573:
585:
633:
691:
645:
431:
676:
660:
597:
621:
609:
707:
184:
913:
222:. Lạc Long Quân and Âu Cơ had 100 sons before they decided to part ways. 50 of the children went with their mother to the snow-capped mountains, and the other 50 went with their father who preferred the four seasons by the sea. The eldest son became the first in a line of earliest Vietnamese kings, collectively known as the
496:
was the capital of Tonkin protectorate, and in 1901 became the capital of all French
Indochina (Cambodia, Laos, & Vietnam). French colonial administration ruled until 9 March 1945, including 1941-1945 during the
572:
690:
584:
632:
866:
644:
550:
was formed, consisting of Tonkin and northern Annam. The State of
Vietnam's territory was reduced to the southern half of the country, becoming
515:
After the end of World War II, French rule returned over French
Indochina. The Northern part of Vietnam became a stronghold for the communist
504:. French administration was allowed by the Japanese as a puppet government. Japan briefly took full control of Vietnam in March 1945, as the
473:(1884–1885), Tonkin, then considered a crucial foothold in Southeast Asia and a key to the Chinese market, was invaded by the French in the
326:(reigned 1428–1433), a notable landowner in the Lam Sơn region, had a following of more than 1,000 people before rising up against
752:
447:
334:. Following his victory he mounted the throne and established himself in the city of Thăng Long ('Ascending Dragon'), present
925:
896:
795:
659:
288:
810:
Hữu Ngọc "Wandering through
Vietnamese Culture". Thế giới publishers, 2004, reprinted April 2006 & 2008, 1 124 pp.
706:
974:
815:
675:
327:
650:
852:
Pierre
Brocheux et Daniel Hémery, Indochine : la colonisation ambiguë 1858-1954, La Découverte, 2004, p. 78-81
861:
501:
964:
596:
519:. Hanoi was later reoccupied by the French and conflict between the Viet Minh and France broke out into the
478:
439:
425:
115:
76:
348:, meaning 'Eastern Capital' (東京 is identical in meaning and written form in Chinese characters to that of
195:
from around 2000−200 BC. Evidence of the earliest established society in northern
Vietnam, along with the
482:
697:
265:
509:
620:
246:
68:
430:
227:
196:
969:
917:
830:(History and culture of Hanoi and Tonkin). Chiang Mai. Cognoscenti Books, 2012. ASIN: B006DCCM9Q.
558:
539:
20:
608:
543:
241:, emigrated to the Red River delta and mixed with the indigenous population. A new kingdom,
64:
245:, emerged as the union of the Âu Việt and the Lạc Việt, with Thục Phán proclaiming himself
211:
557:
In 1964, the US and North
Vietnamese were involved in a battle off the coast known as the
215:
8:
979:
520:
300:
451:
200:
178:
42:
366:
51:
892:
811:
791:
761:
505:
261:
742:
528:
524:
489:
459:
435:
409:
405:
401:
360:
During the 17th and 18th centuries, Westerners commonly used the name Tonkin (from
308:
231:
158:
123:
108:
60:
284:
870:
474:
470:
421:
396:
371:
273:
56:
296:
732:
713:
312:
151:
292:
238:
958:
940:
927:
747:
551:
547:
516:
345:
342:
323:
304:
242:
92:
532:
498:
466:, and later colonized the whole of this southern third of Vietnam in 1867.
387:
382:, included not only the delta of the Red River, but also the deltas of the
331:
269:
223:
727:
455:
391:
230:. The country was called Văn Lang and its people were referred to as the
72:
383:
192:
219:
162:
49:. During the 17th and 18th centuries, this term referred to the domain
277:
183:
91:, meaning 'Eastern Capital'. This was the name of the capital of the
257:
187:
1873 map of the deltaic plain of Tonkin region (northern
Vietnam).
737:
139:
46:
912:
666:
463:
253:
135:
757:
681:
493:
485:, with Vietnam being effectively separated into three parts.
349:
335:
204:
143:
96:
214:
the first
Vietnamese peoples descended from the Dragon Lord
765:
166:
147:
291:
in 938 ushered a new era of independence of
Vietnam. The
887:
Cooke, Nola; Li, Tana; Anderson, James A., eds. (2011).
863:
L'Indochine française pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale
788:
The Golden Peaches of Samarkand: A Study of Tang Exotics
891:. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press.
75:. From 1884 to early 1945, this term was used for the
276:, though the center of commerce later moved north to
272:times Tonkin was the port of call for ships on the
956:
886:
237:By the 3rd century BC, another Viet group, the
790:. University of California Press. p. 14.
839:Bruce McFarland Lockhart, William J. Duiker,
523:. In 1949 it came under the authority of the
114:The name was used from 1883 to 1945 for the
412:, was used to refer to Vietnam as a whole.
843:, Scarecrow Press, 2010, pages 40, 365-366
415:
355:
318:
429:
182:
99:). Locally, Tonkin is nowadays known as
79:, composed of only the Northern region.
785:
590:Administrative divisions of Tonkin 1920
578:Administrative divisions of Tonkin 1929
481:, and was gradually separated from the
264:, this region started to be officially
957:
753:Northern, Central and Southern Vietnam
87:"Tonkin" is a Western rendition of 東京
45:referring to the northern region of
16:Historical name for Northern Vietnam
828:Vietnam Past and Present: The North
826:Forbes, Andrew, and Henley, David:
638:Military territories of Tonkin 1894
542:in western Tonkin and signature of
488:During French colonial rule within
13:
880:
14:
991:
906:
889:The Tongking Gulf Through History
698:French General Gouvernor's Palace
546:in 1954, the communist nation of
911:
705:
689:
674:
658:
643:
631:
619:
607:
595:
583:
571:
122:北圻), a constituent territory of
538:After the French defeat at the
448:French assistance to Nguyễn Ánh
394:or Quinan was used to refer to
207:, the capital city of Vietnam.
203:area, located near present-day
855:
846:
833:
820:
804:
779:
669:officer in Tonkin, Spring 1885
508:. Tonkin became a site of the
502:Japanese occupation of Vietnam
59:' control, including both the
1:
772:
479:French protectorate of Tonkin
440:French protectorate of Tonkin
338:. Thăng Long was also called
116:French protectorate of Tonkin
77:French protectorate of Tonkin
483:French protectorate of Annam
458:began its heavy presence in
426:Tonkin (French protectorate)
129:
7:
786:Schafer, Edward H. (1963).
721:
450:to unify Vietnam under the
400:in the South, ruled by the
370:in the North, ruled by the
10:
998:
564:
477:. It was colonized as the
419:
176:
172:
18:
768:, with a similar meaning.
602:Tonkin in the early 1900s
510:Vietnamese famine of 1945
218:and the Immortal Goddess
142:(Quảng Tây) Provinces of
975:History of North Vietnam
252:Âu Lạc was annexed into
199:, was discovered in the
82:
873:, Jean-Philippe Liardet
559:Gulf of Tonkin Incident
540:Battle of Dien Bien Phu
416:19th and 20th centuries
410:former Chinese province
408:, from the name of the
356:17th and 18th centuries
319:15th and 16th centuries
21:Tonkin (disambiguation)
841:The A to Z of Viêt Nam
443:
188:
71:regions, north of the
920:at Wikimedia Commons
433:
420:Further information:
186:
177:Further information:
965:Geography of Vietnam
941:21.0000°N 106.0000°E
512:during this period.
295:was followed by the
191:The area was called
165:, Tonkin is rich in
19:For other uses, see
937: /
714:black-painted teeth
651:Capture of Nam Định
626:Tonkin in the 1880s
521:First Indochina War
289:Battle of Bạch Đằng
157:Having the fertile
146:; east of northern
869:2012-02-05 at the
712:Tonkin woman with
614:1899 Map of Tonkin
444:
266:under Chinese rule
189:
179:History of Vietnam
946:21.0000; 106.0000
916:Media related to
898:978-0-8122-4336-9
797:978-0-520-05462-2
762:Meiji restoration
506:Empire of Vietnam
460:Lower Cochinchina
228:Hồng Bàng dynasty
987:
952:
951:
949:
948:
947:
942:
938:
935:
934:
933:
930:
915:
902:
874:
859:
853:
850:
844:
837:
831:
824:
818:
808:
802:
801:
783:
743:Names of Vietnam
709:
693:
678:
662:
647:
635:
623:
611:
599:
587:
575:
529:associated state
525:State of Vietnam
490:French Indochina
212:Vietnamese myths
197:Đông Sơn culture
150:and west of the
124:French Indochina
997:
996:
990:
989:
988:
986:
985:
984:
955:
954:
945:
943:
939:
936:
931:
928:
926:
924:
923:
909:
899:
883:
881:Further reading
878:
877:
871:Wayback Machine
860:
856:
851:
847:
838:
834:
825:
821:
809:
805:
798:
784:
780:
775:
764:renamed Edo in
724:
717:
710:
701:
694:
685:
679:
670:
663:
654:
648:
639:
636:
627:
624:
615:
612:
603:
600:
591:
588:
579:
576:
567:
475:Tonkin Campaign
471:Sino-French War
436:Red River Delta
428:
422:Tonkin campaign
418:
358:
330:of the Chinese
321:
283:The victory of
274:South China Sea
181:
175:
134:It is south of
132:
109:Northern Region
85:
29:, also spelled
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
995:
994:
983:
982:
977:
972:
970:Gulf of Tonkin
967:
908:
907:External links
905:
904:
903:
897:
882:
879:
876:
875:
854:
845:
832:
819:
803:
796:
777:
776:
774:
771:
770:
769:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
733:Gulf of Tonkin
730:
723:
720:
719:
718:
711:
704:
702:
695:
688:
686:
680:
673:
671:
664:
657:
655:
649:
642:
640:
637:
630:
628:
625:
618:
616:
613:
606:
604:
601:
594:
592:
589:
582:
580:
577:
570:
566:
563:
544:Geneva accords
452:Nguyễn dynasty
417:
414:
364:) to refer to
357:
354:
320:
317:
247:An Dương Vương
201:Cổ Loa Citadel
174:
171:
152:Gulf of Tonkin
138:(Vân Nam) and
131:
128:
84:
81:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
993:
992:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
962:
960:
953:
950:
921:
919:
914:
900:
894:
890:
885:
884:
872:
868:
865:
864:
858:
849:
842:
836:
829:
823:
817:
816:90-78239-01-8
813:
807:
799:
793:
789:
782:
778:
767:
763:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
748:North Vietnam
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
729:
726:
725:
715:
708:
703:
699:
692:
687:
683:
677:
672:
668:
661:
656:
652:
646:
641:
634:
629:
622:
617:
610:
605:
598:
593:
586:
581:
574:
569:
568:
562:
560:
555:
553:
552:South Vietnam
549:
548:North Vietnam
545:
541:
536:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
500:
495:
491:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
441:
437:
432:
427:
423:
413:
411:
407:
403:
399:
398:
393:
390:. Meanwhile,
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
368:
363:
353:
351:
347:
344:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
316:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
281:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:Triệu dynasty
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
235:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
216:Lạc Long Quân
213:
210:According to
208:
206:
202:
198:
194:
185:
180:
170:
168:
164:
160:
155:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
127:
125:
121:
118:(Vietnamese:
117:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
95:(present-day
94:
90:
80:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
54:
53:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
22:
922:
910:
888:
862:
857:
848:
840:
835:
827:
822:
806:
787:
781:
556:
537:
533:French Union
514:
499:World War II
487:
468:
462:, including
445:
434:1894 map of
402:Nguyễn lords
395:
379:
375:
365:
361:
359:
339:
332:Ming dynasty
322:
282:
260:. After the
251:
236:
209:
190:
169:production.
161:area of the
156:
133:
119:
113:
104:
100:
88:
86:
50:
38:
34:
30:
26:
25:
944: /
932:106°00′00″E
728:Cochinchina
684:around 1910
469:During the
456:French Navy
392:Cochinchina
372:Trịnh lords
293:Ngô dynasty
256:kingdom of
107:, meaning '
73:Gianh River
57:Trịnh lords
980:Hong River
959:Categories
929:21°00′00″N
773:References
716:, ca. 1908
397:Đàng Trong
376:Đàng Ngoài
367:Đàng Ngoài
224:Hùng kings
93:Lê dynasty
52:Đàng Ngoài
760:, as the
517:Viet Minh
362:Đông Kinh
340:Đông Kinh
285:Ngô Quyền
278:Guangdong
268:. In pre-
163:Red River
130:Geography
89:Đông Kinh
867:Archived
722:See also
700:in Hanoi
527:, a new
388:Cả River
384:Mã River
301:Early Lê
258:Triệu Đà
254:Nam Việt
232:Lạc Việt
193:Văn Lang
101:miền Bắc
61:Northern
41:, is an
39:Tongking
738:Jiaozhi
665:French
565:Gallery
531:of the
287:at the
239:Âu Việt
226:of the
173:History
140:Guangxi
47:Vietnam
35:Tonquin
31:Tongkin
918:Tonkin
895:
814:
794:
667:zouave
653:, 1883
464:Saigon
454:, the
446:After
404:; and
380:Bắc Hà
336:Hà Nội
324:Lê Lợi
311:, and
243:Âu Lạc
136:Yunnan
120:Bắc Kỳ
105:Bắc Bộ
55:under
43:exonym
27:Tonkin
758:Tokyo
682:Hanoi
494:Hanoi
406:Annam
378:, or
350:Tokyo
220:Âu Cơ
205:Hanoi
159:delta
144:China
103:, or
97:Hanoi
83:Names
65:Thanh
893:ISBN
812:ISBN
792:ISBN
766:1868
696:The
424:and
386:and
328:rule
309:Trần
297:Đinh
270:Tang
167:rice
148:Laos
69:Nghệ
63:and
438:in
352:).
111:'.
37:or
961::
561:.
554:.
535:.
492:,
374:.
315:.
313:Hồ
307:,
305:Lý
303:,
299:,
280:.
249:.
234:.
154:.
126:.
33:,
901:.
800:.
442:.
346:京
343:東
67:-
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
