778:
325:
823:. Nothing in Terboven's background and training particularly qualified him for that post, but he had Hitler's full confidence. He was responsible to no one but Hitler, and within the Nazi governmental hierarchy, his office stood on the same level as the Reich Ministries. Terboven regarded himself as virtually an autonomous viceroy with what he termed “limitless power of command”. His conception of his role resulted in his attempting to ignore any directives not issued by Hitler himself.
1603:
883:, but he commanded a personal force of around 6,000 men of whom 800 were part of the secret police. In contrast to the military forces commanded by Falkenhorst, which aimed to reach an understanding with the Norwegian people and were under orders by Falkenhorst to treat Norwegians with courtesy, Terboven behaved in a petty and ruthless way and was widely disliked not only by the Norwegians but also by many Germans.
42:
977:, in Germany. Of the 72 who were deported from TelavĂĄg, 31 were murdered in captivity. The women and the children were imprisoned for two years. Another 18 Norwegian prisoners unrelated to TelavĂĄg, who were held at the Trandum internment camp, were also executed as reprisals. In another incident, the shooting of two German police officials on 6 September 1942 led to Terboven personally declaring
1135:
981:
from 5 to 12 October 1942. He imposed a curfew from 8:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. and suppressed all newspapers, public assemblies and railroad transportation. On
Terboven's orders, ten prominent citizens were executed in reprisal, and their assets were confiscated. In addition, Terboven set up an
1279:
Da to fanger i Korgen drepte en tysk vokter og rømte, ga kommandant Hesse ordre om at det som hevn skulle skytes 39 fanger i Korgen og 20 i Osen. Dette var 17. juli 1942. Hesse startet myrderiene med sjøl å skyte flere fanger. De nærmeste dagene ble det på Reichskommissar
Terbovens personlige ordre
605:. When the Party subsequently was outlawed, he continued to work at the bank until after the ban was lifted in February 1925. In August 1925 Terboven went to work full-time for the Party, becoming the head of a small Nazi newspaper and book distributorship in Essen. At this time he also founded the
936:
took place, the murder of hundreds of
Yugoslavian political prisoners and prisoners-of-war by German and Norwegian concentration camp guards. Some 288 prisoners were shot to death, and many others were burned to death when the barracks were set on fire. Terboven had ordered the massacre a few days
972:
arrived, shots were exchanged, and two
Gestapo agents were killed. Terboven was outraged and personally led a reprisal raid on 30 April that was quick and brutal. All buildings were burned to the ground, all boats were sunk or confiscated and all livestock taken away. All men in the village were
838:
after the king and cabinet fled into exile. On 25 September 1940, Terboven dismissed the
Administrative Council and appointed a thirteen-member Provisional State Council to administer affairs. All the members were Terboven's hand-picked appointees and worked under his control and supervision. A
960:
against the
Germans. On 17 September, Terboven decreed that special SS and Police Tribunals would have jurisdiction over Norwegian citizens who violated his decrees. They were summary proceedings with the accused provided no adequate defense. The trials were not open to the public, and the
491:
As the tide of the war turned against
Germany, Terboven implemented a scorched earth policy in northern Norway that resulted in the forced evacuation of 50,000 Norwegians and widespread destruction. He hoped to turn Norway into a fortress for the Nazi regime's last stand. However, after
483:
for Norway, a position that granted him significant power and control. Terboven established multiple concentration camps in Norway, ruthlessly persecuted the Jewish population and focused on crushing the
Norwegian resistance movement. His actions led to numerous atrocities, such as the
961:
proceedings were not published. Sentences were carried out shortly after they were pronounced with no right of appeal. It is estimated that some 150 individuals were sentenced to death by these tribunals. Many more were sentenced to long terms of hard labour.
625:
in Essen. He formally re-enrolled in the Party on 15 December 1925. From 1927 to
December 1930, Terboven was the editor of the weekly Nazi newspaper “The New Front: The Weekly Sheet of the Working People.” By 1927 he had advanced to
719:(High President) of Prussia's Rhine Province which included Gau Essen and three other Gaue. He thus united under his control the highest party and governmental offices within his jurisdiction. On 27 April 1935 Terboven received the
895:
about what he called
Terboven's "bullying tactics" against the Norwegians, as they alienated the population against the Germans. Terboven's relations with the army commander were strained, but his relations with the
1056:
policy that resulted in the forced evacuation of 50,000 Norwegians and widespread destruction, including the burning of 10,000 homes; 4700 farms; and hundreds of schools, churches, shops and industrial buildings.
829:
Terboven had supervisory authority over only the German civilian administration, which was very small and did not rule Norway directly. Day-to-day governmental affairs were managed by the existing seven-member
585:, where he first got involved in politics. He dropped out of the university in 1922 without earning a degree and trained as a bank official in Essen, working as a bank clerk through June 1925.
1077:
on 3 May 1945 and ordered him to cooperate with winding down hostilities. Terboven expressed his desire to continue fighting. Consequently, Dönitz dismissed Terboven from his post as
647:
Ruhr, the Essen district became an independent unit subordinated to the central Party headquarters in Munich. However, on 1 August 1930 the Essen district officially was raised to
206:
454:. After the war, he studied law and political science at the University of Munich and the University of Freiburg, where he first got involved in politics. Terboven joined the
1119:, although his daughter, Inga, in an event in 1964 unrelated to her father's history, killed her two-year-old daughter by strangulation. Terboven's wife, Ilse, died in 1972.
2019:
2059:
2054:
2044:
986:
extrajudicial tribunal to try Norwegians considered “hostile to the state”. An additional 24 men were tried and summarily executed over the next three days.
888:
1529:
989:
Despite the small number of Jews in Norway's population (around 1,800), Terboven persecuted them relentlessly. Some 930 managed to escape to neighboring
855:. Terboven therefore remained in ultimate charge of Norway until the end of the war in 1945, even after he had permitted the formation of a Norwegian
2099:
2094:
2089:
2079:
2024:
1989:
2049:
777:
993:, but some 770 were rounded up and deported to Germany. The main deportation occurred on 26 November 1942, when 532 Jews were shipped to
2014:
1698:
648:
2004:
1522:
1501:
2084:
2034:
2029:
2009:
2069:
1542:
1429:
945:";. In the days that followed, Terboven also ordered retribution, and around 400 prisoners shot and killed in various camps.
698:
510:
On 8 May 1945, the day of Germany's surrender, Terboven committed suicide by detonating 50 kg of dynamite in a bunker on the
473:
1496:
436:
2039:
1557:
1515:
1467:
1351:
941:
prison camp was killed. The commandant ordered retribution: execution by gunfire for "39 prisoners at Korgen and 20 at
466:
of Essen and the editor of various Nazi newspapers. After the Nazi seizure of power in 1933, Terboven was promoted to
1999:
1448:
1410:
2064:
978:
974:
964:
On 26 April 1942, the Nazis learned that two members of the resistance were being sheltered by the inhabitants of
904:, were very good, and he co-operated in providing Rediess's staff a free hand with their policies of repression.
831:
1994:
1094:
1476:
1386:
949:
1627:
1004:
2074:
1492:
925:
897:
772:
672:
62:
1577:
1395:
917:
730:
1562:
1803:
1083:
1064:(Fortress Norway) for the Nazi regime's last stand. However, after Hitler's suicide, his successor,
680:
deputy until the end of the Nazi regime. From 15 December 1930, Terboven was also the editor of the
1538:
1007:, and only 9 survived the war. On 25 February 1943, another 158 were similarly deported aboard the
880:
790:
710:
17:
1403:
Hitlers Politische Generale. Die Gauleiter des Dritten Reiches: ein biographisches Nachschlagewerk
1382:
1738:
1622:
1587:
835:
808:
759:. On 16 November 1942, the jurisdiction of the Reich Defense Commissioners was changed from the
450:, and attended Volksschule and Realschule before he volunteered for military service during the
1974:
1763:
1748:
1733:
1262:
582:
1341:
1060:
As the tide of the war turned against Germany, Terboven's personal aspiration was to organise
1913:
1903:
1893:
1044:
in Essen during Terboven's absence in Norway since 1940. In October 1944, in response to the
688:
1582:
1979:
1969:
1933:
1923:
1743:
840:
752:
748:
578:
340:
1918:
1111:
725:
8:
1984:
1723:
1713:
1688:
1683:
1567:
864:
577:
before being discharged on 22 December 1918. He studied law and political science at the
488:
in which hundreds of Yugoslavian political prisoners and prisoners-of-war were murdered.
1948:
1602:
636:
Ruhr. In the 20 May 1928 election, Terboven failed in his attempt to be elected to the
566:
468:
374:
1784:
1768:
1507:
933:
913:
860:
744:
720:
485:
258:
1391:
660:
In 1930 Terboven also became a City Councilor in Essen and a member of the Provincial
1463:
1444:
1425:
1406:
1347:
1037:
820:
611:
709:
was a witness at the wedding, and while in Essen put into play preparations for the
1938:
1928:
1863:
1853:
1843:
1061:
892:
852:
816:
786:
637:
598:
459:
715:
693:
178:
1883:
1873:
1823:
1793:
1667:
1652:
1488:
999:
901:
848:
799:
782:
702:
558:
451:
427:
57:
1898:
597:
in November 1923 with membership number 25,247 and participated in the abortive
1708:
1693:
1657:
1642:
1632:
1617:
1592:
1422:
Gauleiter: The Regional Leaders of the Nazi Party and Their Deputies, 1925–1945
1053:
763:
to the Gau level and Terboven remained Commissioner for only his Gau of Essen.
740:
667:
617:
254:
183:
1087:
1070:
1066:
500:
109:
1963:
1758:
1753:
1728:
1572:
957:
876:
856:
756:
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on 9 November 1936. On the outbreak of war on 1 September 1939, he was named
628:
531:
330:
262:
1943:
1888:
1878:
1703:
1116:
1008:
706:
535:
515:
493:
146:
85:
545:("up there"), referring to a farmstead on a hill. Josef Terboven attended
1908:
547:
385:
1868:
1848:
1718:
1662:
1647:
1637:
1028:
594:
570:
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412:
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307:
296:
46:
Terboven in February 1942, during the Akershus Government Act ceremony.
965:
41:
1858:
1115:
Rediess, who had shot himself earlier. Terboven's family survived in
1074:
871:
735:
676:
from electoral constituency 23, Dusseldorf-West; he would serve as a
653:
557:
in Essen until 1915 and then volunteered for military service in the
422:
417:
123:
118:
1102:
1049:
1045:
953:
921:
884:
844:
574:
358:
282:
1424:. Vol. 3 (Fritz Sauckel - Hans Zimmermann). Fonthill Media.
1106:
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earlier. In July 1942, at least one German guard assigned to the
812:
662:
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447:
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on 10 July 1933. On 28 June 1934, Terboven married Ilse Stahl,
602:
432:
286:
1245:
1243:
1228:
1141:
874:
that were stationed in Norway which were under the command of
870:
Terboven also did not have authority over the 400,000 regular
942:
739:(Military District) VI, which included his Gau together with
527:
443:
278:
250:
1263:"Da nordmenn myrdet fanger i Korgen | Tekster og slikt"
1360:
1321:
1309:
1240:
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1177:
1153:
1101:
on 8 May 1945 by detonating 50 kilograms (110 lb) of
948:
From 1941, Terboven increasingly focused on crushing the
907:
1537:
1165:
932:
in late 1941. At one of those camps on 18 July 1942 the
657:. He would retain this post throughout the Nazi regime.
1201:
1189:
819:, in September 1940 and made his headquarters in the
2020:
Members of the Prussian State Council (Nazi Germany)
843:, outlawing the government-in-exile, disbanding the
670:. On 14 September 1930, Terboven was elected to the
518:, and his wife, Ilse (Stahl) Terboven died in 1972.
462:
and eventually rose through the ranks to become the
1022:On 25 September 1944, Terboven, in his capacity as
1040:, who executed those duties as he had been Acting
1280:skutt om lag 400 krigsfanger i forskjellige leire
1138:in Digitales Familiennamenwörterbuch Deutschlands
1052:region of northern Norway, Terboven instituted a
415:official and politician who was the long-serving
1961:
1032:units in the Gau. In reality, it was his Deputy
1017:
632:(District Leader) of the Essen district in the
514:compound in Norway. His family survived him in
2060:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 2nd class
2055:Recipients of the Iron Cross (1914), 1st class
2045:Nazis who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch
1808:(Chairman of the Administrative Council, 1940)
643:On 1 October 1928 upon the dissolution of the
573:, 1st and 2nd class, and attained the rank of
1523:
713:. On 5 February 1935, Terboven was appointed
1420:Miller, Michael D.; Schulz, Andreas (2021).
1419:
1366:
1327:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1249:
1234:
1183:
1159:
1147:
766:
1073:, summoned Terboven to his headquarters in
1003:. From there, they were transported to the
609:(Local Group) in Essen, becoming its first
1530:
1516:
40:
847:and banning all political parties except
697:on 1 March 1933 and made a member of the
1489:Newspaper clippings about Josef Terboven
1460:The History of the Nazi Party: 1933-1945
1441:The History of the Nazi Party: 1919-1933
1339:
1109:compound. He died alongside the body of
811:'s completion on 10 June. He moved into
776:
538:descent. The family name comes from the
411:(23 May 1898 – 8 May 1945) was a German
1400:
1195:
1081:on 7 May and transferred his powers to
14:
1962:
1220:"Oslo's Old Regime Ended by Germany".
908:Repression and crimes against humanity
839:proclamation was issued deposing King
781:Terboven (seated 2nd from right) with
503:, dismissed Terboven from his post as
1511:
1457:
1438:
1207:
1171:
1026:of Essen, was named commander of the
859:on 1 February 1942 under Quisling as
196:5 February 1935 – 8 May 1945
1990:German Army personnel of World War I
1788:(Prime Minister in exile, 1940–1945)
968:, a small fishing village. When the
723:. He was promoted to the rank of SA-
588:
2050:Politicians from the Rhine Province
136:1 August 1930 – 8 May 1945
75:24 April 1940 – 7 May 1945
24:
2100:Members of the Reichstag 1938–1945
2095:Members of the Reichstag 1936–1938
2090:Members of the Reichstag 1933–1936
2080:Members of the Reichstag 1932–1933
2025:Members of the Reichstag 1930–1932
1462:. University of Pittsburgh Press.
1443:. University of Pittsburgh Press.
705:'s former secretary and mistress.
25:
2111:
1482:
807:on 24 April 1940 even before the
2015:Holocaust perpetrators in Norway
1818:(German Commissioner for Norway)
1601:
1502:Information about Josef Terboven
975:Sachsenhausen concentration camp
832:Norwegian Administrative Council
409:Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven
323:
238:Josef Antonius Heinrich Terboven
1828:(Minister President, 1942–1945)
1333:
1255:
1224:. 26 September 1940. p. 4.
973:either executed or sent to the
834:, which had been set up by the
2005:German people of Dutch descent
1213:
1129:
912:Terboven established multiple
691:, Terboven was promoted to SA-
651:status and Terboven was named
63:Occupied Norwegian Territories
13:
1:
2085:Members of the Reichstag 1933
2035:Military personnel from Essen
2030:Members of the Reichstag 1932
2010:German people of World War II
1539:Heads of government of Norway
1387:Deutsches Historisches Museum
1122:
950:Norwegian resistance movement
821:Norwegian Parliament building
521:
472:and was made a member of the
458:in 1923, participated in the
2070:Suicides by explosive device
1405:. TĂĽbingen: Grabert-Verlag.
1340:Goeschel, Christian (2009),
1018:Last months of war and death
1005:Auschwitz concentration camp
889:Reich Minister of Propaganda
815:, the official residence of
565:9 and then with the nascent
7:
1798:(Prime Minister, 1940 coup)
1493:20th Century Press Archives
1477:WorldStatesmen- here Norway
1346:, OUP Oxford, p. 152,
952:, which engaged in acts of
926:Bredtvet concentration camp
898:Higher SS and Police Leader
773:Reichskommissariat Norwegen
496:'s suicide, his successor,
207:Hermann Freiherr von LĂĽnick
10:
2116:
1677:Prime ministers, 1905–1940
1611:Prime ministers, 1873–1905
1551:First ministers, 1814–1873
1396:Historisches Centrum Hagen
1376:
918:Falstad concentration camp
770:
731:Reich Defense Commissioner
479:In 1940, he was appointed
2040:Nazis who died by suicide
1836:
1777:
1676:
1610:
1599:
1550:
1504:in the Reichstag database
1093:With the announcement of
1084:General der Gebirgstruppe
1014:, and only six survived.
891:, expressed annoyance in
767:Reichskommissar of Norway
682:National-Zeiting in Essen
402:
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103:
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68:
55:
51:
39:
32:
2000:German newspaper editors
1458:Orlow, Dietrich (1973).
1439:Orlow, Dietrich (1969).
1367:Miller & Schulz 2021
1328:Miller & Schulz 2021
1316:Miller & Schulz 2021
1304:Miller & Schulz 2021
1292:Miller & Schulz 2021
1250:Miller & Schulz 2021
1235:Miller & Schulz 2021
1184:Miller & Schulz 2021
1160:Miller & Schulz 2021
1148:Miller & Schulz 2021
979:martial law in Trondheim
881:Nikolaus von Falkenhorst
711:Night of the Long Knives
2065:Sturmabteilung officers
1343:Suicide in Nazi Germany
836:Norwegian Supreme Court
563:Feldartillerie Regiment
369:Feldartillerie Regiment
1837:Prime ministers, 1945–
1401:Höffkes, Karl (1986).
1267:Finnbakk.Wordpress.com
794:
699:Prussian State Council
583:University of Freiburg
474:Prussian State Council
27:German Nazi politician
1995:German mass murderers
1097:, Terboven committed
916:in Norway, including
780:
689:Nazi seizure of power
621:(SA) becoming the SA-
615:. He also joined the
569:. He was awarded the
526:Terboven was born in
442:Terboven was born in
347:Years of service
1174:, pp. 140, 206.
753:Gau Westphalia-South
749:Gau Westphalia-North
593:Terboven joined the
579:University of Munich
341:Imperial German Army
1306:, pp. 451–453.
1294:, pp. 450–451.
1237:, pp. 444–445.
1210:, pp. 299–300.
1150:, pp. 437–438.
1105:in a bunker on the
1095:Germany's surrender
914:concentration camps
865:Quisling government
797:Terboven was named
530:, the son of minor
398:, 1st and 2nd class
2075:Suicides in Norway
1048:advance in to the
934:Beisfjord massacre
872:German Army forces
861:minister-president
795:
745:Gau Cologne-Aachen
721:Golden Party Badge
486:Beisfjord massacre
259:Kingdom of Prussia
219:Position abolished
171:Position abolished
1957:
1956:
1829:
1819:
1809:
1799:
1789:
1431:978-1-781-55826-3
1269:. 26 October 2016
1112:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
1038:Fritz Schlessmann
817:Crown Prince Olav
809:military invasion
726:ObergruppenfĂĽhrer
612:Ortsgruppenleiter
589:Nazi Party career
561:. He served with
437:German occupation
406:
405:
16:(Redirected from
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1807:
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1062:Festung Norwegen
863:, the so-called
853:Nasjonal Samling
638:Prussian Landtag
599:Beer Hall Putsch
469:SA-GruppenfĂĽhrer
460:Beer Hall Putsch
375:Luftstreitkräfte
329:
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314:Military service
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1079:Reichskommissar
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902:Wilhelm Rediess
849:Vidkun Quisling
827:Reichskommissar
800:Reichskommissar
791:von Falkenhorst
775:
769:
703:Joseph Goebbels
591:
559:First World War
524:
507:on 7 May 1945.
505:Reichskommissar
481:Reichskommissar
452:First World War
428:Reichskommissar
372:
324:
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293:Political party
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58:Reichskommissar
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142:Appointed by
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86:Adolf Hitler
81:Appointed by
70:
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1980:1945 deaths
1970:1898 births
1939:Stoltenberg
1929:Stoltenberg
1804:Christensen
1628:Schweigaard
1568:Sommerhielm
1563:Rosenkrantz
1088:Franz Böhme
1071:Karl Dönitz
1067:GroĂźadmiral
1011:S Gotenland
997:aboard the
893:his disques
548:volksschule
501:Karl Dönitz
498:GroĂźadmiral
435:during the
386:World War I
248:23 May 1898
202:Preceded by
154:Preceded by
110:Franz Böhme
93:Preceded by
1985:Gauleiters
1964:Categories
1914:Brundtland
1904:Brundtland
1894:Brundtland
1864:Gerhardsen
1854:Gerhardsen
1844:Gerhardsen
1558:Haxthausen
1208:Orlow 1973
1172:Orlow 1969
1123:References
1029:Volkssturm
841:Haakon VII
747:, most of
687:After the
607:Ortsgruppe
595:Nazi Party
571:Iron Cross
554:realschule
543:daar boven
540:Low German
522:Early life
456:Nazi Party
413:Nazi Party
396:Iron Cross
319:Allegiance
308:Bank clerk
304:Profession
297:Nazi Party
272:8 May 1945
244:1898-05-23
1764:Mowinckel
1749:Mowinckel
1734:Mowinckel
1724:Halvorsen
1714:Halvorsen
1684:Michelsen
1392:Biography
1383:Biography
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1042:Gauleiter
1034:Gauleiter
1024:Gauleiter
761:Wehrkreis
736:Wehrkreis
678:Reichstag
673:Reichstag
654:Gauleiter
567:air force
464:Gauleiter
423:Gau Essen
418:Gauleiter
350:1915–1918
192:In office
132:In office
124:Gau Essen
119:Gauleiter
71:In office
1934:Bondevik
1924:Bondevik
1884:Bratteli
1874:Bratteli
1824:Quisling
1814:Terboven
1794:Quisling
1759:Hundseid
1744:Hornsrud
1648:E. Stang
1638:E. Stang
1633:Sverdrup
1618:F. Stang
1593:F. Stang
1588:Petersen
1136:Terboven
1103:dynamite
1050:Finnmark
1046:Red Army
1000:SS Donau
954:sabotage
922:Levanger
885:Goebbels
845:Storting
783:Quisling
581:and the
575:Leutnant
425:and the
359:Leutnant
283:Akershus
112:(acting)
61:for the
18:Terboven
1944:Solberg
1919:Jagland
1899:Willoch
1879:Korvald
1754:Kolstad
1709:Knudsen
1704:Bratlie
1694:Knudsen
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1653:Hagerup
1573:Collett
1495:of the
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1099:suicide
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970:Gestapo
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813:Skaugum
787:Himmler
666:of the
663:Landtag
645:GroĂźgau
634:GroĂźgau
512:Skaugum
448:Germany
299:(NSDAP)
1889:Nordli
1869:Borten
1623:Selmer
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984:ad hoc
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887:, the
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623:FĂĽhrer
603:Munich
433:Norway
392:Awards
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287:Norway
1949:Støre
1739:Lykke
1729:Berge
1719:Blehr
1699:Konow
1663:Blehr
1658:Steen
1643:Steen
1394:from
1385:from
920:near
536:Dutch
528:Essen
444:Essen
279:Asker
251:Essen
1909:Syse
1859:Lyng
1849:Torp
1583:Vogt
1578:Krog
1543:List
1464:ISBN
1445:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1407:ISBN
1348:ISBN
1275:2017
956:and
943:Osen
930:Oslo
924:and
803:for
789:and
751:and
733:for
551:and
431:for
365:Unit
355:Rank
269:Died
234:Born
1497:ZBW
928:in
851:’s
649:Gau
601:in
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1009:M
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242:(
20:)
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