341:: A pediatric rheumatologist is a pediatrician who has specialized in the treatment of children with rheumatic disease. Both specialties are important to address a child's milestone development and disease treatment throughout childhood. However, recognition of this sub-specialty has been slow, which has resulted in a global shortage of pediatric rheumatologists, and as a consequence, the demand for healthcare support far exceeds current service capacities. Raising awareness of this is important to attract more upcoming pediatricians into this rewarding area of healthcare.
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who specializes in the field of medical sub-specialty called rheumatology. A rheumatologist holds a board certification after specialized training. In the United States, training in this field requires four years undergraduate school, four years of medical school, and then three years of residency,
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can help patients find alternative ways for common movements that would otherwise be restricted by their disease. Patients with rheumatoid arthritis often need a long term, coordinated and a multidisciplinary team approach towards management of individual patients. Treatment is often tailored
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who are qualified by additional postgraduate training and experience in the diagnosis and treatment of arthritis and other diseases of the joints, muscles and bones. Many rheumatologists also conduct research to determine the cause and better treatments for these disabling and sometimes fatal
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in order to prevent spreading and stop destruction. The other group is the so-called corrective intervention, i.e. an intervention done after destruction has taken place. Among the corrective interventions are joint replacements, removal of loose bone or cartilage fragments, and a variety of
1176:
Butler, S., Sculley, D., Santos, D. et al. Paediatric
Rheumatology Fails to Meet Current Benchmarks, a Call for Health Equity for Children Living with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, Using Digital Health Technologies. Curr Rheumatol Rep (2024).
1459:
Nikiphorou E, Carpenter L, Morris S; et al. (2014). "Hand and foot surgery rates in rheumatoid arthritis have declined from 1986 to 2011, but large-joint replacement rates remain unchanged: results from two UK inception cohorts".
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335:. Some of these are very serious diseases that can be difficult to diagnose and treat. They treat soft tissue problems related to the musculoskeletal system, and sports related soft tissue disorders.
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Around the turn of the 21st century, focus for treatment of patients with rheumatic disease shifted, and pharmacological treatment became dominant, while surgical interventions became rarer.
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has emerged to further examine the interactions between the immune system, joints, and bones. Epidemiological studies and medication trials are also being conducted. The
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In 1970 a
Norwegian investigation estimated that at least 50% of patients with rheumatic symptoms needed rheumasurgery as an integrated part of their treatment.
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in the bones, muscles, joints, and internal organs. Rheumatology covers more than 100 different complex diseases, collectively known as
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followed by two or three years additional
Fellowship training. The requirements may vary in other countries. Rheumatologists are
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Regional
Musculoskeletal Exam (RMSE) - focused assessments of structure, function and inflammation combined with special testing
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diseases. Treatment modalities are based on scientific research, currently, practice of rheumatology is largely evidence based.
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according to the individual needs of each patient which is also dependent on the response and the tolerability of medications.
143: 'flowing current') is a branch of medicine devoted to the diagnosis and management of disorders whose common feature is
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https://rheumatology.org.au/For-Patients/Your-Rheumatology-Healthcare-Team/What-is-a-Paediatric-Rheumatologist
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Australian
Rheumatology Association. (2024). What is a Paediatric Rheumatologist? Accessed 24 March 2024 from
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Trender i revmakirurgisk behandling av pasienter med leddgikt og andre kronisk inflammatoriske leddsykdommer
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Following are examples of methods of diagnosis able to be performed in a normal physical examination.
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is the largest private funding source of rheumatology research and training in the United States.
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1273:"Efficacy of B-cell-targeted therapy with rituximab in patients with rheumatoid arthritis"
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Rheum surgery emerged in the cooperation of rheumatologists and orthopedic surgeons in
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1010:) into standards of care is one of the paramount developments in modern rheumatology.
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General
Musculoskeletal Exam (GMSE) - a comprehensive assessment of joint inflammation
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Edwards J; Szczepanski L; Szechinski J; Filipowicz-Sosnowska A; et al. (2004).
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Screening
Musculoskeletal Exam (SMSE) - a rapid assessment of structure and function
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982:(anti-B cell therapy) is now licensed for use in refractory rheumatoid arthritis.
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Den sykehusmessige revmatikeromsorgen i Norge (Kåss and Stene 1970), pages 24-25.
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Reumakirurgiens uppgång, stabilisering og nedgång ur ett sydsvenskt perspektiv"
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LB Johannessen
Tidsskr Nor Lægeforen 2004; 124:3110 Nr. 23 – 2. December 2004
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Den sykehusmessige revmatikeromsorgen i Norge (Kåss and Stene 1970), page 24.
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Rheumasurgical interventions can be divided in two groups. The one is early
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Recently, a large body of scientific research deals with the background of
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affecting the joints and structures around the joints including tendons,
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interventions aimed at repositioning and/or stabilizing joints, such as
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Revmatisme: Gamle plager - ny viten (Munthe and Larsen 1987), page 49.
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who have undergone formal training in rheumatology are called
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Consortium of
Rheumatology Researchers of North America, Inc.
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is vital in the treatment of many rheumatological disorders.
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315:. There are more than 200 types of these diseases, including
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Many of these diseases are now known to be disorders of the
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Diseases diagnosed or managed by rheumatologists include:
182:, the branch of medicine that studies the immune system.
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occupied with the surgical treatment of patients with
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1084:The European Rheumatoid Arthritis Surgical Society
436:Systemic conditions and connective tissue diseases
1314:"Evolution of treatment for rheumatoid arthritis"
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1551:Association of Rheumatology Health Professionals
1521:Association des medecins rhumatologues du Quebec
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178:, and rheumatology has significant overlap with
311:diseases, pain disorders affecting joints, and
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902:, and other imaging methods of affected joints
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444:Medical laser for the treatment of rheumatism.
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1193:Oxford American Handbook of Clinical Medicine
994:Beginning in the 2000s, the incorporation of
526:Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
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1502:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1312:Upchurch Katherine S., Kay Jonathan (2012).
1449:, Norsk Rheumabulletin 4/2012, pages 16-17.
27:Medical speciality of inflammatory diseases
1866:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility
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1179:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11926-024-01145-w
2207:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
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1021:(or rheumatoid surgery) is a subfield of
951:(disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs),
935:Most rheumatic diseases are treated with
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258:Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery
439:
1251:"Methotrexate for rheumatoid arthritis"
943:(nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug),
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14:
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1190:Flynn JA, Choi MJ, Wooster DL (2013).
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1036:, that is the removal of the inflamed
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2106:Physical medicine and rehabilitation
1152:"Rheumatology Specialty Description"
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886:Anti-citrullinated protein antibody
583:Hereditary periodic fever syndromes
572:(mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)
24:
2242:Medical Scientist Training Program
1531:European League Against Rheumatism
1374:. Arne Skredderstuen November 2000
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1546:Canadian Rheumatology Association
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1541:British Society for Rheumatology
1526:American College of Rheumatology
1393:"Surgery for Rheumatic Diseases"
1063:Rheumatology Research Foundation
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931:Outcome Measures in Rheumatology
531:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
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1557:German Society for Rheumatology
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1154:. American Medical Association.
486:Mixed connective tissue disease
331:, back pain, osteoporosis, and
151:, which includes many forms of
2232:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
1666:Oral and maxillofacial surgery
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1217:Seidman AJ, Limaiem F (2019).
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878:Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
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252:Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine
13:
1:
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1086:(ERASS) was founded in 1979.
1077:, Finland, during the 1950s.
998:(which include inhibitors of
414:Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
2212:Bachelor of Medical Sciences
1979:Neurosurgical anesthesiology
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924:
849:Musculoskeletal Examination
646:
7:
1397:http://www.cedars-sinai.edu
1331:10.1093/rheumatology/kes278
1134:"What is a Rheumatologist?"
890:ANA (Anti-Nuclear Antibody)
652:Synovial fluid examination
496:Adult-onset Still's disease
344:
10:
2417:
1068:
1008:JAK-STAT signaling pathway
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576:Thromboangiitis obliterans
371:Inflammatory arthropathies
359:Degenerative arthropathies
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204:Doctor, Medical Specialist
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1951:
1879:
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1225:. StatPearls Publishing.
1219:"Synovial Fluid Analysis"
846:Multiple joint inspection
839:tests the flexion of the
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339:Pediatrics rheumatologist
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2166:Transplantation medicine
2057:Clinical neurophysiology
1974:Obstetric anesthesiology
1894:Interventional radiology
1654:Digestive system surgery
1196:. US: OUP. p. 400.
541:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
521:Microscopic polyangiitis
511:Myofascial pain syndrome
491:Relapsing polychondritis
407:Enteropathic arthropathy
112:, Musculoskeletal exam,
2037:Intensive care medicine
2011:Mass gathering medicine
1856:Maternal–fetal medicine
1553:(archived 3 March 2009)
974:for moderate to severe
419:Crystal arthropathies:
1629:Cardiothoracic surgery
1324:(suppl 6): vi28–vi36.
1110:"Explore Rheumatology"
589:Soft tissue rheumatism
481:Polymyalgia rheumatica
455:Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
445:
387:Ankylosing spondylitis
303:Rheumatologists treat
89:Ankylosing spondylitis
32:Rheumatology (journal)
2280:Personalized medicine
2139:Reproductive medicine
2064:Occupational medicine
2018:Evolutionary medicine
1253:. Arthritis.about.com
978:. The biologic agent
953:monoclonal antibodies
443:
402:Psoriatic arthropathy
382:Spondyloarthropathies
30:For the journal, see
2300:Traditional medicine
2260:Alternative medicine
2127:Addiction psychiatry
1941:Transfusion medicine
1936:Medical microbiology
1851:Gynecologic oncology
1703:Reproductive surgery
1290:10.1056/NEJMoa032534
1138:www.rheumatology.org
1114:www.rheumatology.org
988:Occupational therapy
976:rheumatoid arthritis
947:(in serious cases),
828:Physical examination
816:rheumatoid arthritis
560:Takayasu's arteritis
551:Giant cell arteritis
536:Polyarteritis nodosa
467:(systemic sclerosis)
396:reactive arthropathy
377:Rheumatoid arthritis
317:rheumatoid arthritis
73:Rheumatoid arthritis
2322:History of medicine
2305:Veterinary medicine
2112:Preventive medicine
1964:Adolescent medicine
1806:Infectious diseases
1462:Arthritis Rheumatol
1049:Research directions
653:
593:Local diseases and
192:
85:Psoriatic arthritis
39:
2270:Molecular oncology
2227:Doctor of Medicine
2217:Master of Medicine
2134:Radiation oncology
2006:Emergency medicine
1959:Addiction medicine
1926:Clinical chemistry
1921:Clinical pathology
1713:Transplant surgery
1671:Orthopedic surgery
1649:Colorectal surgery
1445:2016-01-29 at the
1370:2016-01-18 at the
1055:autoimmune disease
1027:rheumatic diseases
996:biopharmaceuticals
910:chemical pathology
651:
641:Olecranon bursitis
555:Temporal arteritis
460:Sjögren's syndrome
446:
392:Reactive arthritis
246:Doctor of Medicine
239:Education required
190:
161:Sjögren's syndrome
149:rheumatic diseases
66:Autoimmune disease
37:
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2222:Master of Surgery
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2171:Tropical medicine
2117:Prison healthcare
2032:Hospital medicine
1996:Disaster medicine
1986:Aviation medicine
1801:Hospital medicine
1708:Surgical oncology
1693:Pediatric surgery
1687:
1634:Endocrine surgery
1474:10.1002/art.38344
1283:(25): 2572–2581.
1203:978-0-19-991494-4
882:Rheumatoid Factor
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16:(Redirected from
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2027:General practice
1904:Nuclear medicine
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1735:Vascular surgery
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914:septic arthritis
750:Septic arthritis
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621:. For example:
615:vascular lesions
611:nerve entrapment
607:stress fractures
570:Kawasaki disease
565:Behçet's disease
430:Septic arthritis
222:Activity sectors
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2144:Sexual medicine
2084:Palliative care
2079:Pain management
2023:Family medicine
2001:Diving medicine
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793:
790:
784:
783:
782:Cloudy yellow
780:
777:
774:
771:
765:
764:
763:Cloudy yellow
761:
758:
755:
752:
746:
745:
744:Cloudy yellow
742:
739:
736:
733:
729:
728:
725:
722:
719:
716:
710:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
695:Osteoarthritis
691:
690:
687:
684:
681:
678:
674:
673:
670:
667:
664:
658:
648:
645:
644:
643:
638:
636:Golfer's elbow
633:
628:
590:
587:
586:
585:
580:
579:
578:
573:
567:
562:
557:
548:
546:Serum sickness
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
478:
473:
468:
462:
457:
452:
437:
434:
433:
432:
427:
417:
411:
410:
409:
404:
399:
389:
379:
372:
369:
368:
367:
365:Osteoarthritis
360:
357:
349:Main article:
346:
343:
321:osteoarthritis
288:rheumatologist
282:
281:
272:
267:
264:
263:
262:
261:
255:
249:
241:
238:
235:
234:
230:
229:
224:
221:
218:
217:
212:
209:
206:
205:
202:
198:
197:
191:Rheumatologist
187:
186:Rheumatologist
184:
125:
124:
123:Rheumatologist
121:
117:
116:
110:Joint aspirate
107:
100:
99:
81:Osteoarthritis
63:
56:
55:
44:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2413:
2402:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2381:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2361:
2353:
2351:
2343:
2341:
2333:
2332:
2329:
2323:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Public health
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2265:Allied health
2263:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2255:
2251:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2189:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2128:
2125:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2074:Oral medicine
2072:
2070:
2069:Ophthalmology
2067:
2065:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1950:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1931:Cytopathology
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1891:
1890:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1871:Urogynecology
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
1857:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1847:
1844:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1833:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:Endocrinology
1772:
1770:
1767:
1765:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
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1691:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
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1664:
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1594:
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1582:
1580:
1575:
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1394:
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1369:
1366:
1365:Rheumakirurgi
1361:
1354:
1349:
1341:
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1332:
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1323:
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1315:
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1078:
1076:
1066:
1064:
1060:
1056:
1046:
1044:
1039:
1035:
1034:synovectomies
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:Rheumasurgery
1014:Rheumasurgery
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
989:
985:
984:Physiotherapy
981:
977:
973:
969:
966:
965:TNF inhibitor
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
932:
919:
915:
911:
907:
906:Cytopathology
904:
901:
897:
894:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
872:
869:
868:
857:
854:
851:
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835:
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821:
817:
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804:
800:
797:
794:
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789:
786:
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778:
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772:
770:
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737:
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726:
723:
720:
717:
715:
712:
711:
708:Clear yellow
707:
704:
701:
698:
696:
693:
692:
688:
685:
682:
679:
676:
675:
671:
668:
666:% neutrophils
665:
659:
656:
655:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
626:Low back pain
624:
623:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
584:
581:
577:
574:
571:
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566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
552:
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547:
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542:
539:
537:
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532:
529:
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524:
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519:
518:
517:
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512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
477:
474:
472:
469:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
442:
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428:
426:
422:
418:
415:
412:
408:
405:
403:
400:
397:
393:
390:
388:
385:
384:
383:
380:
378:
375:
374:
366:
363:
362:
356:
352:
342:
340:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
301:
298:
293:
289:
280:
276:
273:
265:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
243:
242:
236:
231:
228:
225:
219:
216:
213:
207:
203:
199:
194:
183:
181:
177:
176:immune system
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
135:
131:
122:
118:
115:
111:
108:
101:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
67:
64:
57:
54:
53:
49:
45:
41:
33:
19:
18:Rheumatologic
2401:Rheumatology
2290:Rural health
2275:Nanomedicine
1826:Rheumatology
1825:
1757: /
1676:Hand surgery
1661:Neurosurgery
1498:cite journal
1465:
1461:
1454:
1435:
1426:Rydholm, U "
1422:
1413:
1404:
1388:
1379:
1360:
1348:
1321:
1318:Rheumatology
1317:
1307:
1280:
1277:N Engl J Med
1276:
1266:
1255:. Retrieved
1245:
1234:. Retrieved
1222:
1212:
1192:
1185:
1172:
1160:
1146:
1137:
1128:
1117:. Retrieved
1113:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1072:
1052:
1031:
1018:
1017:
1004:interleukins
993:
972:methotrexate
934:
884:, Anti-CCP (
831:
788:Tuberculosis
735:2,000–50,000
732:Inflammatory
689:Transparent
631:Tennis elbow
592:
506:Fibromyalgia
471:Polymyositis
354:
338:
337:
313:osteoporosis
302:
287:
285:
260:(MBBS/MBChB)
173:
168:
148:
145:inflammation
140:
137:
130:Rheumatology
129:
128:
103:Significant
97:Osteoporosis
69:Inflammation
59:Significant
46:
38:Rheumatology
2360:Wikiproject
2149:Venereology
2094:Neonatology
1991:Dermatology
1846:Gynaecology
1838:gynaecology
1821:Pulmonology
1639:Eye surgery
1601:Specialties
1043:arthrodesis
1023:orthopedics
955:, such as
900:Ultrasounds
865:Specialized
672:Appearance
609:, muscles,
501:Sarcoidosis
465:Scleroderma
233:Description
155:as well as
2122:Psychiatry
2108:(PM&R)
2101:Phlebology
2089:Pediatrics
1916:Anatomical
1881:Diagnostic
1861:Obstetrics
1811:Nephrology
1796:Hematology
1791:Geriatrics
1784:Hepatology
1769:Cardiology
1759:Immunology
1257:2013-06-24
1236:2019-12-19
1223:StatPearls
1119:2022-09-28
1093:References
1006:, and the
1002:, certain
968:etanercept
961:adalimumab
957:infliximab
937:analgesics
929:See also:
871:Laboratory
841:lower back
754:>50,000
718:<10,000
601:capsules,
516:Vasculitis
425:pseudogout
351:Rheumatism
333:tendinitis
309:autoimmune
297:internists
270:employment
196:Occupation
180:immunology
132:(from
120:Specialist
2310:Physician
2194:education
2052:Neurology
2047:Narcology
1911:Pathology
1889:Radiology
1764:Angiology
1728:Andrology
1000:TNF-alpha
980:rituximab
925:Treatment
808:Arthritis
769:Gonorrhea
669:Viscosity
647:Diagnosis
599:ligaments
305:arthritis
292:physician
275:Hospitals
268:Fields of
215:Specialty
153:arthritis
2395:Category
2340:Category
1816:Oncology
1747:medicine
1745:Internal
1593:Medicine
1490:25813985
1482:24782174
1443:Archived
1368:Archived
1340:23221584
1299:15201414
1231:30725799
945:steroids
724:Variable
699:<5000
663:(per mm)
345:Diseases
227:Medicine
141:(rheûma)
61:diseases
2380:Outline
2350:Commons
2295:Therapy
2192:Medical
1755:Allergy
1723:Urology
1616:Surgery
1075:Heinola
1069:History
1038:synovia
792:~20,000
773:~10,000
727:Bloody
680:<200
619:ganglia
595:lesions
279:Clinics
165:Doctors
2370:Portal
2237:MD–PhD
1488:
1480:
1338:
1297:
1229:
1200:
970:, and
963:, the
949:DMARDs
941:NSAIDs
896:X-rays
876:(e.g.
757:>75
721:<50
714:Trauma
702:<25
677:Normal
617:, and
603:bursae
254:(D.O.)
248:(M.D.)
52:Immune
43:System
1952:Other
1486:S2CID
874:tests
738:50–80
450:Lupus
416:(JIA)
329:lupus
290:is a
201:Names
157:lupus
139:ῥεῦμα
136:
134:Greek
114:X-ray
105:tests
77:Lupus
1504:link
1478:PMID
1430:2013
1336:PMID
1295:PMID
1227:PMID
1198:ISBN
959:and
918:gout
916:and
908:and
812:gout
705:High
686:High
657:Type
421:gout
325:gout
159:and
93:Gout
1686:ENT
1604:and
1470:doi
1326:doi
1285:doi
1281:350
888:),
798:Low
779:Low
760:Low
741:Low
661:WBC
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