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Renewable natural gas plants based on wood can be categorized into two main categories, one being allothermal, which has the energy provided by a source outside of the gasifier. One example is the double-chambered fluidized bed gasifiers consisting of a separate combustion and gasification chambers.
359:
SNG is of particular interest in countries with extensive natural gas distribution networks. Core advantages of SNG include compatibility with existing natural gas infrastructure, higher efficiency that Fisher-Tropsch fuels production and smaller-production scale than other second generation biofuel
331:
In North
America, most RNG development has historically occurred in the municipal solid waste (MSW) sector. The first commercial RNG facility was launched at the Fresh Kills landfill near New York City in 1982. As of 2023, more than 300 RNG facilities are currently operational in North America, with
448:
A major concern is that the potential biogas yield would only represent a small percentage of existing supplies of fossil gas (also called natural gas). This fact has led existing natural gas suppliers to push back against measures to increase the use of electricity as an energy supply - decreasing
295:
A biomass to RNG efficiency of 70% can be achieved during the production process. Costs are minimized by maximizing production scale and by locating an anaerobic digestion plant next to transport links (e.g. a port or river) for the chosen source of biomass. The existing gas storage infrastructure
255:
In the United States, projections of the ultimate supply potential for RNG vary. An analysis conducted in 2011 by the Gas
Technology Institute determined that renewable gas from waste biomass including agricultural waste has the potential to add up to 2.5 quadrillion Btu annually, being enough to
351:
project. The plant had the capacity to produce 20 megawatts-worth of bioSNG from about 30 MW-worth of biomass, aiming at a conversion efficiency of 65%. From
December 2014 the bioSNG plant was fully operational and supplied gas to the Swedish natural gas grid, reaching the quality demands with a
355:
It can be noted that the plant was a technical success, and performed as intended. However, it was not economically viable, given the prices of natural gas at the time. It is expected the plant is to re-emerge around 2030 when economic conditions may be more favorable, with the possibility of a
387:, with nearly 90 biomethane injection sites built across the country. Ecotricity announced plans to supply green gas to UK consumers via the national grid. Centrica also announced that it would begin injecting gas, manufactured from sewage, into the gas grid.
352:
methane content of over 95%. The plant was permanently closed due to economic problems in April 2018. Göteborg Energi had invested 175 million euro in the plant and intensive attempts for a year to sell the plant to new investors had failed.
2504:
275:
More recently, a study commissioned by the
American Gas Foundation and executed by ICF in 2019 projected that between 1.6-3.78 trillion cubic feet of RNG could be produced annually for pipeline injection in the U.S. by 2030.
608:
1358:
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production systems. The Energy
Research Centre of the Netherlands has conducted extensive research on large-scale SNG production from woody biomass, based on the importation of feedstocks from abroad.
296:
would allow the plant to continue to manufacture gas at the full utilization rate even during periods of weak demand, helping minimize manufacturing capital costs per unit of gas produced.
310:. With the Sabatier reaction, the gas from primary production has to be upgraded with a secondary step in order to produce gas that is suitable for injection into the gas grid.
201:
and other impurities from biogas, and increasing the concentration of methane to a level similar to fossil natural gas, it becomes possible to distribute RNG via existing gas
371:
found that any UK bioSNG plant built by 2020 would be highly likely to use "clean woody feedstocks" and that there are several regions with good availability of that source.
441:, since the carbon dioxide contained in the biomass is naturally renewed in each generation of plants, rather than being released from fossil stores and increasing
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Anaerobic digestion of organic material. This can be done in dedicated anaerobic digesters or as a byproduct gas collected from landfills and wastewater treatment.
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opened the first demonstration plant for large scale production of bio-synthetic natural gas (SNG) through gasification of forest residues in
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In Canada, FortisBC, a gas provider in
British Columbia, injects renewably created natural gas into its existing gas distribution system.
3518:
3265:
2329:
566:"Enhancement of Methane Concentration by Removing Contaminants from Biogas Mixtures Using Combined Method of Absorption and Adsorption"
609:"SoCalGas and Opus 12 Successfully Demonstrate Technology That Simplifies Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Storable Renewable Energy"
1740:
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estimated that renewable natural gas could replace up to 10% of all natural gas used in the United States, and a study by the
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Autothermal systems generate the heat within the gasifier, but require the use of pure oxygen to avoid nitrogen dilution.
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more than 70% of supplies drawn from the MSW and landfill sectors, according to the U.S. trade group RNG Coalition.
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457:(C4Bes) which then went on to lobby for the gas sector and against the momentum in favor of electrification. The
450:
1181:
Divert Inc. Announces $ 1B Infrastructure Deal with
Enbridge Inc. to Tackle Food Waste and Combat Climate Change
565:
283:, whereby the carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide fraction of biogas are converted to methane using electrolyzed
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to scale its existing network of food waste anaerobic digesters to cover all major markets of North
America.
205:
infrastructure. RNG can be used in existing appliances, including vehicles with natural gas burning engines (
1170:'New Bio Natural Gas May Assist In Adding Solar and Wind to Utility Renewable Power Generation, Study Finds'
3440:
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could be turned into enough biogas to potentially meet up to 12% of
America's national electricity demand.
265:
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1320:"Renewable carbon neutral methane to be produced in south-west Queensland" ARENA accessed 6 December 2020
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Production of
Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG) from Biomass- From Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
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2394:
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1813:
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1234:"The false promise of "renewable natural gas" - It's no substitute for shifting to clean electricity"
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The most common way of collecting biogas with which to produce biomethane is through the process of
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3225:
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465:) and so C4Bes curtailed its lobbying activities, although it continued to promote demand for gas.
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1020:Åhman, Max (2010). "Biomethane in the transport sector—An appraisal of the forgotten option".
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and a new electrochemical process pioneered in the United States currently undergoing trials.
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3313:
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2019:
1999:
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805:
437:. The key difference from fossil natural gas is that it is often considered partly or fully
401:
through donation, says it will use a $ 1 billion investment from Canadian pipeline operator
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1947:
1880:
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Development of the MILENA gasification technology for the production of Bio-SNG
1047:
996:"Biogasflow in Gothenburg provides the taxpayer with an environmental standard"
779:
438:
434:
422:
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764:"Economic perspectives of Power-to-Gas technologies in bio-methane production"
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1294:
1262:"California's next frontier in fighting climate change: your kitchen stove"
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and renewable gas energy. Renewable natural gas can also be converted into
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1989:
1974:
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1425:
1290:"US gas utility funds 'front' consumer group to fight natural gas bans"
688:"Fact Sheet | Biogas: Converting Waste to Energy | White Papers | EESI"
398:
344:
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Renewable natural gas can be produced and distributed via the existing
1204:
287:, the renewable gas potential of raw biogas is approximately doubled.
3612:
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3012:
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1903:
1803:
1719:
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1445:
1404:
944:"Investerade nästan två miljarder i Gobigas – nu läggs projektet ner"
1192:
Enbridge commits $ 1 billion to company turning food waste to energy
490:
240:, making it an attractive means of supplying existing premises with
74:
3405:
2134:
2094:
2014:
1703:
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1593:
1583:
1526:
662:"SoCalGas's Minter on Renewable Natural Gas as a Foundational Fuel"
402:
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237:
202:
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1610:
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713:"Alternative Fuels Data Center: Renewable Natural Gas Production"
509:
476:
194:
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1335:
SGC Rapport 187 Substitute natural gas from biomass gasification
1146:'Food waste to provide green gas for carbon-conscious consumers'
1119:
3042:
2049:
2004:
1656:
1588:
1504:
1450:
1329:
American Gas Foundation Study: The Potential for Renewable Gas
868:"300 RNG facilities operating in North America – RNG Coalition"
762:
Marija, Saric; Dijkstra, Jan Wilco; Haije, Wim G. (July 2017).
514:
433:. Any unburned gas that escapes contains methane, a long lived
384:
183:
2044:
1907:
1630:
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1516:
1345:
http://www.eee-info.net/cms/netautor/napro4/wrapper/media.php
830:'Sustainable Gas Enters the European Gas Distribution System'
368:
1373:
1108:'BioSNG could be economically attractive for renewable heat'
453:(SoCalGas) to covertly support the creation of a nonprofit:
299:
Renewable gas can be produced through three main processes:
1598:
1568:
893:"Renewable Natural Gas Infographics: View at RNG Coalition"
1902:
1324:
National Grid U.S. – Vision for a Sustainable Gas Network
1578:
1096:'Potential for BioSNG Production in the UK, NNFCC 10-008'
256:
meet the natural gas needs of 50% of American homes. The
198:
1126:. The Anaerobic Digestion & Bioresources Association
794:'Biomethane / Natural Gas Interconnection Opportunities'
461:
exposed the hand of SoCalGas in the formation of C4Bes (
3583:
UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm 1972)
417:
as ordinary natural gas fuel, such as carbon monoxide,
1158:'Human waste turned into renewable gas to power homes'
969:"Professor: "The Gobigas Project A Technical Success""
1368:
472:
761:
99:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
16:
Methane enriched biogas that can easily be upgraded
2562:Blue Ribbon Commission on America's Nuclear Future
1205:"Biogas – Frequently Asked Questions (Biogas FAQ)"
942:Nyheter, S. V. T.; Youcefi, Fouad (3 April 2018).
564:Al Mamun, Muhammad Rashed; Torii, Shuichi (2017).
252:(CNG) for direct use as fuel in transport sector.
36:may lack focus or may be about more than one topic
1369:Production of Biogas from organic waste Bioenergy
1202:
3718:
186:which has been upgraded to a quality similar to
1736:Bioconversion of biomass to mixed alcohol fuels
1067:
3607:Rio Declaration on Environment and Development
941:
216:. Multiple ways of methanizing carbon dioxide/
40:Please help improve this article, possibly by
2709:
1888:
1389:
1231:
865:
818:'Heat from Biomass via Synthetic Natural Gas'
635:"Natural Gas Can Come From Renewable Sources"
573:International Journal of Chemical Engineering
563:
383:is growing as a means of producing renewable
197:concentration of 90% or greater. By removing
374:
262:National Association of Clean Water Agencies
1340:SGC Rapport on gasification and methanation
1287:
3678:
2716:
2702:
1895:
1881:
1396:
1382:
1259:
866:International, Bioenergy (3 August 2023).
816:Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands
455:Californians for Balanced Energy Solutions
3618:Convention on Biological Diversity (1992)
1741:Bioenergy with carbon capture and storage
584:
408:
321:
159:Learn how and when to remove this message
3646:UN Conference on Sustainable Development
258:Environmental and Energy Study Institute
2592:High-level radioactive waste management
897:The Coalition For Renewable Natural Gas
449:demand for gas. This reality prompted
3719:
3216:Corporate environmental responsibility
1364:National Grid/UK Sustainable Gas Group
1203:Dr. Ann C. Wilkie (16 December 2019).
993:
2697:
1876:
1377:
1019:
792:Cornerstone environmental group, LLC
268:found that the quantity of biosolids
3589:Brundtlandt Commission Report (1983)
2607:Sewage regulation and administration
1809:Cellulosic ethanol commercialization
1212:– Soil and Water Sciences Department
97:adding citations to reliable sources
68:
44:the article and/or by introducing a
20:
335:
220:and hydrogen also exist, including
13:
3231:Environmental full-cost accounting
2723:
1232:David Roberts (20 February 2020).
738:"Renewable Sources of Natural Gas"
659:
317:of organic (normally dry) material
14:
3758:
3165:Run-of-the-river hydroelectricity
1313:
806:'The Bio Natural Gas Opportunity'
231:
3677:
3666:
3665:
3635:UN Millennium Declaration (2000)
2657:
2656:
2645:
2587:Extended producer responsibility
2073:
1857:
1856:
489:
475:
73:
25:
3221:Corporate social responsibility
3150:Ocean thermal energy conversion
3089:Community-supported agriculture
2774:Human impact on the environment
2145:Mechanical biological treatment
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1253:
1225:
1196:
1185:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1112:
1100:
1089:
1061:
1048:"BioSNG: Synthetic Natural Gas"
1040:
1013:
987:
961:
935:
910:
885:
859:
834:
822:
810:
798:
451:Southern California Gas Company
326:
84:needs additional citations for
48:, or discuss this issue on the
3461:Socially responsible marketing
1068:Van der Meijden, C.M. (2010).
786:
755:
730:
705:
680:
653:
627:
601:
557:
1:
3652:Sustainable Development Goals
3456:Socially responsible business
1403:
922:www.gobigas.goteborgenergi.se
842:"The story of RNG in America"
828:Danish Gas Technology Centre
550:
290:
1288:Susie Cagle (26 July 2019).
1120:"AD map – biomethane plants"
994:LUNDIN, KIM (4 April 2018).
615:(Press release). PR Newswire
266:Water Environment Federation
7:
3481:Sustainability organization
3266:Standards and certification
2857:Social return on investment
2597:History of waste management
1839:Issues relating to biofuels
1829:Energy return on investment
1260:Sammy Roth (4 April 2019).
1034:10.1016/j.enpol.2009.09.007
525:Issues relating to biofuels
468:
172:Renewable natural gas (RNG)
10:
3763:
2906:Systemic change resistance
2185:fluorescent lamp recycling
1077:. Petten, Netherlands: ECN
780:10.1016/j.jcou.2017.05.007
768:Journal of CO2 Utilization
443:atmospheric carbon dioxide
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3084:Climate-smart agriculture
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1814:Energy content of biofuel
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375:RNG development by region
3226:Environmental accounting
2975:Sustainable architecture
2965:Environmental technology
2567:China's waste import ban
1788:Thermal depolymerization
1761:Industrial biotechnology
742:American Gas Association
530:Landfill gas utilization
415:environmental pollutants
3099:Sustainable agriculture
1928:Agricultural wastewater
1756:Fischer–Tropsch process
1746:Biomass heating systems
1359:SNG Platform in GĂĽssing
872:Bioenergy International
497:Renewable energy portal
413:Biogas creates similar
306:Production through the
270:removed from wastewater
108:"Renewable natural gas"
3642:(Rio+10, Johannesburg)
3511:Sustainable management
3496:Urban drainage systems
3236:Environmental planning
3200:Water recycling shower
3190:Tidal stream generator
2985:Sustainable industries
2944:Sustainable population
2929:Demographic transition
2911:Tragedy of the commons
2652:Environment portal
2330:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2220:water recycling shower
666:www.planningreport.com
409:Environmental concerns
322:Commercial development
250:compressed natural gas
3534:Humanistic capitalism
3349:Environmental finance
2990:Sustainable packaging
2020:Municipal solid waste
2000:Industrial wastewater
1210:University of Florida
397:, which also reduces
356:higher carbon price.
246:liquefied natural gas
3501:Urban infrastructure
3195:Water heat recycling
3018:Conservation biology
2862:Steady-state economy
2837:Micro-sustainability
2822:Ecological footprint
2779:Planetary boundaries
2215:water heat recycling
2120:Garden waste dumping
586:10.1155/2017/7906859
347:, Sweden within the
279:In combination with
207:natural gas vehicles
93:improve this article
3602:Earth Summit (1992)
3256:Metrics and indices
3109:Sustainable fishery
3028:Holocene extinction
2847:Product stewardship
2817:Earth Overshoot Day
2582:Eco-industrial park
2170:appliance recycling
2090:Anaerobic digestion
2035:Post-consumer waste
1933:Biodegradable waste
1844:Sustainable biofuel
520:Carbon-neutral fuel
505:Anaerobic digestion
381:anaerobic digestion
214:anaerobic digestion
46:disambiguation page
3061:Sustainable energy
3023:Endangered species
2980:Sustainable design
2894:Consumer behaviour
2627:Waste minimisation
2572:Cleaner production
2237:Reusable packaging
2150:Mechanical sorting
1953:Construction waste
545:Sustainable energy
3737:Biogas technology
3714:
3713:
3640:Earth Summit 2002
3623:Lisbon Principles
3595:Our Common Future
3273:Sustainable yield
3079:Civic agriculture
2832:Green consumption
2769:Global governance
2691:
2690:
2622:Waste legislation
2531:Sanitation worker
2505:London Convention
2441:Bamako Convention
2232:Resource recovery
2200:textile recycling
2195:plastic recycling
2175:battery recycling
2115:Ecological design
2040:Radioactive waste
1870:
1869:
1783:Sabatier reaction
1267:Los Angeles Times
1106:New Energy Focus
804:Kachan & Co.
393:A company called
379:In the UK, using
308:Sabatier reaction
169:
168:
161:
143:
67:
66:
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3747:Renewable energy
3681:
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3613:Agenda 21 (1992)
3584:
3549:Natural resource
3436:Organic movement
3411:Impact investing
3130:Hydroelectricity
3104:Sustainable diet
3056:Renewable energy
3051:Carbon footprint
3033:Invasive species
2970:Natural building
2921:World population
2882:Marketing myopia
2842:Over-consumption
2812:Circular economy
2807:Anti-consumerism
2764:Environmentalism
2718:
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2515:OSPAR Convention
2446:Basel Convention
2257:Waste collection
2247:Sewage treatment
2205:timber recycling
2180:bottle recycling
2160:Reclaimed lumber
2155:Photodegradation
2077:
1995:Industrial waste
1963:Electronic waste
1958:Demolition waste
1938:Biomedical waste
1912:waste management
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1704:Pongamia pinnata
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1353:ECN SNG Website
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1168:Kachan & Co.
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1131:
1116:
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1104:
1098:
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1059:
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1037:
1017:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1006:
991:
985:
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965:
959:
958:
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930:
928:
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908:
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882:
880:
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863:
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852:
846:www.linkedin.com
838:
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802:
796:
790:
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783:
759:
753:
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728:
727:
725:
723:
709:
703:
702:
700:
698:
684:
678:
677:
675:
673:
660:Minter, George.
657:
651:
650:
648:
646:
639:www.socalgas.com
631:
625:
624:
622:
620:
605:
599:
598:
588:
570:
561:
540:Renewable energy
499:
494:
493:
485:
480:
479:
427:hydrogen sulfide
336:BioSNG from wood
226:Sabatier process
174:, also known as
164:
157:
153:
150:
144:
142:
101:
77:
69:
62:
59:
53:
29:
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3755:
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3752:
3751:
3717:
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3715:
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3574:
3573:Agreements and
3568:
3505:
3309:Climate finance
3277:
3204:
3160:Reclaimed water
3113:
3065:
3037:
2994:
2948:
2934:Family planning
2915:
2788:
2745:
2727:
2722:
2692:
2687:
2663:Category: Waste
2644:
2636:
2617:Waste hierarchy
2550:
2541:Waste collector
2519:
2510:Oslo Convention
2429:
2281:
2277:Waste-to-energy
2272:Waste treatment
2242:Right to repair
2140:Landfill mining
2125:Illegal dumping
2078:
2069:
2030:Packaging waste
2025:Open defecation
1985:Hazardous waste
1914:
1901:
1871:
1866:
1848:
1824:Energy forestry
1792:
1724:
1686:Jatropha curcas
1647:
1640:
1548:Camelina sativa
1538:
1531:
1407:
1402:
1316:
1311:
1310:
1300:
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1129:
1127:
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1080:
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976:
975:. 19 April 2018
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791:
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760:
756:
746:
744:
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735:
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719:
717:afdc.energy.gov
711:
710:
706:
696:
694:
686:
685:
681:
671:
669:
658:
654:
644:
642:
641:. Sempre Energy
633:
632:
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618:
616:
607:
606:
602:
568:
562:
558:
553:
495:
488:
481:
474:
471:
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341:Göteborg Energi
338:
329:
324:
293:
234:
165:
154:
148:
145:
102:
100:
90:
78:
63:
57:
54:
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3649:
3648:(Rio+20, 2012)
3643:
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3394:Infrastructure
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3346:
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3336:
3331:
3326:
3324:Eco-capitalism
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3241:Sustainability
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3228:
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3212:
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3209:Accountability
3206:
3205:
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2867:Sustainability
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2809:
2804:
2802:Anthropization
2798:
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2725:Sustainability
2721:
2720:
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2536:Street sweeper
2533:
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2420:United Kingdom
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2222:
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2210:tire recycling
2207:
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2190:land recycling
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
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2112:
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2102:
2100:Biodegradation
2097:
2092:
2086:
2084:
2080:
2079:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2062:
2060:Surface runoff
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1948:Chemical waste
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1924:
1922:
1916:
1915:
1900:
1899:
1892:
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1877:
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1800:
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1689:
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1677:
1675:Chinese tallow
1672:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1650:
1642:
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1633:
1628:
1623:
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1522:Water hyacinth
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1371:
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1327:
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1315:
1314:External links
1312:
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1111:
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613:prnewswire.com
600:
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507:
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439:carbon neutral
435:greenhouse gas
423:nitrogen oxide
419:sulfur dioxide
410:
407:
376:
373:
337:
334:
328:
325:
323:
320:
319:
318:
311:
304:
292:
289:
242:renewable heat
233:
232:Growth Outlook
230:
222:biomethanation
180:renewable fuel
167:
166:
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3629:Earth Charter
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3519:Environmental
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3354:Green economy
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3339:Eco-socialism
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3335:
3334:Eco-investing
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3320:
3319:Disinvestment
3317:
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3140:Marine energy
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3094:Cultured meat
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2262:Waste sorting
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2011:
2010:Marine debris
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1476:vegetable oil
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1022:Energy Policy
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149:November 2020
141:
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120:
117:
113:
110: –
109:
105:
104:Find sources:
98:
94:
88:
87:
82:This article
80:
76:
71:
70:
61:
51:
47:
43:
37:
34:This article
32:
23:
22:
19:
3703:
3696:
3689:
3682:
3670:
3594:
3359:Construction
3282:Applications
3000:Biodiversity
2759:Anthropocene
2555:Other topics
2546:Waste picker
2473:incineration
2252:Urban mining
2130:Incineration
2110:Durable good
2055:Sharps waste
2015:Mining waste
1702:
1696:
1692:
1684:
1667:
1663:Big bluestem
1655:
1648:energy crops
1603:
1546:
1299:. Retrieved
1295:The Guardian
1293:
1283:
1271:. Retrieved
1265:
1255:
1243:. Retrieved
1237:
1227:
1215:. Retrieved
1208:
1198:
1187:
1176:
1164:
1152:
1140:
1128:. Retrieved
1123:
1114:
1102:
1091:
1079:. Retrieved
1070:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1042:
1025:
1021:
1015:
1003:. Retrieved
999:
989:
977:. Retrieved
972:
963:
951:. Retrieved
947:
937:
925:. Retrieved
921:
912:
900:. Retrieved
896:
887:
875:. Retrieved
871:
861:
849:. Retrieved
845:
836:
824:
812:
800:
788:
771:
767:
757:
745:. Retrieved
741:
732:
720:. Retrieved
716:
707:
695:. Retrieved
692:www.eesi.org
691:
682:
670:. Retrieved
668:. David Abel
665:
655:
643:. Retrieved
638:
629:
617:. Retrieved
612:
603:
576:
572:
559:
535:Power-to-gas
463:astroturfing
454:
447:
431:particulates
412:
392:
389:
378:
366:
362:
358:
354:
339:
330:
327:Landfill Gas
315:gasification
298:
294:
281:power-to-gas
278:
274:
254:
235:
211:
175:
171:
170:
155:
146:
136:
129:
122:
115:
103:
91:Please help
86:verification
83:
55:
35:
18:
3742:Natural gas
3575:conferences
3446:Procurement
3389:Development
3289:Advertising
3251:Measurement
3185:Tidal power
3180:Small hydro
3145:Micro hydro
3008:Biosecurity
2960:Appropriate
2889:Sustainable
2872:Advertising
2794:Consumption
2784:Development
2577:Downcycling
2524:Occupations
2493:waste water
2390:Switzerland
2380:South Korea
2370:New Zealand
2295:Afghanistan
2267:Waste trade
2227:Repurposing
2065:Toxic waste
2045:Scrap metal
1980:Green waste
1943:Brown waste
1920:Major types
1819:Energy crop
1766:Pellet fuel
1751:Biorefinery
1715:Switchgrass
1559:Coconut oil
1537:Energy from
1471:Cooking oil
1456:Biogasoline
1431:Babassu oil
1301:2 September
1273:2 September
1245:2 September
1217:2 September
1053:27 December
1000:SVT Nyheter
948:SVT Nyheter
927:10 November
459:Sierra Club
367:In the UK,
191:natural gas
3721:Categories
3466:Sanitation
3421:Livelihood
3344:Ecovillage
3329:Eco-cities
3246:Accounting
3155:Pico hydro
3135:Hydropower
2953:Technology
2751:Principles
2632:Zero waste
2434:Agreements
2365:Kazakhstan
2320:Bangladesh
2105:Composting
1990:Heat waste
1975:Food waste
1968:by country
1729:Technology
1710:Salicornia
1693:Miscanthus
1616:Sugar beet
1488:cellulosic
1461:Bioliquids
1441:Biobutanol
1081:21 October
902:31 October
877:31 October
851:31 October
747:31 October
722:9 December
697:9 December
551:References
399:food waste
345:Gothenburg
291:Production
193:and has a
176:biomethane
119:newspapers
3727:Bioenergy
3559:Recycling
3554:Planetary
3544:Materials
3539:Landscape
3524:Fisheries
3491:Transport
3416:Landscape
3399:Marketing
3374:Gardening
3314:Community
3261:Reporting
3125:Footprint
3013:Biosphere
2612:Upcycling
2478:landfills
2468:framework
2461:Recycling
2456:batteries
2385:Sri Lanka
2345:Hong Kong
2310:Australia
2287:Countries
2165:Recycling
2083:Processes
1904:Biosolids
1804:Agflation
1697:giganteus
1626:Sunflower
1621:Sugarcane
1539:foodstock
1446:Biodiesel
1405:Bioenergy
918:"GoBiGas"
774:: 81–90.
595:1687-806X
248:(LNG) or
58:June 2020
50:talk page
42:splitting
3732:Biofuels
3672:Category
3471:Sourcing
3406:Greening
3299:Business
3175:Security
3170:Scarcity
2673:Journals
2488:vehicles
2410:Thailand
2400:Tanzania
2135:Landfill
2095:Balefill
1862:Category
1797:Concepts
1680:Duckweed
1669:Camelina
1646:Non-food
1594:Rapeseed
1584:Palm oil
1527:Wood gas
1500:Methanol
1493:mixtures
1413:Biofuels
953:25 April
469:See also
403:Enbridge
313:Thermal
285:hydrogen
264:and the
238:gas grid
218:monoxide
203:pipeline
3705:Degrees
3698:Studies
3691:Science
3486:Tourism
3379:Geopark
3369:Finance
3364:Fashion
2939:Control
2827:Ethical
2736:Outline
2340:Georgia
2315:Belgium
2305:Armenia
2300:Albania
1611:Soybean
1605:Sorghum
1554:Cassava
1483:Ethanol
1466:Biomass
1436:Bagasse
1421:Alcohol
1130:12 June
579:: 1–9.
510:Biofuel
349:GoBiGas
195:methane
178:, is a
133:scholar
3654:(2015)
3631:(2000)
3625:(1997)
3609:(1992)
3597:(1987)
3529:Forest
3431:Market
3426:Living
3043:Energy
2899:Market
2661:
2415:Turkey
2405:Taiwan
2375:Russia
2355:Israel
2325:Brazil
2050:Sewage
2005:Litter
1910:, and
1657:Arundo
1589:Potato
1505:Stover
1451:Biogas
593:
515:Biogas
395:Divert
385:biogas
224:, the
188:fossil
184:biogas
135:
128:
121:
114:
106:
3684:Lists
3564:Waste
3476:Space
3384:Green
3118:Water
2877:Brand
2741:Index
2678:Lists
2668:Index
2395:Syria
2360:Japan
2350:India
2335:Egypt
1908:waste
1776:stove
1631:Wheat
1574:Maize
1564:Grape
1517:Straw
1426:Algae
1075:(PDF)
1005:2 May
979:2 May
973:di.se
672:3 May
645:3 May
619:3 May
569:(PDF)
369:NNFCC
140:JSTOR
126:books
3304:City
3071:Food
2498:WEEE
2483:RoHS
1771:mill
1720:Wood
1599:Rice
1569:Hemp
1510:corn
1303:2022
1275:2022
1247:2022
1219:2022
1132:2018
1124:ADBA
1083:2012
1055:2012
1007:2018
981:2018
955:2018
929:2017
904:2023
879:2023
853:2023
749:2023
724:2021
699:2021
674:2018
647:2018
621:2018
591:ISSN
577:2017
429:and
182:and
112:news
3294:Art
1636:Yam
1579:Oat
1239:Vox
1030:doi
776:doi
581:doi
209:).
199:CO2
95:by
3723::
1906:,
1695:Ă—
1292:.
1264:.
1236:.
1207:.
1122:.
1026:38
1024:.
998:.
971:.
946:.
920:.
895:.
870:.
844:.
772:20
770:.
766:.
740:.
715:.
690:.
664:.
637:.
611:.
589:.
575:.
571:.
445:.
425:,
421:,
2717:e
2710:t
2703:v
1896:e
1889:t
1882:v
1397:e
1390:t
1383:v
1347:?
1305:.
1277:.
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1134:.
1085:.
1057:.
1036:.
1032::
1009:.
983:.
957:.
931:.
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778::
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649:.
623:.
597:.
583::
162:)
156:(
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137:·
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56:(
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38:.
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