Stonewall Jackson - Knowledge

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the enemy's right, and you will perceive the great advantage of attacking down the Old turnpike instead of the Plank road, the enemy's lines being taken in reverse. Bring only one courier, as you will be in view from the top of the hill." Jackson assented, and I rapidly conducted him to the point of observation. There had been no change in the picture. I only knew Jackson slightly. I watched him closely as he gazed upon Howard's troops. It was then about 2 pm. His eyes burned with a brilliant glow, lighting up a sad face. His expression was one of intense interest, his face was colored slightly with the paint of approaching battle, and radiant at the success of his flank movement. To the remarks made to him while the unconscious line of blue was pointed out, he did not reply once during the five minutes he was on the hill, and yet his lips were moving. From what I have read and heard of Jackson since that day, I know now what he was doing then. Oh! "beware of rashness", General Hooker. Stonewall Jackson is praying in full view and in rear of your right flank! While talking to the Great God of Battles, how could he hear what a poor cavalryman was saying. "Tell General Rodes", said he, suddenly whirling his horse towards the courier, "to move across the Old plank road; halt when he gets to the Old turnpike, and I will join him there." One more look upon the Federal lines, and then he rode rapidly down the hill, his arms flapping to the motion of his horse, over whose head it seemed, good rider as he was, he would certainly go. I expected to be told I had made a valuable personal reconnaissance—saving the lives of many soldiers, and that Jackson was indebted to me to that amount at least. Perhaps I might have been a little chagrined at Jackson's silence, and hence commented inwardly and adversely upon his horsemanship. Alas! I had looked upon him for the last time.

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Upshur County. Julia moved to Fayette County with her other two children, Thomas and Laura. Julia remained in such poor health, and caring for the children was such a strain on her strength, that she agreed to let their Grandmother Jackson take them to her home in Lewis County, about four miles north of Weston, where she lived with her unmarried daughters and sons. One of these sons was sent to Fayette County to care for the children by the grandmother. When he arrived and the purpose of his visit was revealed, there was quite a commotion among the children, who were very reluctant to leave their mother. Thomas, now six years old, slipped away to the nearby woods, where he hid, only returning to the house at nightfall. After a day or two of coaxing and numerous bribes, the uncle finally persuaded the children to make the trip, which took several days, with the help of their mother. When they arrived at their destination, they became the pets of an indulgent grandmother, two maiden aunts, and several bachelor uncles, all of whom were known for their great kindness of heart and strong family attachment. Thomas and Laura were indulged in every way, and to an extent well calculated to spoil them. In August 1835, Thomas and Laura's grandmother died.

2361: 2330: 816: 2293: 5043: 2248: 1704: 1586: 1025:, taught with Jackson, as "he preferred that my labors should be given to the colored children, believing that it was more important and useful to put the strong hand of the Gospel under the ignorant African race, to lift them up". The pastor, Dr. William Spottswood White, described the relationship between Jackson and his Sunday afternoon students: "In their religious instruction he succeeded wonderfully. His discipline was systematic and firm, but very kind. ... His servants reverenced and loved him, as they would have done a brother or father. ... He was emphatically the black man's friend." He addressed his students by name and they referred to him as "Marse Major". 2266: 1610:. The Hotchkiss journal shows that Jackson, most likely, originally conceived the movement. In the journal entries for March 4 and 6, 1863, General Stuart tells Hotchkiss that "Jackson was entitled to all the credit" for the movement and that Lee thought the proposed movement "very hazardous" and "reluctantly consented" to the movement. At Manassas Junction, Jackson was able to capture all of the supplies of the Union Army depot. Then he had his troops destroy all of it, for it was the main depot for the Union Army. Jackson then retreated and then took up a defensive position and effectively invited Pope to assault him. On August 28–29, the start of the 796:

spent four years together at the Mill before being separated—Laura Ann was sent to live with her mother's family, Thomas to live with his Aunt Polly (his father's sister) and her husband, Isaac Brake, on a farm four miles from Clarksburg. Thomas was treated by Brake as an outsider and, having suffered verbal abuse for over a year, ran away from the family. When his cousin in Clarksburg urged him to return to Aunt Polly's, he replied, "Maybe I ought to, ma'am, but I am not going to." He walked eighteen miles through mountain wilderness to Jackson's Mill, where he was welcomed by his uncles and he remained there for the following seven years.

2217: 1254: had been overwhelmed, and he rode up to Jackson in despair, exclaiming, "They are beating us back!" "Then," said Jackson, "we will give them the bayonet!" As he rode back to his command, Bee exhorted his own troops to re-form by shouting, "There is Jackson standing like a stone wall. Let us determine to die here, and we will conquer. Rally behind the Virginians!" There is some controversy over Bee's statement and intent, which could not be clarified because he was killed almost immediately after speaking and none of his subordinate officers wrote reports of the battle. Major Burnett Rhett, chief of staff to General 1970: 1269:, stopped the Union assault and suffered more casualties than any other Southern brigade that day; Jackson has since then been generally known as Stonewall Jackson. During the battle, Jackson displayed a gesture common to him and held his left arm skyward with the palm facing forward – interpreted by his soldiers variously as an eccentricity or an entreaty to God for success in combat. His hand was struck by a bullet or a piece of shrapnel and he suffered a small loss of bone in his middle finger. He refused medical advice to have the finger amputated. After the battle, Jackson was promoted to 2345: 2232: 1396: 2384: 44: 1911: 1013: 1689:'s cavalry to provide for better reconnaissance regarding the exact location of the Union right and rear. The results were far better than even Jackson could have hoped. Fitzhugh Lee found the entire right side of the Federal lines in the middle of open field, guarded merely by two guns that faced westward, as well as the supplies and rear encampments. The men were eating and playing games in carefree fashion, completely unaware that an entire Confederate corps was less than a mile away. What happened next is given in Fitzhugh Lee's own words: 2278: 514: 2181:, was told by a local farmer that Stonewall Jackson's arm was buried nearby under a granite marker, to which Butler replied, "Bosh! I will take a squad of Marines and dig up that spot to prove you wrong!" Butler found the arm in a box under the marker. He later replaced the wooden box with a metal one, and reburied the arm. He left a plaque on the granite monument marking the burial place of Jackson's arm; the plaque is no longer on the marker but can be viewed at the Chancellorsville Battlefield visitor's center. 772: 1033:, accepted by Jackson from an aged widow and presented to his second wife, Mary Anna, as a welcome-home gift. After Jackson was shot at Chancellorsville, a slave "Jim Lewis, had stayed with Jackson in the small house as he lay dying". Mary Anna Jackson, in her 1895 memoir, said, "our servants ... without the firm guidance and restraint of their master, the excitement of the times proved so demoralizing to them that he deemed it best for me to provide them with good homes among the permanent residents". 1250:(First Manassas) on July 21, 1861. As the Confederate lines began to crumble under heavy Union assault, Jackson's brigade provided crucial reinforcements on Henry House Hill, demonstrating the discipline he instilled in his men. While under heavy fire for several continuous hours, Jackson received a wound, breaking the middle finger of his left hand about midway between the hand and knuckle, the ball passing on the side next to the index finger. The troops of South Carolina, commanded by Gen. 5032: 1571: 1056: 731:, on January 21, 1824. He was the third child of Julia Beckwith (née Neale) Jackson (1798–1831) and Jonathan Jackson (1790–1826), an attorney. Both of Jackson's parents were natives of Virginia. The family already had two young children and were living in Clarksburg, in what is now West Virginia, when Thomas was born. He was named for his maternal grandfather. There is some dispute about the actual location of Jackson's birth. A historical marker on the floodwall in 5353: 970: 8612: 5264: 2020: 1150: 2006:

horse that did not look much like a charger, unless it would be on hay or clover. He certainly made a poor figure on a horseback, with his stirrup leather six inches too short, putting his knees nearly level with his horse's back, and his heels turned out with his toes sticking behind his horse's foreshoulder. A sorry description of our most famous general, but a correct one." His horse was named "Little Sorrel" (also known as "Old Sorrel"), a small

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exploit the advantage Jackson had broached. In contrast to this display of strength of character, he obeyed what he also felt was a "bad order" when he raked a civilian throng with artillery fire after the Mexican authorities failed to surrender Mexico City at the hour demanded by the U.S. forces. The former episode, and later aggressive action against the retreating Mexican army, earned him field promotion to the brevet rank of major.

1305: 833:. She was so strident in her beliefs that she expressed mixed feelings upon hearing of Thomas's death. One Union officer said that she seemed depressed at hearing the news, but her Unionism was stronger than her family bonds. In a letter, he wrote that Laura had said that she "would rather know that he was dead than to have him a leader in the rebel army". Her Union sentiment also estranged her later from her husband, Jonathan Arnold. 2315: 1895:, has found that none of Jackson's contemporaries, including members of his staff, his friends, or his wife, recorded any unusual obsessions with lemons. Jackson thought of a lemon as a "rare treat ... enjoyed greatly whenever it could be obtained from the enemy's camp". Jackson was fond of all fruits, particularly peaches, "but he enjoyed with relish lemons, oranges, watermelons, apples, grapes, berries, or whatever was available". 1562:

the Seven Days are disputed, although a severe lack of sleep after the grueling march and railroad trip from the Shenandoah Valley was probably a significant factor. Both Jackson and his troops were completely exhausted. An explanation for this and other lapses by Jackson was tersely offered by his colleague and brother in-law General Daniel Harvey Hill: "Jackson's genius never shone when he was under the command of another."

1236: 5250: 1754: 860:, New York. Because of his inadequate schooling, he had difficulty with the entrance examinations and began his studies at the bottom of his class. Displaying a dogged determination that was to characterize his life, he became one of the hardest working cadets in the academy, and moved steadily up the academic rankings. Jackson graduated 17th out of 59 students in the Class of 1846. General 2360: 1685:. General Lee decided to employ a risky tactic to take the initiative and offensive away from Hooker's new southern thrust – he decided to divide his forces. Jackson and his entire corps went on an aggressive flanking maneuver to the right of the Union lines. While riding with his infantry in a wide berth well south and west of the Federal line of battle, Jackson employed Maj. Gen. 5038: 2398: 2115:(1915–1944), both graduated from West Point. The elder Christian was a career US Army officer who served during both World Wars and rose to the rank of brigadier general. Thomas Jonathan Jackson Christian's parents were William Edmund Christian and Julia Laura Christian. Julia was the daughter of Stonewall Jackson and his bride Mary Anna Morrison. 1637:(Sharpsburg). Antietam was primarily a defensive battle against superior odds, although McClellan failed to exploit his advantage. Jackson's men bore the brunt of the initial attacks on the northern end of the battlefield and, at the end of the day, successfully resisted a breakthrough on the southern end when Jackson's subordinate, Maj. Gen. 1533:. Reports had last placed Jackson's forces in the Shenandoah Valley; their presence near Richmond added greatly to the Union commander's overestimation of the strength and numbers of the forces before him. This proved a crucial factor in McClellan's decision to re-establish his base at a point many miles downstream from Richmond on the 1985:

actions were necessary to implement his end state requirements. Few of Lee's subsequent corps commanders had this ability. At Gettysburg, this resulted in lost opportunities. With a defeated and disorganized Union Army trying to regroup on high ground near town and vulnerable, Lee sent one of his new corps commanders,

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gelding which was a captured Union horse from a Connecticut farm. He rode Little Sorrel throughout the war, and was riding him when he was shot at Chancellorsville. Little Sorrel died at age 36 and is buried near a statue of Jackson on the parade grounds of VMI. (His mounted hide is on display in the

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Jackson held a lifelong belief that one of his arms was longer than the other, and thus usually held the "longer" arm up to equalize his circulation. He was described as a "champion sleeper", and occasionally even fell asleep with food in his mouth. Jackson suffered a number of ailments, for which he

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with the retort, "It's a damned Yankee trick! Fire!" A second volley was fired in response. Jackson was hit by three bullets: two in the left arm and one in the right hand. Several of Jackson's men and many horses were killed in the attack. Incoming artillery rounds and darkness led to confusion, and

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On August 30, Pope came to believe that Jackson was starting to retreat, and Longstreet took advantage of this by launching a massive assault on the Union army's left with over 25,000 men. Although the Union troops put up a furious defense, Pope's army was forced to retreat in a manner similar to the

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In 1830, Julia Neale Jackson remarried, against the wishes of her friends. Her new husband, Captain Blake B. Woodson, an attorney, did not like his stepchildren. Warren, Julia's eldest son, moved to live with his uncle Alfred Neale near Parkersburg, and at the age of sixteen, he was hired to teach in

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Jackson had a poor reputation as a horseman. One of his soldiers, Georgia volunteer William Andrews, wrote that Jackson was "a very ordinary looking man of medium size, his uniform badly soiled as though it had seen hard service. He wore a cap pulled down nearly to his nose and was riding a rawboned

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A few moments before he died he cried out in his delirium, 'Order A.P. Hill to prepare for action! Pass the infantry to the front rapidly! Tell Major Hawks—' then stopped, leaving the sentence unfinished. Presently a smile of ineffable sweetness spread itself over his pale face, and he said quietly,

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So impressed was I with my discovery, that I rode rapidly back to the point on the Plank road where I had left my cavalry, and back down the road Jackson was moving, until I met "Stonewall" himself. "General", said I, "if you will ride with me, halting your column here, out of sight, I will show you

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It was a classic military campaign of surprise and maneuver. Jackson pressed his army to travel 646 miles (1,040 km) in 48 days of marching and won five significant victories with a force of about 17,000 against a combined force of 60,000. Stonewall Jackson's reputation for moving his troops so

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and proceed immediately via Matamoros and Camargo to Monterey and then to Saltillo. Prior to the Battle of Buena Vista, Lieutenant Jackson's unit was ordered to withdraw from General Taylor's army and march to the mouth of the Rio Grande, where they would be transferred to Veracruz. He served at the

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in central West Virginia). Their older brother, Warren, went to live with other relatives on his mother's side of the family, but he later died of tuberculosis in 1841 at the age of twenty. Thomas and Laura Ann returned from Jackson's Mill in November 1831 to be at their dying mother's bedside. They

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Robert E. Lee could trust Jackson with deliberately undetailed orders that conveyed Lee's overall objectives, what modern doctrine calls the "end state". This was because Jackson had a talent for understanding Lee's sometimes unstated goals, and Lee trusted Jackson with the ability to take whatever

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that he had ordered from one of the best tailors in Richmond. Jackson's previous coat was threadbare and colorless from exposure to the elements, its buttons removed by admiring ladies. Jackson asked his staff to thank Stuart, saying that although the coat was too handsome for him, he would cherish

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Jackson participated in the futile, piecemeal frontal assaults against entrenched Union infantry and massed artillery, and suffered heavy casualties (but this was a problem for all of Lee's army in that ill-considered battle). The reasons for Jackson's sluggish and poorly coordinated actions during

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Jackson owned six slaves in the late 1850s. Three (Hetty, Cyrus, and George, a mother and two teenage sons) were received as part of the dowry at his marriage to Mary Anna Jackson. Another slave, Albert, requested that Jackson purchase him and allow him to work for his freedom; he was employed as a

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on March 6, 1826, with two-year-old Thomas at her bedside. His father also died of a typhoid fever on March 26, 1827, after nursing his daughter. Jackson's mother gave birth to his sister Laura Ann the day after Jackson's father died. Julia Jackson thus was widowed at 28 and was left with much debt

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of August 1862 this stereotype did not hold true. Longstreet commanded the Right Wing (later to become known as the First Corps) and Jackson commanded the Left Wing. Jackson started the campaign under Lee's orders with a sweeping flanking maneuver that placed his corps into the rear of Union Maj.

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The Civil War has sometimes been referred to as a war of "brother against brother", but in the case of the Jackson family, it was brother against sister. Laura Jackson Arnold was close to her brother Thomas until the Civil War period. As the war loomed, she became a staunch Unionist in a somewhat

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In command, Jackson was extremely secretive about his plans and extremely meticulous about military discipline. This secretive nature did not stand him in good stead with his subordinates, who were often not aware of his overall operational intentions until the last minute, and who complained of

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colonel, half soldier and half preacher". He memorized his lectures and then recited them to the class. Students who came to ask for help were given the same explanation as before. If a student asked for help a second time, Jackson simply repeated the explanation slower and more deliberately. In

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on September 13, 1847, he refused what he felt was a "bad order" to withdraw his troops. Confronted by his superior, he explained his rationale, claiming withdrawal was more hazardous than continuing his overmatched artillery duel. His judgment proved correct, and a relieving brigade was able to

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to provide him with pine knots in exchange for reading lessons; Thomas would stay up at night reading borrowed books by the light of those burning pine knots. Virginia law forbade teaching a slave, free black or mulatto to read or write; nevertheless, Jackson secretly taught the slave, as he had

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Farwell, p. xi, states that the overwhelmingly common usage of the middle name Jonathan was never documented and that Jackson did not acknowledge it; he instead used the signature form "T. J. Jackson." Robertson, p. 19, states that a county document on February 28, 1841, was the first recorded

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mourned the loss of both a friend and a trusted commander. As Jackson lay dying, Lee sent a message through Chaplain Lacy, saying: "Give General Jackson my affectionate regards, and say to him: he has lost his left arm but I my right." The night Lee learned of Jackson's death, he told his cook:

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Jackson immediately returned to his corps and arranged his divisions into a line of battle to charge directly into the oblivious Federal right. The Confederates marched silently until they were merely several hundred feet from the Union position, then released a cry and full charge. Many of the

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John and Elizabeth had eight children. Their second son was Edward Jackson (1759–1828), and Edward's third son was Jonathan Jackson, Thomas's father. Jonathan's mother died on April 17, 1796. Three years later, on October 13, 1799, his father married Elizabeth Wetherholt, and they had nine more

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and three young children (including the newborn). She sold the family's possessions to pay the debts. She declined family charity and moved into a small rented one-room house. Julia took in sewing and opened a private school to support herself and her three young children for about four years.

2459:, p. 316; Robertson, p. 7. The physician, Dr. James McCally, recalls delivering baby Thomas on January 20, 1809, just before midnight, but the family has insisted since then that he was born in the first minutes of January 21. The later date is the one generally acknowledged in biographies. 735:, claims that he was born in a cabin near that spot when his mother was visiting her parents who lived there. There are writings which indicate that in Jackson's early childhood, he was called "The Real Macaroni", though the origin of the nickname and whether it really existed are unclear. 1997:) be taken "if practicable". Without Jackson's intuitive grasp of Lee's orders or the instinct to take advantage of sudden tactical opportunities, Ewell chose not to attempt the assault, and this failure is considered by historians to be the greatest missed opportunity of the battle. 659:. Elizabeth, a strong, blonde woman almost 6 feet (180 cm) tall, born in London, was also convicted of felony larceny in an unrelated case for stealing 19 pieces of silver, jewelry, and fine lace, and received a similar sentence. They both were transported on the merchant ship 1391:

Jackson possessed the attributes to succeed against his poorly coordinated and sometimes timid opponents: a combination of great audacity, excellent knowledge and shrewd use of the terrain, and an uncommon ability to inspire his troops to great feats of marching and fighting.

1458:, ejecting him from the Valley. Lincoln decided that the defeat of Jackson was an immediate priority (though Jackson's orders were solely to keep Union forces occupied and away from Richmond). He ordered Irvin McDowell to send 20,000 men to Front Royal and Maj. Gen. 1846:

Jackson's sometimes unusual command style and personality traits, combined with his frequent success in battle, contribute to his legacy as one of the greatest generals of the Civil War. He was martial and stern in attitude and profoundly religious, a deacon in the

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wrote two books about her husband's life, including some of his letters. She never remarried, and was known as the "Widow of the Confederacy", living until 1915. His daughter Julia married, and bore children, but she died of typhoid fever at the age of 26 years.

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Jackson was not known to the white inhabitants of Lexington, instead mostly being known by many of the African Americans in town, both slaves and free blacks. In 1855, he organized Sunday School classes for blacks at the Presbyterian Church. His second wife,

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on March 23, 1862, when faulty intelligence led him to believe he was attacking a small detachment. But it became a strategic victory for the Confederacy, because his aggressiveness suggested that he possessed a much larger force, convincing President

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The following year, after giving birth to Thomas's half-brother Willam Wirt Woodson, Julia died of complications, leaving her three older children orphaned. Julia was buried in an unmarked grave in a homemade coffin in Westlake Cemetery along the

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waiter in one of the Lexington hotels and Jackson rented him to VMI. Amy also requested that Jackson purchase her from a public slave auction and she served the family as a cook and housekeeper. The sixth, Emma, was a four-year-old orphan with a

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in Company K of the 1st U.S. Artillery Regiment. His unit proceeded through Pennsylvania, down the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers to New Orleans, and from there the troops embarked for Point Isabel, Texas, from where they were sent to fight in the

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Jackson's fatal bullet was withdrawn, examined, and found to be 67 caliber (0.67 inches, 17 mm), a type in service with the Confederate forces. Union troops in the area were using 58 caliber balls. This was one of the first instances of

1101:. Mary Anna had a daughter named Mary Graham on April 30, 1858, but the baby died less than a month later. Another daughter was born in 1862, shortly before her father's death. The Jacksons named her Julia Laura, after his mother and sister. 803:, driving teams of oxen and helping harvest wheat and corn. Formal education was not easily obtained, but he attended school when and where he could. Much of Jackson's education was self-taught. He once made a deal with one of his uncle's 2247: 4860: 1669:

it as a souvenir. His staff insisted that he wear it to dinner, which caused scores of soldiers to rush to see him in uncharacteristic garb. Jackson was so embarrassed with the attention that he did not wear the new uniform for months.

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while in Lexington. Built in 1801, the brick town house at 8 East Washington Street was purchased by Jackson in 1859. He lived in it for two years before being called to serve in the Confederacy. Jackson never returned to his home.

9265: 4005: 3232:, ed., Make Me a Map of the Valley: the Civil War Journal of Jackson's Topographer, (Dallas 1973) pp. 117–18; and James I. Robertson, Jr., Stonewall Jackson: the Man, the Soldier, and the Legend, (New York 1997) p. 547, n130 p. 887 1552:

he failed to employ fording places to cross White Oak Swamp Creek, attempting for hours to rebuild a bridge, which limited his involvement to an ineffectual artillery duel and a missed opportunity to intervene decisively at the

1544:, but Jackson's own performance in those battles is generally considered to be poor. He arrived late at Mechanicsville and inexplicably ordered his men to bivouac for the night within clear earshot of the battle. He was late at 1924:

states that "Jackson was fanatical in his Presbyterian faith, and it energized his military thought and character. Theology was the only subject he genuinely enjoyed discussing. His dispatches invariably credited an ever-kind

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Jackson neither apologized for nor spoke in favor of the practice of slavery. He probably opposed the institution. Yet in his mind the Creator had sanctioned slavery, and man had no moral right to challenge its existence. The

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Robertson, pp. 108–10. He left the Army on March 21, 1851, but stayed on the rolls, officially on furlough, for nine months. His resignation took effect formally on February 2, 1852, and he joined the VMI faculty in August

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mistook the group for a Union cavalry force. The sentries shouted "Halt, who goes there?", but fired before evaluating the reply. Frantic shouts by Jackson's staff identifying the party were replied to by Major

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Thomas Jonathan Jackson was a great-grandson of John Jackson (1715/1719–1801) and Elizabeth Cummins (also known as Elizabeth Comings and Elizabeth Needles) (1723–1828). John Jackson was an Irish Protestant from

1660:, in what became a Confederate victory. Just before the battle, Jackson was delighted to receive a letter about the birth of his daughter, Julia Laura Jackson, on November 23. Also before the battle, Maj. Gen. 2537:

instance of Jackson's using a middle initial, although "whether it stood for his father Jonathan's name is not known." All of the other references to this article cite his full name as Thomas Jonathan Jackson.

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Lee wrote to Jackson after learning of his injuries, stating: "Could I have directed events, I would have chosen for the good of the country to be disabled in your stead." Jackson died of complications from

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suggests that Jackson was "a Christian soldier in every sense of the word". According to Robertson, Jackson "thought of the war as a religious crusade", and "viewed himself as an Old Testament warrior—like

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on June 17, 1861. Jackson continued to wear a blue Union Army uniform up to this point, having only access to his old VMI major's jacket, and would not be issued with a gray Confederate uniform until 1862.

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General "Stonewall" Jackson was badly wounded in the arm at the battles of Chancellorsville, and had his arm amputated. Jackson initially appeared to be healing, but he died from pneumonia on May 10, 1863.

4145: 4067: 1891:, wrote a passage in his war memoirs about Jackson eating lemons: "Where Jackson got his lemons 'no fellow could find out,' but he was rarely without one." However, recent research by his biographer, 1929:." According to Sears, "this fanatical religiosity had drawbacks. It warped Jackson's judgment of men, leading to poor appointments; it was said he preferred good Presbyterians to good soldiers." 1262:'s brigades while they were under heavy pressure. Those who subscribe to this opinion believe that Bee's statement was meant to be pejorative: "Look at Jackson standing there like a stone wall!" 4857: 1876:(1860) although with little evidence of success. Jackson also suffered a significant hearing loss in both of his ears as a result of his prior service in the U.S. Army as an artillery officer. 2292: 2196: 2231: 9235: 1593:

The military reputations of Lee's corps commanders are often characterized as Stonewall Jackson representing the audacious, offensive component of Lee's army, whereas his counterpart,

5706: 2299: 2162:'s Stonewall Jackson State Park is named in his honor. Nearby, at Stonewall Jackson's historical childhood home, his uncle's grist mill is the centerpiece of a historical site at the 1388:'s army threatened the Shenandoah Valley. Jackson was ordered by Richmond to operate in the Valley to defeat Banks's threat and prevent McDowell's troops from reinforcing McClellan. 8270: 1907:, suggested that "It was the fear of God which made him so fearless of all else." Jackson himself had said, "My religious belief teaches me to feel as safe in battle as in bed." 8589: 8416: 6131: 3713: 5699: 4041: 623: 2216: 9310: 9300: 8658: 5792: 1213: 3487: 1641:, arrived at the last minute from Harpers Ferry. The Confederate forces held their position, but the battle was extremely bloody for both sides, and Lee withdrew the 864:

later remembered that Jackson's peers at West Point had said of Jackson, "If the course had been one year longer he would have graduated at the head of his class".

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Federal soldiers were captured without a shot fired, the rest were driven into a full rout. Jackson pursued back toward the center of the Federal line until dusk.

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small division, Jackson increased his army to 17,000 men. He was still significantly outnumbered, but attacked portions of his divided enemy individually at

3311: 2148:", Jackson has been commemorated in numerous ways, including with statues, currency, and postage. A poem penned during the war soon became a popular song, " 799:

Cummins Jackson was strict with Thomas, who looked up to Cummins as a schoolteacher. Jackson helped around the farm, tending sheep with the assistance of a

9260: 8320: 8209: 8194: 6038: 5919: 5914: 9295: 9280: 7986: 7906: 6434: 2631: 1597:, more typically advocated and executed defensive strategies and tactics. Jackson has been described as the army's hammer, Longstreet its anvil. In the 6168: 2207: 2163: 1614:(Second Manassas), Pope launched repeated assaults against Jackson as Longstreet and the remainder of the army marched north to reach the battlefield. 2732: 8014: 3328: 2417: 1493:". He became the most celebrated soldier in the Confederacy (until he was eventually eclipsed by Lee) and lifted the morale of the Southern public. 1177:, prior to Virginia fully augmenting into forces of the Confederacy. After Jackson protested such a low rank, the Virginia Governor appointed him a 9245: 6429: 2632:"Was Stonewall Jackson born in Parkersburg? – NewsandSentinel.com | News, Sports, Jobs, Community Information – Parkersburg News and Sentinel" 2027: 1656:

Before the armies camped for winter, Jackson's Second Corps held off a strong Union assault against the right flank of the Confederate line at the

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General Jackson's "Chancellorsville" portrait, taken at a Spotsylvania County farm on April 26, 1863, seven days before he was wounded at the

1004:. In addition to working together on the VMI faculty, Preston taught Sunday School with Jackson and served on his staff during the Civil War. 8558: 7916: 7669: 7664: 7090: 1851:. One of his many nicknames was "Old Blue Lights", a term applied to a military man whose evangelical zeal burned with the intensity of the 1212:. Jackson became known for his relentless drilling of his troops; he believed discipline was vital to success on the battlefield. Following 984:

Jackson was disliked as a teacher, with his students nicknaming him "Tom Fool", believing that Jackson "could never be anything more than a

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after 1787. While the men were in the Army, Elizabeth converted their home to a haven, "Jackson's Fort", for refugees from Indian attacks.

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to report with the VMI cadet corps to Richmond and await further orders. Upon arrival, Jackson was appointed a Major of Engineers in the

9275: 8573: 8436: 8421: 6852: 6468: 5944: 5481: 3123:, vol. 1, p. 82; Robertson, p. 264. McPherson, p. 342, reports the quotation after "stone wall" as being "Rally around the Virginians!" 2422: 1278: 1205: 1196:

ordered Colonel Jackson to take command at Harpers Ferry, where he would assemble and command the unit which later gained fame as the "

8644: 8426: 8189: 8159: 7797: 7726: 6424: 6419: 4962: 3613: 1974: 542: 4901: 961:. Jackson and French disagreed often, and filed numerous complaints against each other. Jackson stayed in Florida less than a year. 8340: 8275: 6977: 6952: 6188: 6163: 6113: 6093: 3720: 2783: 2499: 1848: 1791: 1420:, subtracting about 50,000 soldiers from McClellan's invasion force. As it transpired, it was Jackson's only defeat in the Valley. 133: 4896: 4188:

Repairing the "March of Mars": The Civil War diaries of John Samuel Apperson, hospital steward in the Stonewall Brigade, 1861–1865

8543: 8518: 8234: 7931: 7827: 7679: 7012: 6892: 6103: 5342: 4389: 2223: 651:, Ireland. While living in London, England, he was convicted of the capital crime of larceny for stealing £170; the judge at the 247: 6902: 1399:

Historical marker marking the end of Gen. Stonewall Jackson's pursuit of the Federals after the Battle of McDowell, May 12, 1862

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at Harrison's Landing, essentially a retreat that ended the Peninsula Campaign and prolonged the war almost three more years.

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fame) prayed next to two portraits of Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson, whom he assumed were God and Jesus. He once told

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His last words, "Let us cross over the river, and rest under the shade of the trees" were the inspiration for the title of

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in the European Theater of Operations in World War II when he was killed in action in August 1944; his personal aircraft,

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Regardless of the controversy and the delay in relieving Bee, Jackson's brigade, which would thenceforth be known as the

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The Stonewall Brigade, Dedicated to the Memory of Stonewall Jackson, the Immortal Southern Hero, and His Brave Veterans

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As their mother's health continued to fail, Jackson and his sister Laura Ann were sent to live with their half-uncle,

671:. Although they were sent to different locations in Maryland for their bond service, the couple married in July 1755. 8568: 8451: 8441: 8169: 7765: 7659: 7536: 7033: 6997: 6917: 6857: 6837: 6832: 6827: 6782: 6213: 6205: 6083: 6027: 4820: 4773: 4675: 4508: 4464: 4352: 4215: 4195: 3470: 3425: 3141: 3056: 3012: 2922: 2865: 1787: 1440: 1352: 5195: 5190: 3225:"Origin of the Movement Around Pope's Army of Virginia, August 1862 by Michael Collie. Retrieved September 27, 2017 2977: 2606: 1334: 1043: 694:, including 3,000 acres (12 km) in Elizabeth's name. John and his two teenage sons were early recruits for the 8667: 6962: 6927: 6867: 6822: 5985: 2679:

Robertson, pp. 9–16. Robertson refers to multiple bachelor uncles in residence at the mill, but does not name them.

915: 752: 626:. After Jackson's death, his military exploits developed a legendary quality, becoming an important element of the 5154: 5011: 3837: 3785: 1707:

Lower right photograph of trees shattered by artillery shells near where Jackson was shot on the Orange Plank Road

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that occurred in 1863, although it was probably more of a grass-roots movement than a top-down revival. Jackson

9305: 8553: 7872: 7636: 6992: 6957: 6862: 6568: 6098: 5939: 5756: 4716: 3878:

Robert H. Patton, The Pattons: A Personal History of an American Family (New York: Crown Publishers, 1994), 90.

1703: 1585: 1330: 853: 830: 561: 440: 3297: 1879:

A recurring story concerns Jackson's love of lemons, which he allegedly gnawed whole to alleviate symptoms of

1774:

and with an expression, as if of relief, 'Let us cross over the river, and rest under the shade of the trees.'

1509:

on May 31 and June 1. After the Valley Campaign ended in mid-June, Jackson and his troops were called to join

8814: 7911: 7832: 7649: 7115: 6573: 6381: 3866: 2367: 2145: 1545: 1366: 1075: 756: 631: 534: 344: 981:(VMI). He became Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy, or Physics, and Instructor of Artillery. 545:

of the war until his death. Military historians regard him as one of the most gifted tactical commanders in

8184: 7926: 7716: 7691: 7403: 6478: 6183: 6123: 5959: 5898: 5432: 4840:

before-death-on-maryland Stonewall Jackson Original Letter as Lieutenant General, Near Fredericksburg, 1863

3809: 3144:. There are additional controversies about what Bee said and whether he said anything at all. See Freeman, 2189: 1780: 1603: 1170: 1134: 911: 307: 5513: 4879: 1200:", consisting of the 2nd, 4th, 5th, 27th, and 33rd Virginia Infantry regiments. These units were from the 606:

He performed exceptionally well in various campaigns over the next two years. On May 2, 1863, Jackson was

8615: 8363: 8114: 7951: 7941: 7936: 7894: 7318: 6617: 6068: 5978: 5934: 5853: 5639: 5327: 5076: 4978: 4553: 4146:"Washington National Cathedral to remove stained glass windows honoring Robert E. Lee, Stonewall Jackson" 2111:

Jackson's grandson and great-grandson, both namesakes, Thomas Jonathan Jackson Christian (1888–1952) and

1126: 978: 792: 577: 5691: 3918:

Eichelberger – Intrepidity, Iron Will, And Intellect: General Robert L. Eichelberger And Military Genius

2047:

Many theorists through the years have postulated that if Jackson had lived, Lee might have prevailed at

9315: 9230: 9205: 8949: 8506: 8094: 7921: 7804: 7782: 7711: 7626: 6687: 6488: 6366: 6348: 5949: 5741: 5567: 5508: 5502: 5457: 5442: 4906: 4206: 3449:

by Richard Blake (review no. 799). Retrieved December 24, 2011, at www.history.ac.uk/reviews/review/799

2351: 2203: 2149: 1799: 1697: 1678: 1598: 1530: 1455: 732: 695: 615: 416: 361: 339: 322: 20: 3585: 3325: 2941:

The Encyclopaedia Britannica : a dictionary of arts, sciences, literature and general information

1466:. If both forces could converge at Strasburg, Jackson's only escape route up the Valley would be cut. 8889: 8884: 8625: 8538: 8494: 8300: 8082: 7884: 7857: 7837: 7738: 7544: 7449: 6747: 6662: 6578: 6228: 6153: 5736: 5235: 5165: 2706: 2389: 2321: 2306: 2238: 1961:

notes that "no place existed in his Sunday schedule for labor, newspapers, or secular conversation".

1873: 1642: 1611: 1549: 1526: 1514: 1130: 993: 728: 691: 679: 381: 349: 312: 97: 3865:, pp. 233–34. Alternative theories about Gettysburg are prominent ideas in the literature about the 2414:, 1st Lt., W. Virginia Infantry, Union Army. (1923 quote recalling battle of Winchester, March 1862) 2206:

was unveiled on October 11, 1919, in Richmond, Virginia. It was removed on July 1, 2020, during the

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After the war, Jackson was briefly assigned to units in New York, and later to Florida during the

19:

This article is about the Confederate general. For the country music artist of the same name, see

9335: 9154: 8894: 8769: 8489: 8109: 8077: 8072: 7770: 7743: 7135: 6632: 6622: 6394: 6389: 6243: 5888: 5746: 5297: 4569: 4453: 4411: 4045: 3709: 1958: 1930: 1892: 1807: 1653:, being ranked just behind Lee and Longstreet and his command was redesignated the Second Corps. 1626: 1478: 1319: 1258:, claimed that Bee was angry at Jackson's failure to come immediately to the relief of Bee's and 1251: 1217: 1178: 1105: 1034: 997: 600: 588: 399: 327: 278: 178: 4852: 3623: 1969: 9139: 9069: 8984: 8474: 8174: 7748: 7338: 7175: 7150: 6682: 6583: 6498: 6238: 6147: 5827: 5803: 5761: 5680: 5675: 5669: 5384: 5096: 5066: 4704: 3618: 2153: 2071: 2034:

After the war, Jackson's wife and young daughter Julia moved from Lexington to North Carolina.

1954: 1558: 1534: 1463: 1083: 903: 354: 5352: 4884: 3646: 3359: 2912: 2177:

During a training exercise in Virginia by U.S. Marines in 1921, the Marine commander, General

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Calamity at Chancellorsville: The Wounding and Death of Confederate General Stonewall Jackson

4487: 4029: 3943: 3916: 3889: 3682: 3193: 2831: 2167: 1506: 1451: 1404: 1240: 926: 899: 788: 760: 584: 573: 317: 221: 3486:

Samaritan Medical Center (September 2008). "Stonewall Jackson and the Henderson Hydropath".

9215: 9210: 9119: 9029: 9009: 8954: 8844: 8548: 8400: 8373: 7842: 7621: 7604: 7261: 6757: 6742: 6737: 6707: 6692: 6672: 6290: 6194: 6078: 5766: 5521: 5230: 5086: 5071: 5061: 2565: 2087: 2063: 2048: 1630: 1518: 1470: 1282: 1166: 1118: 946: 857: 809: 675: 656: 4739:

The Last Days of Stonewall Jackson: The Mortal Wounding of the Confederacy's Greatest Icon

1664:, Lee's dashing and well-dressed cavalry commander, presented to Jackson a fine general's 690:. They began to acquire large parcels of virgin farming land near the present-day town of 8: 9134: 9104: 9014: 8989: 8929: 8869: 8819: 8804: 8533: 8325: 8214: 8088: 7733: 7686: 7433: 7393: 7378: 7271: 7120: 6792: 6752: 6627: 6588: 6558: 6513: 6473: 6073: 6063: 5548: 5374: 5091: 4990: 4690: 4647: 4514: 4150: 3539: 2185: 2119: 1904: 1795: 1428: 1395: 1373: 1369: 1270: 1060: 1030: 950: 895: 819:

First lieutenant Thomas J. Jackson sometime after West Point graduation in the late 1840s

687: 668: 387: 137: 2939: 2733:"Register of Officers and Graduates of the United States Military Academy Class of 1846" 599:

in July, providing crucial reinforcements and beating back a fierce Union assault. Thus

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The plantation office building where Stonewall Jackson died in Guinea Station, Virginia

1634: 1554: 1541: 1502: 1436: 1385: 1377: 1255: 1162: 1137:

on October 16. Major Jackson was placed in command of the artillery, consisting of two

1098: 934: 873: 861: 648: 565: 538: 404: 334: 268: 172: 154: 7353: 4384: 4092: 3757:, p. 517; Sears, p. 228; Trudeau, p. 253. Both Sears and Trudeau record "if possible". 1618:

embarrassing Union defeat at First Bull Run, fought on roughly the same battleground.

1459: 43: 9124: 9079: 8904: 8849: 8834: 8799: 8684: 8621: 7877: 7479: 7413: 7348: 7251: 7130: 6732: 6538: 6493: 6108: 5878: 5811: 5771: 5624: 5619: 5590: 5447: 5409: 5369: 5337: 4816: 4801: 4784: 4769: 4753: 4742: 4727: 4712: 4694: 4671: 4656: 4637: 4621: 4600: 4575: 4539: 4522: 4504: 4477: 4460: 4443: 4428: 4397: 4348: 4329: 4310: 4293: 4275: 4253: 4240: 4211: 4191: 4176: 4006:"Virginia Senate votes to eliminate Lee-Jackson Day, create new Election Day holiday" 3949: 3922: 3895: 3656: 3466: 3365: 3199: 3137: 2918: 2861: 2437: 2411: 2067: 2035: 1926: 1622: 1447: 1266: 1259: 1201: 1197: 1090: 1022: 1012: 958: 907: 891: 784: 611: 592: 478: 394: 300: 295: 287: 242: 218: 4668:

I Rode with Stonewall: The War Experiences of the Youngest Member of Jackson's Staff

4571:

Georgia boys with "Stonewall" Jackson: James Thomas Thompson and the Walton Infantry

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General James Longstreet: The Confederacy's Most Controversial Soldier: A Biography

4470: 4168: 4068:"UPDATE: Crews on scene preparing for removal of Jackson statue on Monument Avenue" 3581: 3303: 2403: 2094: 2055: 1986: 1921: 1869: 1742: 1607: 1594: 1443: 1424: 1186: 1182: 1129:

to provide an additional military presence at the hanging of militant abolitionist

1094: 707: 667:. John and Elizabeth met on board and were in love by the time the ship arrived at 420: 212: 118: 4490:. "Through a Glass, Darkly: How the Christian Right is Reimagining U.S. History." 4221: 2889: 1806:, (now preserved at the Fredericksburg National Battlefield) in the Wilderness of 9266:

Confederate States of America military personnel killed in the American Civil War

9184: 9179: 9164: 9099: 9049: 9034: 8944: 8924: 8759: 8744: 8709: 8563: 7852: 7701: 7594: 7474: 7469: 7464: 7454: 7423: 7333: 7276: 7266: 7225: 6253: 6223: 6043: 5848: 5634: 5496: 4891: 4864: 4846: 4795: 4685: 4650: 4615: 4393: 4267: 4263: 4246: 4232: 4228: 3969: 3813: 3460: 3332: 2855: 2835: 2757: 2366:

Jackson reading the Bible in a Confederate camp in a stained glass window of the

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The Colonel Lewis T. Moore house, which served as the Winchester Headquarters of

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In the spring of 1851, Jackson accepted a newly created teaching position at the

780: 513: 4427:. Oxford History of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. 3970:"Thomas Jonathan Christian Jackson Christian Jr: American Air Museum in Britain" 771: 9174: 9169: 9129: 9094: 9039: 8994: 8909: 8829: 8824: 8754: 8739: 7631: 7579: 7418: 7383: 7343: 7235: 7215: 7210: 7165: 6444: 6285: 6273: 5893: 5883: 5486: 4532: 4498: 4407: 4285: 3389: 2851: 2284: 2178: 2007: 1994: 1888: 1741:

amputated Jackson's left arm, and Jackson was moved to Fairfield plantation at

1738: 1718:

Fitzhugh Lee, address to the Association of the Army of Northern Virginia, 1879

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Details on John Jackson's larceny trial in the Court Records of the Old Bailey

3307: 1185:. Jackson then became a drill master for some of the many new recruits in the 9199: 9019: 8979: 8969: 8939: 8934: 8879: 8839: 8809: 8694: 7899: 7499: 7494: 7484: 7459: 7368: 7363: 7205: 7200: 7185: 7155: 7125: 6463: 6088: 5863: 5101: 5031: 3203: 2159: 2123: 2075: 1990: 1814: 1803: 1733: 1682: 1646: 1540:

Jackson's troops served well under Lee in the series of battles known as the

1529:, Jackson and his forces made a surprise appearance in front of McClellan at 1510: 1209: 1174: 1071: 989:

1856, a group of alumni attempted to have Jackson removed from his position.

938: 919: 739: 683: 627: 607: 557: 101: 4868: 4549: 2584: 1570: 9159: 9144: 9114: 9084: 9044: 9024: 9004: 8999: 8874: 8794: 8774: 8729: 8714: 8368: 8345: 8335: 8330: 7867: 7809: 7721: 7696: 7609: 7589: 7388: 7286: 5924: 5843: 4834: 4681: 3543:"True Courage: A Memorial Sermon for General Thomas J. "Stone-wall Jackson" 2059: 1865: 1686: 1490: 1193: 4660: 4625: 4604: 3060: 2699:"Laura Jackson Arnold: Sister of General Thomas Jonathan Stonewall Jackon" 1727:

As Jackson and his staff were returning to camp on May 2, sentries of the

1055: 812:. In his later years at Jackson's Mill, Thomas served as a schoolteacher. 9149: 9054: 8974: 8734: 8689: 7140: 6178: 6158: 5721: 5051: 4342: 4201: 3678:"The Great Harvest: Revival in the Confederate Army during the Civil War" 2254: 1943: 800: 4805: 4401: 4225:

Searching for Stonewall Jackson: A Quest for Legacy in a Divided America

3447:

Evangelicals in the Royal Navy, 1775–1815: Blue Lights and Psalm-Singers

2051:. Certainly Jackson's discipline and tactical sense were sorely missed. 1384:'s large corps was poised to hit Richmond from the north, and Maj. Gen. 969: 9109: 8899: 8779: 8679: 8523: 7398: 7160: 6361: 6356: 4376:. Louisville, Ky. : Prentice Press, Courier-Journal job Print. Co. 4357:

The 1900 version has an introduction by Field Marshal Viscount Wolseley

2574:. Jackson Hole: Jackson Hole Historical Society and Museum. p. 17. 2019: 1818:"William, I have lost my right arm", and, "I'm bleeding at the heart." 1665: 1638: 1149: 1079: 652: 541:. He played a prominent role in nearly all military engagements in the 435: 4686:

Rebel Yell: The Violence, Passion, and Redemption of Stonewall Jackson

2809:

Rebel Yell: The Violence, Passion, and Redemption of Stonewall Jackson

1769:

Dr. McGuire wrote an account of Jackson's final hours and last words:

1246:

Jackson rose to prominence and earned his most famous nickname at the

8959: 7787: 5970: 3652: 3465:. Franklin Lakes, New Jersey: The Career Press Inc. pp. 187–92. 1880: 1763: 1093:

was from North Carolina, where her father was the first president of

644: 619: 5559: 5282: 4500:

Destruction and Reconstruction: Personal Experiences of the Late War

3614:"Stonewall Jackson biographer says religion drove Civil War general" 2944:. Internet Archive. New York: Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 110. 1692: 1304: 941:, during which the Americans were attempting to force the remaining 603:

compared him to a "stone wall", which became his enduring nickname.

8859: 7792: 4364:

Inventing Stonewall Jackson: A Civil War Hero in History and Memory

2525:

Inventing Stonewall Jackson: A Civil War Hero in History and Memory

1486: 1469:

After a series of maneuvers, Jackson defeated Frémont's command at

1138: 942: 664: 583:

When Virginia seceded from the United States in May 1861 after the

553: 3891:

Eisenhower Between the Wars: The Making of a General and Statesman

1208:

throughout the first two years of the war, as well as counties in

1046:

was one who treated his servants fairly and humanely at all times.

4781:

Archaeology and Created Memory: Public History in a National Park

2486: 804: 4835:

Virginia Military Institute Archives Stonewall Jackson Resources

4813:

All Things for Good: The Steadfast Fidelity of Stonewall Jackson

3806: 1517:

in defense of the capital. By using a railroad tunnel under the

1161:

In April 1861, after Virginia seceded from the Union and as the

992:

The founder of VMI and one of its first two faculty members was

964: 808:

promised. Once literate, the young slave fled to Canada via the

8590:

List of films and television shows about the American Civil War

4042:"General Thomas J. (Stonewall) Jackson Equestrian, (sculpture)" 2978:"New Research Sheds Light On Slaves Owned By Stonewall Jackson" 2882:"Stonewall Jackson – Frequently Asked Questions – VMI Archives" 2572:

David E. Jackson: Field Captain of the Rocky Mountain Fur Trade

2241:; Jackson was the only general featured on Confederate currency 1939: 1790:

for the public to mourn, and he was then moved to be buried in

1753: 8666: 3945:

The Chesty Puller Paragon: Leadership Dogma Or Model Doctrine?

3941: 3838:"Stonewall Jackson FAQ – Virginia Military Institute Archives" 2164:

Jackson's Mill Center for Lifelong Learning and State 4-H Camp

1868:, popular in America at that time, visiting establishments at 1864:

sought relief via contemporary practices of his day including

1737:

Jackson was dropped from his stretcher while being evacuated.

1649:, ending the invasion. On October 10, Jackson was promoted to 1412:

to keep Banks' troops in the Valley and McDowell's 30,000-man

1235: 4030:

Virginia General Assembly SB 601 Legal holidays; Election Day

2917:. Winston-Salem, North Carolina: John F. Blair. p. 122. 1935: 1903:

Jackson's religion has often been discussed. His biographer,

1413: 6312: 1133:

on December 2, following his raid on the federal arsenal at

4815:. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House Publishing, 2004. 4093:"Stonewall Jackson removed from Richmond's Monument Avenue" 1066:

While an instructor at VMI in 1853, Thomas Jackson married

5037: 2184:

Beginning in 1904 the Commonwealth of Virginia celebrated

1973:

A portrait of Stonewall Jackson (1864, J. W. King) in the

1481:

on June 8–9. Union forces were withdrawn from the Valley.

4670:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1940. 4652:

Life of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson (Stonewall Jackson)

4636:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008. 4442:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001. 4274:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001. 3361:

Stonewall Jackson and religious faith in military command

766: 4173:

Lost Victories: The Military Genius of Stonewall Jackson

3485: 2762:(1st ed.). Longmans, Green and Company. p. 69. 1089:

After a tour of Europe, Jackson married again, in 1857.

9236:

American military personnel of the Mexican–American War

4355:. First published in 1898 by Longman, Greens, and Co. ( 3719:. Virginia Center for Civil War Studies. Archived from 3198:. Vol. II. New York: Longmans, Green. p. 17. 4885:

Animated history of the campaigns of Stonewall Jackson

4503:. Nashville, Tennessee: J.S. Sanders & Co., 2001. 4328:. 4 vols. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1934–35. 4250:

The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War

3302:(MS thesis thesis). Iowa State University. p. 6. 2784:"Before He Was 'Stonewall,' Jackson Served in Florida" 2118:

The younger Christian was a colonel in command of the

1826:

reported Jackson's death on May 23, 1863, as follows:

5723:

Frederick County, Virginia, in the American Civil War

4783:. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2000. 3914: 2519: 2517: 2222:

Robert E. Lee, Stonewal Jackson and Stratford Hall,

2130:, was one of the most photographed P-51s in the war. 2024:

General Lee's Last Visit to Stonewall Jackson's Grave

5920:

Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park

4634:

Shenandoah 1862: Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign

4066:

Times-Dispatch, MARK ROBINSON Richmond (July 2020).

3786:"Little Sorrel, Connecticut's Confederate War Horse" 3459:

Cartmell, Donald (2001). "The Legend of Stonewall".

3134:

The American Journey: A History of the United States

3011:

Palmer, Brian; Wessler, Seth Freed (December 2018).

2379: 1802:

by Jackson's chaplain (Beverly Tucker Lacy), at the

1565: 1181:

which in May 1861 was augmented to a Colonel in the

564:, graduating in the class of 1846. He served in the 4907:

Guinea Station, the place where Thomas Jackson died

4741:. El Dorado Hills, California: Savas Beatie, 2013. 4726:. El Dorado Hills, California: Savas Beatie, 2013. 4457:

Stonewall Jackson: The Man, The Soldier, The Legend

4290:

Stonewall: A Biography of General Thomas J. Jackson

2599: 2470:

Stonewall Jackson: The Man, the Soldier, the Legend

1074:, was president of Washington College (later named 686:) in 1758. In 1770, they moved farther west to the 537:general and military officer who served during the 4752: 3887: 3479: 2514: 618:to amputation. Weakened by his wounds, he died of 9311:People of West Virginia in the American Civil War 9301:Military personnel from Clarksburg, West Virginia 4614:; Hoge, Moses Drury; Jones, John William (1876). 3259:Foote, Shelby, The Civil War: A Narrative, Vol. 2 2418:List of American Civil War generals (Confederate) 9197: 8276:Confederate States presidential election of 1861 4902:Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters, Winchester, VA 4768:. Nashville, Tennessee: Cumberland House, 2002. 2726: 2724: 2144:As an important element of the ideology of the " 1629:, then hastened to join the rest of the army at 1097:. Her sister, Isabella Morrison, was married to 867: 4977: 4875:Fitzhugh Lee's 1879 address on Chancellorsville 2192:as a replacement holiday, effective July 2020. 1766:on May 10, 1863, eight days after he was shot. 1403:The campaign started with a tactical defeat at 8100:Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. 4610: 4065: 2860:. Texas A&M University Press. p. 77. 2433:Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials 1376:approached Richmond from the southeast in the 1231:Winchester, Virginia in the American Civil War 8652: 5986: 5707: 5575: 5343:Second Corps of the Army of Northern Virginia 5298: 4963: 3997: 3981: 3979: 3132:See, for instance, Goldfield, David, et al., 3010: 2721: 1173:, which was a short lived force commanded by 965:Lexington and the Virginia Military Institute 702:on October 7, 1780; John finished the war as 663:, which departed London in May 1749 with 150 4396:. 4 vols. New York: Century Co., 1884–1888. 4344:Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War 4190:. Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 2001. 3894:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 98–. 3299:Objective Analysis of Toolmarks in Forensics 3195:Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War 2759:Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War 1621:When Lee decided to invade the North in the 1112: 1050: 738:Thomas's sister Elizabeth (age six) died of 9261:Confederate States Army lieutenant generals 4800:. Philadelphia: G.W. Jacobs and Co., 1909. 4737:Mackowski, Chris, and Kristopher D. White. 3807:"Little Sorrel Buried at VMI July 20, 1997" 2354:in Richmond, Virginia being removed in 2020 1333:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1273:(October 7, 1861) and given command of the 1224: 1125:led a contingent of the VMI Cadet Corps to 953:, a small fort about thirty miles south of 885:. Jackson's unit was directed to report to 759:within the corporate limits of present-day 16:Confederate States Army general (1824–1863) 9296:Military personnel killed by friendly fire 9281:Hall of Fame for Great Americans inductees 8659: 8645: 5993: 5979: 5714: 5700: 5582: 5568: 5305: 5291: 4970: 4956: 3988: 3976: 3271: 1204:region of Virginia, where Jackson located 1000:, was the sister of Jackson's first wife, 945:to move west. He was stationed briefly at 918:. It was in Mexico that Jackson first met 560:), Jackson received an appointment to the 42: 4233:arrow-searchable & scrollable preview 4144:Boorstein, Michelle (September 6, 2017). 4143: 3826:Jackson, Mary Anna, Jackson Memoirs, 1895 3188: 3102: 3100: 2830: 2752: 2730: 1989:, discretionary orders that the heights ( 1353:Learn how and when to remove this message 823: 288: 6189:Treatment of slaves in the United States 4538:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1993. 4459:. New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1997. 4425:Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era 4366:(Louisiana State University Press, 2011) 4292:. New York: W. W. Norton and Co., 1993. 4252:. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. 4003: 3458: 2948: 2937: 2850: 2527:(Louisiana State University Press, 2011) 2018: 1968: 1909: 1752: 1702: 1691: 1584: 1569: 1394: 1234: 1148: 1117:In November 1859, at the request of the 1082:son on October 22, 1854, experiencing a 1054: 1011: 968: 949:before being named second-in-command at 836: 814: 770: 591:. He distinguished himself commanding a 533:(January 21, 1824 – May 10, 1863) was a 9246:American people of Scotch-Irish descent 7932:Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War 6104:South Carolina Declaration of Secession 5945:Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum 5328:Instructor, Virginia Military Institute 4617:Stonewall Jackson: A Military Biography 4574:. Athens: University of Georgia Press. 3942:Major Mickey L. Quintrall USAF (2015). 3568:Stonewall Jackson As Military Commander 2975: 2910: 2811:. New York: Scribner, 2014, pp. 110–18. 2781: 2423:Stonewall Jackson's Headquarters Museum 1037:wrote about Jackson's view on slavery: 727:Thomas Jackson was born in the town of 470: 1853; died 1854) 248:Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia 9198: 7917:Modern display of the Confederate flag 6000: 5777:Battle of Cedar Creek (or Belle Grove) 4867:, Southern Confederacy, May 12, 1863. 4655:. London: James Nisbet and Co., 1866. 4567: 4511:. First published 1879 by D. Appleton. 3714:"Stonewall Jackson: Christian Soldier" 3644: 3489:in Samaritan Medical Center Newsletter 3404:"Stonewall Jackson: Popular Questions" 3295: 3097: 2569: 2428:List of memorials to Stonewall Jackson 2188:; the observance was eliminated, with 2140:List of memorials to Stonewall Jackson 1798:. The arm that was amputated on May 2 1589:Montage of Thomas J. Jackson and staff 1165:broke out, Jackson was ordered by the 1157:T. J. "Stonewall" Jackson (photo 2007) 767:Working and teaching at Jackson's Mill 576:. From 1851 to 1861, he taught at the 421: 9326:United States Military Academy alumni 9291:Military personnel from West Virginia 8640: 8135: 7524: 7088: 6311: 6114:President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers 6012: 5974: 5695: 5589: 5563: 5312: 5286: 4951: 4758:The Life of General Thomas J. Jackson 4711:, Pelican Publishing Company, 1990,. 4620:. New York: D. Appleton and Company. 4307:Lee's Lieutenants: A Study in Command 4117: 3708: 3611: 3580: 3565: 2914:In the Footsteps of Stonewall Jackson 2208:2020–2021 United States racial unrest 2186:Jackson's birthday as a state holiday 2113:Thomas Jonathan Jackson Christian Jr. 2014: 1729:18th North Carolina Infantry Regiment 1633:, where they fought McClellan in the 1192:On April 27, 1861, Virginia Governor 852:In 1842, Jackson was accepted to the 729:Clarksburg, Harrison County, Virginia 622:eight days later. His death proved a 5249: 4386:Battles and Leaders of the Civil War 4309:. 3 vols. New York: Scribner, 1946. 4120:"When Dixie Put Slaves on the Money" 4004:Vozzella, Laura (January 21, 2020). 3357: 2886:Virginia Military Institute Archives 2782:Eiedson, George T. (June 13, 1993). 1915:Prayer in "Stonewall" Jackson's camp 1858: 1331:adding citations to reliable sources 1298: 1059:House owned by Stonewall Jackson in 843:Military career of Stonewall Jackson 674:The family migrated west across the 372:First Battle of Rappahannock Station 48:Portrait by Nathaniel Routzahn, 1862 9331:Virginia Military Institute faculty 8271:Committee on the Conduct of the War 7947:United Daughters of the Confederacy 5492:Stone Mountain Memorial half dollar 4869:Atlanta Historic Newspapers Archive 3675: 2705:. November 29, 2010. Archived from 2370:. The windows were removed in 2017. 2337:Washington-Wilkes Historical Museum 2271:Jackson on an 1863 Confederate loan 2197:Stone Mountain Memorial half-dollar 2100:Across the River and into the Trees 1783:derived from a firearm projectile. 1672: 13: 9241:American people of English descent 8341:U.S. Presidential Election of 1864 8136: 7680:impeachment managers investigation 6059:John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry 5935:Shenandoah Valley Civil War Museum 5798:John Brown's Raid on Harpers Ferry 4934:April 27, 1861 – October 28, 1861 4930:Commander of the Stonewall Brigade 4766:Stonewall Jackson's Book of Maxims 4560: 4476:. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2003. 4416:Southern Historical Society Papers 4210:. New York: Broadway Books, 1998. 4118:Levin, Kevin M. (April 21, 2016). 4034: 3538: 3182: 3054: 2066:"I will be your Jackson." General 1942:—who went into battle to slay the 1781:forensic ballistics identification 1288: 722: 706:and served as a lieutenant of the 624:severe setback for the Confederacy 25:Stonewall Jackson (disambiguation) 14: 9347: 9276:Deaths from pneumonia in Virginia 7766:Reconstruction military districts 6214:Abolitionism in the United States 6169:Plantations in the American South 6084:Origins of the American Civil War 5950:Third Winchester Battlefield Park 4828: 4521:. New York: HarperCollins, 2002. 3612:White, Davin (October 15, 2010). 3314:from the original on May 1, 2019. 2170:, serves as a special campus for 2133: 1981:being left out of key decisions. 1813:Upon hearing of Jackson's death, 1566:Second Bull Run to Fredericksburg 1086:an hour later that proved fatal. 8668:Hall of Fame for Great Americans 8620: 8611: 8610: 7749:Enforcement Act of February 1871 7722:Pulaski (Tennessee) riot of 1867 5351: 5263: 5262: 5248: 5041: 5036: 5030: 4519:Gettysburg: A Testing of Courage 3190:Henderson, George Francis Robert 3057:"Archibald Alexander Travelogue" 2976:Knadler, Jessie (May 15, 2018). 2754:Henderson, George Francis Robert 2483:The Possible Path of Barnard Bee 2396: 2382: 2359: 2343: 2328: 2313: 2291: 2276: 2264: 2246: 2230: 2215: 2195:Jackson is featured on the 1925 1964: 1841: 1521:and then transporting troops to 1303: 753:James River and Kanawha Turnpike 572:, distinguishing himself at the 512: 8534:New York City Gold Hoax of 1864 8396:When Johnny Comes Marching Home 7957:Wilmington insurrection of 1898 5930:Museum of the Shenandoah Valley 4137: 4111: 4085: 4059: 4023: 3962: 3948:. Lucknow Books. pp. 18–. 3935: 3908: 3881: 3872: 3855: 3830: 3819: 3800: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3747: 3738: 3702: 3669: 3638: 3605: 3574: 3559: 3532: 3523: 3514: 3452: 3439: 3418: 3396: 3378: 3351: 3342: 3318: 3289: 3280: 3262: 3253: 3244: 3235: 3219: 3210: 3169: 3160: 3151: 3126: 3113: 3092:West Virginia and the Civil War 3084: 3075: 3048: 3039: 3030: 3004: 2995: 2969: 2960: 2931: 2904: 2874: 2844: 2824: 2814: 2801: 2775: 2766: 2746: 2691: 2682: 2673: 2664: 2655: 2646: 2624: 2590: 2578: 2570:Talbot, Vivian Linford (1996). 2174:and the WVU Extension Service. 2000: 1951:Confederate States Army revival 1804:J. Horace Lacy house, "Ellwood" 1505:toward Richmond stalled at the 487: 467: 7637:Southern Homestead Act of 1866 5940:Stonewall Confederate Cemetery 4858:"Death of 'Stonewall' Jackson" 3921:. Verdun Press. pp. 21–. 3915:Major Matthew H. Fath (2015). 3495:. Vol. 42. Archived from 3296:Grieve, Taylor Nicole (2013). 3013:"The Costs of the Confederacy" 2558: 2549: 2540: 2530: 2492: 2475: 2462: 2449: 2320:Statue of Jackson in downtown 2106: 2078:idolized Jackson, and carried 1788:Governor's Mansion in Richmond 1557:, which was raging nearby. At 1216:on May 24, he was promoted to 854:United States Military Academy 562:United States Military Academy 552:Born in what was then part of 441:United States Military Academy 1: 9271:Deaths by firearm in Virginia 9226:Accidental deaths in Virginia 8052:Ladies' Memorial Associations 7754:Enforcement Act of April 1871 7650:Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 7525: 4871:. Digital Library of Georgia. 4849:Shapell Manuscript Foundation 4383:, and Clarence C. Buel, eds. 4347:. New York: Smithmark, 1995. 4161: 3406:. Virginia Military Institute 2502:. Virginia Military Institute 2368:Washington National Cathedral 2166:. The facility, located near 1855:used for night-time display. 1365:In the spring of 1862, Union 1214:raids on the B&O Railroad 1141:manned by twenty-one cadets. 1076:Washington and Lee University 957:. His commanding officer was 868:U.S. Army and the Mexican War 847: 717: 655:sentenced him to seven years 8185:Confederate revolving cannon 7927:Sons of Confederate Veterans 7798:South Carolina riots of 1876 7776:Indian Council at Fort Smith 7727:South Carolina riots of 1876 7692:Knights of the White Camelia 6184:Slavery in the United States 5960:Winchester National Cemetery 4412:"Death of Stonewall Jackson" 4373:Memoirs of Stonewall Jackson 4243:. Grand Central Publishing. 3385:"Death of Stonewall Jackson" 3175:See, for instance, Freeman, 3094:, History Press, 2011, pg.45 2500:"Stonewall Jackson Timeline" 1496: 1433:Edward "Allegheny" Johnson's 1179:Colonel of Virginia Infantry 1171:Provisional Army of Virginia 1144: 1106:the only house he ever owned 783:, who owned a grist mill in 7: 9321:United States Army officers 9286:People with hypochondriasis 8539:New York City riots of 1863 8364:Battle Hymn of the Republic 8115:United Confederate Veterans 7952:Children of the Confederacy 7942:United Confederate Veterans 7937:Southern Historical Society 7089: 6569:Price's Missouri Expedition 6039:Timeline leading to the War 6013: 5757:Battle of Rutherford's Farm 5747:Second Battle of Winchester 4980:Virginia Military Institute 4880:The Stonewall Jackson House 4554:Virginia Military Institute 4370:Jackson, Mary Anna (1895). 4369: 3888:Matthew F. Holland (2001). 3825: 3816:; Robertson, p. 922, n. 16. 3586:"Onward, Christian Soldier" 3566:Selby, John Millin (2000). 3462:The Civil War Book of Lists 2954: 2611:Virginia Military Institute 2375: 2283:Davis, Lee, and Jackson on 1898: 1831:DEATH OF STONEWALL JACKSON. 1810:, near the field hospital. 979:Virginia Military Institute 637: 578:Virginia Military Institute 10: 9352: 9221:19th-century Presbyterians 8950:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 8507:Confederate Secret Service 8095:Grand Army of the Republic 7987:Grand Army of the Republic 7805:Southern Claims Commission 5955:Winchester Medical College 5772:Third Battle of Winchester 5762:Second Battle of Kernstown 5742:First Battle of Winchester 5458:Battle of Chancellorsville 5443:Northern Virginia Campaign 4599:. New York: Morrow, 1959. 4440:Gettysburg – The First Day 4392:December 12, 2008, at the 3861:See, for instance, Sears, 3645:Duewel, Wesley L. (2010). 2607:"Jackson Family Genealogy" 2585:VMI Jackson genealogy site 2352:Stonewall Jackson Monument 2239:Confederate $ 500 banknote 2204:Stonewall Jackson Monument 2137: 1786:His body was moved to the 1698:Battle of Chancellorsville 1679:Battle of Chancellorsville 1599:Northern Virginia Campaign 1292: 1228: 1044:good Christian slaveholder 1007: 840: 733:Parkersburg, West Virginia 696:American Revolutionary War 417:Battle of Chancellorsville 362:Northern Virginia Campaign 345:Battle of Savage's Station 323:First Battle of Winchester 21:Stonewall Jackson (singer) 18: 9256:Army of Northern Virginia 8890:Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. 8885:Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. 8675: 8606: 8582: 8495:Confederate States dollar 8467: 8409: 8354: 8306:Habeas Corpus Act of 1863 8301:Emancipation Proclamation 8263: 8195:Medal of Honor recipients 8152: 8148: 8131: 8083:Confederate Memorial Hall 8065: 8044: 8002: 7974: 7965: 7885:Confederate Memorial Hall 7858:Confederate History Month 7838:Civil War Discovery Trail 7818: 7739:Habeas Corpus Act of 1867 7570: 7545:Reconstruction Amendments 7535: 7531: 7520: 7442: 7311: 7304: 7244: 7108: 7101: 7097: 7084: 7026: 6773: 6766: 6597: 6453: 6412: 6380: 6347: 6340: 6336: 6307: 6204: 6154:Emancipation Proclamation 6122: 6023: 6019: 6008: 5907: 5836: 5820: 5785: 5752:Battle of Snicker's Ferry 5737:First Battle of Kernstown 5729: 5648: 5597: 5541: 5466: 5418: 5393: 5360: 5349: 5333:Colonel, Virginia Militia 5320: 5244: 5236:John Thomas Lewis Preston 5209: 5166:United States v. Virginia 5140: 5110: 5050: 5028: 5000: 4987: 4936: 4927: 4919: 4914: 4890:December 4, 2014, at the 4845:February 1, 2014, at the 4764:Robertson, James I., Jr. 4381:Johnson, Robert Underwood 3812:October 20, 2016, at the 3445:Gareth Atkins, review of 3426:"Stonewall Jackson's Way" 3331:January 15, 2012, at the 2489:. Accessed July 12, 2011. 2390:American Civil War portal 2322:Clarksburg, West Virginia 2307:Charlottesville, Virginia 2042: 1975:National Portrait Gallery 1874:Round Hill, Massachusetts 1643:Army of Northern Virginia 1612:Second Battle of Bull Run 1527:Virginia Central Railroad 1515:Army of Northern Virginia 1113:John Brown raid aftermath 1051:Marriages and family life 1016:Stonewall Jackson in 1855 996:. Preston's second wife, 994:John Thomas Lewis Preston 906:, eventually earning two 508: 500: 446: 434: 382:Second Battle of Bull Run 350:Battle of White Oak Swamp 313:First Battle of Kernstown 308:Jackson's Valley Campaign 256: 235: 205: 188: 163: 144: 128: 108: 84: 61: 53: 41: 34: 9075:William Tecumseh Sherman 8765:George Washington Carver 8569:U.S. Sanitary Commission 8480:Battlefield preservation 8386:Marching Through Georgia 8311:Hampton Roads Conference 8286:Confiscation Act of 1862 8281:Confiscation Act of 1861 8057:U.S. national cemeteries 7863:Confederate Memorial Day 7848:Civil War Trails Program 7717:New Orleans riot of 1866 5869:Frederick W. M. Holliday 5793:Great Train Raid of 1861 5453:Battle of Fredericksburg 5428:First Battle of Manassas 5405:Great Train Raid of 1861 4568:Austin, Aurelia (1967). 4454:Robertson, James I., Jr. 4175:. New York: Holt, 1992, 3788:. ConnecticutHistory.org 3166:Robertson, pp. 263, 268. 2955:Jackson, Mary Anna, 1895 2564:Edward's second son was 2443: 2172:West Virginia University 1748: 1658:Battle of Fredericksburg 1485:rapidly earned them the 1248:First Battle of Bull Run 1225:First Battle of Bull Run 700:Battle of Kings Mountain 597:First Battle of Bull Run 412:Battle of Fredericksburg 367:Battle of Cedar Mountain 286:(First Manassas) ( 284:First Battle of Bull Run 279:Battle of Falling Waters 274:Great Train Raid of 1861 227:Lieutenant General (CSA) 23:. For other people, see 9155:John Greenleaf Whittier 8770:William Ellery Channing 8490:Confederate war finance 8110:Southern Cross of Honor 8078:1938 Gettysburg reunion 8073:1913 Gettysburg reunion 7771:Reconstruction Treaties 7744:Enforcement Act of 1870 7627:Freedman's Savings Bank 6244:Lane Debates on Slavery 6069:Lincoln–Douglas debates 5889:Cornelia Peake McDonald 5509:Stonewall Jackson's arm 5503:Stonewall Jackson's Way 5482:Winchester Headquarters 5475:Thomas Jonathan Jackson 4272:Civil War High Commands 4186:Apperson, John Samuel. 4072:Richmond Times-Dispatch 4046:Smithsonian Institution 3753:Pfanz, p. 344; Eicher, 3326:Stonewall Jackson's Arm 3136:, Prentice Hall, 1999, 2938:Chisholm, Hugh (1910). 2911:Johnson, Clint (2002). 2837:A Rebel's Recollections 2596:Talbot, op. cit., p. 18 2335:Bust of Jackson at the 2301:Thomas Jonathan Jackson 2156:is still active today. 2150:Stonewall Jackson's Way 2090:also idolized Jackson. 2086:with him on campaigns. 2074:his Stonewall Jackson. 1959:James I. Robertson, Jr. 1949:Jackson encouraged the 1931:James I. Robertson, Jr. 1893:James I. Robertson, Jr. 1883:(indigestion). General 1450:. He defeated Banks at 1252:Barnard Elliott Bee Jr. 998:Margaret Junkin Preston 959:Major William H. French 601:Barnard Elliott Bee Jr. 589:Confederate States Army 400:Battle of Harpers Ferry 340:Battle of Gaines's Mill 328:Battle of Port Republic 179:Confederate States Army 57:Thomas Jonathan Jackson 9251:American Presbyterians 9140:James McNeill Whistler 9070:Augustus Saint-Gaudens 8985:Matthew Fontaine Maury 8549:Richmond riots of 1863 8475:Baltimore riot of 1861 8255:U.S. Military Railroad 8175:Confederate Home Guard 7907:Historiographic issues 7873:Historical reenactment 6372:Revenue Cutter Service 6239:William Lloyd Garrison 6148:Dred Scott v. Sandford 5915:Belle Grove Plantation 5828:33rd Virginia Infantry 5804:Virginia v. John Brown 5681:33rd Virginia Infantry 5676:27th Virginia Infantry 5385:Battle for Mexico City 4863:July 20, 2011, at the 4853:Jackson genealogy site 4760:. Lippincott & Co. 4709:A Bullet for Stonewall 4550:Jackson genealogy site 4325:R. E. Lee, A Biography 3683:Religion & Liberty 3619:The Charleston Gazette 3358:Hall, Kenneth (2005). 3001:Robertson, pp. 191–92. 2888:. 2001. Archived from 2840:. Putnam. p. 152. 2832:Eggleston, George Cary 2481:Hamner, Christopher. " 2154:Stonewall Brigade Band 2072:Robert L. Eichelberger 2031: 1977: 1918: 1839: 1776: 1758: 1721: 1708: 1700: 1590: 1582: 1400: 1243: 1158: 1063: 1048: 1017: 974: 824:Brother against sister 820: 776: 355:Battle of Malvern Hill 9306:American slave owners 9090:Harriet Beecher Stowe 9060:Franklin D. Roosevelt 8790:James Fenimore Cooper 8750:William Cullen Bryant 8725:Alexander Graham Bell 8514:Great Revival of 1863 8391:Maryland, My Maryland 8180:Confederate railroads 7843:Civil War Roundtables 7712:Meridian riot of 1871 7707:Memphis riots of 1866 6264:George Luther Stearns 6249:Elijah Parish Lovejoy 6142:Crittenden Compromise 5786:Raids and expeditions 5666:5th Virginia Infantry 5661:4th Virginia Infantry 5656:2nd Virginia Infantry 5615:Charles Sidney Winder 5421:battles and campaigns 5398:raids and expeditions 5380:Battle of Chapultepec 3994:Horwitz, 1999, p. 232 3985:Farwell, 1993, p. 513 3726:on September 28, 2013 3148:, vol. 1, pp. 733–34. 3063:on September 14, 2005 2634:. NewsandSentinel.com 2237:Portrait on the 1864 2022: 1972: 1913: 1828: 1800:was buried separately 1771: 1756: 1710: 1706: 1695: 1588: 1573: 1507:Battle of Seven Pines 1398: 1293:Further information: 1241:Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau 1238: 1152: 1068:Elinor "Ellie" Junkin 1058: 1039: 1015: 972: 927:Battle of Chapultepec 837:Early military career 818: 774: 587:, Jackson joined the 585:Battle of Fort Sumter 574:Battle of Chapultepec 318:Battle of Front Royal 189:Years of service 9120:Booker T. Washington 9030:Alice Freeman Palmer 9010:William T. G. Morton 8955:James Russell Lowell 8401:Daar kom die Alibama 8316:National Union Party 7992:memorials to Lincoln 7912:Lost Cause mythology 7617:Eufaula riot of 1874 7605:Confederate refugees 6818:District of Columbia 6445:Union naval blockade 6291:Underground Railroad 6079:Nullification crisis 5767:Battle of Berryville 5362:Mexican–American War 5231:Francis Henney Smith 5201:Clubs and activities 4811:Wilkins, J. Steven. 4691:Simon & Schuster 4666:Douglas, Henry Kyd. 3286:McGuire, pp. 162–63. 3017:Smithsonian Magazine 2892:on December 31, 2006 2709:on December 23, 2010 2703:Civil War Women Blog 2566:David Edward Jackson 2468:James I. Robertson, 2088:Alexander Vandegrift 2084:biography of Jackson 2064:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1957:the Sunday Sabbath. 1631:Sharpsburg, Maryland 1519:Blue Ridge Mountains 1423:By adding Maj. Gen. 1327:improve this section 1167:Governor of Virginia 1119:governor of Virginia 883:Mexican–American War 810:Underground Railroad 680:Moorefield, Virginia 676:Blue Ridge Mountains 657:penal transportation 570:Mexican–American War 264:Mexican–American War 98:Clarksburg, Virginia 9135:George Westinghouse 9105:Henry David Thoreau 9015:John Lothrop Motley 8990:Albert A. Michelson 8870:Nathaniel Hawthorne 8820:Ralph Waldo Emerson 8805:James Buchanan Eads 8559:Supreme Court cases 8326:Radical Republicans 8105:Old soldiers' homes 8089:Confederate Veteran 8015:artworks in Capitol 7734:Reconstruction acts 7595:Colfax riot of 1873 6559:Richmond-Petersburg 6164:Fugitive slave laws 6094:Popular sovereignty 6074:Missouri Compromise 6064:Kansas-Nebraska Act 5375:Battle of Contreras 5092:Cormack Field House 4992:Lexington, Virginia 4515:Trudeau, Noah Andre 4422:McPherson, James M. 4340:Henderson, G. F. R. 4321:Freeman, Douglas S. 4304:Freeman, Douglas S. 4207:A Walk in the Woods 4151:The Washington Post 2555:Robertson, pp. 2–3. 2546:Robertson, pp. 1–2. 2487:Teachinghistory.org 2120:361st Fighter Group 1905:Robert Lewis Dabney 1887:, son of President 1849:Presbyterian Church 1796:Lexington, Virginia 1574:Jackson and Little 1374:Army of the Potomac 1370:George B. McClellan 1239:General Jackson by 1031:learning disability 894:and the battles of 669:Annapolis, Maryland 388:Battle of Chantilly 138:Lexington, Virginia 9065:Theodore Roosevelt 9005:Samuel F. B. Morse 8865:Alexander Hamilton 8810:Thomas Alva Edison 8720:Henry Ward Beecher 8705:John James Audubon 8380:A Lincoln Portrait 8321:Politicians killed 8245:U.S. Balloon Corps 8240:Union corps badges 8020:memorials to Davis 7890:Disenfranchisement 7761:Reconstruction era 7642:Timber Culture Act 7600:Compromise of 1877 6564:Franklin–Nashville 6234:Frederick Douglass 6137:Cornerstone Speech 6054:Compromise of 1850 6002:American Civil War 5908:Places and tourism 5610:Richard B. Garnett 5438:Seven Days Battles 5419:American Civil War 5395:American Civil War 5160:Admission of women 5097:Gray–Minor Stadium 4940:Richard B. Garnett 4754:Randolph, Sarah N. 4722:Lively, Mathew W. 4595:Chambers, Lenoir. 3775:Robertson, p. 230. 3766:Robertson, p. 499. 3744:Robertson, p. xiv. 3710:Robertson, James I 3591:The New York Times 3584:(March 16, 1997). 3348:Robertson, p. 746. 3324:Sorensen, James. " 3308:20.500.12876/27203 3250:Robertson, p. 630. 3241:Robertson, p. 645. 3230:Archie P. McDonald 3179:, vol. 2, p. 247. 3157:McPherson, p. 342. 3081:Robertson, p. 157. 3045:Robertson, p. 191. 2966:Robertson, p. 169. 2852:Vandiver, Frank E. 2587:; Robertson, p. 4. 2224:Army Issue of 1936 2054:As a boy, General 2032: 2015:Mourning his death 1978: 1919: 1792:Oak Grove Cemetery 1759: 1709: 1701: 1651:lieutenant general 1635:Battle of Antietam 1591: 1583: 1555:Battle of Glendale 1542:Seven Days Battles 1503:Peninsula Campaign 1401: 1386:Nathaniel P. Banks 1378:Peninsula Campaign 1256:Joseph E. Johnston 1244: 1163:American Civil War 1159: 1104:Jackson purchased 1099:Daniel Harvey Hill 1091:Mary Anna Morrison 1064: 1018: 975: 935:Second Interbellum 874:United States Army 872:Jackson began his 862:Daniel Harvey Hill 821: 787:(near present-day 777: 698:, fighting in the 649:County Londonderry 566:United States Army 539:American Civil War 405:Battle of Antietam 335:Seven Days Battles 269:American Civil War 173:United States Army 155:Confederate States 134:Oak Grove Cemetery 9316:Stonewall Brigade 9231:American amputees 9206:Stonewall Jackson 9193: 9192: 9125:George Washington 9080:John Philip Sousa 8915:Thomas J. Jackson 8905:Washington Irving 8850:William C. Gorgas 8835:Benjamin Franklin 8800:Charlotte Cushman 8685:John Quincy Adams 8634: 8633: 8602: 8601: 8598: 8597: 8432:Italian Americans 8417:African Americans 8374:John Brown's Body 8127: 8126: 8123: 8122: 8040: 8039: 7878:Robert E. Lee Day 7622:Freedmen's Bureau 7585:Brooks–Baxter War 7516: 7515: 7512: 7511: 7508: 7507: 7300: 7299: 7080: 7079: 7076: 7075: 7072: 7071: 6489:Northern Virginia 6435:Trans-Mississippi 6408: 6407: 6303: 6302: 6299: 6298: 6195:Uncle Tom's Cabin 6132:African Americans 5968: 5967: 5879:Mary Greenhow Lee 5874:Stonewall Jackson 5812:Romney Expedition 5689: 5688: 5625:Andrew J. Grigsby 5620:William S. Baylor 5605:Stonewall Jackson 5591:Stonewall Brigade 5557: 5556: 5532:Stonewall Jackson 5448:Maryland Campaign 5410:Romney Expedition 5370:Siege of Veracruz 5338:Stonewall Brigade 5314:Stonewall Jackson 5280: 5279: 5226:Stonewall Jackson 5017:Academic Programs 5012:Academic Rankings 4946: 4945: 4937:Succeeded by 4915:Military offices 4797:Stonewall Jackson 4789:978-0-306-46177-4 4779:Shackel, Paul A. 4747:978-1-61121-150-4 4732:978-1-61121-138-2 4699:978-1-4516-7328-9 4642:978-0-8078-3200-4 4612:Cooke, John Esten 4597:Stonewall Jackson 4544:978-0-671-70921-1 4527:978-0-06-019363-8 4497:Taylor, Richard. 4482:978-0-395-86761-7 4471:Sears, Stephen W. 4448:978-0-8078-2624-9 4433:978-0-19-503863-7 4362:Hettle, Wallace. 4334:978-0-684-15485-5 4315:978-0-684-85979-8 4298:978-0-393-31086-3 4280:978-0-8047-3641-1 4258:978-0-684-84944-7 4241:Publishers Weekly 4181:978-0-8050-1830-1 3955:978-1-78625-075-9 3928:978-1-78625-238-8 3901:978-0-275-96340-8 3626:on April 12, 2013 3582:Sears, Stephen W. 3540:Dabney, Robert L. 3529:Robertson, p. xi. 3502:on August 7, 2020 3339:, April/May 2005. 3337:American Heritage 3277:Robertson, p. 739 3268:Apperson, p. 430. 3146:Lee's Lieutenants 3121:Lee's Lieutenants 3055:Isbell, Sherman. 2772:Robertson, p. 69. 2688:Robertson, p. 17. 2670:Robertson, p. 10. 2438:Stonewall Brigade 2412:William B. Ebbert 2068:Douglas MacArthur 2036:Mary Anna Jackson 1955:strictly observed 1859:Physical ailments 1623:Maryland Campaign 1448:Robert C. Schenck 1439:, defeating both 1363: 1362: 1355: 1267:Stonewall Brigade 1260:Francis S. Bartow 1218:brigadier general 1202:Shenandoah Valley 1198:Stonewall Brigade 1023:Mary Anna Jackson 973:Stonewall Jackson 908:brevet promotions 892:Siege of Veracruz 878:second lieutenant 763:, West Virginia. 630:ideology of the " 608:accidentally shot 520: 519: 479:Mary Anna Jackson 395:Maryland Campaign 384:(Second Manassas) 301:Battle of Hancock 296:Romney Expedition 243:Stonewall Brigade 36:Stonewall Jackson 9343: 8965:Edward MacDowell 8920:Thomas Jefferson 8855:Ulysses S. Grant 8815:Jonathan Edwards 8785:Grover Cleveland 8700:Susan B. Anthony 8661: 8654: 8647: 8638: 8637: 8624: 8614: 8613: 8437:Native Americans 8422:German Americans 8215:Partisan rangers 8210:Official Records 8150: 8149: 8133: 8132: 8025:memorials to Lee 7972: 7971: 7533: 7532: 7522: 7521: 7309: 7308: 7106: 7105: 7099: 7098: 7086: 7085: 7059:Washington, D.C. 6853:Indian Territory 6813:Dakota Territory 6771: 6770: 6688:Chancellorsville 6479:Jackson's Valley 6469:Blockade runners 6345: 6344: 6338: 6337: 6309: 6308: 6269:Thaddeus Stevens 6259:Lysander Spooner 6219:Susan B. Anthony 6021: 6020: 6010: 6009: 5995: 5988: 5981: 5972: 5971: 5859:John A. Copeland 5716: 5709: 5702: 5693: 5692: 5630:Elisha F. Paxton 5584: 5577: 5570: 5561: 5560: 5355: 5307: 5300: 5293: 5284: 5283: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5258: 5252: 5251: 5213: 5143: 5114: 5054: 5045: 5040: 5034: 5022:Military Service 5004: 4993: 4981: 4972: 4965: 4958: 4949: 4948: 4920:Preceded by 4912: 4911: 4794:White, Henry A. 4761: 4632:Cozzens, Peter. 4629: 4592: 4590: 4588: 4494:, December 2006. 4438:Pfanz, Harry W. 4377: 4247:Eicher, David J. 4169:Alexander, Bevin 4156: 4155: 4141: 4135: 4134: 4132: 4130: 4115: 4109: 4108: 4106: 4104: 4089: 4083: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4063: 4057: 4056: 4054: 4052: 4038: 4032: 4027: 4021: 4020: 4018: 4016: 4001: 3995: 3992: 3986: 3983: 3974: 3973: 3966: 3960: 3959: 3939: 3933: 3932: 3912: 3906: 3905: 3885: 3879: 3876: 3870: 3859: 3853: 3852: 3850: 3848: 3834: 3828: 3823: 3817: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3795: 3793: 3782: 3776: 3773: 3767: 3764: 3758: 3751: 3745: 3742: 3736: 3735: 3733: 3731: 3725: 3718: 3706: 3700: 3699: 3697: 3695: 3673: 3667: 3666: 3642: 3636: 3635: 3633: 3631: 3622:. 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Walker 5593: 5588: 5558: 5553: 5549:Lee–Jackson Day 5537: 5497:Monument Avenue 5462: 5433:Valley Campaign 5420: 5414: 5397: 5389: 5356: 5347: 5316: 5311: 5281: 5276: 5268: 5254: 5240: 5211: 5205: 5141: 5136: 5112: 5106: 5052: 5046: 5035: 5026: 5002: 4996: 4991: 4983: 4979: 4976: 4942: 4933: 4925: 4892:Wayback Machine 4865:Wayback Machine 4847:Wayback Machine 4831: 4826: 4586: 4584: 4582: 4563: 4561:Further reading 4558: 4533:Wert, Jeffry D. 4408:McGuire, Hunter 4394:Wayback Machine 4268:David J. Eicher 4264:Eicher, John H. 4164: 4159: 4142: 4138: 4128: 4126: 4124:The Daily Beast 4116: 4112: 4102: 4100: 4091: 4090: 4086: 4076: 4074: 4064: 4060: 4050: 4048: 4040: 4039: 4035: 4028: 4024: 4014: 4012: 4010:Washington Post 4002: 3998: 3993: 3989: 3984: 3977: 3968: 3967: 3963: 3956: 3940: 3936: 3929: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3886: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3860: 3856: 3846: 3844: 3836: 3835: 3831: 3824: 3820: 3814:Wayback Machine 3805: 3801: 3791: 3789: 3784: 3783: 3779: 3774: 3770: 3765: 3761: 3752: 3748: 3743: 3739: 3729: 3727: 3723: 3716: 3707: 3703: 3693: 3691: 3676:Summers, Mark. 3674: 3670: 3663: 3655:. p. 128. 3643: 3639: 3629: 3627: 3610: 3606: 3596: 3594: 3579: 3575: 3564: 3560: 3550: 3548: 3545: 3537: 3533: 3528: 3524: 3519: 3515: 3505: 3503: 3499: 3492: 3484: 3480: 3473: 3457: 3453: 3444: 3440: 3430: 3428: 3424: 3423: 3419: 3409: 3407: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3383: 3379: 3372: 3356: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3333:Wayback Machine 3323: 3319: 3294: 3290: 3285: 3281: 3276: 3272: 3267: 3263: 3258: 3254: 3249: 3245: 3240: 3236: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3187: 3183: 3174: 3170: 3165: 3161: 3156: 3152: 3131: 3127: 3118: 3114: 3105: 3098: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3076: 3066: 3064: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3040: 3035: 3031: 3021: 3019: 3009: 3005: 3000: 2996: 2986: 2984: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2961: 2953: 2949: 2936: 2932: 2925: 2909: 2905: 2895: 2893: 2880: 2879: 2875: 2868: 2849: 2845: 2829: 2825: 2819: 2815: 2806: 2802: 2792: 2790: 2780: 2776: 2771: 2767: 2751: 2747: 2737: 2735: 2731:George Cullum. 2729: 2722: 2712: 2710: 2697: 2696: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2674: 2669: 2665: 2660: 2656: 2651: 2647: 2637: 2635: 2630: 2629: 2625: 2615: 2613: 2605: 2604: 2600: 2595: 2591: 2583: 2579: 2563: 2559: 2554: 2550: 2545: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2522: 2515: 2505: 2503: 2498: 2497: 2493: 2480: 2476: 2467: 2463: 2454: 2450: 2446: 2402: 2397: 2395: 2388: 2383: 2381: 2378: 2371: 2364: 2355: 2348: 2339: 2333: 2324: 2318: 2309: 2296: 2287: 2281: 2272: 2269: 2260: 2251: 2242: 2235: 2226: 2220: 2142: 2136: 2109: 2045: 2017: 2003: 1967: 1901: 1861: 1844: 1823:Harper's Weekly 1751: 1720: 1717: 1675: 1662:J. E. B. Stuart 1625:, Jackson took 1568: 1550:White Oak Swamp 1499: 1473:and Brig. Gen. 1460:John C. Frémont 1410:Abraham Lincoln 1359: 1348: 1342: 1339: 1324: 1308: 1297: 1295:Valley Campaign 1291: 1289:Valley Campaign 1275:Valley District 1233: 1227: 1147: 1115: 1053: 1035:James Robertson 1010: 967: 870: 850: 845: 839: 831:Harrison County 826: 781:Cummins Jackson 769: 725: 723:Early childhood 720: 678:to settle near 640: 610:by Confederate 543:Eastern theater 523:Thomas Jonathan 496: 493: 490: 1857) 485: 481: 473: 465: 461: 458: 430: 252: 231: 201: 198:1861–1863 (CSA) 195:1846–1852 (USA) 184: 159: 140: 136: 117: 113: 96: 90: 88: 80: 49: 37: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 9349: 9339: 9338: 9336:Stone Mountain 9333: 9328: 9323: 9318: 9313: 9308: 9303: 9298: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9263: 9258: 9253: 9248: 9243: 9238: 9233: 9228: 9223: 9218: 9213: 9208: 9191: 9190: 9188: 9187: 9182: 9180:Orville Wright 9177: 9175:Woodrow Wilson 9172: 9170:Roger Williams 9167: 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9142: 9137: 9132: 9130:Daniel Webster 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9107: 9102: 9097: 9095:Gilbert Stuart 9092: 9087: 9082: 9077: 9072: 9067: 9062: 9057: 9052: 9047: 9042: 9040:George Peabody 9037: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9017: 9012: 9007: 9002: 8997: 8995:Maria Mitchell 8992: 8987: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8910:Andrew Jackson 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8830:Stephen Foster 8827: 8825:David Farragut 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8755:Luther Burbank 8752: 8747: 8742: 8740:Louis Brandeis 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8676: 8673: 8672: 8664: 8663: 8656: 8649: 8641: 8632: 8631: 8629: 8628: 8618: 8607: 8604: 8603: 8600: 8599: 8596: 8595: 8593: 8592: 8586: 8584: 8580: 8579: 8577: 8576: 8574:Women soldiers 8571: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8551: 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8529:Naming the war 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8510: 8509: 8499: 8498: 8497: 8487: 8482: 8477: 8471: 8469: 8465: 8464: 8462: 8461: 8460: 8459: 8454: 8449: 8444: 8434: 8429: 8424: 8419: 8413: 8411: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8360: 8358: 8352: 8351: 8349: 8348: 8343: 8338: 8333: 8328: 8323: 8318: 8313: 8308: 8303: 8298: 8293: 8288: 8283: 8278: 8273: 8267: 8265: 8261: 8260: 8258: 8257: 8252: 8247: 8242: 8237: 8232: 8227: 8222: 8217: 8212: 8207: 8202: 8197: 8192: 8187: 8182: 8177: 8172: 8167: 8165:Campaign Medal 8162: 8156: 8154: 8146: 8145: 8142: 8141: 8140:Related topics 8137: 8129: 8128: 8125: 8124: 8121: 8120: 8118: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8085: 8080: 8075: 8069: 8067: 8063: 8062: 8060: 8059: 8054: 8048: 8046: 8042: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8035: 8034: 8029: 8028: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8006: 8004: 8000: 7999: 7997: 7996: 7995: 7994: 7989: 7978: 7976: 7969: 7963: 7962: 7960: 7959: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7939: 7934: 7929: 7924: 7919: 7914: 7909: 7904: 7903: 7902: 7897: 7887: 7882: 7881: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7868:Decoration Day 7865: 7860: 7855: 7850: 7845: 7840: 7835: 7824: 7822: 7821:Reconstruction 7816: 7815: 7813: 7812: 7807: 7802: 7801: 7800: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7779: 7778: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7757: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7724: 7719: 7714: 7709: 7699: 7694: 7689: 7684: 7683: 7682: 7677: 7675:second inquiry 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7647: 7646: 7645: 7639: 7632:Homestead Acts 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7613: 7612: 7602: 7597: 7592: 7587: 7582: 7580:Alabama Claims 7576: 7574: 7572:Reconstruction 7568: 7567: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7562: 7560:15th Amendment 7557: 7555:14th Amendment 7552: 7550:13th Amendment 7541: 7539: 7529: 7528: 7518: 7517: 7514: 7513: 7510: 7509: 7506: 7505: 7503: 7502: 7497: 7492: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7467: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7446: 7444: 7440: 7439: 7437: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7421: 7416: 7411: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7381: 7376: 7371: 7366: 7361: 7356: 7351: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7315: 7313: 7306: 7302: 7301: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7289: 7284: 7279: 7274: 7269: 7264: 7259: 7254: 7248: 7246: 7242: 7241: 7239: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7181:J. E. Johnston 7178: 7176:A. S. Johnston 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7116:R. H. Anderson 7112: 7110: 7103: 7095: 7094: 7082: 7081: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7070: 7069: 7067: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7030: 7028: 7024: 7023: 7021: 7020: 7015: 7010: 7005: 7000: 6995: 6990: 6985: 6980: 6978:South Carolina 6975: 6970: 6965: 6960: 6955: 6953:North Carolina 6950: 6945: 6940: 6935: 6930: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6910: 6905: 6900: 6895: 6890: 6885: 6880: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6855: 6850: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6830: 6825: 6820: 6815: 6810: 6805: 6800: 6795: 6790: 6785: 6779: 6777: 6768: 6764: 6763: 6761: 6760: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6710: 6705: 6700: 6695: 6690: 6685: 6680: 6678:Fredericksburg 6675: 6670: 6665: 6660: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6625: 6620: 6618:Wilson's Creek 6615: 6610: 6604: 6602: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6566: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6531: 6526: 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6491: 6486: 6481: 6476: 6471: 6466: 6460: 6458: 6451: 6450: 6448: 6447: 6442: 6437: 6432: 6430:Lower Seaboard 6427: 6422: 6416: 6414: 6410: 6409: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6402: 6397: 6392: 6386: 6384: 6378: 6377: 6375: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6353: 6351: 6342: 6334: 6333: 6330: 6329: 6326: 6323: 6320: 6317: 6313: 6305: 6304: 6301: 6300: 6297: 6296: 6294: 6293: 6288: 6286:Harriet Tubman 6283: 6282: 6281: 6274:Charles Sumner 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6210: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6191: 6186: 6181: 6176: 6171: 6166: 6161: 6156: 6151: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6128: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6116: 6111: 6109:States' rights 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6071: 6066: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6035: 6033: 6031: 6030: 6024: 6017: 6016: 6006: 6005: 5998: 5997: 5990: 5983: 5975: 5966: 5965: 5963: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5911: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5902: 5901: 5899:Richard Parker 5896: 5894:Hunter McGuire 5891: 5886: 5884:James M. Mason 5881: 5876: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5856: 5851: 5846: 5840: 5838: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5830: 5824: 5822: 5818: 5817: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5808: 5807: 5795: 5789: 5787: 5783: 5782: 5780: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5733: 5731: 5727: 5726: 5719: 5718: 5711: 5704: 5696: 5687: 5686: 5684: 5683: 5678: 5673: 5663: 5658: 5652: 5650: 5646: 5645: 5643: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5617: 5612: 5607: 5601: 5599: 5595: 5594: 5587: 5586: 5579: 5572: 5564: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5551: 5545: 5543: 5539: 5538: 5536: 5535: 5527: 5519: 5511: 5506: 5499: 5494: 5489: 5487:Stone Mountain 5484: 5479: 5470: 5468: 5467:Historic items 5464: 5463: 5461: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5445: 5440: 5435: 5430: 5424: 5422: 5416: 5415: 5413: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5399: 5391: 5390: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5372: 5366: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5350: 5348: 5346: 5345: 5340: 5335: 5330: 5324: 5322: 5318: 5317: 5310: 5309: 5302: 5295: 5287: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5260: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5217: 5215: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5203: 5198: 5193: 5188: 5183: 5178: 5171: 5170: 5169: 5157: 5152: 5146: 5144: 5138: 5137: 5135: 5134: 5129: 5124: 5118: 5116: 5108: 5107: 5105: 5104: 5099: 5094: 5089: 5084: 5079: 5074: 5069: 5064: 5058: 5056: 5048: 5047: 5029: 5027: 5025: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5008: 5006: 4998: 4997: 4988: 4985: 4984: 4975: 4974: 4967: 4960: 4952: 4944: 4943: 4938: 4935: 4926: 4921: 4917: 4916: 4910: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4855: 4850: 4837: 4830: 4829:External links 4827: 4825: 4824: 4809: 4792: 4777: 4762: 4750: 4735: 4720: 4705:King, Benjamin 4702: 4679: 4664: 4645: 4630: 4608: 4593: 4581:978-0820335230 4580: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4556: 4547: 4530: 4512: 4495: 4485: 4468: 4451: 4436: 4419: 4405: 4378: 4367: 4360: 4337: 4318: 4301: 4286:Farwell, Byron 4283: 4261: 4244: 4219: 4199: 4184: 4165: 4163: 4160: 4158: 4157: 4136: 4110: 4099:. July 1, 2020 4084: 4058: 4033: 4022: 3996: 3987: 3975: 3961: 3954: 3934: 3927: 3907: 3900: 3880: 3871: 3854: 3829: 3818: 3799: 3777: 3768: 3759: 3746: 3737: 3701: 3668: 3662:978-0310877097 3661: 3637: 3604: 3573: 3558: 3531: 3522: 3513: 3478: 3471: 3451: 3438: 3417: 3395: 3393:, May 23, 1863 3390:Harpers Weekly 3377: 3371:978-0786420858 3370: 3350: 3341: 3317: 3288: 3279: 3270: 3261: 3252: 3243: 3234: 3218: 3209: 3181: 3168: 3159: 3150: 3125: 3112: 3096: 3083: 3074: 3047: 3038: 3029: 3003: 2994: 2968: 2959: 2947: 2930: 2923: 2903: 2873: 2866: 2843: 2823: 2813: 2807:Gwynne, S. C. 2800: 2774: 2765: 2745: 2720: 2690: 2681: 2672: 2663: 2654: 2645: 2623: 2598: 2589: 2577: 2557: 2548: 2539: 2529: 2513: 2491: 2474: 2461: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2441: 2440: 2435: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2408: 2407: 2393: 2377: 2374: 2373: 2372: 2365: 2358: 2356: 2349: 2342: 2340: 2334: 2327: 2325: 2319: 2312: 2310: 2297: 2290: 2288: 2285:Stone Mountain 2282: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2263: 2261: 2252: 2245: 2243: 2236: 2229: 2227: 2221: 2214: 2179:Smedley Butler 2138:Main article: 2135: 2134:Commemorations 2132: 2108: 2105: 2097:'s 1950 novel 2044: 2041: 2028:Louis Eckhardt 2026:, painting by 2016: 2013: 2002: 1999: 1966: 1963: 1900: 1897: 1889:Zachary Taylor 1885:Richard Taylor 1860: 1857: 1843: 1840: 1838: 1837: 1750: 1747: 1743:Guinea Station 1739:Hunter McGuire 1715: 1674: 1671: 1578:, painting by 1567: 1564: 1531:Mechanicsville 1523:Hanover County 1498: 1495: 1431:and Maj. Gen. 1418:Fredericksburg 1382:Irvin McDowell 1361: 1360: 1311: 1309: 1302: 1290: 1287: 1229:Main article: 1226: 1223: 1146: 1143: 1123:William Gilham 1114: 1111: 1052: 1049: 1009: 1006: 966: 963: 887:General Taylor 869: 866: 849: 846: 841:Main article: 838: 835: 825: 822: 785:Jackson's Mill 775:Jackson's Mill 768: 765: 757:Fayette County 724: 721: 719: 716: 639: 636: 614:. He lost his 518: 517: 510: 506: 505: 502: 498: 497: 495: 494: 483: 477: 476: 474: 463: 459: 456:Elinor Jackson 454: 453: 450: 448: 444: 443: 438: 432: 431: 429: 428: 427: 426: 414: 409: 408: 407: 402: 392: 391: 390: 385: 379: 374: 369: 359: 358: 357: 352: 347: 342: 332: 331: 330: 325: 320: 315: 305: 304: 303: 293: 281: 276: 266: 260: 258: 254: 253: 251: 250: 245: 239: 237: 233: 232: 230: 229: 224: 216: 209: 207: 203: 202: 200: 199: 196: 192: 190: 186: 185: 183: 182: 176: 169: 167: 161: 160: 158: 157: 152: 148: 146: 142: 141: 132: 130: 126: 125: 119:Guinea Station 116:(aged 39) 110: 106: 105: 86: 82: 81: 79: 78: 75: 74:Old Blue Light 72: 69: 65: 63: 59: 58: 55: 51: 50: 47: 39: 38: 35: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 9348: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9327: 9324: 9322: 9319: 9317: 9314: 9312: 9309: 9307: 9304: 9302: 9299: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9262: 9259: 9257: 9254: 9252: 9249: 9247: 9244: 9242: 9239: 9237: 9234: 9232: 9229: 9227: 9224: 9222: 9219: 9217: 9214: 9212: 9209: 9207: 9204: 9203: 9201: 9186: 9185:Wilbur Wright 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9141: 9138: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9106: 9103: 9101: 9098: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9086: 9083: 9081: 9078: 9076: 9073: 9071: 9068: 9066: 9063: 9061: 9058: 9056: 9053: 9051: 9048: 9046: 9043: 9041: 9038: 9036: 9033: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9020:Simon Newcomb 9018: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8991: 8988: 8986: 8983: 8981: 8980:John Marshall 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8970:James Madison 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8940:Robert E. Lee 8938: 8936: 8935:Sidney Lanier 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8880:Patrick Henry 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8840:Robert Fulton 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8721: 8718: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8695:Louis Agassiz 8693: 8691: 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8677: 8674: 8669: 8662: 8657: 8655: 8650: 8648: 8643: 8642: 8639: 8627: 8623: 8619: 8617: 8609: 8608: 8605: 8591: 8588: 8587: 8585: 8581: 8575: 8572: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8544:Photographers 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8519:Gender issues 8517: 8515: 8512: 8508: 8505: 8504: 8503: 8500: 8496: 8493: 8492: 8491: 8488: 8486: 8483: 8481: 8478: 8476: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8466: 8458: 8455: 8453: 8450: 8448: 8445: 8443: 8440: 8439: 8438: 8435: 8433: 8430: 8428: 8425: 8423: 8420: 8418: 8415: 8414: 8412: 8408: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8381: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8361: 8359: 8357: 8353: 8347: 8346:War Democrats 8344: 8342: 8339: 8337: 8336:Union Leagues 8334: 8332: 8329: 8327: 8324: 8322: 8319: 8317: 8314: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8292: 8289: 8287: 8284: 8282: 8279: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8268: 8266: 8262: 8256: 8253: 8251: 8248: 8246: 8243: 8241: 8238: 8236: 8235:Turning point 8233: 8231: 8228: 8226: 8223: 8221: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8211: 8208: 8206: 8205:Naval battles 8203: 8201: 8198: 8196: 8193: 8191: 8188: 8186: 8183: 8181: 8178: 8176: 8173: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8157: 8155: 8151: 8147: 8139: 8138: 8134: 8130: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8090: 8086: 8084: 8081: 8079: 8076: 8074: 8071: 8070: 8068: 8064: 8058: 8055: 8053: 8050: 8049: 8047: 8043: 8033: 8030: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8012: 8011: 8008: 8007: 8005: 8001: 7993: 7990: 7988: 7985: 7984: 7983: 7980: 7979: 7977: 7973: 7970: 7968:and memorials 7964: 7958: 7955: 7953: 7950: 7948: 7945: 7943: 7940: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7923: 7920: 7918: 7915: 7913: 7910: 7908: 7905: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7892: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7864: 7861: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7849: 7846: 7844: 7841: 7839: 7836: 7834: 7831: 7830: 7829: 7828:Commemoration 7826: 7825: 7823: 7817: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7803: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7777: 7774: 7773: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7736: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7704: 7703: 7700: 7698: 7695: 7693: 7690: 7688: 7685: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7670:first inquiry 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7652: 7651: 7648: 7643: 7640: 7638: 7635: 7634: 7633: 7630: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7611: 7608: 7607: 7606: 7603: 7601: 7598: 7596: 7593: 7591: 7590:Carpetbaggers 7588: 7586: 7583: 7581: 7578: 7577: 7575: 7573: 7569: 7561: 7558: 7556: 7553: 7551: 7548: 7547: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7540: 7538: 7534: 7530: 7523: 7519: 7501: 7498: 7496: 7493: 7491: 7488: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7447: 7445: 7441: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7417: 7415: 7412: 7410: 7407: 7405: 7402: 7400: 7397: 7395: 7392: 7390: 7387: 7385: 7382: 7380: 7377: 7375: 7372: 7370: 7367: 7365: 7362: 7360: 7357: 7355: 7352: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7310: 7307: 7303: 7293: 7290: 7288: 7285: 7283: 7280: 7278: 7275: 7273: 7270: 7268: 7265: 7263: 7260: 7258: 7255: 7253: 7250: 7249: 7247: 7243: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7113: 7111: 7107: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7087: 7083: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7031: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7016: 7014: 7013:West Virginia 7011: 7009: 7006: 7004: 7001: 6999: 6996: 6994: 6991: 6989: 6986: 6984: 6981: 6979: 6976: 6974: 6971: 6969: 6966: 6964: 6961: 6959: 6956: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6939: 6936: 6934: 6933:New Hampshire 6931: 6929: 6926: 6924: 6921: 6919: 6916: 6914: 6911: 6909: 6906: 6904: 6901: 6899: 6896: 6894: 6893:Massachusetts 6891: 6889: 6886: 6884: 6881: 6879: 6876: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6861: 6859: 6856: 6854: 6851: 6849: 6846: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6831: 6829: 6826: 6824: 6821: 6819: 6816: 6814: 6811: 6809: 6806: 6804: 6801: 6799: 6796: 6794: 6791: 6789: 6786: 6784: 6781: 6780: 6778: 6772: 6769: 6765: 6759: 6756: 6754: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6709: 6706: 6704: 6701: 6699: 6696: 6694: 6691: 6689: 6686: 6684: 6681: 6679: 6676: 6674: 6671: 6669: 6666: 6664: 6661: 6659: 6656: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6633:Hampton Roads 6631: 6629: 6626: 6624: 6623:Fort Donelson 6621: 6619: 6616: 6614: 6611: 6609: 6606: 6605: 6603: 6601: 6596: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6567: 6565: 6562: 6560: 6557: 6555: 6552: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6519:Morgan's Raid 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6485: 6482: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6467: 6465: 6464:Anaconda Plan 6462: 6461: 6459: 6457: 6452: 6446: 6443: 6441: 6440:Pacific Coast 6438: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6417: 6415: 6411: 6401: 6398: 6396: 6393: 6391: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6383: 6379: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6354: 6352: 6350: 6346: 6343: 6339: 6335: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6292: 6289: 6287: 6284: 6280: 6277: 6276: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6211: 6209: 6207: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6190: 6187: 6185: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6175: 6174:Positive good 6172: 6170: 6167: 6165: 6162: 6160: 6157: 6155: 6152: 6150: 6149: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6121: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6089:Panic of 1857 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6075: 6072: 6070: 6067: 6065: 6062: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6049:Border states 6047: 6045: 6042: 6040: 6037: 6036: 6034: 6029: 6026: 6025: 6022: 6018: 6011: 6007: 6003: 5996: 5991: 5989: 5984: 5982: 5977: 5976: 5973: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5906: 5900: 5897: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5880: 5877: 5875: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5864:Shields Green 5862: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5850: 5847: 5845: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5835: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5823: 5819: 5813: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5800: 5799: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5734: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5717: 5712: 5710: 5705: 5703: 5698: 5697: 5694: 5682: 5679: 5677: 5674: 5671: 5667: 5664: 5662: 5659: 5657: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5647: 5641: 5640:William Terry 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5621: 5618: 5616: 5613: 5611: 5608: 5606: 5603: 5602: 5600: 5596: 5592: 5585: 5580: 5578: 5573: 5571: 5566: 5565: 5562: 5550: 5547: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5534: 5533: 5528: 5526: 5525: 5520: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5504: 5500: 5498: 5495: 5493: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5476: 5472: 5471: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5449: 5446: 5444: 5441: 5439: 5436: 5434: 5431: 5429: 5426: 5425: 5423: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5396: 5392: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5371: 5368: 5367: 5365: 5363: 5359: 5354: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5334: 5331: 5329: 5326: 5325: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5303: 5301: 5296: 5294: 5289: 5288: 5285: 5273: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5247: 5246: 5243: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5218: 5216: 5214: 5208: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5192: 5189: 5187: 5184: 5182: 5179: 5177: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5167: 5163: 5162: 5161: 5158: 5156: 5153: 5151: 5148: 5147: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5130: 5128: 5125: 5123: 5120: 5119: 5117: 5115: 5109: 5103: 5102:Patchin Field 5100: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5090: 5088: 5085: 5083: 5080: 5078: 5075: 5073: 5070: 5068: 5065: 5063: 5060: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5033: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5009: 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C. 4680: 4677: 4676:0-8078-0337-5 4673: 4669: 4665: 4662: 4658: 4654: 4653: 4649: 4648:Dabney, R. L. 4646: 4643: 4639: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4618: 4613: 4609: 4606: 4602: 4598: 4594: 4583: 4577: 4573: 4572: 4566: 4565: 4555: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4541: 4537: 4534: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4516: 4513: 4510: 4509:1-879941-21-X 4506: 4502: 4501: 4496: 4493: 4489: 4488:Sharlet, Jeff 4486: 4483: 4479: 4475: 4472: 4469: 4466: 4465:0-02-864685-1 4462: 4458: 4455: 4452: 4449: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4434: 4430: 4426: 4423: 4420: 4417: 4413: 4409: 4406: 4403: 4399: 4395: 4391: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4379: 4375: 4374: 4368: 4365: 4361: 4358: 4354: 4353:0-8317-3288-1 4350: 4346: 4345: 4341: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4326: 4322: 4319: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4305: 4302: 4299: 4295: 4291: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4277: 4273: 4269: 4265: 4262: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4238: 4235:. Reviews at 4234: 4230: 4226: 4223: 4220: 4217: 4216:0-7679-0251-3 4213: 4209: 4208: 4203: 4200: 4197: 4196:0-86554-779-3 4193: 4189: 4185: 4182: 4178: 4174: 4170: 4167: 4166: 4153: 4152: 4147: 4140: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4098: 4094: 4088: 4073: 4069: 4062: 4047: 4043: 4037: 4031: 4026: 4011: 4007: 4000: 3991: 3982: 3980: 3971: 3965: 3957: 3951: 3947: 3946: 3938: 3930: 3924: 3920: 3919: 3911: 3903: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3884: 3875: 3868: 3864: 3858: 3843: 3839: 3833: 3827: 3822: 3815: 3811: 3808: 3803: 3792:September 12, 3787: 3781: 3772: 3763: 3756: 3755:Longest Night 3750: 3741: 3722: 3715: 3711: 3705: 3689: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3672: 3664: 3658: 3654: 3650: 3649: 3641: 3625: 3621: 3620: 3615: 3608: 3593: 3592: 3587: 3583: 3577: 3570:. p. 25. 3569: 3562: 3544: 3541: 3535: 3526: 3520:Taylor, p. 50 3517: 3498: 3491: 3490: 3482: 3474: 3472:1-56414-504-2 3468: 3464: 3463: 3455: 3448: 3442: 3427: 3421: 3405: 3399: 3392: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3373: 3367: 3364:. McFarland. 3363: 3362: 3354: 3345: 3338: 3334: 3330: 3327: 3321: 3313: 3309: 3305: 3301: 3300: 3292: 3283: 3274: 3265: 3256: 3247: 3238: 3231: 3227: 3222: 3216:Wert, p. 206. 3213: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3196: 3191: 3185: 3178: 3172: 3163: 3154: 3147: 3143: 3142:0-13-088243-7 3139: 3135: 3129: 3122: 3116: 3109: 3108:High Commands 3103: 3101: 3093: 3087: 3078: 3062: 3058: 3051: 3042: 3036:Jackson, 152. 3033: 3018: 3014: 3007: 2998: 2983: 2979: 2972: 2963: 2956: 2951: 2943: 2942: 2934: 2926: 2924:0-89587-244-7 2920: 2916: 2915: 2907: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2877: 2869: 2867:9780890963913 2863: 2859: 2858: 2853: 2847: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2827: 2817: 2810: 2804: 2789: 2785: 2778: 2769: 2761: 2760: 2755: 2749: 2734: 2727: 2725: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2694: 2685: 2676: 2667: 2658: 2649: 2638:September 12, 2633: 2627: 2612: 2608: 2602: 2593: 2586: 2581: 2573: 2567: 2561: 2552: 2543: 2533: 2526: 2520: 2518: 2501: 2495: 2488: 2484: 2478: 2471: 2465: 2458: 2457:High Commands 2452: 2448: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2429: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2410: 2409: 2405: 2394: 2391: 2380: 2369: 2362: 2357: 2353: 2346: 2341: 2338: 2331: 2326: 2323: 2316: 2311: 2308: 2304: 2302: 2294: 2289: 2286: 2279: 2274: 2267: 2262: 2259: 2256: 2249: 2244: 2240: 2233: 2228: 2225: 2218: 2213: 2212: 2211: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2193: 2191: 2187: 2182: 2180: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2160:West Virginia 2157: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2141: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2124:P-51 Mustangs 2121: 2116: 2114: 2104: 2102: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2077: 2076:Chesty Puller 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2056:George Patton 2052: 2050: 2040: 2037: 2029: 2025: 2021: 2012: 2011:VMI Museum.) 2009: 1998: 1996: 1992: 1991:Cemetery Hill 1988: 1982: 1976: 1971: 1965:Command style 1962: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1937: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1906: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1856: 1854: 1850: 1842:Personal life 1835: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1827: 1825: 1824: 1819: 1816: 1815:Robert E. Lee 1811: 1809: 1808:Orange County 1805: 1801: 1797: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1782: 1775: 1770: 1767: 1765: 1755: 1746: 1744: 1740: 1735: 1734:John D. Barry 1730: 1725: 1714: 1705: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1688: 1684: 1683:Joseph Hooker 1680: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1659: 1654: 1652: 1648: 1647:Potomac River 1644: 1640: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1627:Harpers Ferry 1624: 1619: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1600: 1596: 1587: 1581: 1580:David Bendann 1577: 1572: 1563: 1560: 1556: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1511:Robert E. Lee 1508: 1504: 1494: 1492: 1488: 1482: 1480: 1479:Port Republic 1476: 1475:James Shields 1472: 1467: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1442: 1438: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1421: 1419: 1415: 1411: 1406: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1387: 1383: 1379: 1375: 1371: 1368: 1357: 1354: 1346: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1322: 1321: 1317: 1312:This section 1310: 1306: 1301: 1300: 1296: 1286: 1284: 1280: 1276: 1272: 1271:major general 1268: 1263: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1249: 1242: 1237: 1232: 1222: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1190: 1188: 1184: 1180: 1176: 1175:Robert E. Lee 1172: 1168: 1164: 1156: 1151: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1135:Harpers Ferry 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1110: 1107: 1102: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1087: 1085: 1081: 1077: 1073: 1072:George Junkin 1069: 1062: 1057: 1047: 1045: 1038: 1036: 1032: 1026: 1024: 1014: 1005: 1003: 999: 995: 990: 987: 982: 980: 971: 962: 960: 956: 952: 948: 944: 940: 939:Seminole Wars 936: 931: 928: 923: 921: 920:Robert E. Lee 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 893: 888: 884: 879: 875: 865: 863: 859: 855: 844: 834: 832: 817: 813: 811: 806: 802: 797: 794: 790: 786: 782: 773: 764: 762: 758: 754: 748: 744: 741: 740:typhoid fever 736: 734: 730: 715: 711: 709: 705: 701: 697: 693: 689: 688:Tygart Valley 685: 684:West Virginia 681: 677: 672: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 650: 646: 635: 633: 629: 625: 621: 617: 613: 609: 604: 602: 598: 594: 590: 586: 581: 579: 575: 571: 567: 563: 559: 558:West Virginia 555: 550: 548: 544: 540: 536: 532: 528: 524: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 480: 475: 457: 452: 451: 449: 445: 442: 439: 437: 433: 424: 418: 415: 413: 410: 406: 403: 401: 398: 397: 396: 393: 389: 386: 383: 380: 378: 375: 373: 370: 368: 365: 364: 363: 360: 356: 353: 351: 348: 346: 343: 341: 338: 337: 336: 333: 329: 326: 324: 321: 319: 316: 314: 311: 310: 309: 306: 302: 299: 298: 297: 294: 291: 285: 282: 280: 277: 275: 272: 271: 270: 267: 265: 262: 261: 259: 255: 249: 246: 244: 241: 240: 238: 234: 228: 225: 223: 220: 217: 214: 211: 210: 208: 204: 197: 194: 193: 191: 187: 180: 177: 174: 171: 170: 168: 162: 156: 153: 151:United States 150: 149: 147: 143: 139: 135: 131: 127: 124: 120: 111: 107: 103: 102:West Virginia 99: 87: 83: 76: 73: 70: 67: 66: 64: 60: 56: 52: 45: 40: 33: 30: 26: 22: 9160:Emma Willard 9145:Walt Whitman 9115:Lillian Wald 9085:Joseph Story 9045:William Penn 9025:Thomas Paine 9000:James Monroe 8914: 8895:Mark Hopkins 8875:Joseph Henry 8795:Peter Cooper 8775:Rufus Choate 8730:Daniel Boone 8715:Clara Barton 8485:Bibliography 8468:Other topics 8410:By ethnicity 8378: 8331:Trent Affair 8230:Signal Corps 8087: 7810:White League 7697:Ku Klux Klan 7610:Confederados 7537:Constitution 7409:D. D. Porter 7262:Breckinridge 7170: 6973:Rhode Island 6968:Pennsylvania 6723:Spotsylvania 6683:Stones River 6663:2nd Bull Run 6613:1st Bull Run 6499:Stones River 6400:Marine Corps 6367:Marine Corps 6206:Abolitionism 6193: 6146: 5925:Fort Collier 5873: 5854:Watson Brown 5844:Turner Ashby 5802: 5604: 5531: 5523: 5515: 5474: 5313: 5269: 5255: 5225: 5181:Student life 5173: 5164: 5087:Cameron Hall 5077:Men's Soccer 4989: 4928: 4922: 4812: 4796: 4780: 4765: 4757: 4738: 4723: 4708: 4689:. New York: 4684: 4667: 4651: 4633: 4616: 4596: 4587:February 20, 4585:. Retrieved 4570: 4535: 4518: 4499: 4491: 4473: 4456: 4439: 4424: 4415: 4385: 4372: 4363: 4343: 4324: 4306: 4289: 4271: 4249: 4224: 4222:Cleary, Ben. 4205: 4202:Bryson, Bill 4187: 4172: 4149: 4139: 4127:. Retrieved 4123: 4113: 4101:. Retrieved 4096: 4087: 4075:. Retrieved 4071: 4061: 4049:. Retrieved 4036: 4025: 4013:. Retrieved 4009: 3999: 3990: 3964: 3944: 3937: 3917: 3910: 3890: 3883: 3874: 3862: 3857: 3845:. 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Gen. 1364: 1349: 1340: 1325:Please help 1313: 1279:headquarters 1264: 1245: 1194:John Letcher 1191: 1160: 1127:Charles Town 1116: 1103: 1088: 1065: 1040: 1027: 1019: 991: 983: 976: 932: 924: 912:regular army 876:career as a 871: 851: 827: 798: 793:Lewis County 778: 749: 745: 737: 726: 712: 673: 660: 641: 605: 582: 551: 547:U.S. history 530: 526: 522: 521: 257:Battles/wars 114:(1863-05-10) 112:May 10, 1863 29: 9216:1863 deaths 9211:1824 births 9150:Eli Whitney 9055:Walter Reed 8975:Horace Mann 8735:Edwin Booth 8690:Jane Addams 8291:Copperheads 8003:Confederate 7895:Black Codes 7221:E. K. Smith 7102:Confederate 7049:New Orleans 7044:Chattanooga 6908:Mississippi 6808:Connecticut 6776:territories 6767:Involvement 6728:Cold Harbor 6718:Fort Pillow 6708:Chattanooga 6703:Chickamauga 6653:Seven Pines 6643:New Orleans 6608:Fort Sumter 6549:Valley 1864 6382:Confederacy 6179:Slave Power 6159:Fire-Eaters 5477:(sculpture) 4229:Description 4015:January 23, 3842:www.vmi.edu 3022:December 5, 2738:November 1, 2255:sheet music 2107:Descendants 1995:Culp's Hill 1944:Philistines 1872:(1850) and 1535:James River 1462:to move to 1452:Front Royal 1441:Brig. Gens. 925:During the 904:Mexico City 900:Chapultepec 568:during the 535:Confederate 222:Major (USA) 62:Nickname(s) 9200:Categories 9110:Mark Twain 8930:James Kent 8900:Elias Howe 8780:Henry Clay 8680:John Adams 8524:Juneteenth 8045:Cemeteries 7922:Red Shirts 7833:Centennial 7783:Red Shirts 7191:Longstreet 7121:Beauregard 7064:Winchester 7039:Charleston 7008:Washington 6943:New Mexico 6938:New Jersey 6798:California 6774:States and 6758:Five Forks 6743:Mobile Bay 6713:Wilderness 6693:Gettysburg 6673:Perryville 6658:Seven Days 6589:Appomattox 6514:Gettysburg 6474:New Mexico 6341:Combatants 6316:Combatants 6229:John Brown 5598:Leadership 5321:Leadership 5196:Honor code 5191:Traditions 5122:VMI Campus 5067:Basketball 4717:0882897683 4474:Gettysburg 4418:14 (1886). 4162:References 4129:August 24, 4103:August 22, 3867:Lost Cause 3863:Gettysburg 3847:January 5, 2146:Lost Cause 2049:Gettysburg 1927:Providence 1853:blue light 1666:frock coat 1639:A. P. Hill 1489:nickname " 1487:oxymoronic 1471:Cross Keys 1456:Winchester 1343:April 2017 1283:Winchester 1131:John Brown 1084:hemorrhage 951:Fort Meade 947:Fort Casey 910:, and the 858:West Point 848:West Point 718:Early life 714:children. 692:Buckhannon 661:Litchfield 653:Old Bailey 632:Lost Cause 436:Alma mater 145:Allegiance 91:1824-01-21 54:Birth name 8960:Mary Lyon 8670:inductees 8502:Espionage 8296:Diplomacy 8264:Political 8220:POW camps 7966:Monuments 7793:Scalawags 7788:Redeemers 7526:Aftermath 7475:Pinkerton 7414:Rosecrans 7379:McClellan 7282:Memminger 7018:Wisconsin 6983:Tennessee 6903:Minnesota 6878:Louisiana 6753:Nashville 6698:Vicksburg 6628:Pea Ridge 6579:Carolinas 6534:Red River 6529:Knoxville 6509:Tullahoma 6504:Vicksburg 6484:Peninsula 6456:campaigns 6322:Campaigns 6099:Secession 5649:Regiments 5530:USS 5524:Stonewall 5522:USS 5516:Stonewall 5175:The Cadet 5082:Wrestling 5053:Athletics 5003:Academics 4661:457442354 4605:186539122 4227:, 2019. 3653:Zondervan 3204:793450187 3119:Freeman, 3110:, p. 316. 2793:August 8, 2303:sculpture 2253:The 1863 1881:dyspepsia 1764:pneumonia 1604:John Pope 1497:Peninsula 1427:'s large 1405:Kernstown 1367:Maj. Gen. 1314:does not 1145:Civil War 1139:howitzers 1080:stillborn 1061:Lexington 943:Seminoles 896:Contreras 645:Coleraine 620:pneumonia 527:Stonewall 509:Signature 447:Spouse(s) 68:Stonewall 8860:Asa Gray 8616:Category 8457:Seminole 8447:Cherokee 8200:Medicine 8153:Military 8066:Veterans 7900:Jim Crow 7665:timeline 7460:Ericsson 7443:Civilian 7424:Sheridan 7384:McDowell 7344:Farragut 7329:Burnside 7319:Anderson 7312:Military 7292:Stephens 7252:Benjamin 7245:Civilian 7131:Buchanan 7109:Military 7054:Richmond 7003:Virginia 6948:New York 6923:Nebraska 6913:Missouri 6898:Michigan 6888:Maryland 6873:Kentucky 6848:Illinois 6823:Delaware 6803:Colorado 6788:Arkansas 6748:Franklin 6668:Antietam 6539:Overland 6494:Maryland 6413:Theaters 6319:Theaters 5270:Category 5155:Students 5127:Barracks 5072:Baseball 5062:Football 4888:Archived 4861:Archived 4843:Archived 4756:(1876). 4693:, 2014. 4390:Archived 3810:Archived 3329:Archived 3312:Archived 3192:(1903). 3177:R.E. 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