
7196:
7192:
7189:
7187:
7184:
7183:
7182:
7179:
7177:
7174:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7153:
7151:
7149:
7145:
7139:
7137:
7132:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7120:
7117:
7115:
7112:
7110:
7107:
7105:
7102:
7100:
7097:
7095:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7086:
7084:
7082:
7078:
7068:
7065:
7063:
7060:
7058:
7055:
7054:
7052:
7050:
7046:
7040:
7037:
7035:
7032:
7030:
7027:
7025:
7022:
7020:
7017:
7015:
7012:
7010:
7007:
7005:
7002:
7000:
6997:
6996:
6994:
6992:
6988:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6966:Karbi Anglong
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6949:
6948:Central Assam
6945:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6924:
6921:
6919:
6916:
6914:
6911:
6909:
6906:
6904:
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6881:
6877:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6861:
6858:
6856:
6853:
6852:
6850:
6848:
6844:
6841:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6778:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6711:
6709:
6705:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6662:
6659:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6615:
6609:
6605:
6602:
6600:
6596:
6593:
6591:
6587:
6584:
6582:
6578:
6575:
6573:
6569:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6560:State symbols
6557:
6553:
6552:
6547:
6542:
6538:
6534:
6520:
6515:
6513:
6508:
6506:
6501:
6500:
6497:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6472:
6466:
6462:
6457:
6453:
6448:
6444:
6438:
6434:
6433:
6427:
6423:
6418:
6414:
6410:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6394:
6389:
6385:
6380:
6376:
6372:
6368:
6364:
6360:
6356:
6351:
6348:
6346:9780521299442
6342:
6338:
6337:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6319:
6316:
6312:
6308:
6304:
6300:
6296:
6292:
6287:
6283:
6278:
6274:
6269:
6265:
6260:
6256:
6251:
6247:
6242:
6239:
6235:
6231:
6227:
6222:
6218:
6213:
6206:
6205:
6199:
6195:
6191:
6187:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6170:
6166:
6162:
6158:
6153:
6149:
6145:
6140:
6136:
6132:
6128:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6111:
6108:
6106:9788121200691
6102:
6098:
6093:
6089:
6085:
6081:
6077:
6073:
6069:
6064:
6060:
6059:
6053:
6049:
6043:
6035:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6014:
6010:
6004:
5996:
5991:
5987:
5982:
5981:
5967:
5966:
5958:
5951:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5933:
5929:
5925:
5918:
5911:
5909:9788185067100
5905:
5901:
5900:
5892:
5885:
5879:
5871:
5865:
5857:
5851:
5843:
5837:
5830:
5824:
5816:
5810:
5791:
5790:
5782:
5763:
5762:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5740:
5734:
5727:
5721:
5719:
5711:
5705:
5698:
5692:
5685:
5679:
5672:
5666:
5664:
5656:
5650:
5643:
5637:
5630:
5624:
5622:
5615:
5610:
5603:
5597:
5591:, p. 31.
5590:
5585:
5578:
5572:
5563:
5556:
5550:
5543:
5537:
5530:
5524:
5517:
5511:
5504:. p. 32.
5503:
5497:
5490:. p. 32.
5489:
5483:
5475:
5471:
5467:
5463:
5459:
5452:
5444:
5438:
5430:
5424:
5416:
5410:
5403:
5397:
5390:
5386:
5380:
5373:
5367:
5360:
5354:
5347:
5341:
5334:
5328:
5321:
5315:
5308:
5302:
5295:
5289:
5282:
5276:
5269:
5263:
5261:
5253:
5247:
5240:
5234:
5225:
5218:
5212:
5205:
5199:
5192:
5186:
5179:
5173:
5166:
5162:
5158:
5152:
5145:
5139:
5132:
5126:
5119:
5113:
5106:
5100:
5093:
5087:
5080:
5074:
5072:
5064:
5058:
5051:
5045:
5038:
5032:
5025:
5019:
5012:
5008:
5002:
4995:
4989:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4965:
4961:
4955:
4948:
4944:
4938:
4931:
4927:
4923:
4919:
4915:
4909:
4903:, p. 50)
4902:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4865:
4859:
4852:
4847:
4840:
4834:
4827:
4821:
4814:
4808:
4801:
4796:
4789:
4783:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4758:
4754:
4748:
4741:
4735:
4728:
4722:
4715:
4709:
4702:
4696:
4689:
4684:
4678:
4671:
4665:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4641:
4635:
4628:
4622:
4616:, p. 13)
4615:
4610:
4608:
4600:
4596:
4590:
4583:
4577:
4570:
4565:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4547:
4545:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4523:
4516:
4510:
4503:
4498:
4491:
4486:
4479:
4473:
4466:
4460:
4453:
4447:
4440:
4436:
4432:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4406:
4400:, p. 51)
4399:
4395:
4389:
4382:
4376:
4370:, p. 25)
4369:
4363:
4356:
4352:
4346:
4339:
4335:
4331:
4325:
4323:
4315:
4309:
4302:
4296:
4289:
4283:
4275:
4269:
4265:
4264:
4256:
4248:
4247:
4239:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4216:
4215:Hazarika 1987
4210:
4203:
4197:
4190:
4185:
4178:
4172:
4165:
4159:
4152:
4146:
4138:
4137:
4129:
4122:
4116:
4114:
4109:
4101:
4095:
4091:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4033:
4027:
4019:
4017:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3993:Jaysagar tank
3990:
3979:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3953:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3901:
3885:
3881:
3875:
3864:
3860:
3854:
3835:
3833:
3832:Pratap Singha
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3809:
3808:paikan chamua
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3734:
3729:
3725:
3716:
3712:
3710:
3706:
3695:
3691:
3689:
3685:
3681:
3675:
3673:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3611:
3609:Paik Officer
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3594:
3590:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3565:
3560:
3556:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3515:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3483:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3469:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3453:
3449:
3445:
3435:
3433:
3429:
3425:
3417:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3400:
3399:
3398:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3353:
3349:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3312:
3306:
3302:
3298:
3294:
3290:
3287:
3284:
3280:
3277:
3274:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3236:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3176:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3162:
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3151:Raidangia mel
3148:
3143:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3116:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3083:
3082:
3081:
3079:
3069:
3067:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3015:
3005:
3003:
2999:
2998:Ahom language
2995:
2991:
2988:was made the
2987:
2986:Patra Mantris
2983:
2982:Patra Mantris
2979:
2978:Patra Mantris
2975:
2973:
2969:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2944:Pratap Singha
2941:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2883:primogeniture
2880:
2876:
2872:
2871:Ahom language
2868:
2867:
2855:
2851:
2847:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2827:
2822:
2813:
2811:
2796:
2794:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2783:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2701:
2698:
2689:
2687:
2680:
2678:
2669:
2667:
2658:
2655:
2654:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2606:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2573:
2572:Pratap Singha
2569:
2565:
2550:
2548:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2502:
2500:
2496:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2347:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2318:
2314:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2287:
2280:
2275:
2271:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2242:
2238:
2236:
2232:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2213:
2209:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2168:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2117:
2116:permanently.
2115:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2082:
2078:
2077:Patra Mantris
2074:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2056:
2045:
2044:Pratap Singha
2039:
2035:
2031:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1990:Rajputisation
1987:
1983:
1973:
1969:
1967:
1963:
1958:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1935:
1934:Dihingia Raja
1932:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1908:
1905:
1900:
1896:
1894:
1893:
1888:
1884:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1850:
1849:Bamuni Konwar
1847:
1838:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1791:
1789:
1788:Mughal Empire
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1666:
1660:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1627:xunor-xophura
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1562:(present-day
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1546:expansion in
1545:
1541:
1538:(present-day
1537:
1533:
1532:late medieval
1527:
1503:
1499:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1475:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1441:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1389:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1374:
1373:Suhitpangphaa
1371:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1289:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1233:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1185:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1172:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1004:
1000:
998:
995:
992:
991:
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:
975:
973:
970:
967:
966:
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:
950:
948:
945:
942:
941:
937:
935:
932:
929:
928:
924:
922:
919:
916:
915:
911:
909:
906:
903:
902:
898:
896:
893:
890:
889:
881:
880:
876:
872:
871:
868:
865:
864:
854:
849:
847:
842:
840:
835:
834:
832:
831:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
811:
809:
808:
804:
803:
796:
793:
791:
788:
787:
781:
780:
773:
770:
769:
763:
762:
755:
752:
750:
747:
746:
740:
739:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
698:
695:Late Medieval
692:
691:
684:
681:
679:
676:
674:
671:
669:
666:
664:
661:
660:
654:
653:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
633:
631:
628:
627:
621:
620:
616:
612:
611:
608:
605:
604:
600:
596:
595:
588:
584:
581:
579:Today part of
577:
561:
559:
556:
555:
547:
545:
542:
541:
538:
532:
529:
522:
521:
518:
515:
508:
507:
504:
503:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
487:
484:
481:
477:
473:
469:
463:
459:
453:
449:
444:
440:
436:
431:
427:
423:
420:
414:
410:
407:
401:
397:
394:
388:
384:
381:
375:
371:
368:
362:
358:
355:
349:
345:
342:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
317:
314:
308:
305:
302:
296:
293:
290:
284:
281:
278:
272:
269:
266:
260:
256:
252:
249:
245:
242:
239:
235:
232:
229:
225:
222:
218:
215:
213:
209:
203:
200:
198:
195:
192:
188:
184:
179:
178:Ahom religion
176:
175:
173:
169:
160:
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
141:
140:lingua franca
136:
133:
132:
130:
126:
118:
115:
111:
108:
104:
101:
99:
96:
91:
87:
84:
83:
81:
77:
74:
71:
67:
58:
53:
44:
37:
32:
22:
19:
7973:Ahom kingdom
7930:
7834:Ahom kingdom
7833:
7558:
7504:
7325:Kirtan Ghoxa
7230:
7135:
7049:Barak Valley
6923:Kamrup Metro
6761:Assam Accord
6731:Ahom kingdom
6730:
6693:Assam Rifles
6631:Biodiversity
6549:
6483:. Retrieved
6480:10603/116167
6470:
6460:
6451:
6431:
6421:
6396:
6392:
6383:
6358:
6354:
6335:
6322:
6301:(12): 3â34,
6298:
6294:
6281:
6272:
6263:
6254:
6245:
6229:
6216:
6203:
6185:
6160:
6156:
6147:
6143:
6118:
6114:
6096:
6071:
6067:
6057:
6033:
6024:
6020:
5994:
5985:
5964:
5957:
5931:
5927:
5917:
5898:
5891:
5878:
5869:
5864:
5855:
5850:
5841:
5836:
5823:
5814:
5809:
5799:23 September
5797:. Retrieved
5788:
5781:
5771:22 September
5769:. Retrieved
5760:
5733:
5704:
5691:
5678:
5649:
5636:
5609:
5596:
5584:
5571:
5562:
5549:
5536:
5523:
5510:
5501:
5496:
5487:
5482:
5465:
5461:
5451:
5442:
5437:
5428:
5423:
5417:. p. 2.
5414:
5409:
5396:
5384:
5379:
5366:
5353:
5340:
5327:
5314:
5301:
5288:
5275:
5246:
5233:
5224:
5211:
5198:
5185:
5172:
5160:
5156:
5151:
5138:
5125:
5112:
5099:
5086:
5057:
5044:
5031:
5018:
5006:
5001:
4988:
4981:Baruah (1986
4971:
4954:
4942:
4937:
4925:
4921:
4917:
4913:
4908:
4896:
4892:
4888:
4884:
4880:
4876:
4871:
4858:
4846:
4833:
4820:
4807:
4800:Baruah (1986
4795:
4782:
4769:
4764:
4752:
4747:
4734:
4721:
4708:
4695:
4682:
4677:
4664:
4652:
4647:
4634:
4621:
4594:
4589:
4576:
4563:
4559:
4555:
4551:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4509:
4502:Baruah (1986
4497:
4485:
4472:
4459:
4446:
4434:
4430:
4426:
4422:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4405:
4393:
4388:
4375:
4362:
4345:
4333:
4329:
4308:
4295:
4282:
4262:
4255:
4245:
4238:
4209:
4196:
4189:Sarkar (1992
4184:
4171:
4158:
4145:
4135:
4128:
4100:King Sutamla
4094:
4036:Ahom dynasty
4025:
4013:
3985:
3960:Kedar temple
3921:
3900:Talatal Ghar
3897:
3894:Architecture
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3795:
3790:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3731:
3727:
3722:
3713:
3701:
3692:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3671:
3668:
3663:
3659:
3657:
3600:
3596:
3570:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3516:
3507:
3504:Rudra Singha
3489:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3448:corvee labor
3446:, a form of
3441:
3431:
3421:
3396:
3375:Koch dynasty
3356:Koch dynasty
3339:
3337:
3310:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3278:
3268:
3258:
3244:
3234:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3209:and Dimarua.
3202:
3185:Solal Gohain
3184:
3174:
3160:
3155:
3150:
3146:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3118:
3114:
3112:
3106:
3100:
3088:
3085:Charing Raja
3084:
3077:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3021:
3011:
3001:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2976:
2959:
2955:
2939:
2938:
2924:
2916:
2912:
2896:
2895:
2886:
2874:
2864:
2862:
2826:Rudra Singha
2807:
2804:Urbanization
2711:1,12,48,286
2692:
2683:
2672:
2661:
2598:Aristocracy
2581:
2576:
2561:
2553:Demographics
2543:
2534:
2508:
2495:Rudra Singha
2491:
2456:, a type of
2451:
2415:
2344:
2315:
2296:
2284:
2263:
2241:Rudra Singha
2239:
2229:The rule of
2228:
2195:
2169:
2149:Mir Jumla II
2142:
2128:. Ahom king
2123:
2091:
2080:
2076:
2058:
2041:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1966:Kolong River
1959:
1933:
1928:
1901:
1897:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1876:
1867:
1863:
1848:
1844:
1826:
1820:
1799:
1795:
1792:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1753:
1747:
1662:
1659:Ahom dynasty
1634:
1618:
1600:
1558:prince from
1501:
1498:Ahom kingdom
1497:
1495:
1308:Sukhrungphaa
1008:
983:
958:
934:Sukhaangphaa
867:Ahom dynasty
814:Architecture
766:Contemporary
721:Koch kingdom
716:Ahom kingdom
715:
683:Pala dynasty
499:Succeeded by
498:
493:
483:Ahom coinage
466:⢠1833
456:⢠1711
304:Sukhrungphaa
238:Aristocratic
231:Bureaucratic
158:
154:
144:
138:
18:
7983:Tai history
7952: /
7854:Baro-Bhuyan
7630:Urban areas
7557:Choudhury (
7552:Chakraborty
7547:Burhagohain
7360:Tokari Geet
7305:The Hemkosh
6991:Upper Assam
6880:Lower Assam
6847:North Assam
6361:: 888â893.
6238:10603/61119
6194:10603/61119
6163:: 570â580.
6121:: 249â256.
5997:, New Delhi
5884:Baruah 1986
5589:Guha (1978)
5555:Bhuyan 1949
5389:Baruah 1986
5346:Baruah 1986
5333:Baruah 1978
5191:Baruah 1986
5161:Vrhat-Patra
5079:Baruah 1986
5063:Baruah 1986
5050:Baruah 1986
5024:Baruah 1986
4964:Baruah 1986
4930:Baruah 1986
4901:Masica 1993
4826:Baruah 1986
4788:Phukan 1992
4775:Phukan 1992
4757:Baruah 1986
4740:Phukan 1992
4727:Phukan 1992
4701:Baruah 1986
4657:Sarkar 1992
4653:kaghazi raj
4640:Baruah 1986
4599:Phukan 1992
4595:Che-Tam-Doi
4569:Baruah 1986
4536:Baruah 1986
4465:Baruah 1986
4398:Phukan 1992
4355:Phukan 1991
4314:Saikia 2004
4177:Sarkar 1992
4164:Gohain 1974
4071:Paik system
3912:Kareng Ghar
3884:Siva Singha
3738:Burhagohain
3660:Ghora Barua
3486:Land survey
3454:, and four
3444:Paik system
3107:Namrup Raja
2960:Swargadeo's
2921:Burhagohain
2905:Burhagohain
2838:Burhagohain
2763:30,00,000+
2607:Karni Paik
2499:Siva Singha
2474:Paik system
2454:Paik system
2440:Paik system
2418:Paik system
2412:Paik system
2367:whose king
2301:Phuleshwari
2286:Siva Singha
2279:Siva Singha
2161:Manas river
2157:Manas river
2114:Manas river
2055:Paik system
1921:Baro-Bhuyan
1804:Ahomisation
1784:kaghazi raj
1764:Burhagohain
1750:(1228â1401)
1739:led to the
1737:Siva Singha
1707:North India
1681:Upper Assam
1669:Brahmaputra
1629:; English:
1621:till 1401 (
1611:Ahom people
1607:Ahomisation
1386:Suklingphaa
1139:Susenghphaa
1126:Sukhaamphaa
1009:Interregnum
997:Tyao Khamti
984:Interregnum
959:Interregnum
947:Sukhrangpha
726:Baro-Bhuyan
494:Preceded by
292:Susenghphaa
250:, Swargadeo
120:(1794â1826)
113:(1707â1794)
106:(1540â1707)
89:(1253â1397)
7967:Categories
7940:94°44â˛53âłE
7937:26°55â˛59âłN
7642:Bongaigaon
7335:Naam Ghosa
7253:literature
7191:Bihu dance
7134:Halflong (
7062:Hailakandi
6956:Dima Hasao
6898:Bongaigaon
6809:High Court
6789:Government
6756:Assam Mail
6688:Assam silk
6485:31 January
6442:082238616X
6230:University
6150:: 463â471.
5977:References
5829:Gogoi 2006
5739:Gogoi 2002
5697:Gogoi 1968
5671:Gogoi 2002
5655:Gogoi 2002
5642:Gogoi 2002
5629:Gogoi 2006
5602:Gogoi 2002
5529:Gogoi 2002
5516:Gogoi 2002
5402:Gogoi 1968
5372:Gogoi 1968
5359:Gogoi 1968
5239:Gogoi 1968
4893:Shan/Shyam
4851:Guha (1983
4614:Guha (1983
4552:Durga Puja
4490:Guha (1983
4439:Gogoi 2002
4417:, p6; the
4368:Gogoi 2002
4288:Dutta 1985
3820:bandi-beti
3812:kanri paik
3785:and Nara (
3664:Hati Barua
3581:elephantry
3539:tamrapatra
3533:). As the
3101:Tipam Raja
2930:Suhungmung
2824:Ahom king
2779:24,00,000
2749:28,80,000
2735:16,00,000
2721:24,40,000
2706:16,80,000
2693:population
2684:population
2673:population
2662:population
2644:24,00,000
2641:15,60,000
2558:Population
2369:Jay Singha
2277:Ahom King
2163:after the
2126:Shah Jahan
1931:Suhungmung
1864:Burhaohain
1846:Sudangphaa
1818:kingdoms.
1808:Suhungmung
1770:) and the
1647:Mong Kwang
1576:Suhungmung
1425:Sudingphaa
1399:Sudingphaa
1360:Sunyeophaa
1243:Gobar Roja
1217:Suklamphaa
1204:Sunyatphaa
1191:Supangmung
1165:Sutingphaa
1113:Suklenmung
1100:Suhungmung
1048:Suphakphaa
1035:Sujangphaa
1022:Sudangphaa
805:Categories
446:Population
280:Suhungmung
227:Government
212:Demonym(s)
181:from 1648:
7697:Sivasagar
7682:Karimganj
7652:Dibrugarh
7622:Sutradhar
7542:Borphukan
7532:Borgohain
7186:Bagurumba
7081:Geography
7067:Karimganj
7034:Sivasagar
7024:Lakhimpur
7004:Dibrugarh
6999:Charaideo
6913:Kokrajhar
6855:Biswanath
6838:divisions
6834:Districts
6804:Governors
6683:Assam tea
6656:Education
6626:Etymology
6405:2249-1937
6367:2249-1937
6169:2249-1937
6127:2249-1937
6042:cite book
5542:Guha 1978
5404::793â811)
5320:Guha 1983
5307:Guha 1983
5294:Guha 1983
5281:Guha 1983
5268:Guha 1983
5252:Guha 1983
5217:Guha 1983
5204:Guha 1983
5178:Guha 1983
5165:Guha 1983
5144:Guha 1983
5131:Guha 1983
5118:Guha 1983
5105:Guha 1983
5092:Guha 1983
5037:Guha 1983
5011:Guha 1983
4994:Guha 1983
4977:Susenphaa
4960:Suhenphaa
4947:Guha 1983
4864:Guha 1983
4839:Guha 1983
4813:Guha 1983
4714:Guha 1983
4688:Guha 1983
4670:Guha 1983
4627:Guha 1983
4582:Guha 1983
4478:Guha 1983
4452:Guha 1983
4433:, pp3,5;
4301:Guha 1983
4231:Dutt 1958
4202:Guha 1978
4151:Guha 1983
4121:Guha 1983
3908:Gola Ghar
3904:Rang Ghar
3787:Mongkawng
3762:exogamous
3742:Borgohain
3724:Subinphaa
3709:Borphukan
3633:Hazarika
3625:Rajkhowa
3589:espionage
3585:artillery
3559:Ahom Army
3535:perakagaz
3527:perakakat
3523:perakagaz
3491:Supatphaa
3458:formed a
3329:Tapakuchi
3229:Tingkhong
3193:Borphukan
3119:meldangia
3090:Swargadeo
3072:Governors
3043:Borphukan
3018:Borphukan
3002:Shenglung
2990:Rajmantri
2956:Dangarias
2952:Borphukan
2909:Borgohain
2897:Dangarias
2887:Dangarias
2866:Swargadeo
2854:Borphukan
2842:Borgohain
2834:Swargadeo
2797:2,50,000
2690:Estimated
2681:Estimated
2675:by Bhuyan
2670:Estimated
2659:Estimated
2638:6,00,000
2635:2,16,000
2332:Rudreswar
2328:Rang Ghar
2145:Aurangzeb
2143:In 1662,
2094:Koch Hajo
2069:Borphukan
2010:Borgohain
1986:Swargadeo
1868:Borgohain
1772:Borgohain
1760:Charaideo
1347:Suremphaa
1334:Sunenphaa
1321:Sutanphaa
1295:Supatphaa
1282:Sulikphaa
1269:Sudoiphaa
1256:Sujinphaa
1152:Suramphaa
1087:Supimphaa
1074:Suhenphaa
1061:Susenphaa
921:Subinphaa
908:Suteuphaa
460:2,880,000
385:1615â1682
234:feudalism
171:Religion
92:Charagua
86:Charaideo
34:1228â1826
7922:Category
7809:Kamarupa
7712:Tinsukia
7672:Guwahati
7667:Golaghat
7662:Goalpara
7605:Majumdar
7595:Hazarika
7527:Borbarua
7370:Hiranaam
7365:Dihanaam
7119:Dhansiri
7039:Tinsukia
7014:Golaghat
6976:Morigaon
6928:Goalpara
6870:Udalguri
6865:Sonitpur
6716:Kamarupa
6673:Politics
6413:44141994
6375:44142722
6333:(1993),
6177:44139398
6135:44139078
6003:citation
5950:27864746
5726:Sen 1979
5712::168â69)
5474:44145865
4922:Maharaja
4770:Buranjis
4528:Mahantas
4081:Hengdang
4066:MĂśng Mao
4030:See also
3999:Painting
3828:Borbarua
3816:licchous
3756:and the
3740:and the
3733:Chaophaa
3707:and the
3705:Borborua
3573:infantry
3549:Military
3496:Sibsagar
3371:Chilarai
3352:Chilarai
3325:Abhaypur
3321:Solaguri
3283:Sat Raja
3273:Kaliabor
3265:in 1524.
3241:in 1524.
3181:in 1526.
3171:in 1524.
3124:melkhowa
3038:Borbarua
3016:and the
3014:Borbarua
2994:Borpatro
2948:Borbarua
2907:and the
2901:Sukaphaa
2891:Sukaphaa
2879:Sukaphaa
2875:Chao-Pha
2850:Borbarua
2402:Downfall
2385:Buranjis
2268:Shaktism
2081:Brahmins
2073:Borbarua
2014:Karatoya
1823:Mong Mao
1814:and the
1703:Kamarupa
1697:form of
1695:literary
1685:Kamarupa
1677:Mong Mao
1665:Sukaphaa
1639:province
1623:Assamese
1603:Tai-Ahom
1590:and the
1560:Mong Mao
1552:Sukaphaa
972:Sutuphaa
895:Sukaphaa
657:Medieval
599:a series
597:Part of
479:Currency
470:2,50,000
341:Sukaphaa
268:Sukaphaa
248:Chao Pha
241:monarchy
221:Assamese
191:Shaktism
183:Hinduism
135:Assamese
103:Garhgaon
94:(1397â?)
7735:History
7702:Silchar
7637:Barpeta
7590:Goswami
7522:Bharali
7512:Bhuiyan
7503:Barua (
7433:Brahmin
7418:History
7320:Buranji
7203:Borgeet
7148:Culture
7009:Dhemaji
6933:Nalbari
6903:Chirang
6893:Barpeta
6860:Darrang
6708:History
6678:Tourism
6651:Economy
6646:Culture
6641:Cuisine
6546:Capital
6474:(PhD).
6315:3516963
6088:3516480
5544::27â30)
5468:: 479.
5309::21â22)
5219::20â21)
4918:mantras
4790::56â57)
4564:Mahanta
4556:nirmali
4532:Gosains
4425:, p11;
4413:, p44;
4340::54â55)
4204::26â30)
4153::21â22)
3918:Temples
3859:Ranghar
3838:Culture
3791:Bailung
3754:Bailung
3746:Deodhai
3641:Saikia
3617:Phukan
3577:cavalry
3466:in the
3424:Jaintia
3385:Dimarua
3382:Barduar
3373:of the
3367:Beltola
3354:of the
3334:Vassals
3318:Darrang
3207:Jaintia
3197:Gauhati
3026:Phukans
2810:Rangpur
2697:(1958)
2695:by Dutt
2686:by NPB
2677:(1949)
2666:(1978)
2664:by Guha
2632:24,000
2604:Chamua
2466:Asiatic
2260:Mughals
2256:Jaintia
2138:Sherpur
1816:Kachari
1812:Chutiya
1780:Buranji
1729:Saktism
1720:Kachari
1653:History
1598:hands.
1500:or the
1178:Sutamla
819:Palaces
795:Buranji
784:Sources
587:Myanmar
417:â˘
404:â˘
391:â˘
378:â˘
372:1543â68
365:â˘
352:â˘
326:History
110:Rangpur
79:Capital
73:Kingdom
7804:Davaka
7707:Tezpur
7687:Nagaon
7677:Jorhat
7647:Dhubri
7619:Chutia
7610:Saikia
7600:Kalita
7586:Gohain
7480:Mising
7470:Dimasa
7448:Chutia
7438:Kalita
7410:People
7390:Cinema
7380:Gogona
7345:Jonaki
7330:Dasham
7270:Cinema
7262:cinema
7223:Gamosa
7218:Saraai
7166:Jolpan
7129:Diphlu
7124:Dihing
7109:Majuli
7057:Cachar
7029:Majuli
7019:Jorhat
6981:Nagaon
6918:Kamrup
6908:Dhubri
6819:Police
6618:Topics
6595:Flower
6577:Animal
6551:Dispur
6439:
6411:
6403:
6373:
6365:
6343:
6313:
6175:
6167:
6133:
6125:
6103:
6086:
5948:
5906:
5472:
4943:per se
4895:, cf.
4560:prasad
4429:, p9;
4270:
4098:After
4061:Mueang
4022:Symbol
3830:under
3783:Mising
3775:Khamti
3771:Morans
3767:Chutia
3752:, the
3748:, the
3736:, the
3500:Nagaon
3428:Dimasa
3418:Khyrim
3297:Sadiya
3249:Habung
3189:Nagaon
3165:Sadiya
3095:Joypur
2972:Chutia
2968:Khamti
2919:. The
2852:, and
2547:Majuli
2540:Extent
2482:Mughal
2462:feudal
2458:corvee
2340:Twipra
2306:Ambika
2252:Dimasa
2223:Ambika
2212:Satras
2176:Kamrup
2134:Kamrup
2098:Bengal
2036:, and
1945:Bhuyan
1923:, and
1873:Patkai
1860:Habung
1733:shudra
1716:Chutia
1673:Patkai
1544:Mughal
1230:Suhung
743:Modern
601:on the
329:
253:
117:Jorhat
98:Bakata
69:Status
7657:Diphu
7615:Sarma
7583:Gogoi
7579:Gayen
7574:Dutta
7517:Borah
7475:Karbi
7465:Deori
7258:music
7208:Satra
6961:Hojai
6888:Baksa
6537:Assam
6533:State
6409:JSTOR
6371:JSTOR
6311:JSTOR
6208:(PDF)
6173:JSTOR
6131:JSTOR
6084:JSTOR
5946:JSTOR
5886::424)
5793:(PDF)
5765:(PDF)
5741::104)
5728::553)
5699::806)
5686::169)
5579::102)
5470:JSTOR
5391::299)
5374::799)
5361::794)
5348::317)
5193::229)
5081::231)
5065::233)
5052::230)
5026::227)
5007:piyal
4966::227)
4932::226)
4828::225)
4759::223)
4703::222)
4642::222)
4571::295)
4538::406)
4467::222)
4441::33f)
4409:"See
4357::892)
4233::464)
4087:Notes
4016:Delhi
3982:Tanks
3924:Assam
3804:khels
3750:Mohan
3649:Bora
3636:1000
3628:3000
3620:6000
3543:phali
3512:Bigha
3480:paiks
3476:paiks
3464:paiks
3456:paiks
3389:Gobha
3315:Bacha
3305:Nagas
3066:paiks
3058:Barua
3051:paiks
3047:paiks
3024:) of
2964:Moran
2925:paiks
2917:rajya
2913:bilat
2788:1833
2774:1765
2760:1750
2746:1711
2732:1669
2718:1620
2703:1615
2656:Year
2627:100%
2524:Tibet
2520:China
2516:Lhasa
2488:Trade
2064:phoid
1887:Shyam
1790:was.
1690:Shans
1643:Assam
1635:Assam
1615:Ahoms
1568:China
1540:Assam
824:Forts
583:India
202:Islam
7570:Deka
7460:Bodo
7443:Koch
7428:Ahom
7385:Pepa
7375:Dhol
7260:and
7249:Arts
7235:and
7233:Muga
7176:Bihu
6836:and
6604:Tree
6586:Bird
6568:Song
6487:2019
6437:ISBN
6401:ISSN
6363:ISSN
6341:ISBN
6165:ISSN
6123:ISSN
6101:ISBN
6048:link
6009:link
5904:ISBN
5801:2022
5773:2022
5673::44)
5657::43)
5644::43)
5604::42)
5531::95)
5518::94)
5296::21)
5283::23)
5206::21)
5180::21)
5167::20)
5163:." (
5133::19)
5120::19)
5107::19)
5094::19)
5039::19)
5013::21)
4996::27)
4949::19)
4924:and
4897:Siam
4889:acam
4885:asam
4881:ÉĎÉm
4877:Ahom
4866::18)
4841::28)
4815::18)
4777::56)
4742::54)
4729::53)
4716::12)
4690::12)
4672::12)
4601::53)
4584::12)
4558:and
4530:and
4480::25)
4454::10)
4431:ABSM
4423:ABHB
4394:mong
4383::84)
4334:Ahom
4330:Asom
4290::29)
4268:ISBN
4166::68)
3796:The
3779:Naga
3686:and
3644:100
3601:khel
3593:navy
3591:and
3557:and
3531:pera
3452:paik
3426:and
3393:Neli
3379:Luki
3362:Rani
3340:Raja
3303:and
3291:and
3138:and
3128:raja
3078:Raja
3034:sora
3030:sora
3022:sora
3012:The
2950:and
2624:65%
2621:25%
2522:and
2480:and
2478:Koch
2464:nor
2410:and
2377:Raha
2254:and
2190:and
2059:khel
2006:Chao
1882:Shan
1866:and
1718:and
1572:mong
1554:, a
1496:The
438:1826
433:Area
424:1826
411:1817
398:1769
359:1497
346:1228
236:and
217:Ahom
151:Ahom
7566:Das
7237:Eri
6535:of
6476:hdl
6303:doi
6234:hdl
6190:hdl
6076:doi
5936:doi
5932:152
5831::9)
5631::9)
5557::1)
5322::9)
5270::9)
5146::0)
4928:."(
4683:Kha
4659::2)
4629::7)
4597:. (
4517::4)
4435:SAB
4427:ABS
4415:DAB
4303::9)
4217::1)
4179::3)
4123::9)
3652:20
3597:got
3541:or
3525:or
3508:nal
3472:got
3468:got
3460:got
3147:mel
3121:or
3115:mel
2915:or
2618:9%
2615:1%
2398:).
1800:kha
1796:kha
1556:Tai
7969::
7251:,
6606::
6597::
6588::
6579::
6570::
6548::
6407:.
6395:.
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