310:. Pamphlets were published and distributed alleging the Declaration of Principles was a "culminating point of a deep seated antagonism" within the Socialist Party — the proverbial "straw that breaks or threatens to break the camel's back." A stern warning was issued that it was "not enough" to merely defeat the Detroit Declaration of Principles in the party referendum held for their ratification, but that "the Socialist Party must be made safe for Socialism, for social democracy." Names of sympathizers were gathered, funds collected, and an office established in New York City. A "Provisional Executive Committee" of the faction was named, including such long-time members of the SPA as
489:
social democratic tactics which had failed in
Germany" as well as "the socialist estimate of Russia; and the possibility of cooperation with communists on certain specific matters." Still, he held that "those of us who believe that an inclusive socialist party is desirable, and ought to be possible, hope that the growing friendliness of socialist groups will bring about not only joint action but ultimately a satisfactory reunion on the basis of sufficient agreement for harmonious support of a socialist program." This speedy reunification failed after
186:
281:
leadership, its call for the "development of the dictatorship of workers and peasants" particularly galling to the faction's anti-communist sensibilities. In closing the debate on the matter for the Old Guard at the
Detroit convention, New York state party chairman Waldman had condemned the Declaration in no uncertain terms, accusing the Declaration of advancing "dangerous, provocative proposals" which advanced an "
273:
146:
236:. "Direct action" means that an organized group will take any action, illegal as well as legal, that it believes will bring about the reform, changes, or objective it seeks. The general strike for political purposes, sabotage, the use of violence, the spread of fear, the paralysis of industry, trade, commerce, and even government are examples...
334:
was engaged as
Executive Secretary of the faction, which had already in 1934 taken the form of a "party within the party." In his 1944 memoir, Socialist Party of New York State Chairman Louis Waldman freely acknowledged that he and his New York Old Guard comrades disregarded the authority of the 1934
488:
SP leader Norman Thomas acknowledged that a number of issues had been involved in the split which led to the formation of the SDF, including "organizational policy, the effort to make the party inclusive of all socialist elements not bound by communist discipline; a feeling of dissatisfaction with
386:
It was not until
January 1936 that the National Executive Committee finally revoked the charter of the Old Guard-dominated Socialist Party of New York and reorganized the state under the leadership of an alliance of forces loyal to Norman Thomas and members of the Militant faction. The marriage had
244:
When they first appeared on the scene, they wore blue shirts and adopted the upraised arm and the clenched fist as a form of salute. They insisted that the party coin flamboyant slogans, organize street demonstrations, arrange great protest rallies, and in general, do the things that the
Communists
360:
After
Detroit it was obvious that the militant Socialists controlled the Socialist Party. I saw that all they had to do in order to gain control of the valuable property in New York was to revoke the New York State charter and expel all state organizations controlled by the Social Democrats or the
280:
The "Old Guard" faction was further provoked by the adoption of a policy document known as the "Declaration of
Principles" by the Socialist Party's 1934 national convention, held in Detroit. The 1934 Declaration of Principles was merely the result of a long process, in the view of the Old Guard
440:
before seeking admission. This theme of communist influence in the
Socialist Party from whence they sprung was echoed by Louis Waldman, who declared to the press than Norman Thomas had come under "communist influence" and that "rather than lose our identity as Americans, we left the party."
379:
363:
All during 1935 and the early part of 1936 my office was converted into a meeting place for the various committees and members of the organizations threatened by the militants. Constitutions and bylaws were modified in such a way as to prevent control falling into the hands of
245:
had made popular in their day-to-day activities. The
Militants also proposed that, as the Communists had done, we form separate organizations for the unemployed, youth, tenants, and housewives, as if those groups had interests distinct from those of the workers as a whole...
394:, which retained a ballot line in New York state. This continued until the decision was made to disband and reorganize as an "educational organization for the dissemination of socialist ideals" at two-day convention was held during the weekend of March 27–28, 1937, at the
251:
with like organizations under
Communist auspices. The fronts became transmission belts for the Communists... Most of the fronts sought to carry out the objectives of Soviet foreign policy, to glorify the Soviet system, and to spread confusion in the ranks of society.
288:
After the passage of the Declaration of Principles and the closing of the convention, the Old Guard returned home. On behalf of the Socialist Party of New York, chairman Waldman immediately issued a statement disavowing the actions of the Detroit convention:
501:
through the first half of the 1950s, the SDF's paid membership drastically declined. Its influence on New York politics and labor unions similarly dropped. These declines corresponded with a general decline in the prestige of socialist organizations in the
294:
We repudiate the essential features of the Declaration of Principles adopted at the Socialist National Convention insofar as they depart from the traditional socialist position and commit the Socialist Party to the use of violence and extralegal means.
361:
Old Guard. Since there was always a minority of militant Socialists in each of these corporate institutions, these properties involving millions of dollars in property value and cash reserves would quickly fall into the hands of the militants...
349:
a weekly newspaper published in English; there was the Rand School of Social Science which, together with Camp Tamiment, had enormous property value, not to speak of their importance as propaganda and educational instruments. Control of the
518:. After several years of negotiations, a merger was finally accomplished in 1957 to form the Socialist Party-Social Democratic Federation (SP-SDF). A small group of holdouts refused to reunify, establishing a new organization called the
217:, leading the SPA's right wing faction, known as the "Old Guard" to abandon the organization. Throughout the 1930s the Socialist Party had achieved moderate growth, its paid membership returning to the 25,000 level and its candidate for
254:
We were convinced that by engaging in United Front activities, we, who were opposed to Communist aims, would soon become witting or unwitting parties to the furtherance of those aims and to the destruction of democracy.
448:
movement in a broader labor party. At the time of its creation the organization did incorporate the former SPA state locals in New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and Maryland. The influential municipal parties in
340:
Back from Detroit, I was immediately confronted with a problem which involved millions of dollars of property controlled by subsidiaries of the Socialist Party. In New York alone there were such institutions as the
202:
200:
noted in his memoirs that while the official split of the Socialist Party that resulted in the creation of the Social Democratic Federation took place in 1936, "the crucial events occurred at the party's
493:
of 1939 revealed the threat of a coalition of two totalitarian states. The threat revealed by this pact reduced the influence of pacifists in the Federation, the Socialist Party, and the labor movement.
209:
in 1934." It was at this national gathering that the ongoing factional war between a youthful "Militant" faction favoring aggressive advocacy of revolutionary tactics and joint action with the
922:. Collection maintained by Tamiment Library/Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives at New York University. 6.5 linear feet (13 boxes). Call Phrase: Tamiment 011 R2644-R2647. Accessed Feb. 11, 2009.
484:
Reunification with the dissident Social Democratic Federation was long a goal of the Socialist Party regulars, with initial attempts beginning as early as 1937. In his 1938 book,
1342:
444:
The Social Democratic Federation was not organized as an electoral political organization but rather as an interest group seeking to establish connection with the
510:
and other liberal organizations, which tapped the SDF's support among sympathetic progressives. This decline made the SDF more amenable to reunification with the
306:
The Old Guard opponents of the Detroit decisions formally organized themselves as a faction immediately after the close of the Detroit conclave, establishing the
1302:
1378:
1322:
307:
68:
956:
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17:
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the leading Jewish newspaper in the world with a circulation running into hundreds of thousands and with reserve funds amounting to millions. There was
1393:
1048:
841:
Tamiment Library Staff, "Guide to the Social Democratic Federation of America Records, 1933–1956." New York: New York University Libraries, 2003.
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In the interim, the "Old Guard" socialists organized themselves as the People's Party of New York and affiliated for electoral purposes with the
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331:
129:
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of New York, who urged his fellows to wait the short time until "the Trotsky Communists who call themselves the Socialist Party" joined the
260:
The National Executive Committee of the Socialist Party also established a department aimed to direct the activities of Socialists in the
803:
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31:
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Associated Press, "Hoan Quits Office in Socialist Party: Unwilling to Endorse CIO, He Leaves Executive Committee After Ten Years,"
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919:
843:
611:
172:. The SDF later merged again with the Socialist Party in 1957 to form the Socialist Party-Social Democratic Federation (SP-SDF).
704:
The Crisis in the Socialist Party: The Detroit Convention: Appeal by the Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party.
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In due time, organizations of students, youths, tenants, housewives, and the unemployed formed by the Socialist group entered
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301:, destructive, and violent methods proposed by the left wing, Socialists will have no difficulty in making their choice."
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in New York City. This new organization was to be known as the Social Democratic Federation of the State of New York.
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Waldman recounted the main points of departure between the radical youth of the party and the staid older elements:
650:. Dorrance & Co. pp. 210 (origins), 211–3 (direct action), 214 (NEC), 220 (repudiate), 223 (January 1936).
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542:
149:
Social Democratic Federation dues stamps were applied continuously to regular SPA dues booklets in 1936 & 1937.
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1247:
519:
507:
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and Louis Waldman of New York, George Roewer of Massachusetts (Chairman of the Provisional Executive Committee),
89:
1187:
514:, which lost members while maintaining its opposition to communism and critical support for the U.S. policy of
218:
214:
134:
925:
1277:
1232:
1177:
395:
124:
358:, with its millions of dollars in property and tens of thousands of members throughout the United States...
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The Socialist Party of New York issued its own dues stamps for several months during the first half of 1936.
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97:
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965:
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511:
169:
78:
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Tamiment Library/Robert F. Wagner Labor Archives, "Guide to the August Claessens Papers, 1911–1955."
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1197:
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As between the program of orderly, peaceable, constructive, and intelligent political action and the
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as National Chairman of the new organization. The gathering passed a resolution of support to the
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410:
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National Convention and immediately attempted to lock up party assets in his faction's control:
327:
1332:
807:
450:
264:, a tactic which smacked of quasi-Communist tactics to the members of the Old Guard faction.
238:
The direct-action groups in the Socialist Party called themselves Militants; some formed the
232:
It all began with the formation of groups in the Socialist Party that wanted to commit it to
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8:
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This article is about the American political party from 1936. For the earlier party, see
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The SDF went on to formally organize itself on a national basis at a convention held in
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763:"PEOPLE'S PARTY TO MEET 'Old Guard' Socialists Hold Convention Here Today and Tomorrow"
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Souvenir Journal : Social Democratic Federation, Ninth Anniversary Celebration.
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also left the Socialist Party to establish the SDF. In New York, the SDF supported
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alone also meant probable control of fraternal and labor organizations such as the
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New York: Committee for the Preservation of Socialist Principles, n.d. ; pg. 3.
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and supporting an anti-Nazi boycott. The convention also voted to apply to the
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New York: Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party, n.d. ; pg. 1.
476:, who later served as National Chairman of the group until his death in 1954.
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894:"Guide to the Social Democratic Federation of America Records, 1933–1956."
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Guide to the Social Democratic Federation of America Records 1933–1956
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Should unions be incorporated? Responsibility of unions under the law,
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The SDF chose to seek international affiliation immediately with the
378:
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618:, Tamiment Library, New York University. Retrieved February 7, 2010.
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already broken up long before this divorce was finalized, however.
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Washington, D.C. : Social Democratic Federation U.S.A., 1937
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Washington, D.C. : Social Democratic Federation U.S.A., 1937
206:
538:. It ran from Vol. I #1 July 1944 to Vol XII #5 December 1955.
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New York City, N.Y. : Social Democratic Federation, 1951
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New York City, N.Y. : Social Democratic Federation, 1940
418:
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on May 29–30, 1937. This foundation gathering elected Mayor
155:
Social Democratic Federation of the United States of America
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Social Democratic Federation U.S.A: principles and program.
479:
1343:
English-language press of the Socialist Party of America
788:
Lewis Conn, "Elect McLevy to Head Party of Old Guards,"
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polling nearly a million votes in the election of 1932.
1303:
History of the socialist movement in the United States
1323:
Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party
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Committee for the Preservation of the Socialist Party
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Non-English press of the Socialist Party of America
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571:New York : Social Democratic Federation, 1944
469:drove the SDF's adherents from that organization.
885:New York: Harper and Brothers, 1938; pp. 287–288.
577:"Let us review the scene" with William Feigenbaum
374:Establishment of the Social Democratic Federation
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609:Social Democratic Federation Papers Finding Aid
465:candidates, but the takeover of the ALP by the
267:
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792:vol. 3, whole no. 116 (June 5, 1937), pg. 11.
534:edited by Algernon Lee, August Claessens and
432:, over the objections of some delegates like
1379:Social Democratic Federation (United States)
907:New Haven, Yale University Library 1964 p.45
744:
742:
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647:The Good Fight: A Quest for Social Progress
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1328:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
32:Social Democratic Federation (U.S., 1889)
1394:Political parties disestablished in 1957
905:Radical periodicals in America 1890-1950
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867:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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480:Reunification with the Socialist Party
1389:Political parties established in 1936
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213:won the day and pushed through a new
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926:Social Democratic Federation Archive
196:Social Democratic Federation leader
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472:Executive Secretary of the SDF was
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18:Social Democratic Federation (U.S.)
1313:Social Democratic Party of America
423:Labour and Socialist International
164:, formed in 1936 by the so-called
27:1936–1956 American political party
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506:period, as well as the growth of
285:, illegal, Communist doctrine."
1338:Young People's Socialist League
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219:President of the United States
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771:. March 27, 1937. p. 13.
530:The SDF published a monthly,
396:Rand School of Social Science
160:was a political party in the
125:Politics of the United States
1308:Social Democratic Federation
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42:Social Democratic Federation
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883:Socialism on the Defensive.
725:. EP Dutton. pp. 272–3
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486:Socialism on the Defensive,
242:; others used other names.
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215:Declaration of Principles
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1049:Progressive Party ticket
403:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
368:' super-revolutionists.
455:Bridgeport, Connecticut
430:Socialist International
411:Bridgeport, Connecticut
328:Bridgeport, Connecticut
110:Political position
692:Detroit and the Party,
679:Detroit and the Party.
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382:Louis Waldman, c. 1944
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752:March 29, 1937, p. 5.
451:Reading, Pennsylvania
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1353:Democratic socialism
973:Presidential tickets
497:During the years of
463:American Labor Party
438:Fourth International
392:American Labor Party
1318:Socialist Party USA
790:The Socialist Call,
574:William Feigenbaum
467:Communist Party USA
415:Loyalist government
203:national convention
166:"Old Guard" faction
1278:Washington (state)
903:Goldwater, Walter
614:2012-03-04 at the
559:Frederick Shulman
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268:"Old Guard" splits
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677:Charles Solomon,
425:as an affiliate.
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1047:, Endorsed
1027:Kirkpatrick
729:24 November
663:24 November
516:containment
446:trade union
283:anarchistic
1373:Categories
1233:New Jersey
1178:California
854:2009-02-10
814:2009-02-05
536:Liston Oak
92:(minority)
81:(majority)
1283:Wisconsin
1223:Minnesota
1203:Louisiana
690:Solomon,
597:Footnotes
135:Elections
115:Left-wing
57:Dissolved
1258:Oklahoma
1238:New York
1228:Missouri
1218:Michigan
1183:Colorado
1153:Friedman
1140:Friedman
863:cite web
823:cite web
719:(1944).
644:(1975).
612:Archived
585:See also
504:Cold War
98:Ideology
1193:Florida
1101:Krueger
1040:Stedman
1001:Hanford
988:Hanford
694:pg. 12.
352:Forward
207:Detroit
176:History
168:of the
49:Founded
1263:Oregon
1198:Kansas
1149:Hoopes
1136:Hoopes
1123:Thomas
1114:Hoopes
1110:Thomas
1097:Thomas
1088:Nelson
1084:Thomas
1075:Maurer
1071:Thomas
1062:Maurer
1058:Thomas
1023:Benson
1014:Seidel
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1273:Texas
1208:Maine
1171:State
1127:Smith
419:Spain
158:(SDF)
1253:Ohio
1145:1956
1132:1952
1119:1948
1106:1944
1093:1940
1080:1936
1067:1932
1054:1928
1045:1924
1036:Debs
1032:1920
1019:1916
1010:Debs
1006:1912
997:Debs
993:1908
984:Debs
980:1904
869:link
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731:2021
665:2021
652:ISBN
461:and
453:and
153:The
69:CPSP
60:1956
52:1936
928:at
417:of
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205:in
90:DSF
79:SPA
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