Trade union - Knowledge

2692:

create a balance of power between employees organized in unions and employers organized in employers' associations. This allows much wider legal boundaries for collective bargaining, compared to the narrow boundaries for individual negotiations. As a condition to obtain the legal status of a trade union, employee associations need to prove that their leverage is strong enough to serve as a counterforce in negotiations with employers. If such an employee's association is competing against another union, its leverage may be questioned by unions and then evaluated in labour court. In Germany, only very few professional associations obtained the right to negotiate salaries and working conditions for their members, notably the medical doctor's association

773: 2943: 2663:"In the Continental European System of labour market regulation, the government plays an important role as there is a strong legislative core of employee rights, which provides the basis for agreements as well as a framework for discord between unions on one side and employers or employers' associations on the other. This model was said to be found in EU core countries such as Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Italy, and it is also mirrored and emulated to some extent in the institutions of the EU, due to the relative weight that these countries had in the EU until the EU expansion by the inclusion of 10 new 3067:, "Labor unions have long occupied a paradoxical position within Marxist theory. They are an essential expression of the working class taking shape as a collective actor and an essential vehicle for working-class action. ... At the same time, unions are an imperfect and incomplete vehicle for the working class to achieve one of Marxist theory's central goals: overthrowing capitalism. Unions by their very existence affirm and reinforce capitalist class society. As organizations which primarily negotiate wages, benefits, and working conditions with employers, unions only exist in relation to capitalists." 1546: 10562: 8274: 2455: 1538: 2533: 1420: 1340: 1223: 10964: 2880: 5977:

mortality were stronger for men than women, but its relative effects were similar across genders. Union density had little effect on all‐cause mortality overall or across subgroups, and modeling suggested union‐density increases would not affect mortality inequities. Conclusions - Declining union density (as operationalized in this study) may not explain all‐cause mortality inequities, although increases in union density may reduce overdose/suicide mortality.

11014: 10974: 8833: 10994: 8843: 71: 10954: 3094: 2354: 11171: 11004: 10984: 1327:

multitudes who compose the working class are too numerous and too widely scattered to combine at all, much more to combine effectually. If they could do so, they might doubtless succeed in diminishing the hours of labour, and obtaining the same wages for less work. They would also have a limited power of obtaining, by combination, an increase of general wages at the expense of profits.

1148:", but the term that persisted was a new form of human relations: employment. Unlike farmers, workers often had less control over their jobs; without job security or a promise of an on-going relationship with their employers, they lacked some control over the work they performed or how it impacted their health and life. It is in this context that modern trade unions emerge. 1175:, but their way of thinking was the one that endured down the centuries, inspiring evolutions and advances in thinking which eventually gave workers more power. As collective bargaining and early worker unions grew with the onset of the Industrial Revolution, the government began to clamp down on what it saw as the danger of popular unrest at the time of the 2560:, such as the preference of atheism and from rhetoric suggesting that employees' interests always are in conflict with those of employers. Some of these Christian unions have had some ties to centrist or conservative political movements, and some do not regard strikes as acceptable political means for achieving employees' goals. In 2991:

fraction of the profits that firms enjoy when they hold monopoly positions." The think tank has also asserted that the decline of trade unions in the United States "cannot drive widespread inequality for the entire population, which is also affected by a rise in the knowledge economy as well as a general aging of the population."

5228: 3054:

Research in the United States found that American congressional representatives were more responsive to the interests of the poor in districts with higher unionization rates. Another 2020 American study found an association between US state level adoption of parental leave legislation and trade union

2842:

An EU case concerning Italy stated that, "The principle of trade union freedom in the Italian system implies recognition of the right of the individual not to belong to any trade union ("negative" freedom of association/trade union freedom), and the unlawfulness of discrimination liable to cause harm

2505:

often face unique challenges when trying to participate in trade union movements as formal trade union organizations recognized by the state and employers may not accommodate for the employment categories common in the informal economy. Simultaneously, the lack of regular work locations and loopholes

2423:

often carry out the functions of a trade union. In these cases, they may be negotiating for white-collar or professional workers, such as physicians, engineers or teachers. In Sweden the white-collar unions have a strong position in collective bargaining where they cooperate with blue-colar unions in

1575:

as OECD nations continue to export manufacturing industries to these markets. The second reason is globalization, which makes it harder for unions to maintain standards across countries. The last reason is governmental policies. These come from both sides of the political spectrum. In the UK and US,

1326:

If it were possible for the working classes, by combining among themselves, to raise or keep up the general rate of wages, it needs hardly be said that this would be a thing not to be punished, but to be welcomed and rejoiced at. Unfortunately the effect is quite beyond attainment by such means. The

804:

described trade unions thus: "The value of labour-power constitutes the conscious and explicit foundation of the trade unions, whose importance for the ... working class can scarcely be overestimated. The trade unions aim at nothing less than to prevent the reduction of wages below the level that is

3015:

in labour, making it more efficient to perform labour-intensive work there. Trade unions have been accused of benefiting insider workers and those with secure jobs at the cost of outsider workers, consumers of the goods or services produced, and the shareholders of the unionized business. Economist

2691:

In contrast, in Germany, the relation between individual employees and employers is considered to be asymmetrical. In consequence, many working conditions are not negotiable due to a strong legal protection of individuals. However, the German flavor or works legislation has as its main objective to

2687:

approach, setting some minimum standards but leaving most workers' wages and benefits to collective bargaining and market forces. Thus, it comes closest to the above Anglo-Saxon model. Also, the Eastern European countries that have recently entered into the EU come closest to the Anglo-Saxon model.

5976:

Results – Overall, a 10% increase in union density was associated with a 17% relative decrease in overdose/suicide mortality (95% confidence interval : 0.70, 0.98), or 5.7 lives saved per 100 000 person‐years (95% CI: −10.7, −0.7). Union density's absolute (lives‐saved) effects on overdose/suicide

2994:

Research from Norway has found that high unionization rates lead to substantial increases in firm productivity, as well as increases in workers' wages. Research from Belgium also found productivity gains, although smaller. However, other research in the United States has found that unions can harm

2990:

think tank has asserted that the economic inequality argument made in favor of trade unions "misfires on several fronts. Those high union wages could not survive in the face of foreign competition or new nonunionized firms. The only way a union can provide gains for its members is to extract some

2678:

In the Nordic System of labour market regulation, the government's legislative role is limited in the same way as in the Anglo-Saxon system. However, in contrast to the countries in the Anglo-Saxon system category, this is a much more widespread network of collective agreements, which covers most

3050:

In the United States, the weakening of unions has been linked to more favourable electoral outcomes for the Republican Party. Legislators in areas with high unionization rates are more responsive to the interests of the poor, whereas areas with lower unionization rates are more responsive to the

2966:

members of unions also see higher wages. Researchers suggest that unions set industrial norms as firms try to stop further unionization or losing workers to better-paying competitors. The decline in unionization since the 1960s in the United States has been associated with a pronounced rise in

2670:

In the Anglo-Saxon System of labour market regulation, the government's legislative role is much more limited, which allows for more issues to be decided between employers and employees and any union or employers' associations which might represent these parties in the decision-making process.

2501:, who work by building up confidence, strong networks, and leaders within the workforce; and confrontational campaigns involving large numbers of union members. Many unions are a blend of these two philosophies, and the definitions of the models themselves are still debated. 1143:

and had control over his life and work. As industrial workers, however, the workers sold their work as labour and took directions from employers, giving up part of their freedom and self-agency in the service of a master. The critics of the new arrangement would call this

1139:. This transition was not merely one of relocation from rural to urban environs; rather, the nature of industrial work created a new class of "worker". A farmer worked the land, raised animals and grew crops, and either owned the land or paid rent, but ultimately sold a 2607:(ITUC), created in 2006, which has approximately 309 affiliated organizations in 156 countries and territories, with a combined membership of 166 million. National and regional trade unions organizing in specific industry sectors or occupational groups also form 2846:

In the United Kingdom, previous to this EU jurisprudence, a series of laws introduced during the 1980s by Margaret Thatcher's government restricted closed and union shops. All agreements requiring a worker to join a union are now illegal. In the United States, the

6674:

Visser, Jelle. "ICTWSS: Database on institutional characteristics of trade unions, wage setting, state intervention and social pacts in 34 countries between 1960 and 2007". Institute for Advanced Labour Studies, AIAS, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam (2011).

2721:

Beyond the classification listed above, unions' relations with political parties vary. In many countries unions are tightly bonded, or even share leadership, with a political party intended to represent the interests of the working class. Typically, this is a

705:

volunteers who are often appointed by members through internal democratic elections. The trade union, through an elected leadership and bargaining committee, bargains with the employer on behalf of its members, known as the rank and file, and negotiates

1156:. This pool of unskilled and semi-skilled labour spontaneously organized in fits and starts throughout its beginnings, and would later be an important arena for the development of trade unions. Trade unions have sometimes been seen as successors to the 5568: 2995:

profitability, employment and business growth rates. UK research on employment, wages, productivity, and investment found union density improved all metrics - but only until a limit. Forming U-shaped curves, after an optimal density, more unionisation

6378: 6042:

The Local Average Treatment Effect of a 1% decline in unionisation attributable to RTW is about a 5% increase in the rate of occupational fatalities. In total, RTW laws have led to a 14.2% increase in occupational mortality through decreased

8395: 3051:

interests of the rich. Higher unionization rates increase the likelihood of parental leave policies being adopted. Republican-controlled states are less likely to adopt more restrictive labour policies when unions are strong in the state.

2408:, union organisation is slightly different due to the presence of enterprise unions, i.e. unions that are specific to a plant or company. These enterprise unions, however, join industry-wide federations which in turn are members of 1209:

By the 1810s, the first labour organizations to bring together workers of divergent occupations were formed. Possibly the first such union was the General Union of Trades, also known as the Philanthropic Society, founded in 1818 in

3020:

sought to show that unionization produces higher wages (for the union members) at the expense of fewer jobs, and that, if some industries are unionized while others are not, wages will tend to decline in non-unionized industries.

1151:

In the cities, trade unions encountered much hostility from employers and government groups. In the United States, unions and unionists were regularly prosecuted under various restraint of trade and conspiracy laws, such as the

1587:

The prevalence of labour unions can be measured by "union density", which is expressed as a percentage of the total number of workers in a given location who are trade union members. The table below shows the percentage across

2477:

encompasses many unions that use their organizational strength to advocate for social policies and legislation favourable to their members or to workers in general. As well, unions in some countries are closely aligned with

681:

conditions, improving safety standards, establishing complaint procedures, developing rules governing status of employees (rules governing promotions, just-cause conditions for termination) and protecting and increasing the

7957: 2647:

than other countries. Moreover, in the United States, collective bargaining is most commonly undertaken by unions directly with employers, whereas in Austria, Denmark, Germany or Sweden, unions most often negotiate with

8798: 1410:

In a number of countries during the 20th century, including in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom, legislation was passed to provide for the voluntary or statutory recognition of a union by an employer.

3003:

indicates that unions can provide wage premiums and reduce inequality while reducing employment growth and restricting employment flexibility. Some trade unions oppose approaches which increase productivity, such as

8405: 8375: 8238: 5759:

Event history analysis of state-level leave policy adoption from 1983 to 2016 shows that union institutional strength, particularly in the public sector, is positively associated with the timing of leave policy

2587:. Some research, such as that conducted by the Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Training, argues that unionized workers enjoy better conditions and wages than those who are not unionized. 1402:

In France, labour organization was illegal until 1884. The Bourse du Travail was founded in 1887 and merged with the Fédération nationale des syndicats (National Federation of Trade Unions) in 1895 to form the

3081:

In the United States, higher union density has been associated with lower suicide/overdose deaths. Decreased unionization rates in the United States have been linked to an increase in occupational fatalities.

7872: 8400: 824:

states that a trade union is "an organisation consisting predominantly of employees, the principal activities of which include the negotiation of rates of pay and conditions of employment for its members".

9405: 8808: 6352: 1242:, after an apparently unsuccessful attempt to create a similar national presence with the National Union of Cotton-spinners. The Association quickly enrolled approximately 150 unions, consisting mostly of 5648: 8315: 2671:

However, in these countries, collective agreements are not widespread; only a few businesses and a few sectors of the economy have a strong tradition of finding collective solutions in labour relations.

1185:

was passed, which banned trade unions and collective bargaining by British workers. Although the unions were subject to often severe repression until 1824, they were already widespread in cities such as

8380: 729:

which details the governance of their bargaining unit and also have governance at various levels of government depending on the industry that binds them legally to their negotiations and functioning.

8722: 1331:

Beyond this claim, Mill also argued that, because individual workers had no basis for assessing the wages for a particular task, labour unions would lead to greater efficiency of the market system.

9007: 2838:

mandate the open shop in some states. In Germany only open shops are legal; that is, all discrimination based on union membership is forbidden. This affects the function and services of the union.

8767: 8158: 5199:

Van den Berg, Annette, Arjen van Witteloostuijn, and Olivier Van der Brempt. "Employee workplace representation in Belgium: Effects on firm performance." International Journal of Manpower (2017).

2431:" (an artificial legal entity), with a mandate to negotiate with employers for the workers it represents. In such cases, unions have certain legal rights, most importantly the right to engage in 8228: 3058:

In the United States, unions have been linked to lower racial resentment among whites. Membership in unions increases political knowledge, in particular among those with less formal education.

9445: 2659:

Concerning labour market regulation in the EU, Gold (1993) and Hall (1994) have identified three distinct systems of labour market regulation, which also influence the role that unions play:

8248: 3706: 8370: 6747: 2529:. In Denmark, there are some newer apolitical "discount" unions who offer a very basic level of services, as opposed to the dominating Danish pattern of extensive services and organizing. 8957: 8320: 7983: 2639:

Union law varies from country to country, as does the function of unions. For example, German and Dutch unions have played a greater role in management decisions through participation in

2830:

does not require union membership in employing or keeping workers. Where a union is active, workers who do not contribute to a union may include those who approve of the union contract (

9455: 9400: 8982: 8557: 7747: 9415: 9367: 9324: 8030: 800:, the predominant historical view is that a trade union "is a continuous association of wage earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment". 9334: 9220: 9172: 9069: 8762: 8423: 3011:

In the United States, the outsourcing of labour to Asia, Latin America, and Africa has been partially driven by increasing costs of union partnership, which gives other countries a

4338: 725:). The agreements negotiated by a union are binding on the rank-and-file members and the employer, and in some cases on other non-member workers. Trade unions traditionally have a 9435: 9390: 8385: 4892: 1111:(1848) by almost a century (and Marx's writings themselves frequently address the prior existence of the workers' movements of his time.) The first recorded labour strike in the 9430: 9410: 9177: 8772: 8440: 8428: 8418: 8365: 8335: 7787: 2679:

industries and most firms. This model was said to encompass Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. Here, Denmark joined the EU in 1973, whereas Finland and Sweden joined in 1995."

2497:. The service model union focuses more on maintaining worker rights, providing services, and resolving disputes. Alternately, the organizing model typically involves full-time 9182: 8717: 8682: 8390: 8602: 8360: 8168: 8103: 7792: 1571:

The decline in manufacturing is the most direct influence, as unions were historically beneficial and prevalent in the sector; for this reason, there may be an increase in

1119:

printers in 1786, who opposed a wage reduction and demanded $ 6 per week in wages. The origins of modern trade unions can be traced back to 18th-century Britain, where the

9099: 9059: 9039: 9019: 8727: 8702: 8617: 8597: 8547: 8517: 8355: 8350: 8345: 7962: 7882: 7847: 7817: 8013: 9210: 9034: 8813: 8692: 8687: 8340: 8263: 8208: 8178: 7837: 4838: 9299: 9230: 9215: 9162: 9114: 9109: 9084: 8942: 8757: 8707: 8642: 8532: 8295: 8243: 8193: 8153: 8108: 7937: 7757: 7737: 6719: 9200: 9450: 9089: 9049: 8997: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8947: 8732: 8647: 8627: 8310: 8305: 8198: 8009: 8000: 7991: 7892: 7862: 7852: 7842: 7807: 7802: 7752: 4709: 4656: 1576:

it has been mostly right-wing proposals that make it harder for unions to form or that limit their power. On the other side, there are many social policies such as

1164:, though the relationship between the two is disputed, as the masters of the guilds employed workers (apprentices and journeymen) who were not allowed to organize. 9425: 9344: 9225: 9167: 9104: 9054: 9024: 8777: 8612: 8592: 8527: 8522: 8213: 8203: 8183: 8113: 7932: 7867: 7822: 4356: 2747: 5007:

Stiglitz, Joseph E. (4 June 2012). The Price of Inequality: How Today's Divided Society Endangers Our Future (Kindle Locations 1148–1149). Norton. Kindle Edition.

9339: 9329: 9044: 8818: 8737: 8697: 8652: 8300: 8188: 7987: 7812: 7797: 7767: 2805:

is an example of a closed shop—in this case the employer must recruit directly from the union, as well as the employee working strictly for unionized employers.

2384:, traditionally found in Australia, Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Netherlands, the UK and the US), or attempt to organize all workers within a particular industry ( 9420: 9372: 8577: 8572: 8148: 7827: 2734:

party, but many exceptions exist, including some of the aforementioned Christian unions. In the United States, trade unions are almost always aligned with the

2704: 1246:, but also including mechanics, blacksmiths, and various others. Membership rose to between 10,000 and 20,000 individuals spread across the five counties of 3969: 805:

traditionally maintained in the various branches of industry. That is to say, they wish to prevent the price of labour-power from falling below its value" (

7727: 6738:– Listing of 5,000 UK trade unions with histories of main organisations, trade union "family trees" and details of union membership and strikes since 1900. 11140: 10699: 10561: 2781:

has regulated collective bargaining by requiring employers to participate, but collective bargaining has only been legal if held in sessions before the

2510:

add barriers and costs for the trade unions when trying to organize the informal economy. This has been a significant threshold to labour organizing in

12425: 11944: 9289: 6424: 11850: 11845: 10286: 6383:(Studies in Social Policy, Industrial Relations, Working Life and Mobility). Research Reports 2017:2. Lund: Department of Sociology, Lund University. 4948: 3122: 1235: 12367: 8879: 4992:"A 2011 study drew a link between the decline in union membership since 1973 and expanding wage disparity. Those trends have since continued, said 2693: 2388:, found in Australia, Canada, Germany, Finland, Norway, South Korea, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the US). These unions are often divided into " 4321: 1374: 10742: 10301: 9566: 6112: 4289: 2890: 2522: 4576: 10749: 3127: 2812:(US) or a "post-entry closed shop" (UK) employs non-union workers as well but sets a time limit within which new employees must join a union. 5217:

Vedder, Richard, and Lowell Gallaway. "The economic effects of labor unions revisited." Journal of labor research 23, no. 1 (2002): 105–130.

4982: 9546: 9440: 7712: 5419:

Tracy, Joseph (1986). Seniority Rules and the Gains from Union Organization (Report). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research.

3850: 2762:

plans at odds with what unions see as the worker's interests. However, it has strengthened once more after the Labour party's election of

10296: 5363:

Card David, Krueger Alan. (1995). Myth and measurement: The new economics of the minimum wage. Princeton, NJ. Princeton University Press.

4391:"Trade Union Transformation and Informal Sector Organising in Uganda: The Prospects and Challenges for Promoting Labour-led Development" 11049: 9672: 6805: 5930:"Solidarity and disparity: Declining labor union density and changing racial and educational mortality inequities in the United States" 4931: 2946:

US Income inequality and union participation have had a distinctly inverse relationship, with the disparity increasing since the 1980s.

2620: 1366:

This period also saw the growth of trade unions in other industrializing countries, especially the United States, Germany and France.

12291: 10681: 10669: 7732: 7535: 899: 335: 6547: 4468: 12420: 11963:

What is considered a human right is in some cases controversial; not all the topics listed are universally accepted as human rights

8083: 8068: 7427: 6669: 1404: 1278: 5258: 2819:

requires non-union workers to pay a fee to the union for its services in negotiating their contract. This is sometimes called the

12196: 11804: 10737: 10725: 9263: 8747: 6367: 5314: 3554: 3415: 2624: 2604: 2556:), religious unions have existed for decades. These unions typically distanced themselves from some of the doctrines of orthodox 2459: 2401: 1385: 343: 4496: 2770:

to become leader of the party after Ed secured the trade union votes. Additionally, in the past, there was a group known as the

2675:

and the UK belong to this category, and in contrast to the EU core countries above, these countries first joined the EU in 1973.

11997: 11937: 11809: 10306: 8937: 7651: 6259: 4030: 2972: 2968: 2739: 304: 4074: 12376: 11855: 11103: 10761: 10511: 10291: 4846: 4255: 10693: 6729: 6716: 939:) vessel constructed in an employment contract between a shipbuilder and a ship-owner. Law 275 stipulated a ferry rate of 3- 12360: 12165: 9561: 9304: 8872: 8474: 8330: 4328:. Brussels: Peter Lang and Etui. Series: Travail et Société / Work and Society, Volume 86, 2023, chapter 28, pp. 1051–1092. 2962:, sometimes working with market forces that they have helped shape, to increase it." Evidence indicates that those who are 1270:

publication, having the declared intention "to unite the productive classes of the community in one common bond of union."

4701: 4664: 3328: 12324: 12276: 12047: 9507: 8093: 6560:

Holgate, Jane (9 July 2016). "Book review: A Hodder and L Kretsos (eds), Young Workers and Trade Unions: A Global View".

2859: 2393: 330: 105: 4353: 2517:

In the United Kingdom, the perceived left-leaning nature of trade unions (and their historical close alignment with the

1373:, in 1869, which began to grow after 1880. Legalization occurred slowly as a result of a series of court decisions. The 9702: 9144: 6318: 6083: 5528:"Policy Feedback as Political Weapon: Conservative Advocacy and the Demobilization of the Public Sector Labor Movement" 5387: 3819: 3790: 3782: 2583:

Although their political structure and autonomy varies widely, union leaderships are usually formed through democratic

1377:

began in 1881 as a federation of different unions that did not directly enrol workers. In 1886, it became known as the

5866: 3586: 3447: 11930: 11795: 9631: 9205: 8253: 7397: 6916: 6207: 4872: 3607: 3468: 2924: 1424: 1243: 214: 5208:

Hirsch, Barry T. "What do unions do for economic performance?." Journal of Labor Research 25, no. 3 (2004): 415–455.

2866:

were among a limited number of contracting states that continue to permit the conclusion of closed-shop agreements.

2466:

In some regions, unions may face active repression, either by governments or by extralegal organizations, with many

2380:, Canada, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, the UK and the US), a cross-section of workers from various trades ( 11764: 11242: 10807: 10653: 9697: 9395: 8803: 8026: 7510: 6380:

The Membership Development of Swedish Trade Unions and Union Confederations Since the End of the Nineteenth Century

2743: 2735: 2596: 1359: 841: 476: 348: 199: 11170: 4799:"Unions and the Great Compression of wage inequality in the US at mid-century: evidence from local labour markets" 2958:

has asserted that, "Strong unions have helped to reduce inequality, whereas weaker unions have made it easier for

2424:

setting the "mark" (the industry norm) in negotiations with the employers' association in manufacturing industry.

1202:, which was soon crushed. Sympathy for the plight of the workers brought repeal of the acts in 1824, although the 828:

Recent historical research by Bob James puts forward the view that trade unions are part of a broader movement of

12353: 10755: 10731: 10687: 10276: 9667: 9657: 9064: 8865: 8667: 7328: 4644:

Module 3, Maritime & Port Wages, Benefits, Labour Relations. International Maritime Human Resource Management

4066: 2565: 1363:

in 1867 agreed that the establishment of the organizations was to the advantage of both employers and employees.

1314: 1167:

Trade unions and collective bargaining were outlawed from no later than the middle of the 14th century, when the

821: 628: 551: 5696:"Reducing Unequal Representation: The Impact of Labor Unions on Legislative Responsiveness in the U.S. Congress" 5569:"Reducing Unequal Representation: The Impact of Labor Unions on Legislative Responsiveness in the U.S. Congress" 1057:(193–211) in 198 AD. In September 2011, archaeological investigations done at the site of the artificial harbor 12410: 12329: 12226: 11982: 11042: 10281: 7580: 6798: 6326: 4970: 3886: 3379: 2855: 2653: 249: 244: 6388:

The Politics of West German Trade Unions: Strategies of Class and Interest Representation in Growth and Crisis

1214:. The latter name was to hide the organization's real purpose in a time when trade unions were still illegal. 11394: 9029: 4234:

Goodard, J. (2013). "Labour Law and Union Recognition in Canada: A Historical-Institutionalist Perspective".

2628: 1239: 689:

Trade unions typically fund their head office and legal team functions through regularly imposed fees called

536: 38: 11444: 4322:"Trade unions in Sweden: still high union density, but widening gaps by social category and national origin" 1423:

World map with countries shaded according to their trade union density rate with statistics provided by the

12266: 11814: 11272: 10711: 10439: 9687: 9588: 8637: 8061: 8022: 7897: 7887: 7692: 6421: 6098: 3152: 2771: 2451:, or binding arbitration. In extreme cases, violent or illegal activities may develop around these events. 1378: 511: 17: 1292:

More permanent trade unions were established from the 1850s, better resourced but often less radical. The

12521: 12092: 12002: 11069: 10646: 10256: 9953: 9899: 9738: 9573: 9314: 9256: 9129: 8607: 8497: 8233: 7902: 7722: 6936: 6876: 6752: 6548:

Opening Up By Cracking Down: Labor Repression and Trade Liberalization in Democratic Developing Countries

4343:. Department of Sociology, Lund University and Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies, Cologne. 3778: 3603: 3464: 3027: 2801:(US) or a "pre-entry closed shop" (UK) employs only people who are already union members. The compulsory 2715: 1305: 3362:

Powell, Marvin A. (1995). "Metrology and Mathematics in Ancient Mesopotamia". In Sasson, Jack M. (ed.).

992: 12400: 11969: 9904: 9768: 9662: 8922: 8507: 8143: 7832: 7772: 7707: 7644: 7333: 7178: 6823: 6393:

McGaughey, Ewan, 'Democracy or Oligarchy? Models of Union Governance in the UK, Germany and US' (2017)

6178:

St. James Encyclopedia of Labor History Worldwide : Major Events in Labor History and Their Impact

5991:"Does 'right to work' imperil the right to health? The effect of labour unions on workplace fatalities" 4483:

See E McGaughey, 'Democracy or Oligarchy? Models of Union Governance in the UK, Germany and US' (2017)

2649: 2397: 988: 585: 521: 8325: 5928:

Eisenberg-Guyot, Jerzy; Mooney, Stephen J.; Hagopian, Amy; Barrington, Wendy E.; Hajat, Anjum (2020).

4445:"The economic and social processes that led to the revolt of the Polish workers in the early eighties" 4199:

Briggs, C. (2007). "Statutory Union Recognition in North America and the UK: Lessons for Australia?".

772: 12573: 12314: 12256: 11829: 11035: 10977: 10504: 9983: 9872: 9682: 9583: 9284: 8567: 8098: 6842: 6791: 6772: 6707: 6694: 6689: 4686: 4035: 3070: 788: 707: 541: 269: 209: 4296: 12605: 12271: 12236: 12181: 12067: 11410: 11227: 11205: 10356: 10108: 10013: 9978: 9958: 9626: 9578: 8662: 8632: 8489: 8467: 8218: 8138: 7912: 7762: 7702: 7687: 7515: 7377: 7351: 7318: 6967: 4962: 4587: 3112: 2906: 2616: 2474: 2420: 1082: 1004: 865: 516: 491: 219: 120: 5016:

Barry T. Hirsch, David A. Macpherson, and Wayne G. Vroman, "Estimates of Union Density by State",

4626:

Industrial Relations and the Social Dimension of European Integration: Before and after Maastricht

2942: 2718:

does not strive to act as a union, as it also represents the interests of engineering businesses.

1560:

average of 35.9% in 1998 to 27.9% in the year 2018. The main reasons for these developments are a

902:

for length, area, volume, weight, and time used by artisan guilds in each city was promulgated by

11977: 11824: 11299: 10987: 10901: 10477: 10159: 9948: 9816: 9763: 9621: 9611: 9500: 9349: 9139: 9002: 8987: 8932: 8927: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8512: 8502: 8258: 8173: 8163: 8118: 8054: 7922: 7877: 7697: 7672: 7338: 7158: 6982: 6926: 6881: 4164:

Townshend-Smith, R (1981). "Trade union recognition legislation – Britain and America compared".

3811: 3558: 3419: 3162: 3157: 3099: 2774:, or CTU, formed of people who sympathized with right wing Tory policy but were Trade Unionists. 2608: 1348: 1344: 1107: 849: 531: 60: 6732:– European Industrial Relations Observatory report on membership trends in 28 European countries 6726:– European Industrial Relations Observatory report on membership trends in 26 European countries 4146: 3644: 12468: 12432: 12007: 11992: 10906: 10705: 10621: 10251: 9884: 9712: 9249: 9134: 9124: 9094: 9079: 9074: 8992: 8977: 8952: 8888: 8712: 8677: 8582: 8542: 8128: 8123: 7927: 7782: 7677: 7520: 7198: 3509: 2709: 2526: 2483: 1168: 496: 466: 458: 229: 6394: 6120:

Moses, John A. (December 1973). "The Trade Union Issue In German Social Democracy 1890–1900".

5377: 4484: 4390: 4040: 3988: 3742: 3221:

Poole, M., 1986. Industrial Relations: Origins and Patterns of National Diversity. London UK:

1545: 12610: 12547: 12319: 12127: 12117: 12082: 11744: 11319: 11257: 11128: 11083: 10936: 10926: 10717: 10266: 10152: 10081: 9936: 9821: 9783: 9319: 9309: 9119: 9014: 8672: 8587: 8562: 8552: 8537: 8133: 7907: 7857: 7777: 7742: 7682: 7637: 7323: 6977: 6435:

The Crisis of Social Democratic Trade Unionism in Western Europe: The Search for Alternatives

5773: 3290: 3035: 3012: 2976: 2573: 2507: 2432: 1301: 1293: 1153: 1120: 948: 737: 678: 526: 486: 471: 194: 100: 11384: 10847: 6122:

Internationale Wissenschaftliche Korrespondenz zur Geschichte der Deutschen Arbeiterbewegung

5737:"When Do Unions Matter to Social Policy? Organized Labor and Leave Legislation in US States" 5616:"When Do Unions Matter to Social Policy? Organized Labor and Leave Legislation in US States" 4957: 1308:. By this time, the existence and the demands of the trade unions were becoming accepted by 12456: 12246: 12206: 12087: 11819: 11504: 11374: 11210: 11200: 11145: 11078: 11017: 10662: 10600: 10497: 10375: 10318: 9941: 9921: 9748: 9636: 9556: 9294: 8657: 8622: 8223: 7917: 7717: 6987: 6901: 6891: 5893:

Anzia, Sarah F.; Moe, Terry M. (2015). "Public Sector Unions and the Costs of Government".

5270: 5150: 5124: 5031: 5017: 3640: 3371: 3364: 3137: 2848: 1226:

Poster issued by the London Trades Council, advertising a demonstration held on 2 June 1873

1203: 979:-shekel per day freight rate for a 60-gur vessel. In 1816, an archaeological excavation in 694: 575: 506: 325: 160: 130: 11464: 6610:

Levitsky, Steven, and Scott Mainwaring. "Organized labor and democracy in Latin America".

6503:, "Ruling-Class Rules: How to thrive in the power elite – while declaring it your enemy", 6404: 4741: 4372: 1033:

during the reign of Julius Caesar (49–44 BC), and their reaffirmation during the reign of

918: 8: 12563: 12405: 12296: 12017: 12012: 11987: 11469: 11150: 11108: 10782: 10767: 10590: 10575: 10546: 10434: 10429: 10424: 10409: 10271: 10231: 9993: 9963: 9831: 9692: 9616: 9606: 8787: 8460: 8282: 7585: 7439: 7422: 7043: 7002: 6896: 6351:

European Commission, Directorate General for Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion:

5341:"Outsourcing, Unions, and Wages: Evidence from data matching imports, firms, and workers" 4444: 3132: 2951: 2672: 2467: 2454: 2436: 2385: 2361: 1561: 1392: 1086: 722: 621: 501: 155: 11539: 9889: 6285:

Zeitlin, Jonathan (1987). "From labour history to the history of industrial relations".

5274: 3631: 3538: 3399: 12462: 12334: 12211: 12137: 12032: 11888: 11877: 11674: 11669: 11654: 11634: 11309: 11195: 11160: 10857: 10812: 10470: 10382: 10261: 10186: 10003: 9968: 9879: 9836: 9806: 9778: 9773: 9743: 9717: 9541: 9493: 7570: 7372: 7346: 7268: 7148: 7138: 6972: 6758: 6615: 6585: 6302: 6106: 6026: 5962: 5929: 5871: 5848: 5801: 5676: 5596: 5508: 5286: 5106: 5059: 4923: 4340:

The Nordic Model of Industrial Relations: comparing Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden

4216: 4181: 4177: 4128: 4120: 3950: 3723: 3686: 3636: 3179: 3117: 3063: 2987: 2980: 2793:

Companies that employ workers with a union generally operate on one of several models:

2511: 2448: 2365: 1572: 1297: 1172: 1136: 903: 404: 264: 11589: 4577:"The role of German trade unions in the national and European standardisation process" 2532: 12511: 12415: 12241: 12201: 12154: 12102: 12027: 11749: 11604: 11389: 11379: 11155: 11093: 11088: 10832: 10792: 10595: 10580: 10551: 10331: 10201: 10093: 10057: 10047: 10008: 9998: 9926: 9916: 9846: 8842: 7495: 7490: 7278: 7203: 7112: 7028: 6992: 6589: 6577: 6322: 6079: 6018: 6010: 5967: 5949: 5910: 5852: 5840: 5805: 5793: 5717: 5680: 5668: 5600: 5588: 5549: 5512: 5500: 5461: 5383: 5290: 5182: 5098: 5063: 5051: 4966: 4915: 4868: 4820: 4779: 4503: 4326:

Trade unions in the European Union. Picking up the pieces of the neoliberal challenge

4264: 4220: 4185: 4132: 4112: 3892: 3882: 3815: 3786: 3678: 3375: 3310: 3242: 2898: 2835: 2778: 2755: 2698: 2640: 2518: 2440: 1537: 1396: 1286: 1093:, keeping scriptures, arranging festivals, and maintaining specific religious cults. 1054: 674: 595: 546: 481: 424: 234: 90: 31: 6059:

Braunthal, Gerard (1956). "The German Free Trade Unions during the Rise of Nazism".

6030: 5456: 5439: 5402:

Kusunoki, S. Hayek on labor unions and restraint of trade. Const Polit Econ (2023).

5340: 5243: 5110: 4927: 12497: 12231: 12147: 12112: 11911: 11901: 11779: 11734: 11724: 11714: 11689: 11569: 11524: 11489: 11459: 11454: 11424: 11329: 11222: 11123: 11059: 11007: 10967: 10957: 10911: 10626: 10541: 10444: 10399: 10344: 10336: 10326: 10103: 10027: 9867: 9841: 9826: 9733: 9551: 9533: 7500: 7475: 6957: 6623: 6569: 6294: 6002: 5957: 5941: 5902: 5832: 5785: 5748: 5707: 5660: 5627: 5580: 5539: 5492: 5451: 5420: 5403: 5278: 5172: 5162: 5090: 5043: 4907: 4810: 4769: 4736: 4402: 4208: 4173: 4104: 4071: 3942: 3715: 3550: 3499: 3411: 3302: 3107: 2902: 2644: 2612: 2502: 2494: 1370: 1319: 1266:

within a year. To establish awareness and legitimacy, the union started the weekly

1101:

While a commonly held mistaken view holds modern trade unionism to be a product of

845: 683: 654: 580: 570: 125: 11564: 10822: 10787: 4758:"Unions and Inequality over the Twentieth Century: New Evidence from Survey Data*" 12442: 12309: 12261: 12221: 12122: 12072: 11906: 11679: 11559: 11499: 11439: 11334: 11324: 11267: 11185: 11113: 10997: 10931: 10852: 10536: 10456: 10419: 10395: 10196: 10191: 10171: 10130: 10125: 10072: 10067: 9931: 9911: 9788: 9753: 7313: 7263: 7163: 7133: 6871: 6833: 6778: 6723: 6711: 6605:

Redeeming the Revolution: The State and Organized Labor in Post-Tlatelolco Mexico

6428: 6073: 5373: 4360: 4078: 3513: 3267: 3022: 3017: 2955: 2782: 2731: 2577: 2498: 2479: 2428: 1369:

In the United States, the first effective nationwide labour organization was the

1339: 1259: 1181: 1176: 1161: 932: 888: 861: 829: 814: 646: 600: 414: 372: 294: 80: 11594: 10827: 6486:

Guild, C. M. (2021). Union Library Workers Blog: The Years 2019–2020 in Review.

5821:"How Labor Unions Increase Political Knowledge: Evidence from the United States" 996: 760:. Trade union density, or the percentage of workers belonging to a trade union, 12505: 12251: 12176: 12132: 11739: 11694: 11684: 11664: 11624: 11579: 11544: 11434: 11429: 11419: 11314: 11287: 10872: 10842: 10802: 10797: 10631: 10362: 10211: 9894: 9758: 9652: 9598: 8046: 7595: 7480: 7454: 7434: 7412: 7293: 7288: 7273: 7236: 7038: 6866: 6505: 6246: 5836: 5496: 5407: 4724: 4212: 4108: 3504: 2767: 2664: 2569: 2521:) has resulted in the formation of a reactionary right-wing trade union called 2416: 2373: 1419: 1389: 1354: 1263: 1199: 1000: 733: 714: 614: 439: 434: 419: 382: 204: 50: 11639: 11609: 11509: 6006: 5712: 5695: 5664: 5584: 5544: 5527: 5282: 1222: 12599: 12480: 12281: 12216: 12097: 11784: 11774: 11769: 11754: 11649: 11584: 11549: 11529: 11519: 11356: 11277: 11262: 10867: 10862: 10165: 10086: 10034: 9973: 9811: 9677: 8836: 7565: 7530: 7525: 7444: 7402: 7223: 7193: 7153: 7033: 7023: 6997: 6962: 6941: 6581: 6573: 6201:

British Trade Unions and Industrial Politics: The Post-War Compromise 1945–64

6014: 5953: 5914: 5844: 5820: 5797: 5721: 5672: 5592: 5553: 5504: 5480: 5465: 5186: 5102: 5094: 5055: 4993: 4919: 4911: 4824: 4783: 4268: 4116: 3704:

Ginsburg, Michael (1940). "Roman military clubs and their social functions".

3682: 3314: 3172: 3167: 3147: 2759: 2751: 2684: 2490: 2444: 2381: 1581: 1565: 1553: 1285:

from Owenites to revolutionaries and played a part in the protests after the

1231: 1132: 1112: 966: 797: 718: 364: 299: 259: 224: 150: 9472: 4996:, a professor of sociology at Harvard University who co-authored the study." 4407: 3911: 3896: 2950:

The academic literature shows substantial evidence that trade unions reduce

2754:

in 1980. In the United Kingdom trade union movement's relationship with the

1061:

in Rome revealed inscriptions in a shipyard constructed during the reign of

12191: 12186: 12077: 11954: 11922: 11759: 11729: 11629: 11619: 11574: 11554: 11494: 11484: 11449: 11252: 11135: 10963: 10921: 10837: 10817: 10636: 10414: 10226: 10221: 10181: 10142: 7600: 7560: 7555: 7485: 7258: 7246: 7213: 7107: 7102: 7048: 6886: 6828: 6022: 5971: 5078: 4376: 3747: 3594: 3455: 3142: 2820: 2357: 1577: 1145: 1116: 1066: 1042: 1024: 984: 980: 962: 944: 741: 726: 444: 409: 392: 289: 274: 239: 189: 184: 176: 110: 9241: 4774: 4757: 2368:. The UFW during Chavez's tenure was committed to restricting immigration. 1127:, peasants and immigrants, into cities. Britain had ended the practice of 713:

Unions may organize a particular section of skilled or unskilled workers (

12526: 12395: 12345: 12057: 11709: 11704: 11659: 11644: 11614: 11599: 11534: 11514: 11479: 11346: 11247: 10896: 10675: 10605: 10521: 10404: 10077: 9862: 8857: 8846: 7629: 7616: 7545: 7505: 7417: 7208: 7128: 7097: 7087: 7077: 7007: 6931: 6921: 6906: 6741: 6416:

Ribeiro, Ana Teresa. "Recent Trends in Collective Bargaining in Europe."

6411:

The development of trade unionism in Great Britain and Germany, 1880–1914

5753: 5736: 5632: 5615: 5177: 5167: 4756:

Farber, Henry S; Herbst, Daniel; Kuziemko, Ilyana; Naidu, Suresh (2021).

4497:"Australian Centre for Industrial Relations Research and Training report" 3933:"Restraint of Trade. Sherman Anti-Trust Law. Liability of Labor Unions". 3912:"Application of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act to Unions since the Apex Case" 3876: 3039: 3000: 2858:

found Danish closed-shop agreements to be in breach of Article 11 of the

2831: 2816: 2802: 2798: 2763: 2553: 2549: 2389: 1274: 1195: 1045:

or the Roman emperor in order to be authorized as legal bodies. Ruins at

837: 793: 145: 115: 95: 10993: 6619: 6401:

Catholic Labor Movements in Europe. Social Thought and Action, 1914–1965

5990: 4949:

Jake Rosenfeld explores the sharp decline of union membership, influence

4443:

Poland, Professor Jacek Tittenbrun of Poznan University (18 July 2005).

4324:. In Jeremy Waddington & Torsten Mueller & Kurt Vandaele (eds.) 4124: 4092: 3690: 3666: 2599:

created in 1945. The largest trade union federation in the world is the

12516: 12062: 11719: 11474: 11304: 11237: 11232: 10585: 10348: 10340: 10216: 10137: 10098: 10042: 8452: 7575: 7550: 7540: 7459: 7449: 7367: 7092: 6911: 6524: 6500: 6481: 6471:

Major Problems In The History Of American Workers: Documents and Essays

6464: 6454: 6315:

Directory of Employer's Associations, Trade unions, Joint Organisations

6306: 5945: 5927: 5789: 5440:"After Citizens United: How outside spending shapes American democracy" 3954: 3752: 3306: 3005: 2809: 2548:

In contrast, in several European countries (e.g. Belgium, Denmark, the

1309: 1282: 1255: 1247: 1211: 1050: 810: 757: 753: 721:), or an attempt to organize all workers within a particular industry ( 666: 590: 284: 279: 6641: 5382:(, 3rd printing ed.). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. 5229:"Union retreat and regional economic performance: the UK in the 1990s" 4815: 4798: 4528: 3727: 2983:

have been linked to greater economic inequality in the United States.

2435:

with the employer (or employers) over wages, working hours, and other

12578: 12042: 11883: 11871: 11699: 11399: 11292: 11282: 11217: 11190: 10941: 10886: 10390: 10206: 10176: 10147: 9516: 8287: 7407: 7253: 7188: 7173: 7168: 7082: 6627: 6239:

To Build a New Jerusalem: Labour Movement from the 1890s to the 1990s

5438:

Abdul-Razzak, Nour; Prato, Carlo; Wolton, Stephane (1 October 2020).

3878:

Through the prism of slavery : labor, capital, and world economy

3707:

Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association

3582: 3534: 3495: 3443: 3395: 3222: 2827: 2727: 2723: 2377: 1124: 1049:

date the formation of burial societies among Roman Army soldiers and

1046: 1029: 801: 702: 698: 399: 140: 135: 6298: 5259:"Union Retreat and Regional Economic Performance: The UK Experience" 3946: 12486: 12474: 12304: 12142: 11098: 11027: 10891: 10114: 8273: 7605: 7590: 7183: 6783: 6735: 6478:

In Labor's Cause: Main Themes on the History of the American Worker

5906: 5149:

Barth, Erling; Bryson, Alex; Dale-Olsen, Harald (16 October 2020).

5047: 3719: 2600: 2584: 1251: 1034: 1009: 749: 254: 10953: 5424: 4613:

The Social Dimension – Employment Policy in the European Community

1343:

Trade union demonstrators held at bay by soldiers during the 1912

1065:(98–117) indicating the existence of a shipbuilders guild. Rome's 70: 12450: 12390: 12107: 12052: 12037: 12022: 11351: 11118: 10916: 10614: 10052: 9988: 7283: 4725:"Labor Unions, Political Representation, and Economic Inequality" 4093:"John Stuart Mill and the Economic Rationale for Organized Labor" 3599: 3460: 2863: 2557: 2470:, some having lead to deaths, having been recorded historically. 2439:. The inability of the parties to reach an agreement may lead to 1584:, parental leave, etc., that decrease the need to be in a union. 1191: 1128: 1102: 1013: 880: 745: 429: 4981:

Keith Naughton, Lynn Doan and Jeffrey Green (20 February 2015).

4430:"See the website of the Danish discount union "Det faglige Hus"" 4429: 3667:"D. 47,22, 1, pr.-1 and the Formation of Semi-Public "Collegia"" 2473:

Unions may also engage in broader political or social struggle.

2353: 665:

whose purpose is to maintain or improve the conditions of their

12568: 9707: 7231: 7143: 6699: 5315:"Will Automation Replace Jobs? Port Workers May Strike Over It" 2561: 2541: 2537: 2514:, where the labour force mostly works in the informal economy. 1187: 1090: 1062: 1058: 969:

between a charterer and shipmaster, while Law 277 stipulated a

936: 914: 833: 662: 377: 11003: 10983: 10489: 6764: 6704: 6676: 6664:

Visser, Jelle. "Union membership statistics in 24 countries."

6232:. A History of British Trade Unions Since 1889. Vol. III. 5649:"Who passes restrictive labour policy? A view from the States" 5303:

Bryson, Alex. "Union wage effects." IZA World of Labor (2014).

3093: 10367: 7241: 6652:

From consent to coercion: The assault on trade union freedoms

6223:. A History of British Trade Unions Since 1889. Vol. II. 5032:"The Right to Work, Power Resources, and Economic Inequality" 2889:

deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a

2462:

was a trade union strike involving more than 200,000 workers.

2409: 2405: 2372:

Unions may organize a particular section of skilled workers (

1157: 940: 884: 869: 387: 9485: 6214:. A History of British Trade Unions Since 1889. Vol. I. 4550: 3370:. Vol. III. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 3291:"The Marxist View of the Labor Unions: Complex and Critical" 2860:

European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

10062: 6759:

Retaliation for Union Activity and Collection Action Rights

6261:

The Contentious Alliance: Trade Unions and the Labour Party

6134: 2343: 1589: 1557: 736:, trade unions became popular in many countries during the 670: 2834:) and those who do not. In the United States, state level 1334: 1234:

in the United Kingdom were made in the 1820s and 30s. The

6637:. (3rd ed. Toronto, Ont.: New Canada Publications, 1973). 6418:

E-Journal of International and Comparative Labour Studies

4755: 3633:

The Documentary History of Insurance, 1000 B.C.–1875 A.D.

2959: 6521:

American Workers, American Unions: The Twentieth Century

6361:

Trade unions in western Europe: Hard times, hard choices

4955:

Retrieved 6 March 2015. See also: Jake Rosenfeld (2014)

3073:

have been associated with increased cost of government.

2627:, the International Arts and Entertainment Alliance and 2595:

The oldest global trade union organizations include the

6497:(2004), textbook, based on earlier textbooks by Dulles. 5437: 4047: 3598:. Translated by Harper, Robert Francis (2nd ed.). 3459:. Translated by Harper, Robert Francis (2nd ed.). 4983:

As the Rich Get Richer, Unions Are Poised for Comeback

4839:"Unions and American Income Inequality at Mid-Century" 3198: 3196: 3194: 740:. Trade unions may be composed of individual workers, 6774:

A History of Labor Unions from Colonial Times to 2009

6659:

Trade Unions and Politics: A Comparative Introduction

6514:

The ABC-CLIO Companion to the American Labor Movement

5236:

Research Papers in Environmental and Spatial Analysis

5148: 5079:"Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality" 4893:"Unions, Norms, and the Rise in U.S. Wage Inequality" 3237: 3235: 3233: 3231: 1357:

trade unions were finally legalized in 1872, after a

1131:

in 1574, but the vast majority of people remained as

999:, that prescribed the rules and membership dues of a 6451:

Encyclopedia of U.S. Labor and Working-Class History

6409:

Mommsen, Wolfgang J., and Hans-Gerhard Husung, eds.

3089: 2486:

were founded as the electoral arms of trade unions.

1190:. Workplace militancy had also manifested itself as 1023:

was any association in ancient Rome that acted as a

10700:

Confederation of Revolutionary Anarcho-Syndicalists

6374:(NJWLS) Vol. 1. No 1 (August 2011), pp. 67–93. 4295:. International Labour Organisation. Archived from 3191: 3025:criticized unions in chapter 18 of his publication 2412:, the Japanese national trade union confederation. 2396:. These federations themselves will affiliate with 817:the workplace, in order to obtain political power. 717:), a cross-section of workers from various trades ( 710:(collective bargaining agreements) with employers. 37:"Labour Union" redirects here. For other uses, see 12426:List of industry trade groups in the United States 12315:Freedom from involuntary female genital mutilation 6695:LabourStart international trade union news service 6142:Webb, Sidney; Webb, Beatrice (1920). "Chapter I". 4687:"ECHR rules against Danish closed-shop agreements" 4628:, pp. 281–331 in Hyman, R. & Ferner A., eds.: 4469:Solidarność popiera Kaczyńskiego jak kiedyś Wałęsę 4254: 3363: 3355: 3228: 1105:, the earliest modern trade unions predate Marx's 6461:Labor Relations: Major Issues in American History 6368:"The Decline in Swedish Union Density since 2007" 5693: 5566: 5151:"Union Density Effects on Productivity and Wages" 5077:Western, Bruce; Rosenfeld, Jake (1 August 2011). 4797:Collins, William J.; Niemesh, Gregory T. (2019). 4389:Schminke, Tobias Gerhard; Fridell, Gavin (2021). 4011: 3575: 3527: 3436: 3123:Labor federation competition in the United States 2748:Professional Air Traffic Controllers Organization 1236:National Association for the Protection of Labour 12597: 8076: 6538:Alexander, Robert Jackson, and Eldon M. Parker. 6359:Gumbrell-McCormick, Rebecca, and Richard Hyman. 6251:A history of British trade unionism c. 1770–1990 6199:Campbell, A., Fishman, N., and McIlroy, J. eds. 5525: 5481:"Labor Unions and White Democratic Partisanship" 5076: 4890: 4693: 3837:A History of Trade Unionism in the United States 3743:"Huge Ancient Roman Shipyard Unearthed in Italy" 3570:275. If anyone hires a ... day as rent therefor. 3480:§234. If a boatman build ... silver as his wage. 3388: 3343: 3217: 3215: 3213: 3211: 1194:and had been prominent in struggles such as the 879:Following the unification of the city-states in 6453:(2006), 3 vol; 2064pp; 650 articles by experts 4891:Western, Bruce; Rosenfeld, Jake (August 2011). 4388: 4163: 3431:234. If a shipbuilder builds ... as a present . 2576:overtones and today it supports the right-wing 1375:Federation of Organized Trades and Labor Unions 1198:in Scotland, in which 60,000 workers went on a 6598:Trade unions and workplace democracy in Africa 5771: 4796: 4630:New Frontiers in European Industrial Relations 4615:. Basingstoke England UK: Macmillan Publishing 4373:Amnesty International report 23 September 2005 1596:Union density across OECD members (in %) 1012:, in approximately 133 AD during the reign of 12361: 11938: 11043: 10505: 9501: 9477: 9257: 8873: 8468: 8062: 7645: 7222: 6799: 6635:The Trade Union Movement of Canada: 1827–1959 6556:Young Workers and Trade Unions: A Global View 6469:Boris, Eileen, and Nelson Lichtenstein, eds. 5694:Becher, Michael; Stegmueller, Daniel (2020). 5567:Becher, Michael; Stegmueller, Daniel (2020). 5256: 5226: 3976:. p. 25 – via Google News Archive. 3208: 3128:Labor Management Reporting and Disclosure Act 2887:The examples and perspective in this article 622: 11952: 8396:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 6463:(2005) over 100 annotated primary documents 5246:on 11 January 2024 – via ResearchGate. 5227:Monastiriotis, Vassilis (17 February 2003). 4657:"Freedom of Association/Trade Union Freedom" 4090: 3658: 3490: 3488: 2746:candidates on a number of occasions and the 913:–2218 BC), Sargon's grandson, including for 11983:Freedom from arbitrary arrest and detention 9271: 5982: 5867:"Why Unions Are Good — But Not Good Enough" 5029: 12375: 12368: 12354: 11945: 11931: 11050: 11036: 10750:Irish Transport and General Workers' Union 10512: 10498: 9508: 9494: 9264: 9250: 8887: 8880: 8866: 8475: 8461: 8069: 8055: 7659: 7652: 7638: 7621: 7536:International comparisons of labour unions 6806: 6792: 6654:(third edition. Ontario: Garamound Press). 6650:Panitch, Leo & Swartz, Donald (2003). 6493:Dubofsky, Melvyn, and Foster Rhea Dulles. 6131:A brief history of the German trade unions 6111:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 5647:Bucci, Laura C.; Jansa, Joshua M. (2020). 5646: 4354:The 10 Biggest Strikes in American History 4039:. London: Longmans Green and Co. pp. 3903: 3260: 2999:employment, wages, etc. Research from the 2621:International Transport Workers Federation 1549:Hours Worked Compared to Earnings Per Week 1217: 776:Garment workers on strike, New York City, 629: 615: 6344:Berghahn, Volker R., and Detlev Karsten. 6128: 6058: 5961: 5818: 5772:Frymer, Paul; Grumbach, Jacob M. (2020). 5752: 5711: 5631: 5543: 5478: 5455: 5257:Monastiriotis, Vassilis (15 March 2007). 5176: 5166: 4862: 4814: 4773: 4740: 4699: 4551:"International Trade Union Confederation" 4406: 4282: 4091:King, John T.; Yanochik, Mark A. (2011). 3619:§275. If a man hire ... its hire per day. 3581: 3533: 3494: 3485: 3442: 3394: 3061:According to American socialist magazine 2925:Learn how and when to remove this message 2348: 1230:The first attempts at forming a national 761: 27:Organisation of workers with common goals 12421:List of food industry trade associations 8482: 6519:Zieger, Robert H., and Gilbert J. Gall, 6245: 6194:Trade Unions and the Economy, 1870–2000. 6192:Aldcroft, D. H. and Oliver, M. J., eds. 6168: 6162:Historical Dictionary of Organized Labor 6159: 6141: 5892: 5774:"Labor Unions and White Racial Politics" 5372: 4722: 4641: 4201:The Economic and Labour Relations Review 4053: 4029: 3967: 3775:Wage Labor and Guilds in Medieval Europe 3703: 3202: 2941: 2738:with a few exceptions. For example, the 2531: 2453: 2352: 1544: 1536: 1418: 1338: 1281:. The organization attracted a range of 1279:Grand National Consolidated Trades Union 1221: 951:and a shipmaster. Law 276 stipulated a 2 771: 12197:Right to an adequate standard of living 11805:International Trade Union Confederation 6744:– History of the British union movement 6559: 6284: 6268: 5995:Occupational and Environmental Medicine 5934:American Journal of Industrial Medicine 5734: 5613: 5338: 4574: 4233: 3986: 3834: 3805: 3772: 3664: 3555:Records of the Past Exploration Society 3508:. Translated by King, Leonard William. 3416:Records of the Past Exploration Society 2758:frayed as party leadership embarked on 2625:International Federation of Journalists 2605:International Trade Union Confederation 2590: 2460:Great Southwest Railroad Strike of 1886 2402:International Trade Union Confederation 1414: 1386:Free Association of German Trade Unions 1335:Legalization, expansion and recognition 14: 12598: 11998:Cruel, inhuman, or degrading treatment 11810:International Union of Socialist Youth 10768:Sveriges Arbetares Centralorganisation 10682:Argentine Regional Workers' Federation 10670:International Workingmen's Association 6540:A history of organized labor in Brazil 6372:Nordic Journal of Working Life Studies 6257: 6236: 5988: 5293:– via Taylor and Francis online. 4442: 4198: 3874: 3851:"Strike: Strikes in the United States" 3808:The Constitution of the Roman Republic 3366:Civilizations of the Ancient Near East 3361: 2740:International Brotherhood of Teamsters 1096: 12349: 11926: 11031: 10493: 9489: 9476: 9245: 8861: 8456: 8050: 7633: 7620: 6787: 6748:Short history of the UGT in Catalonia 6607:(University of Nebraska Press, 2017). 6433:Upchurch, Martin, and Graham Taylor. 6227: 6218: 6206: 6119: 6092: 5778:American Journal of Political Science 5418: 5312: 4886: 4884: 4858: 4856: 4742:10.1146/annurev-polisci-051215-023225 3909: 3741:Welsh, Jennifer (23 September 2011). 3740: 3349: 3034:Trade unions frequently advocate for 2427:A union may acquire the status of a " 1556:has been steadily declining from the 11057: 6813: 6558:(Palgrave-Macmillan, 2015). Review: 6354:Industrial Relations in Europe 2010. 6346:Industrial Relations in West Germany 6071: 5886: 5526:Hertel-Fernandez, Alexander (2018). 5412: 5339:Kramarz, Francis (19 October 2006). 5306: 5125:"The Decline Of Unions Is Good News" 4947:Doree Armstrong (12 February 2014). 4252: 4017: 3881:. Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield. 3839:. New York: MacMillan. pp. 1–3. 3587:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon" 3539:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon" 3500:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon" 3448:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon" 3400:"Code of Hammurabi, King of Babylon" 3288: 2873: 2525:which is supported by the far-right 1206:severely restricted their activity. 6642:"Trade Unionism in Colonial Africa" 6281:(Manchester University Press, 1997) 6271:A history of British trade unionism 6061:Journal of Central European Affairs 2862:. It was stressed that Denmark and 305:Workers' right to access the toilet 24: 12508:(Greater China and Southeast Asia) 10694:Confederación Nacional del Trabajo 9547:Accidental death and dismemberment 6690:Australian Council of Trade Unions 6152: 5989:Zoorob, Michael (1 October 2018). 5819:Macdonald, David (29 April 2019). 4881: 4853: 4845:. 12 February 2019. Archived from 4762:The Quarterly Journal of Economics 4729:Annual Review of Political Science 4178:10.1111/j.1748-121X.1981.tb00120.x 3783:University of North Carolina Press 2851:of 1947 outlawed the closed shop. 2489:Unions are also delineated by the 2437:terms and conditions of employment 991:-era tablet from the ruins of the 987:of the Ottoman Empire) produced a 813:also saw trade unions as a way to 762:is highest in the Nordic countries 25: 12622: 12118:Right to refuse medical treatment 11104:Internationalist–defencist schism 7398:Labour spies in the United States 6753:Younionize Global Union Directory 6683: 6645:Journal of Modern African Studies 6180:ed by Neil Schlager (2 vol. 2004) 5479:Macdonald, David (25 June 2020). 5313:Eavis, Peter (2 September 2024). 5030:VanHeuvelen, Tom (1 March 2020). 4867:. Cambridge: Harvard University. 4712:from the original on 8 July 2023. 3549:(3). Translated by Sommer, Otto. 3410:(3). Translated by Sommer, Otto. 3331:. Australian Bureau of Statistics 1541:Labor union membership by country 1425:International Labour Organization 1300:spurred the establishment of the 1123:drew masses of people, including 657:), often simply referred to as a 11169: 11013: 11012: 11002: 10992: 10982: 10973: 10972: 10962: 10952: 10560: 9673:Directors and officers liability 8841: 8832: 8831: 8272: 8239:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 7958:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic 7728:Democratic Republic of the Congo 7511:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 6730:Trade union membership 2003–2008 6717:Trade union membership 1993–2003 6554:Hodder, A. and L. Kretsos, eds. 6516:(1993) 237pp; short encyclopedia 6442: 4700:Leonhardt, David (7 July 2023). 4379:member José Onofre Esquivel Luna 4256:"Why trade unions are declining" 3092: 2878: 2597:World Federation of Trade Unions 2544:during a strike on 28 March 2006 1360:Royal Commission on Trade Unions 200:Diversity, equity, and inclusion 69: 11141:Reformist–revolutionary dispute 10756:Fagoppositionens Sammenslutning 10732:Industrial Workers of the World 10726:General Confederation of Labour 10688:Brazilian Workers Confederation 10519: 7329:Enterprise bargaining agreement 6319:Her Majesty's Stationery Office 6279:British Trade Unions, 1945–1995 6051: 5921: 5859: 5812: 5765: 5728: 5687: 5640: 5607: 5560: 5519: 5472: 5457:10.1016/j.electstud.2020.102190 5431: 5396: 5366: 5357: 5332: 5297: 5250: 5220: 5211: 5202: 5193: 5142: 5117: 5070: 5023: 5010: 5001: 4975: 4941: 4831: 4790: 4749: 4716: 4679: 4649: 4635: 4618: 4605: 4568: 4543: 4521: 4489: 4477: 4462: 4436: 4422: 4382: 4366: 4346: 4331: 4314: 4246: 4227: 4192: 4157: 4139: 4084: 4067:Principles of Political Economy 4059: 4023: 3980: 3970:"The Guild and the Trade Union" 3961: 3926: 3868: 3843: 3828: 3799: 3766: 3734: 3697: 3624: 2683:The United States takes a more 1405:General Confederation of Labour 1315:Principles of Political Economy 1027:. Following the passage of the 1016:(117–138) of the Roman Empire. 874: 822:Australian Bureau of Statistics 809:V1, 1867, p. 1069). Early 12411:Inter-professional association 12330:Sexual and reproductive health 12227:Right to a healthy environment 9290:Federated States of Micronesia 8799:British Indian Ocean Territory 7581:Occupational safety and health 4702:"How Elba Makes a Living Wage" 4363:". Fox Business. 9 August 2011 3993:International Socialist Review 3321: 3282: 2975:and, since 1967, with loss of 2856:European Court of Human Rights 1304:in 1868, the first long-lived 1081:also included fraternities of 1069:was home to a guildhall for a 900:a common Mesopotamian standard 250:Occupational safety and health 245:Occupational safety and health 13: 1: 12247:Right to public participation 11395:Socialism of the 21st century 9515: 6551:. Cambridge University Press. 6413:(Taylor & Francis, 1985). 6171:The A to Z of Organized Labor 5036:American Journal of Sociology 5020:, Vol. 124, No. 7, July 2001. 4575:Bamberg, Ulrich (June 2004). 3989:"Trades Unions and Socialism" 3910:Clark, O. L. (January 1948). 3185: 2843:to non-unionized employees." 2788: 2714:. The engineer's association 2634: 2629:Public Services International 1568:, and governmental policies. 1388:was formed in 1897 after the 1296:was founded in 1860, and the 1273:In 1834, the Welsh socialist 1041:required the approval of the 925: 907: 892: 786:Since the publication of the 777: 767: 373:Chronological list of strikes 39:Labour Union (disambiguation) 12267:Right to science and culture 11815:Party of European Socialists 11273:Negative and positive rights 10712:Norsk Syndikalistisk Forbund 10440:Savings and loan association 8077:Trade unions in the Americas 6562:Work, Employment and Society 6348:(Bloomsbury Academic, 1988). 6099:Tighes Hill, New South Wales 5083:American Sociological Review 4900:American Sociological Review 4632:, Basil Blackwell Publishing 4502:. Acirrt.com. Archived from 3987:Kautsky, Karl (April 1901). 3153:Progressive Librarians Guild 3036:seniority-based compensation 2937: 2772:Conservative Trade Unionists 1379:American Federation of Labor 1289:' case, but soon collapsed. 7: 12093:Right to keep and bear arms 12003:Freedom from discrimination 9873:Insurance-linked securities 6937:Duty of fair representation 6877:National trade union centre 6495:Labor in America: A History 6169:Docherty, James C. (2010). 6160:Docherty, James C. (2004). 6129:Schneider, Michael (1991). 6093:James, Robert Noel (2001). 5735:Engeman, Cassandra (2020). 5614:Engeman, Cassandra (2020). 4803:The Economic History Review 3773:Epstein, Steven A. (1995). 3604:University of Chicago Press 3465:University of Chicago Press 3085: 3045: 3028:The Constitution of Liberty 2901:, discuss the issue on the 2716:Verein Deutscher Ingenieure 2703:and the pilots association 2536:A rally of the trade union 1306:national trade union center 1238:was established in 1830 by 820:A modern definition by the 669:, such as attaining better 10: 12627: 9562:Total permanent disability 7334:Global Framework Agreement 6647:, 4 (1966), pp. 65–81 6185: 6146:. Longmans and Co. London. 5837:10.1007/s11109-019-09548-7 5497:10.1007/s11109-020-09624-3 5408:10.1007/s10602-023-09396-y 4723:Ahlquist, John S. (2017). 4253:E.H. (29 September 2015). 4213:10.1177/103530460701700205 4109:10.1177/056943451105600205 3071:Public-sector trade unions 2564:, the biggest trade union 2392:", and united in national 859: 855: 832:, which includes medieval 36: 29: 12556: 12535: 12496: 12441: 12383: 12290: 12257:Right to rest and leisure 12163: 11968: 11961: 11897: 11864: 11838: 11830:Young European Socialists 11793: 11408: 11365: 11178: 11167: 11067: 10949: 10880: 10776: 10661: 10613: 10569: 10558: 10529: 10465: 10317: 10302:Health insurance coverage 10242: 10026: 9855: 9797: 9726: 9645: 9597: 9567:Business overhead expense 9532: 9523: 9483: 9478:Links to related articles 9381: 9358: 9277: 9191: 9153: 8895: 8827: 8786: 8746: 8488: 8414: 8381:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 8281: 8270: 8082: 7971: 7946: 7665: 7627: 7468: 7390: 7360: 7306: 7121: 7070: 7061: 7016: 6950: 6859: 6852: 6819: 6377:Kjellberg, Anders (2017) 6337: 6144:History of Trade Unionism 6075:Attempts at General Union 6007:10.1136/oemed-2017-104747 5713:10.1017/S153759272000208X 5665:10.1017/S0143814X20000070 5585:10.1017/S153759272000208X 5545:10.1017/S1537592717004236 5283:10.1080/00343400601149915 4337:Kjellberg, Anders (2023) 4320:Kjellberg, Anders (2023) 4036:History of Trade Unionism 4033:; Webb, Beatrice (1894). 3968:C. M. N. (3 March 1928). 3076: 2869: 2421:professional associations 2376:, traditionally found in 1427:Department of Statistics 1312:middle-class opinion. In 1053:mariners to the reign of 967:contract of affreightment 789:History of Trade Unionism 336:International comparisons 270:Right to rest and leisure 210:Employment discrimination 12272:Right to social security 12237:Right to Internet access 12182:Equal pay for equal work 12068:Presumption of innocence 11228:Environmental protection 10647:Workers' self-management 9703:Protection and indemnity 9441:Northern Mariana Islands 8548:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 8401:Turks and Caicos Islands 7713:Central African Republic 7516:Equal pay for equal work 7352:Union security agreement 7319:Collaborative bargaining 6968:Social movement unionism 6633:Lipton, Charles (1967). 6574:10.1177/0950017015614214 6531: 6078:. Taylor & Francis. 5700:Perspectives on Politics 5653:Journal of Public Policy 5573:Perspectives on Politics 5532:Perspectives on Politics 5095:10.1177/0003122411414817 4989:Retrieved 6 March 2015. 4963:Harvard University Press 4958:What Unions No Longer Do 4912:10.1177/0003122411414817 4865:What Unions No Longer Do 4863:Rosenfeld, Jake (2014). 4642:Wagtmann, M. A. (2010), 3875:Tomich, Dale W. (2004). 3806:Lintott, Andrew (1999). 3113:Digital Product Passport 2609:global union federations 2443:, culminating in either 1562:decline in manufacturing 1135:on estates owned by the 931:) stipulated a 2-shekel 866:Collegium (ancient Rome) 661:, is an organization of 121:Social movement unionism 30:Not to be confused with 12401:Employers' organization 12148:right to be a candidate 11978:Equality before the law 11825:Socialist International 11300:Revolutionary socialism 10902:Criticism of capitalism 10762:National Workers' Union 10160:Explanation of benefits 9632:Variable universal life 9406:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 9272:Trade unions in Oceania 8889:Trade unions in Europe 8809:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 7343:Mutual gains bargaining 7159:Occupation of factories 6882:Global union federation 6525:excerpt and text search 6482:excerpt and text search 6465:excerpt and text search 6455:excerpt and text search 6427:11 January 2017 at the 6287:Economic History Review 6269:Pelling, Henry (1987). 6137:: JHW Dietz Nachfolger. 6095:Craft, Trade or Mystery 6072:Cole, G. D. H. (2010). 5895:The Journal of Politics 4586:. 24–25. Archived from 4408:10.15173/glj.v12i2.4394 4359:2 December 2013 at the 4151:Encyclopædia Britannica 4077:6 November 2014 at the 3835:Perlman, Selig (1922). 3812:Oxford University Press 3163:Salt (union organizing) 3158:Project Labor Agreement 3100:Organized labour portal 2766:, who beat his brother 1349:Lawrence, Massachusetts 1345:Lawrence textile strike 1218:National general unions 850:fraternal organizations 701:are usually made up of 331:Trade union federations 326:Trade unions by country 12433:Cooperative federation 12377:Business organizations 12008:Freedom of information 11993:Freedom of association 11385:Evolutionary socialism 10907:Criticism of copyright 10622:Co-operative economics 10297:Health insurance costs 9698:Professional liability 8938:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8316:British Virgin Islands 7660:Trade unions in Africa 7622:Trade unions by region 7521:Exploitation of labour 7199:Organizational dissent 6710:6 January 2011 at the 6258:Minkin, Lewis (1991). 6237:Davies, A. J. (1996). 4395:Global Labour Movement 4290:"Industrial relations" 4097:The American Economist 3268:"Industrial relations" 2947: 2667:member states in 2004. 2650:employers associations 2545: 2463: 2369: 2349:Structure and politics 1550: 1542: 1534: 1351: 1329: 1244:textile related unions 1227: 1169:Ordinance of Labourers 1077:of merchant mariners. 989:Nerva–Antonine dynasty 783: 230:Freedom of association 101:Exploitation of labour 12548:Consumer organization 12320:Intersex human rights 12128:Right of self-defense 12083:Right to a fair trial 11320:Social market economy 11258:Left-wing nationalism 11084:Frankfurt Declaration 10927:Libertarian socialism 10718:Solidarity Federation 10153:Out-of-pocket expense 10014:Workers' compensation 9668:Collateral protection 9658:Business interruption 9384:and other territories 8229:Saint Kitts and Nevis 7873:São Tomé and Príncipe 7733:Republic of the Congo 7378:Workers' compensation 7324:Collective bargaining 6978:Members-only unionism 6761:", Workplace Fairness 6736:Trade Union Ancestors 6488:Progressive Librarian 4529:"WFTU » History" 4375:– fear for safety of 3289:Botz, Dan La (2013). 3013:comparative advantage 2945: 2574:religious nationalist 2535: 2508:false self-employment 2457: 2433:collective bargaining 2356: 1548: 1540: 1422: 1342: 1324: 1302:Trades Union Congress 1294:London Trades Council 1225: 1154:Sherman Antitrust Act 1121:Industrial Revolution 1071:corpus naviculariorum 935:for each 60-gur (300- 891:into a single empire 775: 738:Industrial Revolution 695:union representatives 215:Employment protection 195:Collective bargaining 12207:Right to development 12088:Right to family life 12038:Freedom from torture 12023:Freedom from slavery 11820:Progressive Alliance 11375:Democratic socialism 11079:Age of Enlightenment 10376:Corpus Juris Civilis 8723:United Arab Emirates 8483:Trade unions in Asia 6988:Open-source unionism 6902:Father of the chapel 6892:Union representative 6722:7 April 2022 at the 6705:New Unionism Network 6666:Monthly Labor Review 6612:Comparative Politics 6277:Wrigley, Chris, ed. 6228:Clegg, H.A. (1994). 6219:Clegg, H.A. (1985). 5155:The Economic Journal 5018:Monthly Labor Review 4689:. Eurofound website. 4054:Webb & Webb 1894 3814:. pp. 183–186. 3665:de Ligt, L. (2001). 3329:"Trade Union Census" 3203:Webb & Webb 1920 3138:List of trade unions 2907:create a new article 2899:improve this article 2591:International unions 2512:low-income countries 1415:Prevalence worldwide 1204:Combination Act 1825 576:Industrial relations 565:Academic disciplines 161:National-syndicalism 131:Democratic socialism 12564:Business networking 12536:Oppositional groups 12406:Chamber of commerce 12018:Freedom of religion 12013:Freedom of movement 11988:Freedom of assembly 11970:Civil and political 11675:Liebknecht (father) 11151:Revolutions of 1848 10706:Free Workers' Union 10642:Labour unionisation 10547:Revolutions of 1848 10435:Rochdale Principles 10430:Mutual savings bank 10425:Mutual organization 10410:Cooperative banking 10327:Mesopotamian banker 9607:Longevity insurance 9154:States with limited 8750:limited recognition 8406:U.S. Virgin Islands 8249:Trinidad and Tobago 8094:Antigua and Barbuda 7948:States with limited 7586:Occupational stress 7440:Demarcation dispute 7423:Anti-union violence 7044:Industrial unionism 7003:Solidarity unionism 6917:Vigilance committee 6897:Clerk of the chapel 6449:Arnesen, Eric, ed. 6386:Markovits, Andrei. 6366:Kjellberg, Anders. 5275:2007RegSt..41..143M 4937:on 11 January 2024. 4849:on 7 November 2020. 4775:10.1093/qje/qjab012 4236:Queen's Law Journal 3543:Records of the Past 3404:Records of the Past 3133:Labour inspectorate 2952:economic inequality 2705:Vereinigung Cockpit 2654:sectoral bargaining 2386:industrial unionism 2362:United Farm Workers 2360:speaking at a 1974 1597: 1393:Anti-Socialist Laws 1268:Voice of the People 1171:was enacted in the 1108:Communist Manifesto 1097:Modern trade unions 929: 1755–1750 BC 732:Originating in the 723:industrial unionism 156:Anarcho-syndicalism 12335:Right to sexuality 12212:Right to education 12138:Security of person 12033:Freedom of thought 11889:Types of socialism 11878:The Internationale 11310:Social corporatism 11161:Welfare capitalism 10187:Insurable interest 9688:Payment protection 9589:Payment protection 8159:Dominican Republic 7571:Professional abuse 7373:Union wage premium 7347:Pattern bargaining 7279:Solidarity actions 7139:Diversity training 6973:Community unionism 6742:TUC History online 6668:. 129 (2006): 38+ 6661:(Macmillan, 1989). 6600:(Routledge, 2016). 6545:Dean, Adam. 2022. 6542:(Greenwood, 2003). 6459:Beik, Millie, ed. 6437:(Routledge, 2016). 6390:(Routledge, 2016). 6363:(Oxford UP, 2013). 5946:10.1002/ajim.23081 5825:Political Behavior 5790:10.1111/ajps.12537 5754:10.1093/sf/soaa074 5633:10.1093/sf/soaa074 5485:Political Behavior 5319:The New York Times 5168:10.1093/ej/ueaa048 5161:(631): 1898–1936. 5129:Hoover Institution 4706:The New York Times 3935:Harvard Law Review 3785:. pp. 10–49. 3307:10.1111/wusa.12021 3180:Workplace politics 3118:Excess profits tax 2988:Hoover Institution 2981:Right-to-work laws 2948: 2836:right-to-work laws 2777:Historically, the 2641:supervisory boards 2546: 2464: 2370: 2366:Delano, California 1595: 1573:developing nations 1551: 1543: 1535: 1352: 1298:Sheffield Outrages 1228: 1173:Kingdom of England 1137:landed aristocracy 993:Temple of Antinous 904:Naram-Sin of Akkad 846:friendly societies 784: 265:Professional abuse 12593: 12592: 12587: 12586: 12574:Company registers 12512:Business alliance 12416:Trade association 12343: 12342: 12242:Right to property 12202:Right to clothing 12187:Fair remuneration 12155:Right to homeland 12103:Right to petition 12028:Freedom of speech 11920: 11919: 11390:Liberal socialism 11380:Ethical socialism 11156:Utopian socialism 11094:Godesberg Program 11089:French Revolution 11025: 11024: 10720:(SF–IWA, Britain) 10714:(NSF–IAA, Norway) 10581:Council communism 10552:Utopian socialism 10487: 10486: 10332:Code of Hammurabi 10307:Vehicle insurance 10202:Replacement value 10094:Actual cash value 10058:Adverse selection 10048:Actuarial science 10022: 10021: 9954:Kidnap and ransom 9927:Extended warranty 9574:Income protection 9470: 9469: 9464: 9463: 9456:Wallis and Futuna 9401:Clipperton Island 9359:Associated states 9239: 9238: 8855: 8854: 8792:other territories 8450: 8449: 8044: 8043: 7975:other territories 7748:Equatorial Guinea 7614: 7613: 7496:Conflict theories 7491:Four-day workweek 7386: 7385: 7302: 7301: 7204:Industrial action 7113:Union co-op model 7057: 7056: 7029:Independent union 6993:Business unionism 6603:Lenti, Joseph U. 6509:, 29 January 2024 5444:Electoral Studies 4816:10.1111/ehr.12744 4661:Eurofound website 4531:. 21 January 2014 4471:at news.money.pl 4302:on 9 October 2018 3643:. 1915. pp. 2973:wealth inequality 2935: 2934: 2927: 2909:, as appropriate. 2779:Republic of Korea 2750:(PATCO) endorsed 2732:social democratic 2480:political parties 2468:cases of violence 2441:industrial action 2340: 2339: 1397:Otto von Bismarck 1287:Tolpuddle Martyrs 1087:ritual sacrifices 1055:Septimius Severus 830:benefit societies 639: 638: 596:Post-work society 425:Solidarity action 235:Legal working age 91:Conflict theories 32:Trade association 16:(Redirected from 12618: 12498:Business network 12443:Corporate groups 12370: 12363: 12356: 12347: 12346: 12232:Right to housing 12166:Economic, social 12113:Right to protest 12108:Right to privacy 11947: 11940: 11933: 11924: 11923: 11912:Socialism portal 11902:Economics portal 11798: 11680:Liebknecht (son) 11445:Batlle y Ordóñez 11413: 11368: 11243:Internationalism 11223:Environmentalism 11173: 11072: 11062: 11060:Social democracy 11052: 11045: 11038: 11029: 11028: 11016: 11015: 11008:Socialism portal 11006: 10996: 10988:Organized Labour 10986: 10978:Labour economics 10976: 10975: 10968:Communism portal 10966: 10958:Anarchism portal 10956: 10912:Critique of work 10743:IWW-South Africa 10696:(CNT–AIT, Spain) 10627:Labour economics 10564: 10542:Orthodox Marxism 10524: 10514: 10507: 10500: 10491: 10490: 10445:Social insurance 10400:Friendly society 10292:Health insurance 10120:Short rate table 9868:Catastrophe bond 9769:Lenders mortgage 9530: 9529: 9510: 9503: 9496: 9487: 9486: 9474: 9473: 9446:Pitcairn Islands 9416:French Polynesia 9396:Christmas Island 9325:Papua New Guinea 9305:Marshall Islands 9278:Sovereign states 9266: 9259: 9252: 9243: 9242: 9192:Dependencies and 8896:Sovereign states 8882: 8875: 8868: 8859: 8858: 8845: 8835: 8834: 8804:Christmas Island 8490:Sovereign states 8477: 8470: 8463: 8454: 8453: 8371:Saint Barthélemy 8331:Falkland Islands 8276: 8071: 8064: 8057: 8048: 8047: 8036: 8035:(United Kingdom) 8031:Tristan da Cunha 8027:Ascension Island 8019: 8006: 7997: 7973:Dependencies and 7666:Sovereign states 7654: 7647: 7640: 7631: 7630: 7618: 7617: 7501:Critique of work 7476:35-hour workweek 7264:Pen-down strikes 7220: 7219: 7071:Shops and hiring 7068: 7067: 6958:Organizing model 6857: 6856: 6814:Organized labour 6808: 6801: 6794: 6785: 6784: 6657:Taylor, Andrew. 6640:Orr, Charles A. 6628:10.2307/20434019 6596:Kester, Gérard. 6593: 6512:Taylor, Paul F. 6332: 6310: 6274: 6265: 6254: 6242: 6233: 6224: 6215: 6174: 6165: 6147: 6138: 6125: 6116: 6110: 6102: 6089: 6068: 6046: 6045: 6039: 6037: 5986: 5980: 5979: 5965: 5925: 5919: 5918: 5890: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5879: 5863: 5857: 5856: 5816: 5810: 5809: 5769: 5763: 5762: 5756: 5747:(4): 1745–1771. 5732: 5726: 5725: 5715: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5644: 5638: 5637: 5635: 5626:(4): 1745–1771. 5611: 5605: 5604: 5564: 5558: 5557: 5547: 5523: 5517: 5516: 5476: 5470: 5469: 5459: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5416: 5410: 5400: 5394: 5393: 5374:Friedman, Milton 5370: 5364: 5361: 5355: 5354: 5352: 5350: 5345: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5325: 5310: 5304: 5301: 5295: 5294: 5263:Regional Studies 5254: 5248: 5247: 5242:. Archived from 5233: 5224: 5218: 5215: 5209: 5206: 5200: 5197: 5191: 5190: 5180: 5170: 5146: 5140: 5139: 5137: 5135: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5074: 5068: 5067: 5042:(5): 1255–1302. 5027: 5021: 5014: 5008: 5005: 4999: 4979: 4973: 4945: 4939: 4938: 4936: 4930:. Archived from 4897: 4888: 4879: 4878: 4860: 4851: 4850: 4835: 4829: 4828: 4818: 4794: 4788: 4787: 4777: 4768:(3): 1325–1385. 4753: 4747: 4746: 4744: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4697: 4691: 4690: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4672: 4667:on 17 April 2011 4663:. Archived from 4653: 4647: 4646: 4639: 4633: 4624:Hall, M., 1994. 4622: 4616: 4611:Gold, M., 1993. 4609: 4603: 4602: 4600: 4598: 4592: 4581: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4563: 4561: 4555:www.ituc-csi.org 4547: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4536: 4525: 4519: 4518: 4516: 4514: 4508: 4501: 4493: 4487: 4481: 4475: 4474: 4466: 4460: 4459: 4457: 4455: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4410: 4386: 4380: 4370: 4364: 4350: 4344: 4335: 4329: 4318: 4312: 4311: 4309: 4307: 4301: 4294: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4277: 4275: 4258: 4250: 4244: 4243: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4161: 4155: 4154: 4153:. 13 March 2024. 4143: 4137: 4136: 4088: 4082: 4063: 4057: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4027: 4021: 4015: 4009: 4008: 4006: 4004: 3984: 3978: 3977: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3941:(6): 450. 1908. 3930: 3924: 3923: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3872: 3866: 3865: 3863: 3861: 3847: 3841: 3840: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3803: 3797: 3796: 3770: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3738: 3732: 3731: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3641:Prudential Press 3628: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3591: 3579: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3565: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3522: 3520: 3492: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3475: 3452: 3440: 3434: 3433: 3428: 3426: 3392: 3386: 3385: 3369: 3359: 3353: 3347: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3336: 3325: 3319: 3318: 3286: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3275: 3264: 3258: 3257: 3255: 3253: 3239: 3226: 3219: 3206: 3200: 3108:Critique of work 3102: 3097: 3096: 2954:. The economist 2930: 2923: 2919: 2916: 2910: 2882: 2881: 2874: 2849:Taft–Hartley Act 2744:Republican Party 2736:Democratic Party 2713: 2702: 2665:Eastern European 2645:co-determination 2503:Informal workers 2499:union organizers 2495:organizing model 2382:general unionism 2181:Slovak Republic 1598: 1594: 1531: 1525: 1521: 1515: 1511: 1505: 1501: 1495: 1491: 1485: 1481: 1475: 1471: 1465: 1461: 1455: 1451: 1445: 1441: 1435: 1431: 1384:In Germany, the 1371:Knights of Labor 1320:John Stuart Mill 1277:established the 978: 977: 973: 960: 959: 955: 930: 927: 912: 909: 897: 894: 782: 779: 719:general unionism 708:labour contracts 684:bargaining power 655:American English 631: 624: 617: 581:Labour economics 571:Critique of work 415:Pen-down strikes 126:Social democracy 73: 63: 62:Organized labour 53: 46: 45: 21: 12626: 12625: 12621: 12620: 12619: 12617: 12616: 12615: 12606:Labor relations 12596: 12595: 12594: 12589: 12588: 12583: 12552: 12531: 12492: 12437: 12379: 12374: 12344: 12339: 12310:Family planning 12295: 12286: 12262:Right of return 12222:Right to health 12170: 12167: 12159: 12123:Right to resist 12073:Right of asylum 11964: 11957: 11951: 11921: 11916: 11907:Politics portal 11893: 11860: 11834: 11794: 11789: 11409: 11404: 11366: 11361: 11325:Socialist state 11268:Nationalization 11186:Civil liberties 11174: 11165: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11056: 11026: 11021: 10998:Politics portal 10945: 10932:Post-capitalism 10876: 10772: 10764:(UON, Portugal) 10678:and affiliates 10657: 10609: 10565: 10556: 10537:Guild socialism 10525: 10520: 10518: 10488: 10483: 10461: 10457:Insurance cycle 10420:Fraternal order 10313: 10244: 10238: 10197:Proximate cause 10192:Insurance fraud 10172:General average 10131:Claims adjuster 10073:Risk management 10068:Risk assessment 10032: 10029: 10018: 9984:Prize indemnity 9851: 9799: 9793: 9722: 9683:Over-redemption 9641: 9593: 9584:National health 9525: 9519: 9514: 9479: 9471: 9466: 9465: 9460: 9383: 9377: 9360: 9354: 9335:Solomon Islands 9273: 9270: 9240: 9235: 9193: 9187: 9173:Northern Cyprus 9155: 9149: 9070:North Macedonia 8891: 8886: 8856: 8851: 8823: 8791: 8782: 8763:Northern Cyprus 8749: 8742: 8484: 8481: 8451: 8446: 8424:Central America 8410: 8285: 8277: 8268: 8085: 8078: 8075: 8045: 8040: 8039: 8034: 8017: 8004: 7995: 7976: 7974: 7967: 7951: 7949: 7942: 7661: 7658: 7623: 7615: 7610: 7464: 7382: 7356: 7339:Master contract 7314:Bargaining unit 7298: 7294:Wildcat strikes 7218: 7164:Precarious work 7134:Contingent work 7117: 7063: 7053: 7012: 6946: 6872:Union organizer 6848: 6834:Labour movement 6815: 6812: 6779:Mises Institute 6724:Wayback Machine 6712:Wayback Machine 6686: 6681: 6614:(2006): 21–42, 6534: 6529: 6523:(3rd ed. 2002) 6445: 6440: 6429:Wayback Machine 6340: 6335: 6329: 6313: 6299:10.2307/2596686 6247:Laybourn, Keith 6188: 6183: 6155: 6153:Further reading 6150: 6104: 6103: 6086: 6054: 6049: 6035: 6033: 6001:(10): 736–738. 5987: 5983: 5926: 5922: 5891: 5887: 5877: 5875: 5865: 5864: 5860: 5817: 5813: 5770: 5766: 5733: 5729: 5692: 5688: 5645: 5641: 5612: 5608: 5565: 5561: 5524: 5520: 5477: 5473: 5436: 5432: 5417: 5413: 5401: 5397: 5390: 5371: 5367: 5362: 5358: 5348: 5346: 5343: 5337: 5333: 5323: 5321: 5311: 5307: 5302: 5298: 5255: 5251: 5231: 5225: 5221: 5216: 5212: 5207: 5203: 5198: 5194: 5147: 5143: 5133: 5131: 5123: 5122: 5118: 5075: 5071: 5028: 5024: 5015: 5011: 5006: 5002: 4980: 4976: 4946: 4942: 4934: 4895: 4889: 4882: 4875: 4861: 4854: 4837: 4836: 4832: 4795: 4791: 4754: 4750: 4721: 4717: 4698: 4694: 4685: 4684: 4680: 4670: 4668: 4655: 4654: 4650: 4640: 4636: 4623: 4619: 4610: 4606: 4596: 4594: 4593:on 26 July 2011 4590: 4584:TUTB Newsletter 4579: 4573: 4569: 4559: 4557: 4549: 4548: 4544: 4534: 4532: 4527: 4526: 4522: 4512: 4510: 4509:on 22 July 2011 4506: 4499: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4482: 4478: 4472: 4467: 4463: 4453: 4451: 4449:www.marxist.com 4441: 4437: 4428: 4427: 4423: 4413: 4411: 4387: 4383: 4371: 4367: 4361:Wayback Machine 4351: 4347: 4336: 4332: 4319: 4315: 4305: 4303: 4299: 4292: 4288: 4287: 4283: 4273: 4271: 4251: 4247: 4232: 4228: 4197: 4193: 4162: 4158: 4145: 4144: 4140: 4089: 4085: 4079:Wayback Machine 4064: 4060: 4052: 4048: 4028: 4024: 4016: 4012: 4002: 4000: 3985: 3981: 3966: 3962: 3947:10.2307/1325438 3932: 3931: 3927: 3908: 3904: 3889: 3873: 3869: 3859: 3857: 3849: 3848: 3844: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3804: 3800: 3793: 3779:Chapel Hill, NC 3771: 3767: 3757: 3755: 3739: 3735: 3702: 3698: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3630: 3629: 3625: 3612: 3610: 3589: 3580: 3576: 3563: 3561: 3532: 3528: 3518: 3516: 3514:Yale Law School 3493: 3486: 3473: 3471: 3450: 3441: 3437: 3424: 3422: 3393: 3389: 3382: 3360: 3356: 3348: 3344: 3334: 3332: 3327: 3326: 3322: 3287: 3283: 3273: 3271: 3266: 3265: 3261: 3251: 3249: 3241: 3240: 3229: 3220: 3209: 3201: 3192: 3188: 3098: 3091: 3088: 3079: 3048: 3023:Friedrich Hayek 3018:Milton Friedman 2956:Joseph Stiglitz 2940: 2931: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2896: 2883: 2879: 2872: 2791: 2707: 2696: 2637: 2593: 2578:Law and Justice 2475:Social Unionism 2429:juristic person 2351: 2301:United Kingdom 1721:Czech Republic 1533: 1529: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1507: 1503: 1499: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1487: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1417: 1399:were repealed. 1337: 1260:Nottinghamshire 1220: 1182:Combination Act 1179:. In 1799, the 1177:Napoleonic Wars 1162:medieval Europe 1099: 1037:(27 BC–14 AD), 1035:Caesar Augustus 1008:established in 975: 971: 970: 961:-gerah per day 957: 953: 952: 933:prevailing wage 928: 920:Codex Hammurabi 910: 895: 889:Sargon of Akkad 877: 872: 862:Labour movement 860:Main articles: 858: 780: 770: 647:British English 635: 606: 605: 601:Refusal of work 566: 558: 557: 556: 461: 451: 450: 449: 440:Wildcat strikes 435:Whipsaw strikes 420:Sitdown strikes 367: 357: 356: 353: 321: 311: 310: 309: 295:Toxic workplace 179: 169: 168: 165: 83: 81:Labour movement 61: 51: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12624: 12614: 12613: 12608: 12591: 12590: 12585: 12584: 12582: 12581: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12560: 12558: 12554: 12553: 12551: 12550: 12545: 12539: 12537: 12533: 12532: 12530: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12506:Bamboo network 12502: 12500: 12494: 12493: 12491: 12490: 12484: 12478: 12472: 12466: 12460: 12454: 12447: 12445: 12439: 12438: 12436: 12435: 12430: 12429: 12428: 12423: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12387: 12385: 12381: 12380: 12373: 12372: 12365: 12358: 12350: 12341: 12340: 12338: 12337: 12332: 12327: 12322: 12317: 12312: 12307: 12301: 12299: 12288: 12287: 12285: 12284: 12279: 12277:Right to water 12274: 12269: 12264: 12259: 12254: 12252:Right of reply 12249: 12244: 12239: 12234: 12229: 12224: 12219: 12214: 12209: 12204: 12199: 12194: 12189: 12184: 12179: 12177:Digital rights 12173: 12171: 12164: 12161: 12160: 12158: 12157: 12152: 12151: 12150: 12140: 12135: 12133:Right to truth 12130: 12125: 12120: 12115: 12110: 12105: 12100: 12095: 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11974: 11972: 11966: 11965: 11962: 11959: 11958: 11950: 11949: 11942: 11935: 11927: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11914: 11909: 11904: 11898: 11895: 11894: 11892: 11891: 11886: 11881: 11874: 11868: 11866: 11862: 11861: 11859: 11858: 11853: 11848: 11842: 11840: 11836: 11835: 11833: 11832: 11827: 11822: 11817: 11812: 11807: 11801: 11799: 11791: 11790: 11788: 11787: 11782: 11777: 11772: 11767: 11762: 11757: 11752: 11747: 11742: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11702: 11697: 11692: 11687: 11682: 11677: 11672: 11667: 11662: 11657: 11652: 11647: 11642: 11637: 11632: 11627: 11622: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11587: 11582: 11577: 11572: 11567: 11562: 11557: 11552: 11547: 11542: 11537: 11532: 11527: 11522: 11517: 11512: 11507: 11502: 11497: 11492: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11457: 11452: 11447: 11442: 11437: 11432: 11427: 11422: 11416: 11414: 11406: 11405: 11403: 11402: 11397: 11392: 11387: 11382: 11377: 11371: 11369: 11363: 11362: 11360: 11359: 11354: 11349: 11344: 11339: 11338: 11337: 11332: 11322: 11317: 11315:Social justice 11312: 11307: 11302: 11297: 11296: 11295: 11290: 11280: 11275: 11270: 11265: 11260: 11255: 11250: 11245: 11240: 11235: 11230: 11225: 11220: 11215: 11214: 11213: 11208: 11206:Representative 11203: 11198: 11188: 11182: 11180: 11176: 11175: 11168: 11166: 11164: 11163: 11158: 11153: 11148: 11143: 11138: 11133: 11132: 11131: 11126: 11116: 11114:Labor movement 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11091: 11086: 11081: 11075: 11073: 11065: 11064: 11055: 11054: 11047: 11040: 11032: 11023: 11022: 11020: 11010: 11000: 10990: 10980: 10970: 10960: 10950: 10947: 10946: 10944: 10939: 10934: 10929: 10924: 10919: 10914: 10909: 10904: 10899: 10894: 10889: 10884: 10882: 10881:Related topics 10878: 10877: 10875: 10870: 10865: 10860: 10855: 10850: 10845: 10840: 10835: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10778: 10774: 10773: 10771: 10770:(SAC, Sweden) 10765: 10759: 10753: 10747: 10746: 10745: 10740: 10729: 10723: 10722: 10721: 10715: 10709: 10708:(FAU, Germany) 10703: 10702:(CRAS, Russia) 10697: 10691: 10685: 10673: 10667: 10665: 10659: 10658: 10656: 10651: 10650: 10649: 10644: 10639: 10634: 10632:General strike 10624: 10619: 10617: 10611: 10610: 10608: 10603: 10598: 10593: 10588: 10583: 10578: 10573: 10571: 10567: 10566: 10559: 10557: 10555: 10554: 10549: 10544: 10539: 10533: 10531: 10527: 10526: 10517: 10516: 10509: 10502: 10494: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10481: 10478:List of topics 10474: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10459: 10454: 10453: 10452: 10447: 10442: 10437: 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10393: 10388: 10387: 10386: 10372: 10371: 10370: 10365: 10363:Burial society 10353: 10352: 10351: 10345:§235–238; §240 10337:§100–105; §126 10329: 10323: 10321: 10315: 10314: 10312: 10311: 10310: 10309: 10304: 10299: 10294: 10289: 10287:Climate change 10279: 10277:United Kingdom 10274: 10269: 10264: 10259: 10254: 10248: 10246: 10240: 10239: 10237: 10236: 10235: 10234: 10224: 10222:Underinsurance 10219: 10214: 10212:Self-insurance 10209: 10204: 10199: 10194: 10189: 10184: 10179: 10174: 10169: 10162: 10157: 10156: 10155: 10150: 10145: 10135: 10134: 10133: 10123: 10122: 10121: 10118: 10106: 10101: 10096: 10091: 10090: 10089: 10084: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10060: 10055: 10045: 10039: 10037: 10024: 10023: 10020: 10019: 10017: 10016: 10011: 10006: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9986: 9981: 9979:Political risk 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9959:Legal expenses 9956: 9951: 9946: 9945: 9944: 9934: 9929: 9924: 9919: 9914: 9909: 9908: 9907: 9902: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9877: 9876: 9875: 9870: 9859: 9857: 9853: 9852: 9850: 9849: 9844: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9803: 9801: 9795: 9794: 9792: 9791: 9786: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9756: 9751: 9746: 9741: 9739:Builder's risk 9736: 9730: 9728: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9663:Business owner 9660: 9655: 9649: 9647: 9643: 9642: 9640: 9639: 9634: 9629: 9627:Universal life 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9603: 9601: 9595: 9594: 9592: 9591: 9586: 9581: 9579:Long-term care 9576: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9564: 9554: 9549: 9544: 9538: 9536: 9527: 9521: 9520: 9513: 9512: 9505: 9498: 9490: 9484: 9481: 9480: 9468: 9467: 9462: 9461: 9459: 9458: 9453: 9448: 9443: 9438: 9436:Norfolk Island 9433: 9428: 9423: 9418: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9391:American Samoa 9387: 9385: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9375: 9370: 9364: 9362: 9361:of New Zealand 9356: 9355: 9353: 9352: 9347: 9342: 9337: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9302: 9297: 9292: 9287: 9281: 9279: 9275: 9274: 9269: 9268: 9261: 9254: 9246: 9237: 9236: 9234: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9203: 9197: 9195: 9194:other entities 9189: 9188: 9186: 9185: 9180: 9175: 9170: 9165: 9159: 9157: 9151: 9150: 9148: 9147: 9145:United Kingdom 9142: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9010: 9005: 9000: 8995: 8990: 8985: 8980: 8975: 8970: 8965: 8960: 8958:Czech Republic 8955: 8950: 8945: 8940: 8935: 8930: 8925: 8920: 8915: 8910: 8905: 8899: 8897: 8893: 8892: 8885: 8884: 8877: 8870: 8862: 8853: 8852: 8850: 8849: 8839: 8828: 8825: 8824: 8822: 8821: 8816: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8795: 8793: 8784: 8783: 8781: 8780: 8775: 8770: 8765: 8760: 8754: 8752: 8744: 8743: 8741: 8740: 8735: 8730: 8725: 8720: 8715: 8710: 8705: 8700: 8695: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8675: 8670: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8650: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8630: 8625: 8620: 8615: 8610: 8605: 8600: 8595: 8590: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8520: 8515: 8510: 8505: 8500: 8494: 8492: 8486: 8485: 8480: 8479: 8472: 8465: 8457: 8448: 8447: 8445: 8444: 8437: 8435: 8433: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8386:Sint Eustatius 8383: 8378: 8373: 8368: 8363: 8358: 8353: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8321:Cayman Islands 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8292: 8290: 8279: 8278: 8271: 8269: 8267: 8266: 8261: 8256: 8251: 8246: 8241: 8236: 8231: 8226: 8221: 8216: 8211: 8206: 8201: 8196: 8191: 8186: 8181: 8176: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8136: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8096: 8090: 8088: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8073: 8066: 8059: 8051: 8042: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8020: 8007: 7998: 7984:Canary Islands 7980: 7979: 7977: 7972: 7969: 7968: 7966: 7965: 7960: 7954: 7952: 7947: 7944: 7943: 7941: 7940: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7920: 7915: 7910: 7905: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7830: 7825: 7820: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7735: 7730: 7725: 7720: 7715: 7710: 7705: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7685: 7680: 7675: 7669: 7667: 7663: 7662: 7657: 7656: 7649: 7642: 7634: 7628: 7625: 7624: 7612: 7611: 7609: 7608: 7603: 7598: 7596:Social support 7593: 7588: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7566:Prison strikes 7563: 7558: 7553: 7548: 7543: 7538: 7533: 7531:Hunger strikes 7528: 7523: 7518: 7513: 7508: 7503: 7498: 7493: 7488: 7483: 7481:Eight-hour day 7478: 7472: 7470: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7462: 7457: 7455:Featherbedding 7452: 7447: 7445:Strikebreaking 7442: 7437: 7435:Union violence 7432: 7431: 7430: 7420: 7415: 7413:Churn and burn 7410: 7405: 7400: 7394: 7392: 7388: 7387: 7384: 7383: 7381: 7380: 7375: 7370: 7364: 7362: 7358: 7357: 7355: 7354: 7349: 7344: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7316: 7310: 7308: 7304: 7303: 7300: 7299: 7297: 7296: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7276: 7274:Sitdown strike 7271: 7266: 7261: 7256: 7251: 7250: 7249: 7244: 7237:General strike 7234: 7228: 7226: 7224:Strike actions 7217: 7216: 7211: 7206: 7201: 7196: 7191: 7186: 7181: 7176: 7171: 7166: 7161: 7156: 7151: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7131: 7125: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7116: 7115: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7090: 7085: 7080: 7074: 7072: 7065: 7059: 7058: 7055: 7054: 7052: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7039:Craft unionism 7036: 7031: 7026: 7020: 7018: 7014: 7013: 7011: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6947: 6945: 6944: 6939: 6934: 6929: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6909: 6904: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6869: 6867:Labour council 6863: 6861: 6854: 6850: 6849: 6847: 6846: 6836: 6831: 6826: 6824:Labour history 6820: 6817: 6816: 6811: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6788: 6782: 6781: 6770: 6762: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6739: 6733: 6727: 6714: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6685: 6684:External links 6682: 6680: 6679: 6672: 6662: 6655: 6648: 6638: 6631: 6608: 6601: 6594: 6568:(3): 561–562. 6552: 6543: 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6517: 6510: 6506:The New Yorker 6498: 6491: 6490:, 48, 110–165. 6484: 6476:Brody, David. 6474: 6467: 6457: 6446: 6444: 6441: 6439: 6438: 6431: 6414: 6407: 6399:Misner, Paul. 6397: 6391: 6384: 6375: 6364: 6357: 6349: 6341: 6339: 6336: 6334: 6333: 6327: 6311: 6293:(2): 159–184. 6282: 6275: 6266: 6264:. p. 708. 6255: 6243: 6234: 6225: 6216: 6204: 6197: 6189: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6181: 6175: 6166: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6148: 6139: 6126: 6124:(19/20): 1–19. 6117: 6090: 6085:978-1136885167 6084: 6069: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6047: 5981: 5940:(3): 218–231. 5920: 5907:10.1086/678311 5901:(1): 114–127. 5885: 5858: 5811: 5764: 5727: 5686: 5659:(3): 409–439. 5639: 5606: 5559: 5538:(2): 364–379. 5518: 5491:(2): 859–879. 5471: 5430: 5411: 5395: 5389:978-0202309699 5388: 5365: 5356: 5331: 5305: 5296: 5269:(2): 143–156. 5249: 5219: 5210: 5201: 5192: 5141: 5116: 5089:(4): 513–537. 5069: 5048:10.1086/708067 5022: 5009: 5000: 4998: 4997: 4974: 4940: 4906:(4): 513–537. 4880: 4873: 4852: 4830: 4809:(2): 691–715. 4789: 4748: 4735:(1): 409–432. 4715: 4692: 4678: 4648: 4634: 4617: 4604: 4567: 4542: 4520: 4488: 4476: 4461: 4435: 4421: 4381: 4365: 4345: 4330: 4313: 4281: 4245: 4226: 4191: 4172:(2): 190–212. 4156: 4138: 4083: 4058: 4056:, p. 122. 4046: 4022: 4010: 3979: 3960: 3925: 3916:SMU Law Review 3902: 3887: 3867: 3855:infoplease.com 3842: 3827: 3821:978-0198150688 3820: 3798: 3792:978-0807844984 3791: 3765: 3733: 3720:10.2307/283119 3696: 3677:(2): 346–349. 3657: 3623: 3574: 3551:Washington, DC 3526: 3505:Avalon Project 3484: 3435: 3412:Washington, DC 3387: 3380: 3354: 3342: 3320: 3281: 3259: 3247:stats.oecd.org 3227: 3207: 3189: 3187: 3184: 3183: 3182: 3177: 3176: 3175: 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3140: 3135: 3130: 3125: 3120: 3115: 3110: 3104: 3103: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3075: 3047: 3044: 2939: 2936: 2933: 2932: 2893:of the subject 2891:worldwide view 2886: 2884: 2877: 2871: 2868: 2840: 2839: 2824: 2813: 2806: 2790: 2787: 2783:lunar new year 2768:David Miliband 2742:has supported 2694:Marburger Bund 2681: 2680: 2676: 2668: 2636: 2633: 2592: 2589: 2572:movement with 2570:anti-communist 2568:emerged as an 2484:Labour parties 2447:or management 2417:Western Europe 2404:. However, in 2400:, such as the 2398:Internationals 2374:craft unionism 2350: 2347: 2338: 2337: 2334: 2331: 2328: 2325: 2322: 2321:United States 2318: 2317: 2314: 2311: 2308: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2285: 2282: 2278: 2277: 2274: 2271: 2268: 2265: 2262: 2258: 2257: 2254: 2251: 2248: 2245: 2242: 2238: 2237: 2234: 2231: 2228: 2225: 2222: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2205: 2202: 2198: 2197: 2194: 2191: 2188: 2185: 2182: 2178: 2177: 2174: 2171: 2168: 2165: 2162: 2158: 2157: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2138: 2137: 2134: 2131: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2108: 2105: 2102: 2098: 2097: 2094: 2091: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2078: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2045: 2042: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1978: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1958: 1957: 1954: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1918: 1917: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1905: 1902: 1898: 1897: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1885: 1882: 1878: 1877: 1874: 1871: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1858: 1857: 1854: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1838: 1837: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1818: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1778: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1678: 1677: 1674: 1671: 1668: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1614: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1528: 1518: 1512: 10.0–19. 1508: 1502: 20.0–29. 1498: 1492: 30.0–39. 1488: 1482: 40.0–49. 1478: 1472: 50.0–59. 1468: 1462: 60.0–69. 1458: 1452: 70.0–79. 1448: 1442: 80.0–89. 1438: 1432: 90.0–99. 1428: 1416: 1413: 1395:of Chancellor 1336: 1333: 1264:Leicestershire 1219: 1216: 1200:general strike 1133:tenant-farmers 1098: 1095: 1001:burial society 949:ship charterer 896: 2334 BC 876: 873: 857: 854: 769: 766: 734:United Kingdom 715:craft unionism 637: 636: 634: 633: 626: 619: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 598: 593: 588: 586:Labour history 583: 578: 573: 567: 564: 563: 560: 559: 555: 554: 549: 547:United Kingdom 544: 539: 534: 529: 524: 519: 514: 509: 504: 499: 494: 489: 484: 479: 474: 469: 463: 462: 459:Labour parties 457: 456: 453: 452: 448: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 412: 407: 402: 397: 396: 395: 390: 383:General strike 380: 375: 369: 368: 363: 362: 359: 358: 355: 354: 352: 351: 346: 340: 338: 333: 328: 322: 317: 316: 313: 312: 308: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 222: 217: 212: 207: 205:Eight-hour day 202: 197: 192: 187: 181: 180: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 164: 163: 158: 153: 148: 143: 138: 133: 128: 123: 118: 113: 108: 103: 98: 93: 87: 84: 79: 78: 75: 74: 66: 65: 57: 56: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12623: 12612: 12609: 12607: 12604: 12603: 12601: 12580: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12561: 12559: 12555: 12549: 12546: 12544: 12541: 12540: 12538: 12534: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12522:Joint venture 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12507: 12504: 12503: 12501: 12499: 12495: 12488: 12485: 12482: 12479: 12476: 12473: 12471:(Anglosphere) 12470: 12467: 12464: 12461: 12458: 12455: 12453:(South Korea) 12452: 12449: 12448: 12446: 12444: 12440: 12434: 12431: 12427: 12424: 12422: 12419: 12418: 12417: 12414: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12388: 12386: 12382: 12378: 12371: 12366: 12364: 12359: 12357: 12352: 12351: 12348: 12336: 12333: 12331: 12328: 12326: 12323: 12321: 12318: 12316: 12313: 12311: 12308: 12306: 12303: 12302: 12300: 12298: 12293: 12289: 12283: 12282:Right to work 12280: 12278: 12275: 12273: 12270: 12268: 12265: 12263: 12260: 12258: 12255: 12253: 12250: 12248: 12245: 12243: 12240: 12238: 12235: 12233: 12230: 12228: 12225: 12223: 12220: 12218: 12217:Right to food 12215: 12213: 12210: 12208: 12205: 12203: 12200: 12198: 12195: 12193: 12190: 12188: 12185: 12183: 12180: 12178: 12175: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12162: 12156: 12153: 12149: 12146: 12145: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12104: 12101: 12099: 12098:Right to life 12096: 12094: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12041: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11976: 11975: 11973: 11971: 11967: 11960: 11956: 11948: 11943: 11941: 11936: 11934: 11929: 11928: 11925: 11913: 11910: 11908: 11905: 11903: 11900: 11899: 11896: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11879: 11875: 11873: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11863: 11857: 11856:United States 11854: 11852: 11849: 11847: 11844: 11843: 11841: 11837: 11831: 11828: 11826: 11823: 11821: 11818: 11816: 11813: 11811: 11808: 11806: 11803: 11802: 11800: 11797: 11796:Organizations 11792: 11786: 11783: 11781: 11778: 11776: 11773: 11771: 11768: 11766: 11763: 11761: 11758: 11756: 11753: 11751: 11748: 11746: 11743: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11671: 11668: 11666: 11663: 11661: 11658: 11656: 11653: 11651: 11648: 11646: 11643: 11641: 11638: 11636: 11633: 11631: 11628: 11626: 11623: 11621: 11618: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11591: 11588: 11586: 11583: 11581: 11578: 11576: 11573: 11571: 11568: 11566: 11563: 11561: 11558: 11556: 11553: 11551: 11548: 11546: 11543: 11541: 11538: 11536: 11533: 11531: 11528: 11526: 11523: 11521: 11518: 11516: 11513: 11511: 11508: 11506: 11503: 11501: 11498: 11496: 11493: 11491: 11488: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11461: 11458: 11456: 11453: 11451: 11448: 11446: 11443: 11441: 11438: 11436: 11433: 11431: 11428: 11426: 11423: 11421: 11418: 11417: 11415: 11412: 11407: 11401: 11398: 11396: 11393: 11391: 11388: 11386: 11383: 11381: 11378: 11376: 11373: 11372: 11370: 11364: 11358: 11357:Welfare state 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11336: 11333: 11331: 11328: 11327: 11326: 11323: 11321: 11318: 11316: 11313: 11311: 11308: 11306: 11303: 11301: 11298: 11294: 11291: 11289: 11286: 11285: 11284: 11281: 11279: 11278:Progressivism 11276: 11274: 11271: 11269: 11266: 11264: 11263:Mixed economy 11261: 11259: 11256: 11254: 11251: 11249: 11246: 11244: 11241: 11239: 11236: 11234: 11231: 11229: 11226: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11212: 11209: 11207: 11204: 11202: 11199: 11197: 11194: 11193: 11192: 11189: 11187: 11184: 11183: 11181: 11177: 11172: 11162: 11159: 11157: 11154: 11152: 11149: 11147: 11144: 11142: 11139: 11137: 11134: 11130: 11127: 11125: 11122: 11121: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11090: 11087: 11085: 11082: 11080: 11077: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11053: 11048: 11046: 11041: 11039: 11034: 11033: 11030: 11019: 11011: 11009: 11005: 11001: 10999: 10995: 10991: 10989: 10985: 10981: 10979: 10971: 10969: 10965: 10961: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10948: 10943: 10940: 10938: 10935: 10933: 10930: 10928: 10925: 10923: 10920: 10918: 10915: 10913: 10910: 10908: 10905: 10903: 10900: 10898: 10895: 10893: 10890: 10888: 10885: 10883: 10879: 10874: 10871: 10869: 10866: 10864: 10861: 10859: 10856: 10854: 10851: 10849: 10846: 10844: 10841: 10839: 10836: 10834: 10831: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10775: 10769: 10766: 10763: 10760: 10758:(FS, Denmark) 10757: 10754: 10751: 10748: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10727: 10724: 10719: 10716: 10713: 10710: 10707: 10704: 10701: 10698: 10695: 10692: 10689: 10686: 10683: 10680: 10679: 10677: 10674: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10664: 10663:Organisations 10660: 10655: 10652: 10648: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10638: 10637:Labour rights 10635: 10633: 10630: 10629: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10616: 10612: 10607: 10604: 10602: 10599: 10597: 10594: 10592: 10589: 10587: 10584: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10572: 10568: 10563: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10545: 10543: 10540: 10538: 10535: 10534: 10532: 10528: 10523: 10515: 10510: 10508: 10503: 10501: 10496: 10495: 10492: 10480: 10479: 10475: 10473: 10472: 10468: 10467: 10464: 10458: 10455: 10451: 10448: 10446: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10402: 10401: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10385: 10384: 10380: 10379: 10378: 10377: 10373: 10369: 10366: 10364: 10361: 10360: 10359: 10358: 10354: 10350: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10335: 10334: 10333: 10330: 10328: 10325: 10324: 10322: 10320: 10316: 10308: 10305: 10303: 10300: 10298: 10295: 10293: 10290: 10288: 10285: 10284: 10283: 10282:United States 10280: 10278: 10275: 10273: 10270: 10268: 10265: 10263: 10260: 10258: 10255: 10253: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10241: 10233: 10230: 10229: 10228: 10225: 10223: 10220: 10218: 10215: 10213: 10210: 10208: 10205: 10203: 10200: 10198: 10195: 10193: 10190: 10188: 10185: 10183: 10180: 10178: 10175: 10173: 10170: 10168: 10167: 10166:Force majeure 10163: 10161: 10158: 10154: 10151: 10149: 10146: 10144: 10141: 10140: 10139: 10136: 10132: 10129: 10128: 10127: 10124: 10119: 10117: 10116: 10112: 10111: 10110: 10107: 10105: 10102: 10100: 10097: 10095: 10092: 10088: 10087:Value of life 10085: 10083: 10079: 10076: 10074: 10071: 10069: 10066: 10064: 10061: 10059: 10056: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10040: 10038: 10036: 10031: 10025: 10015: 10012: 10010: 10007: 10005: 10002: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9990: 9987: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9949:Interest rate 9947: 9943: 9940: 9939: 9938: 9935: 9933: 9930: 9928: 9925: 9923: 9920: 9918: 9915: 9913: 9910: 9906: 9903: 9901: 9898: 9897: 9896: 9893: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9865: 9864: 9861: 9860: 9858: 9854: 9848: 9845: 9843: 9840: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9817:Inland marine 9815: 9813: 9812:GAP insurance 9810: 9808: 9805: 9804: 9802: 9800:Communication 9796: 9790: 9787: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9755: 9752: 9750: 9747: 9745: 9742: 9740: 9737: 9735: 9732: 9731: 9729: 9725: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9650: 9648: 9644: 9638: 9635: 9633: 9630: 9628: 9625: 9623: 9622:Unitised fund 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9612:Mortgage life 9610: 9608: 9605: 9604: 9602: 9600: 9596: 9590: 9587: 9585: 9582: 9580: 9577: 9575: 9572: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9535: 9531: 9528: 9522: 9518: 9511: 9506: 9504: 9499: 9497: 9492: 9491: 9488: 9482: 9475: 9457: 9454: 9452: 9449: 9447: 9444: 9442: 9439: 9437: 9434: 9432: 9431:New Caledonia 9429: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9417: 9414: 9412: 9411:Easter Island 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9388: 9386: 9380: 9374: 9371: 9369: 9366: 9365: 9363: 9357: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9341: 9338: 9336: 9333: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9301: 9298: 9296: 9293: 9291: 9288: 9286: 9283: 9282: 9280: 9276: 9267: 9262: 9260: 9255: 9253: 9248: 9247: 9244: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9206:Faroe Islands 9204: 9202: 9199: 9198: 9196: 9190: 9184: 9181: 9179: 9178:South Ossetia 9176: 9174: 9171: 9169: 9166: 9164: 9161: 9160: 9158: 9152: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9030:Liechtenstein 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9009: 9006: 9004: 9001: 8999: 8996: 8994: 8991: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8976: 8974: 8971: 8969: 8966: 8964: 8961: 8959: 8956: 8954: 8951: 8949: 8946: 8944: 8941: 8939: 8936: 8934: 8931: 8929: 8926: 8924: 8921: 8919: 8916: 8914: 8911: 8909: 8906: 8904: 8901: 8900: 8898: 8894: 8890: 8883: 8878: 8876: 8871: 8869: 8864: 8863: 8860: 8848: 8844: 8840: 8838: 8830: 8829: 8826: 8820: 8817: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8796: 8794: 8789: 8785: 8779: 8776: 8774: 8773:South Ossetia 8771: 8769: 8766: 8764: 8761: 8759: 8756: 8755: 8753: 8751: 8745: 8739: 8736: 8734: 8731: 8729: 8726: 8724: 8721: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8709: 8706: 8704: 8701: 8699: 8696: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8679: 8676: 8674: 8671: 8669: 8666: 8664: 8661: 8659: 8656: 8654: 8651: 8649: 8646: 8644: 8641: 8639: 8636: 8634: 8631: 8629: 8626: 8624: 8621: 8619: 8616: 8614: 8611: 8609: 8606: 8604: 8601: 8599: 8596: 8594: 8591: 8589: 8586: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8509: 8506: 8504: 8501: 8499: 8496: 8495: 8493: 8491: 8487: 8478: 8473: 8471: 8466: 8464: 8459: 8458: 8455: 8443: 8442: 8441:South America 8438: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8419:North America 8417: 8416: 8413: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8377: 8374: 8372: 8369: 8367: 8364: 8362: 8359: 8357: 8354: 8352: 8349: 8347: 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8336:French Guiana 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8284: 8280: 8275: 8265: 8262: 8260: 8257: 8255: 8254:United States 8252: 8250: 8247: 8245: 8242: 8240: 8237: 8235: 8232: 8230: 8227: 8225: 8222: 8220: 8217: 8215: 8212: 8210: 8207: 8205: 8202: 8200: 8197: 8195: 8192: 8190: 8187: 8185: 8182: 8180: 8177: 8175: 8172: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8140: 8137: 8135: 8132: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8091: 8089: 8087: 8081: 8072: 8067: 8065: 8060: 8058: 8053: 8052: 8049: 8032: 8028: 8024: 8021: 8015: 8011: 8008: 8002: 7999: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7982: 7981: 7978: 7970: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7955: 7953: 7945: 7939: 7936: 7934: 7931: 7929: 7926: 7924: 7921: 7919: 7916: 7914: 7911: 7909: 7906: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7821: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7788:Guinea-Bissau 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7739: 7736: 7734: 7731: 7729: 7726: 7724: 7721: 7719: 7716: 7714: 7711: 7709: 7706: 7704: 7701: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7684: 7681: 7679: 7676: 7674: 7671: 7670: 7668: 7664: 7655: 7650: 7648: 7643: 7641: 7636: 7635: 7632: 7626: 7619: 7607: 7604: 7602: 7599: 7597: 7594: 7592: 7589: 7587: 7584: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7567: 7564: 7562: 7559: 7557: 7554: 7552: 7549: 7547: 7544: 7542: 7539: 7537: 7534: 7532: 7529: 7527: 7526:Forced labour 7524: 7522: 7519: 7517: 7514: 7512: 7509: 7507: 7504: 7502: 7499: 7497: 7494: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7477: 7474: 7473: 7471: 7467: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7446: 7443: 7441: 7438: 7436: 7433: 7429: 7428:United States 7426: 7425: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7403:Union busting 7401: 7399: 7396: 7395: 7393: 7389: 7379: 7376: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7366: 7365: 7363: 7359: 7353: 7350: 7348: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7315: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7305: 7295: 7292: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7275: 7272: 7270: 7267: 7265: 7262: 7260: 7259:Overtime bans 7257: 7255: 7252: 7248: 7245: 7243: 7240: 7239: 7238: 7235: 7233: 7230: 7229: 7227: 7225: 7221: 7215: 7212: 7210: 7207: 7205: 7202: 7200: 7197: 7195: 7194:Strike notice 7192: 7190: 7187: 7185: 7182: 7180: 7177: 7175: 7172: 7170: 7167: 7165: 7162: 7160: 7157: 7155: 7154:Labour revolt 7152: 7150: 7147: 7145: 7142: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7126: 7124: 7120: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7094: 7091: 7089: 7086: 7084: 7081: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7073: 7069: 7066: 7060: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7034:General union 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7024:Company union 7022: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6998:Dual unionism 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6983:One Big Union 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6963:Service model 6961: 6959: 6956: 6955: 6953: 6949: 6943: 6942:Worker centre 6940: 6938: 6935: 6933: 6930: 6928: 6925: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6903: 6900: 6898: 6895: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6885: 6883: 6880: 6878: 6875: 6873: 6870: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6858: 6855: 6851: 6844: 6843:public sector 6840: 6837: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6829:Labour rights 6827: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6818: 6809: 6804: 6802: 6797: 6795: 6790: 6789: 6786: 6780: 6776: 6775: 6771: 6769: 6767: 6763: 6760: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6743: 6740: 6737: 6734: 6731: 6728: 6725: 6721: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6709: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6687: 6678: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6660: 6656: 6653: 6649: 6646: 6643: 6639: 6636: 6632: 6629: 6625: 6621: 6617: 6613: 6609: 6606: 6602: 6599: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6583: 6579: 6575: 6571: 6567: 6563: 6557: 6553: 6550: 6549: 6544: 6541: 6537: 6536: 6526: 6522: 6518: 6515: 6511: 6508: 6507: 6502: 6499: 6496: 6492: 6489: 6485: 6483: 6479: 6475: 6472: 6468: 6466: 6462: 6458: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6447: 6443:United States 6436: 6432: 6430: 6426: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6412: 6408: 6406: 6405:online review 6402: 6398: 6396: 6392: 6389: 6385: 6382: 6381: 6376: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6362: 6358: 6356: 6355: 6350: 6347: 6343: 6342: 6330: 6324: 6320: 6316: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6296: 6292: 6288: 6283: 6280: 6276: 6272: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6256: 6252: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6235: 6231: 6226: 6222: 6217: 6213: 6209: 6205: 6202: 6198: 6195: 6191: 6190: 6179: 6176: 6172: 6167: 6163: 6158: 6157: 6145: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6127: 6123: 6118: 6114: 6108: 6100: 6096: 6091: 6087: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6070: 6067:(4): 339–353. 6066: 6062: 6057: 6056: 6044: 6043:unionisation. 6032: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6012: 6008: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5973: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5955: 5951: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5924: 5916: 5912: 5908: 5904: 5900: 5896: 5889: 5874: 5873: 5868: 5862: 5854: 5850: 5846: 5842: 5838: 5834: 5830: 5826: 5822: 5815: 5807: 5803: 5799: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5783: 5779: 5775: 5768: 5761: 5755: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5741:Social Forces 5738: 5731: 5723: 5719: 5714: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5643: 5634: 5629: 5625: 5621: 5620:Social Forces 5617: 5610: 5602: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5563: 5555: 5551: 5546: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5522: 5514: 5510: 5506: 5502: 5498: 5494: 5490: 5486: 5482: 5475: 5467: 5463: 5458: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5434: 5426: 5425:10.3386/w2039 5422: 5415: 5409: 5405: 5399: 5391: 5385: 5381: 5380: 5375: 5369: 5360: 5342: 5335: 5320: 5316: 5309: 5300: 5292: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5245: 5241: 5237: 5230: 5223: 5214: 5205: 5196: 5188: 5184: 5179: 5178:11250/2685607 5174: 5169: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5145: 5130: 5126: 5120: 5112: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5096: 5092: 5088: 5084: 5080: 5073: 5065: 5061: 5057: 5053: 5049: 5045: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5026: 5019: 5013: 5004: 4995: 4994:Bruce Western 4991: 4990: 4988: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4968: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4954: 4950: 4944: 4933: 4929: 4925: 4921: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4894: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4874:9780674726215 4870: 4866: 4859: 4857: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4834: 4826: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4808: 4804: 4800: 4793: 4785: 4781: 4776: 4771: 4767: 4763: 4759: 4752: 4743: 4738: 4734: 4730: 4726: 4719: 4711: 4707: 4703: 4696: 4688: 4682: 4666: 4662: 4658: 4652: 4645: 4638: 4631: 4627: 4621: 4614: 4608: 4589: 4585: 4578: 4571: 4556: 4552: 4546: 4530: 4524: 4505: 4498: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4470: 4465: 4450: 4446: 4439: 4431: 4425: 4409: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4392: 4385: 4378: 4374: 4369: 4362: 4358: 4355: 4349: 4342: 4341: 4334: 4327: 4323: 4317: 4298: 4291: 4285: 4270: 4266: 4262: 4261:The Economist 4257: 4249: 4242:(2): 391–417. 4241: 4237: 4230: 4222: 4218: 4214: 4210: 4206: 4202: 4195: 4187: 4183: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4166:Legal Studies 4160: 4152: 4148: 4147:"Trade union" 4142: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4087: 4080: 4076: 4073: 4072:Book V, Ch.10 4069: 4068: 4062: 4055: 4050: 4042: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4026: 4019: 4014: 3998: 3994: 3990: 3983: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3956: 3952: 3948: 3944: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3921: 3917: 3913: 3906: 3898: 3894: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3879: 3871: 3856: 3852: 3846: 3838: 3831: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3802: 3794: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3769: 3754: 3750: 3749: 3744: 3737: 3729: 3725: 3721: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3708: 3700: 3692: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3661: 3646: 3642: 3638: 3635: 3634: 3627: 3620: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3588: 3584: 3578: 3571: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3540: 3536: 3530: 3515: 3511: 3510:New Haven, CT 3507: 3506: 3501: 3497: 3491: 3489: 3481: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3457: 3449: 3445: 3439: 3432: 3421: 3417: 3413: 3409: 3405: 3401: 3397: 3391: 3383: 3377: 3373: 3368: 3367: 3358: 3351: 3346: 3330: 3324: 3316: 3312: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3285: 3269: 3263: 3248: 3244: 3243:"Trade Union" 3238: 3236: 3234: 3232: 3224: 3218: 3216: 3214: 3212: 3204: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3190: 3181: 3178: 3174: 3173:Strikebreaker 3171: 3170: 3169: 3168:Union busting 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3148:Profit margin 3146: 3144: 3141: 3139: 3136: 3134: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3124: 3121: 3119: 3116: 3114: 3111: 3109: 3106: 3105: 3101: 3095: 3090: 3083: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3066: 3065: 3059: 3056: 3052: 3043: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3029: 3024: 3019: 3014: 3009: 3007: 3002: 2998: 2992: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2944: 2929: 2926: 2918: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2894: 2892: 2885: 2876: 2875: 2867: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2854:In 2006, the 2852: 2850: 2844: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2825: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2811: 2807: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2786: 2784: 2780: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2760:privatization 2757: 2753: 2752:Ronald Reagan 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2719: 2717: 2711: 2706: 2700: 2695: 2689: 2686: 2685:laissez-faire 2677: 2674: 2669: 2666: 2662: 2661: 2660: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2632: 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2588: 2586: 2581: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2555: 2551: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2492: 2491:service model 2487: 2485: 2481: 2476: 2471: 2469: 2461: 2456: 2452: 2450: 2446: 2445:strike action 2442: 2438: 2434: 2430: 2425: 2422: 2418: 2413: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2346: 2345: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2326: 2323: 2320: 2319: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2299: 2295: 2292: 2289: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2266: 2263: 2260: 2259: 2255: 2252: 2249: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2223: 2220: 2219: 2215: 2212: 2209: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2195: 2192: 2189: 2186: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2160: 2159: 2155: 2152: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2140: 2139: 2135: 2132: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2115: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2079: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1939: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1926: 1923: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1906: 1903: 1900: 1899: 1895: 1892: 1889: 1886: 1883: 1880: 1879: 1875: 1872: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1859: 1855: 1852: 1849: 1846: 1843: 1840: 1839: 1835: 1832: 1829: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1803: 1800: 1799: 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1779: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1760: 1759: 1755: 1752: 1749: 1746: 1743: 1740: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1729: 1726: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1699: 1695: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1683: 1680: 1679: 1675: 1672: 1669: 1666: 1663: 1660: 1659: 1655: 1652: 1649: 1646: 1643: 1640: 1639: 1635: 1632: 1629: 1626: 1623: 1620: 1619: 1615: 1612: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1599: 1593: 1591: 1585: 1583: 1582:paid vacation 1579: 1574: 1569: 1567: 1566:globalization 1563: 1559: 1555: 1554:Union density 1547: 1539: 1532: No data 1426: 1421: 1412: 1408: 1406: 1400: 1398: 1394: 1391: 1387: 1382: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1364: 1362: 1361: 1356: 1350: 1346: 1341: 1332: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1316: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1299: 1295: 1290: 1288: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1271: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1245: 1241: 1237: 1233: 1232:general union 1224: 1215: 1213: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1184: 1183: 1178: 1174: 1170: 1165: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1149: 1147: 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1113:United States 1110: 1109: 1104: 1094: 1092: 1089:, practising 1088: 1084: 1083:Roman priests 1080: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067:La Ostia port 1064: 1060: 1056: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1015: 1011: 1007: 1006: 1002: 998: 994: 990: 986: 982: 968: 964: 950: 946: 943:per day on a 942: 938: 934: 923: 921: 916: 905: 901: 890: 886: 882: 871: 867: 863: 853: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 826: 823: 818: 816: 812: 808: 803: 799: 798:Beatrice Webb 795: 791: 790: 774: 765: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 742:professionals 739: 735: 730: 728: 724: 720: 716: 711: 709: 704: 700: 696: 692: 687: 685: 680: 676: 672: 668: 664: 660: 656: 652: 648: 644: 632: 627: 625: 620: 618: 613: 612: 610: 609: 602: 599: 597: 594: 592: 589: 587: 584: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 568: 562: 561: 553: 550: 548: 545: 543: 540: 538: 535: 533: 530: 528: 525: 523: 520: 518: 515: 513: 512:New Caledonia 510: 508: 505: 503: 500: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 485: 483: 480: 478: 475: 473: 470: 468: 465: 464: 460: 455: 454: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 411: 410:Overtime bans 408: 406: 403: 401: 398: 394: 391: 389: 386: 385: 384: 381: 379: 376: 374: 371: 370: 366: 365:Strike action 361: 360: 350: 347: 345: 342: 341: 339: 337: 334: 332: 329: 327: 324: 323: 320: 315: 314: 306: 303: 301: 300:Unfree labour 298: 296: 293: 291: 288: 286: 283: 281: 278: 276: 273: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 260:Paid time off 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 225:Four-day week 223: 221: 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 182: 178: 177:Labour rights 173: 172: 162: 159: 157: 154: 152: 151:Union busting 149: 147: 144: 142: 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 127: 124: 122: 119: 117: 114: 112: 109: 107: 104: 102: 99: 97: 94: 92: 89: 88: 86: 85: 82: 77: 76: 72: 68: 67: 64: 59: 58: 54: 48: 47: 44: 40: 33: 19: 12611:Trade unions 12542: 12469:Conglomerate 12297:reproductive 12192:Labor rights 12168:and cultural 12078:Right to die 11955:human rights 11953:Substantive 11341: 11253:Labor rights 11136:Nordic model 11109:Keynesianism 10922:Labour power 10728:(CGT, Spain) 10641: 10476: 10469: 10449: 10415:Credit union 10381: 10374: 10355: 10227:Underwriting 10182:Insurability 10164: 10143:Co-insurance 10113: 10109:Cancellation 9900:Catastrophic 9885:Climate risk 9713:Trade credit 9382:Dependencies 9368:Cook Islands 9183:Transnistria 8788:Dependencies 8718:Turkmenistan 8683:Saudi Arabia 8439: 8391:Sint Maarten 8376:Saint Martin 8283:Dependencies 8023:Saint Helena 7994: 7898:South Africa 7888:Sierra Leone 7693:Burkina Faso 7601:Wage slavery 7561:Maximum wage 7556:Minimum wage 7486:Six-hour day 7469:Other topics 7361:Compensation 7214:Work-to-rule 7108:Scope clause 7049:Police union 6887:Unionization 6838: 6773: 6765: 6665: 6658: 6651: 6644: 6634: 6611: 6604: 6597: 6565: 6561: 6555: 6546: 6539: 6520: 6513: 6504: 6494: 6487: 6477: 6470: 6460: 6450: 6434: 6420:5.1 (2016). 6417: 6410: 6400: 6387: 6379: 6371: 6360: 6353: 6345: 6314: 6290: 6286: 6278: 6270: 6260: 6250: 6238: 6229: 6220: 6211: 6200: 6193: 6177: 6170: 6161: 6143: 6130: 6121: 6094: 6074: 6064: 6060: 6052:Bibliography 6041: 6034:. Retrieved 5998: 5994: 5984: 5975: 5937: 5933: 5923: 5898: 5894: 5888: 5876:. Retrieved 5870: 5861: 5828: 5824: 5814: 5781: 5777: 5767: 5758: 5744: 5740: 5730: 5703: 5699: 5689: 5656: 5652: 5642: 5623: 5619: 5609: 5576: 5572: 5562: 5535: 5531: 5521: 5488: 5484: 5474: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5414: 5398: 5379:Price theory 5378: 5368: 5359: 5347:. Retrieved 5334: 5322:. Retrieved 5318: 5308: 5299: 5266: 5262: 5252: 5244:the original 5239: 5235: 5222: 5213: 5204: 5195: 5158: 5154: 5144: 5132:. Retrieved 5128: 5119: 5086: 5082: 5072: 5039: 5035: 5025: 5012: 5003: 4986: 4977: 4956: 4952: 4943: 4932:the original 4903: 4899: 4864: 4847:the original 4843:The Long Run 4842: 4833: 4806: 4802: 4792: 4765: 4761: 4751: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4705: 4695: 4681: 4669:. Retrieved 4665:the original 4660: 4651: 4643: 4637: 4629: 4625: 4620: 4612: 4607: 4595:. Retrieved 4588:the original 4583: 4570: 4558:. Retrieved 4554: 4545: 4533:. Retrieved 4523: 4511:. Retrieved 4504:the original 4491: 4479: 4464: 4452:. Retrieved 4448: 4438: 4424: 4412:. Retrieved 4398: 4394: 4384: 4377:SINALTRAINAL 4368: 4348: 4339: 4333: 4325: 4316: 4304:. Retrieved 4297:the original 4284: 4272:. Retrieved 4260: 4248: 4239: 4235: 4229: 4207:(2): 77–97. 4204: 4200: 4194: 4169: 4165: 4159: 4150: 4141: 4103:(2): 28–34. 4100: 4096: 4086: 4065: 4061: 4049: 4034: 4031:Webb, Sidney 4025: 4020:, p. 3. 4013: 4001:. Retrieved 3996: 3992: 3982: 3973: 3963: 3938: 3934: 3928: 3922:(1): 94–103. 3919: 3915: 3905: 3877: 3870: 3858:. Retrieved 3854: 3845: 3836: 3830: 3807: 3801: 3774: 3768: 3756:. Retrieved 3748:Live Science 3746: 3736: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3674: 3670: 3660: 3648:. Retrieved 3632: 3626: 3618: 3611:. Retrieved 3595:Liberty Fund 3593: 3577: 3569: 3562:. Retrieved 3546: 3542: 3529: 3517:. Retrieved 3503: 3479: 3472:. Retrieved 3456:Liberty Fund 3454: 3438: 3430: 3423:. Retrieved 3407: 3403: 3390: 3365: 3357: 3345: 3333:. Retrieved 3323: 3298: 3294: 3284: 3272:. Retrieved 3262: 3250:. Retrieved 3246: 3143:Police union 3080: 3069: 3062: 3060: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3038:and against 3033: 3026: 3010: 2996: 2993: 2985: 2977:middle class 2963: 2949: 2921: 2915:October 2021 2912: 2888: 2853: 2845: 2841: 2821:Rand formula 2792: 2776: 2756:Labour Party 2720: 2690: 2682: 2658: 2652:, a form of 2638: 2594: 2582: 2547: 2519:Labour Party 2516: 2506:relating to 2488: 2472: 2465: 2426: 2414: 2371: 2358:Cesar Chavez 2341: 2261:Switzerland 2101:New Zealand 2081:Netherlands 1586: 1578:minimum wage 1570: 1564:, increased 1552: 1522: 0.0–9. 1409: 1401: 1390:conservative 1383: 1368: 1365: 1358: 1353: 1330: 1325: 1313: 1291: 1272: 1267: 1240:John Doherty 1229: 1208: 1180: 1166: 1150: 1146:wage slavery 1140: 1117:Philadelphia 1106: 1100: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1043:Roman Senate 1038: 1028: 1025:legal entity 1020: 1018: 1003: 997:Antinoöpolis 981:Minya, Egypt 963:freight rate 945:charterparty 919: 878: 875:Trade guilds 848:, and other 827: 819: 806: 787: 785: 746:past workers 731: 727:constitution 712: 690: 688: 686:of workers. 677:, improving 658: 650: 642: 640: 445:Work-to-rule 319:Trade unions 318: 290:Six-hour day 275:Right to sit 240:Minimum wage 190:Child labour 185:Annual leave 111:New unionism 43: 18:Trade unions 12543:Trade union 12527:Patent pool 12396:Corporation 12325:LGBT rights 12058:Nationality 12048:LGBT rights 11347:Tripartisme 11342:Trade union 11248:Land reform 11129:Revisionist 11018:Syndicalism 10937:Revisionism 10897:Corporatism 10813:Griffuelhes 10672:(1864–1876) 10606:Sorelianism 10601:Nationalist 10522:Syndicalism 10450:Trade union 10405:Cooperative 10078:Uncertainty 9937:Index-based 9905:Multi-peril 9863:Reinsurance 9822:Public auto 9727:Residential 9315:New Zealand 9221:Isle of Man 9156:recognition 9130:Switzerland 9065:Netherlands 8847:Asia portal 8748:States with 8668:Philippines 8608:South Korea 8603:North Korea 8498:Afghanistan 8361:Puerto Rico 8288:territories 8234:Saint Lucia 8169:El Salvador 7950:recognition 7903:South Sudan 7793:Ivory Coast 7546:Labour code 7506:Decent work 7460:Union raids 7450:Goon squads 7418:Paper local 7269:Recognition 7209:Unfair list 7129:Bossnapping 7098:Hiring hall 7088:Agency shop 7078:Closed shop 7008:Syndicalism 6932:Trades hall 6922:Union label 6907:Local union 6839:Trade union 6777:, from the 6766:Labor Notes 6700:RadioLabour 6501:Osnos, Evan 6208:Clegg, H.A. 5784:: 225–240. 5324:8 September 4473:(in Polish) 3714:: 149–156. 3301:(1): 5–42. 3040:meritocracy 3001:Anglosphere 2832:free riders 2817:agency shop 2803:hiring hall 2799:closed shop 2764:Ed Miliband 2708: [ 2697: [ 2617:IndustriALL 2554:Switzerland 2550:Netherlands 2394:federations 2041:Luxembourg 1275:Robert Owen 1196:1820 Rising 1085:overseeing 911: 2254 815:democratize 781: 1913 754:apprentices 651:labor union 643:trade union 542:South Korea 522:Netherlands 517:New Zealand 146:Syndicalism 116:Proletariat 96:Decent work 12600:Categories 12517:Consortium 12063:Personhood 11780:Woodsworth 11605:Hilferding 11465:Betancourt 11455:Ben-Gurion 11330:Capitalism 11305:Secularism 11238:Gradualism 11233:Fair trade 11201:Industrial 10858:Pelloutier 10833:Lagardelle 10808:Fitzgerald 10654:Mutual aid 10586:De Leonism 10530:Precursors 10245:by country 10243:Insurance 10217:Total loss 10138:Deductible 10099:Cash value 10043:Act of God 10028:Insurance 9942:Parametric 9922:Expatriate 9798:Transport/ 9764:Landlords' 9749:Earthquake 9637:Whole life 9557:Disability 9100:San Marino 9060:Montenegro 9040:Luxembourg 9020:Kazakhstan 8923:Azerbaijan 8728:Uzbekistan 8703:Tajikistan 8618:Kyrgyzstan 8598:Kazakhstan 8518:Bangladesh 8508:Azerbaijan 8356:Montserrat 8351:Martinique 8346:Guadeloupe 8144:Costa Rica 8005:(Portugal) 7963:Somaliland 7883:Seychelles 7848:Mozambique 7833:Mauritania 7818:Madagascar 7773:The Gambia 7708:Cape Verde 7576:Protection 7551:Labour law 7541:Job strain 7368:Strike pay 7307:Bargaining 7254:Green bans 7247:newspapers 7093:Union shop 7062:Industrial 6912:Union dues 6328:0113612508 6036:31 January 5706:: 92–109. 5579:: 92–109. 5450:: 102190. 5349:22 January 4987:Bloomberg. 4971:0674725115 4560:25 January 4535:25 January 4454:16 January 3888:1417503572 3810:. Oxford: 3637:Newark, NJ 3606:. p. 3467:. p. 3381:0684192799 3350:James 2001 3295:WorkingUSA 3186:References 3055:strength. 3006:automation 2810:union shop 2789:Shop types 2635:Labour law 2613:UNI Global 2611:, such as 2566:Solidarity 2523:Solidarity 2021:Lithuania 1621:Australia 1283:socialists 1256:Derbyshire 1248:Lancashire 1212:Manchester 1125:dependents 1051:Roman Navy 983:(under an 947:between a 842:Oddfellows 838:Freemasons 811:socialists 792:(1894) by 768:Definition 758:unemployed 691:union dues 667:employment 591:Labour law 400:Green bans 393:newspapers 285:Sick leave 280:Sabbatical 12579:Syndicate 12465:(Germany) 12043:Legal aid 11884:Socialism 11872:Communism 11839:By region 11785:Zhordania 11725:Plekhanov 11690:MacDonald 11685:Luxemburg 11580:Gaitskell 11540:Daszyński 11500:Callaghan 11460:Bernstein 11400:Third Way 11335:Socialism 11293:Socialism 11283:Reformism 11218:Dirigisme 11191:Democracy 11146:Socialism 10942:Socialism 10887:Communism 10803:Delesalle 10793:De Ambris 10738:IWW-Chile 10615:Economics 10576:Anarchist 10391:Syndicate 10357:Collegium 10252:Australia 10207:Risk pool 10177:Indemnity 10148:Copayment 10082:Knightian 9994:Terrorism 9964:Liability 9832:Satellite 9693:Pollution 9617:Term life 9526:insurance 9524:Types of 9517:Insurance 9285:Australia 9211:Gibraltar 9035:Lithuania 8814:Hong Kong 8768:Palestine 8693:Sri Lanka 8688:Singapore 8568:Indonesia 8429:Caribbean 8341:Greenland 8264:Venezuela 8209:Nicaragua 8179:Guatemala 8099:Argentina 8084:Sovereign 7838:Mauritius 7408:Givebacks 7391:Reactions 7189:Stay-away 7174:Picketing 7169:Precarity 7149:Grievance 7083:Open shop 7064:relations 6860:Structure 6853:Formation 6590:155792641 6582:0950-0170 6230:1934–1951 6221:1911–1933 6212:1889–1910 6107:cite book 6015:1351-0711 5954:1097-0274 5915:0022-3816 5878:14 August 5853:159071392 5845:1573-6687 5806:221245953 5798:1540-5907 5760:adoption. 5722:1537-5927 5681:216258517 5673:0143-814X 5601:204825962 5593:1537-5927 5554:1537-5927 5513:220512676 5505:1573-6687 5466:0261-3794 5291:154851210 5187:0013-0133 5134:14 August 5103:0003-1224 5064:219517711 5056:0002-9602 4953:UW Today. 4920:0003-1224 4825:1468-0289 4784:0033-5533 4432:. Danish. 4306:9 October 4269:0013-0613 4221:153980466 4186:145725063 4133:157935634 4117:0569-4345 4081:, para. 5 4018:Cole 2010 3683:0023-8856 3583:Hammurabi 3535:Hammurabi 3496:Hammurabi 3444:Hammurabi 3396:Hammurabi 3315:1743-4580 3274:9 October 3270:. ILOSTAT 3223:Routledge 2938:Economics 2903:talk page 2828:open shop 2728:socialist 2724:left-wing 2585:elections 2378:Australia 2364:rally in 2201:Slovenia 2161:Portugal 1592:members. 1079:Collegium 1075:collegium 1047:Lambaesis 1030:Lex Julia 1021:collegium 1005:collegium 802:Karl Marx 703:workplace 699:workforce 537:Singapore 492:Hong Kong 467:Australia 220:Equal pay 141:Communism 136:Socialism 12557:See also 12487:Zaibatsu 12475:Keiretsu 12459:(Russia) 12305:Abortion 12143:Suffrage 11750:Stauning 11670:Lévesque 11655:Lassalle 11635:Kerensky 11625:Katayama 11590:González 11525:Crosland 11505:Cárdenas 11490:Branting 11420:Ambedkar 11367:Variants 11196:Economic 11179:Concepts 11124:Orthodox 11099:Humanism 10892:Copyleft 10853:Panunzio 10570:Variants 10471:Category 10349:§275–277 10267:Pakistan 10115:Pro rata 10004:War risk 9969:No-fault 9880:Casualty 9837:Shipping 9807:Aviation 9784:Renters' 9779:Property 9774:Mortgage 9744:Contents 9718:Umbrella 9678:Fidelity 9646:Business 9542:Accident 9300:Kiribati 9231:Svalbard 9216:Guernsey 9163:Abkhazia 9115:Slovenia 9110:Slovakia 9085:Portugal 8943:Bulgaria 8837:Category 8758:Abkhazia 8708:Thailand 8663:Pakistan 8643:Mongolia 8638:Maldives 8633:Malaysia 8533:Cambodia 8296:Anguilla 8244:Suriname 8219:Paraguay 8194:Honduras 8154:Dominica 8139:Colombia 8109:Barbados 8029: / 8025: / 8018:(France) 8012: / 7990: / 7986: / 7938:Zimbabwe 7913:Tanzania 7763:Ethiopia 7758:Eswatini 7738:Djibouti 7703:Cameroon 7688:Botswana 7606:Workload 7591:Overwork 7184:Slowdown 6768:magazine 6720:Archived 6708:Archived 6620:20434019 6425:Archived 6403:(2015). 6395:ssrn.com 6321:. 1986. 6249:(1992). 6210:(1964). 6031:49187014 6023:29898957 5972:31845387 5831:: 1–24. 5376:(2007). 5111:18351034 4928:18351034 4710:Archived 4485:ssrn.com 4357:Archived 4125:23240389 4075:Archived 3897:55090137 3860:9 August 3691:41539517 3585:(1904). 3537:(1903). 3498:(1910). 3446:(1904). 3398:(1903). 3086:See also 3046:Politics 2997:worsened 2979:income. 2897:You may 2601:Brussels 2493:and the 2342:Source: 1901:Ireland 1881:Iceland 1861:Hungary 1821:Germany 1781:Finland 1761:Estonia 1741:Denmark 1661:Belgium 1641:Austria 1601:Country 1381:or AFL. 1252:Cheshire 1039:collegia 1010:Lanuvium 750:students 675:benefits 532:Portugal 472:Barbados 430:Walkouts 405:Lockouts 255:Overwork 106:Timeline 52:a series 49:Part of 12489:(Japan) 12483:(China) 12477:(Japan) 12463:Concern 12457:Combine 12451:Chaebol 12391:Company 12053:Liberty 11865:Related 11851:Germany 11846:Austria 11770:Whitlam 11760:Den Uyl 11740:Sanders 11735:Russell 11705:Morales 11695:Mandela 11630:Kautsky 11615:Jenkins 11595:Goulart 11550:Douglas 11440:Awolowo 11425:Allende 11352:Welfare 11211:Marxist 11119:Marxism 11070:History 10917:Fascism 10843:Monatte 10828:Jouhaux 10823:Janvion 10818:Haywood 10798:De Leon 10752:(ITGWU) 10676:IWA–AIT 10591:Fascist 10396:Benefit 10383:Digesta 10319:History 10053:Actuary 10009:Weather 9999:Tuition 9989:Takaful 9917:Deposit 9847:Vehicle 9451:Tokelau 9350:Vanuatu 9140:Ukraine 9090:Romania 9050:Moldova 9008:Ireland 9003:Iceland 8998:Hungary 8988:Germany 8983:Georgia 8973:Finland 8968:Estonia 8963:Denmark 8948:Croatia 8933:Belgium 8928:Belarus 8918:Austria 8913:Armenia 8908:Andorra 8903:Albania 8733:Vietnam 8648:Myanmar 8628:Lebanon 8558:Georgia 8513:Bahrain 8503:Armenia 8326:Curaçao 8311:Bonaire 8306:Bermuda 8259:Uruguay 8199:Jamaica 8174:Grenada 8164:Ecuador 8119:Bolivia 8104:Bahamas 8014:Réunion 8010:Mayotte 8001:Madeira 7996:(Spain) 7992:Melilla 7923:Tunisia 7893:Somalia 7878:Senegal 7863:Nigeria 7853:Namibia 7843:Morocco 7808:Liberia 7803:Lesotho 7753:Eritrea 7723:Comoros 7698:Burundi 7673:Algeria 7289:Whipsaw 7284:Walkout 7179:Salting 7122:Actions 6480:(1993) 6307:2596686 6203:(1999). 6196:(2000). 6186:Britain 5963:7293351 5872:Jacobin 5271:Bibcode 4671:3 March 4597:27 July 4513:27 July 4414:24 July 4041:120–124 4003:27 July 3974:The Age 3955:1325438 3758:23 June 3671:Latomus 3650:15 June 3613:20 June 3600:Chicago 3564:20 June 3519:20 June 3474:20 June 3461:Chicago 3425:20 June 3335:27 July 3064:Jacobin 2864:Iceland 2673:Ireland 2603:-based 2580:party. 2558:Marxism 2482:. Many 2449:lockout 2281:Turkey 2241:Sweden 2141:Poland 2121:Norway 2061:Mexico 2001:Latvia 1921:Israel 1841:Greece 1801:France 1681:Canada 1355:British 1322:wrote: 1318:(1871) 1310:liberal 1192:Luddism 1141:product 1129:serfdom 1115:was by 1103:Marxism 1014:Hadrian 974:⁄ 956:⁄ 922:Law 234 915:shekels 881:Assyria 856:History 807:Capital 756:or the 697:in the 679:working 663:workers 497:Ireland 487:Georgia 12569:Cartel 12292:Sexual 11775:Wilson 11755:Thomas 11745:Savage 11710:Myrdal 11660:Layton 11640:Kéthly 11620:Junmai 11610:Jaurès 11600:Hardie 11585:Gandhi 11575:Fraser 11570:Engels 11565:Ecevit 11535:Curtin 11530:Corbyn 11510:Chávez 11485:Brandt 11470:Bhutto 11435:Attlee 11430:Ardern 11411:People 10873:Valois 10863:Rocker 10848:García 10838:Larkin 10777:People 10734:(IWW) 10684:(FORA) 10272:Serbia 10232:Profit 10104:Broker 10030:policy 9842:Travel 9827:Marine 9734:Boiler 9708:Surety 9552:Dental 9534:Health 9426:Hawaii 9345:Tuvalu 9226:Jersey 9168:Kosovo 9135:Turkey 9125:Sweden 9105:Serbia 9095:Russia 9080:Poland 9075:Norway 9055:Monaco 9025:Latvia 8993:Greece 8978:France 8953:Cyprus 8778:Taiwan 8713:Turkey 8678:Russia 8613:Kuwait 8593:Jordan 8583:Israel 8543:Cyprus 8528:Brunei 8523:Bhutan 8214:Panama 8204:Mexico 8184:Guyana 8129:Canada 8124:Brazil 8114:Belize 8086:states 8033: 8016: 8003: 7933:Zambia 7928:Uganda 7868:Rwanda 7823:Malawi 7783:Guinea 7678:Angola 7232:Hartal 7144:Gherao 6951:Models 6677:online 6670:online 6618: 6588: 6580: 6473:(2002) 6422:online 6338:Europe 6325: 6305: 6082: 6029: 6021: 6013: 5970: 5960: 5952: 5913: 5851: 5843: 5804: 5796: 5720: 5679: 5671: 5599: 5591: 5552: 5511: 5503: 5464: 5386: 5289: 5185: 5109: 5101: 5062: 5054: 4969: 4926: 4918: 4871: 4823: 4782: 4274:11 May 4267: 4219: 4184: 4131: 4123: 4115: 4070:(1871) 3953: 3895: 3885: 3818: 3789: 3753:Future 3728:283119 3726: 3689: 3681: 3378: 3313: 3252:11 May 3077:Health 2969:income 2870:Impact 2623:, the 2619:, the 2562:Poland 2542:Oxford 2538:UNISON 2390:locals 2221:Spain 1981:Korea 1961:Japan 1941:Italy 1701:Chile 1530: 1520: 1510: 1500: 1490: 1480: 1470: 1460: 1450: 1440: 1430: 1188:London 1158:guilds 1091:augury 1063:Trajan 1059:Portus 985:Eyalet 937:bushel 868:, and 834:guilds 794:Sidney 693:. The 552:Sweden 527:Norway 502:Israel 477:Brazil 378:Hartal 12384:Types 11730:Prodi 11720:Palme 11715:Nehru 11665:Lenin 11650:Lagos 11560:Ebert 11555:Drees 11520:Craxi 11515:Clark 11495:Brown 11480:Blanc 11475:Blair 11450:Bebel 10868:Sorel 10788:Berth 10690:(COB) 10596:Green 10368:Guild 10262:India 10257:China 10126:Claim 9932:Group 9912:Cyber 9890:Crime 9856:Other 9789:Title 9754:Flood 9340:Tonga 9330:Samoa 9320:Palau 9310:Nauru 9201:Åland 9120:Spain 9045:Malta 9015:Italy 8819:Macau 8738:Yemen 8698:Syria 8673:Qatar 8653:Nepal 8588:Japan 8563:India 8553:Egypt 8538:China 8301:Aruba 8189:Haiti 8134:Chile 7988:Ceuta 7908:Sudan 7858:Niger 7813:Libya 7798:Kenya 7778:Ghana 7768:Gabon 7743:Egypt 7683:Benin 7242:Bandh 7017:Types 6616:JSTOR 6586:S2CID 6532:Other 6303:JSTOR 6027:S2CID 5849:S2CID 5802:S2CID 5677:S2CID 5597:S2CID 5509:S2CID 5344:(PDF) 5287:S2CID 5232:(PDF) 5107:S2CID 5060:S2CID 4935:(PDF) 4924:S2CID 4896:(PDF) 4591:(PDF) 4580:(PDF) 4507:(PDF) 4500:(PDF) 4401:(2). 4300:(PDF) 4293:(PDF) 4217:S2CID 4182:S2CID 4129:S2CID 4121:JSTOR 3951:JSTOR 3724:JSTOR 3687:JSTOR 3590:(PDF) 3451:(PDF) 2905:, or 2730:, or 2712:] 2701:] 2410:Rengo 2406:Japan 2336:12.9 2333:10.6 2330:10.3 2327:10.3 2324:10.1 2316:29.8 2313:24.2 2310:23.7 2307:23.2 2304:23.4 2296:12.5 2276:20.7 2273:15.7 2270:15.3 2267:14.9 2264:14.4 2256:81.0 2253:67.8 2250:66.9 2247:65.6 2244:65.5 2236:17.5 2233:15.2 2230:14.8 2227:14.2 2224:13.6 2216:44.2 2213:20.9 2210:20.4 2196:34.2 2193:11.7 2190:10.7 2173:16.1 2170:15.3 2156:23.5 2150:12.7 2136:53.6 2133:49.3 2130:49.3 2127:49.3 2124:49.2 2116:22.4 2113:17.9 2110:17.7 2107:17.3 2096:22.3 2093:17.7 2090:17.3 2087:16.8 2084:16.4 2076:16.7 2073:13.1 2070:12.7 2067:12.5 2064:12.0 2053:33.3 2050:32.3 2047:32.1 2044:31.8 2013:12.6 2010:12.3 2007:12.2 2004:11.9 1996:11.4 1993:10.0 1990:10.0 1987:10.5 1976:21.5 1973:17.4 1970:17.3 1967:17.1 1964:17.0 1956:34.8 1953:35.7 1950:34.4 1947:34.3 1944:34.4 1936:37.7 1927:25.0 1916:35.9 1913:25.4 1910:23.4 1907:24.3 1904:24.1 1896:89.1 1893:90.0 1890:89.8 1887:91.0 1884:91.8 1876:23.8 1850:19.0 1836:24.6 1833:17.6 1830:17.0 1827:16.7 1824:16.5 1816:10.8 1796:74.2 1793:66.4 1790:64.9 1787:62.2 1784:60.3 1776:14.0 1756:74.5 1753:67.1 1750:65.5 1747:66.1 1744:66.5 1736:27.2 1733:12.0 1730:12.0 1727:11.7 1724:11.5 1716:11.2 1713:16.1 1710:17.7 1707:17.0 1704:16.6 1696:28.2 1693:29.4 1690:26.3 1687:26.3 1684:25.9 1676:56.6 1673:54.2 1670:52.8 1667:51.9 1664:50.3 1656:36.9 1653:27.4 1650:26.9 1647:26.7 1644:26.3 1636:24.9 1627:14.7 1624:13.7 1616:2000 1613:2015 1610:2016 1607:2017 1604:2018 965:on a 941:gerah 885:Sumer 870:Guild 671:wages 659:union 649:) or 507:Malta 388:Bandh 11765:Webb 11700:Marx 11645:Kirk 11545:Debs 11288:Left 10783:Bain 10341:§234 10063:Risk 10033:and 9895:Crop 9759:Home 9653:Bond 9599:Life 9421:Guam 9373:Niue 9295:Fiji 8658:Oman 8623:Laos 8578:Iraq 8573:Iran 8366:Saba 8286:and 8224:Peru 8149:Cuba 7918:Togo 7828:Mali 7718:Chad 7103:Bump 6927:Salt 6578:ISSN 6323:ISBN 6135:Bonn 6113:link 6080:ISBN 6038:2022 6019:PMID 6011:ISSN 5968:PMID 5950:ISSN 5911:ISSN 5880:2023 5841:ISSN 5794:ISSN 5718:ISSN 5669:ISSN 5589:ISSN 5550:ISSN 5501:ISSN 5462:ISSN 5384:ISBN 5351:2007 5326:2024 5183:ISSN 5136:2023 5099:ISSN 5052:ISSN 4967:ISBN 4916:ISSN 4869:ISBN 4821:ISSN 4780:ISSN 4673:2012 4599:2011 4562:2022 4537:2022 4515:2011 4456:2018 4416:2024 4308:2018 4276:2021 4265:ISSN 4113:ISSN 4005:2011 3999:(10) 3893:OCLC 3883:ISBN 3862:2023 3816:ISBN 3787:ISBN 3760:2021 3679:ISSN 3652:2021 3615:2021 3566:2021 3521:2021 3476:2021 3427:2021 3376:ISBN 3372:1955 3337:2011 3311:ISSN 3276:2018 3254:2021 3042:. 2986:The 2971:and 2960:CEOs 2643:and 2552:and 2458:The 2344:OECD 2293:8.0 2290:8.2 2287:8.6 2284:9.2 2033:7.9 2030:7.7 2027:7.7 2024:7.1 1873:9.4 1870:8.5 1867:8.1 1864:7.9 1813:9.0 1810:9.0 1807:8.9 1804:8.8 1773:4.7 1770:4.4 1767:4.3 1764:4.3 1590:OECD 1558:OECD 1262:and 1073:, a 883:and 796:and 673:and 482:Fiji 349:WFTU 344:ITUC 12294:and 10035:law 9974:Pet 8790:and 6624:doi 6570:doi 6295:doi 6003:doi 5958:PMC 5942:doi 5903:doi 5833:doi 5786:doi 5749:doi 5708:doi 5661:doi 5628:doi 5581:doi 5540:doi 5493:doi 5452:doi 5421:doi 5404:doi 5279:doi 5173:hdl 5163:doi 5159:130 5091:doi 5044:doi 5040:125 4908:doi 4811:doi 4770:doi 4766:136 4737:doi 4403:doi 4209:doi 4174:doi 4105:doi 3943:doi 3716:doi 3645:5–6 3303:doi 2964:not 2826:An 2815:An 2540:in 2527:BNP 2415:In 2207:.. 2204:.. 2187:.. 2184:.. 2176:.. 2167:.. 2164:.. 2153:.. 2147:.. 2144:.. 2104:.. 2056:.. 2036:.. 2016:.. 1984:.. 1933:.. 1930:.. 1924:.. 1856:.. 1853:.. 1847:.. 1844:.. 1633:.. 1630:.. 1347:in 1160:of 995:in 887:by 12602:: 12481:Xi 10347:; 10343:; 10339:; 6622:, 6584:. 6576:. 6566:31 6564:. 6370:, 6317:. 6301:. 6291:40 6289:. 6133:. 6109:}} 6105:{{ 6097:. 6065:14 6063:. 6040:. 6025:. 6017:. 6009:. 5999:75 5997:. 5993:. 5974:. 5966:. 5956:. 5948:. 5938:63 5936:. 5932:. 5909:. 5899:77 5897:. 5869:. 5847:. 5839:. 5829:43 5827:. 5823:. 5800:. 5792:. 5782:65 5780:. 5776:. 5757:. 5745:99 5743:. 5739:. 5716:. 5704:19 5702:. 5698:. 5675:. 5667:. 5657:41 5655:. 5651:. 5624:99 5622:. 5618:. 5595:. 5587:. 5577:19 5575:. 5571:. 5548:. 5536:16 5534:. 5530:. 5507:. 5499:. 5489:43 5487:. 5483:. 5460:. 5448:67 5446:. 5442:. 5317:. 5285:. 5277:. 5267:41 5265:. 5261:. 5240:77 5238:. 5234:. 5181:. 5171:. 5157:. 5153:. 5127:. 5105:. 5097:. 5087:76 5085:. 5081:. 5058:. 5050:. 5038:. 5034:. 4985:. 4965:. 4951:. 4922:. 4914:. 4904:76 4902:. 4898:. 4883:^ 4855:^ 4841:. 4819:. 4807:72 4805:. 4801:. 4778:. 4764:. 4760:. 4733:20 4731:. 4727:. 4708:. 4704:. 4659:. 4582:. 4553:. 4447:. 4399:12 4397:. 4393:. 4263:. 4259:. 4240:38 4238:. 4215:. 4205:17 4203:. 4180:. 4168:. 4149:. 4127:. 4119:. 4111:. 4101:56 4099:. 4095:. 3995:. 3991:. 3972:. 3949:. 3939:21 3937:. 3918:. 3914:. 3891:. 3853:. 3781:: 3777:. 3751:. 3745:. 3722:. 3712:71 3710:. 3685:. 3675:60 3673:. 3669:. 3639:: 3617:. 3608:95 3602:: 3592:. 3568:. 3559:88 3557:: 3553:: 3545:. 3541:. 3512:: 3502:. 3487:^ 3478:. 3469:83 3463:: 3453:. 3429:. 3420:85 3418:: 3414:: 3406:. 3402:. 3374:. 3309:. 3299:16 3297:. 3293:. 3245:. 3230:^ 3210:^ 3193:^ 3031:. 3008:. 2808:A 2797:A 2785:. 2726:, 2710:de 2699:de 2656:. 2631:. 2615:, 2419:, 1580:, 1407:. 1258:, 1254:, 1250:, 1019:A 926:c. 917:. 908:c. 898:, 893:c. 864:, 852:. 844:, 840:, 836:, 778:c. 764:. 752:, 748:, 744:, 641:A 55:on 12369:e 12362:t 12355:v 11946:e 11939:t 11932:v 11880:" 11876:" 11051:e 11044:t 11037:v 10513:e 10506:t 10499:v 10398:/ 10080:/ 9509:e 9502:t 9495:v 9265:e 9258:t 9251:v 8881:e 8874:t 8867:v 8476:e 8469:t 8462:v 8070:e 8063:t 8056:v 7653:e 7646:t 7639:v 6845:) 6841:( 6807:e 6800:t 6793:v 6757:" 6630:. 6626:: 6592:. 6572:: 6331:. 6309:. 6297:: 6273:. 6253:. 6241:. 6173:. 6164:. 6115:) 6101:. 6088:. 6005:: 5944:: 5917:. 5905:: 5882:. 5855:. 5835:: 5808:. 5788:: 5751:: 5724:. 5710:: 5683:. 5663:: 5636:. 5630:: 5603:. 5583:: 5556:. 5542:: 5515:. 5495:: 5468:. 5454:: 5427:. 5423:: 5406:: 5392:. 5353:. 5328:. 5281:: 5273:: 5189:. 5175:: 5165:: 5138:. 5113:. 5093:: 5066:. 5046:: 4960:. 4910:: 4877:. 4827:. 4813:: 4786:. 4772:: 4745:. 4739:: 4675:. 4601:. 4564:. 4539:. 4517:. 4458:. 4418:. 4405:: 4352:" 4310:. 4278:. 4223:. 4211:: 4188:. 4176:: 4170:1 4135:. 4107:: 4043:. 4007:. 3997:1 3957:. 3945:: 3920:1 3899:. 3864:. 3824:. 3795:. 3762:. 3730:. 3718:: 3693:. 3654:. 3547:2 3523:. 3408:2 3384:. 3352:. 3339:. 3317:. 3305:: 3278:. 3256:. 3225:. 3205:. 2928:) 2922:( 2917:) 2913:( 2895:. 2823:. 1526:% 1524:9 1516:% 1514:9 1506:% 1504:9 1496:% 1494:9 1486:% 1484:9 1476:% 1474:9 1466:% 1464:9 1456:% 1454:9 1446:% 1444:9 1436:% 1434:9 1144:" 976:6 972:1 958:2 954:1 924:( 906:( 653:( 645:( 630:e 623:t 616:v 41:. 34:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.