Knowledge

Talent (measurement)

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38: 1556:. Retrieved 7 June 2022. "late 13c., 'inclination, disposition, will, desire', from Old French talent (12c.), from Medieval Latin talenta, plural of talentum 'inclination, leaning, will, desire' (11c.), in classical Latin 'balance, weight; sum of money', from Greek talanton 'a balance, pair of scales', hence "weight, definite weight, anything weighed', and in later times 'sum of money', from PIE * 645:
In Revelation 16:21, the talent is used as a weight for hail being poured forth from heaven and dropping on mankind as punishment in the end times: "And there fell upon men a great hail out of heaven, every stone about the weight of a talent: and men blasphemed God because of the plague of the hail;
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was originally the weight of a load which could be carried by a man. Thus in the Book of Kings we read that Naaman “bound two talents of silver in two bags, with two changes of garments, and laid them upon two of his servants; and they bare them before him”. He notes that in Assyrian cuneiform, the
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of 60 minas to one talent. A Greek mina in Euboea around 800 BC weighed 504 g; other minas in the Mediterranean basin, and even other Greek minas, varied in some small measure from the Babylonian values, and from one to another. The Bible mentions the unit in various contexts, like
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grave-shaft, a weight of about 8.5 grams (0.30 oz) can be established for this original talent. The later Attic talent was of a different weight than the Homeric, but represented the same value in copper as the Homeric did in gold, with the price ratio of gold to copper in
1261:. Book 6, verse 8: "Early in the spring of the following summer the Athenian envoys arrived from Sicily, and the Egestaeans with them, bringing sixty talents of uncoined silver, as a month's pay for sixty ships, which they were to ask to have sent them." 266:
set an ox as 2nd prize in a foot race, and a half-talent of gold as the third prize, suggesting that the ox was worth a talent. Based on a statement from a later Greek source that "the talent of Homer was equal in amount to the later
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offers an estimate of 26.0 kg. An Attic talent of silver was the value of nine man-years of skilled work, according to known wage rates from 377 BC. In 415 BC, an Attic talent was a month's pay for a
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or talent weight was introduced in Mesopotamia at the end of the 4th millennium BC, and was normalized at the end of the 3rd millennium during the Akkadian-Sumer phase. The talent was divided into 60
598:(Matthew 25:14–30). The use of the word "talent" to mean "gift or skill" in English and other languages originated from an interpretation of this parable sometime late in the 13th century. 255:
8.69, 19.223, 22.209). The word is also used as a measurement, always of gold. "From the order of the prizes in Il. 23.262 sq. and other passages its weight was probably not great".
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talent weighed about 37 kg. The German historian Friedrich Hultsch calculated a range of 36.15 to 37.2 kg based on such estimates as the weight of one full Aeginetan
204:. The Babylonian weights are approximately: shekel (8.4 g, 0.30 oz), mina (504 g, 1 lb 1.8 oz) and talent (30.2 kg, 66 lb 9 oz). 77:'s poems, it is always used of gold and is thought to have been quite a small weight of about 8.5 grams (0.30 oz), approximately the same as the later gold 398:) in late Hebrew antiquity (c. 500 CE) was the greatest unit of weight in use at the time, and which weight varied depending on the era. According to the 69:) was a unit of weight used in the ancient world, often used for weighing gold and silver, but also mentioned in connection with other metals, ivory, and 105: 1520:. p. 489. "Talent. (F.-L-Gk.) The sense of 'ability' is from the parable; Matt. xxv. F. talent, 'a talent in money; also will, desire;' Cot. —L. 251:
in the plural is sometimes used of a pair of scales or a balance; it is used especially of the scales in which Zeus weighed the fortunes of men (
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of Jesus where a servant who is forgiven a debt of ten thousand talents refuses to forgive another servant who owes him only one hundred silver
994: 574:) would have amounted to 2,343 of these silver coins in specie (27.328 kilograms (60.25 lb)), in addition to the minuscule weight of 12 237:
same ideogram or sign was used for both "tribute" and "talent", which might be explained if a load of corn was the regular unit of tribute.
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Attic talents, approximately 32.3 kg (71 lb 3 oz). An Egyptian talent was 80 librae, approximately 27 kg (60 lb).
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talent was approximately 26.0 kilograms (57 lb 5 oz). The word also came to be used as the equivalent of the middle eastern
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being a term used for the biblical Shekel of Tyrian coinage, or 'shekel of the Sanctuary', and where there were 4 provincial
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An Attic weight talent was about 25.8 kilograms (57 lb). Friedrich Hultsch estimated a weight of 26.2 kg, and
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According to Seltman, the original Homeric talent was probably the gold equivalent of the value of an ox or a cow.
1560:- 'to lift, support, weigh', 'with derivatives referring to measured weights and thence money and payment' ; see 1142: 17: 1608: 1516: 1688: 646:
for the plague thereof was exceeding great." (KJV) Various definitions are provided in different translations:
1573: 108:, used in New Testament times, was 58.9 kg (129 lb 14 oz). A Roman talent (divided into 100 216:
king of Tyre sending 120 talents of gold to King Solomon as part of an alliance, or the building of the
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s) came to c. 28.800 kilograms (63.49 lb). According to Adani, in the silver coinage known as the
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In later times in Greece, it represented a much larger weight, approximately 3000 times as much: an
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Akkadian Lexicon Companion for Biblical Hebrew Etymological, Semantic and Idiomatic Equivalence
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of coins, and concluded that the Aeginetan talent represented the water weight of a Babylonian
1052:"1 Kings 9:14 Interlinear: And Hiram sendeth to the king a hundred and twenty talents of gold" 1483:, vol. 13 (Principles of Instruction and Tradition), Benei Barak 2012, p. 206 (Hebrew title: 1376: 1245: 1194: 607: 526: 1108: 1076:"Exodus 25:39 Interlinear: of a talent of pure gold he doth make it, with all these vessels" 857: 1525: 1455: 1304: 483: 8: 635: 207:
The Greeks adopted these weights through their trade with the Phoenicians along with the
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or 'shekel of the sanctuary' weighing-in at 20.16 grammes. The sum aggregate of the 60
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was double that of the Roman era talent, which latter had the weight of either 100
399: 276: 217: 1549: 837:'tribute, load', corresponding to Biblical Aramaic בְּלוֹ (belu) 'tribute, tax' ( 373: 303: 272: 1662: 678: 599: 364:
An Aeginetan talent was worth 60 Aeginetan minae, or 6,000 Aeginetan drachmae.
165: 109: 1528:, weight, sum of money, talent. Named from being lifted and weighed; cf. Skt. 967:
Brown, Francis; Driver, Samuel Rolles; Briggs, Charles Augustus, eds. (1906).
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meaning 'to be circular', referring to round masses of gold or silver. The
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estimated a weight of 37.32 kg, based on extant weights and coins.
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See J.H. Kroll, "Early Iron Age balance weights at Lefkandi, Euboea".
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Koehler, Ludwig; Baumgartner, Walter; Richardson, M.E.J.; Stamm, J.J.
914: 1655: 882: 618:) among the Hebrews, and was the equivalent in weight to one-hundred 570:), of which weight only 91.7% was of fine silver), one talent (Heb. 1536:, to lift, Gk. τάλ-ας, sustaining. (TAL.) Allied to Tolerate. Der. 1339:(in Hebrew). Ramat-Gan: Makhon Nir David. p. 17b (chapter 4). 1023:
Lete, Gregorio del Olmo; Sanmartín, Joaquín. Watson, W.G.E. (ed.).
898: 516: 491: 339: 263: 1639: 1435:(in Hebrew). Vol. 4 (Seder Avodah). Jerusalem: Pe'er HaTorah. 1366: 1025:
A Dictionary of the Ugaritic Language in the Alphabetic Tradition
639: 627: 619: 385: 315: 213: 201: 104:
adopted the Babylonian weight talent, but later revised it. The
334: 181: 100:. A Babylonian talent was 30.2 kg (66 lb 9 oz). 89: 78: 1661: 1588:. James Elmer Dean, ed. (1935). Chicago University Press. §45 1407: 1007: 631: 591: 559:, minted during British colonial rule (each with a weight of 555: 418: 345: 259: 246: 208: 193: 74: 54: 712:] (in German) (2nd ed.). Weidmannsche Buchhandlung. 684:. Translated by Waterfield, Robin. Oxford University Press. 325:
were commonly paid one drachma per day of military service.
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number system). These weights were used subsequently by the
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Athens, Its History and Coinage Before the Persian Invasion
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The Hebrew and Aramaic lexicon of the Old Testament (HALOT)
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in the Akkadian language, corresponding to Biblical Hebrew
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An Island Polity, the Archaeology of Exploitation in Melos
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A concise etymological dictionary of the English language
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Black, Jeremy; George, Andrew; Postgat, Nicholas (2000).
1349:(reprinted from Jerusalem editions, 1907, 1917 and 1988) 1128:
also has a dual meaning of "balance" and "pound weight".
144:כִּכָּר (translated as Greek τάλαντον 'talanton' in the 659:: text reads "weighing as much as seventy-five pounds". 1199:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 49. 1433:- HaYad Ha-Chazakah (Maimonides' Code of Jewish Law) 1110:
The Origin of Metallic Currency and Weight Standards
764: 393: 802: 677: 634:, as when describing the material invested in the 586:The talent as a unit of value is mentioned in the 417:‎), the weight of the talent at the time of 367: 1586:Treatise on Weights and Measures (Syriac Version) 970:A Hebrew and English Lexicon of the Old Testament 966: 538:at that time was put at 3.20 grammes, with every 1675: 858:"Melachim1 (1 Kings) 9 :: Septuagint (LXX)" 1189: 807:. Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden. p. 141. 1330: 1328: 1326: 1324: 1322: 665:: text reads "about one hundred pounds each". 653:: a footnote says "Talent: 75 or 100 pounds." 1312:is used, being the Greek form of the Latin 1123: 730: 630:. The talent is also used elsewhere in the 602:includes a different parable involving the 438: 426: 64: 1423: 1319: 1201:One Attic talent was the equivalent of 60 1155: 1153: 1151: 993:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 749: 747: 745: 676:Herodotus (1998) . Dewald, Carolyn (ed.). 1286:A History of Ancient Coinage 700–300 B.C. 1022: 880: 298:An Attic talent was the equivalent of 60 1357: 1355: 887:Journal of the American Oriental Society 36: 1282: 1270: 1220: 1148: 742: 698: 180:, each of which was subdivided into 60 168:. The name comes from the Semitic root 41:Sumerian tablet with measurement glyphs 14: 1676: 1232: 927: 770: 675: 349:: 36.29 kg by his reckoning (the 310: 1361: 1352: 1334: 735:"talents of gold and ivory", Vergil, 228:William Ridgeway speculates that the 220:necessitating a talent of pure gold. 781: 779: 482:The standard talent during the late 1131: 705:Griechische und Römische Metrologie 377: 328: 184:(following the common Mesopotamian 24: 1193:; Wagstaff, Malcolm, eds. (1982). 642:received 666 gold talents a year. 129: 25: 1710: 1632: 1335:Adani, Samuel ben Joseph (1997). 776: 240: 1664:The New Student's Reference Work 1481:ʿArikhat Shūlḥan - Yilqūṭ Ḥayyīm 1259:History of the Peloponnesian War 1159:Charles Theodore Seltman (1924) 805:A Concise Dictionary of Akkadian 581: 486:was the talent consisting of 60 1613: 1602: 1591: 1578: 1567: 1543: 1508: 1497: 1473: 1444: 1417: 1392: 1293: 1276: 1264: 1251: 1238: 1226: 1214: 1183: 1166: 1116: 1101: 1092: 1068: 1044: 1031: 1016: 1001: 960: 936: 921: 669: 534:s. The anatomic weight of each 368:Talent in late Hebrew antiquity 287: 275:" and analysis of finds from a 134:The Akkadian talent was called 1554:Online Etymological Dictionary 874: 850: 825: 811: 796: 724: 520:also being known in Hebrew as 148:, English 'talent'), Ugaritic 13: 1: 1694:Obsolete units of measurement 1248:", EH.Net Encyclopedia, 2004. 1246:The Economy of Ancient Greece 1039:Oxford Journal of Archaeology 881:Stieglitz, Robert R. (1979). 717: 1540:, in use before A. D. 1700." 1379:(Appendix II – B: Weights), 883:"Commodity Prices at Ugarit" 160:(ܟܲܟܪܵܐ), and apparently to 7: 930:Phoenician-Punic Dictionary 502:(and which sum total of 60 394: 10: 1715: 1308:end of chapter 1 ), where 1107:Ridgeway, William (1892). 843:, Hayim Tawil, 2009. Also 759:Greek and Roman technology 475:s being equivalent to 100 451:) having the weight of 25 291: 247: 55: 29: 1467: 1411: 1012:. pp. Entry כִּכָּר. 948:www.assyrianlanguages.org 710:Greek and Roman Metrology 622:. The talent is found in 414: 389: 223: 1485:עריכת שולחן - ילקוט חיים 787:III. Measures of Weight: 757:, Andrew Neil Sherwood, 1684:Coins of ancient Greece 1373:Oxford University Press 1283:Gardner, Percy (1918). 1137:Liddell, Scott, Jones, 928:Krahmalkov, Charles R. 753:John William Humphrey, 610:, the talent is called 524:), had a weight of 150 357:were units of volume). 1647:Encyclopedia Americana 1124: 732:auri eborisque talenta 731: 596:Parable of the Talents 494:scholars, the talent ( 439: 427: 65: 42: 1689:Coins of ancient Rome 944:"Search Entry ܟܲܟܪܵܐ" 831:or less specifically 284:Greece being 1:3000. 152:(𐎋𐎋𐎗), Phoenician 40: 1524:. — Gk. Τάλαντον, a 1412:בשקל הקודש במנה צורי 1113:, Cambridge, p. 264. 1041:27, pp. 37–48 (2008) 484:Second Temple period 30:For other uses, see 27:Ancient unit of mass 1337:Sefer Naḥalat Yosef 791:Jewish Encyclopedia 636:Ark of the Covenant 245:In Homer, the word 200:, and later by the 106:heavy common talent 1289:Oxford University. 845:Jastrow Dictionary 700:Hultsch, Friedrich 43: 1620:2 Chronicles 9:13 1514:Skeat, Walter W. 1400:Babylonian Talmud 1178:Hom. Il. 23.750–1 862:Blue Letter Bible 755:John Peter Oleson 578:(10.08 grammes). 546:talent (or 1,500 156:(𐤒𐤒𐤓), Syriac 16:(Redirected from 1706: 1670: 1668: 1659: 1651: 1643: 1626: 1617: 1611: 1606: 1600: 1598:Matthew 18:23–35 1595: 1589: 1582: 1576: 1571: 1565: 1547: 1541: 1512: 1506: 1504:Matthew 25:14–30 1501: 1495: 1477: 1471: 1469: 1468:דכתיב בקע לגלגלת 1451:Jerusalem Talmud 1448: 1442: 1436: 1421: 1415: 1413: 1396: 1390: 1389: 1359: 1350: 1348: 1332: 1317: 1300:Jerusalem Talmud 1297: 1291: 1290: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1255: 1249: 1242: 1236: 1235:, in Appendix II 1230: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1211: 1187: 1181: 1170: 1164: 1157: 1146: 1135: 1129: 1127: 1120: 1114: 1105: 1099: 1096: 1090: 1089: 1087: 1086: 1072: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1048: 1042: 1035: 1029: 1028: 1020: 1014: 1013: 1005: 999: 998: 992: 984: 964: 958: 957: 955: 954: 940: 934: 933: 925: 919: 918: 878: 872: 871: 869: 868: 854: 848: 829: 823: 822: 815: 809: 808: 800: 794: 783: 774: 768: 762: 751: 740: 734: 728: 713: 695: 683: 562: 442: 432: 416: 415:דכתיב בקע לגלגלת 400:Jerusalem Talmud 397: 391: 379: 329:Aeginetan talent 250: 249: 125: 124: 120: 117: 68: 58: 57: 21: 1714: 1713: 1709: 1708: 1707: 1705: 1704: 1703: 1674: 1673: 1654: 1638: 1635: 1630: 1629: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1607: 1603: 1596: 1592: 1583: 1579: 1572: 1568: 1548: 1544: 1513: 1509: 1502: 1498: 1479:Shelomo Qorah, 1478: 1474: 1449: 1445: 1439:Kelei HaMikdash 1422: 1418: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1360: 1353: 1333: 1320: 1298: 1294: 1281: 1277: 1269: 1265: 1256: 1252: 1244:Engen, Darel. " 1243: 1239: 1231: 1227: 1219: 1215: 1188: 1184: 1171: 1167: 1158: 1149: 1136: 1132: 1122:The Latin word 1121: 1117: 1106: 1102: 1097: 1093: 1084: 1082: 1074: 1073: 1069: 1060: 1058: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1036: 1032: 1021: 1017: 1006: 1002: 986: 985: 981: 965: 961: 952: 950: 942: 941: 937: 926: 922: 879: 875: 866: 864: 856: 855: 851: 830: 826: 817: 816: 812: 801: 797: 784: 777: 769: 765: 752: 743: 729: 725: 720: 692: 672: 624:another parable 606:. According to 584: 560: 490:. According to 370: 331: 296: 290: 243: 226: 132: 130:Akkadian talent 122: 118: 115: 113: 112:or pounds) was 35: 28: 23: 22: 18:Talent (weight) 15: 12: 11: 5: 1712: 1702: 1701: 1696: 1691: 1686: 1672: 1671: 1657:"Talent"  1652: 1641:"Talent"  1634: 1633:External links 1631: 1628: 1627: 1612: 1601: 1590: 1577: 1566: 1542: 1507: 1496: 1472: 1443: 1416: 1391: 1385: 1365:, ed. (1933), 1351: 1318: 1292: 1275: 1271:Hultsch (1882) 1263: 1250: 1237: 1225: 1221:Hultsch (1882) 1213: 1191:Renfrew, Colin 1182: 1165: 1163:, pp. 112–114. 1147: 1130: 1115: 1100: 1091: 1067: 1043: 1030: 1027:. p. 430. 1015: 1000: 979: 959: 935: 932:. p. 225. 920: 899:10.2307/598945 873: 849: 824: 819:"Search Entry" 810: 795: 775: 773:, p. 593. 763: 741: 722: 721: 719: 716: 715: 714: 696: 690: 671: 668: 667: 666: 660: 654: 583: 580: 369: 366: 330: 327: 292:Main article: 289: 286: 262:describes how 242: 241:Homeric talent 239: 225: 222: 166:Amarna Tablets 131: 128: 102:Ancient Israel 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1711: 1700: 1699:Units of mass 1697: 1695: 1692: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1681: 1679: 1667: 1665: 1658: 1653: 1649: 1648: 1642: 1637: 1636: 1625: 1624:1 Kings 10:14 1621: 1616: 1610: 1605: 1599: 1594: 1587: 1581: 1575: 1574:Luke 19:12–27 1570: 1563: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1511: 1505: 1500: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1476: 1465: 1463: 1458: 1457: 1452: 1447: 1440: 1434: 1432: 1431:Mishneh Torah 1426: 1420: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1395: 1388: 1386:0-19-815402-X 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369: 1364: 1358: 1356: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1331: 1329: 1327: 1325: 1323: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1306: 1301: 1296: 1288: 1287: 1279: 1272: 1267: 1260: 1254: 1247: 1241: 1234: 1233:Dewald (1998) 1229: 1222: 1217: 1210: 1208: 1204: 1198: 1197: 1192: 1186: 1179: 1175: 1169: 1162: 1156: 1154: 1152: 1144: 1140: 1139:Greek Lexicon 1134: 1126: 1119: 1112: 1111: 1104: 1098:2 Kings 5.23. 1095: 1081: 1077: 1071: 1057: 1053: 1047: 1040: 1034: 1026: 1019: 1011: 1004: 996: 990: 982: 980:1-56563-206-0 976: 972: 971: 963: 949: 945: 939: 931: 924: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 877: 863: 859: 853: 846: 842: 841: 836: 835: 828: 820: 814: 806: 799: 792: 788: 782: 780: 772: 767: 760: 756: 750: 748: 746: 738: 733: 727: 723: 711: 707: 706: 701: 697: 693: 691:9780192126092 687: 682: 681: 680:The Histories 674: 673: 664: 661: 658: 655: 652: 649: 648: 647: 643: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 605: 601: 597: 593: 589: 588:New Testament 582:Other talents 579: 577: 573: 569: 565: 558: 557: 553: 549: 545: 541: 537: 533: 530:for every 25 529: 528: 523: 519: 518: 513: 509: 506:equals 1,500 505: 501: 497: 493: 489: 485: 480: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 450: 446: 441: 436: 431: 430: 424: 420: 412: 410: 405: 401: 396: 387: 383: 375: 365: 362: 360: 359:Percy Gardner 356: 352: 348: 347: 342: 341: 336: 326: 324: 321: 317: 312: 311:Dewald (1998) 307: 305: 301: 295: 285: 283: 278: 274: 270: 265: 261: 256: 254: 238: 235: 231: 221: 219: 215: 210: 205: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 183: 179: 175: 171: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 147: 143: 139: 138: 127: 111: 107: 103: 99: 95: 91: 86: 84: 83:Persian daric 80: 76: 72: 67: 62: 52: 51:Ancient Greek 48: 39: 33: 19: 1663: 1645: 1615: 1604: 1593: 1585: 1584:Epiphanius. 1580: 1569: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1550:"talent (n)" 1545: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1521: 1515: 1510: 1499: 1484: 1480: 1475: 1460: 1454: 1446: 1438: 1437:, s.v. Hil. 1428: 1419: 1403: 1394: 1367: 1336: 1313: 1309: 1303: 1295: 1285: 1278: 1266: 1258: 1257:Thucydides. 1253: 1240: 1228: 1216: 1206: 1202: 1200: 1195: 1185: 1173: 1168: 1160: 1138: 1133: 1118: 1109: 1103: 1094: 1083:. Retrieved 1080:biblehub.com 1079: 1070: 1059:. Retrieved 1056:biblehub.com 1055: 1046: 1038: 1033: 1024: 1018: 1009: 1003: 969: 962: 951:. Retrieved 947: 938: 929: 923: 893:(1): 15–23. 890: 886: 876: 865:. Retrieved 861: 852: 838: 832: 827: 813: 804: 798: 790: 766: 758: 736: 726: 709: 704: 679: 670:Bibliography 644: 615: 611: 585: 575: 571: 554: 552:Mughal India 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 525: 521: 515: 511: 510:s, or 6,000 507: 503: 499: 495: 487: 481: 476: 472: 468: 464: 460: 456: 452: 448: 444: 434: 429:Roman librae 422: 407: 403: 381: 372:The talent ( 371: 363: 354: 350: 344: 338: 332: 308: 297: 294:Attic talent 288:Attic talent 257: 252: 244: 233: 229: 227: 206: 173: 169: 161: 157: 153: 149: 141: 136: 135: 133: 97: 93: 87: 71:frankincense 60: 46: 44: 1368:The Mishnah 973:. 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Index

Talent (weight)
Talent

Ancient Greek
frankincense
Homer
stater
Persian daric
Attic
Ancient Israel
heavy common talent
librae
Septuagint
Amarna Tablets
minas
shekels
sexagesimal
Babylonians
Sumerians
Phoenicians
Hebrews
ratio
Hiram
candelabrum
Homer
Achilles
daric
drachmas
Mycenaean
Bronze Age

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