Natural gas vehicle

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there has been government arm-twisting to switch from LPG to CNG, with a rollout of CNG stations near Bangkok around 2007 and then upcountry in 2010, at times replacing LPG stations. Operators of used vehicles have balked at the massive conversion cost (up to quadruple that of LPG in Thailand), especially given Thailand's strong ultra-competitive domestic LPG conversion industry and retail CNG fuel cost (one and a half times). Thailand had some 700,000 LPG-fueled vehicles and 300,000 CNG fueled, with 1,000 LPG stations and 600 CNG as of 2011. Demand has increased 26% over 2011 for CNG in Thailand. As of the end of 2012, Thailand has 1,014,000 LPG fueled vehicles, and consumed 606,000 tonnes in 2012 of LPG, while 483 stations serve up some 380,000 CNG vehicles., showing that LPG conversion continues to enjoy heavy favor over NGVs despite a massive government push for CNG. CNG vehicles are more likely to be bought factory installed, while LPG is likely to be an aftermarket conversion. LNG vehicles in Thailand are almost non-existent except for lorries.

2075:, India's capital, though LPG became predominantly used due to its lower capital costs. Compressed Natural Gas is a domestic energy produced in Western parts of India. In India, most CNG vehicles are dual-fuelled, which means they can run both on CNG and petrol. This makes it very convenient, and users can drive long distances without worrying about the availability of natural gas (as long as petrol is available). As of December 2010, India had 1,080,000 NGVs and 560 fueling stations, many of the older ones being LPG rather than CNG. In addition, it is thought that more illegally converted LPG autos than legal ones ply the streets in India, some estimates are as high as 15 million "autos" (running the gamut of everything from LPG motored pedal bicycles to CNG buses) 458: 754:

little or no mechanical energy. A properly designed high-horsepower engine can leverage this high-pressure energy-dense gaseous fuel source to create a higher energy-density air-fuel mixture than can be efficiently created with a CNG-powered engine. Compared to CNG engines, the result is more overall efficiency in high-horsepower engine applications when high-pressure direct injection technology is used. The Westport HDMI2 fuel system is an example of a high-pressure direct injection technology that does not require a turbocharger if teamed with appropriate LNG heat exchanger technology. The Volvo Trucks 13-liter LNG engine is another example of an LNG engine leveraging advanced high-pressure technology.

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be stored in cryogenic cylinders (−162 to −129 °C (−260 to −200 °F)). These cylinders take up more space than gasoline or diesel tanks that can be molded in intricate shapes to store more fuel and use less on-vehicle space. CNG tanks are sometimes located in the vehicle's trunk or pickup bed, reducing the space for other cargo. This problem has been solved by installing the tanks under the vehicle's body or on the roof (typical for buses), leaving cargo areas free. As with alternative fuels, other barriers to the widespread use of NGVs are natural gas distribution and the lower number of CNG and LNG stations then liquid fuels.

2323: 1542: 347: 454:/h). At gas stations, where the pressure is greatly higher, it is possible to refill a 25 kg (10 GGE) tank in 5–10 minutes. Also, because of the lower energy density, the CNG range is lower compared to LNG. Gas composition and throughput allowing, it should be feasible to connect commercial CNG fueling stations to city gas networks or enable home fueling of CNG vehicles directly using a gas compressor. Similar to a car battery, the CNG tank of a car could double as a home energy storage device, and the compressor could be powered at times when there is excess / free renewable electrical energy. 1875: 750:

air-fuel mixture. Thus for the same cylinder displacement engine, a non-turbocharged CNG-powered engine is typically less powerful than a similarly sized gasoline or diesel engine. For that reason, turbochargers are popular in European CNG cars. Despite that limitation, the 12 litre Cummins Westport ISX12G engine is an example of a CNG capable engine designed to pull tractor/trailer loads up to 36 tonnes (80,000 lb) showing CNG can be used in most if not all on-road truck applications. The original ISX G engines incorporated a turbocharger to enhance the air-fuel energy density.

1738: 549:)) when compared to CNG. A vaporizer is mounted in the fuel system, turning the LNG into a gas (which may be considered low-pressure CNG). When comparing a commercial LNG station with a CNG station, utility infrastructure, capital cost, and electricity heavily favor LNG over CNG, but the availability of piped gas is more common than LNG delivery by tanker. There are existing LCNG stations (CNG and LNG), where fuel is stored as LNG, then vaporized to CNG on demand. LCNG stations require less capital cost than fast-fill CNG stations alone but more than LNG stations. 2110:

periodically waxes and wanes, getting the fuel into a tank can be a major problem. In July 2011, petrol usage shot up 15% from the month before due to shortages. Pakistan also has reported that over 2,000 people have died in 2011 from CNG cylinder blasts, because of low quality of cylinders there. In 2012, the Pakistani government decided to gradually phase out the CNG sector, beginning by banning any new conversions to CNG and banning the manufacturing of new NGV's. In addition, the government plans to close down all refueling stations in the next three years.

2213:, the use of compressed natural gas was originally introduced for taxicabs and airport limousines during the late 1990s, when new taxis were launched with NGV engines while taxicab operators were encouraged to send in existing taxis for full engine conversions, reducing their costs of operation. Any vehicle converted to use CNG is labelled with white rhombus "NGV" (Natural Gas Vehicle) tags, lending to the common use of "NGV" when referring to road vehicles with CNG engines. The practice of using CNG remained largely confined to taxicabs predominantly in the 2083:

after 1995 would have to run on unleaded fuel. By 1998, India was converted to 100% of unleaded fuel after the government ruled that diesel cars in India were restricted to 10,000 ppm after 1995. At the beginning of 2005, 10,300 CNG busses, 55,000 CNG three-wheeler taxis, 5,000 CNG minibuses, 10,000 CNG taxis and 10,000 CNG cars ran on India's roads (1982-2008 Product-Life Institute, Geneva). The Delhi Transport Corporation currently operates the world's largest fleet of CNG buses for public transport. Currently India stands third with 3.045 million NGVs.

711: 1534: 1711: 2155: 587:. Like NGVs, it also has advantages over gasoline and diesel in terms of cleaner emissions and less wear on engines than gasoline. A major drawback of LPG is its safety. The fuel is volatile and flammable, and the fumes are heavier than air, which causes them to collect in a low spot in the event of a leak, making it far more hazardous to use. More care is needed in handling this. Besides this, LPG (40% from Crude Oil refining) has historically been more expensive than Natural Gas, even though the energy density per weight is higher. 2255: 1241: 2124: 1864: 53: 1746: 2197: 2060: 33: 1788: 1629: 1290: 1140: 958: 880: 780: 601: 480: 129: 247:

concerns to increasing gas inventories in urban areas; dual-use of utility distribution networks originally built for home gas supply and allocation of network expansion costs; reluctance, effort and costs associated with switching; prestige and nostalgia associated with petroleum vehicles; fear of redundancy and disruption. A particular challenge may be that refiners are currently set up to produce a certain fuel mix from crude oil.

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of a planned network of U.S. truck stop LNG stations in California, USA. Per the alternative fuel fuelling centre tracking site there are 10 LNG capable public fuel stations in the greater Los Angeles area, making it the single most penetrated metro market. As of February 2015, Blu LNG has at least 23 operational LNG capable fuel centers across 8 states, and Clean Energy had 39 operational public LNG facilities.

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of NGV market in Iran has in large part been due to Iranian government intervention to decrease the society's dependence on gasoline. This governmental plan was implemented to reduce the effect of sanctions on Iran and make the nation's domestic market less dependent on imported gasoline. Iran has been manufacturing its own NGV's through local manufacturing using

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Navigators titles. On 28 October 2012, after having raced in seven European countries, collecting three wins, two second places and additional points, the team won the FIA Alternative Energies Drivers and Constructors world titles. For the first time, a methane-powered car won an FIA world title. In 2013, the team raced in the FIA Alternative Energies Cup and

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requires far less compression (20% of CNG cost), is denser and easier to store as at this lower pressure it is a liquid at room temperature, and thus requires far cheaper tanks (consumer) and fuel compressors (provider) than CNG. As compared to LNG, it requires no chilling (and thus less energy) or problems associated with the extreme cold such as

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in 2008, operated by Smart Automobile. The company plans to build another four stations by 2011, by which time the company projects to operate 3,000 to 4,000 CNG taxis, and with 10,000 CNG public and commercial vehicles of other types on Singapore's roads. Sembcorp Gas opened its second CNG station a

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As the price of oil climbed rapidly, it was estimated more than 40,000 new cars and trucks powered by natural gas were purchased in six months in 2008, including many buses. That year, about half of the taxi fleet in Bangkok used LPG and was prodded to convert to CNG, with little success. Since 2008,

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This figure includes 150 urban transit buses, 45 school buses, 9,450 light-duty cars and trucks, and 2,400 forklifts and ice-resurfacers. The total fuel use in all NGV markets in Canada was 1.9 petajoules (PJs) in 2007 (or 54.6 million liters of gasoline liters equivalent), down from 2.6 PJs in 1997.

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LNG offers a unique advantage over CNG for more demanding high-horsepower applications by eliminating the need for a turbocharger. Because LNG boils at approximately -160 °C, using a simple heat exchanger, a small amount of LNG can be converted to its gaseous form at extremely high pressure with

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Natural gas does not auto-ignite at pressures and temperatures relevant to traditional gasoline and diesel engine design, thus providing more flexibility in the design of a natural gas engine. Methane, the main component of natural gas, has an autoignition temperature of 580 °C, whereas gasoline

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CNG, or compressed natural gas, is stored at high pressure, 210 to 250 bar (3,000 to 3,600 psi). The required tank is more massive and costly than a conventional fuel tank. Commercial on-demand refueling stations are more expensive to operate than LNG stations because of the energy required

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models with CNG kits from Prins Autogassystemen by the end of 2008, while a local distributor of locally assembled Hyundai cars offers new models with CNG kits. Conversion centres, which also benefited from the rush for lower running costs, also perform partial conversions to existing road vehicles,

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which use gasoline only as a backup fuel. Also by 2012, Iranian manufacturers had the capacity to build 1.5 million CNG cylinders per year and therefore Iranian government has banned their imports to support the local manufacturers. In addition CNG in Iran costs the least compared to the rest of the

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By the end of 2015, Iran had the world's largest fleet of NGV at 3.5 million vehicles. The share of compressed natural gas in the national fuel basket is more than 23%. CNG consumption by Iran's transportation sector is around 20 million cubic meters per day. There are 2,335 CNG stations. The growth

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As of December 2009, the U.S. had a fleet of 114,270 compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles, 147,030 vehicles running on liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), and 3,176 vehicles running on liquefied natural gas (LNG). The NGV fleet is made up mostly of transit buses, but there are also some government fleet

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Natural gas traction is quite popular in Italy, due to the existence of a capillary distribution network for industrial use since the late 50s and a traditionally high retail price for petrol. As of April 2012 there were about 1500 filling stations, spread on the entire country except for the island

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With a compressed natural gas (CNG) engine, the mixing of the fuel and the air is more effective since gases typically mix well in a short period of time. Still, at typical CNG compression pressures, the fuel itself is less energy dense than gasoline or diesel thus the result is a lower energy dense

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have bi-fuel offerings in their vehicle lineup. Ford's approach is to offer a bi-fuel prep kit as a factory option and then have the customer choose an authorized partner to install the natural gas equipment. Choosing GM's bi-fuel option sends the HD pickups with the 6.0L gasoline engine to IMPCO in

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products such as petrol, diesel or coal, or indeed be a less valuable by-product associated with their production that has to be disposed of. Many countries also provide tax incentives for natural gas-powered vehicles due to the environmental benefits to society. Lower operating costs and government

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Obstacles to widespread NGV adoption for private vehicles include concerns over additional weight, technological unfamiliarity, and limited refueling infrastructure in some regions. Nevertheless, global NGV numbers reached nearly 28 million by 2019, with significant market presence in countries such

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Natural Gas has been used as a motor fuel in Canada for over 20 years. With assistance from federal and provincial research programs, demonstration projects, and NGV market deployment programs during the 1980s and 1990s, the population of light-duty NGVs grew to over 35,000 by the early 1990s. This

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If via a turbocharger as an example, the 1800cc engine were using an air-fuel mixture that was significantly more energy dense, then it might be able to produce more power than a 2000cc engine burning a less energy-dense air-fuel mixture. However, turbochargers are both complex and expensive. Thus,

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Clean Energy Fuels has opened several public LNG Fuel Lanes along I-10 and claims that as of June 2014, LNG fueled trucks can use the route from Los Angeles to Houston, USA by refueling exclusively at Clean Energy Fuels public facilities. In 2014 Shell and Travel Centers of America opened the first

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LNG, or liquified natural gas, is natural gas that has been cooled to the point that it is a cryogenic liquid. Its liquid state is still more than twice as dense as CNG. LNG is either dispensed from bulk storage tanks or made locally from utility pipes at LNG fuel stations. Because of its cryogenic

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Other challenges include relatively expensive and environmentally insensitive but convenience-seeking private individuals; good profits and taxes extractable from small-batch sales of value-added, branded petrol and diesel fuels via established trade channels and oil refiners; resistance and safety

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Despite its advantages, the use of natural gas vehicles faces several limitations, including fuel storage and infrastructure available for delivery and distribution at fueling stations. CNG must be stored in high-pressure cylinders (21,000 to 25,000 kPa (3,000 to 3,600 psi)), and LNG must

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Given a generous natural gas supply but relying on imported oil, the Thailand government heavily promoted alternative fuels like LPG, natural gas and ethanol to replace gasoline beginning around 2003. Yet, NGV was very slow to take off due to cheaper LPG fuel, a pre-existing LPG fleet, and the low

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Ukraine's first compressed natural gas refueling station (CNGS) was commissioned in 1937. Today, there is a well-developed CNGS network across the country. Many buses were converted to run on CNG during the 1990s, primarily for economic reasons. The retrofitted cylinders are often visible atop the

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at high pressure (205 to 275 bars (2,970 to 3,990 psi)). These containers are not typically temperature controlled but are allowed to stay at local ambient temperature. There are many standards for CNG cylinders. The most popular one is ISO 11439. For North America the standard is ANSI NGV-2.

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High horsepower engines in the oil drilling, mining, locomotive, and marine fields have been or are being developed. Paul Blomerus has written a paper concluding as much as 40 million tonnes per annum of LNG could be required to meet the global needs of the high-horsepower engines by 2025 to 2030.

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UPS had over 1200 LNG fueled trucks on the roads in February 2015. UPS has 16,000 tractor trucks in its fleet, and 60 of the new 2014 large trucks will be placed in service in the Houston, USA area, where UPS is building its own private LNG fuel center to avoid the lines at retail fuel centers. In

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NGV filling stations can be located anywhere natural gas lines exist. Compressors (CNG) or liquefaction plants (LNG) are usually built on a large scale, but small home CNG refueling stations are possible. A company called Fuel Maker pioneered a system called Phil Home Refueling Appliance (known as

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As can be seen at the alternative fuel fueling center tracking site, as of early 2015 there is a void of LNG fuel centers, public and private, from Illinois to the Rockies. A Noble Energy LNG production plant in northern Colorado was planned to go online in the first quarter of 2015 and to have a

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In 2013, Dillon Transport announced they were putting 25 large LNG trucks into service in Dallas, USA. They are refueling at a public LNG fuel center. The same year Raven Transportation announced they were buying 36 LNG large trucks to be fueled by Clean Energy Fuels locations and Lowe's finished

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than diesel and gasoline. Emissions are cleaner, with lower emissions of carbon and lower particulate emissions per equivalent distance traveled. There is generally less wasted fuel. However, the cost (monetary, environmental, pre-existing infrastructure) of distribution, compression, and cooling

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under the Public Interest Litigation rule, which is part of the Constitution of India and enables any citizen to address the Supreme Court directly. The lawyer's case was about the health risks caused by air pollution emitted from road vehicles. The Supreme Court decided that cars in circulation

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with 215 CNG refueling stations in operation, 228 LPG sites and 32 LNG sites. The number of refueling stations includes public and private sites; not all are available to the public. As of December 2010, the U.S. ranked sixth in the world in terms of number of NGV stations. Currently, there are

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With traditional gasoline and diesel engines, the energy density of the air-fuel mixture is limited because the liquid fuels do not mix well in the cylinder. Further, gasoline and diesel auto-ignite at temperatures and pressures relevant to engine design. An important part of traditional engine

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China had 450,000 NGV's and 870 refueling stations as of 2009. China in 2012 had 1 million NGVs on the roads, 3 million forecasts for 2015, and over 2000 stations (CNG and LPG), with plans for 12,000 by 2020. Currently, China leads the World with 5 million NGVs China also has a lot of vehicles

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Autogas, also known as LPG or propane, has a different chemical composition. However, it is still a petroleum-based gas produced from refining petroleum oil and has several inherent advantages and disadvantages, as well as noninherent ones. The inherent advantage of autogas over CNG is that it

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In places like the US, Thailand, and India, there are five to ten times more LPG stations, thus making the fuel more accessible than NGV stations. In some countries like Poland, South Korea, and Turkey, LPG stations and autos are widespread, while NGVs are not. In addition, retail LPG fuel is

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while in the role of navigator, alternate Valeria Strada, Alessandro Talmelli and Fulvio Ciervo. On October 14, 2012, at the end of the seventh Ecorally San Marino-Vatican, with three wins and second place (out of four races), the Team also won the Italian CSAI Alternative Energy Pilots and

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Pakistan was the country with the second largest fleet of NGV with a total of 2.85 million by the end of 2011. Most of the public transportation fleet has been converted to CNG. Also, in Pakistan and India, there have been on-going (last several years now) series of CNG fuel shortages which

205:. This allows for the use of CNG in mobility with significantly lower carbon emissions compared to regular diesel-powered vehicles. It would also allow the continued use of CNG vehicles currently powered by non-renewable fossil fuels so that those vehicles do not become obsolete if stricter 361:

Existing gasoline-powered vehicles may be converted to run on CNG or LNG, and can be dedicated (running only on natural gas) or bi-fuel (running on either gasoline or natural gas). However, an increasing number of vehicles worldwide are being manufactured to run on CNG. Until recently, the

2226:, Malaysia's state-owned oil company, also monopolizes the provision of CNG to road users. As of July 2008, Petronas only operates about 150 CNG refueling stations, most of which are concentrated in the Klang Valley. At the same time, another 50 was expected by the end of 2008. 1519:

of Italy in the 1930s, followed by New Zealand in the 1980s, though its use has declined there. At the peak of New Zealand's natural gas use, 10% of the nation's cars were converted, around 110,000 vehicles. In the United States CNG powered buses are the favorite choice of several

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One thing they share is that due to engines made for gasoline, computer-controlled valves to control fuel mixtures are required for both of them, often being proprietary and specific to the manufacturer. The on-engine technology for fuel metering is the same for LNG and CNG.

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were operating on CNG. Hyundai motor developed a CNG hybrid bus with 34.5% more-fuel efficiency and 30% lower pollution compared to CNG buses. As a result, the Seoul city government plans to change to CNG hybrid buses for 2,235 low-bed disabled-friendly CNG buses in Seoul.

1261:). Storage temperatures may vary due to varying composition and storage pressure. LNG is far denser than even the highly compressed state of CNG. As a consequence of the low temperatures, vacuum-insulated storage tanks typically made of stainless steel are used to hold LNG. 670:

Though ANG (adsorbed natural gas) has not yet been used in either providing stations nor consumer storage tanks, its low compression (34 bar (500 psi) vs 250 bar (3,600 psi)) has the potential to drive down costs of NGV infrastructure and vehicle tanks.

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Westport recommends CNG for engines 7 litres or smaller and LNG with direct injection for engines between 20 and 150 litres. For engines between 7 and 20 litres, either option is recommended. See slide 13 from their NGV BRUXELLES – INDUSTRY INNOVATION SESSION presentation

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design is designing the cylinders, compression ratios, and fuel injectors such that pre-ignition is avoided, but at the same time as much fuel as possible can be injected, become well mixed, and still have time to complete the combustion process during the power stroke.

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for compression; the compressor requires 100 times more electrical power. However, slow-fill (many hours) can be cost-effective with LNG stations . The time to fill a CNG tank varies greatly depending on the station. Home refuels typically fill at about 1 kg/h (0.4

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American Gas & Technology pioneered the use of onsite liquefaction using van sized station to access Natural Gas from utility pipe and clean, liquefy, store, and dispense it. Their stations make 1,100–18,900 litres (300–5,000 US gal) of LNG per day.

1276:(MOFs). The fuel is stored at similar or greater energy density than CNG. This means that vehicles can be refuelled from the natural gas network without extra gas compression, and the fuel tanks can be slimmed down and made of lighter, less strong materials. 765:

As of the end of the first quarter of 2015, Prometheus Energy Group Inc claims to have delivered over 100 million gallons (380 million litres) of LNG within the previous four years into the industrial market, and is continuing to add new customers.

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A key advantage of using natural gas is the existence, in principle, of most of the infrastructure and supply chain, which is non-interchangeable with hydrogen. Methane today mostly comes from non-renewable sources but can be supplied or produced from

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introduced the MultiPower engine in August 2004 which was capable of using CNG, alcohol and gasoline as fuel. The GM engine has electronic fuel injection that automatically adjusts to any acceptable fuel configuration. This motor was used in the

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trucks. As of 12-Dec-2013, Waste Management has a fleet of 2000 CNG Collection trucks; as of 12-Dec-2013, UPS has 2700 alternative fuel vehicles. As of February 2011, there were 873 CNG refueling sites, 2,589 LPG sites, and 40 LNG sites, led by

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due to a lack of interest. No incentives were offered for those besides taxicab owners to use CNG engines. At the same time, government subsidies on petrol and diesel made conventional road vehicles cheaper to use in the eyes of the consumers.

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LNG – and especially CNG – tends to corrode and wear the parts of an engine less rapidly than gasoline. Thus, it is quite common to find diesel-engine NGVs with high mileages (over 800,000 km (500,000 mi)). CNG also emits 20-29% less

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mitigate energy density differences, trade-offs regarding storage container size, complexity, and weight impact vehicle range. Despite these challenges, the safety and cost advantages of methane over hydrogen fuel contribute to its viability.

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A new category of motorcar racing unites teams which compete with cars powered by natural gas, to demonstrate the effectiveness of natural gas as an alternative fuel. ECOMOTORI (magazine) Racing Team The magazine's team participates in the

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Recently, regulations involving certification of installations in the USA have been loosened to include certified private companies, those same kit installations for CNG have fallen to the $ 6,000+ range (depending on the type of vehicle).

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In internal combustion engines, the volume of the cylinders is a common measure of the power of an engine. Thus, a 2000cc engine would typically be more powerful than a 1800cc engine, but that assumes a similar air-fuel mixture is used.

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Public CNG refueling stations have declined in numbers from 134 in 1997 to 72 today. There are 22 in British Columbia, 12 in Alberta, 10 in Saskatchewan, 27 in Ontario, and 1 in Québec. There are only 12 private fleet stations.

1697:. The latter company purchased 53 double-decker gas buses between 2017 and 2018, earning them the world record for the largest fleet of CNG buses in the world. In 2019, Nottingham City Transport purchased a further 67 CNG buses. 943:

use LNG to power their turbofans. Aircraft are susceptible to weight; much of an aircraft's weight goes into fuel carriage. Liquified natural gas has a high specific energy (MJ/kg), a useful optimization for flight applications.

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in mid-2007, of which about 110 are taxis operated by Smart Automobile. By February 2008, the number has risen to 520 CNG vehicles, of which about half are taxis. All vehicles had to refuel at the sole CNG station operated by

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blend (Brazil's normal ethanol gasoline blend), pure gasoline (not available in Brazil), and natural gas, and switches from the gasoline-ethanol blend to CNG automatically, depending on the power required by road conditions.

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it becomes clear that for high-horsepower/high-torque engines, a fuel that can inherently be used to create an energy-dense dense air-fuel mixture is preferred because a smaller and simpler engine can produce the same power.

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In the United States, there were 69 public truck LNG fuel centers as of February 2015. The 2013 National Trucker's Directory lists approximately 7,000 truck stops, thus approximately 1% of US truck stops have LNG available.

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As of 2009 Argentina had 1,807,186 NGV's with 1,851 refueling stations across the nation, or 15% of all vehicles; and Brazil had 1,632,101 vehicles and 1,704 refueling stations, with a higher concentration in the cities of

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Shengqian Ma; Daofeng Sun; Jason M. Simmons; Christopher D. Collier; Daqiang Yuan; Hong-Cai Zhou (2008). "Metal-Organic Framework from an Anthracene Derivative Containing Nanoscopic Cages Exhibiting High Methane Uptake".

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in main cities of Argentina and Brazil. Normally, standard gasoline vehicles are retrofitted in specialized shops, which involve installing the gas cylinder in the trunk, the CNG injection system, and electronics.

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As fuel subsidies were gradually removed in Malaysia starting June 5, 2008, the subsequent 41% price hike on petrol and diesel led to a 500% increase in the number of new CNG tanks installed. National car maker

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Peru had 81,024 NGVs and 94 fueling stations as 2009,. In Peru, several factory-built CNVs have tanks installed under the vehicle's body, leaving the trunk free. Among the models built with this feature are the

284:, allowing these vehicles to run on either gasoline or CNG. In Pakistan, almost every vehicle converted to (or manufactured for) alternative fuel use typically retains the capability of running on gasoline. 1256:

LNG storage pressures are typically around 3 to 10 bar. At atmospheric pressure, LNG is at a temperature of -162 °C. However, in a vehicle tank under pressure, the temperature is slightly higher (see

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agencies, with a fleet of more than 114,000 vehicles, mostly buses. India, Australia, Argentina, and Germany also have widespread use of natural gas-powered buses in their public transportation fleets.

866:. LNG carriers are sometimes powered by the boil-off of LNG from their storage tanks, although Diesel powered LNG carriers are also common to minimize loss of cargo and enable more versatile refueling. 2042:, Brazil, run on this option, allowing the user to choose among three fuels (E25, E100 and CNG) according to the current market prices at the pump. Vehicles with this adaptation are known in Brazil as 5095:– International project dedicated to the development of an ever-growing demand for environmentally friendly eco-sustainable vehicles, specifically to promote the use of cleaner fuels such as CNG and 2385:

Championships. The "500 Eco barth" dominated the season, winning five out of five titles. Thanks to the team's work, the Abarth once again won a constructors' title since its last win 46 years ago.

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Aside from different fuel tanks, fuel metering, and computer modules, the engines in NG vehicles could be run by CNG or LNG without requiring any modification because both are forms of natural gas.

2376:. In 2012, the team, led by Nicola Ventura, competed with a Fiat 500 Abarth, modified to run on natural gas with a Cavagna/Bigas fuel conversion kit and thus renamed "500 EcoAbarth". The driver is 1725:

assistance resulted in a significant adoption of natural gas transit buses as well. The NGV market started to decline after 1995, eventually reaching today's vehicle population of about 12,000.

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Conversion kits for gasoline or diesel to LNG/CNG are available in many countries, along with the labor to install them. However, the range of prices and quality of conversion vary enormously.

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buses, use the fuel. However, since 2010, the government has emphasised using CNG for vehicle fuel and domestic consumption over wood burning (which can produce deadly methanol) and kerosene.

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vehicle's roof and/or underneath the body. Despite their age, these buses remain in service and continue to provide reliable public transport combined with the environmental benefits of CNG.

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As of December 2011, Germany has 900 CNG filling stations in service. Gibgas, an independent consumer group, estimates that 21% of all CNG filling stations in the country offer a natural gas/

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LNG is being evaluated and tested for over-the-road trucking, off-road, marine, and railroad applications. There are known problems with the fuel tanks and the delivery of gas to the engine.

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Natural gas vehicles are popular in regions or countries where natural gas is abundant and where the government chooses to price CNG lower than gasoline. The use of natural gas began in the

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had a fleet of 160,000 NG vehicles, including 3,176 LNG vehicles. Other countries where natural gas-powered buses are popular include India, Australia, Argentina, Germany, and Greece. In

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The article argues that even though Fiat called it tetra fuel, it actually runs on three fuels: natural gas, ethanol, and gasoline, as Brazilian gasoline is an E20 to E25 blend.

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Introduced the first NGV on 17 July 2012. It will operate on the 216 city centre to Mount Oval, Rochestown, route until mid-August on trial being undertaken in partnership with

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Indiana to upfit the vehicle to run on CNG. Ram currently is the only pickup truck manufacturer with a truly CNG factory-installed bi-fuel system available in the U.S. market.

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Though LNG and CNG are both considered NGVs, the technologies are vastly different. Refueling equipment, fuel cost, pumps, tanks, hazards, and capital costs are different.

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of one cubic meter yields 38 MJ (10.6 kWh). Natural gas has the highest energy/carbon ratio of any fossil fuel and thus produces less carbon dioxide per unit of energy.

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conversion cost of local LPG conversion shops compared to factory-installed CNG or conversion. A significant effort was made when the state-controlled oil company

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has for over a 15 years run autogas taxi cabs in Bangkok, though autos and buses had erroneously labelled NGV stickers on them, when in fact, were LPG fuelled.

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The natural gas vehicle market is limited to fleet vehicles and other public use vehicles like minibuses in larger cities. However, the state-owned bus company

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In 2015, Honda announced its decision to phase out the commercialization of natural-gas-powered vehicles to focus on the development of a new generation of

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gasoline blend, Brazil's mandatory gasoline; and pure gasoline. However, it is no longer available in Brazil but is used in other neighboring countries.

234:

incentives to reduce pollution from heavy vehicles in urban areas have driven the adoption of NGV for commercial and public uses, i.e. trucks and buses.

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nature, it is stored in specially designed insulated tanks. Generally speaking, these tanks operate at fairly low pressures (about 5 to 10

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sources, offering net carbon-neutral mobility. In many markets, especially the Americas, natural gas may trade at a discount to other

5067: 5018: 4145: 3826:"ISO 11439:2000, Gas cylinders -- High pressure cylinders for the on-board storage of natural gas as a fuel for automotive vehicles" 3610: 3293: 570:

than gasoline, with an octane rating of 112 RON/105 AKI for propane and 120 RON/120 AKI for methane, making it less likely to cause

80:, NGV's rely on methane combustion, resulting in cleaner emissions due to the removal of contaminants from the natural gas source. 5116: 4258:

The article argues that even though Fiat called it tetra fuel, it actually runs on three fuels: natural gas, ethanol, and gasoline.

1574:. Also, the Public Gas Company (DEPA) has a network of 14 stations (as of June 2020), under brand "Fisikon", with expansion plans. 303:

with 20%. The number of NGV refueling stations has also increased to 18,202 worldwide as of 2010, up 10.2% from the previous year.

4101: 3279: 2581: 4683: 4387: 3814:

Schuler, Mike (19 April 2015). "Introducing ISLA BELLA – World's First LNG-Powered Containership Launched at NASSCO". gCaptain.

2763: 1920:

CNG vehicles are common in South America, with a 35% share of the worldwide NGV fleet, where these vehicles are mainly used as

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Natural Gas) tank at 35 bar (500 psi, the pressure of gas in natural gas pipelines) in various sponge-like materials, such as

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Super Aero City CNG-Propelled buses to integrate with the existing fleet as well as to introduce new routes within the city.

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Challenges in NGV adoption include the storage and refueling of natural gas, given its pressurized or liquefied state. While

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for the American GX model. Phil is now manufactured and sold by BRC Fuel Maker, a division of Fuel Systems Solutions, Inc.

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An increasing number of vehicles worldwide are being manufactured to run on CNG by major carmakers. Until recently, the

5051: 4698: 4594: 4528: 4451: 2838: 5452: 4990: 2705: 2427: 1835: 1676: 1337: 1187: 1005: 927: 827: 648: 527: 176: 3915: 2015: 1899: 1817: 1658: 1319: 1169: 987: 909: 809: 630: 509: 407: 379: 158: 457: 4273: 687:

China has been a leader in the use of LNG vehicles with over 100,000 LNG powered vehicles on the road as of 2014.

5467: 5204: 4297: 4079: 3916:"China's Gas-Fueled Vehicle Population Rose to the World Top - Business News - NEWS - 第十一届中国国际天然气汽车/船、发动机、加气站展览会" 2189:

built a network of natural gas refueling stations. The cost of subsidy was estimated at US$ 150 million in 2008.

295:

countries, there are around 500,000 CNG vehicles. Pakistan's market share of NGVs was 61.1% in 2010, followed by

189:

CNG may be generated and used for bulk storage and pipeline transport of renewable energy and also be mixed with

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is likely to remain the fuel of choice for aircraft due to its weight sensitivity for the foreseeable future

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CNG buses are operating in other major South Korean cities like Busan, Daegu, Daejeon, Gwangju and Incheon.

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CNG Delhi – the world's cleanest public bus system running on CNG: Interview with Anumita Roychaudhary, CES

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cars and vans, as well as an increasing number of corporate trucks replacing diesel versions, most notably

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A Student's Guide to Alternative Fuel Vehicles: Compressed natural gas - natural gas under high pressure

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world. In 2012, the Iranian government announced a plan to replace the traditional CNG cylinders with

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has increased its fleet from 10,000 in 2003 to 121,908 units in 2009, with 128 refueling stations.

1798: 1639: 1300: 1150: 968: 890: 840: 790: 611: 490: 375: 139: 2507: 429:. Since 2008, Honda sold about 16,000 natural gas vehicles, mainly to taxi and commercial fleets. 366:

was the only NGV commercially available in the US market. More recently, Ford, General Motors and

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Since 2003 and with the commercial success of flex cars in Brazil, another existing option is to

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introduced the Multipower engine in 2004, which was capable of using CNG, alcohol, and gasoline (

143: 100: 77: 3069: 2975: 2322: 5832: 5671: 5509: 5348: 5289: 4562: 2684: 2654: 2643: 2079: 107: 69: 3577: 2483:. FuelMaker Corporation - World Leader in Convenient On-Site Refueling Systems. Archived from 1874: 5702: 5630: 5582: 5457: 3878: 2027: 1891: 1857: 1765: 1761: 1737: 546: 351: 96: 95:

options. Heavy-duty vehicles such as trucks and buses can also undergo conversion, utilizing

73: 3757:"LNG AS A FUEL FOR DEMANDING HIGH HORSEPOWER ENGINE APPLICATIONS: TECHNOLOGY AND APPROACHES" 3137: 5827: 5411: 5029: 707:

capacity of 100,000 gallons of LNG per day for on-road, off-road, and drilling operations.

422: 3789:"Prometheus agreement with WPX Energy to supply LNG and equipment for drilling operations" 8: 4906: 4879: 4847: 4816: 4784: 4749: 4156: 3614: 3383:"Clean Energy Opens Interstate 10 Highway Between Los Angeles and Houston to LNG Fueling" 1714: 1541: 202: 5122: 3861: 2137:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

710: 577: 5343: 4107: 3090: 2585: 1749: 1205: 316: 4048:"Use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as Motor Fuel in Ukraine, Prospects and Problems" 3681: 2301:

CNG is almost unheard of as a transport fuel before 2010 in the archipelago except in

1940:

Colombia had an NGV fleet of 300,000 vehicles, and 460 refueling stations as of 2009.

1710: 5749: 5615: 5462: 5386: 5318: 5243: 3897: 3049: 2895:"Astra é líder no segmento dos compactos em 2004: As versões do Chevrolet Astra 2005" 2658: 2460: 2248: 2231: 2154: 1957: 1718: 1209: 426: 327:

have bi-fuel offerings in their vehicle lineup. In 2006, the Brazilian subsidiary of

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are economical and common on land and across medium-length stretches of water (like

5640: 5620: 5587: 5440: 5391: 5363: 5261: 5184: 4315: 4054: 3889: 2788: 2484: 2377: 1961: 1533: 1269: 1097: 414: 3725:"An innovative vision for LNG Fuel System for MD Diesel Dual Fuel Engine(DDF+LNG)" 2247:

allowing them to run on both petrol or diesel and CNG with a cost varying between

5817: 5807: 5697: 5333: 2954: 2093: 2003: 1753: 1258: 1240: 746:

and diesel autoignite at approximately 250 °C and 210 °C respectively.

571: 395: 92: 4491: 3636: 357:

retrofitted to run also as an NGV with CNG tanks underneath the body in the rear

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2.0 model 2005, aimed at the taxi market. In 2006, the Brazilian subsidiary of

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as an alternative fuel source. Distinguished from autogas vehicles fueled by

45: 5196: 4455: 4120: 3658:"Development of the High-Pressure Direct-Injection ISX G Natural Gas Engine" 3657: 1906:); or runs as a bi-fuel with CNG. Below: the CNG storage tanks in the trunk 1863: 5712: 5577: 5557: 5542: 5477: 5418: 5406: 4505: 3991: 3901: 2306: 2259: 2214: 1983: 1745: 273: 52: 4998: 4106:, International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles, 2010, archived from 2712: 2431: 2196: 2035: 1934: 1537:

CNG-powered bus in Rome, Italy with gas tank container visible on the roof

5562: 5276: 5253: 5169:"Developing a Natural GasPowered Bus Rapid Transit Service: A Case Study" 5151: 3923: 2842: 2352: 2331: 2263: 2239: 2235: 2159: 2059: 1853: 1225: 1042: 1024: 728: 315:

was the only NGV commercially available in the US market. More recently,

230: 88: 2872:(in Portuguese). Institutio Brasileiro de Petroleo e Gas. Archived from 699:

Amarillo, USA and Oklahoma City, USA, UPS is using public fuel centers.

2098: 2030:

to add a natural gas tank and the corresponding injection system. Some

1999: 1988: 1953: 1883: 1770: 1559: 1229: 1118: 542: 391: 383: 367: 332: 324: 190: 3893: 3315:"Legislation Would End the Disparity in the way LNG and LPG are Taxed" 3276:"Clean Energy commits to serving 36 new heavy-duty LNG-powered trucks" 721:

As of 2014, LNG fuel and NGV's had not achieved much usage in Europe.

338:

CNG-powered vehicles are considered safer than gasoline-powered ones.

5742: 5737: 5722: 5547: 5519: 5514: 5304: 5299: 5235: 4682:. Thailand, Bangkok: NGV Global News. August 19, 2008. Archived from 4680:"PTT Softens Loans for Truck Operators – Over $ 30 Million Available" 4557: 4367: 2611:"Pike Research predicts 68% jump in global CNG vehicle sales by 2016" 2347:

For the purpose of improving air quality in the metropolitan area of

2276: 1968: 1887: 1516: 1201: 1110:) is a common contaminant, which must be removed prior to most uses. 584: 578:

Inherent advantages/disadvantages between autogas (LPG) power and NGV

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Stacy C. Davis; Susan W. Diegel & Robert G. Boundy (June 2011).

2584:. International Association for Natural Gas Vehicles. Archived from 1787: 1628: 1289: 1139: 957: 879: 779: 600: 479: 402:

Brazil. This automobile can run on natural gas (CNG); 100% ethanol (

128: 5812: 5607: 5597: 5112:– Forum, technical info, maps (also in English, German, and French) 4991:"Current Natural Gas Vehicle Statistics - NGV Global Knowledgebase" 4188:. International Association of Natural Gas Vehicles. Archived from 2281: 2223: 2210: 2178: 2167: 2064: 2023: 1895: 1606:, while the fleet reached 730,000 CNG vehicles at the end of 2010. 1603: 1546: 1265: 1220:), but are impractical across large oceans. Liquefied natural gas ( 1101: 1090: 1073: 1056: 1045:

molecule. It may also contain heavier gaseous hydrocarbons such as

1035: 198: 84: 4078:

Schmidt, Lawrence; Politylo, Jason; Pinto, Sarah (November 2005),

2288:

until the opening of the first publicly accessible CNG station at

566:

must be taken into account. In addition, natural gas has a higher

5681: 5661: 5531: 5396: 5266: 4951:"Singapore's largest CNG refuelling station opens at Mandai Link" 4408:

The Contribution of Natural Gas Vehicles to Sustainable Transport

4369:

Ahmadinejad's Gas Revolution: A Plan to Defeat Economic Sanctions

3460: 2327: 2305:, where a very relatively minor number of vehicles, most notably 2302: 2031: 1941: 1921: 1879: 1063: 1028: 715: 354: 300: 296: 5159: 5102: 4429:[NGV fuel tanks must be inspected in 91]. Archived from 679: 5802: 5552: 5096: 2289: 2218: 1964:

Ecofuel, and the Chevy Taxi. Right now, Peru has 224,035 NGVs.

1590: 1571: 1264:

CNG can be stored at lower pressure in a form known as an ANG (

1107: 1084: 1080: 1067: 1050: 1046: 1032: 194: 115:

as China, Iran, India, Pakistan, Argentina, Brazil, and Italy.

40: 5121:, California Energy Commission, April 22, 2002, archived from 4966:"Singapore's first public CNG station to be ready by Jan 2008" 4492:"Iran plans to substitute compressed gas with ANG in vehicles" 4121:

Natural Gas Use in Transportation Roundtable (December 2010),

3438: 3294:"Lowe's Launches Natural Gas-Powered Truck Fleet At Texas RDC" 2640: 1562:

mix to varying ratios, and 38 stations offer pure biomethane.

276:

region leads the world with 6.8 million vehicles, followed by

2351:, CNG buses were first introduced in July 1997. By 2014, all 2348: 2072: 1972: 1586: 695:

converting one of its dedicated fleets to LNG fueled trucks.

261: 5109: 280:

with 4.2 million. In Latin America, almost 90% of NGVs have

4595:"Petrol sales at record high in July owing to CNG shortage" 4087:, Government of Alberta, Infrastructure Policy and Planning 3180:"Choking Smog Puts Chinese Driver in Natural Gas Fast Lane" 2007: 1995: 590: 399: 387: 328: 292: 288: 5040: 4614:"Over 2,000 killed in CNG cylinder blasts in 2011: report" 4007:"Natural gas bus hits the streets in bid to cut fuel bill" 3847: 3611:"Turbocharging Boosting Demand for CNG Vehicles in Europe" 3159:"Development of LNG Fueling Stations in China vs. in U.S." 947: 662:

considerably cheaper in some countries, such as Thailand.

91:

vehicles to NGVs is feasible, offering both dedicated and

5572: 4632:"Time is up: Government to wipe out CNG sector gradually" 4427:"بازرسي مخازن سوخت خودروهاي گازسوز در سال 91، الزامي است" 4045: 2530:"BRC FuelMaker Again Selling Phill Home CNG Fuel Station" 1221: 859: 4872: 2816:. About.com: Hybrid Cars & Alt Fuels. Archived from 2459:. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd, England. pp. 40–41. 2339:

running of Petrol blended with Methanol as M15 and M85.

432: 3112:"Next energy revolution will be on roads and railroads" 2950:"Honda will drop CNG vehicles to focus on hybrids, EVs" 2334:

started using natural gas vehicles since September 1999

4375:, Institute for the Analysis of Global Security (IAGS) 4053:. 23rd World Gas Conference, Amsterdam. Archived from 4025:"Sono 1.500 i distributori di metano attivi in Italia" 3946:"Forecast: 17M Natural Gas Vehicles Worldwide by 2015" 3503:"Noble's LNG facility in Colorado remains on schedule" 2811: 1689:

CNG buses are beginning to be used in the UK, e.g. by

1570:

Greece uses natural gas buses for public transport in

729:

Use of LNG to fuel high-horsepower/high-torque engines

555: 4124:

Natural Gas Use in the Canadian Transportation Sector

2454: 335:, a four-fuel car that can run on natural gas (CNG). 4651:"Govt to put an end to CNG industry in phases: Asim" 4151:. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 4077: 2711:. Clean Vehicle Education Foundation. Archived from 4777: 4272:(in Portuguese). TDenavagari.com.br. Archived from 4237: 4213:(in French). Caradisiac. 2007-11-01. Archived from 3547:"LNG fuel unlikely to be fuel of choice for Europe" 2917: 2685:"Fiat Siena Tetra Power: Your Choice of Four Fuels" 2582:"Natural Gas Vehicle Statistics: Summary Data 2010" 1867:CNG pumps at a Brazilian gasoline service station, 4930: 4928: 4893: 4577:"Gas shortage hits Mumbai; Taxis, autos off roads" 3525:"Noble Energy to Build LNG Plant in Colorado, USA" 2642: 1200:The major difficulty in the use of natural gas is 306: 260:"Phil"), which they developed in partnership with 4745:"More natural gas stations needed, say motorists" 4737: 4388:"The New Iran Sanctions: Worse Than the Old Ones" 3703:"Volvo Trucks North America to Launch LNG Engine" 3590:"Fuels and Chemicals - Autoignition Temperatures" 2682: 2010:Brazil. This automobile can run on 100% ethanol ( 5845: 4938:. Singapore: NGV Global News. February 17, 2008. 1967:Other countries with significant NGV fleets are 4925: 4809: 3091:"High horse power off-road LNG vehicles in USA" 2645:Two billion cars: driving toward sustainability 1096:), as well as other gases, in varying amounts. 5110:The Italian community of Natural Gas Vehicles 4873:Elaine Ang & Leong Hung Yee (2008-07-07). 4835: 4139: 4137: 3830:International Organization for Standardization 2641:Sperling, Daniel & Deborah Gordon (2009). 2293:week after the Mandai station at Jalan Buroh. 5226: 5212: 5068:"Gas Powered Public Transport - how it began" 4899: 4773: 4771: 4526: 4476:Isayev, S.; Jafarov, T. (14 September 2012). 4475: 4146:"Transportation Energy Data Book: Edition 30" 3943: 3637:"Cummins Westport ISX12 G natural gas engine" 3362:"Clean Energy Opens Two LNG Highway Stations" 2608: 680:Use of LNG to fuel large over-the-road trucks 217:emissions regulations are mandated to combat 4948: 4561:. Chennai, India. 2009-11-08. Archived from 4183: 4096: 4094: 3341:"New LNG trucking fleet launches in Houston" 3208:"Alternative Fueling Station Locator in USA" 2897:(in Portuguese). Journal Express. 2005-01-18 2814:"2008 Natural Gas Vehicles (NGVs) Available" 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2422: 2420: 2275:There were about 400 CNG-fueled vehicles in 341: 108:advancements in compression and liquefaction 5646:Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle 5142:, U.S. Department of Energy, archived from 4866: 4179: 4177: 4134: 2450: 2448: 2400:Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle 1816:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1657:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1318:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1168:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 986:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 908:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 808:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 629:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 508:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 157:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 5219: 5205: 5152:"Boost for natural gas cars: Home fueling" 5139:Consumers' Guide to Compressed Natural Gas 4803: 4768: 4672: 4304:. Bell Performance, Inc. 22 February 2011. 2863: 2861: 2859: 2374:ACI/CSAI Alternative Energies Championship 1368:with the largest NGV vehicle fleets - 2017 4963: 4553:"CNG shortage puts auto drivers in a fix" 4365: 4242:(in Portuguese). WebMotor. Archived from 4240:"Siena Tetrafuel vai custar R$ 41,9 mil" 4211:"Nouvelle Fiat Siena 2008: sans complexe" 4091: 2922:(in Portuguese). WebMotor. Archived from 2920:"Siena Tetrafuel vai custar R$ 41,9 mil" 2839:"2009 Honda Civic GX Natural Gas Vehicle" 2789:"CNG Fuel - Clean Air for Your Community" 2627: 2417: 1836:Learn how and when to remove this message 1677:Learn how and when to remove this message 1338:Learn how and when to remove this message 1188:Learn how and when to remove this message 1006:Learn how and when to remove this message 928:Learn how and when to remove this message 828:Learn how and when to remove this message 649:Learn how and when to remove this message 528:Learn how and when to remove this message 177:Learn how and when to remove this message 5166: 4936:"New CNG Fuelling Station for Singapore" 4780:"Motorists rush to check out NGV system" 4478:"Iran plans to produce ANG for vehicles" 4366:Korin, Anne; Luft, Gal (December 2006), 4174: 4171:See Tables 6.1 and 6.5, pp. 6-3 and 6-8. 3937: 3882:Journal of the American Chemical Society 2947: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2570: 2500:"FEATURE: Honda's Phill-way to Hydrogen" 2445: 2428:"Current Natural Gas Vehicle Statistics" 2321: 2253: 2195: 2153: 2078:In 1995, a lawyer filed a case with the 2058: 1873: 1862: 1744: 1736: 1709: 1540: 1532: 1501: 1239: 1124: 709: 591:Current advantages of LPG power over NGV 456: 345: 60:hooked up to Phill refueling fuel system 51: 39: 31: 4696: 4454:. CNGStations.com. 2010. Archived from 4404: 4130:, Canadian Natural Gas Vehicle Alliance 4004: 3971:"900th CNG Filling Station for Germany" 3813: 3807: 3229:"The 2013 National Trucker's Directory" 2867: 2856: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2562: 2560: 2558: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 1774:160,000 NGVs operating in the country. 1503:World Total=24.452 million NGV vehicles 1018: 948:Chemical composition and energy content 665: 14: 5846: 4611: 4480:. Baku, Azerbaijan: Trend News Agency. 4424: 4186:"Latin America NGVs: An Update Report" 3968: 3054:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 2870:"Montadores Investem nos Carros á GNV" 1978: 674: 469: 444: 36:Truck running with Guidetti CNG system 5200: 4648: 4601:. Karachi, Pakistan. August 12, 2011. 4339:"Iran Gas Vehicle Market Projections" 3482:"Shell, TA Open Their First U.S. LNG" 3409:"Shell, TA Open Their First U.S. LNG" 3000:"EnerG2 :: ADSORBED NATURAL GAS" 2786: 2497: 2251:3,500 to RM5,000 for passenger cars. 2071:In 1993, CNG had become available in 433:Differences between LNG and CNG fuels 5177:National Renewable Energy Laboratory 4649:Kundi, Imran Ali (October 2, 2012). 4385: 4353:"CNG Stations to Top 2,380 by March" 4267: 4046:Igor Orlov; Volodymyr Kozak (2006). 2706:"How Safe are Natural Gas Vehicles?" 2671: 2547: 2117: 1994:In 2006 the Brazilian subsidiary of 1814:adding citations to reliable sources 1781: 1655:adding citations to reliable sources 1622: 1316:adding citations to reliable sources 1283: 1248:CNG is typically stored in steel or 1166:adding citations to reliable sources 1133: 984:adding citations to reliable sources 951: 906:adding citations to reliable sources 873: 806:adding citations to reliable sources 773: 627:adding citations to reliable sources 594: 506:adding citations to reliable sources 473: 155:adding citations to reliable sources 122: 4843:"Proton cars to come with NGV kits" 4612:Bhatti, M. Waqar (April 10, 2012). 3070:"Over the Road LNG vehicles in USA" 2812:Christine Gable & Scott Gable. 843:can also use CNG as a fuel source. 556:Advantages over gasoline and diesel 24: 5167:Mitchell, George (November 2015). 4778:Rashvinjeet S. Bedi (2008-06-08). 4717:"CNG price likely to be at B13.28" 4638:. Lahore, Pakistan. July 31, 2012. 4508:. Natural Gas Vehicles for America 4238:Agência AutoInforme (2006-06-19). 2976:"Gas South Compressed Natural Gas" 2918:Agência AutoInforme (2006-06-19). 2200:NGV Proton Iswara taxi in Malaysia 2002:, a four-fuel car developed under 1991:and was aimed at the taxi market. 1279: 394:, a four-fuel car developed under 25: 5870: 5453:Electric motorcycles and scooters 5060: 4949:Wong Mun Wai (18 February 2008). 4699:"Motorists unfazed by dearer gas" 4298:"LPG Fueled Vehicles Coming Soon" 2162:JXK6120L-NGV-01 bus, operated by 2113: 1741:New Flyer C40LF in Washington, DC 1618: 1357: 1113: 254: 5081:Natural Gas Vehicle Availability 5045: 5034: 5023: 5012: 4983: 4957: 4942: 4902:"Rush to fit natural gas gadget" 4875:"Moving towards hybrid vehicles" 4529:"CNG cylinders or moving bombs?" 4394:. The Foreign Policy Group, LLC. 4320:, Product-Life Institute, Geneva 3435:"The Future of Fuel Starts Here" 2948:Boudette, Neal E. (2015-06-15). 2683:Christine Lepisto (2006-08-27). 2457:Sustainable Automobile Transport 2455:Ryan, Lisa; Turton, Hal (2007). 2122: 1910: 1786: 1732: 1700: 1627: 1288: 1138: 956: 878: 778: 599: 478: 127: 5500:Plug-in hybrid electric vehicle 4731:"LPG vehicles exceed 1 million" 4723: 4709: 4697:Praiwan, Yuthana (2012-10-17). 4690: 4661:from the original on 2012-10-09 4642: 4624: 4605: 4587: 4569: 4545: 4520: 4498: 4484: 4469: 4444: 4418: 4398: 4379: 4359: 4345: 4331: 4308: 4290: 4261: 4231: 4203: 4114: 4103:Natural Gas Vehicles Statistics 4081:NATURAL GAS VEHICLES IN ALBERTA 4071: 4039: 4017: 4005:English, Eoin (July 17, 2012). 3998: 3984: 3962: 3908: 3872: 3862:"From Farm Waste to Fuel Tanks" 3854: 3836: 3818: 3781: 3749: 3717: 3695: 3674: 3650: 3629: 3603: 3582: 3571: 3560: 3539: 3517: 3495: 3474: 3453: 3427: 3401: 3375: 3354: 3333: 3307: 3286: 3268: 3250:"Dillon Adding 25 LNG Kenworth" 3242: 3221: 3200: 3172: 3151: 3130: 3104: 3083: 3062: 3017: 2992: 2968: 2941: 2911: 2887: 2831: 2805: 2780: 2749: 2729: 2698: 307:CNG/LNG as fuel for automobiles 299:with more than 77% (2014), and 5382:Battery electric multiple unit 4810:Vinesh, Derrick (2008-06-25). 4494:. AzerNews. 14 September 2012. 4425:Eslami, Jomhuri (2012-04-17). 3682:"WESTPORT HPDI 2.0 LNG engine" 2602: 2522: 2491: 2481:"Phill: Questions and Answers" 2473: 2342: 1589:. The Eco-city bus is made by 1244:storage density of natural gas 769: 382:) as fuel. It was used in the 27:Vehicle powered by natural gas 13: 1: 5483:Neighborhood Electric Vehicle 4414:, International Energy Agency 2598:Click on Summary Data (2010). 2410: 2362: 2101:Natural Gas (ANG) cylinders. 2049: 1915: 1041:), the shortest and lightest 267: 237: 118: 78:liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 5772:Who Killed the Electric Car? 5568:Common ethanol fuel mixtures 4900:Perumal, Elan (2008-06-13). 4851:. 2008-06-28. Archived from 4753:. 2008-06-13. Archived from 4527:Shahab Ansari (2011-03-10). 4386:Luft, Gal (11 August 2009). 3944:Pike Research (2009-10-19). 3844:"ISO 11439 Overview and FAQ" 3578:Engine knocking#Pre-ignition 2609:Pike Research (2011-09-14). 2405:List of natural gas vehicles 2370:FIA Alternative Energies Cup 2312: 2296: 2270: 1490: 1481: 1470: 1461: 1450: 1441: 1430: 1421: 1410: 1401: 1218:Trans-Mediterranean Pipeline 1129: 70:compressed natural gas (CNG) 7: 5786:Revenge of the Electric Car 5377:Battery-electric locomotive 5041:Ecorally San Marino-Vatican 4964:Daryl Loo (July 12, 2007). 4184:R. Fernandes (2008-08-20). 3866:National Science Foundation 2498:Moore, Bill (May 6, 2005). 2388: 2204: 2173: 2104: 1510: 869: 74:liquefied natural gas (LNG) 10: 5875: 3992:"(Greek) Δίκτυο Πρατηρίων" 3138:"LNG Tank System Analysis" 2737:"How Safe is Natural Gas?" 1609: 1577: 1553: 1235: 5795: 5779:What Is the Electric Car? 5763: 5690: 5654: 5626:Hydrogen-powered aircraft 5606: 5530: 5362: 5332: 5275: 5252: 5234: 5228:Alternative fuel vehicles 5086:U.S. Department of Energy 4812:"Long queue for NGV kits" 4405:Nijboer, Michiel (2010), 4153:U.S. Department of Energy 3868:(NSF). February 16, 2007. 2868:GNVNews (November 2006). 2793:Homewood Disposal Service 2506:. EVWorld. Archived from 2131:This section needs to be 1971:(226,100) as of 2017 and 1777: 1705: 1695:Nottingham City Transport 1565: 1528: 1364: 1023:The primary component of 342:Available production cars 66:Natural Gas Vehicle (NGV) 5488:Plug-in electric vehicle 5468:Gyro flywheel locomotive 5446:Battery electric vehicle 3567:Autoignition temperature 2317: 2054: 1596: 1274:metal-organic frameworks 846: 5708:Hybrid electric vehicle 5672:Liquid nitrogen vehicle 5667:Hybrid electric vehicle 5473:Hybrid electric vehicle 5436:Electric platform truck 4657:. Islamabad, Pakistan. 4027:. ansa.it. 15 June 2021 2841:. Honda. Archived from 2651:Oxford University Press 2430:. IANGV. Archived from 2234:considered fitting its 2086: 1882:drivers, the Brazilian 1228:, railway tankers, and 83:Conversion of existing 5833:Zero-emissions vehicle 5349:Compressed-air vehicle 5290:Solar-powered aircraft 5191:Best CNG cars in India 5103:"Natural Gas Vehicles" 4618:The News International 4533:International The News 4270:"Gás Natural Veicular" 2335: 2267: 2201: 2170: 2080:Supreme Court of India 2068: 1907: 1871: 1756: 1742: 1721: 1550: 1538: 1245: 858:was the world's first 718: 466: 358: 193:, itself derived from 61: 49: 37: 5703:Flexible-fuel vehicle 5631:Hydrogen-powered ship 5583:Flexible-fuel vehicle 5458:Electric kick scooter 5185:Worldwide fuel prices 5019:ECOMOTORI Racing Team 3969:Gibgas (2011-12-21). 3461:"LNG Station locator" 2653:, New York. pp. 2326:A CNG-powered bus in 2325: 2257: 2199: 2157: 2094:dedicated CNG engines 2062: 2028:flexible-fuel vehicle 2000:Fiat Siena Tetra fuel 1975:(15,000) as of 2017. 1877: 1866: 1762:Waste Management, Inc 1748: 1740: 1713: 1545:CNG-powered buses in 1544: 1536: 1243: 1125:Storage and transport 713: 460: 425:and hydrogen-powered 423:plug-in electric cars 392:Fiat Siena Tetra fuel 349: 333:Fiat Siena Tetra fuel 101:hybrid electric motor 55: 43: 35: 5854:Natural gas vehicles 5828:Wind-powered vehicle 5412:Battery electric bus 5154:. NBCnews.com. 2013. 4686:on October 25, 2012. 4620:. Karachi, Pakistan. 3864:(Press release). US 3795:on 26 September 2015 2787:Peter (2018-02-23). 2757:"Fighting CNG fires" 2510:on November 11, 2006 2487:on October 16, 2005. 1884:Fiat Siena Tetrafuel 1810:improve this section 1651:improve this section 1312:improve this section 1250:composite containers 1162:improve this section 1019:Chemical composition 980:improve this section 902:improve this section 802:improve this section 666:Future possibilities 623:improve this section 545:(72.5 to 145.0 502:improve this section 415:electrified vehicles 151:improve this section 18:Natural gas vehicles 5677:Natural gas vehicle 5125:on October 13, 2004 5088:, November 18, 2015 4970:channelnewsasia.com 4953:. Channel NewsAsia. 4636:The Express Tribune 4341:. 19 December 2015. 4110:on January 10, 2010 2284:Gas and located on 1979:Latest developments 1902:, or pure ethanol ( 1890:car that runs as a 1549:, eastern Ukraine 675:LNG fueled vehicles 470:LNG as an auto fuel 445:CNG as an auto fuel 203:anaerobic digestion 5344:Compressed-air car 5310:List of prototypes 5072:Please Be Informed 3950:Green Car Congress 2336: 2268: 2202: 2171: 2069: 1908: 1872: 1757: 1743: 1722: 1551: 1539: 1246: 719: 467: 427:fuel cell vehicles 359: 62: 50: 38: 5841: 5840: 5750:Electric aircraft 5616:Fuel cell vehicle 5463:Fuel cell vehicle 5387:Electric aircraft 5319:Electric aircraft 5244:Fuel cell vehicle 5146:on April 29, 2006 5074:, October 9, 2005 4583:. March 15, 2011. 3973:. NGV Global News 3894:10.1021/ja0771639 3850:on July 13, 2011. 3505:. 28 October 2014 3118:on 12 August 2014 2980:www.gas-south.com 2664:978-0-19-537664-7 2466:978-1-84720-451-6 2262:bus, operated by 2152: 2151: 2063:CNG tanks atop a 1958:Volkswagen Touran 1856:has purchased 30 1846: 1845: 1838: 1719:Hamilton, Ontario 1687: 1686: 1679: 1508: 1507: 1373: 1366:Top ten countries 1348: 1347: 1340: 1198: 1197: 1190: 1016: 1015: 1008: 938: 937: 930: 838: 837: 830: 659: 658: 651: 538: 537: 530: 374:Outside the U.S. 362:now-discontinued 187: 186: 179: 103:configurations. 16:(Redirected from 5866: 5641:Hydrogen vehicle 5621:Hydrogen economy 5588:Methanol economy 5441:Electric vehicle 5392:Electric bicycle 5364:Electric battery 5262:Electric bicycle 5221: 5214: 5207: 5198: 5197: 5181: 5173: 5163: 5160:"CNG California" 5155: 5147: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5106: 5089: 5075: 5054: 5049: 5043: 5038: 5032: 5027: 5021: 5016: 5010: 5009: 5007: 5006: 4997:. 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Archived from 2526: 2520: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2477: 2471: 2470: 2452: 2443: 2442: 2440: 2439: 2424: 2378:Massimo Liverani 2372:and the Italian 2147: 2144: 2138: 2126: 2125: 2118: 1962:Volkswagen Caddy 1841: 1834: 1830: 1827: 1821: 1790: 1782: 1682: 1675: 1671: 1668: 1662: 1631: 1623: 1371: 1362: 1361: 1343: 1336: 1332: 1329: 1323: 1292: 1284: 1270:activated carbon 1193: 1186: 1182: 1179: 1173: 1142: 1134: 1098:Hydrogen sulfide 1011: 1004: 1000: 997: 991: 960: 952: 933: 926: 922: 919: 913: 882: 874: 833: 826: 822: 819: 813: 782: 774: 654: 647: 643: 640: 634: 603: 595: 533: 526: 522: 519: 513: 482: 474: 465:, Czech Republic 287:As of 2016, the 216: 215: 214: 182: 175: 171: 168: 162: 131: 123: 21: 5874: 5873: 5869: 5868: 5867: 5865: 5864: 5863: 5844: 5843: 5842: 5837: 5818:Wave power ship 5808:Ram air turbine 5791: 5759: 5698:Bi-fuel vehicle 5686: 5650: 5602: 5526: 5366: 5358: 5335: 5334:Compressed-air 5328: 5271: 5248: 5230: 5225: 5171: 5158: 5150: 5136: 5128: 5126: 5115: 5101: 5078: 5066: 5063: 5058: 5057: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5035: 5030:Fiat 500 Abarth 5028: 5024: 5017: 5013: 5004: 5002: 4989: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4962: 4958: 4947: 4943: 4934: 4933: 4926: 4917: 4915: 4907:The Star Online 4898: 4894: 4885: 4883: 4880:The Star Online 4871: 4867: 4858: 4856: 4848:The Star Online 4841: 4840: 4836: 4827: 4825: 4817:The Star Online 4808: 4804: 4795: 4793: 4785:The Star Online 4776: 4769: 4760: 4758: 4750:The Star Online 4743: 4742: 4738: 4729: 4728: 4724: 4715: 4714: 4710: 4695: 4691: 4678: 4677: 4673: 4664: 4662: 4647: 4643: 4630: 4629: 4625: 4610: 4606: 4593: 4592: 4588: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4551: 4550: 4546: 4537: 4535: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4509: 4504: 4503: 4499: 4490: 4489: 4485: 4474: 4470: 4461: 4459: 4452:"Prices of CNG" 4450: 4449: 4445: 4436: 4434: 4423: 4419: 4411: 4403: 4399: 4384: 4380: 4372: 4364: 4360: 4355:. 25 June 2016. 4351: 4350: 4346: 4337: 4336: 4332: 4323: 4321: 4314: 4313: 4309: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4286:(in Portuguese) 4285: 4279: 4277: 4266: 4262: 4256:(in Portuguese) 4255: 4249: 4247: 4236: 4232: 4226: 4220: 4218: 4209: 4208: 4204: 4195: 4193: 4182: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4159: 4148: 4142: 4135: 4127: 4119: 4115: 4100: 4099: 4092: 4084: 4076: 4072: 4063: 4061: 4057: 4050: 4044: 4040: 4030: 4028: 4023: 4022: 4018: 4003: 3999: 3990: 3989: 3985: 3976: 3974: 3967: 3963: 3954: 3952: 3942: 3938: 3929: 3927: 3920:www.ngvexpo.com 3914: 3913: 3909: 3877: 3873: 3860: 3859: 3855: 3842: 3841: 3837: 3824: 3823: 3819: 3812: 3808: 3798: 3796: 3787: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3769:on 4 April 2015 3766: 3759: 3755: 3754: 3750: 3740: 3738: 3737:on 2 April 2015 3734: 3727: 3723: 3722: 3718: 3708: 3706: 3701: 3700: 3696: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3679: 3675: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3656: 3655: 3651: 3641: 3639: 3635: 3634: 3630: 3620: 3618: 3609: 3608: 3604: 3594: 3592: 3588: 3587: 3583: 3576: 3572: 3565: 3561: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3544: 3540: 3530: 3528: 3527:. 22 March 2013 3523: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3506: 3501: 3500: 3496: 3486: 3484: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3465: 3463: 3459: 3458: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3418: 3416: 3407: 3406: 3402: 3392: 3390: 3381: 3380: 3376: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3334: 3324: 3322: 3321:on 2 April 2015 3313: 3312: 3308: 3298: 3296: 3292: 3291: 3287: 3274: 3273: 3269: 3259: 3257: 3248: 3247: 3243: 3233: 3231: 3227: 3226: 3222: 3212: 3210: 3206: 3205: 3201: 3191: 3189: 3178: 3177: 3173: 3163: 3161: 3157: 3156: 3152: 3142: 3140: 3136: 3135: 3131: 3121: 3119: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3089: 3088: 3084: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3067: 3063: 3047: 3046: 3040: 3038: 3034: 3027: 3025:"Archived copy" 3023: 3022: 3018: 3009: 3007: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2984: 2982: 2974: 2973: 2969: 2960: 2958: 2955:Automotive News 2946: 2942: 2936:(in Portuguese) 2935: 2929: 2927: 2916: 2912: 2907:(in Portuguese) 2906: 2900: 2898: 2893: 2892: 2888: 2879: 2877: 2866: 2857: 2848: 2846: 2837: 2836: 2832: 2823: 2821: 2810: 2806: 2797: 2795: 2785: 2781: 2772: 2770: 2766: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2750: 2741: 2739: 2735: 2734: 2730: 2721: 2719: 2715: 2708: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2690: 2688: 2681: 2672: 2665: 2639: 2628: 2619: 2617: 2607: 2603: 2591: 2589: 2580: 2579: 2548: 2539: 2537: 2528: 2527: 2523: 2513: 2511: 2496: 2492: 2479: 2478: 2474: 2467: 2453: 2446: 2437: 2435: 2426: 2425: 2418: 2413: 2391: 2365: 2345: 2320: 2315: 2299: 2273: 2207: 2176: 2148: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2127: 2123: 2116: 2107: 2089: 2057: 2052: 2004:Magneti Marelli 1998:introduced the 1989:Chevrolet Astra 1981: 1918: 1913: 1842: 1831: 1825: 1822: 1807: 1791: 1780: 1754:Omaha, Nebraska 1735: 1715:New Flyer C40LF 1708: 1703: 1683: 1672: 1666: 1663: 1648: 1632: 1621: 1612: 1599: 1580: 1568: 1556: 1531: 1517:Po River Valley 1513: 1396: 1385: 1370: 1367: 1360: 1344: 1333: 1327: 1324: 1309: 1293: 1282: 1280:Conversion kits 1259:saturated fluid 1238: 1232:are also used. 1194: 1183: 1177: 1174: 1159: 1143: 1132: 1127: 1116: 1106: 1095: 1089: 1078: 1072: 1061: 1055: 1040: 1021: 1012: 1001: 995: 992: 977: 961: 950: 934: 923: 917: 914: 899: 883: 872: 849: 834: 823: 817: 814: 799: 783: 772: 731: 714:LNG station in 682: 677: 668: 655: 644: 638: 635: 620: 604: 593: 580: 572:engine knocking 564: 558: 534: 523: 517: 514: 499: 483: 472: 447: 435: 396:Magneti Marelli 390:introduced the 384:Chevrolet Astra 344: 331:introduced the 309: 282:bi-fuel engines 270: 257: 240: 213: 210: 209: 208: 206: 183: 172: 166: 163: 148: 132: 121: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5872: 5862: 5861: 5859:Green vehicles 5856: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5830: 5825: 5820: 5815: 5810: 5805: 5799: 5797: 5793: 5792: 5790: 5789: 5782: 5775: 5767: 5765: 5761: 5760: 5758: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5740: 5730: 5728:Plug-in hybrid 5725: 5720: 5718:Hybrid vehicle 5715: 5710: 5705: 5700: 5694: 5692: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5658: 5656: 5652: 5651: 5649: 5648: 5643: 5638: 5636:Hydrogen train 5633: 5628: 5623: 5618: 5612: 5610: 5604: 5603: 5601: 5600: 5595: 5590: 5585: 5580: 5575: 5570: 5565: 5560: 5555: 5550: 5545: 5539: 5537: 5528: 5527: 5525: 5524: 5523: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5502: 5497: 5496: 5495: 5485: 5480: 5475: 5470: 5465: 5460: 5455: 5450: 5449: 5448: 5438: 5433: 5431:Electric truck 5428: 5427: 5426: 5416: 5415: 5414: 5404: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5379: 5373: 5371: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5351: 5346: 5340: 5338: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5321: 5316: 5315: 5314: 5313: 5312: 5302: 5297: 5292: 5281: 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5269: 5264: 5258: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5247: 5246: 5240: 5238: 5232: 5231: 5224: 5223: 5216: 5209: 5201: 5195: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5164: 5156: 5148: 5134: 5113: 5107: 5099: 5093:Greener Cities 5090: 5076: 5062: 5061:External links 5059: 5056: 5055: 5044: 5033: 5022: 5011: 4982: 4956: 4941: 4924: 4892: 4865: 4834: 4802: 4767: 4736: 4722: 4708: 4689: 4671: 4641: 4623: 4604: 4586: 4568: 4565:on 2009-11-16. 4544: 4519: 4497: 4483: 4468: 4443: 4417: 4397: 4392:Foreign Policy 4378: 4358: 4344: 4330: 4307: 4289: 4260: 4230: 4202: 4173: 4133: 4113: 4090: 4070: 4038: 4016: 4011:Irish Examiner 3997: 3983: 3961: 3936: 3907: 3871: 3853: 3835: 3817: 3806: 3780: 3748: 3716: 3694: 3673: 3649: 3628: 3602: 3581: 3570: 3559: 3538: 3516: 3494: 3473: 3452: 3426: 3400: 3374: 3353: 3332: 3306: 3285: 3282:on 2016-06-03. 3267: 3241: 3220: 3199: 3185:Bloomberg News 3171: 3150: 3129: 3103: 3082: 3061: 3016: 2991: 2967: 2940: 2910: 2886: 2855: 2830: 2804: 2779: 2748: 2728: 2697: 2670: 2663: 2626: 2601: 2546: 2521: 2490: 2472: 2465: 2444: 2415: 2414: 2412: 2409: 2408: 2407: 2402: 2397: 2395:HCNG dispenser 2390: 2387: 2364: 2361: 2344: 2341: 2319: 2316: 2314: 2311: 2298: 2295: 2272: 2269: 2258:A CNG powered 2206: 2203: 2175: 2172: 2158:A CNG powered 2150: 2149: 2130: 2128: 2121: 2115: 2114:Southeast Asia 2112: 2106: 2103: 2088: 2085: 2056: 2053: 2051: 2048: 2040:Rio de Janeiro 1980: 1977: 1931:Rio de Janeiro 1917: 1914: 1912: 1909: 1878:Popular among 1844: 1843: 1794: 1792: 1785: 1779: 1776: 1750:New Flyer XN60 1734: 1731: 1707: 1704: 1702: 1699: 1685: 1684: 1635: 1633: 1626: 1620: 1619:United Kingdom 1617: 1611: 1608: 1598: 1595: 1579: 1576: 1567: 1564: 1555: 1552: 1530: 1527: 1522:public transit 1512: 1509: 1506: 1505: 1499: 1498: 1495: 1492: 1489: 1486: 1483: 1479: 1478: 1475: 1472: 1469: 1466: 1463: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1443: 1439: 1438: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1415: 1412: 1409: 1406: 1403: 1399: 1398: 1393: 1390: 1387: 1382: 1379: 1375: 1374: 1359: 1358:Implementation 1356: 1346: 1345: 1296: 1294: 1287: 1281: 1278: 1237: 1234: 1214:Interconnector 1204:. Natural gas 1202:transportation 1196: 1195: 1146: 1144: 1137: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1115: 1114:Energy content 1112: 1104: 1093: 1087: 1076: 1070: 1059: 1053: 1038: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1013: 964: 962: 955: 949: 946: 941:Some airplanes 936: 935: 886: 884: 877: 871: 868: 864:container ship 848: 845: 836: 835: 786: 784: 777: 771: 768: 730: 727: 681: 678: 676: 673: 667: 664: 657: 656: 607: 605: 598: 592: 589: 579: 576: 562: 557: 554: 536: 535: 486: 484: 477: 471: 468: 446: 443: 434: 431: 364:Honda Civic GX 343: 340: 321:General Motors 313:Honda Civic GX 308: 305: 269: 266: 256: 255:Infrastructure 253: 239: 236: 219:climate change 211: 185: 184: 135: 133: 126: 120: 117: 97:spark ignition 58:Honda Civic GX 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5871: 5860: 5857: 5855: 5852: 5851: 5849: 5834: 5831: 5829: 5826: 5824: 5823:Windmill ship 5821: 5819: 5816: 5814: 5811: 5809: 5806: 5804: 5801: 5800: 5798: 5794: 5788: 5787: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5776: 5774: 5773: 5769: 5768: 5766: 5764:Documentaries 5762: 5756: 5755:Electric boat 5753: 5751: 5748: 5744: 5741: 5739: 5736: 5735: 5734: 5733:Solar vehicle 5731: 5729: 5726: 5724: 5721: 5719: 5716: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5699: 5696: 5695: 5693: 5691:Multiple-fuel 5689: 5683: 5680: 5678: 5675: 5673: 5670: 5668: 5665: 5663: 5660: 5659: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5644: 5642: 5639: 5637: 5634: 5632: 5629: 5627: 5624: 5622: 5619: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5605: 5599: 5596: 5594: 5593:Methanol fuel 5591: 5589: 5586: 5584: 5581: 5579: 5576: 5574: 5571: 5569: 5566: 5564: 5561: 5559: 5556: 5554: 5551: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5536: 5533: 5529: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5507: 5506: 5505:Solar vehicle 5503: 5501: 5498: 5494: 5491: 5490: 5489: 5486: 5484: 5481: 5479: 5476: 5474: 5471: 5469: 5466: 5464: 5461: 5459: 5456: 5454: 5451: 5447: 5444: 5443: 5442: 5439: 5437: 5434: 5432: 5429: 5425: 5422: 5421: 5420: 5417: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5408: 5405: 5403: 5402:Electric boat 5400: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5365: 5361: 5355: 5354:Tesla turbine 5352: 5350: 5347: 5345: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5324:Electric boat 5322: 5320: 5317: 5311: 5308: 5307: 5306: 5303: 5301: 5298: 5296: 5293: 5291: 5288: 5287: 5286: 5285:Solar vehicle 5283: 5282: 5280: 5278: 5274: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5259: 5257: 5255: 5251: 5245: 5242: 5241: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5222: 5217: 5215: 5210: 5208: 5203: 5202: 5199: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5179: 5178: 5170: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5153: 5149: 5145: 5141: 5140: 5135: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5104: 5100: 5098: 5094: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5077: 5073: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5053: 5048: 5042: 5037: 5031: 5026: 5020: 5015: 5001:on 2012-07-01 5000: 4996: 4995:www.iangv.org 4992: 4986: 4971: 4967: 4960: 4952: 4945: 4937: 4931: 4929: 4914:on 2011-05-21 4913: 4909: 4908: 4903: 4896: 4882: 4881: 4876: 4869: 4855:on 2011-05-21 4854: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4838: 4824:on 2011-05-21 4823: 4819: 4818: 4813: 4806: 4792:on 2011-05-21 4791: 4787: 4786: 4781: 4774: 4772: 4757:on 2011-05-21 4756: 4752: 4751: 4746: 4740: 4732: 4726: 4718: 4712: 4704: 4700: 4693: 4685: 4681: 4675: 4660: 4656: 4652: 4645: 4637: 4633: 4627: 4619: 4615: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4590: 4582: 4578: 4572: 4564: 4560: 4559: 4554: 4548: 4534: 4530: 4523: 4507: 4501: 4493: 4487: 4479: 4472: 4458:on 2017-01-19 4457: 4453: 4447: 4433:on 2012-04-22 4432: 4428: 4421: 4410: 4409: 4401: 4393: 4389: 4382: 4371: 4370: 4362: 4354: 4348: 4340: 4334: 4319: 4318: 4311: 4303: 4299: 4293: 4276:on 2007-07-29 4275: 4271: 4264: 4246:on 2008-12-10 4245: 4241: 4234: 4217:on 2008-07-01 4216: 4212: 4206: 4192:on 2008-11-20 4191: 4187: 4180: 4178: 4162:on 2011-09-28 4158: 4154: 4147: 4140: 4138: 4126: 4125: 4117: 4109: 4105: 4104: 4097: 4095: 4083: 4082: 4074: 4060:on 2014-01-06 4056: 4049: 4042: 4026: 4020: 4012: 4008: 4001: 3994:. 2020-06-11. 3993: 3987: 3972: 3965: 3951: 3947: 3940: 3926:on 2016-03-04 3925: 3921: 3917: 3911: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3875: 3867: 3863: 3857: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3831: 3827: 3821: 3810: 3794: 3790: 3784: 3765: 3758: 3752: 3733: 3726: 3720: 3705:. 20 May 2012 3704: 3698: 3683: 3677: 3659: 3653: 3638: 3632: 3616: 3612: 3606: 3591: 3585: 3579: 3574: 3568: 3563: 3548: 3542: 3526: 3520: 3504: 3498: 3483: 3477: 3462: 3456: 3440: 3436: 3430: 3415:on 2015-04-10 3414: 3410: 3404: 3388: 3384: 3378: 3363: 3357: 3342: 3336: 3320: 3316: 3310: 3295: 3289: 3281: 3277: 3271: 3256:on 2015-04-10 3255: 3251: 3245: 3230: 3224: 3209: 3203: 3188:. 4 July 2014 3187: 3186: 3181: 3175: 3160: 3154: 3139: 3133: 3117: 3113: 3107: 3092: 3086: 3071: 3065: 3057: 3051: 3037:on 2015-12-08 3033: 3026: 3020: 3006:on 2013-10-10 3005: 3001: 2995: 2981: 2977: 2971: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2944: 2926:on 2008-12-10 2925: 2921: 2914: 2896: 2890: 2876:on 2008-12-11 2875: 2871: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2845:on 2011-08-10 2844: 2840: 2834: 2820:on 2008-10-11 2819: 2815: 2808: 2794: 2790: 2783: 2769:on 2008-05-28 2765: 2758: 2752: 2738: 2732: 2718:on 2015-09-06 2714: 2707: 2701: 2686: 2679: 2677: 2675: 2666: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2646: 2637: 2635: 2633: 2631: 2616: 2615:AutoblogGreen 2612: 2605: 2599: 2588:on 2010-01-10 2587: 2583: 2577: 2575: 2573: 2571: 2569: 2567: 2565: 2563: 2561: 2559: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2536:on 2011-03-25 2535: 2531: 2525: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2494: 2486: 2482: 2476: 2468: 2462: 2458: 2451: 2449: 2434:on 2012-07-01 2433: 2429: 2423: 2421: 2416: 2406: 2403: 2401: 2398: 2396: 2393: 2392: 2386: 2384: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2350: 2340: 2333: 2329: 2324: 2310: 2308: 2304: 2294: 2291: 2287: 2286:Jurong Island 2283: 2278: 2266:in Singapore 2265: 2261: 2256: 2252: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2227: 2225: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2188: 2182: 2180: 2169: 2165: 2161: 2156: 2146: 2143:December 2016 2134: 2129: 2120: 2119: 2111: 2102: 2100: 2095: 2084: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2066: 2061: 2047: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2017: 2013: 2009: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1992: 1990: 1985: 1976: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1960:Ecofuel, the 1959: 1955: 1951: 1950:Fiat Multipla 1945: 1943: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1926: 1923: 1911:South America 1905: 1901: 1900:E20-E25 blend 1897: 1893: 1892:flexible-fuel 1889: 1885: 1881: 1876: 1870: 1865: 1861: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1840: 1837: 1829: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1795:This section 1793: 1789: 1784: 1783: 1775: 1772: 1767: 1763: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1739: 1733:United States 1730: 1726: 1720: 1716: 1712: 1701:North America 1698: 1696: 1692: 1691:Reading Buses 1681: 1678: 1670: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1646: 1645: 1641: 1636:This section 1634: 1630: 1625: 1624: 1616: 1607: 1605: 1594: 1592: 1588: 1584: 1575: 1573: 1563: 1561: 1548: 1543: 1535: 1526: 1523: 1518: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1487: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1473: 1467: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1447: 1444: 1440: 1436: 1433: 1427: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1413: 1407: 1404: 1400: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1383: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1369: 1363: 1355: 1351: 1342: 1339: 1331: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1307: 1306: 1302: 1297:This section 1295: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1277: 1275: 1271: 1267: 1262: 1260: 1254: 1251: 1242: 1233: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1192: 1189: 1181: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1157: 1156: 1152: 1147:This section 1145: 1141: 1136: 1135: 1122: 1120: 1111: 1109: 1103: 1099: 1092: 1086: 1082: 1075: 1069: 1065: 1058: 1052: 1048: 1044: 1037: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1010: 1007: 999: 989: 985: 981: 975: 974: 970: 965:This section 963: 959: 954: 953: 945: 942: 932: 929: 921: 911: 907: 903: 897: 896: 892: 887:This section 885: 881: 876: 875: 867: 865: 861: 857: 856: 844: 842: 832: 829: 821: 811: 807: 803: 797: 796: 792: 787:This section 785: 781: 776: 775: 767: 763: 759: 755: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 726: 722: 717: 712: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 688: 685: 672: 663: 653: 650: 642: 632: 628: 624: 618: 617: 613: 608:This section 606: 602: 597: 596: 588: 586: 575: 573: 569: 568:Octane rating 553: 550: 548: 544: 532: 529: 521: 511: 507: 503: 497: 496: 492: 487:This section 485: 481: 476: 475: 464: 459: 455: 453: 442: 438: 430: 428: 424: 420: 416: 411: 409: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 380:E20-E25 blend 377: 372: 369: 365: 356: 353: 352:flexible-fuel 348: 339: 336: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 304: 302: 298: 294: 290: 285: 283: 279: 278:Latin America 275: 265: 263: 252: 250: 249:Aviation fuel 244: 235: 232: 228: 222: 220: 204: 200: 196: 192: 181: 178: 170: 160: 156: 152: 146: 145: 141: 136:This section 134: 130: 125: 124: 116: 112: 109: 104: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 81: 79: 75: 71: 67: 59: 54: 47: 46:Fiat Multipla 42: 34: 30: 19: 5784: 5777: 5770: 5713:Hybrid train 5676: 5578:Ethanol fuel 5558:Butanol fuel 5543:Alcohol fuel 5478:Hybrid train 5419:Electric car 5407:Electric bus 5175: 5144:the original 5138: 5127:, retrieved 5123:the original 5117: 5080: 5071: 5047: 5036: 5025: 5014: 5003:. 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