378:
seduced by the love of what I thought liberty I ventured to oppose your
Opinions without ever ceasing to venerate your character...I cannot say...that I can even now assent to all your opinions on the present politics of Europe. But I can with truth affirm that I subscribe to your general Principles; that I consider them as the only solid foundation both of political Science and of political prudence". Burke replied that "As it is on all hands allowed that you were the most able advocate for the cause which you supported, your sacrifice to truth and mature reflexion, adds much to your glory". However, in private Burke was sceptical of what he considered Mackintosh's "supposed conversion". Burke invited Mackintosh to spend Christmas with him at his home in Beaconsfield, where he was struck by Burke's "astonishing effusions of his mind in conversation. Perfectly free from all taint of affectation...Minutely and accurately informed, to a wonderful exactness, with respect to every fact relative to the French Revolution".
66:
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858:
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528:(military dictator) of France. Peltier had argued that Napoleon should be killed at a time when Britain and France were at peace. In front of an audience of ambassadors, it took only one minute for the jury to convict Jean-Gabriel, but the sentence was never applied as it was decidedly a political trial. J-G Peltier was no more satisfied with the judgment than Napoleon.
657:, taking up the post in 1804. Within a few months he had established the Bombay Literary Society at his home, where a circle of intellectuals and friends would meet to discuss the history, geography, zoology and botany of the sub-continent as well as its peoples and languages, customs and religions. The group would later evolve into the
974:
377:
Mackintosh wrote to Burke on 22 December 1796, saying that "From the earliest moments of reflexion your writings were my chief study and delight...The enthusiasm with which I then embraced them is now ripened into solid
Conviction by the experience and meditation of more mature age. For a time indeed
981:
In the midst of the attractions of London society and of his parliamentary avocations
Mackintosh felt that the real work of his life was being neglected. His great ambition was to write a history of England; he also cherished the idea of making some worthy contribution to philosophy. It was not till
1557:
on 25 December: "I suspect by his Letter that it does not extend beyond the interior politicks of this Island, but that, with regard to France and many other
Countries He remains as franc a Jacobin as ever. This conversion is none at all, but we must nurse up these nothings and think these negative
1053:
Mackintosh's work was published in 1834 and in his review of it, Macaulay said that he had "no hesitation" in proclaiming the book as "decidedly the best history now extant of the reign of James the Second" but lamented that "there is perhaps too much disquisition and too little narrative". He went
1110:) was published in 1846, containing his ethical and historical dissertations, a number of essays on political and literary topics, reviews, and other contributions to periodical publications, and speeches on a variety of subjects delivered at the bar and in parliament.
1156:
A Discourse on the Study of the Law of Nature and
Nations; Introductory to a Course of Lectures on That Science Commenced in Lincoln's Inn Hall on Wednesday, February 13, 1799; In Pursuance to An Order of the Honourable Society of Lincoln's
247:
James was raised by his grandmother, and schooled at
Fortrose Seminary academy. At age thirteen he proclaimed himself a Whig, and during playtime he persuaded his friends to join him in debates modelled on those of the House of Commons.
511:
on the law of nature and nations, of which the introductory discourse was published and ran to several editions; the resulting fame helped open doors for him later in life. Mackintosh was also famed for his speech in 1803 defending
1946:
1951:
2016:
373:
claimed that had it not been for
Mackintosh's book, Burke's anti-revolutionary opinions would have become universal amongst the educated classes and that he ensured that he became "the apostle of liberalism".
1649:
A History of the Mason Lodge of
Holyrood House (St.Luke's), No.44, holding of the Grand Lodge of Scotland with Roll of Members, 1734–1934, by Robert Strathern Lindsay, W.S., Edinburgh, 1935. Vol.II, p.702.
1137:
Vindiciæ Gallicæ: A Defence of the French
Revolution and its English admirers against the accusations of the Right Hon. Edmund Burke, including some strictures on the late production of Mons de Calonne
286:. He was much more interested in these and other political events than in his professional prospects. He was also a founder member of the Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (later the
1400:. Kupferstich v. anonym aus London Magazine, 1761, 18 x 23,2 Zeigt das Gebiet Hamm, Lippstadt im Norden, die Ruhr im Süden mit Mülheim im Osten. Im Mittelpunkt Werl und Soest. Accessed 8 July 2022.
1062:. A history of England, written throughout in this manner, would be the most fascinating book in the language. It would be more in request at the circulating libraries than the last novel".
1086:
at the age of 66. A chicken bone became stuck in his throat, causing a traumatic choking episode. The bone was removed, but he died a month later on 30 May 1832. He was buried in
320:
finally decided him to give up the medical for the legal profession. He was called to the bar in 1795 and gained a considerable reputation there as well as a tolerable practice.
995:. The dissertation, written mostly in ill-health and in snatches of time taken from his parliamentary engagements, was published in 1831. It was severely attacked in 1835 by
1509:, it is by no means the most intellectually coherent and cogent". 'Revolution, war and the nation state: the British and French experiences 1789–1801', in Mark Philp (ed.),
1042:
1032:, for which he had done considerable research and collected a large amount of material, was not published till after his death. Mackintosh only completed it to the time of
1941:
1730:
1341:
334:
up to the spring of 1791. The excesses of the revolutionaries compelled him a few years later to oppose them and agree with Burke, but his earlier defence of the
316:. It placed the author in the front rank of European publicists, and won him the friendship of some of the most distinguished men of the time. The success of the
840:'s 'Plan of Parliamentary Reform' (1817) in the Edinburgh Review in 1818, and criticising the philosophy of human nature which underpinned the ideas of Bentham,
1661:
820:
Mackintosh's parliamentary career was marked by his liberalism: he opposed reactionary measures of the Tory government; he supported and later succeeded
236:. Both his parents were from old Highland families. His mother died while he was a child, and his father was frequently abroad, mainly due to the
1916:
1931:
1911:
1037:
232:). His mother was Marjory MacGillivray, a daughter of Alexander MacGillivray and his wife Anne Fraser, who was a sister to Brigadier-General
385:, he responded to compliments from French admirers of his defence of their revolution by saying: "Messieurs, vous m’avez si bien refuté".
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1216:
History of the
Revolution in England in 1688, prefaced by a notice of the Life, Writings and Speeches of Sir James Mackintosh
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722:
593:
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1996:
17:
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singled out Mackintosh's book as that which did most justice to the French Revolution, and he preferred it over Burke and
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1015:
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729:
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450:
1961:
1360:
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The Correspondence of Edmund Burke. Volume IX: Part One May 1796 – July 1797. Part Two: Additional and Undated Letters
1802:
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640:
570:
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420:
578:
428:
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791:
283:
1018:
since 1828, Mackintosh was appointed Commissioner for the affairs of India under the Whig administration of 1830.
908:
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607:
532:
457:
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is a valuable statement of the cultured Whig's point of view at the time. Mackintosh was the first to see Burke's
2001:
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at Haileybury. While there, on 12 August 1823, Mackintosh wrote a two-sheet letter from Cadogan Place, London to
38:
1587:
Conversation Sharp – The Biography of a London Gentleman, Richard Sharp (1759–1835), in Letters, Prose and Verse
1956:
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In 1797 Catherine died, and next year Mackintosh married Catherine Allen (died 6 May 1830), sister-in-law of
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Catherine Mackintosh (1795-18??) married Sir William Wiseman, 7th Baronet (1794–1845), and was the mother of
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718:
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439:
31:
1772:
J. G. A. Pocock, 'The Varieties of Whiggism from Exclusion to Reform: A History of Ideology and Discourse',
2011:
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1906:
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is unquestionably the raciest and best-known, but, in comparison with, for example, James Mackintosh's
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1036:'s abdication. However his voluminous notes on the Glorious Revolution came into the possession of
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1259:. His wife's prudence counteracted Mackintosh's own unpractical temperament, and his efforts in
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In London society, and in Paris during his occasional visits, he was a recognized favourite. On
1936:
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For an account of Mackintosh's correspondence and relationship with Sharp, see Knapman, D. –
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The speech was widely published in English and also across Europe in a French translation by
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1891:
1433:, Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, January 2010; accessed 16 September 2010.
521:
1618:
Hill, George Birkbeck Norman, 1835–1903. Johnsonian Miscellanies, extra-illustrated: Guide
836:, Mackintosh was disdainful of the Utilitarian approach to reform, launching an attack on
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1617:
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He was Initiated into Scottish Freemasonry in Lodge Holyrood House (St. Luke's), No.44, (
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on to praise Mackintosh: "We find in it the diligence, the accuracy, and the judgment of
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1029:
832:. His liberalism was, however, firmly Whiggish in orientation - alongside reformers like
237:
1009:
History of England from the Earliest Times to the Final Establishment of the Reformation
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Church and University in the Scottish Enlightenment: The Moderate Literati of Edinburgh
1749:
1398:
Plan of the Battle of Fellinghausen alias Kirch Denkern on the 15. and 16. of July 1761
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1288:
1788:
Riches and Poverty: An Intellectual History of Political Economy in Britain, 1750–1834
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L'armateur préféré de Beaumarchais Jean Peltier Dudoyer, de Nantes à l'Isle de France
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1350:
813:, known as "Conversation Sharp". and both men belonged to the Whig social group, the
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became fairly profitable. They had a son, who died in infancy, and three daughters:
1106:, was published in 1836. An edition of his works, in three volumes, (apart from the
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of the Revolution. Mackintosh's notes stopped in the year of 1701, where Macaulay's
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considers it "one of the best of the replies to Burke, in some respects superior to
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In 1789 Mackintosh married Catherine Stuart, whose brother Daniel later edited the
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358:, Mackintosh's book was the most successful reply to Burke and Burke's biographer
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1501:: "Burke's diatribe also brought forth a flood of responses of which Tom Paine's
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668:, where he became ill, was disappointed by his literary progress with the mooted
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1343:
Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002
271:. He participated to the full in the intellectual ferment, became friendly with
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1131:
Arguments Concerning the Constitutional right of Parliament to Appoint a Regent
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967:
837:
821:
809:'s visit to London he was able to keep up in talk with her. A close friend was
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Vindiciae Gallicae: A Defence of the French Revolution and its English Admirers
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1426:
275:, but did not quite neglect his medical studies, and took his degree in 1787.
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1726:
1721:
354:
1159:(2nd ed.). London: T.Cadell, Jun. and W. Davies in the Strand... 1799.
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in his efforts to reform the criminal code; and took a leading part both in
1947:
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies
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Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
180:. His studies and sympathies embraced many interests. He was trained as a
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Finlay, Christopher J. "Mackintosh, Sir James, of Kyllachy (1765–1832)".
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1739:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 259.
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Un journaliste contre-révolutionnairre Jean-Gabriel PELTIER (1760–1825)
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882: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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710: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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Committee members of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
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1303:. They had two sons, one of whom died in infancy, and two daughters:
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In 1788, Mackintosh moved to London, then agitated by the trial of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1444:
A Century of Work for Animals: The History of the RSPCA, 1824–1934
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From 1818-24, he was professor of law and general politics in the
224:, the son of Captain John Mackintosh of Kellachie (Kyllachy, near
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Sir John Malcolm and the Creation of British India, Chs. 1 &3
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advantages as we can have them". McDowell and Woods, pp. 204–205.
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1828 that he set about the first task of his literary ambition.
225:
653:
Upon being knighted, he was appointed Recorder (chief judge) of
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Frances Emma Elizabeth Mackintosh (Fanny) (1800–1889), married
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The Trial of Jean Peltier for Libel against Napoleon Buonaparte
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535:, who became a friend of Mackintosh. In 1803, he was knighted.
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Mackintosh was soon absorbed in the question of the time, the
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was named in his honour, by Henry Hellyer in November 1828.
1461:
Reflections on the Revolution in France. A Critical Edition
1178:
Proceedings at a General Meeting of the Loyal North Britons
169:
302:. In April 1791, after long meditation, he published his
1388:(Printed for the Author, Edinburgh, 1903), pages 372–373
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to resume political life under the wing of the dominant
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his greatest public efforts were his lectures (1799) at
1446:(London: John Murray, 1934), pp. 54-55. Shevawn Lynam,
172:(24 October 1765 – 30 May 1832) was a Scottish jurist,
1606:. Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University. 2021.
1535:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970), p. 193.
1513:(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002), p. 101.
672:, and was glad to leave for England in November 1811.
263:, later a famous preacher. In 1784, he began to study
1463:(Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001), p. 104.
1184:
Plan of a Comparative Vocabulary of Indian Languages
1640:(London: J. M. Dent & Sons, 1935), pp. 279–280.
1224:(edited by Robert James Mackintosh, 1835, 2 vols.:
962:asking for source material for Savage's edition of
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Scottish jurist, Whig politician and Whig historian
1942:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
1511:The French Revolution and British Popular Politics
1448:Humanity Dick Martin 'King of Connemara' 1754–1834
1413:(Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1989), p. 3.
1190:Dissertation on the Progress of Ethical Philosophy
987:Dissertation on the Progress of Ethical Philosophy
381:When Mackintosh visited Paris in 1802 during the
1883:
1489:(Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2006), p. 292, p. 347.
1812:, Paris, Sté des Études Robespierriestes, 1973.
1427:Mackintosh, Sir James, of Kyllachy (1765–1832)
790:party, despite prospects of office. He entered
1058:, united to the vivacity and the colouring of
794:in July 1813 as a Whig. He was the member for
1349:. The Royal Society of Edinburgh. July 2006.
1143:A Letter to the Right Honourable William Pitt
1665:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
1023:History of the Revolution in England in 1688
342:as "the manifesto of a counter revolution".
1149:A Letter from Earl Moira to Colonel McMahon
577:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
427:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
124:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
1743:
1638:Critical and Historical Essays: Volume One
1314:Robert Mackintosh (1803), died in infancy.
64:
1531:R. B. McDowell and John A. Woods (eds.),
1273:Maitland Mackintosh (1792–1861), married
989:, prefixed to the seventh edition of the
942:Learn how and when to remove this message
770:Learn how and when to remove this message
641:Learn how and when to remove this message
491:Learn how and when to remove this message
1725:
1476:(London: Penguin, 1997), p. 117, p. 184.
1442:Edward G. Fairholme and Wellesley Pain,
972:
1662:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1604:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
1431:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1003:. About the same time he wrote for the
675:
313:Reflections on the Revolution in France
14:
1884:
1450:(Dublin: Lilliput Press, 1989), p. 232
1421:
1419:
1082:Sir James Mackintosh died at home, 15
1917:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
1411:Sir James Mackintosh: The Whig Cicero
282:and the first lapse into insanity of
259:, where he made a lifelong friend of
1932:Rectors of the University of Glasgow
1912:Alumni of the University of Aberdeen
1699:, Vol. VIII – No. 3, 1985), page 162
1267:Mary Mackintosh (1789–1876) married
880:adding citations to reliable sources
851:
708:adding citations to reliable sources
679:
575:adding citations to reliable sources
542:
425:adding citations to reliable sources
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293:
147:Political philosopher and politician
30:For the New Zealand politician, see
1864:Rector of the University of Glasgow
1416:
977:Sir James Mackintosh in later life.
24:
1832:Works by or about James Mackintosh
1766:
1658:
1487:Edmund Burke. Volume II: 1784–1797
844:, and other leading Utilitarians.
538:
25:
2028:
1816:
1386:The Mackintoshes and Clan Chattan
782:Mackintosh declined the offer of
326:was the verdict of a philosophic
1902:19th-century Scottish historians
1713:
1281:Sir William Wiseman, 8th Baronet
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1616:Harvard College Library (2005)
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1492:
1323:(1806–1864), colonial governor.
867:needs additional citations for
798:until 1818, and afterwards for
695:needs additional citations for
240:– being wounded in 1761 at the
1797:, Éd. Coiffard, 2015, 340 p. (
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664:He was however not at home in
516:, a French refugee, against a
13:
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1706:
1295:, through whom he introduced
211:
32:James Mackintosh (politician)
1922:Fellows of the Royal Society
1774:Virtue, Commerce and History
1697:the Clan Chattan Association
1691:Peter McGillivray (article)
1679:UK public library membership
1317:Bessy Mackintosh (1804–1823)
1238:(edited by J. B. Hay, 1839).
1040:, who used them for his own
956:East India Company's College
847:
7:
1997:Scottish colonial officials
1636:Thomas Babington Macaulay,
1544:McDowell and Woods, p. 194.
1204:The Life of Sir Thomas More
10:
2033:
1553:Burke wrote to his friend
330:on the development of the
36:
29:
1962:People from Aberdeenshire
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1861:
1853:
1848:
1823:Works by James Mackintosh
1744:Harrington, Jack (2010),
1589:. , 2004. British Library
1384:Alexander M. Mackintosh,
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1038:Thomas Babington Macaulay
834:Thomas Babington Macaulay
659:Asiatic Society of Mumbai
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1623:2 September 2006 at the
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37:Not to be confused with
1874:Baron Brougham and Vaux
1841:Grand Lodge of Scotland
1736:Encyclopædia Britannica
1425:Christopher J. Finlay,
1321:Robert James Mackintosh
1297:Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1165:2027/osu.32435002314656
1104:Robert James Mackintosh
1074:) on 28 November 1785.
992:Encyclopædia Britannica
269:University of Edinburgh
242:Battle of Villinghausen
234:Simon Fraser of Balnain
216:Mackintosh was born at
188:, and worked also as a
138:University of Edinburgh
47:Robert James Mackintosh
2002:People from Nairnshire
1808:Hélène Maspéro-Clerc,
1693:Mackintosh in Tasmania
1671:10.1093/ref:odnb/17620
1459:J. C. D. Clark (ed.),
1210:The History of England
1001:Fragment on Mackintosh
978:
964:The History of Taunton
257:University of Aberdeen
134:University of Aberdeen
1957:People from Inverness
1793:Tugdual de Langlais,
1731:Mackintosh, Sir James
1212:(1830–1832, 3 vols.).
1084:Langham Place, London
976:
826:Catholic emancipation
876:improve this article
704:improve this article
676:Member of Parliament
571:improve this section
514:Jean Gabriel Peltier
421:improve this section
164:Sir James Mackintosh
70:Sir James Mackintosh
58:Sir James Mackintosh
18:Sir James Mackintosh
2012:Deaths from choking
1269:Claudius James Rich
1244:, 1787–1831 (1840).
1030:Glorious Revolution
1028:His history of the
1005:Cabinet Cyclopaedia
802:, till his death.
520:suit instigated by
251:He went in 1780 to
1907:Scottish essayists
1750:Palgrave Macmillan
1507:Vindiciae Gallicae
1309:Hensleigh Wedgwood
1108:History of England
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891:"James Mackintosh"
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670:History of England
590:"James Mackintosh"
440:"James Mackintosh"
324:Vindiciae Gallicae
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1879:
1871:Succeeded by
1849:Academic offices
1827:Project Gutenberg
1759:978-0-230-10885-1
1677:(Subscription or
1503:The Rights of Man
1474:Charles James Fox
1409:Patrick O'Leary,
1236:Inaugural Address
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230:Inverness-shire
220:, 7 miles from
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932:November 2022
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881:
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865:This section
863:
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693:This section
691:
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631:November 2022
623:
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580:
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556:This section
554:
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509:Lincoln's Inn
506:
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481:November 2022
473:
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441:
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430:
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416:
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411:
406:This section
404:
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395:
394:
386:
384:
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372:
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365:
364:Rights of Man
361:
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355:Rights of Man
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336:rights of man
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144:Occupation(s)
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55:
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44:
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33:
19:
2007:Whig history
1862:
1857:Lord Jeffrey
1809:
1794:
1787:
1780:
1779:R. B. Sher,
1773:
1748:, New York:
1745:
1734:
1695:(Journal of
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1499:Clive Emsley
1494:
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1485:F. P. Lock,
1481:
1473:
1468:
1460:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1430:
1410:
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1393:
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1380:
1368:. Retrieved
1361:the original
1342:
1336:
1301:Morning Post
1300:
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960:James Savage
953:
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874:Please help
869:verification
866:
819:
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781:
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702:Please help
697:verification
694:
669:
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628:
618:
611:
604:
597:
585:
569:Please help
557:
530:
526:First Consul
502:
487:
478:
468:
461:
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447:
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419:Please help
407:
380:
376:
368:
363:
353:
350:Thomas Paine
344:
339:
323:
322:
317:
311:
308:Edmund Burke
303:
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163:
162:
113:(1832-05-30)
51:
1897:1832 deaths
1892:1765 births
1198:archive.org
1090:on 4 June.
1066:Freemasonry
1050:also ends.
830:Reform Bill
828:and in the
340:Reflections
261:Robert Hall
202:philosopher
120:Citizenship
111:30 May 1832
1886:Categories
1868:1822–1824
1707:References
1681:required.)
1261:journalism
997:James Mill
902:newspapers
842:James Mill
792:Parliament
730:newspapers
601:newspapers
451:newspapers
360:F. P. Lock
284:George III
212:Early life
206:politician
190:journalist
102:, Scotland
88:1765-10-24
1289:Josiah II
1088:Hampstead
1072:Edinburgh
848:Professor
558:does not
408:does not
369:The poet
318:Vindiciae
222:Inverness
198:professor
186:barrister
130:Education
1621:Archived
1242:Speeches
1119:Tasmania
1034:James II
522:Napoleon
265:medicine
218:Aldourie
96:Aldourie
72:—by Sir
1834:at the
1790:(1996).
1783:(1985).
1776:(1985).
1724::
1370:19 July
1299:to the
1230:Vol. II
1222:Memoirs
1218:(1834).
1206:(1830).
1192:(1830,
1186:(1806).
1180:(1803).
1174:(1803).
1151:(1798).
1145:(1792).
1139:(1791).
1133:(1788).
1060:Southey
1048:History
1043:History
999:in his
916:scholar
744:scholar
615:scholar
579:removed
564:sources
524:– then
465:scholar
429:removed
414:sources
328:liberal
226:Tomatin
1801:
1756:
1718:
1675:
1353:
1249:Family
1226:Vol. I
1194:online
1094:Legacy
1056:Hallam
918:
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389:Lawyer
182:doctor
1364:(PDF)
1347:(PDF)
1328:Notes
1125:Works
1078:Death
923:JSTOR
909:books
796:Nairn
751:JSTOR
737:books
666:India
622:JSTOR
608:books
518:libel
503:As a
472:JSTOR
458:books
288:RSPCA
194:judge
45:, or
1799:ISBN
1754:ISBN
1372:2017
1351:ISBN
1291:and
1113:The
1100:Life
895:news
788:Tory
723:news
594:news
562:any
560:cite
444:news
412:any
410:cite
204:and
184:and
174:Whig
170:FRSE
156:Whig
108:Died
82:Born
1825:at
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1733:".
1667:doi
1161:hdl
1157:Inn
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