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Syllabus of Errors

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2190: 2228: 2218: 445:"he Pope is not concerned with a universal principle, but with the position in a particular state at a particular date. He is expressing his 'wonder and distress' (no more) that in a Catholic country (Spain) it should be proposed to disestablish the Church and to place any and every religion upon a precisely equal footing. Disestablishment and toleration were far from the normal practice of the day, whether in Protestant or in Catholic states." 2178: 22: 824: 2238: 2208: 618: 433:
which the Syllabus pointedly refers. Moreover, when we turn to those documents, which are authoritative, we find the Syllabus cannot even be called an echo of the Apostolic Voice; for, in matters in which wording is so important, it is not an exact transcript of the words of the Pope, in its account of the errors condemned, just as would be natural in what is an index for reference.
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The Syllabus then has no dogmatic force; it addresses us, not in its separate portions, but as a whole, and is to be received from the Pope by an act of obedience, not of faith, that obedience being shown by having recourse to the original and authoritative documents, (Allocutions and the like,) to
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The Syllabus is made up of phrases and paraphrases from earlier papal documents, along with index references to them, presenting a list of "condemned propositions". The Syllabus does not explain why each particular proposition is wrong, but cites earlier documents considering each subject.
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was widely misinterpreted by readers who did not have access to, or did not bother to check, the original documents of which it was a summary. The propositions listed had been condemned as erroneous opinions
467:("On the Church in Italy, Germany, and Switzerland"), which is often appended to the Syllabus, Pius expresses further thoughts in the same vein. The Pope particularly condemned the recent rise of 1118: 1750: 424:; without the original context, the document appeared to condemn a larger range of ideas than it actually did. Thus, it was asserted that no critical response to the 781: 383: 309: 2070: 291: 261: 860: 333: 297: 890: 351: 237: 1410: 315: 225: 267: 357: 345: 231: 1743: 394:
no one can now become convert without renouncing his moral and mental freedom, and placing his civil loyalty and duty at the mercy of another.
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was promulgated, a "Syllabus condemning the errors of the Modernists", being a list of errors made by Progressive scholars of
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could be valid, if it did not take into account the cited documents and their context. Newman writes:
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cites a number of previous documents that had been written during Pius's papacy. These include:
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THE CATHOLIC CHURCH in the MODERN WORLD: A Survey from the French Revolution to the Present
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The Vatican Decrees in Their Bearing on Civil Allegiance: a Political Expostulation
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The Vatican Decrees in their bearing on Civil Allegiance: A Political Expostulation
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Pio Nono: A Study in European Politics and Religion in the Nineteenth Century
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Kelly, Leo, and Benedetto Ojetti. "Concordat." The Catholic Encyclopedia
52:. It condemns a total of 80 propositions that the Pope considered to be 1656: 1141: 551: 463: 449:
Newman points out that this item refers to the 26 July 1855 allocution
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Shaw, Russell. "Syllabus of Errors still relevant 150 years later",
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Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Still River, Massachusetts)
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The Syllabus is divided into ten sections on the following topics:
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Vol. 4. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1908. 10 January 2019
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Slaves of the Immaculate Heart of Mary (Richmond, New Hampshire)
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Personal Apostolic Administration of Saint John Mary Vianney
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in the sense and context in which they originally occurred
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of Europe from the tradition of Catholic monarchies.
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Preconciliar rites after the Second Vatican Council
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and its relationship to the Catholic Church, #39–55
770:John Henry Newman's discussion of the Syllabus in 806:in the Catholic Encyclopedia (1912) newadvent.org 2256: 723:"Donoso Cortés y la preparación del "Syllabus"" 868: 779:The Syllabus, the Controversy, and the Context 33:is the name given to a document issued by the 1744: 1078:Institute of Christ the King Sovereign Priest 901:List of communities using the Tridentine Mass 854: 699:(in Italian). Giuseppe Armani. Milano: Kaos. 149:societies, a general condemnation, unnumbered 649: 45: 1751: 1737: 861: 847: 41:on 8 December 1864, as an appendix to his 1779:Historical-critical exegesis of the Bible 1679:Ukrainian Orthodox Greek Catholic Church 829:Quanta Cura & The Syllabus of Errors 744:"Quanta Cura and the Syllabus of Errors" 20: 1147:Latin Mass Society of England and Wales 682:The Catholic Church in the Modern World 194:of the pope in the Papal States, #75–76 2257: 1394:Operating with partial papal faculties 1282:Princess Elisabeth von Thurn und Taxis 1732: 1560:Congregation of Mary Immaculate Queen 842: 691: 678:, by E.E.Y. Hales (P.J. Kenedy, 1954) 597: 456: 2207: 2102:Fundamentalist–Modernist controversy 1068:Canons Regular of Saint John Cantius 461:In the 21 November 1873 encyclical, 16:1864 document issued by the Holy See 2237: 1287:Gloria, Princess of Thurn and Taxis 1137:Canons Regular of the New Jerusalem 788:In This Rock Magazine, January 2009 741: 13: 1436:Priestly Society of Saint Josaphat 1088:Priestly Fraternity of Saint Peter 1073:Fraternity of Saint Vincent Ferrer 669: 437:As the English Catholic historian 387:, in which he said that after the 156:and its rights, #19–38 (defending 14: 2301: 2043:Annales de philosophie chrétienne 810: 67:was intended to be a rebuttal of 2236: 2227: 2226: 2217: 2216: 2206: 2188: 2176: 1760:Modernism in the Catholic Church 1505:Orthodox Roman Catholic Movement 822: 775:volume 2 (1874) newmanreader.org 616: 441:explained, concerning item #77: 369: 204: 200:in every political form, #77–80. 2270:Catholic theology and doctrine 1967:Pontifical Biblical Commission 1794:Quest for the historical Jesus 1098:Sons of the Most Holy Redeemer 1083:Institute of the Good Shepherd 643: 628: 606: 591: 567: 539: 522: 1: 2021:José de Calasanz Vives y Tutó 515: 485:Classical Christian education 2001:Twenty-four Thomistic theses 1710:Rogelio del Rosario Martinez 1577:Society of Saint Pius V 1500:Istituto Mater Boni Consilii 1401:Society of Saint Pius X 1345:Bernard Tissier de Mallerais 398: 364: 7: 1406:Affiliated religious orders 1162:Tradition, Family, Property 1093:Servants of the Holy Family 987:Extra Ecclesiam nulla salus 832:public domain audiobook at 381:published a tract entitled 117:moderate rationalism, #8–14 10: 2306: 2026:Réginald Garrigou-Lagrange 1674:Palmarian Christian Church 1565:Most Holy Family Monastery 870:Traditionalist Catholicism 166:overthrown six years later 90: 2265:Documents of Pope Pius IX 2171: 2110: 2092: 2034: 1933: 1812: 1766: 1692: 1684:Apostles of Infinite Love 1666: 1655: 1585: 1552: 1543: 1513: 1492: 1483: 1453: 1426: 1386: 1375: 1366: 1310: 1197:Louis-Marie de Blignières 1182: 1175: 1127: 1111: 1053: 1040: 1010: 957: 883: 876: 792:Excerpt from Gladstone's 772:Difficulties of Anglicans 547:"The Syllabus of Pius IX" 2064:Revue du clergé français 1985:Pascendi Dominici gregis 1157:Notre-Dame de Chrétienté 971:Pascendi Dominici gregis 469:Spanish-style liberalism 376:Leader of the Opposition 2275:Modern history of Italy 2195:Vatican City portal 1638:Joaquín Sáenz y Arriaga 1466:Antônio de Castro Mayer 944:Liturgical use of Latin 742:Utt, Walter C. (1960). 493:Republicanism in France 2183:Catholicism portal 1991:Oath Against Modernism 1978:Lamentabili sane exitu 1018:Second Vatican Council 920:Pontifical Commission 817:The Syllabus of Errors 598:Hales, E.E.Y. (1958). 505:Lamentabili sane exitu 447: 435: 396: 85:political emancipation 46: 26: 25:Pope Pius IX, ca. 1864 2280:History of the papacy 1885:Marie-Joseph Lagrange 1875:Lucien Laberthonnière 1613:Martín Dávila Gandara 1431:Fraternité Notre-Dame 1335:Ginés Jesús Hernández 907:Quattuor abhinc annos 443: 430: 392: 374:In 1874, the British 310:Quibus luctuosissimis 24: 2290:1864 in Christianity 2016:Rafael Merry del Val 1915:Dalmace Sertillanges 1895:Eudoxe Irénée Mignot 1521:Guérard des Lauriers 1330:Alfonso de Galarreta 1313:but later reconciled 1277:Alexander Tschugguel 1272:Athanasius Schneider 1227:Maria-Anna Galitzine 949:Mass of Paul VI 936:Traditionis custodes 819:ewtn.com online text 784:6 April 2012 at the 650:Pope Pius X (1907). 495:, for unleashing "a 481:religious toleration 1870:Friedrich von Hügel 1705:Lucian Pulvermacher 1411:Canonical situation 1380:of papal legitimacy 1378:public renunciation 1376:Independent, but no 1212:Charles A. Coulombe 1023:Écône consecrations 929:Summorum Pontificum 804:A. Haag, "Syllabus" 727:fundacionspeiro.org 574:Francis A. Sullivan 292:Singularis nobisque 262:Meminit unusquisque 2163:Christoph Theobald 2143:François Laplanche 2050:La Justice sociale 1956:Syllabus of Errors 1784:Biblical inerrancy 1643:Francis Schuckardt 1471:Richard Williamson 1292:Carlo Maria Viganò 1237:Peter Joseph Jugis 994:Dignitatis humanae 978:Syllabus of Errors 729:(in Spanish). 1962 652:"Lamentabili Sane" 639:, 25 November 2014 510:biblical criticism 457:Subsequent history 334:Quanto conficiamur 298:Multis gravibusque 256:Nostis et nobiscum 244:Quanto conficiamur 185:Christian marriage 31:Syllabus of Errors 27: 2252: 2251: 2153:Jean-Marie Mayeur 2133:Étienne Fouilloux 2118:Giuseppe Alberigo 1996:Sodalitium Pianum 1855:Antonio Fogazzaro 1845:Ernesto Buonaiuti 1774:Biblical exegesis 1726: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1717: 1651: 1650: 1539: 1538: 1479: 1478: 1449: 1448: 1362: 1361: 1358: 1357: 1262:Roberto de Mattei 1247:Philippe Laguérie 1202:Raymond Leo Burke 1036: 1035: 697:Il sillabo e dopo 688:(Doubleday, 1958) 578:Creative Fidelity 413:John Henry Newman 379:William Gladstone 352:Quibusque vestrum 340:Jamdudum cernimus 304:Quibus quantisque 238:Multiplices inter 125:latitudinarianism 43:encyclical letter 2297: 2240: 2239: 2230: 2229: 2220: 2219: 2210: 2209: 2193: 2192: 2191: 2181: 2180: 1835:Joseph Bonsirven 1789:Synoptic problem 1753: 1746: 1739: 1730: 1729: 1664: 1663: 1550: 1549: 1490: 1489: 1485:Sedeprivationist 1391: 1390: 1384: 1383: 1373: 1372: 1180: 1179: 1051: 1050: 881: 880: 863: 856: 849: 840: 839: 826: 825: 766: 764: 762: 748: 738: 736: 734: 718: 663: 662: 660: 658: 647: 641: 632: 626: 620: 619: 610: 604: 603: 595: 589: 571: 565: 564: 562: 560: 543: 537: 526: 499:on the Church". 491:with mainstream 473:anti-clericalism 316:In consistoriali 226:Singulari quadam 179:Christian ethics 139:secret societies 77:moral relativism 51: 2305: 2304: 2300: 2299: 2298: 2296: 2295: 2294: 2255: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2189: 2187: 2175: 2167: 2138:Maurilio Guasco 2106: 2094: 2088: 2030: 2011:Umberto Benigni 1935: 1929: 1830:Maurice Blondel 1825:Pierre Batiffol 1820:Prosper Alfaric 1808: 1804:Social doctrine 1762: 1757: 1727: 1714: 1700:Joseph Odermatt 1688: 1658: 1647: 1598:Daniel Q. Brown 1581: 1535: 1509: 1475: 1461:Marcel Lefebvre 1445: 1422: 1379: 1377: 1368: 1354: 1312: 1306: 1252:Taylor Marshall 1187:Mother Angelica 1171: 1123: 1107: 1058: 1046:Catholic Church 1044: 1042: 1032: 1006: 953: 896:Tridentine Mass 872: 867: 823: 813: 786:Wayback Machine 760: 758: 746: 732: 730: 721: 707: 672: 670:Further reading 667: 666: 656: 654: 648: 644: 633: 629: 617: 611: 607: 596: 592: 572: 568: 558: 556: 545: 544: 540: 532:. Romae, 1864. 527: 523: 518: 459: 409:Félix Dupanloup 401: 372: 367: 207: 154:Catholic Church 143:Bible societies 110:, and absolute 93: 17: 12: 11: 5: 2303: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2285:1864 documents 2282: 2277: 2272: 2267: 2250: 2249: 2247: 2246: 2245: 2244: 2234: 2224: 2204: 2198: 2197: 2185: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2166: 2165: 2160: 2155: 2150: 2145: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2125: 2120: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2107: 2105: 2104: 2098: 2096: 2090: 2089: 2087: 2086: 2074: 2067: 2060: 2053: 2046: 2038: 2036: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2028: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2008: 2003: 1998: 1993: 1988: 1981: 1974: 1969: 1964: 1959: 1952: 1945: 1939: 1937: 1934:Anti-modernist 1931: 1930: 1928: 1927: 1925:George Tyrrell 1922: 1917: 1912: 1910:Fernand Portal 1907: 1902: 1897: 1892: 1887: 1882: 1880:Lucien Lacroix 1877: 1872: 1867: 1862: 1857: 1852: 1850:Louis Duchesne 1847: 1842: 1837: 1832: 1827: 1822: 1816: 1814: 1810: 1809: 1807: 1806: 1801: 1796: 1791: 1786: 1781: 1776: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1763: 1756: 1755: 1748: 1741: 1733: 1724: 1723: 1720: 1719: 1716: 1715: 1713: 1712: 1707: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1689: 1687: 1686: 1681: 1676: 1670: 1668: 1661: 1659:or Mysticalist 1653: 1652: 1649: 1648: 1646: 1645: 1640: 1635: 1633:Mark Pivarunas 1630: 1628:Clarence Kelly 1625: 1620: 1615: 1610: 1608:Anthony Cekada 1605: 1603:Moisés Carmona 1600: 1595: 1589: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1579: 1574: 1573: 1572: 1562: 1556: 1554: 1547: 1541: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1534: 1533: 1531:Donald Sanborn 1528: 1526:Robert McKenna 1523: 1517: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1508: 1507: 1502: 1496: 1494: 1487: 1481: 1480: 1477: 1476: 1474: 1473: 1468: 1463: 1457: 1455: 1451: 1450: 1447: 1446: 1444: 1443: 1438: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1423: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1408: 1397: 1395: 1388: 1381: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1353: 1352: 1347: 1342: 1340:Licínio Rangel 1337: 1332: 1327: 1325:Bernard Fellay 1322: 1320:Leonard Feeney 1316: 1314: 1311:Excommunicated 1308: 1307: 1305: 1304: 1302:John Zuhlsdorf 1299: 1294: 1289: 1284: 1279: 1274: 1269: 1267:Chad Ripperger 1264: 1259: 1257:Malachi Martin 1254: 1249: 1244: 1239: 1234: 1232:Wilhelm Imkamp 1229: 1224: 1219: 1217:Michael Davies 1214: 1209: 1204: 1199: 1194: 1192:Paul Aulagnier 1189: 1183: 1177: 1173: 1172: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1154: 1152:Militia Templi 1149: 1144: 1139: 1133: 1131: 1125: 1124: 1122: 1121: 1115: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1106: 1105: 1100: 1095: 1090: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1064: 1062: 1048: 1038: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1020: 1014: 1012: 1008: 1007: 1005: 1004: 1003: 1002: 997: 983: 982: 981: 974: 961: 959: 955: 954: 952: 951: 946: 941: 940: 939: 932: 925: 917: 910: 903: 898: 887: 885: 878: 874: 873: 866: 865: 858: 851: 843: 837: 836: 820: 812: 811:External links 809: 808: 807: 801: 789: 776: 767: 739: 719: 705: 693:Rossi, Ernesto 689: 679: 671: 668: 665: 664: 642: 627: 605: 590: 566: 538: 520: 519: 517: 514: 487:rooted in the 458: 455: 439:E. E. Y. Hales 415:said that the 400: 397: 371: 368: 366: 363: 268:Ad Apostolicae 206: 203: 202: 201: 195: 188: 182: 175: 169: 158:temporal power 150: 145:, and liberal 128: 121:indifferentism 118: 115: 92: 89: 81:secularization 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2302: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2281: 2278: 2276: 2273: 2271: 2268: 2266: 2263: 2262: 2260: 2243: 2235: 2233: 2225: 2223: 2215: 2214: 2213: 2205: 2203: 2200: 2199: 2196: 2186: 2184: 2179: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2156: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2146: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2126: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2109: 2103: 2100: 2099: 2097: 2091: 2084: 2083:Marc Sangnier 2080: 2079: 2075: 2073: 2072: 2071:Temps présent 2068: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2059: 2058: 2054: 2052: 2051: 2047: 2045: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2027: 2024: 2022: 2019: 2017: 2014: 2012: 2009: 2007: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1997: 1994: 1992: 1989: 1987: 1986: 1982: 1980: 1979: 1975: 1973: 1970: 1968: 1965: 1963: 1962:Pope Leo XIII 1960: 1958: 1957: 1953: 1951: 1950: 1946: 1944: 1941: 1940: 1938: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1921: 1920:Joseph Turmel 1918: 1916: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1906: 1903: 1901: 1898: 1896: 1893: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1881: 1878: 1876: 1873: 1871: 1868: 1866: 1865:Albert Houtin 1863: 1861: 1860:Marcel Hébert 1858: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1843: 1841: 1840:Henri Brémond 1838: 1836: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1826: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1802: 1800: 1797: 1795: 1792: 1790: 1787: 1785: 1782: 1780: 1777: 1775: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1765: 1761: 1754: 1749: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1711: 1708: 1706: 1703: 1701: 1698: 1697: 1695: 1691: 1685: 1682: 1680: 1677: 1675: 1672: 1671: 1669: 1665: 1662: 1660: 1654: 1644: 1641: 1639: 1636: 1634: 1631: 1629: 1626: 1624: 1623:Hutton Gibson 1621: 1619: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1609: 1606: 1604: 1601: 1599: 1596: 1594: 1591: 1590: 1588: 1584: 1578: 1575: 1571: 1568: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1561: 1558: 1557: 1555: 1551: 1548: 1546: 1545:Sedevacantist 1542: 1532: 1529: 1527: 1524: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1516: 1512: 1506: 1503: 1501: 1498: 1497: 1495: 1491: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1472: 1469: 1467: 1464: 1462: 1459: 1458: 1456: 1452: 1442: 1439: 1437: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1425: 1417: 1414: 1412: 1409: 1407: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1399: 1398: 1396: 1392: 1389: 1385: 1382: 1374: 1371: 1365: 1351: 1350:Ngô Đình Thục 1348: 1346: 1343: 1341: 1338: 1336: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1326: 1323: 1321: 1318: 1317: 1315: 1309: 1303: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1293: 1290: 1288: 1285: 1283: 1280: 1278: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1263: 1260: 1258: 1255: 1253: 1250: 1248: 1245: 1243: 1240: 1238: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1222:Gommar DePauw 1220: 1218: 1215: 1213: 1210: 1208: 1207:Gérard Calvet 1205: 1203: 1200: 1198: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1184: 1181: 1178: 1174: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1148: 1145: 1143: 1140: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1132: 1130: 1126: 1120: 1117: 1116: 1114: 1112:Jurisdictions 1110: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1091: 1089: 1086: 1084: 1081: 1079: 1076: 1074: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1063: 1061: 1056: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1039: 1029: 1026: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1016: 1015: 1013: 1009: 1001: 998: 996: 995: 991: 990: 989: 988: 984: 980: 979: 975: 973: 972: 968: 967: 966: 963: 962: 960: 956: 950: 947: 945: 942: 938: 937: 933: 931: 930: 926: 924: 923: 918: 916: 915: 911: 909: 908: 904: 902: 899: 897: 894: 893: 892: 889: 888: 886: 882: 879: 875: 871: 864: 859: 857: 852: 850: 845: 844: 841: 835: 831: 830: 821: 818: 815: 814: 805: 802: 800: 799:Victorian Web 796: 795: 790: 787: 783: 780: 777: 774: 773: 768: 756: 752: 745: 740: 728: 724: 720: 716: 712: 708: 706:88-7953-092-5 702: 698: 694: 690: 687: 683: 680: 677: 674: 673: 653: 646: 640: 638: 631: 624: 623:public domain 614: 609: 601: 594: 587: 586:0-8091-3644-9 583: 579: 575: 570: 554: 553: 548: 542: 535: 531: 528:Pius PP. IX. 525: 521: 513: 511: 507: 506: 500: 498: 497:ferocious war 494: 490: 486: 483:and allowing 482: 478: 477:South America 474: 470: 466: 465: 454: 452: 446: 442: 440: 434: 429: 427: 423: 418: 414: 410: 406: 395: 391: 390: 386: 385: 380: 377: 370:Non-Catholics 362: 360: 359: 358:Cum catholica 354: 353: 348: 347: 346:Novos et ante 342: 341: 336: 335: 330: 329: 324: 323: 318: 317: 312: 311: 306: 305: 300: 299: 294: 293: 288: 287: 282: 281: 276: 275: 270: 269: 264: 263: 258: 257: 252: 251: 246: 245: 240: 239: 234: 233: 232:Tuas libenter 228: 227: 222: 221:Maxima quidem 218: 217: 212: 205:Sources cited 199: 196: 193: 189: 186: 183: 180: 176: 173: 172:civil society 170: 167: 163: 159: 155: 151: 148: 144: 140: 136: 132: 129: 126: 122: 119: 116: 113: 109: 105: 102: 101: 100: 97: 88: 86: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 61: 59: 55: 50: 49: 44: 40: 36: 32: 23: 19: 2158:Émile Poulat 2128:Avery Dulles 2123:Pierre Colin 2076: 2069: 2062: 2057:La Quinzaine 2055: 2048: 2041: 2035:Publications 2006:Louis Billot 1983: 1976: 1955: 1954: 1947: 1943:Pope Pius IX 1900:Romolo Murri 1890:Alfred Loisy 1618:Daniel Dolan 1593:Oswald Baker 1129:Associations 992: 985: 977: 976: 969: 934: 927: 922:Ecclesia Dei 921: 914:Ecclesia Dei 912: 905: 828: 793: 771: 759:. 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Index


Holy See
Pope Pius IX
encyclical letter
Quanta cura
errors
heresies
liberalism
modernism
moral relativism
secularization
political emancipation
pantheism
naturalism
rationalism
indifferentism
latitudinarianism
socialism
communism
secret societies
Bible societies
clerical
Catholic Church
temporal power
Papal States
overthrown six years later
civil society
Christian ethics
Christian marriage
civil power

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