Soviet-type economic planning

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Economic Cooperation was established in Moscow in 1963, and the 'transferable ruble' was introduced. The integration failed to materialize for a number of reasons. Firstly, the new currency was separated from foreign trade as is characteristic of centralized planned economies, and so was not able to perform the various functions of money outside of being a unit of account Additionally, integration failed due to a general lack of interest, as well as the implementation of 'market liberalization' policies within several member states throughout the decade. Hence, the CMEA switched gears in the second half of the 1960s, and instead a reform was proposed which encouraged countries to pursue their own specialized industrialization projects without the needed participation of all other member states. East Germany, Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia agreed to these terms, however Bulgaria and Romania did not, and many political officials throughout the Eastern bloc prevented the 'market liberalization' policies from being implemented at the CMEA level. The inability for member countries to reach a consensus about economic reforms coupled with the desire to create 'dynamics of dissent' within the Council against the USSR contributed to a lack of planning coordination by the CMEA throughout the decade.

2623: 3049:. Since the state is effectively the sole business proprietor and controls banking, it theoretically avoids classic financial frictions and consumer confidence challenges. Because the state makes labor compulsory and can run enterprises at a loss, full employment is a theoretical possibility even when capital stocks are too low to justify it in a market system. This was an advantage that the USSR arguably realized by 1930, although critics argue that sometimes certain segments of Soviet labor exhibited zero productivity, meaning that although workers were on employment rolls, they essentially sat idle because of capital deficiencies, i.e. there was employed unemployment. 3069:, rapid GDP growth, and rising per capita consumption. Industrial production as a result of the 5 Year Plans was also rapid. During the first 5 Year Plan for example, Cast Iron production reportedly saw a 188%, going from 3,300,000 tonnes to 6,240,000 tonnes a year. In 1928, industrial output of electricity was 5,000,000,000 kW/h, rising to 13,000,000,000 kW/h by 1932, an increase of 270%. Industrial output of cars in the same time frame saw an increase of almost 3000%, rising from 0.8 pieces (in thousands) up to 23.9. 3251: 3105:

introduced a strong bias towards underproduction, resulting in a scarcity of consumer goods. Another disadvantage is that while STP does allow for the theoretically possibility of full employment, the USSR often achieved full employment by operating enterprises at a loss or leaving workers idle. There was always a Pareto superior alternative available to the USSR rather than full employment, specifically with the option to close some enterprises and make transfer payments to the unemployed.

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good being constantly in shortage, while others were constantly in surplus and wasted. These issues were naturally observed by Soviet economists, but any proposals to change the basic operating paradigms of the economic planning in response to observed inefficiencies were blocked by ideological hardliners, who perceived them as an unacceptable deviation from Marxism–Leninism, an economic model which they perceived to be "scientifically" proven to be superior.

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put into place, wherein production plans would be shared amongst members, and each country would specialize in a different area of production. The USSR encouraged the formation of the council as a response to the United States’ Marshall Plan, in hopes of maintaining their sphere of influence in Eastern Europe. There also existed the hope that the less developed member states would ‘catch-up’ economically with the more industrialized ones.

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efficiency of two Eastern bloc countries (Hungary, Poland) from the 1970s to the 1980s and comparing it to that of developed and developing countries, it was found that the two European socialist countries were less efficient than both developed and developing countries, and this efficiency gap had only widened in the years of analysis. It was seen that Hungary was more efficient than Poland at this time. The raw material subsidies (

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the 'complex program', designed to promote further trade integration. This integration plan heavily relied on countries specializing in the production of certain goods and services, and parallel initiatives were discouraged and to be avoided. For instance, Hungary specialized in the manufacturing of buses for local and long-distance transport, which encouraged other member countries to trade with Hungary in order to acquire them.

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The Soviet Union also gave Eastern bloc countries subsidies in the form of raw materials at prices lower than those offered in the global market. However, despite these efforts, varying degrees of development still remained between the industrialized countries and the more agrarian ones, which would contribute to the Bloc's economic stagnation in later decades.

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births. Following the creation of the Polish People's Republic, the life expectancy in Poland increased to 70 years and infant mortality decreased to 30 deaths per 1000 live births. However, this success was limited by a rise in alcohol and cigarette consumption, which saw a rise in preventable deaths.

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Scholars who reject the neoclassical approach produce a shorter list of disadvantages, but because these disadvantages are valid even from the Soviet perspective, they are perhaps even more damning of STP than those listed above. These scholars consider STP's inability to predict things like weather,

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In the 1970s, the CMEA adopted a few initiatives in order to continue economic growth and to modernize the economy. Firstly, the Eastern bloc heavily imported technology from the West in order to modernize, increasing the debt of the Eastern Bloc to the West dramatically. In 1971, the CMEA introduced

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being imposed. As a result, the Eastern Bloc countries started to develop autarkic tendencies which would last until the Soviet Union's dissolution. Trade was also able to grow, not just between member states but within them as well, and the agrarian states of the eastern bloc began to industrialize.

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data) and other indicators such as number of patients per physician and argued that countries that predominantly used socialist-style economic planning in their economies achieved slightly better indicators at low and medium levels of income than countries with predominantly market-oriented economies

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In contrast to this approach, scholars such as Pawel Dembinski argue that neoclassical tools are somewhat inappropriate for evaluating Soviet-type planning because they attempt to quantify and measure phenomena specific to capitalist-based economies. They contend that because standard economic models

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Firstly, complete price stability is achievable because of the state's control over setting prices and the money supply. To maintain a fixed currency value, all the state has to do is balance the total value of goods available during a given planning period with the amount of wages it pays according

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Falsification of statistics and "output juggling" of factories in order to satisfy central plans became a widespread phenomenon, leading to discrepancies between "reality of the plan" and the actual availability of goods as observed on site by consumers. Plan failures, when it was no longer possible

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was instrumental in beginning the process which led to the creation of the council. Originally, Romania wanted to create a collaborative economic system which would bolster the country's efforts to industrialize. However, the Czech and Polish representatives wanted to have a system of specialization

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directly in the pricing mechanism. Another is the total capture of value obtained in STP which is neglected in market economies. By this, it is meant that while a worker might put in a certain amount of work to produce a good, a market might value that good at less than the cost of labor the worker

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of $ 1,488 in international dollars which grew 461% to $ 6,871 by 1990. By comparison, Western Europe grew from a higher base of $ 3,688 international dollars by a comparable 457% to $ 16,872 in the same period and reached $ 17,921 by 1998. Following the fall of the USSR in 1991, its GDP per capita

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until it dissolved in 1991, although the type and extent of planning was of a different nature before imperative centralized planning was introduced in the 1930s. While there were many subtleties to the various forms of economic organization the USSR employed during this 70-year time period, enough

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In the USSR in the late 1980s the system was normally referred to as the 'administrative-command' economy. What was fundamental to this system was not the plan but the role of administrative hierarchies at all levels of decision making; the absence of control over decision making by the population

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The council began to lose its credibility from the 1960s onwards, because disagreements between member countries over the necessity of various reforms led to the slowing of economic growth. In order to encourage economic integration and maintain soviet economic planning, the International Bank for

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presented the political and economic state of Eastern bloc authoritarianism as a logical consequence of Marxism–Leninism, rather than a "deviation". Nikolay Shmelyov described the state of the Soviet economy in the '80s as having large-scale systemic inefficiencies and unbalanced outputs, with one

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underlying decision-making), the results obtained from a neoclassical analysis will distort the actual effects of STP. These other scholars proceed along a different course by trying to engage with STP on its own terms, investigating the philosophical, historical and political influences that gave

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Material balance planning was the major function of Gosplan in the USSR. This method of planning involved the accounting of material supplies in natural units (as opposed to monetary terms) which are used to balance the supply of available inputs with targeted outputs. Material balancing involves

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However, the economic problems of the Eastern bloc continued to increase as reforms failed to pass and specialization efforts failed to incentivize states to improve their products. This resulted in economic growth which paled in comparison to that of the West. In a study assessing the technical

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because STP eschews money's classic role. Additionally, planners had to aggregate many types of goods and inputs into a single material balance because it was impossible to create an individual balance for each of the approximately 24 million items produced and consumed in the USSR. This system

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Poland during the Cold War also saw advancements in healthcare. Before the Second World War, Poland was one of the countries with the poorest health in Europe. In the 1930s life expectancy in Poland was around 46 years and infant mortality was estimated at the level of 150 deaths per 1000 live

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that made effective planning challenging if not impossible. Lastly, these scholars argue that the semantic limitations of language made it impossible for STP planners to communicate their desires to enterprises in sufficient detail for planning to fully direct economic outcomes. Enterprises

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system. Attempts to modify or optimize the former based on pragmatic analysis of economic outcomes were hindered by the latter. Dembinski describes the Soviet approach to Marxist economy as "quasi-religious" with economic publications by Marx and Lenin being treated as a "Scripture".

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After the collapse of the USSR, other scholars have argued that a central deficiency of Soviet economic planning was that it was not premised on final consumer demand and that such a system would be increasingly feasible with advances in information technology.

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put in, effectively negating the value of the work done. Because in STP prices are set by the state, STP avoids this pitfall by never pricing an item below its labor value. While these do seem to be valid theoretical advantages to STP (especially under a

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Michael Ellman describes specific features of the Soviet economic planning in economic and mathematical terms, highlighting its primarily computational challenges. The theoretical objective of the Soviet economic planning, as executed by Gosplan, was

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at the same levels of economic development. The gap narrowed down in case of medium and high income countries. In addition, all of the countries in the high income category were ones the study categorized as "capitalist" and none "socialist".

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Under the model of STP, during the 5 Year Plans, the USSR was able to rapidly industrialise and modernise their industry. The growth of GDP per Capita in the USSR in this period exceeded some Western countries. Planning led to high rates of

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also practice economic planning to a certain extent, but they are not subject to all of the advantages and disadvantages enumerated here. Moreover, the soviet economy and its organization endured several major changes, especially during the

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planning output for all factories. As the number of commodities reached hundreds of thousands, a number of aggregations and simplifications were made to facilitate the calculations, which, until late 1960s, were performed manually.

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were due to a number of avoidable problems. He argued that the industrial drive had been enacted under more severe circumstances, several years later and in a less rational manner than proposal originally conceived by the

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in the economy and then using a balance-sheet to balance them with output targets specified by industry to achieve a balance between supply and demand. This balance is used to formulate a plan for the national economy.

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assortment of goods and services. The plan was built and executed in annual cycles: each year, a target output of specific goods were determined and using estimates of available input resources Gosplan would calculate

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which were engaged in the production and delivery of goods and services in the economy. Enterprises comprised production associations and institutes that were linked together by the plans formulated by Gosplan.

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who had acted on the instructions of a foreign power". Trotsky also maintained that the disproportions and imbalances which became characteristic of Stalinist planning in the 1930s such as the underdeveloped

3133:. This effect resulted from an enterprise overproducing in a given plan cycle. They would have to match their new level of higher production in the next cycle as the plan was adjusted to fit the new data. 2622: 5847: 1575:

priority of highly centralized management over planning. An example of analytical approach to several stages of the Soviet political-economic model can be found in the works of Soviet economist

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The unique features of Soviet-style economy were an ideologically driven attempt to build a total economic plan for the whole society, as well as unquestioned paradigm of superiority of the

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From a neoclassical perspective, there are two theoretical advantages to Soviet-type economic planning: the elimination of inflation, and the elimination of unemployment.

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In practice, the USSR suffered from both open and repressed inflation throughout its history, the latter becoming especially pronounced in the second half of the 1980s.

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were presented as "temporary difficulties" by official propaganda, but numerous scholars in the Eastern bloc argued that these are systemic flaws of the Soviet economy.

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In the Eastern bloc countries (Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, Poland, Romania, and Albania), economic planning was primarily accomplished through the

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trade and technological advancement as an insurmountable drawback to the planning procedure. STP's use of coercive techniques such as the ratchet effect and

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At first, the USSR's growth in GDP per capita compared favorably with Western Europe. In 1913, prior to the revolution of 1917, the Russian Empire had a

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There is a small amount of information in state archives regarding the founding of CMEA, but documents from the Romania state archive suggest that the

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system following the 1917 revolution. NEP, however, was criticized as reactionary and reversed by Stalin, who returned to total economic planning.

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Those scholars who reject the neoclassical viewpoint consider the benefits of STP that the USSR itself adduced. One is the ability to control for

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There are two fundamental ways scholars have carried out an analysis of Soviet-type economic planning. The first involves adapting standard

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During the 1950s, the economic alliance between members of the Eastern bloc and the state monopoly acted as a safety net in the face of

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saw quick recovery, such that by 1948 industrial output was 153% of what it had been in 1938. This growth continued throughout the

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Ellman, Michael (2007). "The Rise and Fall of Socialist Planning". In Estrin, Saul; Kołodko, Grzegorz W.; Uvalić, Milica (eds.).

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framework), it has been argued by some that STP as implemented by the USSR failed to achieve these theoretical possibilities.

6219: 5594: 4808: 4269: 4227: 4143: 4099: 4055: 3650: 3623: 3529: 3343: 2630:). A 1929 Soviet propaganda poster based on 1917 paraphrase from Lenin, praising the economic superiority of state socialism. 2529:

rise to STP whilst evaluating its economic successes and failures (theoretical and actual) with reference to those contexts.

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which are argued to be inherent to STP on the one hand ensured the system's survival and on the other hand resulted in the

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features were shared that scholars have broadly examined advantages and disadvantages of Soviet-type economic planning.

6087: 6077: 5932: 5927: 5912: 5883: 5783: 4691: 4303:"The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance and the failed Coordination of Planning in the Socialist Bloc in the 1960s" 3971: 3944: 3887: 3857: 1913: 1093: 1088: 1073: 1038: 936: 50: 6699: 6225: 5972: 5947: 5942: 5828: 5817: 5143: 4758: 3675: 3466: 2471: 1848: 1372: 1133: 1108: 1103: 981: 969: 142: 8334: 6750: 6017: 5937: 5803: 2727:, Russia alone owed $ 22 billion to the club, with other Eastern Bloc countries taking loans on their own account. 1175: 1098: 956: 8429: 7088: 6807: 6655: 6012: 5982: 5967: 5838: 5062: 4865: 4840: 2724: 2596:. He noted that several engineers and economists who had created the plan were themselves later put on trial as " 1613: 1601: 1596:), an organization for allocating state supplies among the various organizations and enterprises in the economy ( 1318: 1170: 1143: 1128: 991: 258: 3077:

From a neoclassical perspective, there were many disadvantages to STP. They can be divided into two categories:

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about similarities and differences of Soviet-style planning in Eastern Bloc countries outside the Soviet Union.

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economic models and theories to analyze the Soviet economic system. This paradigm stresses the importance of

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and became increasingly dependent on undisclosed loans from capitalist countries that were members of the

8393: 8091: 7331: 7140: 7098: 6596: 6112: 5893: 5749: 5559: 5256: 5207: 4850: 3190: 2792: 2712: 2574: 1551: 1255: 1048: 727: 394: 273: 7286: 3907: 8492: 8347: 8191: 7712: 7537: 6569: 6230: 6157: 6152: 6102: 6042: 5903: 5609: 5095: 1382: 1290: 1275: 1245: 1058: 784: 7433: 7577: 7512: 7413: 6586: 6062: 5759: 5694: 4945: 4880: 4338:"On the inefficiency of European socialist economies: Relative to developed and developing economies" 3715: 3668:

Planning Problems in the USSR: The Contribution of Mathematical Economics to their Solution 1960-1971

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The tendency of enterprise-level Soviet managers to understate productive capacity in fear of the

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had resulted in significant damage to the Polish nation. Alongside the millions killed in the

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Wilhelm, John Howard (1985). "The Soviet Union Has an Administered, Not a Planned, Economy".

3162: 2414: 2059: 1749: 1719: 1704: 1270: 893: 529: 147: 137: 5306: 4417:"Forced Saving and Repressed Inflation in the Soviet Union, 1986–90: Some Empirical Results" 3821: 439: 8001: 7707: 7662: 7547: 7316: 7123: 7118: 7113: 6989: 6797: 6735: 6481: 6414: 6381: 6377: 5812: 5719: 5684: 5451: 5133: 4823: 4707: 3797: 3066: 3058: 2593: 2319: 2127: 2024: 1988: 1833: 1766: 1714: 1544: 964: 888: 858: 589: 229: 90: 82: 5411: 4123: 4079: 4035: 2743: 554: 8: 8196: 8026: 8006: 7687: 7507: 7462: 7371: 7361: 7271: 7261: 7240: 7210: 7108: 7048: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6867: 6760: 6677: 6633: 6628: 6621: 6235: 5769: 5754: 5729: 5461: 5180: 5159: 5007: 4925: 4793: 4763: 3593: 3307: 3256: 3225: 2751: 2674: 2585: 2429: 2374: 2369: 2302: 2292: 1978: 1813: 1387: 1377: 913: 898: 639: 599: 306: 189: 7996: 7941: 7428: 5421: 5271: 4833: 4667:

Cottrell and Cockshott. 1993. Socialist planning after the collapse of the Soviet Union

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Poletaev (1970). "Industrialization of the USSR 1929-1932 Documents and materials": 342.

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Poletaev (1970). "Industrialization of the USSR 1929-1932 Documents and materials": 342.

4121: 4077: 4033: 3414:"The Council of Mutual Economic Assistance – An Example of Failed Economic Integration?" 3108:

The microeconomic disadvantages from a neoclassical perspective include the following:

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Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the

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The major institutions of Soviet-type planning in the USSR included a planning agency (

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Centralized investment and economic input decision-making model under Leninist states

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KALIŃSKI, Janusz; DWILEWICZ, Łukasz (2014), Loth, Wilfried; Pãun, Nicolae (eds.),

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Godard, Simon (2018), Christian, Michel; Kott, Sandrine; Matějka, Ondřej (eds.),

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in general as there are other theoretical models of economic planning and modern

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The neglect of consumer need because of the challenge in measuring good quality.

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themselves under STP still made a variety of economic decisions autonomously.

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One 1986 publication compared Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) based on

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Maddison. 2001. The World Economy Volume 1: A Millennial Perspective, p.183

3383: 524: 8246: 8226: 8221: 8211: 8151: 8031: 7901: 7627: 7607: 7602: 7572: 7472: 6994: 6812: 6665: 6601: 6265: 6142: 5908: 5853: 5624: 5466: 5381: 5286: 5212: 4845: 4736: 3989:"Scandal in Riazan: Networks of Trust and the Social Dynamics of Deception" 3113: 3038: 2829: 2731: 2678: 2578: 2314: 2190: 2054: 2049: 2044: 2029: 1983: 1958: 1933: 1928: 1875: 1729: 1576: 1567:

analysis of the system of the Soviet economic planning describes it as the

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The Revolution Betrayed: What is the Soviet Union and where is it Going?

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http://ricardo.ecn.wfu.edu/~cottrell/socialism_book/soviet_planning.pdf

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Main Currents of Marxism: The Founders - The Golden Age - The Breakdown

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rely on assumptions not fulfilled in the Soviet system (especially the

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The History of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks)

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at a steep cost, price fixing's devastating effect on agricultural

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https://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~aldous/157/Papers/world_economy.pdf

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Leon Trotsky was among the earliest Soviet figures that supported

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United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (1980).

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United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (1950).

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United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (1950).

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An anti-innovation bias (also from fear of the ratchet effect).

2577:, and it can be seen in the works of Soviet economists such as 2454: 2260: 331: 8461: 8437: 6308: 1488: 6776: 5823: 5023: 4657:

https://www.marxists.org/archive/mandel/1986/09/planning.html

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Five-year plans for the national economy of the Soviet Union

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allocation of resources in a way that resulted in output of

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The Logic of the Planned Economy: The Seeds of the Collapse

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accounts for the quantity of consumer goods and services,

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Starting in the 1960s, following the market orientated

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Crimes against humanity under Marxist–Leninist regimes

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Comparing Economic Systems in the Twenty-First Century

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under Stalin had undermined the implementation of the

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Disintegration and Integration in East-Central Europe

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Disintegration and Integration in East-Central Europe

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Kritika: Explorations in Russian and Eurasian History

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Transition and Beyond: Essays in Honour of Mario Nuti

2981: 2961: 2941: 2910: 2890: 2870: 2850: 4504:"A Reassessment of the Soviet Industrial Revolution" 3246: 3411: 1647: 4655:Mandel, E. 1986. In Defence of Socialist Planning 4415:Cottarelli, Carlo; Bléjer, Mario I. (1992-01-01). 4166: 4164: 4162: 3932: 3024: 2967: 2947: 2923: 2896: 2876: 2856: 2773: 4445:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of September 2024 ( 4255: 3595:The Restoration of Capitalism in the Soviet Union 3338:. New York City: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 22. 3037:The second advantage is the ability to eliminate 8479: 4479: 4477: 4414: 4170: 3148:Scattering of resources, i.e. excessive spread ( 4458: 4456: 4159: 2742:" to describe the state of the Soviet economy. 3935:Cogs in the Wheel: The Formation of Soviet Man 3483:. Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing. p. 9. 3412:Steiner, André; Petrak-Jones, Kirsten (2013). 3116:activity because of fixed resource allocation. 3088:Macroeconomic disadvantages included systemic 3025:{\displaystyle P\times Q=Y+{\mathit {TP}}-S-T} 6351: 6133:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 4727:Aggravation of class struggle under socialism 4692: 4474: 4213: 3521:Trotsky and the Problem of Soviet Bureaucracy 2730:Widespread shortage of goods and failures of 2479: 1513: 1281:Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine 4595: 4453: 4171:Zatonski, Mateusz; Zatonski, Witold (2016). 4128:United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S) 4084:United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S) 4040:United Nations Statistical Yearbook (Ser. S) 3692:"Optimizing things in the USSR · Chris Said" 1639:taking a survey of available inputs and raw 3498: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3490: 2864:represents the general retail price level, 6358: 6344: 5531:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR 4699: 4685: 3959: 3877: 3547:"Socialism in One Country: A Reassessment" 3478: 2762:to hide them, were blamed on sabotage and 2486: 2472: 1520: 1506: 680:Economic Problems of Socialism in the USSR 6093:Communist Party of the Russian Federation 4395:. London; New York: Routledge. p. 8. 3752: 3638: 3502: 3472: 1236:Communist Party of the Russian Federation 6226:Criticism of Marxist–Leninist party rule 4936:General Secretary of the Communist Party 4560: 4528: 4390: 4384: 4173:"Health in the Polish People's Republic" 3986: 3905: 3726: 3601:(1st ed.). Wembley: Selecteditions. 3507:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. pp. 1–2. 3487: 3481:The Russian Economy: From Lenin to Putin 3365: 2904:is total household income (wages paid), 2621: 2564:Soviet-type planning is not the same as 2543: 6813:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Gonzalo Thought 6118:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party 3611: 3544: 3469:. "Material Balance Planning", (p. 127) 3304: 3119:Low quality of Soviet goods induced by 2508:Soviet grain procurement crisis of 1928 1261:Kampuchean People's Revolutionary Party 14: 8480: 6818:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism–Prachanda Path 6196:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) 5516:Dialectical and Historical Materialism 5128:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 4300: 3930: 3847: 3665: 3333: 2807:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 1610:Council for Mutual Economic Assistance 1342:All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) 668:Dialectical and Historical Materialism 337:Socialism with Chinese characteristics 8343:International socialist organizations 6339: 5595:Industrialization in the Soviet Union 4680: 4501: 4335: 4331: 4329: 4296: 4294: 3901: 3899: 3873: 3871: 3869: 3843: 3841: 3642:The Prophet: The Life of Leon Trotsky 3591: 3517: 3407: 3405: 3403: 3401: 3399: 3397: 3395: 3393: 2660: 844:Consolidation of the Cuban Revolution 765:Industrialization in the Soviet Union 700:Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-tung 168:Intensification of the class struggle 6138:Sandinista National Liberation Front 5590:Collectivization in the Soviet Union 4706: 3511: 3361: 3359: 2588:, Trotsky argued that the excessive 1627: 1286:Sandinista National Liberation Front 760:Collectivization in the Soviet Union 29: 8424: 6147:Militarized Communist Party of Peru 6098:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 4896:Socialist state of the whole people 4592:Rosefielde, 19. Jeffries 7, 15, 19. 3639:Deutscher, Isaac (5 January 2015). 3585: 2715:, the Soviet economy suffered from 2500:Five-year plans of the Soviet Union 1241:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 24: 6286:State ideology of the Soviet Union 6088:Communist Party of the Philippines 6078:Communist Party of India (Marxist) 4393:A Guide to the Socialist Economies 4326: 4291: 3896: 3866: 3838: 3777:"Russia pays off Paris Club debts" 3390: 3100:and the loss of the advantages of 3002: 2913: 2626:"Catch up and overtake" (Russian: 2526:assumption of economic rationality 1614:Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991 1582: 1440:State ideology of the Soviet Union 673:The History of the Communist Party 25: 8514: 5144:Scientific Outlook on Development 4759:Commanding heights of the economy 3733:American Journal of Public Health 3356: 2844:to the following equation, where 2605:along with the priority focus on 2460:Business and economics portal 1373:Criticism of communist party rule 705:President Ho Chi Minh's Testament 143:Commanding heights of the economy 8460: 8448: 8436: 8423: 8412: 8411: 6319: 6307: 6123:Lao People's Revolutionary Party 5541:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism 4916:Civilian control of the military 4871:People's democratic dictatorship 4342:Journal of Productivity Analysis 3551:Studies in East European Thought 3277: 3263: 3249: 3072: 2688:figure fell to $ 3,893 by 1998. 2532:The USSR practiced some form of 2453: 1648:Analysis of Soviet-type planning 1487: 1475: 1463: 1266:Lao People's Revolutionary Party 690:Fundamentals of Marxism–Leninism 675:of the Soviet Union (Bolsheviks) 89: 34: 8267: 7788: 7444: 7405: 7381: 7089:Dictatorship of the proletariat 4866:Dictatorship of the proletariat 4841:Theory of the productive forces 4661: 4649: 4640: 4631: 4622: 4613: 4604: 4586: 4554: 4522: 4495: 4486: 4465: 4408: 4399: 4249: 4207: 4115: 4071: 4027: 3980: 3953: 3924: 3814: 3790: 3769: 3727:Cereseto, Shirley (June 1986). 3720: 3708: 3684: 3659: 3632: 3605: 3518:Twiss, Thomas M. (8 May 2014). 3461:, 2003, by Gregory and Stuart. 2774:Performance in the Eastern Bloc 1587: 259:Theory of the productive forces 7332:Organizational self-management 5818:People's Republic of Kampuchea 5536:A Critique of Soviet Economics 4891:State of socialist orientation 4433:10.5089/9781451947106.024.A002 3538: 3452: 3327: 3298: 2924:{\displaystyle {\mathit {TP}}} 685:A Critique of Soviet Economics 13: 1: 7312:Free association of producers 7069:Critique of political economy 6365: 4752:Soviet-type economic planning 4722:Administrative-command system 3882:. National Geographic Books. 3645:. Verso Books. p. 1141. 3618:. Mehring Books. p. 28. 3291: 3241:Administrative-command system 2835: 2628:Кто кого? Догнать и перегнать 2355:Commons-based peer production 2075:Socialism of the 21st century 1569:administrative-command system 1533:Soviet-type economic planning 126:Soviet-type economic planning 106:Administrative-command system 8399:Socialist calculation debate 8374:Economic calculation problem 7352:Socialist mode of production 6083:Communist Party of Kampuchea 5705:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 5630:Chinese Communist Revolution 4941:Highest organ of state power 4804:Proletarian internationalism 4508:Comparative Economic Studies 3503:Dembinski, Pawel H. (1991). 3366:Dragomir, Elena (May 2015). 3221:Socialist calculation debate 1231:Communist Party of Kampuchea 874:Hungarian Revolution of 1956 205:Proletarian internationalism 7: 8488:Economy of the Soviet Union 8467:Organized Labour portal 7206:Socialisation of production 6113:Indochinese Communist Party 5750:Maoist insurgency in Turkey 5745:New People's Army rebellion 5526:Britain's Road to Socialism 4851:Wars of national liberation 4307:Planning in Cold War Europe 4124:"Statistical Yearbook 1978" 4080:"Statistical Yearbook 1948" 4036:"Statistical Yearbook 1948" 3960:Kravchenko, Victor (1988). 3878:Kołakowski, Leszek (2008). 3479:Rosefielde, Steven (2007). 3430:10.13109/gege.2013.39.2.240 3418:Geschichte und Gesellschaft 3191:Economy of the Soviet Union 3173: 2975:is direct household taxes: 2617: 2575:1965 Soviet Economic Reform 1539:) is the specific model of 1256:Indochinese Communist Party 274:Wars of national liberation 10: 8519: 7713:Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin 7538:Victor Prosper Considerant 6231:Marxist schools of thought 6158:Portuguese Communist Party 6103:Communist Party of Vietnam 5096:Kaysone Phomvihane Thought 3906:Shmyelov, Nikolay (1987). 3524:. BRILL. pp. 88–113. 2783:The destruction caused by 2664: 2497: 1631: 1383:Marxist schools of thought 1276:Party of Labour of Albania 1246:Communist Party of Vietnam 8407: 8356: 8333: 8265: 7786: 7578:William Batchelder Greene 7513:Francisco Largo Caballero 7442: 7403: 7379: 7370: 7249: 7039: 6911: 6866: 6693: 6529: 6388: 6375: 6303: 6189: 6165: 6108:Communist Party of Malaya 6063:Communist Party of Brazil 6036: 5777: 5760:Internal conflict in Peru 5553: 5504: 5225: 5036:Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism 4984: 4946:Leading role of the party 4903: 4881:National-democratic state 4876:People's democratic state 4859: 4714: 4354:10.1007/s11123-007-0068-0 3822:"ROMANIA | Club de Paris" 3321:10.1080/09668138508411571 3201:Material balance planning 2955:is household saving, and 2778: 1849:Socialist-oriented market 1634:Material balance planning 7723:Friedrich Wilhelm Schulz 7216:Socialist market economy 6073:Communist Party of India 6043:Albanian Party of Labour 5166:Bill of Rights socialism 4819:Socialism in one country 4789:Marxist–Leninist atheism 3987:Gorlizki, Yoram (2013). 3931:Heller, Mikhail (1988). 3852:. Elsevier Science Ltd. 3798:"POLAND | Club de Paris" 3666:Ellman, Michael (1973). 3123:them from world markets. 2793:Polish People's Republic 1621:Romanian Communist Party 1226:Communist Party of India 225:Socialism in one country 180:Marxist–Leninist atheism 7434:Étienne-Gabriel Morelly 7424:Gabriel Bonnot de Mably 7104:Equality of opportunity 7059:Criticism of capitalism 6808:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 6565:Left-wing laissez-faire 6281:State ideology of China 6153:Workers' Party of Korea 6068:Communist Party of Cuba 6058:Chinese Communist Party 5715:Portuguese Colonial War 5511:Foundations of Leninism 5063:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 4774:Dialectical materialism 4619:Jeffries, 8, 13-15, 22. 4336:Weill, Laurent (2008). 4136:10.18356/5dadf2e8-en-fr 4092:10.18356/0ca7e1ac-en-fr 4048:10.18356/0ca7e1ac-en-fr 3563:10.1023/A:1008651325136 3384:10.1111/1468-2281.12083 3043:frictional unemployment 3041:(with the exception of 2536:beginning in 1918 with 1435:State ideology of China 1361:under communist regimes 1359:Crimes against humanity 1319:Marxism–Leninism–Maoism 1291:Workers' Party of Korea 1221:Communist Party of Cuba 1216:Chinese Communist Party 884:Portuguese Colonial War 710:The Governance of China 663:Foundations of Leninism 210:Protracted people's war 158:Dialectical materialism 8092:José Carlos Mariátegui 8037:E. M. S. Namboodiripad 8022:Martin Luther King Jr. 7703:Luis Emilio Recabarren 7698:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon 7633:Alexandre Ledru-Rollin 7322:Labor-time calculation 7287:Decentralized planning 7191:Proletarian revolution 7146:State-owned enterprise 7064:Criticism of socialism 6003:Bosnia and Herzegovina 5337:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 5247:Khorloogiin Choibalsan 4574:Cite journal requires 4542:Cite journal requires 4502:Allen, Robert (2005). 4435:(inactive 2024-09-19). 4391:Jeffries, Ian (1989). 4195:Cite journal requires 3848:Kornai, János (1980). 3612:Trotsky, Leon (1991). 3545:Van Ree, Erik (1998). 3181:Eastern Bloc economies 3026: 2969: 2949: 2925: 2898: 2878: 2858: 2768:Novocherkassk massacre 2631: 2561: 1251:French Communist Party 1161:Bosnia and Herzegovina 470:Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej 385:Khorloogiin Choibalsan 45:is missing information 8430:Socialism WikiProject 8192:Léopold Sédar Senghor 7897:Cornelius Castoriadis 7763:Alfred Russel Wallace 7528:Nikolay Chernyshevsky 7493:Louis Auguste Blanqui 7453:Stephen Pearl Andrews 7282:Cooperative ownership 6803:Maoism–Third Worldism 6246:Post-Marxism–Leninism 6128:Nepal Communist Party 5725:Nicaraguan Revolution 5695:Albanian–Soviet split 5392:Mengistu Haile Mariam 4931:Democratic centralism 4921:Collective leadership 4005:10.1353/kri.2013.0023 3850:Economics of Shortage 3745:10.2105/ajph.76.6.661 3592:Bland, W. B. (1980). 3163:distorted information 3027: 2970: 2950: 2926: 2899: 2879: 2859: 2625: 2547: 1271:Nepal Communist Party 894:Nicaraguan Revolution 530:Mengistu Haile Mariam 148:Democratic centralism 138:Collective leadership 8455:Communism portal 8443:Socialism portal 8394:Socialism by country 8002:Pablo Iglesias Posse 7708:Henri de Saint-Simon 7663:Nikolay Mikhaylovsky 7317:Industrial democracy 7124:History of socialism 7119:History of communism 7114:History of anarchism 6326:Communism portal 6314:Socialism portal 5813:Democratic Kampuchea 5720:Black Power movement 5685:Non-Aligned Movement 4824:Socialist patriotism 3067:capital accumulation 2979: 2959: 2939: 2908: 2888: 2868: 2848: 2594:First five-year plan 2385:Newly industrialized 2128:Collective ownership 1989:Vertical archipelago 1541:centralized planning 1494:Socialism portal 1470:Communism portal 889:Black power movement 859:Non-Aligned Movement 230:Socialist patriotism 18:Soviet-type planning 8197:George Bernard Shaw 8112:François Mitterrand 8027:Alexandra Kollontai 8007:Jayaprakash Narayan 7688:Constantin Pecqueur 7508:Philippe Buonarroti 7463:John Goodwyn Barmby 7362:Workplace democracy 7272:Calculation in kind 7262:Anarchist economics 7211:Socialist economics 7109:Equality of outcome 7049:Anarchist economics 6761:Ho Chi Minh Thought 6678:Orthodox Trotskyism 6634:Libertarian Marxism 6629:Left-libertarianism 6236:National Bolshevism 5770:Revolutions of 1989 5755:Sino-Albanian split 5740:Naxalite insurgency 5730:Cultural Revolution 5610:Great Patriotic War 5462:Nur Muhammad Taraki 5008:Ho Chi Minh Thought 4926:Cult of personality 4764:Developed socialism 3939:. Alfred A. Knopf. 3908:"Credits and debts" 3372:Historical Research 3257:Soviet Union portal 3226:Socialist economics 2752:New Economic Policy 2740:economy of shortage 2725:dissolution of USSR 2675:Socialist emulation 2586:Revolution Betrayed 2370:Inclusive Democracy 1482:Politics portal 1388:National Bolshevism 1378:Cult of personality 914:Revolutions of 1989 909:Naxalite insurgency 899:Cultural Revolution 785:Great Patriotic War 640:Wojciech Jaruzelski 600:Nur Muhammad Taraki 307:Ho Chi Minh Thought 8379:Marxist philosophy 8296:Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu 8122:Gamal Abdel Nasser 8077:Alasdair MacIntyre 7852:Simone de Beauvoir 7623:Ferdinand Lassalle 7390:Tommaso Campanella 7337:Production for use 7297:Economic democracy 7166:Mode of production 7156:Left-wing politics 7135:The Internationale 6823:Xi Jinping Thought 5765:Nepalese Civil War 5710:Great Leap Forward 5472:Pushpa Kamal Dahal 5347:Kaysone Phomvihane 5149:Xi Jinping Thought 4784:Labour aristocracy 4637:Dembinski, 76, 80. 3150:raspylenie sredstv 3022: 2965: 2945: 2921: 2894: 2874: 2854: 2813:economic sanctions 2661:Actual performance 2632: 2598:conscious wreckers 2562: 2308:Material balancing 1790:Buddhist economics 919:Nepalese Civil War 879:Great Leap Forward 807:Chinese Revolution 480:Kaysone Phomvihane 195:People's democracy 133:Collective farming 8493:Economic planning 8475: 8474: 8348:Socialist parties 8329: 8328: 8232:Ram Manohar Lohia 8172:Gaetano Salvemini 7967:Mikhail Gorbachev 7678:Antonie Pannekoek 7307:Equal opportunity 7302:Economic planning 7035: 7034: 6924:African-Caribbean 6912:Regional variants 6644:Council communism 6512:Saint-Simonianism 6333: 6332: 5700:Sino-Soviet split 5660:Tito–Stalin split 5605:Spanish Civil War 5546:Guerrilla Warfare 5505:Theoretical works 5437:Władysław Gomułka 5412:Nicolae Ceaușescu 5372:Nikos Zachariadis 5292:Nikita Khrushchev 5267:Palmiro Togliatti 4966:Transmission belt 4911:Central committee 4769:Dialectical logic 4271:978-3-8487-1330-1 4229:978-3-8487-1330-1 4145:978-92-1-045297-7 4101:978-92-1-045326-4 4057:978-92-1-045326-4 3652:978-1-78168-721-5 3625:978-0-929087-48-1 3531:978-90-04-26953-8 3345:978-0-230-54697-4 3186:Economic planning 3112:Encouragement of 3092:, the pursuit of 2968:{\displaystyle T} 2948:{\displaystyle S} 2933:transfer payments 2897:{\displaystyle Y} 2877:{\displaystyle Q} 2857:{\displaystyle P} 2744:Leszek Kołakowski 2738:coined the term " 2667:Era of Stagnation 2566:economic planning 2550:economic planning 2518:Pareto efficiency 2496: 2495: 2006:By regional model 1800:Sabbath economics 1628:Material balances 1530: 1529: 869:Sino-Soviet split 775:Spanish Civil War 695:Guerrilla Warfare 657:Theoretical works 575:Władysław Gomułka 555:Nicolae Ceaușescu 505:Nikos Zachariadis 425:Nikita Khrushchev 405:Palmiro Togliatti 175:Labor aristocracy 153:Dialectical logic 68: 67: 16:(Redirected from 8510: 8498:Marxism–Leninism 8465: 8464: 8453: 8452: 8451: 8441: 8440: 8427: 8426: 8415: 8414: 8316:Yanis Varoufakis 8269: 8182:Jean-Paul Sartre 8167:Bertrand Russell 8142:Sylvia Pankhurst 8127:Jawaharlal Nehru 7997:Dolores Ibárruri 7962:Einar Gerhardsen 7942:Alexander Dubček 7892:Nikolai Bukharin 7802:Salvador Allende 7790: 7773:Wilhelm Weitling 7758:Suzanne Voilquin 7743:William Thompson 7733:Lysander Spooner 7693:Georgi Plekhanov 7683:Giovanni Pascoli 7648:Errico Malatesta 7643:Helen Macfarlane 7588:Alexander Herzen 7563:Friedrich Engels 7558:Prosper Enfantin 7553:W. E. B. Du Bois 7523:Edward Carpenter 7483:Eduard Bernstein 7446: 7429:Sylvain Maréchal 7407: 7383: 7377: 7376: 7342:Public ownership 7292:Direct democracy 7277:Common ownership 7241:Workers' council 7226:State capitalism 7141:Internationalism 7074:Critique of work 7054:Anti-revisionism 6736:Marxism–Leninism 6570:Left-wing market 6527: 6526: 6487:Social democracy 6370: 6360: 6353: 6346: 6337: 6336: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6312: 6311: 6271:State capitalism 5675:De-Stalinization 5670:Cuban Revolution 5492:Gennady Zyuganov 5477:Rohana Wijeweera 5332:Klement Gottwald 5327:Valko Chervenkov 5312:Lazar Kaganovich 5272:Dolores Ibárruri 5139:Three Represents 5084:Intercommunalism 4904:Political system 4747:Central planning 4742:Anti-revisionism 4732:Anti-imperialism 4708:Marxism–Leninism 4701: 4694: 4687: 4678: 4677: 4671: 4665: 4659: 4653: 4647: 4644: 4638: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4620: 4617: 4611: 4608: 4602: 4599: 4593: 4590: 4584: 4583: 4577: 4572: 4570: 4562: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4545: 4540: 4538: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4519: 4517: 4515: 4499: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4481: 4472: 4469: 4463: 4460: 4451: 4450: 4444: 4436: 4421:IMF Staff Papers 4412: 4406: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4333: 4324: 4323: 4322: 4321: 4298: 4289: 4288: 4287: 4286: 4253: 4247: 4246: 4245: 4244: 4211: 4205: 4204: 4198: 4193: 4191: 4183: 4181: 4179: 4168: 4157: 4156: 4154: 4152: 4119: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4108: 4075: 4069: 4068: 4066: 4064: 4031: 4025: 4024: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3957: 3951: 3950: 3938: 3928: 3922: 3921: 3919: 3918: 3903: 3894: 3893: 3875: 3864: 3863: 3845: 3836: 3835: 3833: 3832: 3818: 3812: 3811: 3809: 3808: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3784: 3773: 3767: 3766: 3756: 3724: 3718: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3703: 3702: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3663: 3657: 3656: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3609: 3603: 3602: 3600: 3589: 3583: 3582: 3542: 3536: 3535: 3515: 3509: 3508: 3500: 3485: 3484: 3476: 3470: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3409: 3388: 3387: 3378:(240): 355–379. 3363: 3354: 3353: 3331: 3325: 3324: 3302: 3287: 3285:Economics portal 3282: 3281: 3273: 3271:Communism portal 3268: 3267: 3266: 3259: 3254: 3253: 3252: 3231:State capitalism 3216:Project Cybersyn 3059:Marxist–Leninist 3031: 3029: 3028: 3023: 3009: 3008: 2974: 2972: 2971: 2966: 2954: 2952: 2951: 2946: 2930: 2928: 2927: 2922: 2920: 2919: 2903: 2901: 2900: 2895: 2883: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2863: 2861: 2860: 2855: 2693:infant mortality 2590:authoritarianism 2556:but opposed the 2554:decentralization 2534:central planning 2488: 2481: 2474: 2458: 2457: 2216:Municipalization 2201:Financialization 2171:Collectivization 2153:Social ownership 2143:Private property 2137:Common ownership 2095:Common ownership 1909:Closed (autarky) 1866:State capitalism 1844:Socialist market 1829:Market socialist 1665:Economic systems 1652: 1651: 1548:socialist states 1545:Marxist–Leninist 1522: 1515: 1508: 1492: 1491: 1480: 1479: 1468: 1467: 1466: 1425:State capitalism 849:De-Stalinization 630:Gennady Zyuganov 610:Rohana Wijeweera 465:Klement Gottwald 460:Valko Chervenkov 445:Lazar Kaganovich 121:Central planning 116:Anti-revisionism 111:Anti-imperialism 93: 83:Marxism–Leninism 70: 69: 63: 60: 54: 38: 30: 21: 8518: 8517: 8513: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8508: 8507: 8478: 8477: 8476: 8471: 8459: 8449: 8447: 8435: 8403: 8352: 8325: 8261: 8187:Arthur Scargill 8157:Pierre Renaudel 7977:Antonio Gramsci 7957:Muammar Gaddafi 7952:Faiz Ahmad Faiz 7947:Albert Einstein 7887:Aristide Briand 7877:Murray Bookchin 7872:Grace Lee Boggs 7857:Walter Benjamin 7827:Chiang Kai-shek 7807:Inejirō Asanuma 7782: 7753:Benjamin Tucker 7613:Peter Kropotkin 7593:Thomas Hodgskin 7568:Charles Fourier 7548:Théodore Dézamy 7498:Philippe Buchez 7458:Mikhail Bakunin 7438: 7414:Gracchus Babeuf 7399: 7366: 7347:Social dividend 7245: 7221:Socialist state 7186:Post-capitalism 7181:Planned economy 7176:Nationalization 7041: 7031: 6907: 6862: 6697: 6689: 6587:Insurrectionary 6533: 6525: 6391: 6384: 6371: 6366: 6364: 6334: 6329: 6320: 6318: 6306: 6299: 6296:Totalitarianism 6276:State socialism 6185: 6161: 6032: 5773: 5615:Greek Civil War 5549: 5500: 5452:Mathieu Kérékou 5357:Leonid Brezhnev 5322:Bolesław Bierut 5317:Georgi Dimitrov 5302:Josip Broz Tito 5297:Walter Ulbricht 5221: 5068:Gonzalo Thought 4980: 4899: 4886:Socialist state 4855: 4710: 4705: 4675: 4674: 4666: 4662: 4654: 4650: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4632: 4627: 4623: 4618: 4614: 4610:Rosefielde, 19. 4609: 4605: 4600: 4596: 4591: 4587: 4575: 4573: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4543: 4541: 4532: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4513: 4511: 4500: 4496: 4491: 4487: 4482: 4475: 4470: 4466: 4461: 4454: 4438: 4437: 4413: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4389: 4385: 4334: 4327: 4319: 4317: 4299: 4292: 4284: 4282: 4272: 4254: 4250: 4242: 4240: 4230: 4212: 4208: 4196: 4194: 4185: 4184: 4177: 4175: 4169: 4160: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4120: 4116: 4106: 4104: 4102: 4076: 4072: 4062: 4060: 4058: 4032: 4028: 3985: 3981: 3974: 3966:. Transaction. 3963:I Chose Freedom 3958: 3954: 3947: 3929: 3925: 3916: 3914: 3904: 3897: 3890: 3876: 3867: 3860: 3846: 3839: 3830: 3828: 3826:clubdeparis.org 3820: 3819: 3815: 3806: 3804: 3802:clubdeparis.org 3796: 3795: 3791: 3782: 3780: 3775: 3774: 3770: 3725: 3721: 3713: 3709: 3700: 3698: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3678: 3670:. CUP Archive. 3664: 3660: 3653: 3637: 3633: 3626: 3610: 3606: 3598: 3590: 3586: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3516: 3512: 3501: 3488: 3477: 3473: 3457: 3453: 3410: 3391: 3364: 3357: 3346: 3332: 3328: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3283: 3276: 3269: 3264: 3262: 3255: 3250: 3248: 3245: 3236:State socialism 3211:Planned economy 3176: 3142:shturmovshchina 3094:full employment 3075: 3047:business cycles 3001: 3000: 2980: 2977: 2976: 2960: 2957: 2956: 2940: 2937: 2936: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2906: 2905: 2889: 2886: 2885: 2869: 2866: 2865: 2849: 2846: 2845: 2838: 2809: 2781: 2776: 2713:Kosygin Reforms 2697:life expectancy 2681: 2663: 2636:state socialist 2620: 2612:Left Opposition 2570:mixed economies 2510: 2504:Scissors Crisis 2492: 2452: 2445: 2444: 2410:Post-industrial 2405:Post-capitalist 2365:Hunter-gatherer 2350: 2342: 2341: 2256: 2248: 2247: 2226:Nationalization 2186:Demutualization 2181:Corporatization 2166: 2158: 2157: 2148:State ownership 2123: 2115: 2114: 2090: 2082: 2081: 2007: 1999: 1998: 1969:Robinson Crusoe 1904: 1903:By coordination 1896: 1895: 1880:Traditionalist 1740:Neomercantilist 1700: 1692: 1673: 1650: 1636: 1630: 1590: 1585: 1583:Characteristics 1550:modeled on the 1526: 1486: 1474: 1464: 1462: 1455: 1454: 1450:Totalitarianism 1430:State socialism 1360: 1337: 1329: 1328: 1304: 1296: 1295: 1201: 1193: 1192: 932: 924: 923: 792:Greek Civil War 723: 715: 714: 674: 658: 650: 649: 590:Mathieu Kérékou 490:Leonid Brezhnev 455:Bolesław Bierut 450:Georgi Dimitrov 435:Josip Broz Tito 430:Walter Ulbricht 360: 352: 351: 292: 284: 283: 185:One-party state 170:under socialism 169: 101: 64: 58: 55: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8516: 8506: 8505: 8500: 8495: 8490: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8469: 8457: 8445: 8433: 8421: 8408: 8405: 8404: 8402: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8360: 8358: 8354: 8353: 8351: 8350: 8345: 8339: 8337: 8331: 8330: 8327: 8326: 8324: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8276:Pedro Castillo 8272: 8270: 8263: 8262: 8260: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8239: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8219: 8217:E. P. Thompson 8214: 8209: 8204: 8199: 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8177:Bernie Sanders 8174: 8169: 8164: 8162:B. T. Ranadive 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8129: 8124: 8119: 8114: 8109: 8104: 8099: 8097:Adrien Marquet 8094: 8089: 8087:Nelson Mandela 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8067:Rosa Luxemburg 8064: 8059: 8057:Vladimir Lenin 8054: 8049: 8047:Henri Lefebvre 8044: 8039: 8034: 8029: 8024: 8019: 8014: 8012:Russell Jacoby 8009: 8004: 7999: 7994: 7992:Saddam Hussein 7989: 7984: 7979: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7932:Eugene V. Debs 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7899: 7894: 7889: 7884: 7882:Bertolt Brecht 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7849: 7844: 7842:Henri Barbusse 7839: 7834: 7829: 7824: 7819: 7817:Clement Attlee 7814: 7812:Hafez al-Assad 7809: 7804: 7799: 7793: 7791: 7784: 7783: 7781: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7738:Fred M. Taylor 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7670: 7668:William Morris 7665: 7660: 7655: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7615: 7610: 7605: 7600: 7595: 7590: 7585: 7580: 7575: 7570: 7565: 7560: 7555: 7550: 7545: 7540: 7535: 7533:James Connolly 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7490: 7485: 7480: 7478:Edward Bellamy 7475: 7470: 7465: 7460: 7455: 7449: 7447: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7419:Victor d'Hupay 7416: 7410: 7408: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7397: 7392: 7386: 7384: 7374: 7368: 7367: 7365: 7364: 7359: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7339: 7334: 7329: 7327:Labour voucher 7324: 7319: 7314: 7309: 7304: 7299: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7253: 7251: 7247: 7246: 7244: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7131: 7126: 7121: 7116: 7111: 7106: 7101: 7096: 7094:Egalitarianism 7091: 7086: 7081: 7079:Class struggle 7076: 7071: 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6372: 6363: 6362: 6355: 6348: 6340: 6331: 6330: 6328: 6316: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6298: 6293: 6291:Third-Worldism 6288: 6283: 6278: 6273: 6268: 6263: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6238: 6233: 6228: 6223: 6213: 6208: 6201:Anti-communism 6198: 6193: 6191: 6187: 6186: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6167: 6166:Related topics 6163: 6162: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6038: 6034: 6033: 6031: 6025: 6020: 6015: 6010: 6005: 5996: 5991: 5986: 5980: 5975: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5906: 5901: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5845: 5839:Czechoslovakia 5836: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5815: 5806: 5801: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5779: 5775: 5774: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5707: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5687: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5667: 5662: 5657: 5651: 5646: 5641: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5602: 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3813: 3789: 3768: 3739:(6): 661–666. 3719: 3707: 3683: 3676: 3658: 3651: 3631: 3624: 3604: 3584: 3537: 3530: 3510: 3486: 3471: 3451: 3424:(2): 240–258. 3389: 3355: 3344: 3326: 3315:(1): 118–130. 3308:Soviet Studies 3296: 3295: 3293: 3290: 3289: 3288: 3274: 3260: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3233: 3228: 3223: 3218: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3198: 3193: 3188: 3183: 3177: 3175: 3172: 3154: 3153: 3146: 3137: 3134: 3131:ratchet effect 3127: 3124: 3117: 3074: 3071: 3021: 3018: 3015: 3012: 3007: 3004: 2999: 2996: 2993: 2990: 2987: 2984: 2964: 2944: 2918: 2915: 2893: 2873: 2853: 2837: 2834: 2808: 2805: 2780: 2777: 2775: 2772: 2685:GDP per capita 2671:Ryazan miracle 2662: 2659: 2654:balance sheets 2619: 2616: 2607:heavy industry 2494: 2493: 2491: 2490: 2483: 2476: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2463: 2462: 2447: 2446: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2432: 2427: 2422: 2420:Resource-based 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2392: 2387: 2382: 2377: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2357: 2351: 2348: 2347: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2337: 2332: 2327: 2317: 2312: 2311: 2310: 2305: 2300: 2295: 2285: 2284: 2283: 2278: 2273: 2263: 2257: 2254: 2253: 2250: 2249: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2243: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2206:Liberalization 2203: 2198: 2193: 2188: 2183: 2178: 2173: 2167: 2164: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2156: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2130: 2124: 2122:Property types 2121: 2120: 2117: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2102: 2097: 2091: 2088: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2078: 2077: 2071:Latin America 2069: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2057: 2052: 2047: 2042: 2034: 2033: 2032: 2027: 2022: 2017: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2001: 2000: 1997: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1951: 1946: 1941: 1936: 1931: 1926: 1921: 1916: 1911: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1893: 1892: 1891: 1886: 1878: 1873: 1868: 1863: 1862: 1861: 1856: 1851: 1846: 1841: 1836: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1811: 1810: 1809: 1804: 1803: 1802: 1792: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1764: 1759: 1758: 1757: 1752: 1747: 1742: 1737: 1732: 1727: 1722: 1717: 1707: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1693: 1691: 1690: 1685: 1680: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1667: 1661: 1660: 1649: 1646: 1632:Main article: 1629: 1626: 1589: 1586: 1584: 1581: 1528: 1527: 1525: 1524: 1517: 1510: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1497: 1496: 1484: 1472: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1452: 1447: 1445:Third-Worldism 1442: 1437: 1432: 1427: 1422: 1417: 1416: 1415: 1405: 1400: 1398:Post-communism 1395: 1390: 1385: 1380: 1375: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1347:Anti-communism 1344: 1338: 1335: 1334: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1326: 1321: 1316: 1311: 1305: 1303:Related topics 1302: 1301: 1298: 1297: 1294: 1293: 1288: 1283: 1278: 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1223: 1218: 1213: 1208: 1202: 1199: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1191: 1190: 1189: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1163: 1153: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1131: 1126: 1121: 1116: 1111: 1106: 1101: 1096: 1091: 1086: 1081: 1076: 1066: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1005: 1004: 999: 992:Czechoslovakia 989: 984: 979: 974: 973: 972: 967: 959: 954: 949: 944: 939: 933: 930: 929: 926: 925: 922: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 896: 891: 886: 881: 876: 871: 866: 861: 856: 851: 846: 841: 836: 835: 834: 829: 824: 819: 809: 804: 799: 794: 789: 788: 787: 777: 772: 767: 762: 757: 752: 751: 750: 745: 740: 735: 724: 721: 720: 717: 716: 713: 712: 707: 702: 697: 692: 687: 682: 677: 670: 665: 659: 656: 655: 652: 651: 648: 647: 642: 637: 632: 627: 622: 617: 612: 607: 602: 597: 592: 587: 585:Thomas Sankara 582: 577: 572: 570:Erich Honecker 567: 562: 557: 552: 547: 542: 537: 532: 527: 522: 520:Agostinho Neto 517: 512: 507: 502: 497: 492: 487: 485:Khalid Bakdash 482: 477: 472: 467: 462: 457: 452: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 415:Võ Nguyên Giáp 412: 407: 402: 400:Maurice Thorez 397: 392: 390:Ehmetjan Qasim 387: 382: 380:Ernst Thälmann 377: 372: 367: 365:Vladimir Lenin 361: 358: 357: 354: 353: 350: 349: 344: 339: 334: 329: 324: 319: 314: 309: 304: 299: 293: 290: 289: 286: 285: 282: 281: 276: 271: 266: 261: 256: 255: 254: 244: 243: 242: 237: 227: 222: 220:Social fascism 217: 215:Self-criticism 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 165: 160: 155: 150: 145: 140: 135: 130: 129: 128: 118: 113: 108: 102: 99: 98: 95: 94: 86: 85: 79: 78: 66: 65: 42: 40: 33: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8515: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8494: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8485: 8483: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8456: 8446: 8444: 8439: 8434: 8432: 8431: 8422: 8420: 8419: 8410: 8409: 8406: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8355: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8340: 8338: 8336: 8335:Organizations 8332: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8306:Lula da Silva 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8273: 8271: 8264: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8243: 8240: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8223: 8220: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8208: 8205: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8147:Fred Paterson 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8137:George Orwell 8135: 8133: 8130: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8118: 8115: 8113: 8110: 8108: 8107:Salama Moussa 8105: 8103: 8100: 8098: 8095: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8082:Nestor Makhno 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8062:György Lukács 8060: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8052:Claude Lefort 8050: 8048: 8045: 8043: 8040: 8038: 8035: 8033: 8030: 8028: 8025: 8023: 8020: 8018: 8015: 8013: 8010: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7995: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7987:Eric Hobsbawm 7985: 7983: 7982:Safdar Hashmi 7980: 7978: 7975: 7973: 7970: 7968: 7965: 7963: 7960: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7917:Jeremy Corbyn 7915: 7913: 7912:G. D. H. Cole 7910: 7908: 7905: 7903: 7900: 7898: 7895: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7853: 7850: 7848: 7845: 7843: 7840: 7838: 7835: 7833: 7832:Deng Xiaoping 7830: 7828: 7825: 7823: 7820: 7818: 7815: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7794: 7792: 7785: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7768:Josiah Warren 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7748:Pyotr Tkachev 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7669: 7666: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7658:Louise Michel 7656: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7641: 7639: 7638:Pierre Leroux 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7618:Paul Lafargue 7616: 7614: 7611: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7559: 7556: 7554: 7551: 7549: 7546: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7518:Étienne Cabet 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7503:Georg Büchner 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7468:Enrico Barone 7466: 7464: 7461: 7459: 7456: 7454: 7451: 7450: 7448: 7441: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7411: 7409: 7402: 7396: 7393: 7391: 7388: 7387: 7385: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7369: 7363: 7360: 7358: 7355: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7343: 7340: 7338: 7335: 7333: 7330: 7328: 7325: 7323: 7320: 7318: 7315: 7313: 7310: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7298: 7295: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7248: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7236:Welfare state 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7171:Nanosocialism 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7161:Mixed economy 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7136: 7132: 7130: 7129:Impossibilism 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7110: 7107: 7105: 7102: 7100: 7099:Equal liberty 7097: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7038: 7028: 7025: 7023: 7020: 7018: 7015: 7011: 7008: 7006: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6998: 6996: 6993: 6991: 6988: 6986: 6983: 6981: 6978: 6976: 6973: 6969: 6968:Eurocommunism 6966: 6965: 6964: 6961: 6955: 6952: 6951: 6950: 6947: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6940: 6937: 6935: 6932: 6930: 6927: 6925: 6922: 6920: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6892: 6889: 6887: 6884: 6883: 6882: 6879: 6877: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6869: 6865: 6857: 6854: 6853: 6852: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6836: 6835:Neo-Stalinism 6833: 6832: 6831: 6828: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6795: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6788:Khrushchevism 6786: 6784: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6747: 6744: 6742: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6728: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6719: 6715: 6712: 6711: 6710: 6707: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6696: 6695:Authoritarian 6692: 6686: 6683: 6679: 6676: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6645: 6642: 6641: 6640: 6637: 6636: 6635: 6632: 6630: 6627: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6582:Individualist 6580: 6578: 6575: 6571: 6568: 6566: 6563: 6562: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6532: 6528: 6518: 6515: 6514: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6494: 6493: 6490: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6477:Revolutionary 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6453: 6450: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6438: 6437: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6387: 6383: 6379: 6374: 6369: 6361: 6356: 6354: 6349: 6347: 6342: 6341: 6338: 6327: 6317: 6315: 6310: 6305: 6302: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6277: 6274: 6272: 6269: 6267: 6264: 6261: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6237: 6234: 6232: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6221: 6220:Mass killings 6217: 6214: 6212: 6209: 6206: 6205:Mass killings 6202: 6199: 6197: 6194: 6192: 6188: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6148: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6037:Organizations 6035: 6029: 6026: 6024: 6021: 6019: 6016: 6014: 6011: 6009: 6006: 6004: 6000: 5997: 5995: 5992: 5990: 5987: 5984: 5981: 5979: 5976: 5974: 5971: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5907: 5905: 5902: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5837: 5835: 5832: 5830: 5827: 5825: 5822: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5810: 5807: 5805: 5802: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5776: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5748: 5746: 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5735:Prague Spring 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5711: 5708: 5706: 5703: 5701: 5698: 5696: 5693: 5691: 5688: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5666: 5663: 5661: 5658: 5655: 5652: 5650: 5647: 5645: 5642: 5640: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5601: 5598: 5596: 5593: 5591: 5588: 5586: 5583: 5580: 5577: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5565: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5544: 5542: 5539: 5537: 5534: 5532: 5529: 5527: 5524: 5522: 5519: 5517: 5514: 5512: 5509: 5507: 5503: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5442:Samora Machel 5440: 5438: 5435: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5425: 5423: 5420: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5362:Deng Xiaoping 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5307:Mátyás Rákosi 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5243: 5240: 5238: 5235: 5233: 5232:Joseph Stalin 5230: 5228: 5224: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5202: 5198: 5196: 5195: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5174: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5163: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5150: 5147: 5145: 5142: 5140: 5137: 5135: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5123: 5120: 5118: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5090:New Communism 5088: 5085: 5081: 5079: 5076: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5060: 5058: 5055: 5053: 5052:Khrushchevism 5050: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5037: 5034: 5032: 5028: 5026: 5025: 5021: 5019: 5016: 5014: 5011: 5009: 5006: 5003: 5000: 4998: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4983: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4971:Unified power 4969: 4967: 4964: 4962: 4959: 4957: 4954: 4952: 4949: 4947: 4944: 4942: 4939: 4937: 4934: 4932: 4929: 4927: 4924: 4922: 4919: 4917: 4914: 4912: 4909: 4908: 4906: 4902: 4897: 4894: 4892: 4889: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4858: 4852: 4849: 4847: 4844: 4842: 4839: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4826: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4805: 4802: 4800: 4799:Popular front 4797: 4795: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4785: 4782: 4780: 4777: 4775: 4772: 4770: 4767: 4765: 4762: 4760: 4757: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4702: 4697: 4695: 4690: 4688: 4683: 4682: 4679: 4670: 4664: 4658: 4652: 4643: 4634: 4625: 4616: 4607: 4601:Jeffries, 15. 4598: 4589: 4581: 4568: 4557: 4549: 4536: 4525: 4509: 4505: 4498: 4489: 4480: 4478: 4468: 4462:Jeffries, 12. 4459: 4457: 4448: 4442: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4422: 4418: 4411: 4405:Jeffries, 16. 4402: 4394: 4387: 4379: 4375: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4332: 4330: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4297: 4295: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4221: 4217: 4210: 4202: 4189: 4174: 4167: 4165: 4163: 4147: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4129: 4125: 4118: 4103: 4097: 4093: 4089: 4085: 4081: 4074: 4059: 4053: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4030: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4010: 4006: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3975: 3969: 3965: 3964: 3956: 3948: 3942: 3937: 3936: 3927: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3900: 3891: 3885: 3881: 3874: 3872: 3870: 3861: 3855: 3851: 3844: 3842: 3827: 3823: 3817: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3778: 3772: 3764: 3760: 3755: 3750: 3746: 3742: 3738: 3734: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3697: 3696:chris-said.io 3693: 3687: 3679: 3677:9780521202497 3673: 3669: 3662: 3654: 3648: 3644: 3643: 3635: 3627: 3621: 3617: 3616: 3608: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3557:(2): 77–117. 3556: 3552: 3548: 3541: 3533: 3527: 3523: 3522: 3514: 3506: 3499: 3497: 3495: 3493: 3491: 3482: 3475: 3468: 3467:0-618-26181-8 3464: 3460: 3455: 3447: 3443: 3439: 3435: 3431: 3427: 3423: 3419: 3415: 3408: 3406: 3404: 3402: 3400: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3373: 3369: 3362: 3360: 3352: 3347: 3341: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3309: 3301: 3297: 3286: 3280: 3275: 3272: 3261: 3258: 3247: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3222: 3219: 3217: 3214: 3212: 3209: 3207: 3204: 3202: 3199: 3197: 3194: 3192: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3182: 3179: 3178: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3160: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3143: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3128: 3125: 3122: 3118: 3115: 3111: 3110: 3109: 3106: 3103: 3099: 3095: 3091: 3086: 3084: 3083:microeconomic 3080: 3079:macroeconomic 3073:Disadvantages 3070: 3068: 3062: 3060: 3055: 3054:externalities 3050: 3048: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3032: 3019: 3016: 3013: 3010: 2997: 2994: 2991: 2988: 2985: 2982: 2962: 2942: 2934: 2891: 2871: 2851: 2841: 2833: 2831: 2825: 2821: 2817: 2814: 2804: 2800: 2798: 2794: 2790: 2786: 2771: 2769: 2765: 2759: 2757: 2756:War Communism 2753: 2748: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2728: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2709: 2706: 2702: 2701:literacy rate 2698: 2694: 2689: 2686: 2680: 2676: 2672: 2668: 2658: 2655: 2650: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2629: 2624: 2615: 2613: 2608: 2604: 2603:consumer base 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2584:In his work, 2582: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2546: 2542: 2539: 2538:War Communism 2535: 2530: 2527: 2521: 2519: 2515: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2489: 2484: 2482: 2477: 2475: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2450: 2449: 2448: 2441: 2438: 2436: 2433: 2431: 2428: 2426: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2416: 2415:Post-scarcity 2413: 2411: 2408: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2391: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2373: 2371: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2361: 2360:Expeditionary 2358: 2356: 2353: 2352: 2346: 2345: 2336: 2333: 2331: 2328: 2326: 2323: 2322: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2309: 2306: 2304: 2301: 2299: 2296: 2294: 2291: 2290: 2289: 2286: 2282: 2279: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2268: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2252: 2251: 2242: 2239: 2238: 2237: 2236:Socialization 2234: 2232: 2231:Privatization 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2221:Mutualization 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2211:Marketization 2209: 2207: 2204: 2202: 2199: 2197: 2196:Expropriation 2194: 2192: 2189: 2187: 2184: 2182: 2179: 2177: 2176:Communization 2174: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2162: 2161: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2138: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2125: 2119: 2118: 2111: 2108: 2106: 2103: 2101: 2098: 2096: 2093: 2092: 2086: 2085: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2063: 2061: 2058: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2046: 2043: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2035: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2023: 2021: 2018: 2016: 2013: 2012: 2010: 2009: 2003: 2002: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1960: 1957: 1955: 1952: 1950: 1947: 1945: 1942: 1940: 1937: 1935: 1932: 1930: 1927: 1925: 1922: 1920: 1917: 1915: 1914:Decentralized 1912: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1900: 1899: 1890: 1887: 1885: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1874: 1872: 1871:Social credit 1869: 1867: 1864: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1852: 1850: 1847: 1845: 1842: 1840: 1839:Participatory 1837: 1835: 1832: 1830: 1827: 1825: 1822: 1820: 1817: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1808: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1797: 1796: 1793: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1785: 1783: 1780: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1765: 1763: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1751: 1750:Social market 1748: 1746: 1745:Protectionist 1743: 1741: 1738: 1736: 1733: 1731: 1728: 1726: 1725:Laissez-faire 1723: 1721: 1718: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1702: 1696: 1695: 1689: 1686: 1684: 1681: 1679: 1676: 1675: 1670: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1653: 1645: 1642: 1635: 1625: 1622: 1617: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1595: 1580: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1565: 1559: 1557: 1553: 1549: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1523: 1518: 1516: 1511: 1509: 1504: 1503: 1501: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1485: 1483: 1478: 1473: 1471: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1458: 1451: 1448: 1446: 1443: 1441: 1438: 1436: 1433: 1431: 1428: 1426: 1423: 1421: 1418: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1406: 1404: 1401: 1399: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1389: 1386: 1384: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1374: 1371: 1367: 1366:Mass killings 1364: 1363: 1362: 1357: 1353: 1352:Mass killings 1350: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1343: 1340: 1339: 1333: 1332: 1325: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1315: 1312: 1310: 1307: 1306: 1300: 1299: 1292: 1289: 1287: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1237: 1234: 1232: 1229: 1227: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1217: 1214: 1212: 1209: 1207: 1204: 1203: 1200:Organizations 1197: 1196: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1172: 1169: 1167: 1164: 1162: 1159: 1158: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1145: 1142: 1140: 1137: 1135: 1132: 1130: 1127: 1125: 1122: 1120: 1117: 1115: 1112: 1110: 1107: 1105: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1095: 1092: 1090: 1087: 1085: 1082: 1080: 1077: 1075: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1065: 1062: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 994: 993: 990: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 971: 968: 966: 963: 962: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 948: 945: 943: 940: 938: 935: 934: 928: 927: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 904:Prague Spring 902: 900: 897: 895: 892: 890: 887: 885: 882: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 850: 847: 845: 842: 840: 837: 833: 830: 828: 825: 823: 820: 818: 815: 814: 813: 810: 808: 805: 803: 800: 798: 795: 793: 790: 786: 783: 782: 781: 778: 776: 773: 771: 768: 766: 763: 761: 758: 756: 753: 749: 746: 744: 741: 739: 736: 734: 731: 730: 729: 726: 725: 719: 718: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 696: 693: 691: 688: 686: 683: 681: 678: 676: 671: 669: 666: 664: 661: 660: 654: 653: 646: 645:Todor Zhivkov 643: 641: 638: 636: 633: 631: 628: 626: 623: 621: 620:Harry Pollitt 618: 616: 613: 611: 608: 606: 603: 601: 598: 596: 593: 591: 588: 586: 583: 581: 580:Samora Machel 578: 576: 573: 571: 568: 566: 563: 561: 558: 556: 553: 551: 548: 546: 545:Hardial Bains 543: 541: 538: 536: 533: 531: 528: 526: 523: 521: 518: 516: 513: 511: 508: 506: 503: 501: 498: 496: 495:Deng Xiaoping 493: 491: 488: 486: 483: 481: 478: 476: 473: 471: 468: 466: 463: 461: 458: 456: 453: 451: 448: 446: 443: 441: 440:Mátyás Rákosi 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 396: 393: 391: 388: 386: 383: 381: 378: 376: 373: 371: 370:Joseph Stalin 368: 366: 363: 362: 356: 355: 348: 345: 343: 340: 338: 335: 333: 330: 328: 327:Khrushchevism 325: 323: 320: 318: 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 300: 298: 295: 294: 288: 287: 280: 279:Unified power 277: 275: 272: 270: 267: 265: 262: 260: 257: 253: 250: 249: 248: 245: 241: 238: 236: 233: 232: 231: 228: 226: 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 200:Popular front 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 166: 164: 161: 159: 156: 154: 151: 149: 146: 144: 141: 139: 136: 134: 131: 127: 124: 123: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 103: 97: 96: 92: 88: 87: 84: 81: 80: 76: 72: 71: 62: 52: 46: 43:This article 41: 37: 32: 31: 19: 8428: 8416: 8247:Clara Zetkin 8227:Leon Trotsky 8222:Ernst Toller 8212:R. H. Tawney 8152:Karl Polanyi 8032:James Larkin 7902:Noam Chomsky 7628:Pyotr Lavrov 7608:Karl Kautsky 7603:Mother Jones 7583:Charles Hall 7573:Emma Goldman 7543:Claire Démar 7473:August Bebel 7267:Basic income 6775: 6651:Luxemburgism 6602:Neozapatismo 6550:Collectivist 6400:21st century 6266:Second World 6143:Shining Path 5973:Turkmenistan 5909:Soviet Union 5854:East Germany 5654:2002–present 5625:Eastern Bloc 5560:Soviet Union 5467:Alfonso Cano 5417:Gustáv Husák 5407:Sanzō Nosaka 5382:Fidel Castro 5287:Earl Browder 5213:Zachariadism 5199: 5192: 5176:Lovestoneism 5041:Kimjongunism 5022: 4860:Class system 4846:Third Period 4751: 4737:Anti-fascism 4663: 4651: 4642: 4633: 4624: 4615: 4606: 4597: 4588: 4567:cite journal 4556: 4535:cite journal 4524: 4512:. Retrieved 4507: 4497: 4488: 4467: 4441:cite journal 4424: 4420: 4410: 4401: 4392: 4386: 4348:(2): 79–89. 4345: 4341: 4318:, retrieved 4306: 4283:, retrieved 4261: 4251: 4241:, retrieved 4219: 4209: 4188:cite journal 4176:. Retrieved 4149:. Retrieved 4127: 4117: 4105:. Retrieved 4083: 4073: 4061:. Retrieved 4039: 4029: 3996: 3992: 3982: 3961: 3955: 3934: 3926: 3915:. Retrieved 3911: 3879: 3849: 3829:. Retrieved 3825: 3816: 3805:. Retrieved 3801: 3792: 3781:. Retrieved 3779:. 2006-08-21 3771: 3736: 3732: 3722: 3710: 3699:. Retrieved 3695: 3686: 3667: 3661: 3641: 3634: 3614: 3607: 3594: 3587: 3554: 3550: 3540: 3520: 3513: 3504: 3480: 3474: 3458: 3454: 3421: 3417: 3375: 3371: 3349: 3335: 3329: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3168: 3155: 3149: 3140: 3114:black-market 3107: 3087: 3076: 3063: 3051: 3039:unemployment 3036: 3033: 2842: 2839: 2830:Molotov Plan 2826: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2801: 2782: 2760: 2749: 2736:János Kornai 2732:supply chain 2729: 2710: 2690: 2682: 2679:Vreditelstvo 2648: 2644: 2641: 2633: 2627: 2583: 2579:Lev Gatovsky 2563: 2531: 2522: 2514:neoclassical 2511: 2325:Peer-to-peer 2320:Self-managed 2255:Coordination 2191:Deregulation 2064: 1876:Distributist 1730:Mercantilist 1637: 1618: 1607: 1591: 1588:Institutions 1577:Lev Gatovsky 1572: 1562: 1560: 1556:Soviet Union 1543:employed by 1536: 1532: 1531: 1420:Second World 1134:Turkmenistan 1069:Soviet Union 1009:East Germany 832:2002–present 802:Eastern Bloc 780:World War II 728:Soviet Union 605:Alfonso Cano 560:Gustáv Husák 550:Sanzō Nosaka 515:Fidel Castro 420:Earl Browder 264:Third Period 125: 56: 44: 8311:Evo Morales 8301:Kim Jong Un 8281:Hugo Chávez 8252:Howard Zinn 8242:Cornel West 8237:H. G. Wells 8207:Sun Yat-sen 8042:Jack Layton 8017:Kim Jong-il 7972:Maxim Gorky 7922:Marcel Déat 7837:Jiang Zemin 7778:Oscar Wilde 7718:George Sand 7673:Robert Owen 7598:Jean Jaurès 7488:Louis Blanc 7395:Thomas More 7357:Technocracy 7231:Trade union 7201:Revisionism 7151:Land reform 7022:Third World 6949:Nationalist 6741:Brezhnevism 6714:Nechayevism 6656:Mao-Spontex 6622:Syndicalist 6612:Communalism 6607:Platformism 6560:Free-market 6531:Libertarian 6517:Technocracy 6467:Nationalist 6445:Syndicalism 6251:Red fascism 5889:North Korea 5784:Afghanistan 5690:Vietnam War 5680:Warsaw Pact 5600:Great Purge 5585:Great Break 5422:János Kádár 5397:Kim Il Sung 5377:Che Guevara 5342:Enver Hoxha 5277:Ho Chi Minh 5218:Brezhnevism 5201:Rankovićism 4976:Vanguardism 4956:Secretariat 4794:Partiinost' 4130:(30): 168. 3159:labor camps 3090:undersupply 2785:World War 2 2430:Traditional 2380:Manorialism 2375:Information 2349:Other types 2335:Open access 2298:Cybernetics 2040:Anglo-Saxon 2025:Singaporean 1984:Underground 1979:Subsistence 1884:Corporatist 1859:Syndicalist 1819:Communalist 1705:Associative 1699:By ideology 1672:Major types 1602:enterprises 1571:due to the 1564:perestroika 1403:Red fascism 1064:South Yemen 1044:North Korea 937:Afghanistan 864:Vietnam War 854:Warsaw Pact 770:Great Purge 755:Great Break 625:Harpal Brar 565:János Kádár 535:Kim Il Sung 510:Che Guevara 475:Enver Hoxha 410:Ho Chi Minh 269:Vanguardism 190:Partiinost' 8482:Categories 8418:Categories 8321:Xi Jinping 8257:J. Posadas 7937:John Dewey 7927:Guy Debord 7847:Jyoti Basu 7728:Eugène Sue 7042:and issues 7040:Key topics 7017:Sri Lankan 6990:Melanesian 6985:Indonesian 6934:Bolivarian 6856:Lassallism 6844:Tkachevism 6726:Bolshevism 6700:from above 6685:Third camp 6661:Trotskyism 6536:from below 6502:Icarianism 6497:Fourierism 6482:Scientific 6415:Democratic 6390:Schools of 6182:Trotskyism 6172:Bolshevism 6018:Montenegro 5999:Yugoslavia 5983:Uzbekistan 5968:Tajikistan 5943:Kyrgyzstan 5938:Kazakhstan 5918:Azerbaijan 5884:Mozambique 5778:By country 5665:Korean War 5497:Xi Jinping 5457:Siad Barre 5237:Mao Zedong 5171:Browderism 5106:Pol Potism 5078:Pantherism 4320:2020-12-04 4285:2020-12-04 4243:2020-12-04 4086:(1): 126. 4042:(1): 126. 3917:2020-11-15 3912:echelon.pl 3831:2020-11-15 3807:2020-11-15 3783:2020-11-15 3701:2020-11-15 3292:References 3139:Storming ( 3098:incentives 2836:Advantages 2764:"wrecking" 2721:Paris Club 2717:stagnation 2705:World Bank 2665:See also: 2520:standard. 2498:See also: 2435:Transition 2395:Plantation 2303:Indicative 2165:Transition 2015:East Asian 1786:Religious 1762:Democratic 1735:Neoliberal 1720:Democratic 1710:Capitalist 1678:Capitalism 1324:Trotskyism 1309:Bolshevism 1176:Montenegro 1156:Yugoslavia 1144:Uzbekistan 1129:Tajikistan 1104:Kyrgyzstan 1099:Kazakhstan 1079:Azerbaijan 1039:Mozambique 931:By country 839:Korean War 635:Xi Jinping 595:Siad Barre 525:Lúcio Lara 375:Mao Zedong 59:March 2019 8503:Socialism 8369:Communism 8364:Anarchism 8291:Hu Jintao 8117:Imre Nagy 7907:M. N. Roy 7867:Léon Blum 7862:Tony Benn 7797:Tariq Ali 7653:Karl Marx 7257:Adhocracy 7196:Reformism 7084:Democracy 6954:Chiangist 6944:Communist 6891:communism 6886:anarchism 6881:Christian 6868:Religious 6830:Stalinism 6756:Guevarism 6746:Castroism 6721:Blanquism 6597:Mutualism 6555:Communist 6545:Anarchism 6472:Reformist 6440:Labourism 6410:Communist 6368:Socialism 6256:Red Scare 6241:New class 6053:Comintern 6013:Macedonia 5953:Lithuania 5649:1989–2002 5644:1976–1989 5639:1949–1976 5579:1982–1991 5574:1964–1982 5569:1953–1964 5564:1927–1953 5402:Chin Peng 5257:José Díaz 5208:Dubčekism 5155:Stalinism 5122:Nkrumaism 5117:Sankarism 5002:Guevarism 4997:Castroism 4951:Politburo 4514:19 August 4378:152531661 4362:0895-562X 4178:24 August 4151:20 August 4107:20 August 4063:20 August 4021:154134999 4013:1538-5000 3571:0925-9392 3438:0340-613X 3121:shielding 3017:− 3011:− 2986:× 2789:Holocaust 2558:Stalinist 2400:Plutonomy 2281:Regulated 2110:Voluntary 2036:European 1889:Feudalism 1834:Mutualist 1824:Communist 1814:Socialist 1795:Christian 1715:Corporate 1688:Communism 1683:Socialism 1641:materials 1561:The post- 1408:Red Scare 1393:New class 1211:Comintern 1171:Macedonia 1114:Lithuania 961:Cambodia 827:1989–2002 822:1976–1989 817:1949–1976 748:1982–1991 743:1964–1982 738:1953–1964 733:1927–1953 540:Chin Peng 395:José Díaz 342:Stalinism 302:Guevarism 297:Castroism 252:Socialist 51:talk page 8389:Old Left 8384:New Left 8357:See also 8286:Bob Crow 7822:Aung San 7250:Concepts 7027:Yugoslav 6963:European 6876:Buddhist 6783:Kadarism 6771:Husakism 6766:Hoxhaism 6751:Ceaușism 6731:Leninism 6709:Barracks 6671:Posadism 6666:Pabloism 6592:Magonism 6425:Feminist 6405:Agrarian 6211:Cold War 6190:See also 6177:Leninism 6028:Slovenia 5923:Byelarus 5879:Mongolia 5859:Ethiopia 5848:Slovakia 5809:Cambodia 5804:Bulgaria 5620:Cold War 5487:Gus Hall 5194:Đilasism 5181:Marcyism 5160:American 5101:National 5047:Kadarism 5018:Husakism 5013:Hoxhaism 4985:Variants 4834:Yugoslav 4715:Concepts 4370:41770296 3579:20099669 3446:23608502 3174:See also 2797:Cold War 2645:rational 2618:Features 2288:Planning 1939:Informal 1924:Dirigist 1777:Georgist 1772:Feminist 1657:a series 1655:Part of 1573:de facto 1558:(USSR). 1336:See also 1314:Leninism 1186:Slovenia 1084:Byelarus 1034:Mongolia 1014:Ethiopia 1002:Slovakia 957:Bulgaria 797:Cold War 615:Gus Hall 322:Kádárism 317:Husakism 312:Hoxhaism 291:Variants 240:Yugoslav 100:Concepts 75:a series 73:Part of 8202:Sukarno 8102:Mao Dun 6995:Mexican 6980:Israeli 6939:Chinese 6919:African 6898:Islamic 6798:Dengism 6507:Owenism 6492:Utopian 6462:Marxian 6452:Liberal 6420:Ethical 6392:thought 6382:Outline 6378:History 6048:Comecon 6008:Croatia 5989:Vietnam 5978:Ukraine 5958:Moldova 5933:Georgia 5928:Estonia 5913:Armenia 5904:Somalia 5899:Romania 5869:Hungary 5864:Grenada 5843:Czechia 5789:Albania 5554:History 5367:Pol Pot 5187:Titoism 5134:Dengism 5111:African 3763:3706593 3754:1646771 2649:desired 2330:Sharing 2293:In kind 2241:Marxist 2133:Commons 2100:Private 2089:Sectors 2060:Rhenish 2030:Keralan 2020:Chinese 1994:Virtual 1974:Sharing 1964:Planned 1954:Natural 1919:Digital 1807:Islamic 1767:Fascist 1755:Welfare 1598:Gossnab 1594:Gosplan 1554:of the 1552:economy 1206:Comecon 1166:Croatia 1151:Vietnam 1139:Ukraine 1119:Moldova 1094:Georgia 1089:Estonia 1074:Armenia 1059:Somalia 1054:Romania 1024:Hungary 1019:Grenada 997:Czechia 970:1979–92 965:1975–79 942:Albania 722:History 500:Pol Pot 347:Titoism 8132:Ne Win 8072:Lu Xun 7372:People 7000:Soviet 6975:Indian 6903:Jewish 6793:Maoism 6617:Social 6457:Market 6260:Second 6023:Serbia 5963:Russia 5948:Latvia 5894:Poland 5794:Angola 5226:People 5057:Maoism 5031:Songun 4829:Soviet 4376: 4368: 4360: 4313: 4278: 4268: 4236: 4226: 4142: 4098: 4054: 4019: 4011: 3970: 3943: 3886: 3856: 3761: 3751: 3674: 3649: 3622: 3577: 3569: 3528: 3465: 3444: 3436: 3342: 3045:) and 2779:Poland 2677:, and 2560:model. 2506:, and 2390:Palace 2266:Market 2261:Barter 2105:Public 2065:Soviet 2050:Nordic 2045:German 2011:Asian 1944:Market 1600:) and 1413:Second 1181:Serbia 1124:Russia 1109:Latvia 1049:Poland 947:Angola 359:People 332:Maoism 235:Soviet 8266:21st 7787:20th 7443:19th 7404:18th 7380:16th 6851:State 6777:Juche 6577:Green 6435:Guild 6430:Green 5994:Yemen 5829:Congo 5824:China 5799:Benin 5635:China 5024:Juche 4991:Cuban 4961:State 4510:: 1–2 4427:(2). 4374:S2CID 4366:JSTOR 4311:JSTOR 4276:JSTOR 4234:JSTOR 4017:S2CID 3599:(PDF) 3575:JSTOR 3442:JSTOR 3102:money 2440:World 2425:Token 2315:Price 2055:Dutch 1949:Mixed 1854:State 1782:Green 982:Congo 977:China 952:Benin 812:China 247:State 7010:Real 6929:Arab 5874:Laos 5834:Cuba 4779:Foco 4580:help 4548:help 4516:2023 4447:link 4425:1992 4358:ISSN 4266:ISBN 4224:ISBN 4201:help 4180:2023 4153:2023 4140:ISBN 4109:2023 4096:ISBN 4065:2023 4052:ISBN 4009:ISSN 3968:ISBN 3941:ISBN 3884:ISBN 3854:ISBN 3759:PMID 3672:ISBN 3647:ISBN 3620:ISBN 3567:ISSN 3526:ISBN 3463:ISBN 3434:ISSN 3340:ISBN 3206:OGAS 3081:and 2750:The 2699:and 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