Carbon dioxide - Knowledge

5178: 6532: 2998: 6443: 6022: 3993: 4726: 17766: 47: 484: 304: 70: 6186: 4946: 60: 6620: 4252: 2956: 5806: 18995: 6752: 17748: 1014: 3873: 18959: 17468: 4028:. In concentrations up to 1% (10,000 ppm), it will make some people feel drowsy and give the lungs a stuffy feeling. Concentrations of 7% to 10% (70,000 to 100,000 ppm) may cause suffocation, even in the presence of sufficient oxygen, manifesting as dizziness, headache, visual and hearing dysfunction, and unconsciousness within a few minutes to an hour. The physiological effects of acute carbon dioxide exposure are grouped together under the term 17456: 4068: 5911: 17492: 17480: 1781: 17757: 3762: 2624: 18983: 10405: 18971: 6454:, especially in the food industry, where they are employed during the transportation and storage of ice cream and other frozen foods. Solid carbon dioxide is called "dry ice" and is used for small shipments where refrigeration equipment is not practical. Solid carbon dioxide is always below −78.5 °C (−109.3 °F) at regular atmospheric pressure, regardless of the air temperature. 1360: 1017: 2105:, in neutral or slightly alkaline water (pH > 6.5), the bicarbonate form predominates (>50%) becoming the most prevalent (>95%) at the pH of seawater. In very alkaline water (pH > 10.4), the predominant (>50%) form is carbonate. The oceans, being mildly alkaline with typical pH = 8.2–8.5, contain about 120 mg of bicarbonate per liter. 5990:. Traditionally, the carbonation of beer and sparkling wine came about through natural fermentation, but many manufacturers carbonate these drinks with carbon dioxide recovered from the fermentation process. In the case of bottled and kegged beer, the most common method used is carbonation with recycled carbon dioxide. With the exception of British 1019: 1807:, meaning that they have the same frequency and same energy, because of the symmetry of the molecule. When a molecule touches a surface or touches another molecule, the two bending modes can differ in frequency because the interaction is different for the two modes. Some of the vibrational modes are observed in the 6206:, contain liquid carbon dioxide under pressure. Carbon dioxide extinguishers work well on small flammable liquid and electrical fires, but not on ordinary combustible fires, because they do not cool the burning substances significantly, and when the carbon dioxide disperses, they can catch fire upon exposure to 6124:

can react at these high temperatures. It tends to produce a hotter puddle than truly inert atmospheres, improving the flow characteristics. Although, this may be due to atmospheric reactions occurring at the puddle site. This is usually the opposite of the desired effect when welding, as it tends to

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content of arterial blood may be lowered to 10–20 mmHg (the oxygen content of the blood is little affected), and the respiratory drive is diminished. This is why one can hold one's breath longer after hyperventilating than without hyperventilating. This carries the risk that unconsciousness may

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in motorcycle helmets has been criticized for having dubious methodology in not noting the self-reports of motorcycle riders and taking measurements using mannequins. Further when normal motorcycle conditions were achieved (such as highway or city speeds) or the visor was raised the concentration of

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However a review of the literature found that a reliable subset of studies on the phenomenon of carbon dioxide induced cognitive impairment to only show a small effect on high-level decision making (for concentrations below 5000 ppm). Most of the studies were confounded by inadequate study designs,

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Because it is heavier than air, in locations where the gas seeps from the ground (due to sub-surface volcanic or geothermal activity) in relatively high concentrations, without the dispersing effects of wind, it can collect in sheltered/pocketed locations below average ground level, causing animals

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To maintain chemical equilibrium, some of the carbonate ions already in the ocean combine with some of the hydrogen ions to make further bicarbonate. Thus the ocean's concentration of carbonate ions is reduced, removing an essential building block for marine organisms to build shells, or calcify:

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A change in pH by 0.1 represents a 26% increase in hydrogen ion concentration in the world's oceans (the pH scale is logarithmic, so a change of one in pH units is equivalent to a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration). Sea-surface pH and carbonate saturation states vary depending on ocean

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Carbon dioxide is used by the food industry, the oil industry, and the chemical industry. The compound has varied commercial uses but one of its greatest uses as a chemical is in the production of carbonated beverages; it provides the sparkle in carbonated beverages such as soda water, beer and

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Although the body requires oxygen for metabolism, low oxygen levels normally do not stimulate breathing. Rather, breathing is stimulated by higher carbon dioxide levels. As a result, breathing low-pressure air or a gas mixture with no oxygen at all (such as pure nitrogen) can lead to loss of

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Standard 62.1–2007 ventilation rates may result in indoor concentrations up to 2,100 ppm above ambient outdoor conditions. Thus if the outdoor concentration is 400 ppm, indoor concentrations may reach 2,500 ppm with ventilation rates that meet this industry consensus standard.

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Very little of the extra carbon dioxide that is added into the ocean remains as dissolved carbon dioxide. The majority dissociates into additional bicarbonate and free hydrogen ions. The increase in hydrogen is larger than the increase in bicarbonate, creating an imbalance in the reaction:

4107:) since the adaptation is physiological and reversible, as deterioration in performance or in normal physical activity does not happen at this level of exposure for five days. Yet, other studies show a decrease in cognitive function even at much lower levels. Also, with ongoing respiratory 5889:

to sustain and increase the rate of plant growth. At very high concentrations (100 times atmospheric concentration, or greater), carbon dioxide can be toxic to animal life, so raising the concentration to 10,000 ppm (1%) or higher for several hours will eliminate pests such as

6359:, significantly reduces its viscosity, and changing surface chemistry enabling the oil to flow more rapidly through the reservoir to the removal well. In mature oil fields, extensive pipe networks are used to carry the carbon dioxide to the injection points. 3965:

from respiration and decomposition of dead specimens (e.g., fallen branches) as is used in photosynthesis in growing plants. Contrary to the long-standing view that they are carbon neutral, mature forests can continue to accumulate carbon and remain valuable

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standards recognize carbon dioxide systems for fire protection of ship holds and engine rooms. Carbon dioxide-based fire-protection systems have been linked to several deaths, because it can cause suffocation in sufficiently high concentrations. A review of

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systems require highly mechanically resistant reservoirs and components that have already been developed for mass production in many sectors. In automobile air conditioning, in more than 90% of all driving conditions for latitudes higher than 50°,

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Carbon dioxide is used in many consumer products that require pressurized gas because it is inexpensive and nonflammable, and because it undergoes a phase transition from gas to liquid at room temperature at an attainable pressure of approximately

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2349 cm (wavelength 4.25 μm) and the degenerate pair of bending modes at 667 cm (wavelength 15 μm). The symmetric stretching mode does not create an electric dipole so is not observed in IR spectroscopy, but it is detected in

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When carbon dioxide dissolves in desalinated water, the electrical conductivity increases significantly from below 1 μS/cm to nearly 30 μS/cm. When heated, the water begins to gradually lose the conductivity induced by the presence of

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have demonstrated kidney calcification and bone loss after eight weeks of exposure. A study of humans exposed in 2.5 hour sessions demonstrated significant negative effects on cognitive abilities at concentrations as low as 0.1%

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physical properties are highly favorable for cooling, refrigeration, and heating purposes, having a high volumetric cooling capacity. Due to the need to operate at pressures of up to 130 bars (1,900 psi; 13,000 kPa),

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experiment, an instantaneous image of the molecular structure can be deduced. Such an experiment has been performed for carbon dioxide. The result of this experiment, and the conclusion of theoretical calculations based on an

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Carbon dioxide content in fresh air (averaged between sea-level and 10 kPa level, i.e., about 30 km (19 mi) altitude) varies between 0.036% (360 ppm) and 0.041% (412 ppm), depending on the location.

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of swimming pools, by continuously adding gas to the water, thus keeping the pH from rising. Among the advantages of this is the avoidance of handling (more hazardous) acids. Similarly, it is also used in the maintaining

6366:, carbon dioxide would be pumped into the coal seam to displace methane, as opposed to current methods which primarily rely on the removal of water (to reduce pressure) to make the coal seam release its trapped methane. 11942: 5198:

Changes in ocean chemistry can have extensive direct and indirect effects on organisms and their habitats. One of the most important repercussions of increasing ocean acidity relates to the production of shells out of

8457: 4868:'s surface temperature through the greenhouse effect. Light emission from the Earth's surface is most intense in the infrared region between 200 and 2500 cm, as opposed to light emission from the much hotter 6197:

Carbon dioxide can be used to extinguish flames by flooding the environment around the flame with the gas. It does not itself react to extinguish the flame, but starves the flame of oxygen by displacing it. Some

9230:"Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments" 8866:"Associations of Cognitive Function Scores with Carbon Dioxide, Ventilation, and Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Workers: A Controlled Exposure Study of Green and Conventional Office Environments" 4812:

reached a new record high of 425.22 parts per million (ppm), marking an increase of 4.7 ppm over March 2023. By the latest measurement, levels had further escalated to 427.48 ppm. This continuous increase in

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was much less than that of the original charcoal. His interpretation was that the rest of the charcoal had been transmuted into an invisible substance he termed a "gas" (from Greek "chaos") or "wild spirit"

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is the parameter that changes the fastest (with hygrometry and oxygen levels when humans or animals are gathered in a closed or poorly ventilated room). In poor countries, many open hearths are sources of

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Archer, Steven R.; Andersen, Erik M.; Predick, Katharine I.; Schwinning, Susanne; Steidl, Robert J.; Woods, Steven R. (2017), Briske, David D. (ed.), "Woody Plant Encroachment: Causes and Consequences",

9290: 6600:'s 2020 guidelines for carbon dioxide induction state that a displacement rate of 30–70% of the chamber or cage volume per minute is optimal for the humane euthanasia of small rodents. Percentages of CO 8747:(Report). IFEM Report. Environmental Biomedical Stress Data Center, Institute for Environmental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center. No. 2-71. Archived from the original on 24 July 2011 8172: 7773: 4501:

The body produces approximately 2.3 pounds (1.0 kg) of carbon dioxide per day per person, containing 0.63 pounds (290 g) of carbon. In humans, this carbon dioxide is carried through the

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decompose organic material producing methane and carbon dioxide together with traces of other compounds. Regardless of the type of organic material, the production of gases follows well defined

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vessels such as barrels to prevent oxidation, though it has the problem that it can dissolve into the wine, making a previously still wine slightly fizzy. For this reason, other gases such as

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Electrical conductivity of carbondioxide saturated desalinated water when heated from 20 to 98 °C. The shadowed regions indicate the error bars associated with the measurements. Data on

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Nordestgaard BG, Rostgaard J (February 1985). "Critical-point drying versus freeze drying for scanning electron microscopy: a quantitative and qualitative study on isolated hepatocytes".

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from air, but the method is inefficient. Industrially, carbon dioxide is predominantly an unrecovered waste product, produced by several methods which may be practiced at various scales.

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Such reactions are accompanied by foaming or bubbling, or both, as the gas is released. They have widespread uses in industry because they can be used to neutralize waste acid streams.

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Lupton J, Lilley M, Butterfield D, Evans L, Embley R, Olson E, et al. (2004). "Liquid Carbon Dioxide Venting at the Champagne Hydrothermal Site, NW Eifuku Volcano, Mariana Arc".

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Carbon dioxide has also been widely used as an extinguishing agent in fixed fire-protection systems for local application of specific hazards and total flooding of a protected space.

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of 1, non-ozone depleting, non-toxic, non-flammable) could make it the future working fluid to replace current HFCs in cars, supermarkets, and heat pump water heaters, among others.

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Carbon dioxide is one of the most commonly used compressed gases for pneumatic (pressurized gas) systems in portable pressure tools. Carbon dioxide is also used as an atmosphere for

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traps energy near the surface, warming the surface of Earth and its lower atmosphere. Less energy reaches the upper atmosphere, which is therefore cooler because of this absorption.

9387:"Is CO 2 a good proxy for indoor air quality in classrooms? Part 1: The interrelationships between thermal conditions, CO 2 levels, ventilation rates and selected indoor pollutants" 1018: 6941:

Span R, Wagner W (1 November 1996). "A New Equation of State for Carbon Dioxide Covering the Fluid Region from the Triple-Point Temperature to 1100 K at Pressures up to 800 MPa".

9163: 8054: 9817: 6721:, who in 1835 opened a pressurized container of liquid carbon dioxide, only to find that the cooling produced by the rapid evaporation of the liquid yielded a "snow" of solid CO 6674:

to yield a gas he called "fixed air". He observed that the fixed air was denser than air and supported neither flame nor animal life. Black also found that when bubbled through

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The taste of soda water (and related taste sensations in other carbonated beverages) is an effect of the dissolved carbon dioxide rather than the bursting bubbles of the gas.

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Local concentrations of carbon dioxide can reach high values near strong sources, especially those that are isolated by surrounding terrain. At the Bossoleto hot spring near

17192: 6141:), allowing far more carbon dioxide to fit in a given container than otherwise would. Life jackets often contain canisters of pressured carbon dioxide for quick inflation. 1835:

of the molecule, is that none of the molecules in the gas phase are ever exactly linear. This counter-intuitive result is trivially due to the fact that the nuclear motion

8465: 6888: 4513:, which is the pressure which carbon dioxide would have had if it alone occupied the volume. In humans, the blood carbon dioxide contents are shown in the adjacent table. 4152:

induced increases in cerebral blood flow. Another study observed a decline in basic activity level and information usage at 1000 ppm, when compared to 500 ppm.

11158: 18308: 18078: 18038: 17530: 15577: 7404: 5554:), coal, wood and generic organic matter produces carbon dioxide and, except in the case of pure carbon, water. As an example, the chemical reaction between methane and 8545:

Falkowski P, Scholes RJ, Boyle E, Canadell J, Canfield D, Elser J, et al. (October 2000). "The global carbon cycle: a test of our knowledge of earth as a system".

6053:. The main advantage of using dry ice over water ice is that it cools the grapes without adding any additional water that might decrease the sugar concentration in the 5994:, draught beer is usually transferred from kegs in a cold room or cellar to dispensing taps on the bar using pressurized carbon dioxide, sometimes mixed with nitrogen. 5869:

for chemical production, electrochemical methods are also being explored at a research level. In particular, the use of renewable energy for production of fuels from CO

5141:. This can cause acidity to rise, lowering the pH and carbonate saturation levels in these areas. There are several other factors that influence the atmosphere-ocean CO 4278:. Carbon dioxide differential above outdoor concentrations at steady state conditions (when the occupancy and ventilation system operation are sufficiently long that CO 1803:

as shown in the diagram. In the symmetric and the antisymmetric stretching modes, the atoms move along the axis of the molecule. There are two bending modes, which are

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Carbon dioxide is often used to "stun" animals before slaughter. "Stunning" may be a misnomer, as the animals are not knocked out immediately and may suffer distress.

5873:(such as methanol) is attractive as this could result in fuels that could be easily transported and used within conventional combustion technologies but have no net CO 2676: 4677:. This is especially perilous for high-altitude fighter pilots. It is also why flight attendants instruct passengers, in case of loss of cabin pressure, to apply the 18239: 18214: 18204: 17368: 11246: 10004:

Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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Climate Change 2022: Mitigation of Climate Change. Contribution of Working Group III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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calcium carbonate. He used this phenomenon to illustrate that carbon dioxide is produced by animal respiration and microbial fermentation. In 1772, English chemist

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with them as they worked. The canary is more sensitive to asphyxiant gases than humans, and as it became unconscious would stop singing and fall off its perch. The

17036: 5638:. These processes begin with the reaction of water and natural gas (mainly methane). This is a major source of food-grade carbon dioxide for use in carbonation of 3970:, helping to maintain the carbon balance of Earth's atmosphere. Additionally, and crucially to life on earth, photosynthesis by phytoplankton consumes dissolved CO 5650:. In the summer of 2018 a shortage of carbon dioxide for these purposes arose in Europe due to the temporary shut-down of several ammonia plants for maintenance. 3900:

levels cause increased growth reflected in the harvestable yield of crops, with wheat, rice and soybean all showing increases in yield of 12–14% under elevated CO

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Schäfer M, Richter M, Span R (2015). "Measurements of the viscosity of carbon dioxide at temperatures from (253.15 to 473.15) K with pressures up to 1.2 MPa".

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Comparison of the pressure–temperature phase diagrams of carbon dioxide (red) and water (blue) as a log-lin chart with phase transitions points at 1 atmosphere

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flows from anthropogenic sources (left) into Earth's atmosphere, land, and ocean sinks (right) since the 1960s. Units in equivalent gigatonnes carbon per year.

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located therein to be suffocated. Carrion feeders attracted to the carcasses are then also killed. Children have been killed in the same way near the city of

18699: 18515: 18450: 18390: 18318: 18224: 18118: 17988: 17943: 17614: 17209: 11892: 9098: 8458:"Global Environment Division Greenhouse Gas Assessment Handbook – A Practical Guidance Document for the Assessment of Project-level Greenhouse Gas Emissions" 8111: 7070: 7048: 4614:

bound to hemoglobin does not bind to the same site as oxygen. Instead, it combines with the N-terminal groups on the four globin chains. However, because of

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environmental comfort, uncertainties in exposure doses and differing cognitive assessments used. Similarly a study on the effects of the concentration of CO

18244: 18088: 18058: 10102: 7379: 1219: 7724: 4789:, as of 2010, contributing 50% of the greenhouse effect, followed by carbon dioxide at 20%. The current global average concentration of carbon dioxide (CO 19166: 18174: 18154: 17827: 16645: 16471: 6702:

as Priestley knew it) on chalk in order to produce carbon dioxide, and forcing the gas to dissolve by agitating a bowl of water in contact with the gas.

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in a greenhouse. Some plants respond more favorably to rising carbon dioxide concentrations than others, which can lead to vegetation regime shifts like

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Li Z, Mayer RJ, Ofial AR, Mayr H (May 2020). "From Carbodiimides to Carbon Dioxide: Quantification of the Electrophilic Reactivities of Heteroallenes".

2332: 19455: 18199: 16640: 11207: 10471:"The recent state and variability of the carbonate system of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago and adjacent basins in the context of ocean acidification" 2963:

Carbon dioxide is colorless. At low concentrations, the gas is odorless; however, at sufficiently high concentrations, it has a sharp, acidic odor. At

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rise to above 75% overnight, sufficient to kill insects and small animals. After sunrise the gas is dispersed by convection. High concentrations of CO

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Etheridge, D.M.; L.P. Steele; R.L. Langenfelds; R.J. Francey; J.-M. Barnola; V.I. Morgan (1996). "Natural and anthropogenic changes in atmospheric CO

5210:). This process is called calcification and is important to the biology and survival of a wide range of marine organisms. Calcification involves the 1911: 11821: 17837: 17539: 11587: 5885:

Plants require carbon dioxide to conduct photosynthesis. The atmospheres of greenhouses may (if of large size, must) be enriched with additional CO

9859: 8949: 5177: 18194: 17523: 16445: 10430:"Two Decades of Ocean Acidification in the Surface Waters of the Beaufort Gyre, Arctic Ocean: Effects of Sea Ice Melt and Retreat From 1997–2016" 9813: 8784: 4294:

Miners, who are particularly vulnerable to gas exposure due to insufficient ventilation, referred to mixtures of carbon dioxide and nitrogen as "

1042: 11504: 11305: 10158: 17864: 10693: 6199: 9531: 3058:. Unlike silica and germania glasses, however, carbonia glass is not stable at normal pressures and reverts to gas when pressure is released. 3050:. This discovery confirmed the theory that carbon dioxide could exist in a glass state similar to other members of its elemental family, like 18410: 17807: 16154: 10842: 7933:"Enhanced translation of a chloroplast-expressed RbcS gene restores small subunit levels and photosynthesis in nuclear RbcS antisense plants" 6808: 6803: 4021: 46: 11282: 17958: 16387: 4025: 3876:

Overview of photosynthesis and respiration. Carbon dioxide (at right), together with water, form oxygen and organic compounds (at left) by

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it was encountered in mining operations and well sinking. Slow oxidation of coal and biological processes replaced the oxygen to create a

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is 304.128(15) K (30.978(15) °C) at 7.3773(30) MPa (72.808(30) atm). Another form of solid carbon dioxide observed at high pressure is an

17869: 16271: 15673: 12228: 9625: 8683: 7449: 6034: 8031: 7342: 5012:). There is about fifty times as much carbon dioxide dissolved in the oceans as exists in the atmosphere. The oceans act as an enormous 19032: 17516: 16530: 16488: 15463: 15170: 11978: 8093: 7802: 4333:

Humans spend more and more time in a confined atmosphere (around 80-90% of the time in a building or vehicle). According to the French

1765:, noticeably shorter than the roughly 140 pm length of a typical single C–O bond, and shorter than most other C–O multiply bonded 10664: 9809: 8926: 7264: 18737: 18053: 17409: 16525: 16110: 7158: 5191: 4626:, and is important in the transport of carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs. Conversely, a rise in the partial pressure of CO 11358: 4697:

result before the need to breathe becomes overwhelming, which is why hyperventilation is particularly dangerous before free diving.

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In the gas phase, carbon dioxide molecules undergo significant vibrational motions and do not keep a fixed structure. However, in a

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In medicine, up to 5% carbon dioxide (130 times atmospheric concentration) is added to oxygen for stimulation of breathing after

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when compared with ambient conditions, though this assumes no change in climate and no limitation on other nutrients. Elevated CO

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species that can act as an acid or as a base, depending on pH of the solution. At high pH, it dissociates significantly into the

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crew experienced headaches, lethargy, mental slowness, emotional irritation, and sleep disruption. Studies in animals at 0.5% CO

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enrichment leads to decreased concentrations of micronutrients in crop plants. This may have knock-on effects on other parts of

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molecule. Upper left: symmetric stretching. Upper right: antisymmetric stretching. Lower line: degenerate pair of bending modes.

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Carbon dioxide is 53% more dense than dry air, but is long lived and thoroughly mixes in the atmosphere. About half of excess CO

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are thermodynamically less favored and are often found to be highly reversible. The reversible reaction of carbon dioxide with

2732: 9312: 8710:(Report). Brooks AFB, TX School of Aerospace Medicine Technical Report. SAM-TR-67-77. Archived from the original on 9 May 2008 7397: 6125:

embrittle the site, but may not be a problem for general mild steel welding, where ultimate ductility is not a major concern.

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most metals. Use in the automotive industry is common despite significant evidence that welds made in carbon dioxide are more

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van Gardingen PR, Grace J, Jeffree CE, Byari SH, Miglietta F, Raschi A, Bettarini I (1997). "Long-term effects of enhanced CO

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of the last two million years. Reconstructed temperature records for the last 420 million years indicate that atmospheric CO

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with the oil. This approach can increase original oil recovery by reducing residual oil saturation by 7–23% additional to

5334:, produces almost pure liquid carbon dioxide, one of only two known sites in the world as of 2004, the other being in the 4872:

which is most intense in the visible region. Absorption of infrared light at the vibrational frequencies of atmospheric CO

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Atsumi S, Higashide W, Liao JC (December 2009). "Direct photosynthetic recycling of carbon dioxide to isobutyraldehyde".

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emissions in volcanic areas: case histories and hazards". In Raschi A, Miglietta F, Tognetti R, van Gardingen PR (eds.).

6214: 5949:). When placed in the mouth, it dissolves (just like other hard candy) and releases the gas bubbles with an audible pop. 1829: 1784: 16440: 10820: 8744: 8707: 7981:(Rubisco) is the most prevalent enzyme on this planet, accounting for 30–50% of total soluble protein in the chloroplast 2628: 1519:(ppm), or about 0.04% (as of May 2022) having risen from pre-industrial levels of 280 ppm or about 0.025%. Burning 59: 18902: 17336: 17197: 17154: 16650: 6363: 4423: 11914: 7824:

Santoro M, Gorelli FA, Bini R, Ruocco G, Scandolo S, Crichton WA (June 2006). "Amorphous silica-like carbon dioxide".

7265:"Carbon dioxide now more than 50% higher than pre-industrial levels | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration" 4310:

could also detect high levels of blackdamp (which sinks, and collects near the floor) by burning less brightly, while

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Carbon dioxide induction is commonly used for the euthanasia of laboratory research animals. Methods to administer CO

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is a biochemical process by which atmospheric carbon dioxide is incorporated by plants, algae and cyanobacteria into

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In addition to altering its acidity, the presence of carbon dioxide in water also affects its electrical properties.

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systems identified 51 incidents between 1975 and the date of the report (2000), causing 72 deaths and 145 injuries.

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at atmospheric pressure. Low-temperature carbon dioxide is commercially used in its solid form, commonly known as "

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In-Flight Carbon Dioxide Exposures and Related Symptoms: Associations, Susceptibility and Operational Implications

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Concentrations in poorly ventilated spaces can be found even higher than this (range of 3,000 or 4,000 ppm).

4103:). Several studies suggested that 2.0 percent inspired concentrations could be used for closed air spaces (e.g. a 1380: 18927: 17253: 17204: 16630: 16592: 16537: 16007: 12321: 12292: 11889:"The Coca-Cola Company Announces Adoption of HFC-Free Insulation in Refrigeration Units to Combat Global Warming" 10006: 9889: 7368: 4888: 3749:), from where it dissolves in the water, or to the lungs from where it is exhaled. During active photosynthesis, 3021: 654: 10098: 8410:

Davey MP, Bryant DN, Cummins I, Ashenden TW, Gates P, Baxter R, Edwards R (August 2004). "Effects of elevated CO

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Drake BG, Gonzalez-Meler MA, Long SP (June 1997). "More Efficient Plants: A Consequence of Rising Atmospheric CO

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of carbon dioxide is 216.592(3) K (−56.558(3) °C) at 0.51795(10) MPa (5.11177(99) atm) (see phase diagram). The

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Coviella CE, Trumble JT (1999). "Effects of Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Insect-Plant Interactions".

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used as a propellant and acidity regulator in the food industry. It is approved for usage in the EU (listed as

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concentrations is a clear indicator of ongoing global environmental stress, primarily driven by the burning of

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exposure limits have been set in the United States at 0.5% (5000 ppm) for an eight-hour period. At this CO

1824: 1728: 674: 9204:"Standard Guide for Using Indoor Carbon Dioxide Concentrations to Evaluate Indoor Air Quality and Ventilation" 4381:, Italy, situated in a bowl-shaped depression about 100 m (330 ft) in diameter, concentrations of CO 4302:

would frequently monitor for dangerous levels of blackdamp and other gases in mine shafts by bringing a caged

18852: 17431: 16966: 16498: 11611: 11565: 9992: 8766: 8729: 7752: 7290: 7204: 6823: 5123: 4321:) was added to a swimming pool to cool it down. A similar accident occurred in 2018 when a woman died from CO 4264: 3911:

concentrations result in fewer stomata developing on plants which leads to reduced water usage and increased

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Liquid carbon dioxide (industry nomenclature R744 or R-744) was used as a refrigerant prior to the use of

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and other chemical processing industries as a less toxic alternative to more traditional solvents such as

5498:. Carbon dioxide comprises about 40–45% of the gas that emanates from decomposition in landfills (termed " 4653:

Bicarbonate ions are crucial for regulating blood pH. A person's breathing rate influences the level of CO

4622:

decreases the amount of oxygen that is bound for a given partial pressure of oxygen. This is known as the

261: 20210: 20175: 18083: 16625: 16478: 15689: 6976:

Touloukian YS, Liley PE, Saxena SC (1970). "Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series".

6578: 6570:

in order to allow the calcium carbonate to dissolve into the water more freely, where it is used by some

6161:. High concentrations of carbon dioxide can also be used to kill pests. Liquid carbon dioxide is used in 5352: 4132: 3843:

and webs that feed other organisms, including animals such as ourselves. Some important phototrophs, the

2869: 462: 12311: 11591: 10261:"Ocean acidification in emission-driven temperature stabilization scenarios: the role of TCRE and non-CO 9433: 4348:

In homes, schools, nurseries and offices, there are no systematic relationships between the levels of CO

17484: 17248: 17051: 17008: 16781: 16703: 16557: 15519: 12582: 9843: 8956: 7231: 6643: 5859: 5338:. The finding of a submarine lake of liquid carbon dioxide in the Okinawa Trough was reported in 2006. 4802: 4525:

is carried in blood in three different ways. Exact percentages vary between arterial and venous blood.

2979: 2682: 2643: 2113: 1342: 1131: 1110: 713: 8833: 8371:

Davey MP, Harmens H, Ashenden TW, Edwards R, Baxter R (2007). "Species-specific effects of elevated CO

6503:(R744) operates more efficiently than systems using HFCs (e.g., R134a). Its environmental advantages ( 4487: 1430:

atoms. It is found in the gas state at room temperature, and as the source of available carbon in the

20180: 20165: 19018: 18842: 18837: 18018: 17353: 17028: 17003: 16976: 16938: 16855: 16673: 16520: 16483: 16233: 16002: 15997: 15992: 15156: 10150: 9784: 6683: 6470: 5959:

produces carbon dioxide by fermentation of sugars within the dough, while chemical leaveners such as

5817: 5211: 4908: 4356:

is statistically not a good predictor of pollutants linked to outdoor road (or air, etc.) traffic. CO

311: 16868: 11538: 10686: 10586:

Inagaki F, Kuypers MM, Tsunogai U, Ishibashi J, Nakamura K, Treude T, et al. (September 2006).

8143: 6061:

concentration in the finished wine. Carbon dioxide is also used to create a hypoxic environment for

5441:. The large number of reactions involved are exceedingly complex and not described easily. Refer to 4282:

concentration has stabilized) are sometimes used to estimate ventilation rates per person. Higher CO

2997: 20145: 18882: 17363: 17358: 17348: 17289: 17129: 16635: 16600: 16493: 16420: 16261: 16090: 16026: 15987: 10849: 6504: 5899: 5631: 5044: 5043:. Between 1950 and 2020, the average pH of the ocean surface fell from approximately 8.15 to 8.05. 4896: 3987: 1832: 1804: 479: 376: 8487:

Luyssaert S, Schulze ED, Börner A, Knohl A, Hessenmöller D, Law BE, et al. (September 2008).

5842:

In the chemical industry, carbon dioxide is mainly consumed as an ingredient in the production of

5698:

from most metal carbonates. Consequently, it may be obtained directly from natural carbon dioxide

5134:, are especially vulnerable because they rely on calcium carbonate to build shells and skeletons. 191: 20140: 18962: 17472: 17394: 17304: 17046: 17018: 16698: 16357: 16335: 15942: 15658: 13812: 12548: 11681:

Cobb S, Badiani V, Dharani A, Wagner A, Zacarias S, Oliveira AR, et al. (28 February 2022).

11272: 10730: 10518:

Mitchell, Mark J.; Jensen, Oliver E.; Cliffe, K. Andrew; Maroto-Valer, M. Mercedes (8 May 2010).

6769: – A test of blood taken from an artery that measures the amounts of certain dissolved gases 6766: 6635: 6608: 6458: 6442: 6397: 5245: 4472: 4317:

In February 2020, three people died from suffocation at a party in Moscow when dry ice (frozen CO

4080: 2987: 1657: 762: 6021: 4887:

increase the absorption and emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere. This has led to a

2990:

directly to a gas above this temperature. In its solid state, carbon dioxide is commonly called

2751:

scrubbers and has been suggested as a possible starting point for carbon capture and storage by

2116:, the first one for the dissociation into the bicarbonate (also called hydrogen carbonate) ion ( 2039:

Hence, the majority of the carbon dioxide is not converted into carbonic acid, but remains as CO

209: 20150: 20078: 20064: 18817: 17782: 17692: 17569: 17564: 17071: 16891: 16833: 16750: 16735: 16620: 16266: 16212: 16207: 16202: 16197: 16192: 16187: 14383: 14369: 13557: 13455: 8691: 8138: 6781: 6420:

technique using enzymes isolated from bacteria to power the chemical reactions which convert CO

4745:

over that time period is clearly visible. The concentration is expressed as μmole per mole, or

4096: 2764: 1774: 1758: 911: 12208: 10881: 10875: 10074: 10068: 9629: 8918: 8607:

Poisoning Symptoms, Carbon Dioxide Exposure Limits, and Links to Toxic Gas Testing Procedures"

7433: 6304:

Carbon dioxide can be mixed with up to 50% oxygen, forming an inhalable gas; this is known as

3827:

use the products of their photosynthesis as internal food sources and as raw material for the

1671:, as a pressurizing gas in air guns and oil recovery, and as a supercritical fluid solvent in 20200: 20092: 20008: 19492: 18872: 18847: 18485: 18103: 17650: 17460: 17106: 16983: 16791: 16251: 16174: 14984: 14720: 13829: 13608: 13540: 13164: 12616: 10180:

Friedlingstein P, Jones MW, O'sullivan M, Andrew RM, Hauck J, Peters GP, et al. (2019).

9804: 9802: 8783:

Satish U, Mendell MJ, Shekhar K, Hotchi T, Sullivan D, Streufert S, Fisk WJ (December 2012).

8027: 7482: 7334: 6630:

Carbon dioxide was the first gas to be described as a discrete substance. In about 1640, the

6340: 6134: 5946: 5446: 4926: 4857: 4798: 4754: 4734: 4615: 4341:

rate in the indoor air of buildings (linked to human or animal occupancy and the presence of

4256: 3815: 3009: 2968: 1808: 1716: 89: 11967: 7798: 3957:, are only net absorbers during the day. Though a growing forest will absorb many tons of CO 2735:. However, unlike electrophiles of similar reactivity, the reactions of nucleophiles with CO 184: 20195: 20050: 19994: 19939: 19927: 19841: 19746: 19714: 19411: 19382: 19358: 19084: 18933: 18917: 18542: 17913: 17884: 17765: 17589: 17299: 17177: 16838: 16413: 16340: 15358: 14933: 14703: 14669: 14467: 14184: 13999: 13761: 13744: 13387: 13336: 12497: 12480: 12446: 12365: 12263: 11775: 11702: 11041: 10918: 10603: 10568: 10531: 10482: 10366: 10353:

Jiang, Li-Qing; Carter, Brendan R.; Feely, Richard A.; Lauvset, Siv K.; Olsen, Are (2019).

10276: 10193: 10091: 10036: 9924: 9386: 9368: 9045: 8760: 8723: 8554: 8503: 8423: 8329: 8130: 8069: 7944: 7833: 7594: 7544: 7004: 6950: 6547: 6536: 6162: 5998: 5699: 5442: 5422: 4774: 4725: 4658: 4099:

and kidney bicarbonate production, in order to balance the effects of blood acidification (

3992: 3912: 3881: 3722: 3102: 2983: 1676: 1622: 1583: 778: 440: 123: 31: 10660: 9799: 7906:

Incropera, Frank P.; Dewitt, David P.; Bergman, Theodore L.; Lavigne, Adrienne S. (2007).

6784: – Removal of atmospheric carbon dioxide through human activity (from the atmosphere) 6604:

vary for different species, based on identified optimal percentages to minimize distress.

6315:, dry spas that use carbon dioxide from post-volcanic discharge for therapeutic purposes. 4240:

Headaches, sleepiness; poor concentration, loss of attention, slight nausea also possible

3869:, where what was previously atmospheric carbon can remain fixed for geological timescales. 8: 20190: 20036: 20019: 19873: 19853: 19828: 19799: 19591: 19516: 19475: 19431: 19370: 19346: 19325: 19218: 19206: 19052: 18877: 18857: 18670: 18360: 17848: 17712: 17687: 17655: 17574: 17316: 17091: 16325: 16320: 15707: 15428: 15414: 15400: 15372: 15040: 14950: 14796: 14411: 14341: 14285: 14086: 14058: 13982: 13965: 13948: 13914: 13863: 13795: 13727: 13591: 13523: 13489: 13438: 13302: 13144: 13134: 13094: 12897: 12873: 12730: 12650: 12633: 12599: 12463: 9837: 9835: 6543: 6344: 6062: 6046: 5491: 5032: 5025: 4967: 4892: 4286:

concentrations are associated with occupant health, comfort and performance degradation.

4084: 3784:, thus creating their own food by photosynthesis. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and 3734: 3108: 3096: 3062: 2986:

directly to a solid at temperatures below 194.6855(30) K (−78.4645(30) °C) and the solid

2950: 1800: 1696: 1495: 281: 160: 150: 17: 12267: 12173: 12133:"On the Application of Liquids Formed by the Condensation of Gases as Mechanical Agents" 11779: 11762:

Edwardes Moore E, Cobb SJ, Coito AM, Oliveira AR, Pereira IA, Reisner E (January 2022).

11706: 11045: 11000: 10996: 10922: 10607: 10572: 10535: 10486: 10370: 10280: 10197: 10040: 9985: 9928: 9049: 8669: 8558: 8507: 8427: 8333: 8134: 8073: 7948: 7837: 7598: 7548: 7008: 6954: 3806:

involved in the first major step of carbon fixation, the production of two molecules of

2631:. A comparison with the temperature dependence of vented desalinated water can be found 1186: 241: 19865: 19816: 19754: 19661: 19578: 19566: 19545: 19443: 19194: 19154: 18975: 18897: 18867: 18812: 18689: 18665: 18164: 18098: 17963: 17923: 17774: 17737: 17697: 17676: 17619: 17594: 17144: 17076: 16993: 16843: 16808: 16765: 16760: 16755: 16330: 15762: 15533: 15386: 15344: 15319: 15313: 15309: 14967: 14866: 14737: 14618: 14579: 14551: 14156: 14016: 13931: 13897: 13846: 13659: 13625: 13404: 13261: 13251: 13044: 13034: 13017: 12987: 12917: 12678: 12565: 12514: 12395: 12271: 12154: 12098: 11798: 11763: 11744: 11731: 11682: 11663: 11526: 11430: 11418: 11343: 11067: 10973: 10941: 10906: 10646: 10626: 10587: 10500: 10451: 10389: 10354: 10300: 9948: 9760: 9735: 9677: 9652: 9414: 9338: 9254: 9229: 9071: 8890: 8865: 8820: 8578: 8527: 8353: 8345: 8302: 8263: 8219: 8198: 8164: 8085: 7857: 7765: 7680: 7560: 7308: 6516: 6462: 6207: 6165:

of some food products and technological materials, in the preparation of specimens for

5707: 5635: 5368: 5249: 4845: 4801:, up from 280 ppm during the 10,000 years prior to the mid-18th century. The increase 4746: 4546: 4345:

installations), weighted by air renewal, is "usually between about 350 and 2,500 ppm".

4275: 3807: 3750: 3030: 2752: 2614: 1817: 1746: 1049: 875: 869: 221: 12020: 11606: 10233: 9904: 9832: 8298: 7967: 7932: 7556: 5137:

depth and location. Colder and higher latitude waters are capable of absorbing more CO

4681:

to themselves first before helping others; otherwise, one risks losing consciousness.

4314:, another suffocating gas and explosion risk, would make the lamp burn more brightly. 1703:

and beer for effervescence. It has a sharp and acidic odor and generates the taste of

1667:

is a versatile industrial material, used, for example, as an inert gas in welding and

483: 303: 20155: 20026: 19951: 19915: 19833: 19738: 19726: 19647: 19639: 19627: 19583: 19504: 19467: 19423: 19399: 19334: 19305: 19174: 19108: 19076: 18922: 18505: 18405: 18375: 18293: 18033: 17918: 17874: 17822: 17629: 17624: 17556: 17378: 17041: 16786: 16552: 16345: 16308: 16095: 16049: 15807: 15787: 15647: 15453: 15259: 15068: 15012: 14880: 14838: 14810: 14782: 14754: 14686: 14652: 14635: 14593: 14495: 14481: 14397: 14271: 14243: 14201: 14044: 13778: 13676: 13574: 13506: 13472: 13353: 13271: 13154: 13108: 13104: 12977: 12847: 12786: 12717: 12531: 12102: 12054: 11803: 11748: 11736: 11718: 11655: 11422: 11252: 11213: 11101: 11059: 10946: 10885: 10792: 10759: 10734: 10631: 10504: 10455: 10394: 10333: 10304: 10292: 10078: 9940: 9849: 9765: 9709: 9682: 9598: 9569: 9508: 9475: 9418: 9406: 9259: 9228:

Allen JG, MacNaughton P, Satish U, Santanam S, Vallarino J, Spengler JD (June 2016).

9170: 9145: 9075: 9063: 8998: 8895: 8825: 8570: 8519: 8439: 8341: 8255: 8251: 8156: 8081: 8008: 7998: 7972: 7911: 7883: 7849: 7757: 7703: 7684: 7672: 7635: 7564: 7511: 7486: 7439: 7314: 7237: 7172: 7020: 6679: 6667: 6567: 6478: 6328: 6185: 6138: 5851: 5837: 5711: 5527: 5495: 5200: 4794: 4762: 4630:

or a lower pH will cause offloading of oxygen from hemoglobin, which is known as the

3954: 3853: 3848: 3741:, the carbon dioxide travels in the blood from the body's tissues to the skin (e.g., 3357: 3055: 1840: 1668: 1516: 1396: 1327: 1265: 1245: 1214: 1180: 857: 17508: 11434: 9952: 8435: 8357: 8306: 8267: 8089: 7769: 3061:

At temperatures and pressures above the critical point, carbon dioxide behaves as a

19980: 19898: 19787: 19690: 19678: 19652: 19557: 19487: 19394: 19317: 19285: 19272: 19096: 19041: 18999: 18987: 18907: 18807: 18712: 18660: 18093: 17968: 17933: 17854: 17842: 17802: 17707: 17640: 17421: 16988: 16971: 16912: 16803: 16567: 16291: 16164: 16100: 15779: 15757: 15741: 15733: 15284: 15239: 15229: 15026: 14894: 14824: 14537: 14425: 14355: 14327: 14299: 14170: 14142: 14128: 13370: 13231: 13214: 13184: 13114: 13007: 12997: 12937: 12782: 12743: 12704: 12306: 12220: 12144: 12090: 12074: 12016: 11793: 11783: 11726: 11710: 11667: 11647: 11414: 11091: 11071: 11049: 10936: 10926: 10784: 10726: 10621: 10611: 10539: 10524:

Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences

10490: 10441: 10384: 10374: 10284: 10211: 10201: 10117: 10044: 9932: 9755: 9747: 9672: 9664: 9398: 9320: 9249: 9241: 9137: 9053: 8885: 8877: 8815: 8807: 8628: 8582: 8562: 8531: 8511: 8431: 8392: 8337: 8294: 8247: 8214: 8168: 8148: 8077: 7962: 7952: 7861: 7841: 7747: 7739: 7664: 7610: 7606: 7602: 7552: 7531:

Siegmann B, Werner U, Lutz HO, Mann R (2002). "Complete Coulomb fragmentation of CO

7474: 7164: 7160:

Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean

7012: 6958: 6757: 6687: 6417: 6402: 6252: 6158: 5956: 4662: 4510: 4053: 4049: 3862: 3789: 2967:, the density of carbon dioxide is around 1.98 kg/m, about 1.53 times that of 2760: 2509:{\displaystyle K_{\mathrm {a1} }{\rm {(apparent)}}={\frac {{\ce {}}}{{\ce { + }}}}} 1766: 1724: 1700: 1579: 1575: 1400: 1322: 1260: 1209: 986: 793: 688: 561: 10758:. New York: American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers. 5326:

Carbon dioxide is also introduced into the oceans through hydrothermal vents. The

4945: 4325:

fumes emanating from the large amount of dry ice she was transporting in her car.

3839:, and proteins. These are used for their own growth, and also as the basis of the 20119: 19985: 19968: 19811: 19766: 19673: 19609: 19533: 19255: 19242: 19186: 19149: 19120: 19064: 18595: 18570: 18108: 18048: 17832: 17732: 17717: 17702: 17609: 17599: 17373: 17294: 17258: 17187: 17161: 17149: 17066: 16998: 16873: 16730: 16352: 16303: 16281: 15861: 15819: 15795: 15749: 15725: 15712: 15330: 15249: 15219: 15193: 15139: 15135: 15054: 14852: 14565: 14509: 14439: 14229: 14114: 14072: 13710: 13693: 13642: 13319: 13204: 13194: 13084: 13064: 12967: 12927: 12808: 12756: 12691: 12429: 12358: 11389: 10416: 10010: 9999: 9874: 9668: 9141: 8861: 8614: 8566: 6813: 6710: 6563: 6239: 6203: 5952: 5627: 5222: 5182: 5083: 4419: 4303: 4111:, adaptation or compensatory mechanisms will be unable to reverse the condition. 4018:

Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals standards

3935: 3844: 3773: 3051: 2879: 2861: 2839: 1750: 1602: 1446:

on Earth. In the air, carbon dioxide is transparent to visible light but absorbs

1280: 1270: 1240: 836: 345: 12078: 11248:

Indian Breads: A Comprehensive Guide to Traditional and Innovative Indian Breads

11096: 9910: 9701: 6619: 6355:. It acts as both a pressurizing agent and, when dissolved into the underground 4933:

concentrations peaked at approximately 2,000 ppm. This peak happened during the

4505:

and is breathed out through the lungs, resulting in lower concentrations in the

4298:", "choke damp" or "stythe". Before more effective technologies were developed, 2534:(apparent) has a much larger denominator and a much smaller value than the true 2029:{\displaystyle K_{\mathrm {h} }={\frac {{\ce {}}}{{\ce {}}}}=1.70\times 10^{-3}} 404: 19528: 19132: 18832: 18797: 18580: 18470: 18435: 18420: 18355: 18350: 18249: 18149: 18068: 18043: 18008: 17953: 17928: 17645: 17326: 17182: 17124: 17119: 16961: 16850: 16582: 16577: 16572: 16430: 16367: 16105: 16085: 16044: 15965: 15908: 15903: 15767: 15613: 15572: 15270: 14908: 14453: 14313: 14215: 13880: 13421: 13074: 13054: 12821: 12412: 12049: 11768:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

11714: 11181: 10905:

Badwal SP, Giddey SS, Munnings C, Bhatt AI, Hollenkamp AF (24 September 2014).

10596:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

10409: 10379: 10288: 10216: 7937:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

6772: 6631: 6588:

include placing animals directly into a closed, prefilled chamber containing CO

6482: 6393: 6267: 6263: 6170: 6073: 5454: 5450: 5335: 5331: 4822: 4778: 4770: 4643: 4623: 4607: 4374: 4251: 4033: 4013: 3997: 3877: 3832: 3114: 2891: 1902: 1836: 1672: 1654: 1567: 1528: 1451: 1351: 1275: 703: 12326: 12224: 10260: 10206: 10181: 9592: 8396: 7044: 7016: 6775: – forms elemental carbon from CO2 and hydrogen using a metallic catalyst 1570:, which produces oxygen as a waste product. In turn, oxygen is consumed and CO 1075: 20134: 19906: 19778: 19280: 19267: 18862: 18717: 18600: 18575: 18556: 18500: 18380: 18338: 18333: 18073: 18063: 18023: 17898: 17792: 17747: 17722: 17604: 17584: 17399: 17331: 17056: 16878: 16863: 16798: 16693: 15913: 15618: 14523: 13241: 12957: 12947: 12795: 12769: 11722: 10931: 10812: 10788: 10296: 10013:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA 9944: 9751: 9410: 9402: 9174: 8864:, MacNaughton P, Satish U, Santanam S, Vallarino J, Spengler JD (June 2016). 8012: 7062: 7024: 6816: – Permanently stratified lake with layers of water that do not intermix 6787: 6733: 6695: 6559: 6010: 6002: 5960: 5938: 5919: 5740: 5674: 5670: 5592: 5146: 5064: 4834: 4738: 4502: 4079:

astronauts who had to adapt cartridges from the command module to supply the

3927:

as herbivores will need to eat more food to gain the same amount of protein.

3090: 3072:

Table of thermal and physical properties of saturated liquid carbon dioxide:

3047: 3002: 2887: 2109: 2062: 1873: 1852: 1641:

is released into the atmosphere through burning fossil fuels or naturally by

1591: 1551: 1535: 1420: 1317: 888: 726: 337: 292: 11788: 10616: 10495: 10470: 10469:

Beaupré-Laperrière, Alexis; Mucci, Alfonso; Thomas, Helmuth (31 July 2020).

8414:

on the vasculature and phenolic secondary metabolism of Plantago maritima".

8152: 8112:"Food for thought: lower-than-expected crop yield stimulation with rising CO 7957: 7882:(9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. pp. 600–606. 7297:, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, US 6728:

Carbon dioxide in combination with nitrogen was known from earlier times as

6343:

where it is injected into or adjacent to producing oil wells, usually under

6275: 5991: 4821:, which is the principal cause of this rise and also a major contributor to 3892:

Plants can grow as much as 50% faster in concentrations of 1,000 ppm CO

2955: 632:

kg/m (solid at 1 atm (100 kPa) and −78.5 °C (−109.3 °F))

19959: 19893: 19144: 18938: 18792: 18645: 18585: 18565: 18537: 18465: 18345: 18328: 18283: 18234: 18139: 17859: 17812: 17660: 17284: 17081: 16725: 16715: 16372: 16256: 16169: 15641: 15589: 14724: 14387: 14373: 14257: 13816: 13174: 13168: 13124: 12907: 12860: 12834: 12586: 12149: 12132: 12128: 12094: 11922: 11807: 11740: 11659: 11277: 11063: 10950: 10635: 10544: 10519: 10398: 10064: 9713: 9686: 9263: 9149: 9067: 8899: 8829: 8574: 8523: 8443: 8259: 8160: 7976: 7853: 7761: 7676: 7163:. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. 22 April 2010. pp. 23–24. 6706: 6659: 6271: 6256: 6050: 5511: 5499: 5430: 5226: 5099: 4963: 4766: 4711: 4586: 3836: 3828: 3766: 3751:

plants can absorb more carbon dioxide from the atmosphere than they release

3119: 3035: 3017: 2728: 2724: 2102: 1680: 1563: 1431: 1255: 981: 11426: 9769: 9700:

Patel, S.; Miao, J.H.; Yetiskul, E.; Anokhin, A.; Majmunder, S.H. (2022).

6654:

The properties of carbon dioxide were further studied in the 1750s by the

5626:

Carbon dioxide is a byproduct of the industrial production of hydrogen by

4797:(0.04%) as of May 2022. This is an increase of 50% since the start of the 1041: 19618: 19600: 18912: 18822: 18787: 18754: 18680: 18655: 18495: 18400: 18370: 18254: 18169: 18159: 17889: 17817: 17311: 16828: 16820: 16080: 15918: 15851: 15637: 15623: 15123: 14090: 13561: 13459: 12345: 11506:

Accelerating the uptake of CCS: industrial use of captured carbon dioxide

10446: 10429: 10049: 10024: 9466:

springs". In Raschi A, Miglietta F, Tognetti R, van Gardingen PR (eds.).

9006: 9002: 7910:(6th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. pp. 941–950. 7725:"Molecular approaches to the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide" 7668: 7084: 6737: 6451: 6433: 6348: 6174: 6113: 5980: 5964: 5895: 5588: 5543: 5535: 5170: 5166: 5047:

from human activities are the primary cause of ocean acidification, with

5013: 4818: 4678: 4647: 4631: 4530: 4394: 4029: 3967: 3931: 3078: 2772: 2078: 1754: 1707:

in the mouth, but at normally encountered concentrations it is odorless.

1634: 1606: 1539: 1520: 1479: 1459: 1423: 1250: 1048: 11863: 11486:

Carbon Dioxide as a Fire Suppressant: Examining the Risks, US EPA. 2000.

10520:"A model of carbon dioxide dissolution and mineral carbonation kinetics" 9245: 8881: 8811: 8515: 7845: 6120:

use is sometimes referred to as MAG welding, for Metal Active Gas, as CO

5850:

and a range of other products. Some carboxylic acid derivatives such as

5805: 3872: 1027: 18827: 18769: 18732: 18707: 18605: 18415: 18278: 17343: 16720: 15118: 14988: 14800: 14707: 14471: 13833: 13799: 13612: 13544: 13281: 13148: 10179: 8461: 8349: 8285:

and human nutrition: toward globally imbalanced plant stoichiometry?".

7743: 7615: 6469:

might enjoy a renaissance because one of the main substitutes to CFCs,

6406: 6249: 6130: 6066: 6054: 6038: 5987: 5983: 5942: 5927: 5891: 5643: 5523: 5434: 5372: 5079: 5060: 4849: 4674: 4603: 4592: 4442: 4342: 3953:

during respiration, and so the majority of plants and algae, which use

3840: 3824: 3738: 3730: 3726: 2545: 1812: 1704: 1646: 1034: 580: 312: 272: 12275: 12251: 12158: 10966:"Plant Growth Factors: Photosynthesis, Respiration, and Transpiration" 10003: 9936: 9881: 9325:

The victims were connected to Instagram influencer Yekaterina Didenko.

9058: 9029: 7294: 6705:

Carbon dioxide was first liquefied (at elevated pressures) in 1823 by

4119:

There are few studies of the health effects of long-term continuous CO

18759: 18624: 18460: 18264: 18144: 17998: 17973: 16298: 15923: 15898: 15882: 15856: 15628: 15179: 15093: 15044: 14954: 14870: 14597: 14485: 14415: 14345: 14289: 14275: 14205: 14062: 14048: 14003: 13765: 13748: 13714: 13391: 13340: 13323: 13198: 13138: 13098: 13088: 13048: 12931: 12921: 12901: 12812: 12682: 12552: 11764:"Understanding the local chemical environment of bioelectrocatalysis" 11651: 10907:"Emerging electrochemical energy conversion and storage technologies" 9203: 8026:

Blom TJ, Straver WA, Ingratta FJ, Khosla S, Brown W (December 2002).

6962: 6729: 6675: 6663: 6508: 6389: 6356: 6154: 6142: 6105: 5934: 5910: 5703: 5666: 5230: 5150: 4758: 4666: 4596: 4402: 4307: 4295: 4104: 4076: 4067: 3939: 3924: 3866: 3742: 3025: 2797: 2756: 2744: 2549: 2094: 1770: 1762: 1630: 1509: 1475: 1302: 812: 451: 12331: 12004: 11054: 11029: 9810:"Carbon dioxide now more than 50% higher than pre-industrial levels" 9462:

concentrations on leaf gas exchange: research opportunities using CO

9120:

Brühwiler PA, Stämpfli R, Huber R, Camenzind M (September 2005). "CO

3821:

RuBisCO is thought to be the single most abundant protein on Earth.

2322:

value calculated on the (incorrect) assumption that all dissolved CO

1839:

vanishes for linear geometries. This is so for all molecules except

1350:

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their

19010: 18727: 18639: 18440: 18303: 18288: 18259: 18128: 17903: 17727: 17671: 17665: 17634: 17579: 17547: 15113: 15103: 15098: 14937: 14884: 14842: 14814: 14786: 14758: 14741: 14673: 14622: 14583: 14555: 14541: 14429: 14359: 14331: 14303: 14188: 14160: 14146: 13986: 13969: 13952: 13918: 13884: 13867: 13731: 13595: 13527: 13493: 13357: 13306: 13265: 13255: 13158: 13128: 13038: 13021: 12991: 12981: 12877: 12851: 12825: 12799: 12734: 12501: 12467: 12450: 12399: 9385:

Chatzidiakou, Lia; Mumovic, Dejan; Summerfield, Alex (March 2015).

8110:

Long SP, Ainsworth EA, Leakey AD, Nösberger J, Ort DR (June 2006).

7168: 6851: 6829: 6655: 6639: 6384:

from power generation be bubbled into ponds to stimulate growth of

6305: 6077: 5923: 5847: 5596: 5547: 5539: 5234: 5158: 5127: 5115: 4938: 4934: 4922: 4506: 4398: 4335:

Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety

4108: 4100: 3013: 2314:(aq). The much smaller and often-quoted value near 4.16 × 10 (or pK 1610: 1559: 1471: 1447: 1412: 1000: 365: 329: 15688: 11306:"A more humane way of slaughtering chickens might get EU approval" 10428:

Zhang, Y.; Yamamoto-Kawai, M.; Williams, W.J. (16 February 2020).

7438:. Vol. 3: Product quality and formulation. John Wiley & Sons. 7042: 4123:

exposure on humans and animals at levels below 1%. Occupational CO

3942:

can also be altered in plants exposed to high concentrations of CO

3725:

in organisms that obtain energy by breaking down sugars, fats and

2974:

Carbon dioxide has no liquid state at pressures below 0.51795(10)

1609:. These sinks can become saturated and are volatile, as decay and 646:

kg/m (gas at 1 atm (100 kPa) and 0 °C (32 °F))

190: 183: 18892: 18722: 18675: 18634: 18590: 18532: 18527: 18490: 18480: 18475: 18430: 18425: 18365: 18298: 18189: 18184: 18134: 18013: 18003: 17756: 16276: 15934: 15846: 15841: 15835: 15108: 15072: 15016: 14971: 14898: 14828: 14690: 14656: 14639: 14569: 14513: 14499: 14443: 14401: 14247: 14233: 14076: 14020: 13935: 13901: 13850: 13663: 13629: 13442: 13408: 13374: 13275: 13235: 13188: 12961: 12951: 12941: 12773: 12747: 12708: 12654: 12637: 12620: 9888:

Global Monitoring Laboratory/Earth System Research Laboratories.

9562:"How much carbon dioxide do humans contribute through breathing?" 9369:

Concentrations de CO2 dans l'air intérieur et effets sur la santé

7128: 6714: 6624: 6312: 6245: 6150: 6109: 6101: 6072:

Carbon dioxide is sometimes used to top up wine bottles or other

6058: 6030: 5647: 5551: 5531: 5438: 5384: 5356: 5192:

Ocean acidification § Decreased calcification in marine organisms

5154: 4884: 4838: 4378: 4311: 3858: 3799: 3781: 3084: 2991: 2800: 2793: 1858: 1780: 1720: 1642: 1467: 1035: 620: 391: 132: 11687:

hydration kinetics impair heterogeneous but improve enzymatic CO

10517: 10355:"Surface ocean pH and buffer capacity: past, present and future" 10326:

Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide

9651:

Battisti-Charbonney, A.; Fisher, J.; Duffin, J. (15 June 2011).

9283:

Levels Directly Affect Human Cognition, New Harvard Study Shows"

8981:

Schaefer KE, Douglas WH, Messier AA, Shea ML, Gohman PA (1979).

8688:

A NOVA Production by Bonne Pioche and Greenspace for WGBH/Boston

5330:

hydrothermal vent, found at the Northwest Eifuku volcano in the

4860:) and 14.99 μm (667 cm) (bending vibrational mode). CO 4509:. The carbon dioxide content of the blood is often given as the 3761: 2679:

of the electrical conductivity of fully deionized water without

2623: 18943: 18764: 18746: 18209: 18179: 17681: 17279: 15692: 15030: 14856: 14457: 14317: 14219: 14174: 14132: 14118: 14104: 13782: 13680: 13578: 13510: 13476: 13218: 13208: 13178: 13118: 13068: 13011: 13001: 12971: 12911: 12864: 12838: 12760: 12721: 12695: 12603: 12569: 12484: 12433: 11761: 11084: 10848:. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Archived from 10585: 9882:"The NOAA Annual Greenhouse Gas Index (AGGI) – An Introduction" 9650: 9119: 8955:(Report). NASA Technical Report. TP–2010–216126. Archived from 6259: 5555: 5364: 5162: 5119: 4830: 4299: 4287: 4205: 4059: 3803: 3793: 2824: 2610: 1650: 1555: 1439: 1427: 1416: 1292: 668:

304.128(15) K (30.978(15) °C), 7.3773(30) MPa (72.808(30) atm)

252: 10319: 10317: 10126:"Current carbon dioxide levels last seen 14 million years ago" 9915:

over the last 1000 years from air in Antarctic ice and firn".

9457: 9441:

Conference of the International Journal of Arts & Sciences

9384: 9227: 8860: 7723:

Finn C, Schnittger S, Yellowlees LJ, Love JB (February 2012).

7398:"The Oxford Principles for Net Zero Aligned Carbon Offsetting" 5669:) at about 850 °C (1,560 °F), in the manufacture of 4925:

about 500 million years ago, and as low as 180 ppm during the

3338:

Table of thermal and physical properties of carbon dioxide (CO

2289:{\displaystyle K_{\mathrm {a1} }={\frac {{\ce {}}}{{\ce {}}}}} 1734: 1625:(stored for the long term) in rocks and organic deposits like 17978: 17908: 17193:

Cooperative Mechanisms under Article 6 of the Paris Agreement

16286: 15148: 15058: 14912: 13425: 12416: 12381: 12327:

CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards – Carbon Dioxide

11968:"AVMA guidelines for the euthanasia of animals: 2020 Edition" 11558:

for Enhanced Oil Recovery Needs – Enhanced Fiscal Incentives"

10468: 10408:

Text was copied from this source, which is available under a

10404: 8690:. Public Broadcasting System. 1 November 2005. Archived from 8544: 8240:

Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology

7905: 7085:"Safety Data Sheet – Carbon Dioxide Gas – version 0.03 11/11" 7067:

Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations (IDLH)

6571: 6474: 6385: 6287: 6081: 6042: 5376: 5131: 5040: 4977:

Carbon dioxide dissolves in the ocean to form carbonic acid (

4937:

period (400 million years ago). Another peak occurred in the

4865: 4782: 4700: 4657:

in their blood. Breathing that is too slow or shallow causes

4449: 4368: 4057: 3851:

scales. A globally significant species of coccolithophore is

3785: 2895: 2883: 2804: 2740: 1684: 1547: 1543: 1455: 1295: 698:

g/L at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa (0.99 atm)

415: 232: 173: 11273:"Scientists Discover Protein Receptor For Carbonation Taste" 10558: 10511: 10346: 10259:

Terhaar, Jens; Frölicher, Thomas L.; Joos, Fortunat (2023).

8109: 7722: 6084:

are preferred for this process by professional wine makers.

5145:

exchange, and thus local ocean acidification. These include

4853: 4848:

at its two infrared-active vibrational frequencies. The two

4389:

produced by disturbance of deep lake water saturated with CO

3974:

in the upper ocean and thereby promotes the absorption of CO

467: 14261: 13697: 13646: 13285: 13078: 13058: 12535: 12518: 11090:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 25–84, 10843:"IPCC Special Report on Carbon dioxide Capture and Storage" 10663:. U.S. Energy Information Administration. 11 January 2017. 10427: 10314: 9968:"Carbon Dioxide Just Took an Ominous, Record-Breaking Jump" 9885: 9339:"A Woman Died from Dry Ice Fumes. Here's How It Can Happen" 8666:"Carbon Dioxide as a Fire Suppressant: Examining the Risks" 8486: 8370: 7364: 6819: 6671: 6592:, or exposure to a gradually increasing concentration of CO 6278:

because of the properties of supercritical carbon dioxide.

6006: 5968: 5937:

is pressurized with carbon dioxide gas at about 4,000

5843: 5714:

and calcium carbonate (limestone or chalk) is shown below:

5702:, where it is produced by the action of acidified water on 5639: 5584: 5360: 5111: 5063:

is absorbed by the oceans. This chemical reaction produces

4689: 4457: 4427: 4041: 3777: 3746: 2959:

Pellets of "dry ice", a common form of solid carbon dioxide

2808: 2672:, especially noticeable as temperatures exceed 30 °C. 2609:

In organisms, carbonic acid production is catalysed by the

1692: 1688: 1626: 1463: 1443: 1160: 601: 356: 9653:"The cerebrovascular response to carbon dioxide in humans" 8980: 8782: 8409: 5221:

structures, structures for many marine organisms, such as

4270:

Poor ventilation is one of the main causes of excessive CO

4016:

and not classified as toxic or harmful in accordance with

17369:

Illustrative model of greenhouse effect on climate change

14527: 13245: 12350: 11391:

Production Course for Hiring on Offshore Oil and Gas Rigs

10904: 9507:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 69–86. 9474:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 69–86. 9434:"INDOOR QUALITY ANALYSIS OF CO2 FOR KASTAMONU UNIVERSITY" 9034:

concentrations and cognitive function: A critical review"

8789:

an indoor pollutant? Direct effects of low-to-moderate CO

8025: 6553:

Carbon dioxide can be used as a means of controlling the

6112:

than those made in more inert atmospheres. When used for

4917:

is the highest for 14 million years. Concentrations of CO

4869: 4844:

Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas. It absorbs and emits

4808:

As of March 2024, the monthly average concentration of CO

4610:, carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide. However, the CO 3043: 2975: 2727:

having an electrophilic reactivity that is comparable to

2711:

saturation is comparably low in relation to these data.

2496: 2461: 2448: 2276: 2263: 1994: 1960: 1947: 1231: 1200: 682:

194.6855(30) K (−78.4645(30) °C) at 1 atm (0.101325 MPa)

11680: 10592:

lake of the southern Okinawa Trough hydrothermal system"

10252: 10099:"Carbon Dioxide Absorbs and Re-emits Infrared Radiation" 9699: 9091:"Ask the doc: Does my helmet make me stupid? - RevZilla" 7823: 6790: – Canadian physicist (1920–2004) (early work on CO 5453:. The equation for the respiration of glucose and other 4224:

Cognitive impairment, Canada's long term exposure limit

10352: 8233: 6732:, stythe or choke damp. Along with the other types of 6566:

to temporarily lower the pH of water being passed over

6554: 6274:

for this reason. It is used in the preparation of some

6009:

taste, and also the dissolved carbon dioxide induces a

5036: 4921:

in the atmosphere were as high as 4,000 ppm during the

2982:). At a pressure of 1 atm (0.101325 MPa), the gas 2864:

for this reaction near pH 7 is about −0.53 V

2098: 1538:

in Earth's pre-industrial atmosphere since late in the

11562:

Exploration & Production: The Oil & Gas Review

11002:

How Much Land Can Ten Billion People Spare for Nature?

10692:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. January 2000. 10410:

Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

9708:. National Center for Biotechnology Information, NIH. 8668:. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Archived from 7530: 6832: – Gases in the air space between soil components 6157:

markers/guns, inflating bicycle tires, and for making

5658:

It is produced by thermal decomposition of limestone,

5621: 4684:

The respiratory centers try to maintain an arterial CO

17538: 17210:

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

11404: 9391:

Building Services Engineering Research and Technology

9028:

Du B, Tandoc MC, Mack ML, Siegel JA (November 2020).

7071:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

7049:

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

6975: 6401:

has been genetically engineered to produce the fuels

5653: 4650:

expand to allow a greater blood flow to that tissue.

4618:

effects on the hemoglobin molecule, the binding of CO

4365:

and CO emitted directly into the living environment.

3756: 2685: 2646: 2335: 2299:

where the denominator includes only covalently bound

2184: 1914: 1542:

was regulated by organisms and geological phenomena.

639:

kg/m (liquid at saturation −37 °C (−35 °F))

330: 10963: 10817:

shortage: Food industry calls for government action"

10258: 9374:(Report) (in French). ANSES. July 2013. p. 294. 9313:"Three die in dry-ice incident at Moscow pool party" 8987:

on kidney calcification and ultrastructure of lungs"

8793:

concentrations on human decision-making performance"

8705: 7930: 6978:

Thermal Conductivity - Nonmetallic Liquids and Gases

6777:

Pages displaying wikidata descriptions as a fallback

6747: 6713:. The earliest description of solid carbon dioxide ( 5967:

release carbon dioxide when heated or if exposed to

5926:

E290), US, Australia and New Zealand (listed by its

5181:

Pterapod shell dissolved in seawater adjusted to an

11637: 11122:"Current EU approved additives and their E Numbers" 8947: 7580: 6862:

Sometimes spelt "choak-damp" in 19th Century texts.

6281: 4646:of blood supply. If its concentration is high, the 3996:Symptoms of carbon dioxide toxicity, by increasing 3005:

of carbon dioxide. Note that it is a log-lin chart.

1773:. Since it is centrosymmetric, the molecule has no 1710: 1474:. When carbon dioxide dissolves in water, it forms 12322:Current global map of carbon dioxide concentration 10972:. Colorado Master Gardener Program. Archived from 9027: 6994: 6045:quickly after picking to help prevent spontaneous 5677:, CaO), a compound that has many industrial uses: 4903:. The increase in atmospheric concentrations of CO 3961:each year, a mature forest will produce as much CO 3733:. This includes all plants, algae and animals and 2703: 2664: 2508: 2288: 2028: 1566:from carbon dioxide and water in a process called 7753:20.500.11820/b530915d-451c-493c-8251-da2ea2f50912 7510:(8th ed.). W.H. Freeman. pp. 461, 464. 7473: 7310:Biosphere 2000: protecting our global environment 6883: 6881: 6879: 5955:cause dough to rise by producing carbon dioxide. 4911:on the environment and human living conditions. 4825:. Other significant human activities that emit CO 4274:concentrations in closed spaces, leading to poor 1876:, because its ionization in water is incomplete. 708:5.7292(30) MPa, 56.54(30) atm (20 °C (293.15 K)) 208: 20132: 17410:Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) 9128:concentrations in integral motorcycle helmets". 8778: 8776: 7654: 6308:and has a variety of medical and research uses. 6262:. Carbon dioxide has attracted attention in the 6149:are also sold as supplies of compressed gas for 5846:, with a smaller fraction being used to produce 5646:, and is also used for stunning animals such as 4879:The increase in atmospheric concentrations of CO 4642:Carbon dioxide is one of the mediators of local 403: 12213:The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine 10723:Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology 9814:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 9164:"Ventilation for Acceptable Indoor Air Quality" 8913: 8911: 8909: 8319: 7431: 7376:Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis 7283: 6943:Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data 6607:Carbon dioxide is also used in several related 6550:, which is one of the earliest type of lasers. 6369: 6225: 3800:Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase 1741:Molecular orbital diagram § Carbon dioxide 1016: 159: 11359:"Humane execution and the fear of the tumbril" 10964:Whiting D, Roll M, Vickerman L (August 2010). 10781:Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry 10063: 7992: 7931:Dhingra A, Portis AR, Daniell H (April 2004). 7581:Jensen P, Spanner M, Bunker PR (2020). "The CO 7505: 6876: 6642:in a closed vessel, the mass of the resulting 6450:Liquid and solid carbon dioxide are important 5865:In addition to conventional processes using CO 5153:zones, proximity to large continental rivers, 4883:and other long-lived greenhouse gases such as 19026: 17524: 16155:History of climate change policy and politics 15950: 15674: 15164: 12366: 11477:National Fire Protection Association Code 12. 11398: 10234:"How Long Can the Ocean Slow Global Warming?" 8856: 8854: 8773: 8629:"CarbonTracker CT2011_oi (Graphical map of CO 8196: 7576: 7574: 7223: 6809:List of least carbon efficient power stations 6804:List of countries by carbon dioxide emissions 6025:Dry ice used to preserve grapes after harvest 5502:"). Most of the remaining 50–55% is methane. 4737:in Hawaii from 1958 to 2023 (also called the 4661:, while breathing that is too rapid leads to 4022:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe 3028:glass-like solid. This form of glass, called 3016:above 0.51795(10) MPa (5.11177(99) atm); the 2842:is ordinarily a difficult and slow reaction: 2175:first acid dissociation constant, defined as 1590:is released from organic materials when they 1527:concentrations and also the primary cause of 12073: 11607:"Algae – like a breath mint for smokestacks" 11590:. ETH Zurich. 31 August 2006. Archived from 10873: 10753: 10731:10.1002/0471238961.0301180216090518.a01.pub2 10661:"Collecting and using biogas from landfills" 10588:"Microbial community in a sediment-hosted CO 9965: 9526: 9524: 8919:"Exposure Limits for Carbon Dioxide Gas – CO 8906: 8603:"Toxicity of Carbon Dioxide Gas Exposure, CO 7901: 7899: 7306: 6694:in which he described a process of dripping 6104:, although in the welding arc, it reacts to 4637: 4529:Majority (about 70% to 80%) is converted to 4393:are thought to have caused 37 fatalities at 4337:(ANSES) and various actors in France, the CO 4091:Adaptation to increased concentrations of CO 4026:OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals 1601:emissions to the atmosphere are absorbed by 787:W·m·K (300 K (27 °C; 80 °F)) 16272:Atlantic meridional overturning circulation 12005:"The Pioneer in the Hygiene of Ventilation" 11941:. Institution of Chemical Engineers. 1990. 11182:"Standard 1.2.4 – Labelling of ingredients" 11030:"Future crops: the other greenhouse effect" 10720: 10231: 10101:. UCAR Center for Science Education. 2012. 9786:Taking the Measure of the Greenhouse Effect 9620: 9618: 9616: 9614: 8596: 8594: 8592: 8489:"Old-growth forests as global carbon sinks" 6936: 6934: 6932: 6930: 6928: 6926: 6924: 6922: 6920: 6577:Used as the primary coolant in the British 4913:The present atmospheric concentration of CO 4692:. With intentional hyperventilation, the CO 3831:of more complex organic molecules, such as 2827:, which can facilitate the conversion of CO 1749:of a carbon dioxide molecule is linear and 1735:Structure, bonding and molecular vibrations 1617:being released back into the atmosphere. CO 19033: 19019: 17531: 17517: 17491: 17479: 16936: 15957: 15943: 15681: 15667: 15171: 15157: 12373: 12359: 12256:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London 12067: 10880:(4th ed.). Allyn and Bacon. pp. 9848:. Cambridge University Press. p. 52. 9733: 9590: 9431: 8851: 8742: 8706:Glatte Jr HA, Motsay GJ, Welch BE (1967). 7571: 7427: 7425: 7236:. Cambridge University Press. p. 52. 7077: 6940: 4701:Concentrations and role in the environment 4369:Outdoor areas with elevated concentrations 3802:, commonly abbreviated to RuBisCO, is the 2890:) use the energy contained in sunlight to 2755:. Only very strong nucleophiles, like the 1523:is the primary cause of these increased CO 482: 302: 280: 30:"CO2" redirects here. For other uses, see 17231: 17037:Adaptation strategies on the German coast 16180:United Nations Climate Change conferences 12206: 12171: 12148: 11907: 11830:Applied Sciences from Technology Networks 11797: 11787: 11730: 11387: 11350: 11179:Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code 11095: 11053: 10940: 10930: 10625: 10615: 10543: 10494: 10445: 10388: 10378: 10215: 10205: 10048: 10025:"A First Course in Atmospheric Radiation" 9759: 9676: 9521: 9253: 9057: 8889: 8819: 8218: 8142: 8052: 7995:Evolution of primary producers in the sea 7966: 7956: 7896: 7873: 7871: 7751: 7614: 7535:in collisions with 5.9 MeV u Xe and Xe". 5796: 5248:unless the surrounding seawater contains 5110:) lowers the pH of the ocean, increasing 4787:Water vapor is the primary greenhouse gas 4516: 439: 16741:Co-benefits of climate change mitigation 12079:"Observations on Different Kinds of Air" 12045: 11962: 11960: 11921:. R744.com. 28 June 2007. Archived from 11356: 11027: 10994: 10721:Pierantozzi R (2001). "Carbon Dioxide". 10716: 10714: 10232:Doney SC, Levine NM (29 November 2006). 9841: 9611: 8983:"Effect of prolonged exposure to 0.5% CO 8660: 8658: 8589: 8281:Loladze I (2002). "Rising atmospheric CO 7993:Falkowski P, Knoll AH (1 January 2007). 7657:Journal of the American Chemical Society 7469: 7467: 7229: 7043:NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. 6917: 6740:mixture of nitrogen and carbon dioxide. 6618: 6530: 6441: 6210:. They are mainly used in server rooms. 6184: 6020: 5909: 5176: 5157:coverage, and atmospheric exchange with 4944: 4864:plays a significant role in influencing 4724: 4673:consciousness without ever experiencing 4549:in the red blood cells, by the reaction: 4250: 4066: 3991: 3871: 3760: 2996: 2954: 2622: 1779: 17097:National Adaptation Programme of Action 16886:Land use, land-use change, and forestry 12249: 11975:American Veterinary Medical Association 11881: 11853:"Refrigerants Past, Present and Future" 11604: 11551: 11501:for use in enhanced oil recovery (EOR)" 11303: 9494: 9336: 8280: 7422: 6614: 6598:American Veterinary Medical Association 6438:Sustainable automotive air conditioning 6334: 5505: 5346: 5106:). The presence of free hydrogen ions ( 5016:, and have taken up about a third of CO 4856:(2,347 cm) (asymmetric stretching 4606:, the main oxygen-carrying molecule in 1861:in water, in which it reversibly forms 1811:: the antisymmetric stretching mode at 478: 381: 129:R744 (refrigerant alternative spelling) 14: 20133: 16746:Economics of climate change mitigation 16709:Gold Standard (carbon offset standard) 16232: 16060:Scientific consensus on climate change 12174:"Solidification de l'Acide carbonique" 12002: 11891:. The Coca-Cola Company. 5 June 2006. 11619:from the original on 14 September 2008 11598: 11394:. Petrogav International. p. 214. 10778: 10699:from the original on 23 September 2015 10105:from the original on 21 September 2017 10073:(8th ed.). W.H. Freeman. p. 9845:A Short Introduction to Climate Change 9702:"Physiology, Carbon Dioxide Retention" 9088: 8948:Law J, Watkins S, Alexander D (2010). 8929:from the original on 16 September 2018 7908:Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer 7877: 7868: 7700:Carbon Dioxide as a Chemical Feedstock 7697: 7233:A Short Introduction to Climate Change 7151: 7038: 7036: 7034: 6997:The Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 6523:refrigeration and heating technology. 5914:Carbon dioxide bubbles in a soft drink 5351:Carbon dioxide is a by-product of the 4972: 2944: 2326:is present as carbonic acid, so that 1846: 1594:or combust, such as in forest fires. 820:14.90 μPa·s at 25 °C (298 K) 293: 63:Ball-and-stick model of carbon dioxide 19014: 17512: 17405:Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 17230: 16935: 16671: 16231: 16143: 16024: 15976: 15938: 15662: 15152: 12354: 12188:from the original on 2 September 2017 12121: 11957: 11244: 11209:Futurific Leading Indicators Magazine 10711: 10173: 10022: 9892:from the original on 27 November 2020 9782: 8745:Carbon Dioxide Tolerance and Toxicity 8655: 8643:from the original on 13 February 2021 7629: 7464: 7395: 7385:from the original on 10 October 2022. 7121:"Carbon dioxide, refrigerated liquid" 5387:, also known as alcohol, as follows: 5321: 3861:scales have formed the basis of many 3046:, or about 400,000 atmospheres) in a 2714: 1820:at 1388 cm (wavelength 7.2 μm). 1727:occurs at 194.7 Kelvin and is called 827:μPa·s at −78.5 °C (194.7 K) 510:Key: CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 260: 240: 73:Space-filling model of carbon dioxide 19040: 17427:Representative Concentration Pathway 16378:Tipping points in the climate system 16054:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere 12332:Trends in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide 12127: 11984:from the original on 1 February 2014 11895:from the original on 1 November 2013 11588:"Enhanced coal bed methane recovery" 11188:from the original on 19 January 2012 11161:from the original on 4 November 2017 11009:from the original on 12 October 2011 9966:Pierre-Louis, Kendra (10 May 2024). 9628:. solarnavigator.net. Archived from 9432:Cetin, Mehmet; Sevik, Hakan (2016). 9276: 9184:from the original on 26 October 2022 8600: 8178:from the original on 20 October 2016 7363: 7257: 7185:from the original on 5 February 2016 6798:Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite 6327:is used as the working fluid in the 6180: 5800: 5237:, etc. After they are formed, these 4719:Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere 3721:Carbon dioxide is an end product of 1905:of carbonic acid is, at 25 °C: 985: 17198:Nationally determined contributions 16908:Individual action on climate change 16123:World energy supply and consumption 15458:Ethylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride 11945:from the original on 17 August 2021 11850: 11226:from the original on 15 August 2021 11128:from the original on 7 October 2010 10779:Topham S (2000). "Carbon Dioxide". 10240:from the original on 4 January 2008 10161:from the original on 6 October 2018 9542:from the original on 12 August 2017 9293:from the original on 9 October 2019 8385:Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 7410:from the original on 2 October 2020 7345:from the original on 12 August 2017 7031: 6800: – Earth observation satellite 6717:) was given by the French inventor 6215:International Maritime Organization 6087: 5622:By-product from hydrogen production 4941:period (220–200 million years ago). 4761:that plays an integral part in the 4424:partial pressures of carbon dioxide 4408: 4352:and other pollutants, and indoor CO 3818:, as shown in the diagram at left. 3788:to produce sugars from which other 1785:Stretching and bending oscillations 520:Key: CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYAO 394: 364: 24: 18903:Nexus for Exoplanet System Science 17337:Fixed anvil temperature hypothesis 15964: 12027:from the original on 17 March 2020 11513:from the original on 28 April 2017 11419:10.1111/j.1365-2818.1985.tb02577.x 11285:from the original on 29 March 2020 9862:from the original on 14 March 2023 9319:. 29 February 2020. Archived from 8220:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb03067.x 8203:concentration on stomatal density" 8034:from the original on 29 April 2019 7779:from the original on 19 April 2021 7452:from the original on 21 March 2020 7101:from the original on 4 August 2018 6670:) could be heated or treated with 6388:that could then be converted into 6364:enhanced coal bed methane recovery 5979:Carbon dioxide is used to produce 5787: 5654:Thermal decomposition of limestone 5510:Carbon dioxide can be obtained by 5252:concentrations of carbonate ions ( 4889:rise in average global temperature 4048:emissions from the nearby volcano 3757:Photosynthesis and carbon fixation 3716: 2733:α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 2691: 2687: 2652: 2648: 2377: 2374: 2371: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2342: 2191: 1921: 1795:As a linear triatomic molecule, CO 1012: 612:High concentrations: sharp; acidic 68: 58: 27:Chemical compound with formula CO₂ 25: 20227: 18803:Atomic and molecular astrophysics 17540:Molecules detected in outer space 17264:Satellite temperature measurement 16869:forestry for carbon sequestration 16160:History of climate change science 12286: 12209:"Solidification of carbonic acid" 11459:from the original on 28 June 2021 11369:from the original on 24 June 2018 11316:from the original on 24 June 2018 11146:US Food and Drug Administration: 10756:Blast Furnace Theory and Practice 10667:from the original on 11 July 2018 10123: 9234:Environmental Health Perspectives 8870:Environmental Health Perspectives 8800:Environmental Health Perspectives 8287:Trends in Ecology & Evolution 7805:from the original on 2 March 2006 6692:Impregnating Water with Fixed Air 6678:(a saturated aqueous solution of 5754:) then decomposes to water and CO 3042:at extreme pressures (40–48 2965:standard temperature and pressure 2902:absorbed from the air and water: 2704:{\displaystyle \mathrm {CO_{2}} } 2665:{\displaystyle \mathrm {CO_{2}} } 2046:The relative concentrations of CO 2043:molecules, not affecting the pH. 1753:at its equilibrium geometry. The 18993: 18981: 18969: 18958: 18957: 17764: 17755: 17746: 17490: 17478: 17467: 17466: 17454: 17115:Climate Change Performance Index 15878:Graphite intercalation compounds 12243: 12200: 12165: 12109:from the original on 7 June 2010 12039: 11996: 11929: 11844: 11814: 11755: 11674: 11631: 11580: 11545: 11489: 11480: 11471: 11441: 11381: 11328: 11297: 11265: 11238: 11200: 11173: 11140: 11113: 11078: 11021: 10988: 10957: 10898: 10867: 10835: 10823:from the original on 23 May 2021 10805: 10772: 10747: 10679: 10653: 10403: 9820:from the original on 5 June 2022 9349:from the original on 22 May 2021 9101:from the original on 22 May 2021 8708:Carbon Dioxide Tolerance Studies 8342:10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98267.x 8252:10.1146/annurev.arplant.48.1.609 8082:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01594.x 6856: 6750: 6609:cleaning and surface-preparation 6515:-based beverage coolers and the 6282:Medical and pharmacological uses 6244:Liquid carbon dioxide is a good 6202:, especially those designed for 5804: 5587:is reduced from its oxides with 5190:This section is an excerpt from 5024:This section is an excerpt from 4717:This section is an excerpt from 4165:declined to safe levels (0.2%). 4087:, which they used as a lifeboat. 3366:Thermal conductivity (W/(m⋅°C)) 2310:and does not include hydrated CO 1761:in carbon dioxide is 116.3 1711:Chemical and physical properties 1358: 45: 18928:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon 17254:Instrumental temperature record 17205:Sustainable Development Goal 13 12231:from the original on 2 May 2016 10579: 10552: 10462: 10421: 10225: 10143: 10057: 10016: 9959: 9917:Journal of Geophysical Research 9776: 9727: 9693: 9644: 9584: 9554: 9505:: Evidence from natural springs 9488: 9472:: Evidence from natural springs 9451: 9425: 9378: 9361: 9330: 9305: 9270: 9221: 9196: 9156: 9113: 9082: 9021: 8974: 8941: 8736: 8699: 8676: 8621: 8538: 8480: 8450: 8436:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.06.016 8403: 8364: 8313: 8274: 8227: 8190: 8103: 8046: 8028:"Carbon Dioxide In Greenhouses" 8019: 7986: 7924: 7817: 7791: 7716: 7691: 7648: 7623: 7524: 7499: 7432:Tsotsas E, Mujumdar AS (2011). 7396:Myles, Allen (September 2020). 7389: 7357: 7327: 7300: 7205:"CO2 Gas Concentration Defined" 7197: 6844: 6562:, where it is commonly used in 6481:(HFC) compound) contributes to 5379:metabolizes sugar to produce CO 5055:exceeding 410 ppm (in 2020). CO 5035:is the ongoing decrease in the 4895:. Another direct effect is the 4401:in 1984 and 1700 casualties at 4169:General guidelines on indoor CO 3930:The concentration of secondary 2872:. The nickel-containing enzyme 1454:. Carbon dioxide is soluble in 1354:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa). 17322:Climate variability and change 16672: 16363:Retreat of glaciers since 1850 15178: 11245:Vijay GP (25 September 2015). 10269:Environmental Research Letters 9501:Plant responses to elevated CO 9468:Plant responses to elevated CO 7607:10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128087 7113: 7055: 6988: 6969: 6826: – NASA climate satellite 6581:for nuclear power generation. 6427: 6416:Researchers have developed an 6376:Carbon capture and utilization 6065:, the process used to produce 6029:Carbon dioxide in the form of 5880: 5049:atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 4246: 2817:metal carbon dioxide complexes 2519:Since most of the dissolved CO 2499: 2490: 2484: 2472: 2464: 2435: 2428: 2415: 2410: 2392: 2380: 2353: 2279: 2250: 2243: 2230: 2225: 2207: 1997: 1988: 1982: 1970: 1963: 1934: 1903:hydration equilibrium constant 1660:in water or react with acids. 570: 567: 13: 1: 18853:Extraterrestrial liquid water 17432:Shared Socioeconomic Pathways 16967:Climate emergency declaration 15607:Compounds derived from oxides 12021:10.1016/S0140-6736(00)52420-9 11826:Into Fuel Inspired by Nature" 11612:The Christian Science Monitor 11605:Clayton M (11 January 2006). 11453:The Fire Safety Advice Centre 11449:"Types of Fire Extinguishers" 11304:Coghlan A (3 February 2018). 10995:Waggoner PE (February 1994). 10874:Morrison RT, Boyd RN (1983). 8299:10.1016/S0169-5347(02)02587-9 7506:Atkins P, de Paula J (2006). 7307:Kaufman DG, Franz CM (1996). 6869: 6824:Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 6638:observed that when he burned 6526: 6016: 5517: 5341: 5244:structures are vulnerable to 5214:of dissolved ions into solid 4705: 4488:Arterial blood carbon dioxide 4328: 4265:nondispersive infrared sensor 3796:is produced as a by-product. 3729:with oxygen as part of their 2874:carbon monoxide dehydrogenase 1104:(US health exposure limits): 17415:IPCC Sixth Assessment Report 16641:Middle East and North Africa 15977: 12312:Resources in other libraries 11357:Campbell A (10 March 2018). 11154:Food and Drug Administration 10640:Videos can be downloaded at 10434:Geophysical Research Letters 9706:National Library of Medicine 9669:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.206052 9142:10.1016/j.apergo.2005.01.018 8991:Undersea Biomedical Research 8567:10.1126/science.290.5490.291 8197:Woodward F, Kelly C (1995). 7997:. Elsevier, Academic Press. 7634:. McGraw-Hill. p. 196. 7585:molecule is never linear−". 6850:where "part" here means per 6719:Adrien-Jean-Pierre Thilorier 6380:It has been proposed that CO 6370:Bio transformation into fuel 6347:conditions, when it becomes 6311:Another medical use are the 6236:Supercritical carbon dioxide 6167:scanning electron microscopy 6095: 5974: 5122:, with a pH higher than 8). 4095:occurs in humans, including 4056:term for this phenomenon is 3067:supercritical carbon dioxide 1872:(carbonic acid), which is a 1574:is released as waste by all 7: 20206:Gaseous signaling molecules 18084:Protonated hydrogen cyanide 16144: 12003:Harris D (September 1910). 11149:"Food Additive Status List" 11097:10.1007/978-3-319-46709-2_2 10182:"Global Carbon Budget 2019" 9337:Rettner R (2 August 2018). 7557:10.1088/0953-4075/35/17/311 7132:. p. 9. Archived from 6743: 6690:published a paper entitled 6579:advanced gas-cooled reactor 6001:converts carbon dioxide to 5185:projected for the year 2100 5124:Marine calcifying organisms 5118:is acidic yet; it is still 5020:emitted by human activity. 4793:) in the atmosphere is 421 4133:International Space Station 4114: 3981: 3354:Specific heat (kJ/(kg⋅°C)) 3342:) at atmospheric pressure: 2870:standard hydrogen electrode 2114:acid dissociation constants 1064:or concentration (LD, LC): 54: 10: 20232: 17249:Global surface temperature 17140:Popular culture depictions 17052:Ecosystem-based adaptation 16782:Carbon capture and storage 16704:Carbon offsets and credits 16025: 12583:Praseodymium(III,IV) oxide 12380: 12342:: History, What is Shecco? 12137:Philosophical Transactions 12083:Philosophical Transactions 11938:TCE, the Chemical Engineer 11715:10.1038/s41557-021-00880-2 11212:. Vol. 1. CRAES LLC. 11119:UK Food Standards Agency: 11028:Stafford N (August 2007). 10687:"Facts About Landfill Gas" 10561:American Geophysical Union 10380:10.1038/s41598-019-55039-4 10070:Atkins' Physical Chemistry 9734:Wilmshurst, Peter (1998). 9532:"ABG (Arterial Blood Gas)" 9277:Romm J (26 October 2015). 8375:on resource allocation in 7632:Modern Inorganic Chemistry 7537:J Phys B Atom Mol Opt Phys 7369:"Summary for Policymakers" 6431: 6373: 6339:Carbon dioxide is used in 6270:. It is also used by some 6233: 5835: 5538:), petroleum distillates ( 5189: 5023: 4961: 4907:causes a range of further 4777:. It is one of three main 4733:concentration measured at 4716: 4709: 4413: 4197:Current (May 2022) levels 3985: 3780:organic molecules such as 3369:Thermal diffusivity (m/s) 3363:Kinematic viscosity (m/s) 2948: 2731:or strongly electrophilic 2544:The bicarbonate ion is an 1850: 1738: 1513:in Earth's atmosphere 1343:Carbon dioxide (data page) 29: 19048: 18952: 18843:Earliest known life forms 18838:Diffuse interstellar band 18778: 18698: 18623: 18514: 18449: 18389: 18317: 18309:Protonated cyanoacetylene 18223: 18117: 18079:Protonated carbon dioxide 18039:Hydromagnesium isocyanide 17987: 17773: 17744: 17555: 17546: 17461:Climate change portal 17448: 17387: 17354:Extreme event attribution 17272: 17241: 17237: 17226: 17170: 17105: 17027: 16977:School Strike for Climate 16949: 16945: 16931: 16900: 16856:Climate-smart agriculture 16817: 16774: 16684: 16680: 16667: 16591: 16454: 16401: 16244: 16240: 16227: 16150: 16139: 16068: 16037: 16033: 16020: 16003:Climate change adaptation 15998:Climate change mitigation 15993:Effects of climate change 15983: 15972: 15891: 15870: 15828: 15700: 15606: 15565: 15212: 15186: 15132: 15086: 15005: 14926: 14775: 14611: 14037: 13295: 12890: 12671: 12388: 12307:Resources in your library 12225:10.1080/14786443608648911 11915:"Modine reinforces its CO 11388:International, Petrogav. 10567:(Fall Meeting). V43F–08. 10207:10.5194/essd-11-1783-2019 10186:Earth System Science Data 9993:Summary for policy makers 8765:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8728:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8397:10.1016/j.bse.2006.09.004 7479:Chemistry of the Elements 7291:Summary for policy makers 7017:10.1016/j.jct.2015.04.015 6574:to build their skeleton. 6471:1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane 6318: 6033:is often used during the 5999:Carbonic anhydrase 4 5371:and in the production of 5114:(this does not mean that 4957: 4909:effects of climate change 4638:Regulation of respiration 1825:Coulomb explosion imaging 1715:Carbon dioxide cannot be 1348: 1341: 1336: 1192: 1098: 1060: 994: 968: 881: 850: 554: 529: 494: 456:1013 (gas), 1845 (solid) 143: 98: 88: 83: 53: 44: 20186:Nuclear reactor coolants 18888:Iron–sulfur world theory 18883:Photodissociation region 18586:Methyl-cyano-diacetylene 17364:Global warming potential 17171:International agreements 16818:Preserving and enhancing 16262:Arctic methane emissions 16184:Years in climate change 16091:Greenhouse gas emissions 15988:Causes of climate change 12053:. Springer. p. 93. 10932:10.3389/fchem.2014.00079 10789:10.1002/14356007.a05_165 10643:"Supporting Information" 10289:10.1088/1748-9326/acaf91 9752:10.1136/bmj.317.7164.996 9403:10.1177/0143624414566244 9089:Kaplan L (4 June 2019). 8684:"Volcano Under the City" 7878:Holman, Jack P. (2002). 7435:Modern drying technology 7313:. Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co. 6837: 5905: 5900:woody plant encroachment 5632:water gas shift reaction 5045:Carbon dioxide emissions 4803:is due to human activity 3988:Carbon dioxide poisoning 3907:Increased atmospheric CO 3792:can be constructed, and 2876:catalyses this process. 2112:, carbonic acid has two 1833:potential energy surface 1695:making, and is added to 1337:Supplementary data page 609:Low concentrations: none 20161:Fire suppression agents 18963:Category:Astrochemistry 18553:, fullerene, buckyball) 18240:Cyanobutadiynyl radical 18215:Silicon-carbide cluster 18205:Protonated formaldehyde 17395:Climate change scenario 17047:Disaster risk reduction 16699:Carbon emission trading 16509:U.S. insurance industry 16489:Civilizational collapse 16336:sea surface temperature 13813:Praseodymium(III) oxide 12549:Manganese(II,III) oxide 11789:10.1073/pnas.2114097119 11342:. RSPCA. Archived from 10754:Strassburger J (1969). 10617:10.1073/pnas.0606083103 10496:10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020 10415:16 October 2017 at the 10332:. Royal Society. 2005. 10067:; de Paula, J. (2006). 9842:Eggleton, Tony (2013). 9783:Gavin, Schmidt (2010), 9279:"Exclusive: Elevated CO 8153:10.1126/science.1114722 7958:10.1073/pnas.0400981101 7801:. Engineering Toolbox. 7732:Chemical Communications 7702:. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. 6767:Arterial blood gas test 6636:Jan Baptist van Helmont 6459:dichlorodifluoromethane 6398:Synechococcus elongatus 5710:. The reaction between 4081:carbon dioxide scrubber 3737:fungi and bacteria. In 2765:organolithium compounds 1679:. It is a byproduct of 763:Magnetic susceptibility 18976:Outer space portal 18818:Circumstellar envelope 17783:Aluminium(I) hydroxide 17693:Phosphorus mononitride 17570:Aluminium monofluoride 17565:Aluminium monochloride 17388:Research and modelling 17072:Nature-based solutions 16892:Nature-based solutions 16834:Carbon dioxide removal 16751:Fossil fuel divestment 16736:Climate risk insurance 16646:Small island countries 16267:Arctic sea ice decline 15690:Inorganic compounds of 14384:Protactinium(IV) oxide 14370:Praseodymium(IV) oxide 13558:Einsteinium(III) oxide 13456:Californium(III) oxide 12874:Water (hydrogen oxide) 12389:Mixed oxidation states 12250:Haldane, John (1894). 12150:10.1098/rstl.1823.0020 12095:10.1098/rstl.1772.0021 10911:Frontiers in Chemistry 10545:10.1098/rspa.2009.0349 8743:Lambertsen CJ (1971). 7698:Aresta M, ed. (2010). 6782:Carbon dioxide removal 6627: 6542:Carbon dioxide is the 6539: 6447: 6413:using photosynthesis. 6392:fuel. A strain of the 6194: 6026: 5915: 5860:Kolbe–Schmitt reaction 5797:Precursor to chemicals 5186: 4954: 4757:, carbon dioxide is a 4750: 4585:5–10% is dissolved in 4517:Transport in the blood 4267: 4263:concentration using a 4216:USA 8h exposure limit 4189:Pre-industrial levels 4173:concentration effects 4088: 4058: 4001: 3889: 3880:(green), which can be 3770: 3745:) or the gills (e.g., 3006: 2960: 2705: 2677:temperature dependence 2666: 2636: 2510: 2290: 2030: 1809:infrared (IR) spectrum 1792: 1775:electric dipole moment 1023: 74: 64: 18873:Interplanetary medium 18848:Extraterrestrial life 18486:Octatetraynyl radical 18104:Tricarbon monosulfide 17651:Magnesium monohydride 17349:Earth's energy budget 17232:Background and theory 17120:Climate crisis (term) 16792:Fossil fuel phase-out 16686:Economics and finance 16651:by individual country 16593:By country and region 16568:Security and conflict 16563:Psychological impacts 16252:Abrupt climate change 16175:Charles David Keeling 16008:By country and region 15134:Oxides are sorted by 14985:Technetium(VII) oxide 14721:Protactinium(V) oxide 13830:Promethium(III) oxide 13609:Gadolinium(III) oxide 13541:Dysprosium(III) oxide 13165:Protactinium monoxide 12617:Terbium(III,IV) oxide 12338:The rediscovery of CO 12207:Thilorier AJ (1836). 12172:Thilorier AJ (1835). 11822:"Clean Way To Turn CO 11407:Journal of Microscopy 10819:. BBC. 21 June 2018. 10009:2 August 2022 at the 9998:12 March 2023 at the 9591:Henrickson C (2005). 9495:Martini M (1997). "CO 9323:on 29 February 2020. 8925:. InspectAPedia.com. 8617:on 28 September 2009. 8062:Global Change Biology 8053:Ainsworth EA (2008). 7483:Butterworth-Heinemann 7477:, Earnshaw A (1997). 7339:www.legacyproject.org 6623:Crystal structure of 6622: 6534: 6445: 6341:enhanced oil recovery 6290:and to stabilize the 6188: 6024: 5913: 5854:are prepared using CO 5447:anaerobic respiration 5180: 4948: 4927:Quaternary glaciation 4799:Industrial Revolution 4781:in the atmosphere of 4735:Mauna Loa Observatory 4728: 4710:Further information: 4667:respiratory alkalosis 4460:blood carbon dioxide 4257:carbon dioxide sensor 4254: 4070: 3995: 3978:from the atmosphere. 3904:in FACE experiments. 3884:(red) to water and CO 3875: 3816:ribulose bisphosphate 3764: 3010:Liquid carbon dioxide 3001:Pressure–temperature 3000: 2958: 2949:Further information: 2706: 2667: 2626: 2511: 2291: 2031: 1783: 1582:to produce energy by 1578:when they metabolize 1022: 72: 62: 19000:Chemistry portal 18988:Astronomy portal 18934:RNA world hypothesis 18918:PAH world hypothesis 18611:Heptatrienyl radical 18543:Buckminsterfullerene 18431:Methylcyanoacetylene 17939:Silicon carbonitride 17914:Methylidynephosphane 17880:Magnesium isocyanide 17788:Aluminium isocyanide 17590:Carbon monophosphide 17178:Glasgow Climate Pact 16839:Carbon sequestration 16414:Mass mortality event 14934:Dichlorine heptoxide 14704:Phosphorus pentoxide 14670:Dinitrogen pentoxide 14468:Technetium(IV) oxide 14185:Dinitrogen tetroxide 14000:Ytterbium(III) oxide 13762:Neodymium(III) oxide 13745:Manganese(III) oxide 13388:Berkelium(III) oxide 13337:Americium(III) oxide 12498:Dichlorine pentoxide 12481:Cobalt(II,III) oxide 12447:Chlorine perchlorate 11925:on 10 February 2008. 11851:Pearson, S. Forbes. 11691:reduction catalysis" 11640:Nature Biotechnology 11509:. 20 December 2011. 11184:. 8 September 2011. 10855:on 24 September 2015 10447:10.1029/2019GL086421 10050:10.1029/2004EO360007 10023:Petty, G.W. (2004). 9632:on 14 September 2008 9536:Brookside Associates 8997:(Suppl): S155–S161. 8322:Conservation Biology 8199:"The influence of CO 7669:10.1021/jacs.0c01960 7485:. pp. 305–314. 7094:. 12 February 2018. 6615:History of discovery 6548:carbon-dioxide laser 6537:carbon-dioxide laser 6335:Fossil fuel recovery 6163:supercritical drying 6041:to cool clusters of 5918:Carbon dioxide is a 5599:and carbon dioxide: 5506:Industrial processes 5443:cellular respiration 5425:organisms produce CO 5347:Biological processes 4901:fertilization effect 4775:oceanic carbon cycle 4688:pressure of 40 4659:respiratory acidosis 4405:, Cameroon in 1986. 3913:water-use efficiency 3723:cellular respiration 3103:Thermal conductivity 2851:+ 2 e + 2 H → CO + H 2831:to other chemicals. 2683: 2644: 2597:= 4.69 × 10 mol/L; p 2333: 2182: 2167:= 3.6 at 25 °C. 1912: 1723:". The solid-to-gas 1697:carbonated beverages 1677:supercritical drying 1005:(fire diamond) 779:Thermal conductivity 32:CO2 (disambiguation) 20216:Triatomic molecules 20171:Household chemicals 18878:Interstellar medium 18858:Forbidden mechanism 18671:Hydrogen isocyanide 18361:Hexatriynyl radical 17944:c-Silicon dicarbide 17849:Hydrogen isocyanide 17713:Silicon monosulfide 17688:Phosphorus monoxide 17656:Methylidyne radical 17615:Fluoromethylidynium 17575:Aluminium(II) oxide 17317:Climate sensitivity 17092:The Adaptation Fund 16548:Infectious diseases 16455:Social and economic 15041:Ruthenium tetroxide 14951:Manganese heptoxide 14797:Molybdenum trioxide 14412:Ruthenium(IV) oxide 14342:Plutonium(IV) oxide 14286:Neptunium(IV) oxide 14087:Californium dioxide 14059:Berkelium(IV) oxide 13983:Vanadium(III) oxide 13966:Tungsten(III) oxide 13949:Titanium(III) oxide 13915:Thallium(III) oxide 13864:Samarium(III) oxide 13796:Phosphorus trioxide 13728:Lutetium(III) oxide 13592:Europium(III) oxide 13524:Dinitrogen trioxide 13490:Chromium(III) oxide 13439:Caesium sesquioxide 13303:Actinium(III) oxide 13145:Phosphorus monoxide 13135:Palladium(II) oxide 13095:Manganese(II) oxide 12898:Aluminium(II) oxide 12731:Dichlorine monoxide 12651:Triuranium octoxide 12634:Tribromine octoxide 12600:Silver(I,III) oxide 12464:Chloryl perchlorate 12268:1894RSPS...57..249H 12046:Almqvist E (2003). 11780:2022PNAS..11914097E 11707:2022NatCh..14..417C 11552:Austell JM (2005). 11281:. 16 October 2009. 11046:2007Natur.448..526S 10976:on 2 September 2014 10923:2014FrCh....2...79B 10649:on 19 October 2018. 10608:2006PNAS..10314164I 10602:(38): 14164–14169. 10573:2004AGUFM.V43F..08L 10536:2010RSPSA.466.1265M 10530:(2117): 1265–1290. 10487:2020BGeo...17.3923B 10371:2019NatSR...918624J 10281:2023ERL....18b4033T 10217:20.500.11850/385668 10198:2019ESSD...11.1783F 10041:2004EOSTr..85..341P 9929:1996JGR...101.4115E 9246:10.1289/ehp.1510037 9050:2020InAir..30.1067D 8882:10.1289/ehp.1510037 8812:10.1289/ehp.1104789 8559:2000Sci...290..291F 8516:10.1038/nature07276 8508:2008Natur.455..213L 8428:2004PChem..65.2197D 8334:1999ConBi..13..700C 8135:2006Sci...312.1918L 8129:(5782): 1918–1921. 8074:2008GCBio..14.1642A 7949:2004PNAS..101.6315D 7846:10.1038/nature04879 7838:2006Natur.441..857S 7799:"Gases – Densities" 7599:2020JMoSt121228087J 7549:2002JPhB...35.3755S 7230:Eggleton T (2013). 7009:2015JChTh..89....7S 6955:1996JPCRD..25.1509S 6794:and climate change) 6649:spiritus sylvestris 6519:is interested in CO 6465:(CFC) compound). CO 6063:carbonic maceration 5492:Anaerobic organisms 5369:alcoholic beverages 5033:Ocean acidification 5026:Ocean acidification 4973:Ocean acidification 4968:Ocean acidification 4893:ocean acidification 4434: 4174: 4085:Apollo Lunar Module 4071:Rising levels of CO 3949:Plants also emit CO 3769:and carbon fixation 3109:Thermal diffusivity 3097:Kinematic viscosity 3063:supercritical fluid 3054:(silica glass) and 2951:Carbon dioxide data 2945:Physical properties 2834:The reduction of CO 2498: 2463: 2450: 2409: 2278: 2265: 2224: 2160:= 2.5 × 10 mol/L; p 1996: 1962: 1949: 1847:In aqueous solution 1496:ocean acidification 1415:that each have one 1411:. It is made up of 689:Solubility in water 655:Critical point 588: g·mol 507:InChI=1S/CO2/c2-1-3 222:Beilstein Reference 41: 20211:E-number additives 20176:Inorganic solvents 18898:Molecules in stars 18868:Intergalactic dust 18813:Circumstellar dust 18755:Naphthalene cation 18690:Trihydrogen cation 18666:Hydrogen deuteride 18591:Methyltriacetylene 18426:Hexapentaenylidene 18245:E-Cyanomethanimine 18165:Cyclopropenylidene 18099:Tricarbon monoxide 18089:Silicon tricarbide 18059:Methylene amidogen 18049:Isothiocyanic acid 17964:Thioxoethenylidene 17924:Trihydrogen cation 17738:Titanium(II) oxide 17698:Potassium chloride 17677:Sulfur mononitride 17620:Helium hydride ion 17595:Carbon monosulfide 16888:(LULUCF and AFOLU) 16860:Forest management 16844:Direct air capture 16809:Sustainable energy 16766:Net zero emissions 16761:Low-carbon economy 16756:Green Climate Fund 16543:Indigenous peoples 16446:Plant biodiversity 16234:Effects and issues 15892:Oxides and related 15648:Peroxydicarbonates 15314:1,3-Dioxetanedione 15310:1,2-Dioxetanedione 15006:+8 oxidation state 14968:Rhenium(VII) oxide 14927:+7 oxidation state 14867:Tellurium trioxide 14776:+6 oxidation state 14738:Tantalum pentoxide 14619:Antimony pentoxide 14612:+5 oxidation state 14580:Vanadium(IV) oxide 14552:Tungsten(IV) oxide 14157:Chromium(IV) oxide 14038:+4 oxidation state 14017:Yttrium(III) oxide 13932:Thulium(III) oxide 13898:Terbium(III) oxide 13847:Rhodium(III) oxide 13660:Holmium(III) oxide 13626:Gallium(III) oxide 13405:Bismuth(III) oxide 13296:+3 oxidation state 13262:Vanadium(II) oxide 13252:Titanium(II) oxide 13045:Germanium monoxide 13035:Europium(II) oxide 13018:Dinitrogen dioxide 12988:Chromium(II) oxide 12918:Berkelium monoxide 12891:+2 oxidation state 12679:Aluminium(I) oxide 12672:+1 oxidation state 12566:Mellitic anhydride 12515:Iron(II,III) oxide 12396:Antimony tetroxide 11774:(4): e2114097119. 11568:on 7 February 2012 10359:Scientific Reports 10155:in the Atmosphere" 9572:on 2 February 2011 9130:Applied Ergonomics 9009:on 19 October 2014 8672:on 2 October 2015. 7744:10.1039/c1cc15393e 7508:Physical Chemistry 7211:. 18 November 2022 6628: 6540: 6463:chlorofluorocarbon 6448: 6353:primary extraction 6301:balance in blood. 6208:atmospheric oxygen 6200:fire extinguishers 6195: 6027: 5916: 5816:. You can help by 5636:ammonia production 5528:carbon-based fuels 5429:when they oxidize 5322:Hydrothermal vents 5187: 5000:), and carbonate ( 4955: 4846:infrared radiation 4755:Earth's atmosphere 4751: 4665:, which can cause 4591:5–10% is bound to 4547:carbonic anhydrase 4438:Blood compartment 4418: 4276:indoor air quality 4268: 4168: 4097:modified breathing 4089: 4002: 3919:have shown that CO 3890: 3808:3-phosphoglycerate 3771: 3007: 2961: 2753:amine gas treating 2715:Chemical reactions 2701: 2662: 2637: 2615:carbonic anhydrase 2506: 2475: 2451: 2438: 2395: 2286: 2266: 2253: 2210: 2026: 1973: 1950: 1937: 1857:Carbon dioxide is 1841:diatomic molecules 1818:Raman spectroscopy 1793: 1759:carbon–oxygen bond 1669:fire extinguishers 1448:infrared radiation 1381:Infobox references 1220:Carbon ditelluride 1193:Related compounds 1163:(Immediate danger) 1024: 517:InChI=1/CO2/c2-1-3 107:Carbonic anhydride 75: 65: 39: 20128: 20127: 19008: 19007: 18923:Pseudo-panspermia 18619: 18618: 18566:Cyanodecapentayne 18506:N-Methylformamide 18481:Methyldiacetylene 18406:Aminoacetonitrile 18376:Methyl isocyanate 18294:Methyl isocyanide 18175:Isocyanoacetylene 18155:Cyanoformaldehyde 18034:Hydrogen peroxide 17919:Potassium cyanide 17875:Magnesium cyanide 17828:Disilicon carbide 17823:Dicarbon monoxide 17630:Hydrogen fluoride 17625:Hydrogen chloride 17506: 17505: 17444: 17443: 17440: 17439: 17379:Radiative forcing 17222: 17221: 17218: 17217: 17042:Adaptive capacity 16927: 16926: 16923: 16922: 16787:Energy transition 16663: 16662: 16659: 16658: 16383:Tropical cyclones 16309:Urban heat island 16223: 16222: 16135: 16134: 16131: 16130: 16096:Carbon accounting 16050:Greenhouse effect 16016: 16015: 15932: 15931: 15656: 15655: 15454:Cyclohexanehexone 15146: 15145: 15069:Hassium tetroxide 15013:Iridium tetroxide 14881:Tungsten trioxide 14839:Selenium trioxide 14811:Polonium trioxide 14783:Chromium trioxide 14755:Vanadium(V) oxide 14687:Niobium pentoxide 14653:Bismuth pentoxide 14636:Arsenic pentoxide 14594:Zirconium dioxide 14496:Terbium(IV) oxide 14482:Tellurium dioxide 14398:Rhodium(IV) oxide 14272:Manganese dioxide 14244:Hafnium(IV) oxide 14202:Germanium dioxide 14045:Americium dioxide 13779:Nickel(III) oxide 13677:Indium(III) oxide 13575:Erbium(III) oxide 13507:Cobalt(III) oxide 13473:Cerium(III) oxide 13354:Antimony trioxide 13272:Yttrium(II) oxide 13155:Polonium monoxide 13105:Mercury(II) oxide 12978:Chlorine monoxide 12848:Thallium(I) oxide 12718:Dicarbon monoxide 12532:Lead(II,IV) oxide 12293:Library resources 12060:978-0-306-47277-0 12015:(4542): 906–908. 11919:research efforts" 11646:(12): 1177–1180. 11413:(Pt 2): 189–207. 11258:978-93-85724-46-6 11219:978-0-9847670-1-4 11107:978-3-319-46707-8 11088:Rangeland Systems 11040:(7153): 526–528. 10891:978-0-205-05838-9 10877:Organic Chemistry 10765:978-0-677-10420-1 10740:978-0-471-23896-6 10481:(14): 3923–3942. 10265:greenhouse gases" 10084:978-0-7167-8759-4 9972:www.bloomberg.com 9937:10.1029/95JD03410 9746:(7164): 996–999. 9663:(12): 3039–3048. 9604:978-0-7645-7419-1 9514:978-0-521-58203-2 9481:978-0-521-58203-2 9059:10.1111/ina.12706 8806:(12): 1671–1677. 8553:(5490): 291–296. 8502:(7210): 213–215. 8422:(15): 2197–2204. 8377:Plantago maritima 8004:978-0-12-370518-1 7943:(16): 6315–6320. 7832:(7095): 857–860. 7738:(10): 1392–1399. 7709:978-3-527-32475-0 7663:(18): 8383–8402. 7641:978-0-07-032760-3 7630:Jolly WL (1984). 7517:978-0-7167-8759-4 7492:978-0-08-037941-8 7445:978-3-527-31558-1 7320:978-0-7872-0460-0 7178:978-0-309-15359-1 6680:calcium hydroxide 6668:calcium carbonate 6568:calcium carbonate 6479:hydrofluorocarbon 6329:Allam power cycle 6253:organic compounds 6193:fire extinguisher 6181:Fire extinguisher 5852:sodium salicylate 5838:Sabatier reaction 5834: 5833: 5712:hydrochloric acid 5694:Acids liberate CO 5201:calcium carbonate 4763:greenhouse effect 4741:). The rise in CO 4499: 4498: 4244: 4243: 4237:20,000-50,000 ppm 4229:10,000-20,000 ppm 3955:C3 photosynthesis 3863:sedimentary rocks 3854:Emiliania huxleyi 3849:calcium carbonate 3790:organic compounds 3714: 3713: 3358:Dynamic viscosity 3336: 3335: 3056:germanium dioxide 3034:, is produced by 2761:Grignard reagents 2504: 2489: 2478: 2454: 2441: 2421: 2398: 2284: 2269: 2256: 2236: 2213: 2002: 1987: 1976: 1953: 1940: 1801:vibrational modes 1767:functional groups 1580:organic compounds 1576:aerobic organisms 1517:parts per million 1505:levels increase. 1397:chemical compound 1389:Chemical compound 1387: 1386: 1328:Carbonyl selenide 1310:Related compounds 1266:Zirconium dioxide 1246:Germanium dioxide 1215:Carbon diselenide 1181:Safety data sheet 858:Crystal structure 747:(apparent) = 6.35 463:CompTox Dashboard 192:Interactive image 185:Interactive image 104:Carbonic acid gas 79: 78: 16:(Redirected from 20223: 20181:Laser gain media 20166:Greenhouse gases 20116: 20102: 20088: 20074: 20060: 20046: 20032: 20022: 20015: 20004: 19238: 19237: 19236: 19228: 19227: 19042:Oxygen compounds 19035: 19028: 19021: 19012: 19011: 18998: 18997: 18996: 18986: 18985: 18984: 18974: 18973: 18972: 18961: 18960: 18908:Organic compound 18808:Chemical formula 18713:Dihydroxyacetone 18661:Hydrogen cyanide 18346:Cyanodiacetylene 18200:Propadienylidene 18094:Thioformaldehyde 17969:Titanium dioxide 17934:Sodium hydroxide 17855:Hydrogen sulfide 17843:Hydrogen cyanide 17803:Carbonyl sulfide 17768: 17759: 17750: 17708:Silicon monoxide 17641:Hydroxyl radical 17553: 17552: 17533: 17526: 17519: 17510: 17509: 17494: 17493: 17482: 17481: 17470: 17469: 17459: 17458: 17457: 17422:Paleoclimatology 17239: 17238: 17228: 17227: 16989:Ecological grief 16972:Climate movement 16947: 16946: 16933: 16932: 16913:Plant-based diet 16804:Renewable energy 16682: 16681: 16669: 16668: 16504:Economic impacts 16436:Invasive species 16292:Coastal flooding 16242: 16241: 16229: 16228: 16165:Svante Arrhenius 16141: 16140: 16111:from agriculture 16101:Carbon footprint 16086:Greenhouse gases 16035: 16034: 16022: 16021: 15974: 15973: 15959: 15952: 15945: 15936: 15935: 15695:and related ions 15683: 15676: 15669: 15660: 15659: 15557: 15543: 15529: 15515: 15501: 15487: 15473: 15451: 15438: 15424: 15410: 15396: 15382: 15368: 15354: 15340: 15326: 15307: 15294: 15280: 15266: 15255: 15245: 15235: 15225: 15204: 15173: 15166: 15159: 15150: 15149: 15027:Osmium tetroxide 14895:Uranium trioxide 14825:Rhenium trioxide 14538:Titanium dioxide 14426:Selenium dioxide 14356:Polonium dioxide 14328:Platinum dioxide 14300:Nitrogen dioxide 14171:Curium(IV) oxide 14143:Chlorine dioxide 14129:Cerium(IV) oxide 13371:Arsenic trioxide 13232:Thorium monoxide 13215:Disulfur dioxide 13185:Silicon monoxide 13115:Nickel(II) oxide 13008:Copper(II) oxide 12998:Cobalt(II) oxide 12938:Bromine monoxide 12783:Mercury(I) oxide 12744:Gallium(I) oxide 12705:Caesium monoxide 12375: 12368: 12361: 12352: 12351: 12280: 12279: 12247: 12241: 12240: 12238: 12236: 12204: 12198: 12197: 12195: 12193: 12169: 12163: 12162: 12152: 12125: 12119: 12118: 12116: 12114: 12077:, Hey W (1772). 12071: 12065: 12064: 12050:industrial gases 12043: 12037: 12036: 12034: 12032: 12000: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11989: 11983: 11972: 11964: 11955: 11954: 11952: 11950: 11933: 11927: 11926: 11911: 11905: 11904: 11902: 11900: 11885: 11879: 11878: 11876: 11874: 11868: 11862:. Archived from 11857: 11848: 11842: 11841: 11839: 11837: 11818: 11812: 11811: 11801: 11791: 11759: 11753: 11752: 11734: 11695:Nature Chemistry 11678: 11672: 11671: 11652:10.1038/nbt.1586 11635: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11624: 11602: 11596: 11595: 11584: 11578: 11577: 11575: 11573: 11564:. Archived from 11549: 11543: 11542: 11536: 11532: 11530: 11522: 11520: 11518: 11493: 11487: 11484: 11478: 11475: 11469: 11468: 11466: 11464: 11445: 11439: 11438: 11402: 11396: 11395: 11385: 11379: 11378: 11376: 11374: 11354: 11348: 11347: 11346:on 9 April 2014. 11332: 11326: 11325: 11323: 11321: 11301: 11295: 11294: 11292: 11290: 11269: 11263: 11262: 11242: 11236: 11235: 11233: 11231: 11204: 11198: 11197: 11195: 11193: 11177: 11171: 11170: 11168: 11166: 11144: 11138: 11137: 11135: 11133: 11117: 11111: 11110: 11099: 11082: 11076: 11075: 11057: 11025: 11019: 11018: 11016: 11014: 10997:"Carbon dioxide" 10992: 10986: 10985: 10983: 10981: 10961: 10955: 10954: 10944: 10934: 10902: 10896: 10895: 10871: 10865: 10864: 10862: 10860: 10854: 10847: 10839: 10833: 10832: 10830: 10828: 10809: 10803: 10802: 10776: 10770: 10769: 10751: 10745: 10744: 10718: 10709: 10708: 10706: 10704: 10698: 10691: 10683: 10677: 10676: 10674: 10672: 10657: 10651: 10650: 10645:. Archived from 10639: 10629: 10619: 10583: 10577: 10576: 10556: 10550: 10549: 10547: 10515: 10509: 10508: 10498: 10466: 10460: 10459: 10449: 10425: 10419: 10407: 10402: 10392: 10382: 10350: 10344: 10343: 10331: 10321: 10312: 10311: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10229: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10209: 10192:(4): 1783–1838. 10177: 10171: 10170: 10168: 10166: 10147: 10141: 10140: 10138: 10136: 10121: 10115: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10095: 10089: 10088: 10061: 10055: 10054: 10052: 10029:Eos Transactions 10020: 10014: 9989: 9983: 9982: 9980: 9978: 9963: 9957: 9956: 9908: 9902: 9901: 9899: 9897: 9878: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9867: 9839: 9830: 9829: 9827: 9825: 9806: 9797: 9796: 9795: 9793: 9780: 9774: 9773: 9763: 9731: 9725: 9724: 9722: 9720: 9697: 9691: 9690: 9680: 9648: 9642: 9641: 9639: 9637: 9626:"Carbon dioxide" 9622: 9609: 9608: 9597:. Cliffs Notes. 9588: 9582: 9581: 9579: 9577: 9568:. Archived from 9558: 9552: 9551: 9549: 9547: 9528: 9519: 9518: 9492: 9486: 9485: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9438: 9429: 9423: 9422: 9382: 9376: 9375: 9373: 9365: 9359: 9358: 9356: 9354: 9334: 9328: 9327: 9309: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9298: 9274: 9268: 9267: 9257: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9214: 9200: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9189: 9183: 9168: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9117: 9111: 9110: 9108: 9106: 9095:www.revzilla.com 9086: 9080: 9079: 9061: 9044:(6): 1067–1082. 9025: 9019: 9018: 9016: 9014: 9005:. Archived from 8978: 8972: 8971: 8969: 8967: 8961: 8954: 8945: 8939: 8938: 8936: 8934: 8915: 8904: 8903: 8893: 8858: 8849: 8848: 8846: 8844: 8838: 8832:. Archived from 8823: 8797: 8780: 8771: 8770: 8764: 8756: 8754: 8752: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8727: 8719: 8717: 8715: 8703: 8697: 8695: 8694:on 5 April 2011. 8680: 8674: 8673: 8662: 8653: 8652: 8650: 8648: 8625: 8619: 8618: 8613:. Archived from 8598: 8587: 8586: 8542: 8536: 8535: 8493: 8484: 8478: 8477: 8475: 8473: 8464:. Archived from 8454: 8448: 8447: 8407: 8401: 8400: 8381:Armeria maritima 8368: 8362: 8361: 8317: 8311: 8310: 8278: 8272: 8271: 8231: 8225: 8224: 8222: 8194: 8188: 8187: 8185: 8183: 8177: 8146: 8120: 8107: 8101: 8100: 8099:on 19 July 2011. 8098: 8092:. Archived from 8068:(7): 1642–1650. 8059: 8050: 8044: 8043: 8041: 8039: 8023: 8017: 8016: 7990: 7984: 7983: 7970: 7960: 7928: 7922: 7921: 7903: 7894: 7893: 7875: 7866: 7865: 7821: 7815: 7814: 7812: 7810: 7795: 7789: 7788: 7786: 7784: 7778: 7755: 7729: 7720: 7714: 7713: 7695: 7689: 7688: 7652: 7646: 7645: 7627: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7578: 7569: 7568: 7528: 7522: 7521: 7503: 7497: 7496: 7481:(2nd ed.). 7471: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7457: 7429: 7420: 7419: 7417: 7415: 7409: 7402: 7393: 7387: 7386: 7384: 7373: 7361: 7355: 7354: 7352: 7350: 7335:"Food Factories" 7331: 7325: 7324: 7304: 7298: 7287: 7281: 7280: 7278: 7276: 7261: 7255: 7254: 7252: 7250: 7227: 7221: 7220: 7218: 7216: 7201: 7195: 7194: 7192: 7190: 7155: 7149: 7148: 7146: 7144: 7138: 7125: 7117: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7100: 7089: 7081: 7075: 7074: 7063:"Carbon dioxide" 7059: 7053: 7052: 7040: 7029: 7028: 6992: 6986: 6985: 6973: 6967: 6966: 6963:10.1063/1.555991 6938: 6915: 6914: 6912: 6910: 6904: 6898:. Archived from 6893: 6889:"Carbon Dioxide" 6885: 6863: 6860: 6854: 6848: 6778: 6760: 6758:Chemistry portal 6755: 6754: 6753: 6688:Joseph Priestley 6662:. He found that 6564:calcium reactors 6418:electrocatalytic 6403:isobutyraldehyde 6323:Supercritical CO 6296: 6226:Supercritical CO 6204:electrical fires 6159:carbonated water 6088:Stunning animals 5953:Leavening agents 5829: 5826: 5808: 5801: 5793:sparkling wine. 5780: 5753: 5735: 5690: 5664: 5617: 5580: 5487: 5417: 5355:of sugar in the 5315: 5310: 5309: 5306: 5292: 5290: 5289: 5286: 5281: 5280: 5277: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5258: 5243: 5223:coccolithophores 5220: 5209: 5109: 5105: 5097: 5096: 5095: 5092: 5077: 5011: 5010: 5009: 5006: 4999: 4998: 4997: 4994: 4988:), bicarbonate ( 4987: 4858:vibrational mode 4779:greenhouse gases 4663:hyperventilation 4580: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4544: 4543: 4542: 4539: 4511:partial pressure 4435: 4422:or averages for 4420:Reference ranges 4417: 4409:Human physiology 4259:that measures CO 4175: 4167: 4148:likely due to CO 4143: 4063: 4050:Mount Nyiragongo 3936:phenylpropanoids 3915:. Studies using 3847:synthesise hard 3845:coccolithophores 3765:Overview of the 3753:in respiration. 3348:Temperature (K) 3345: 3344: 3075: 3074: 2940: 2856: 2789: 2710: 2708: 2707: 2702: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2671: 2669: 2668: 2663: 2661: 2660: 2659: 2588: 2586: 2585: 2582: 2577: 2576: 2573: 2563: 2562: 2561: 2558: 2515: 2513: 2512: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2502: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2487: 2476: 2467: 2462: 2459: 2452: 2449: 2446: 2439: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2426: 2419: 2413: 2408: 2403: 2396: 2389: 2384: 2383: 2350: 2349: 2348: 2309: 2295: 2293: 2292: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2282: 2277: 2274: 2267: 2264: 2261: 2254: 2247: 2246: 2242: 2241: 2234: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2211: 2204: 2199: 2198: 2197: 2151: 2149: 2148: 2145: 2127: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2101:. As shown in a 2097:) depend on the 2092: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2060: 2035: 2033: 2032: 2027: 2025: 2024: 2003: 2001: 2000: 1995: 1992: 1991: 1985: 1974: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1958: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1938: 1931: 1926: 1925: 1924: 1897: 1871: 1725:phase transition 1637:. Sequestered CO 1613:result in the CO 1494:), which causes 1493: 1492: 1491: 1488: 1458:and is found in 1434:, atmospheric CO 1409: 1401:chemical formula 1371: 1365: 1362: 1361: 1323:Carbonyl sulfide 1261:Titanium dioxide 1210:Carbon disulfide 1174: 1170: 1153: 1149: 1146:mg/m), ST 30,000 1145: 1141: 1124: 1120: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1076:lowest published 1051: 1044: 1037: 1030: 1015: 989: 963: 956: 932: 925: 904: 897: 882:Thermochemistry 845: 826: 794:Refractive index 786: 772: 697: 645: 638: 631: 587: 572: 569: 562:Chemical formula 487: 486: 471: 469: 443: 407: 396: 385: 368: 346:Gmelin Reference 332: 314: 306: 295: 284: 264: 244: 212: 194: 187: 163: 116:Carbon(IV) oxide 110:Carbonic dioxide 55: 49: 42: 38: 21: 20231: 20230: 20226: 20225: 20224: 20222: 20221: 20220: 20146:Acid anhydrides 20131: 20130: 20129: 20124: 20114: 20110: 20105: 20100: 20096: 20091: 20086: 20082: 20077: 20072: 20068: 20063: 20058: 20054: 20049: 20044: 20040: 20035: 20030: 20025: 20018: 20012: 20007: 20002: 19998: 19993: 19989: 19976: 19972: 19963: 19955: 19947: 19943: 19935: 19931: 19923: 19919: 19910: 19902: 19889: 19885: 19877: 19869: 19861: 19857: 19849: 19845: 19837: 19824: 19820: 19807: 19803: 19795: 19791: 19782: 19774: 19770: 19762: 19758: 19750: 19742: 19734: 19730: 19722: 19718: 19710: 19706: 19698: 19694: 19686: 19682: 19669: 19665: 19656: 19643: 19635: 19631: 19622: 19613: 19604: 19595: 19587: 19574: 19570: 19561: 19553: 19549: 19541: 19537: 19524: 19520: 19512: 19508: 19500: 19496: 19483: 19479: 19471: 19463: 19459: 19451: 19447: 19439: 19435: 19427: 19419: 19415: 19407: 19403: 19390: 19386: 19378: 19374: 19366: 19362: 19354: 19350: 19342: 19338: 19329: 19321: 19313: 19309: 19301: 19297: 19289: 19276: 19263: 19259: 19251: 19235: 19232: 19231: 19230: 19226: 19223: 19222: 19221: 19219: 19214: 19210: 19202: 19198: 19190: 19182: 19178: 19170: 19162: 19158: 19140: 19136: 19128: 19124: 19116: 19112: 19104: 19100: 19092: 19088: 19080: 19072: 19068: 19060: 19056: 19044: 19039: 19009: 19004: 18994: 18992: 18982: 18980: 18970: 18968: 18948: 18774: 18750: 18741: 18694: 18684: 18627: 18615: 18596:Propionaldehyde 18571:Ethylene glycol 18560: 18552: 18548: 18519: 18517: 18510: 18466:Cyanohexatriyne 18452: 18445: 18392: 18385: 18320: 18313: 18273: 18226: 18219: 18190:Methoxy radical 18120: 18113: 18109:Thiocyanic acid 17990: 17983: 17893: 17833:Ethynyl radical 17769: 17763: 17762: 17761: 17760: 17754: 17753: 17752: 17751: 17742: 17733:Sulfur monoxide 17718:Sodium chloride 17703:Silicon carbide 17610:Diatomic carbon 17600:Carbon monoxide 17542: 17537: 17507: 17502: 17455: 17453: 17436: 17383: 17374:Orbital forcing 17268: 17233: 17214: 17188:Paris Agreement 17166: 17162:Warming stripes 17101: 17067:Managed retreat 17062:Loss and damage 17023: 16957:Business action 16941: 16919: 16896: 16819: 16813: 16770: 16731:Climate finance 16676: 16655: 16587: 16450: 16426:Extinction risk 16402:Flora and fauna 16397: 16358:Permafrost thaw 16353:Ozone depletion 16282:Extreme weather 16236: 16219: 16146: 16127: 16064: 16029: 16012: 15979: 15968: 15963: 15933: 15928: 15909:Metal carbonyls 15887: 15866: 15824: 15815: 15811: 15803: 15799: 15791: 15783: 15775: 15771: 15753: 15745: 15737: 15729: 15721: 15696: 15687: 15657: 15652: 15614:Metal carbonyls 15602: 15598: 15585: 15581: 15561: 15556: 15552: 15548: 15542: 15538: 15534: 15528: 15524: 15520: 15514: 15510: 15506: 15500: 15496: 15492: 15486: 15482: 15478: 15472: 15468: 15464: 15450: 15446: 15442: 15437: 15433: 15429: 15423: 15419: 15415: 15409: 15405: 15401: 15395: 15391: 15387: 15381: 15377: 15373: 15367: 15363: 15359: 15353: 15349: 15345: 15339: 15335: 15331: 15324: 15320: 15306: 15302: 15298: 15293: 15289: 15285: 15279: 15275: 15271: 15264: 15260: 15254: 15250: 15244: 15240: 15234: 15230: 15224: 15220: 15208: 15203: 15199: 15182: 15177: 15147: 15142: 15140:Category:Oxides 15136:oxidation state 15128: 15082: 15078: 15064: 15055:Xenon tetroxide 15050: 15036: 15022: 15001: 14997: 14993: 14980: 14976: 14963: 14959: 14946: 14942: 14922: 14918: 14904: 14890: 14876: 14862: 14853:Sulfur trioxide 14848: 14834: 14820: 14806: 14792: 14771: 14767: 14763: 14750: 14746: 14733: 14729: 14716: 14712: 14699: 14695: 14682: 14678: 14665: 14661: 14648: 14644: 14631: 14627: 14607: 14603: 14589: 14575: 14566:Uranium dioxide 14561: 14547: 14533: 14519: 14510:Thorium dioxide 14505: 14491: 14477: 14463: 14449: 14440:Silicon dioxide 14435: 14421: 14407: 14393: 14379: 14365: 14351: 14337: 14323: 14309: 14295: 14281: 14267: 14253: 14239: 14230:Iridium dioxide 14225: 14211: 14197: 14193: 14180: 14166: 14152: 14138: 14124: 14115:Carbon trioxide 14110: 14096: 14082: 14073:Bromine dioxide 14068: 14054: 14033: 14029: 14025: 14012: 14008: 13995: 13991: 13978: 13974: 13961: 13957: 13944: 13940: 13927: 13923: 13910: 13906: 13893: 13889: 13876: 13872: 13859: 13855: 13842: 13838: 13825: 13821: 13808: 13804: 13791: 13787: 13774: 13770: 13757: 13753: 13740: 13736: 13723: 13719: 13711:Lanthanum oxide 13706: 13702: 13694:Iron(III) oxide 13689: 13685: 13672: 13668: 13655: 13651: 13643:Gold(III) oxide 13638: 13634: 13621: 13617: 13604: 13600: 13587: 13583: 13570: 13566: 13553: 13549: 13536: 13532: 13519: 13515: 13502: 13498: 13485: 13481: 13468: 13464: 13451: 13447: 13434: 13430: 13417: 13413: 13400: 13396: 13383: 13379: 13366: 13362: 13349: 13345: 13332: 13328: 13320:Aluminium oxide 13315: 13311: 13291: 13227: 13223: 13205:Sulfur monoxide 13195:Strontium oxide 13085:Magnesium oxide 13065:Iodine monoxide 13030: 13026: 12968:Carbon monoxide 12928:Beryllium oxide 12886: 12882: 12869: 12856: 12843: 12830: 12817: 12809:Potassium oxide 12804: 12791: 12778: 12765: 12757:Iodine(I) oxide 12752: 12739: 12726: 12713: 12700: 12692:Copper(I) oxide 12687: 12667: 12663: 12659: 12646: 12642: 12629: 12625: 12612: 12608: 12595: 12591: 12578: 12574: 12561: 12557: 12544: 12540: 12527: 12523: 12510: 12506: 12493: 12489: 12476: 12472: 12459: 12455: 12442: 12438: 12430:Carbon suboxide 12425: 12421: 12408: 12404: 12384: 12379: 12341: 12318: 12317: 12316: 12301: 12300: 12296: 12289: 12284: 12283: 12248: 12244: 12234: 12232: 12219:(48): 446–447. 12205: 12201: 12191: 12189: 12170: 12166: 12126: 12122: 12112: 12110: 12072: 12068: 12061: 12044: 12040: 12030: 12028: 12001: 11997: 11987: 11985: 11981: 11970: 11966: 11965: 11958: 11948: 11946: 11935: 11934: 11930: 11918: 11913: 11912: 11908: 11898: 11896: 11887: 11886: 11882: 11872: 11870: 11869:on 13 July 2018 11866: 11855: 11849: 11845: 11835: 11833: 11825: 11820: 11819: 11815: 11760: 11756: 11690: 11686: 11679: 11675: 11636: 11632: 11622: 11620: 11603: 11599: 11594:on 6 July 2011. 11586: 11585: 11581: 11571: 11569: 11557: 11550: 11546: 11534: 11533: 11524: 11523: 11516: 11514: 11500: 11497:"Appendix A: CO 11495: 11494: 11490: 11485: 11481: 11476: 11472: 11462: 11460: 11447: 11446: 11442: 11403: 11399: 11386: 11382: 11372: 11370: 11355: 11351: 11339: 11334: 11333: 11329: 11319: 11317: 11302: 11298: 11288: 11286: 11271: 11270: 11266: 11259: 11243: 11239: 11229: 11227: 11220: 11206: 11205: 11201: 11191: 11189: 11180: 11178: 11174: 11164: 11162: 11147: 11145: 11141: 11131: 11129: 11120: 11118: 11114: 11108: 11083: 11079: 11055:10.1038/448526a 11026: 11022: 11012: 11010: 10993: 10989: 10979: 10977: 10970:CMG GardenNotes 10962: 10958: 10903: 10899: 10892: 10872: 10868: 10858: 10856: 10852: 10845: 10841: 10840: 10836: 10826: 10824: 10816: 10811: 10810: 10806: 10799: 10777: 10773: 10766: 10752: 10748: 10741: 10719: 10712: 10702: 10700: 10696: 10689: 10685: 10684: 10680: 10670: 10668: 10659: 10658: 10654: 10641: 10591: 10584: 10580: 10557: 10553: 10516: 10512: 10467: 10463: 10426: 10422: 10417:Wayback Machine 10351: 10347: 10340: 10329: 10323: 10322: 10315: 10264: 10257: 10253: 10243: 10241: 10230: 10226: 10178: 10174: 10164: 10162: 10154: 10151:"Climate and CO 10149: 10148: 10144: 10134: 10132: 10122: 10118: 10108: 10106: 10097: 10096: 10092: 10085: 10062: 10058: 10021: 10017: 10011:Wayback Machine 10000:Wayback Machine 9990: 9986: 9976: 9974: 9964: 9960: 9923:(D2): 4115–28. 9914: 9909: 9905: 9895: 9893: 9880: 9879: 9875: 9865: 9863: 9856: 9840: 9833: 9823: 9821: 9816:. 3 June 2022. 9808: 9807: 9800: 9791: 9789: 9781: 9777: 9736:"ABC of oxygen" 9732: 9728: 9718: 9716: 9698: 9694: 9649: 9645: 9635: 9633: 9624: 9623: 9612: 9605: 9589: 9585: 9575: 9573: 9560: 9559: 9555: 9545: 9543: 9530: 9529: 9522: 9515: 9504: 9498: 9493: 9489: 9482: 9471: 9465: 9461: 9456: 9452: 9436: 9430: 9426: 9383: 9379: 9371: 9367: 9366: 9362: 9352: 9350: 9335: 9331: 9311: 9310: 9306: 9296: 9294: 9282: 9275: 9271: 9226: 9222: 9212: 9210: 9202: 9201: 9197: 9187: 9185: 9181: 9166: 9162: 9161: 9157: 9127: 9123: 9118: 9114: 9104: 9102: 9087: 9083: 9033: 9026: 9022: 9012: 9010: 8986: 8979: 8975: 8965: 8963: 8962:on 27 June 2011 8959: 8952: 8946: 8942: 8932: 8930: 8922: 8917: 8916: 8907: 8859: 8852: 8842: 8840: 8839:on 5 March 2016 8836: 8795: 8792: 8788: 8781: 8774: 8758: 8757: 8750: 8748: 8741: 8737: 8721: 8720: 8713: 8711: 8704: 8700: 8682: 8681: 8677: 8664: 8663: 8656: 8646: 8644: 8632: 8627: 8626: 8622: 8606: 8599: 8590: 8543: 8539: 8491: 8485: 8481: 8471: 8469: 8456: 8455: 8451: 8413: 8408: 8404: 8374: 8369: 8365: 8318: 8314: 8293:(10): 457–461. 8284: 8279: 8275: 8237: 8232: 8228: 8207:New Phytologist 8202: 8195: 8191: 8181: 8179: 8175: 8144:10.1.1.542.5784 8118: 8116:concentrations" 8115: 8108: 8104: 8096: 8057: 8051: 8047: 8037: 8035: 8024: 8020: 8005: 7991: 7987: 7929: 7925: 7918: 7904: 7897: 7890: 7876: 7869: 7822: 7818: 7808: 7806: 7797: 7796: 7792: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7727: 7721: 7717: 7710: 7696: 7692: 7653: 7649: 7642: 7628: 7624: 7584: 7579: 7572: 7534: 7529: 7525: 7518: 7504: 7500: 7493: 7472: 7465: 7455: 7453: 7446: 7430: 7423: 7413: 7411: 7407: 7400: 7394: 7390: 7382: 7371: 7362: 7358: 7348: 7346: 7333: 7332: 7328: 7321: 7305: 7301: 7288: 7284: 7274: 7272: 7263: 7262: 7258: 7248: 7246: 7244: 7228: 7224: 7214: 7212: 7203: 7202: 7198: 7188: 7186: 7179: 7157: 7156: 7152: 7142: 7140: 7139:on 29 July 2018 7136: 7123: 7119: 7118: 7114: 7104: 7102: 7098: 7087: 7083: 7082: 7078: 7061: 7060: 7056: 7041: 7032: 6993: 6989: 6974: 6970: 6939: 6918: 6908: 6906: 6905:on 29 July 2020 6902: 6891: 6887: 6886: 6877: 6872: 6867: 6866: 6861: 6857: 6849: 6845: 6840: 6835: 6814:Meromictic lake 6793: 6776: 6756: 6751: 6749: 6746: 6724: 6711:Michael Faraday 6617: 6603: 6595: 6591: 6587: 6529: 6522: 6514: 6502: 6497: 6492: 6488: 6468: 6440: 6430: 6423: 6412: 6383: 6378: 6372: 6337: 6326: 6321: 6300: 6295: 6291: 6284: 6268:organochlorides 6255:and is used to 6242: 6240:Green chemistry 6232: 6229: 6221: 6192: 6183: 6148: 6123: 6119: 6098: 6090: 6057:, and thus the 6019: 5977: 5933:A candy called 5908: 5888: 5883: 5876: 5872: 5868: 5857: 5840: 5830: 5824: 5821: 5814:needs expansion 5799: 5790: 5788:Commercial uses 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5734: 5730: 5726: 5722: 5718: 5697: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5663: 5659: 5656: 5628:steam reforming 5624: 5615: 5611: 5607: 5603: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5520: 5508: 5496:kinetic pattern 5485: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5455:monosaccharides 5428: 5415: 5411: 5407: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5382: 5349: 5344: 5324: 5319: 5318: 5314: 5307: 5304: 5303: 5301: 5287: 5284: 5283: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5272: 5259: 5256: 5255: 5253: 5242: 5238: 5219: 5215: 5208: 5204: 5195: 5183:ocean chemistry 5175: 5174: 5144: 5140: 5107: 5103: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5087: 5084:bicarbonate ion 5076: 5072: 5068: 5058: 5052: 5039:of the Earth's 5029: 5019: 5007: 5004: 5003: 5001: 4995: 4992: 4991: 4989: 4986: 4982: 4978: 4975: 4970: 4962:Main articles: 4960: 4952: 4943: 4942: 4932: 4923:Cambrian period 4920: 4916: 4906: 4900: 4882: 4875: 4863: 4828: 4816: 4811: 4792: 4744: 4732: 4722: 4714: 4708: 4703: 4695: 4687: 4656: 4640: 4629: 4621: 4613: 4608:red blood cells 4576: 4573: 4572: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4554: 4540: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4524: 4519: 4474: 4431: 4416: 4411: 4392: 4388: 4384: 4371: 4364: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4340: 4331: 4324: 4320: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4262: 4249: 4208:recommendation 4172: 4164: 4159: 4151: 4147: 4141: 4138: 4131:concentration, 4130: 4126: 4122: 4117: 4094: 4075:threatened the 4074: 4047: 4011: 3990: 3984: 3977: 3973: 3964: 3960: 3952: 3945: 3922: 3910: 3903: 3899: 3895: 3887: 3833:polysaccharides 3813: 3774:Carbon fixation 3759: 3719: 3717:Biological role 3372:Prandtl Number 3351:Density (kg/m) 3341: 3052:silicon dioxide 3041: 2953: 2947: 2939: 2931: 2925: 2921: 2913: 2906: 2901: 2892:photosynthesize 2880:Photoautotrophs 2862:redox potential 2854: 2850: 2846: 2837: 2830: 2822: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2770: 2750: 2738: 2722: 2717: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2645: 2642: 2641: 2608: 2603: 2596: 2583: 2580: 2579: 2574: 2571: 2570: 2568: 2559: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2540: 2533: 2526: 2522: 2495: 2483: 2479: 2471: 2460: 2455: 2447: 2442: 2434: 2433: 2422: 2418: 2414: 2404: 2399: 2391: 2390: 2388: 2352: 2351: 2341: 2340: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2325: 2317: 2313: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2275: 2270: 2262: 2257: 2249: 2248: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2219: 2214: 2206: 2205: 2203: 2190: 2189: 2185: 2183: 2180: 2179: 2166: 2159: 2146: 2143: 2142: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2123: 2120: 2119: 2117: 2088: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2066: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2049: 2042: 2017: 2013: 1993: 1981: 1977: 1969: 1968: 1959: 1954: 1946: 1941: 1933: 1932: 1930: 1920: 1919: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1909: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1855: 1849: 1798: 1790: 1751:centrosymmetric 1743: 1737: 1713: 1666: 1655:carbonate rocks 1640: 1620: 1616: 1600: 1589: 1573: 1526: 1503: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1483: 1438:is the primary 1437: 1408: 1404: 1390: 1383: 1378: 1377: 1376: ?) 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1332: 1311: 1298: 1285: 1281:Thorium dioxide 1271:Hafnium dioxide 1241:Silicon dioxide 1234: 1224: 1203: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1122: 1118: 1114: 1091: 1090:mg/m) (human, 5 1087: 1083: 1079: 1073: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1046: 1039: 1032: 1025: 1021: 1013: 978: 961: 957: 954: 948: 944: 941: 940:Std enthalpy of 930: 926: 923: 916: 913: 902: 898: 891: 872: 870:Molecular shape 860: 843: 839: 830: 824: 804: 802: 784: 770: 766: 755: 748: 746: 739: 737: 730: 722: 695: 691: 679: 676: 649: 643: 636: 629: 615: 585: 575: 564: 550: 547: 542: 537: 536: 525: 522: 521: 518: 512: 511: 508: 502: 501: 490: 472: 465: 446: 426: 410: 397: 371: 348: 338:(preservatives) 324: 287: 267: 247: 224: 215: 197: 177: 166: 153: 139: 138: 94: 40:Carbon dioxide 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 20229: 20219: 20218: 20213: 20208: 20203: 20198: 20193: 20188: 20183: 20178: 20173: 20168: 20163: 20158: 20153: 20148: 20143: 20141:Carbon dioxide 20126: 20125: 20123: 20122: 20117: 20112: 20108: 20103: 20098: 20094: 20089: 20084: 20080: 20075: 20070: 20066: 20061: 20056: 20052: 20047: 20042: 20038: 20033: 20028: 20023: 20016: 20010: 20005: 20000: 19996: 19991: 19987: 19983: 19978: 19974: 19970: 19966: 19961: 19957: 19953: 19949: 19945: 19941: 19937: 19933: 19929: 19925: 19921: 19917: 19913: 19908: 19904: 19900: 19896: 19891: 19887: 19883: 19879: 19875: 19871: 19867: 19863: 19859: 19855: 19851: 19847: 19843: 19839: 19835: 19831: 19826: 19822: 19818: 19814: 19809: 19805: 19801: 19797: 19793: 19789: 19785: 19780: 19776: 19772: 19768: 19764: 19760: 19756: 19752: 19748: 19744: 19740: 19736: 19732: 19728: 19724: 19720: 19716: 19712: 19708: 19704: 19700: 19696: 19692: 19688: 19684: 19680: 19676: 19671: 19667: 19663: 19659: 19654: 19650: 19645: 19641: 19637: 19633: 19629: 19625: 19620: 19616: 19611: 19607: 19602: 19598: 19593: 19589: 19585: 19581: 19576: 19572: 19568: 19564: 19559: 19555: 19551: 19547: 19543: 19539: 19535: 19531: 19526: 19522: 19518: 19514: 19510: 19506: 19502: 19498: 19494: 19490: 19485: 19481: 19477: 19473: 19469: 19465: 19461: 19457: 19453: 19449: 19445: 19441: 19437: 19433: 19429: 19425: 19421: 19417: 19413: 19409: 19405: 19401: 19397: 19392: 19388: 19384: 19380: 19376: 19372: 19368: 19364: 19360: 19356: 19352: 19348: 19344: 19340: 19336: 19332: 19327: 19323: 19319: 19315: 19311: 19307: 19303: 19299: 19295: 19291: 19287: 19283: 19278: 19274: 19270: 19265: 19261: 19257: 19253: 19249: 19245: 19240: 19233: 19224: 19216: 19212: 19208: 19204: 19200: 19196: 19192: 19188: 19184: 19180: 19176: 19172: 19168: 19164: 19160: 19156: 19152: 19147: 19142: 19138: 19134: 19130: 19126: 19122: 19118: 19114: 19110: 19106: 19102: 19098: 19094: 19090: 19086: 19082: 19078: 19074: 19070: 19066: 19062: 19058: 19054: 19049: 19046: 19045: 19038: 19037: 19030: 19023: 19015: 19006: 19005: 19003: 19002: 18990: 18978: 18966: 18953: 18950: 18949: 18947: 18946: 18941: 18936: 18931: 18925: 18920: 18915: 18910: 18905: 18900: 18895: 18890: 18885: 18880: 18875: 18870: 18865: 18860: 18855: 18850: 18845: 18840: 18835: 18833:Cosmochemistry 18830: 18825: 18820: 18815: 18810: 18805: 18800: 18798:Astrochemistry 18795: 18790: 18784: 18782: 18776: 18775: 18773: 18772: 18767: 18762: 18757: 18752: 18748: 18744: 18739: 18735: 18730: 18725: 18720: 18715: 18710: 18704: 18702: 18696: 18695: 18693: 18692: 18687: 18682: 18678: 18673: 18668: 18663: 18658: 18653: 18651:Formyl radical 18648: 18643: 18637: 18631: 18629: 18621: 18620: 18617: 18616: 18614: 18613: 18608: 18603: 18598: 18593: 18588: 18583: 18581:Methyl acetate 18578: 18573: 18568: 18563: 18558: 18554: 18550: 18546: 18540: 18535: 18530: 18524: 18522: 18512: 18511: 18509: 18508: 18503: 18498: 18493: 18488: 18483: 18478: 18473: 18471:Dimethyl ether 18468: 18463: 18457: 18455: 18447: 18446: 18444: 18443: 18438: 18436:Methyl formate 18433: 18428: 18423: 18421:Glycolaldehyde 18418: 18413: 18408: 18403: 18397: 18395: 18387: 18386: 18384: 18383: 18378: 18373: 18368: 18363: 18358: 18356:Glycolonitrile 18353: 18351:Ethylene oxide 18348: 18343: 18342: 18341: 18331: 18325: 18323: 18315: 18314: 18312: 18311: 18306: 18301: 18296: 18291: 18286: 18281: 18276: 18271: 18267: 18262: 18257: 18252: 18250:Cyclopropenone 18247: 18242: 18237: 18231: 18229: 18221: 18220: 18218: 18217: 18212: 18207: 18202: 18197: 18192: 18187: 18182: 18177: 18172: 18167: 18162: 18157: 18152: 18150:Cyanoacetylene 18147: 18142: 18137: 18132: 18125: 18123: 18115: 18114: 18112: 18111: 18106: 18101: 18096: 18091: 18086: 18081: 18076: 18071: 18069:Methyl radical 18066: 18061: 18056: 18051: 18046: 18044:Isocyanic acid 18041: 18036: 18031: 18026: 18021: 18016: 18011: 18009:Isocyanic acid 18006: 18001: 17995: 17993: 17985: 17984: 17982: 17981: 17976: 17971: 17966: 17961: 17956: 17954:Sulfur dioxide 17951: 17946: 17941: 17936: 17931: 17929:Sodium cyanide 17926: 17921: 17916: 17911: 17906: 17901: 17896: 17891: 17887: 17882: 17877: 17872: 17867: 17862: 17857: 17852: 17846: 17840: 17838:Formyl radical 17835: 17830: 17825: 17820: 17815: 17810: 17805: 17800: 17798:Carbon dioxide 17795: 17790: 17785: 17779: 17777: 17771: 17770: 17745: 17743: 17741: 17740: 17735: 17730: 17725: 17720: 17715: 17710: 17705: 17700: 17695: 17690: 17685: 17679: 17674: 17669: 17663: 17658: 17653: 17648: 17646:Iron(II) oxide 17643: 17638: 17632: 17627: 17622: 17617: 17612: 17607: 17602: 17597: 17592: 17587: 17582: 17577: 17572: 17567: 17561: 17559: 17550: 17544: 17543: 17536: 17535: 17528: 17521: 17513: 17504: 17503: 17501: 17500: 17488: 17476: 17464: 17449: 17446: 17445: 17442: 17441: 17438: 17437: 17435: 17434: 17429: 17424: 17419: 17418: 17417: 17407: 17402: 17397: 17391: 17389: 17385: 17384: 17382: 17381: 17376: 17371: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17346: 17341: 17340: 17339: 17329: 17327:Cloud feedback 17324: 17319: 17314: 17309: 17308: 17307: 17302: 17297: 17292: 17282: 17276: 17274: 17270: 17269: 17267: 17266: 17261: 17256: 17251: 17245: 17243: 17235: 17234: 17224: 17223: 17220: 17219: 17216: 17215: 17213: 17212: 17207: 17202: 17201: 17200: 17195: 17185: 17183:Kyoto Protocol 17180: 17174: 17172: 17168: 17167: 17165: 17164: 17159: 17158: 17157: 17152: 17147: 17137: 17135:Media coverage 17132: 17127: 17125:Climate spiral 17122: 17117: 17111: 17109: 17103: 17102: 17100: 17099: 17094: 17089: 17084: 17079: 17074: 17069: 17064: 17059: 17054: 17049: 17044: 17039: 17033: 17031: 17025: 17024: 17022: 17021: 17016: 17014:Public opinion 17011: 17006: 17001: 16996: 16991: 16986: 16981: 16980: 16979: 16969: 16964: 16962:Climate action 16959: 16953: 16951: 16943: 16942: 16929: 16928: 16925: 16924: 16921: 16920: 16918: 16917: 16916: 16915: 16904: 16902: 16898: 16897: 16895: 16894: 16889: 16883: 16882: 16881: 16876: 16874:REDD and REDD+ 16871: 16866: 16858: 16853: 16851:Carbon farming 16848: 16847: 16846: 16841: 16831: 16825: 16823: 16815: 16814: 16812: 16811: 16806: 16801: 16796: 16795: 16794: 16784: 16778: 16776: 16772: 16771: 16769: 16768: 16763: 16758: 16753: 16748: 16743: 16738: 16733: 16728: 16723: 16718: 16713: 16712: 16711: 16701: 16696: 16690: 16688: 16678: 16677: 16665: 16664: 16661: 16660: 16657: 16656: 16654: 16653: 16648: 16643: 16638: 16633: 16628: 16623: 16618: 16613: 16608: 16603: 16597: 16595: 16589: 16588: 16586: 16585: 16583:Water security 16580: 16578:Water scarcity 16575: 16573:Urban flooding 16570: 16565: 16560: 16555: 16550: 16545: 16540: 16535: 16534: 16533: 16523: 16518: 16513: 16512: 16511: 16501: 16496: 16491: 16486: 16481: 16476: 16475: 16474: 16469: 16458: 16456: 16452: 16451: 16449: 16448: 16443: 16438: 16433: 16431:Forest dieback 16428: 16423: 16418: 16417: 16416: 16405: 16403: 16399: 16398: 16396: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16368:Sea level rise 16365: 16360: 16355: 16350: 16349: 16348: 16343: 16341:stratification 16338: 16333: 16328: 16323: 16313: 16312: 16311: 16306: 16296: 16295: 16294: 16284: 16279: 16274: 16269: 16264: 16259: 16254: 16248: 16246: 16238: 16237: 16225: 16224: 16221: 16220: 16218: 16217: 16216: 16215: 16210: 16205: 16200: 16195: 16190: 16182: 16177: 16172: 16167: 16162: 16157: 16151: 16148: 16147: 16137: 16136: 16133: 16132: 16129: 16128: 16126: 16125: 16120: 16119: 16118: 16113: 16108: 16106:Carbon leakage 16103: 16098: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16072: 16070: 16066: 16065: 16063: 16062: 16057: 16047: 16045:Climate system 16041: 16039: 16031: 16030: 16018: 16017: 16014: 16013: 16011: 16010: 16005: 16000: 15995: 15990: 15984: 15981: 15980: 15970: 15969: 15966:Climate change 15962: 15961: 15954: 15947: 15939: 15930: 15929: 15927: 15926: 15921: 15916: 15911: 15906: 15901: 15895: 15893: 15889: 15888: 15886: 15885: 15880: 15874: 15872: 15871:Nanostructures 15868: 15867: 15865: 15864: 15859: 15854: 15849: 15844: 15839: 15832: 15830: 15826: 15825: 15823: 15822: 15817: 15813: 15809: 15805: 15801: 15797: 15793: 15789: 15785: 15781: 15777: 15773: 15769: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15751: 15747: 15743: 15739: 15735: 15731: 15727: 15723: 15719: 15715: 15710: 15704: 15702: 15698: 15697: 15686: 15685: 15678: 15671: 15663: 15654: 15653: 15651: 15650: 15645: 15634:Polycarbonates 15631: 15626: 15621: 15616: 15610: 15608: 15604: 15603: 15601: 15600: 15596: 15592: 15587: 15583: 15579: 15575: 15573:Graphite oxide 15569: 15567: 15563: 15562: 15560: 15559: 15554: 15550: 15545: 15540: 15536: 15531: 15526: 15522: 15517: 15512: 15508: 15503: 15498: 15494: 15489: 15484: 15480: 15475: 15470: 15466: 15461: 15448: 15444: 15440: 15435: 15431: 15426: 15421: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15403: 15398: 15393: 15389: 15384: 15379: 15375: 15370: 15365: 15361: 15356: 15351: 15347: 15342: 15337: 15333: 15328: 15322: 15317: 15304: 15300: 15296: 15291: 15287: 15282: 15277: 15273: 15268: 15262: 15257: 15252: 15247: 15242: 15237: 15232: 15227: 15222: 15216: 15214: 15210: 15209: 15207: 15206: 15201: 15196: 15190: 15188: 15184: 15183: 15176: 15175: 15168: 15161: 15153: 15144: 15143: 15133: 15130: 15129: 15127: 15126: 15121: 15116: 15111: 15106: 15101: 15096: 15090: 15088: 15084: 15083: 15081: 15080: 15076: 15066: 15062: 15052: 15048: 15038: 15034: 15024: 15020: 15009: 15007: 15003: 15002: 15000: 14999: 14995: 14991: 14982: 14978: 14974: 14965: 14961: 14957: 14948: 14944: 14940: 14930: 14928: 14924: 14923: 14921: 14920: 14916: 14909:Xenon trioxide 14906: 14902: 14892: 14888: 14878: 14874: 14864: 14860: 14850: 14846: 14836: 14832: 14822: 14818: 14808: 14804: 14794: 14790: 14779: 14777: 14773: 14772: 14770: 14769: 14765: 14761: 14752: 14748: 14744: 14735: 14731: 14727: 14718: 14714: 14710: 14701: 14697: 14693: 14684: 14680: 14676: 14667: 14663: 14659: 14650: 14646: 14642: 14633: 14629: 14625: 14615: 14613: 14609: 14608: 14606: 14605: 14601: 14591: 14587: 14577: 14573: 14563: 14559: 14549: 14545: 14535: 14531: 14521: 14517: 14507: 14503: 14493: 14489: 14479: 14475: 14465: 14461: 14454:Sulfur dioxide 14451: 14447: 14437: 14433: 14423: 14419: 14409: 14405: 14395: 14391: 14381: 14377: 14367: 14363: 14353: 14349: 14339: 14335: 14325: 14321: 14314:Osmium dioxide 14311: 14307: 14297: 14293: 14283: 14279: 14269: 14265: 14255: 14251: 14241: 14237: 14227: 14223: 14216:Iodine dioxide 14213: 14209: 14199: 14195: 14191: 14182: 14178: 14168: 14164: 14154: 14150: 14140: 14136: 14126: 14122: 14112: 14108: 14101:Carbon dioxide 14098: 14094: 14084: 14080: 14070: 14066: 14056: 14052: 14041: 14039: 14035: 14034: 14032: 14031: 14027: 14023: 14014: 14010: 14006: 13997: 13993: 13989: 13980: 13976: 13972: 13963: 13959: 13955: 13946: 13942: 13938: 13929: 13925: 13921: 13912: 13908: 13904: 13895: 13891: 13887: 13881:Scandium oxide 13878: 13874: 13870: 13861: 13857: 13853: 13844: 13840: 13836: 13827: 13823: 13819: 13810: 13806: 13802: 13793: 13789: 13785: 13776: 13772: 13768: 13759: 13755: 13751: 13742: 13738: 13734: 13725: 13721: 13717: 13708: 13704: 13700: 13691: 13687: 13683: 13674: 13670: 13666: 13657: 13653: 13649: 13640: 13636: 13632: 13623: 13619: 13615: 13606: 13602: 13598: 13589: 13585: 13581: 13572: 13568: 13564: 13555: 13551: 13547: 13538: 13534: 13530: 13521: 13517: 13513: 13504: 13500: 13496: 13487: 13483: 13479: 13470: 13466: 13462: 13453: 13449: 13445: 13436: 13432: 13428: 13422:Boron trioxide 13419: 13415: 13411: 13402: 13398: 13394: 13385: 13381: 13377: 13368: 13364: 13360: 13351: 13347: 13343: 13334: 13330: 13326: 13317: 13313: 13309: 13299: 13297: 13293: 13292: 13290: 13289: 13279: 13269: 13259: 13249: 13239: 13229: 13225: 13221: 13212: 13202: 13192: 13182: 13172: 13162: 13152: 13142: 13132: 13122: 13112: 13102: 13092: 13082: 13075:Lead(II) oxide 13072: 13062: 13055:Iron(II) oxide 13052: 13042: 13032: 13028: 13024: 13015: 13005: 12995: 12985: 12975: 12965: 12955: 12945: 12935: 12925: 12915: 12905: 12894: 12892: 12888: 12887: 12885: 12884: 12880: 12871: 12867: 12858: 12854: 12845: 12841: 12832: 12828: 12822:Rubidium oxide 12819: 12815: 12806: 12802: 12793: 12789: 12780: 12776: 12767: 12763: 12754: 12750: 12741: 12737: 12728: 12724: 12715: 12711: 12702: 12698: 12689: 12685: 12675: 12673: 12669: 12668: 12666: 12665: 12661: 12657: 12648: 12644: 12640: 12631: 12627: 12623: 12614: 12610: 12606: 12597: 12593: 12589: 12580: 12576: 12572: 12563: 12559: 12555: 12546: 12542: 12538: 12529: 12525: 12521: 12512: 12508: 12504: 12495: 12491: 12487: 12478: 12474: 12470: 12461: 12457: 12453: 12444: 12440: 12436: 12427: 12423: 12419: 12413:Boron suboxide 12410: 12406: 12402: 12392: 12390: 12386: 12385: 12378: 12377: 12370: 12363: 12355: 12349: 12348: 12339: 12335: 12329: 12324: 12315: 12314: 12309: 12303: 12302: 12298:Carbon dioxide 12291: 12290: 12288: 12287:External links 12285: 12282: 12281: 12242: 12199: 12178:Comptes Rendus 12164: 12120: 12066: 12059: 12038: 11995: 11956: 11928: 11916: 11906: 11880: 11843: 11832:. 1 March 2022 11823: 11813: 11754: 11701:(4): 417–424. 11688: 11684: 11673: 11630: 11597: 11579: 11555: 11544: 11535:|website= 11498: 11488: 11479: 11470: 11440: 11397: 11380: 11349: 11337: 11327: 11296: 11264: 11257: 11237: 11218: 11199: 11172: 11139: 11112: 11106: 11077: 11020: 10987: 10956: 10897: 10890: 10866: 10834: 10814: 10804: 10797: 10771: 10764: 10746: 10739: 10710: 10678: 10652: 10589: 10578: 10551: 10510: 10475:Biogeosciences 10461: 10420: 10345: 10338: 10313: 10262: 10251: 10224: 10172: 10152: 10142: 10124:Ahmed, Issam. 10116: 10090: 10083: 10056: 10035:(36): 229–51. 10015: 9984: 9958: 9912: 9903: 9873: 9854: 9831: 9798: 9775: 9726: 9692: 9643: 9610: 9603: 9583: 9553: 9520: 9513: 9502: 9496: 9487: 9480: 9469: 9463: 9459: 9450: 9424: 9397:(2): 129–161. 9377: 9360: 9329: 9304: 9280: 9269: 9240:(6): 805–812. 9220: 9195: 9155: 9136:(5): 625–633. 9125: 9121: 9112: 9081: 9031: 9020: 8984: 8973: 8940: 8920: 8905: 8876:(6): 805–812. 8850: 8790: 8786: 8772: 8735: 8698: 8675: 8654: 8630: 8620: 8604: 8588: 8537: 8479: 8468:on 3 June 2016 8449: 8416:Phytochemistry 8411: 8402: 8391:(3): 121–129. 8372: 8363: 8328:(4): 700–712. 8312: 8282: 8273: 8246:(1): 609–639. 8235: 8226: 8213:(3): 311–327. 8200: 8189: 8113: 8102: 8045: 8018: 8003: 7985: 7923: 7916: 7895: 7888: 7867: 7816: 7790: 7715: 7708: 7690: 7647: 7640: 7622: 7582: 7570: 7532: 7523: 7516: 7498: 7491: 7463: 7444: 7421: 7388: 7378:. p. 20. 7356: 7326: 7319: 7299: 7282: 7256: 7242: 7222: 7196: 7177: 7169:10.17226/12904 7150: 7112: 7076: 7054: 7030: 6987: 6968: 6916: 6874: 6873: 6871: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6855: 6842: 6841: 6839: 6836: 6834: 6833: 6827: 6817: 6811: 6806: 6801: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6779: 6773:Bosch reaction 6770: 6763: 6762: 6761: 6745: 6742: 6722: 6700:oil of vitriol 6616: 6613: 6601: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6528: 6525: 6520: 6512: 6511:has fielded CO 6500: 6495: 6490: 6486: 6483:climate change 6466: 6429: 6426: 6421: 6410: 6394:cyanobacterium 6381: 6374:Main article: 6371: 6368: 6336: 6333: 6324: 6320: 6317: 6298: 6293: 6283: 6280: 6264:pharmaceutical 6231: 6227: 6224: 6219: 6190: 6182: 6179: 6171:decaffeination 6146: 6145:capsules of CO 6121: 6117: 6097: 6094: 6089: 6086: 6018: 6015: 5976: 5973: 5907: 5904: 5886: 5882: 5879: 5874: 5870: 5866: 5855: 5832: 5831: 5811: 5809: 5798: 5795: 5789: 5786: 5782: 5781: 5776: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5755: 5750: 5746: 5737: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5724: 5723:+ 2 HCl → CaCl 5720: 5695: 5692: 5691: 5687: 5683: 5661: 5655: 5652: 5623: 5620: 5619: 5618: 5613: 5609: 5605: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5572: 5568: 5564: 5519: 5516: 5507: 5504: 5489: 5488: 5483: 5479: 5475: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5451:photosynthesis 5426: 5419: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5393: 5380: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5336:Okinawa Trough 5332:Mariana Trench 5323: 5320: 5317: 5316: 5312: 5294: 5293: 5240: 5217: 5206: 5196: 5188: 5147:ocean currents 5142: 5138: 5074: 5070: 5056: 5050: 5030: 5022: 5017: 4984: 4980: 4974: 4971: 4959: 4956: 4950: 4930: 4918: 4914: 4904: 4898: 4880: 4873: 4861: 4852:are 4.26 4826: 4823:climate change 4814: 4809: 4790: 4771:photosynthesis 4742: 4730: 4729:Atmospheric CO 4723: 4715: 4707: 4704: 4702: 4699: 4693: 4685: 4654: 4644:autoregulation 4639: 4636: 4627: 4624:Haldane Effect 4619: 4611: 4601: 4600: 4589: 4582: 4581: 4568: 4564: 4560: 4556: 4551: 4550: 4545:by the enzyme 4522: 4518: 4515: 4497: 4496: 4493: 4490: 4484: 4483: 4480: 4477: 4468: 4467: 4464: 4461: 4454: 4453: 4446: 4439: 4429: 4415: 4412: 4410: 4407: 4390: 4386: 4382: 4375:Rapolano Terme 4370: 4367: 4362: 4357: 4353: 4349: 4338: 4330: 4327: 4322: 4318: 4283: 4279: 4271: 4260: 4248: 4245: 4242: 4241: 4238: 4234: 4233: 4230: 4226: 4225: 4222: 4218: 4217: 4214: 4210: 4209: 4203: 4199: 4198: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4182: 4179: 4170: 4162: 4157: 4149: 4145: 4136: 4128: 4124: 4120: 4116: 4113: 4092: 4072: 4045: 4032:, a subset of 4014:asphyxiant gas 4009: 3998:volume percent 3983: 3980: 3975: 3971: 3962: 3958: 3950: 3943: 3920: 3908: 3901: 3897: 3893: 3885: 3878:photosynthesis 3811: 3758: 3755: 3718: 3715: 3712: 3711: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3699: 3696: 3693: 3690: 3686: 3685: 3682: 3679: 3676: 3673: 3670: 3667: 3664: 3660: 3659: 3656: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3644: 3641: 3638: 3634: 3633: 3630: 3627: 3624: 3621: 3618: 3615: 3612: 3608: 3607: 3604: 3601: 3598: 3595: 3592: 3589: 3586: 3582: 3581: 3578: 3575: 3572: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3555: 3552: 3549: 3546: 3543: 3540: 3537: 3534: 3530: 3529: 3526: 3523: 3520: 3517: 3514: 3511: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3500: 3497: 3494: 3491: 3488: 3485: 3482: 3478: 3477: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3462: 3459: 3456: 3452: 3451: 3448: 3445: 3442: 3439: 3436: 3433: 3430: 3426: 3425: 3422: 3419: 3416: 3413: 3410: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3399: 3396: 3393: 3390: 3387: 3384: 3381: 3378: 3374: 3373: 3370: 3367: 3364: 3361: 3355: 3352: 3349: 3339: 3334: 3333: 3330: 3327: 3324: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3311: 3310: 3307: 3304: 3301: 3298: 3295: 3292: 3289: 3285: 3284: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3272: 3269: 3266: 3262: 3261: 3258: 3255: 3252: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3209: 3206: 3203: 3200: 3197: 3193: 3192: 3189: 3186: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3174: 3170: 3169: 3166: 3163: 3160: 3157: 3154: 3151: 3147: 3146: 3143: 3140: 3137: 3134: 3131: 3128: 3124: 3123: 3117: 3115:Prandtl Number 3112: 3106: 3100: 3094: 3088: 3082: 3039: 3022:critical point 3012:forms only at 2946: 2943: 2942: 2941: 2937: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2911: 2899: 2858: 2857: 2852: 2848: 2835: 2828: 2820: 2813: 2812: 2790: 2785: 2781: 2768: 2748: 2736: 2720: 2716: 2713: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2606: 2605: 2601: 2594: 2589: 2538: 2531: 2524: 2520: 2517: 2516: 2501: 2492: 2486: 2482: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2458: 2445: 2437: 2430: 2425: 2417: 2412: 2407: 2402: 2394: 2387: 2382: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2367: 2364: 2361: 2358: 2355: 2347: 2344: 2339: 2323: 2318:= 6.38) is an 2315: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2297: 2296: 2281: 2273: 2260: 2252: 2245: 2240: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2209: 2202: 2196: 2193: 2188: 2169: 2168: 2164: 2157: 2152: 2138: 2134: 2057: 2053: 2047: 2040: 2037: 2036: 2023: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2009: 2006: 1999: 1990: 1984: 1980: 1972: 1965: 1957: 1944: 1936: 1929: 1923: 1918: 1899: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1868: 1864: 1848: 1845: 1837:volume element 1796: 1788: 1736: 1733: 1712: 1709: 1673:decaffeination 1664: 1638: 1621:is eventually 1618: 1614: 1598: 1587: 1571: 1568:photosynthesis 1562:to synthesize 1529:climate change 1524: 1501: 1500:atmospheric CO 1452:greenhouse gas 1450:, acting as a 1435: 1406: 1393:Carbon dioxide 1388: 1385: 1384: 1379: 1357: 1356: 1352:standard state 1349: 1346: 1345: 1339: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1331: 1330: 1325: 1320: 1314: 1312: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1299: 1290: 1287: 1286: 1284: 1283: 1278: 1276:Cerium dioxide 1273: 1268: 1263: 1258: 1253: 1248: 1243: 1237: 1235: 1229: 1226: 1225: 1223: 1222: 1217: 1212: 1206: 1204: 1198: 1195: 1194: 1190: 1189: 1184: 1177: 1176: 1165: 1159: 1156: 1155: 1136: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1115: 1109: 1106: 1105: 1096: 1095: 1080: 1071: 1069: 1066: 1065: 1058: 1057: 1047: 1040: 1033: 1026: 1011: 1010: 1009: 1008: 1006: 997: 996: 992: 991: 979: 974: 971: 970: 966: 965: 958: 952: 946: 938: 935: 934: 927: 921: 910: 907: 906: 899: 887: 884: 883: 879: 878: 873: 868: 865: 864: 861: 856: 853: 852: 848: 847: 840: 835: 832: 831: 829: 828: 821: 817: 815: 809: 808: 805: 800: 792: 789: 788: 781: 775: 774: 767: 761: 758: 757: 753: 744: 735: 724: 720: 710: 709: 706: 704:Vapor pressure 700: 699: 692: 687: 684: 683: 680: 673: 670: 669: 666: 651: 650: 648: 647: 640: 633: 625: 623: 617: 616: 614: 613: 610: 606: 604: 598: 597: 596:Colorless gas 594: 590: 589: 583: 577: 576: 573: 565: 560: 557: 556: 552: 551: 549: 548: 545: 543: 540: 532: 531: 530: 527: 526: 524: 523: 519: 516: 515: 513: 509: 506: 505: 497: 496: 495: 492: 491: 489: 488: 475: 473: 461: 458: 457: 454: 448: 447: 445: 444: 436: 434: 428: 427: 425: 424: 420: 418: 412: 411: 409: 408: 400: 398: 390: 387: 386: 383:Carbon+dioxide 379: 373: 372: 370: 369: 361: 359: 353: 352: 349: 344: 341: 340: 334: 326: 325: 323: 322: 318: 316: 308: 307: 297: 289: 288: 286: 285: 277: 275: 269: 268: 266: 265: 257: 255: 249: 248: 246: 245: 237: 235: 229: 228: 225: 220: 217: 216: 214: 213: 205: 203: 199: 198: 196: 195: 188: 180: 178: 171: 168: 167: 165: 164: 156: 154: 149: 146: 145: 141: 140: 137: 136: 130: 127: 120: 117: 114: 113:Carbonic oxide 111: 108: 105: 101: 100: 96: 95: 93:Carbon dioxide 92: 86: 85: 81: 80: 77: 76: 66: 51: 50: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 20228: 20217: 20214: 20212: 20209: 20207: 20204: 20202: 20199: 20197: 20194: 20192: 20189: 20187: 20184: 20182: 20179: 20177: 20174: 20172: 20169: 20167: 20164: 20162: 20159: 20157: 20154: 20152: 20151:Acidic oxides 20149: 20147: 20144: 20142: 20139: 20138: 20136: 20121: 20118: 20115: 20104: 20101: 20090: 20087: 20076: 20073: 20062: 20059: 20048: 20045: 20034: 20031: 20024: 20021: 20017: 20014: 20006: 20003: 19992: 19990: 19984: 19982: 19979: 19977: 19967: 19965: 19958: 19956: 19950: 19948: 19938: 19936: 19926: 19924: 19914: 19912: 19905: 19903: 19897: 19895: 19892: 19890: 19880: 19878: 19872: 19870: 19864: 19862: 19852: 19850: 19840: 19838: 19832: 19830: 19827: 19825: 19815: 19813: 19810: 19808: 19798: 19796: 19786: 19784: 19777: 19775: 19765: 19763: 19753: 19751: 19745: 19743: 19737: 19735: 19725: 19723: 19713: 19711: 19701: 19699: 19689: 19687: 19677: 19675: 19672: 19670: 19660: 19658: 19651: 19649: 19646: 19644: 19638: 19636: 19626: 19624: 19617: 19615: 19608: 19606: 19599: 19597: 19590: 19588: 19582: 19580: 19577: 19575: 19565: 19563: 19556: 19554: 19544: 19542: 19532: 19530: 19527: 19525: 19515: 19513: 19503: 19501: 19491: 19489: 19486: 19484: 19474: 19472: 19466: 19464: 19454: 19452: 19442: 19440: 19430: 19428: 19422: 19420: 19410: 19408: 19398: 19396: 19393: 19391: 19381: 19379: 19369: 19367: 19357: 19355: 19345: 19343: 19333: 19331: 19324: 19322: 19316: 19314: 19304: 19302: 19292: 19290: 19284: 19282: 19279: 19277: 19271: 19269: 19266: 19264: 19254: 19252: 19246: 19244: 19241: 19239: 19217: 19215: 19205: 19203: 19193: 19191: 19185: 19183: 19173: 19171: 19165: 19163: 19153: 19151: 19148: 19146: 19143: 19141: 19131: 19129: 19119: 19117: 19107: 19105: 19095: 19093: 19083: 19081: 19075: 19073: 19063: 19061: 19051: 19050: 19047: 19043: 19036: 19031: 19029: 19024: 19022: 19017: 19016: 19013: 19001: 18991: 18989: 18979: 18977: 18967: 18965: 18964: 18955: 18954: 18951: 18945: 18942: 18940: 18937: 18935: 18932: 18929: 18926: 18924: 18921: 18919: 18916: 18914: 18911: 18909: 18906: 18904: 18901: 18899: 18896: 18894: 18891: 18889: 18886: 18884: 18881: 18879: 18876: 18874: 18871: 18869: 18866: 18864: 18863:Homochirality 18861: 18859: 18856: 18854: 18851: 18849: 18846: 18844: 18841: 18839: 18836: 18834: 18831: 18829: 18826: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18814: 18811: 18809: 18806: 18804: 18801: 18799: 18796: 18794: 18791: 18789: 18786: 18785: 18783: 18781: 18777: 18771: 18768: 18766: 18763: 18761: 18758: 18756: 18753: 18751: 18745: 18743: 18736: 18734: 18731: 18729: 18726: 18724: 18721: 18719: 18718:Methoxyethane 18716: 18714: 18711: 18709: 18706: 18705: 18703: 18701: 18697: 18691: 18688: 18686: 18679: 18677: 18674: 18672: 18669: 18667: 18664: 18662: 18659: 18657: 18654: 18652: 18649: 18647: 18644: 18641: 18638: 18636: 18633: 18632: 18630: 18626: 18622: 18612: 18609: 18607: 18604: 18602: 18601:Butyronitrile 18599: 18597: 18594: 18592: 18589: 18587: 18584: 18582: 18579: 18577: 18576:Ethyl formate 18574: 18572: 18569: 18567: 18564: 18562: 18555: 18544: 18541: 18539: 18536: 18534: 18531: 18529: 18526: 18525: 18523: 18521: 18513: 18507: 18504: 18502: 18501:Propionitrile 18499: 18497: 18494: 18492: 18489: 18487: 18484: 18482: 18479: 18477: 18474: 18472: 18469: 18467: 18464: 18462: 18459: 18458: 18456: 18454: 18448: 18442: 18439: 18437: 18434: 18432: 18429: 18427: 18424: 18422: 18419: 18417: 18414: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18398: 18396: 18394: 18388: 18382: 18381:Vinyl alcohol 18379: 18377: 18374: 18372: 18369: 18367: 18364: 18362: 18359: 18357: 18354: 18352: 18349: 18347: 18344: 18340: 18339:Vinyl cyanide 18337: 18336: 18335: 18334:Acrylonitrile 18332: 18330: 18327: 18326: 18324: 18322: 18316: 18310: 18307: 18305: 18302: 18300: 18299:Pentynylidyne 18297: 18295: 18292: 18290: 18287: 18285: 18282: 18280: 18277: 18275: 18268: 18266: 18263: 18261: 18258: 18256: 18253: 18251: 18248: 18246: 18243: 18241: 18238: 18236: 18233: 18232: 18230: 18228: 18222: 18216: 18213: 18211: 18208: 18206: 18203: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18195:Methylenimine 18193: 18191: 18188: 18186: 18183: 18181: 18178: 18176: 18173: 18171: 18168: 18166: 18163: 18161: 18158: 18156: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18146: 18143: 18141: 18138: 18136: 18133: 18130: 18127: 18126: 18124: 18122: 18116: 18110: 18107: 18105: 18102: 18100: 18097: 18095: 18092: 18090: 18087: 18085: 18082: 18080: 18077: 18075: 18074:Propynylidyne 18072: 18070: 18067: 18065: 18064:Methyl cation 18062: 18060: 18057: 18055: 18052: 18050: 18047: 18045: 18042: 18040: 18037: 18035: 18032: 18030: 18027: 18025: 18024:Fulminic acid 18022: 18020: 18017: 18015: 18012: 18010: 18007: 18005: 18002: 18000: 17997: 17996: 17994: 17992: 17986: 17980: 17977: 17975: 17972: 17970: 17967: 17965: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17952: 17950: 17947: 17945: 17942: 17940: 17937: 17935: 17932: 17930: 17927: 17925: 17922: 17920: 17917: 17915: 17912: 17910: 17907: 17905: 17902: 17900: 17899:Nitrous oxide 17897: 17895: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17881: 17878: 17876: 17873: 17871: 17868: 17866: 17863: 17861: 17858: 17856: 17853: 17850: 17847: 17844: 17841: 17839: 17836: 17834: 17831: 17829: 17826: 17824: 17821: 17819: 17816: 17814: 17811: 17809: 17806: 17804: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17793:Amino radical 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17780: 17778: 17776: 17772: 17767: 17758: 17749: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17731: 17729: 17726: 17724: 17723:Sodium iodide 17721: 17719: 17716: 17714: 17711: 17709: 17706: 17704: 17701: 17699: 17696: 17694: 17691: 17689: 17686: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17667: 17664: 17662: 17659: 17657: 17654: 17652: 17649: 17647: 17644: 17642: 17639: 17636: 17633: 17631: 17628: 17626: 17623: 17621: 17618: 17616: 17613: 17611: 17608: 17606: 17605:Cyano radical 17603: 17601: 17598: 17596: 17593: 17591: 17588: 17586: 17585:Carbon cation 17583: 17581: 17578: 17576: 17573: 17571: 17568: 17566: 17563: 17562: 17560: 17558: 17554: 17551: 17549: 17545: 17541: 17534: 17529: 17527: 17522: 17520: 17515: 17514: 17511: 17499: 17498: 17489: 17487: 17486: 17477: 17475: 17474: 17465: 17463: 17462: 17451: 17450: 17447: 17433: 17430: 17428: 17425: 17423: 17420: 17416: 17413: 17412: 17411: 17408: 17406: 17403: 17401: 17400:Climate model 17398: 17396: 17393: 17392: 17390: 17386: 17380: 17377: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17350: 17347: 17345: 17342: 17338: 17335: 17334: 17333: 17332:Cloud forcing 17330: 17328: 17325: 17323: 17320: 17318: 17315: 17313: 17310: 17306: 17303: 17301: 17298: 17296: 17293: 17291: 17288: 17287: 17286: 17283: 17281: 17278: 17277: 17275: 17271: 17265: 17262: 17260: 17257: 17255: 17252: 17250: 17247: 17246: 17244: 17240: 17236: 17229: 17225: 17211: 17208: 17206: 17203: 17199: 17196: 17194: 17191: 17190: 17189: 17186: 17184: 17181: 17179: 17176: 17175: 17173: 17169: 17163: 17160: 17156: 17153: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17142: 17141: 17138: 17136: 17133: 17131: 17128: 17126: 17123: 17121: 17118: 17116: 17113: 17112: 17110: 17108: 17107:Communication 17104: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17090: 17088: 17087:Vulnerability 17085: 17083: 17080: 17078: 17075: 17073: 17070: 17068: 17065: 17063: 17060: 17058: 17057:Flood control 17055: 17053: 17050: 17048: 17045: 17043: 17040: 17038: 17035: 17034: 17032: 17030: 17026: 17020: 17017: 17015: 17012: 17010: 17007: 17005: 17002: 17000: 16997: 16995: 16992: 16990: 16987: 16985: 16982: 16978: 16975: 16974: 16973: 16970: 16968: 16965: 16963: 16960: 16958: 16955: 16954: 16952: 16948: 16944: 16940: 16934: 16930: 16914: 16911: 16910: 16909: 16906: 16905: 16903: 16899: 16893: 16890: 16887: 16884: 16880: 16879:reforestation 16877: 16875: 16872: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16864:afforestation 16862: 16861: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16852: 16849: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16836: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16826: 16824: 16822: 16816: 16810: 16807: 16805: 16802: 16800: 16799:Nuclear power 16797: 16793: 16790: 16789: 16788: 16785: 16783: 16780: 16779: 16777: 16773: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16747: 16744: 16742: 16739: 16737: 16734: 16732: 16729: 16727: 16724: 16722: 16719: 16717: 16714: 16710: 16707: 16706: 16705: 16702: 16700: 16697: 16695: 16694:Carbon budget 16692: 16691: 16689: 16687: 16683: 16679: 16675: 16670: 16666: 16652: 16649: 16647: 16644: 16642: 16639: 16637: 16634: 16632: 16629: 16627: 16624: 16622: 16619: 16617: 16614: 16612: 16609: 16607: 16604: 16602: 16599: 16598: 16596: 16594: 16590: 16584: 16581: 16579: 16576: 16574: 16571: 16569: 16566: 16564: 16561: 16559: 16556: 16554: 16551: 16549: 16546: 16544: 16541: 16539: 16536: 16532: 16531:Mental health 16529: 16528: 16527: 16524: 16522: 16519: 16517: 16514: 16510: 16507: 16506: 16505: 16502: 16500: 16497: 16495: 16492: 16490: 16487: 16485: 16482: 16480: 16477: 16473: 16472:United States 16470: 16468: 16465: 16464: 16463: 16460: 16459: 16457: 16453: 16447: 16444: 16442: 16439: 16437: 16434: 16432: 16429: 16427: 16424: 16422: 16419: 16415: 16412: 16411: 16410: 16407: 16406: 16404: 16400: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16364: 16361: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16347: 16344: 16342: 16339: 16337: 16334: 16332: 16329: 16327: 16326:deoxygenation 16324: 16322: 16321:acidification 16319: 16318: 16317: 16314: 16310: 16307: 16305: 16302: 16301: 16300: 16297: 16293: 16290: 16289: 16288: 16285: 16283: 16280: 16278: 16275: 16273: 16270: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16253: 16250: 16249: 16247: 16243: 16239: 16235: 16230: 16226: 16214: 16211: 16209: 16206: 16204: 16201: 16199: 16196: 16194: 16191: 16189: 16186: 16185: 16183: 16181: 16178: 16176: 16173: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16161: 16158: 16156: 16153: 16152: 16149: 16142: 16138: 16124: 16121: 16117: 16116:from wetlands 16114: 16112: 16109: 16107: 16104: 16102: 16099: 16097: 16094: 16093: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16077: 16076:Deforestation 16074: 16073: 16071: 16067: 16061: 16058: 16055: 16051: 16048: 16046: 16043: 16042: 16040: 16036: 16032: 16028: 16023: 16019: 16009: 16006: 16004: 16001: 15999: 15996: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15985: 15982: 15975: 15971: 15967: 15960: 15955: 15953: 15948: 15946: 15941: 15940: 15937: 15925: 15922: 15920: 15917: 15915: 15914:Carbonic acid 15912: 15910: 15907: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15896: 15894: 15890: 15884: 15881: 15879: 15876: 15875: 15873: 15869: 15863: 15862:Thiofulminate 15860: 15858: 15855: 15853: 15850: 15848: 15845: 15843: 15840: 15837: 15834: 15833: 15831: 15827: 15821: 15818: 15816: 15806: 15804: 15794: 15792: 15786: 15784: 15778: 15776: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15748: 15746: 15740: 15738: 15732: 15730: 15724: 15722: 15716: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15706: 15705: 15703: 15699: 15694: 15691: 15684: 15679: 15677: 15672: 15670: 15665: 15664: 15661: 15649: 15646: 15643: 15642:Tricarbonates 15639: 15635: 15632: 15630: 15627: 15625: 15622: 15620: 15619:Carbonic acid 15617: 15615: 15612: 15611: 15609: 15605: 15599: 15593: 15591: 15588: 15586: 15576: 15574: 15571: 15570: 15568: 15564: 15558: 15546: 15544: 15532: 15530: 15518: 15516: 15504: 15502: 15490: 15488: 15476: 15474: 15462: 15459: 15455: 15441: 15439: 15427: 15425: 15413: 15411: 15399: 15397: 15385: 15383: 15371: 15369: 15357: 15355: 15343: 15341: 15329: 15327: 15318: 15315: 15311: 15297: 15295: 15283: 15281: 15269: 15267: 15258: 15256: 15248: 15246: 15238: 15236: 15228: 15226: 15218: 15217: 15215: 15213:Exotic oxides 15211: 15205: 15197: 15195: 15192: 15191: 15189: 15187:Common oxides 15185: 15181: 15174: 15169: 15167: 15162: 15160: 15155: 15154: 15151: 15141: 15137: 15131: 15125: 15122: 15120: 15117: 15115: 15112: 15110: 15107: 15105: 15102: 15100: 15097: 15095: 15092: 15091: 15089: 15085: 15074: 15070: 15067: 15060: 15056: 15053: 15046: 15042: 15039: 15032: 15028: 15025: 15018: 15014: 15011: 15010: 15008: 15004: 14990: 14986: 14983: 14973: 14969: 14966: 14956: 14952: 14949: 14939: 14935: 14932: 14931: 14929: 14925: 14914: 14910: 14907: 14900: 14896: 14893: 14886: 14882: 14879: 14872: 14868: 14865: 14858: 14854: 14851: 14844: 14840: 14837: 14830: 14826: 14823: 14816: 14812: 14809: 14802: 14798: 14795: 14788: 14784: 14781: 14780: 14778: 14774: 14760: 14756: 14753: 14743: 14739: 14736: 14726: 14722: 14719: 14709: 14705: 14702: 14692: 14688: 14685: 14675: 14671: 14668: 14658: 14654: 14651: 14641: 14637: 14634: 14624: 14620: 14617: 14616: 14614: 14610: 14599: 14595: 14592: 14585: 14581: 14578: 14571: 14567: 14564: 14557: 14553: 14550: 14543: 14539: 14536: 14529: 14525: 14522: 14515: 14511: 14508: 14501: 14497: 14494: 14487: 14483: 14480: 14473: 14469: 14466: 14459: 14455: 14452: 14445: 14441: 14438: 14431: 14427: 14424: 14417: 14413: 14410: 14403: 14399: 14396: 14389: 14385: 14382: 14375: 14371: 14368: 14361: 14357: 14354: 14347: 14343: 14340: 14333: 14329: 14326: 14319: 14315: 14312: 14305: 14301: 14298: 14291: 14287: 14284: 14277: 14273: 14270: 14263: 14259: 14256: 14249: 14245: 14242: 14235: 14231: 14228: 14221: 14217: 14214: 14207: 14203: 14200: 14190: 14186: 14183: 14176: 14172: 14169: 14162: 14158: 14155: 14148: 14144: 14141: 14134: 14130: 14127: 14120: 14116: 14113: 14106: 14102: 14099: 14092: 14088: 14085: 14078: 14074: 14071: 14064: 14060: 14057: 14050: 14046: 14043: 14042: 14040: 14036: 14022: 14018: 14015: 14005: 14001: 13998: 13988: 13984: 13981: 13971: 13967: 13964: 13954: 13950: 13947: 13937: 13933: 13930: 13920: 13916: 13913: 13903: 13899: 13896: 13886: 13882: 13879: 13869: 13865: 13862: 13852: 13848: 13845: 13835: 13831: 13828: 13818: 13814: 13811: 13801: 13797: 13794: 13784: 13780: 13777: 13767: 13763: 13760: 13750: 13746: 13743: 13733: 13729: 13726: 13716: 13712: 13709: 13699: 13695: 13692: 13682: 13678: 13675: 13665: 13661: 13658: 13648: 13644: 13641: 13631: 13627: 13624: 13614: 13610: 13607: 13597: 13593: 13590: 13580: 13576: 13573: 13563: 13559: 13556: 13546: 13542: 13539: 13529: 13525: 13522: 13512: 13508: 13505: 13495: 13491: 13488: 13478: 13474: 13471: 13461: 13457: 13454: 13444: 13440: 13437: 13427: 13423: 13420: 13410: 13406: 13403: 13393: 13389: 13386: 13376: 13372: 13369: 13359: 13355: 13352: 13342: 13338: 13335: 13325: 13321: 13318: 13308: 13304: 13301: 13300: 13298: 13294: 13287: 13283: 13280: 13277: 13273: 13270: 13267: 13263: 13260: 13257: 13253: 13250: 13247: 13243: 13242:Tin(II) oxide 13240: 13237: 13233: 13230: 13220: 13216: 13213: 13210: 13206: 13203: 13200: 13196: 13193: 13190: 13186: 13183: 13180: 13176: 13173: 13170: 13166: 13163: 13160: 13156: 13153: 13150: 13146: 13143: 13140: 13136: 13133: 13130: 13126: 13123: 13120: 13116: 13113: 13110: 13106: 13103: 13100: 13096: 13093: 13090: 13086: 13083: 13080: 13076: 13073: 13070: 13066: 13063: 13060: 13056: 13053: 13050: 13046: 13043: 13040: 13036: 13033: 13023: 13019: 13016: 13013: 13009: 13006: 13003: 12999: 12996: 12993: 12989: 12986: 12983: 12979: 12976: 12973: 12969: 12966: 12963: 12959: 12958:Calcium oxide 12956: 12953: 12949: 12948:Cadmium oxide 12946: 12943: 12939: 12936: 12933: 12929: 12926: 12923: 12919: 12916: 12913: 12909: 12906: 12903: 12899: 12896: 12895: 12893: 12889: 12879: 12875: 12872: 12866: 12862: 12859: 12853: 12849: 12846: 12840: 12836: 12833: 12827: 12823: 12820: 12814: 12810: 12807: 12801: 12797: 12796:Nitrous oxide 12794: 12788: 12784: 12781: 12775: 12771: 12770:Lithium oxide 12768: 12762: 12758: 12755: 12749: 12745: 12742: 12736: 12732: 12729: 12723: 12719: 12716: 12710: 12706: 12703: 12697: 12693: 12690: 12684: 12680: 12677: 12676: 12674: 12670: 12656: 12652: 12649: 12639: 12635: 12632: 12622: 12618: 12615: 12605: 12601: 12598: 12588: 12584: 12581: 12571: 12567: 12564: 12554: 12550: 12547: 12537: 12533: 12530: 12520: 12516: 12513: 12503: 12499: 12496: 12486: 12482: 12479: 12469: 12465: 12462: 12452: 12448: 12445: 12435: 12431: 12428: 12418: 12414: 12411: 12401: 12397: 12394: 12393: 12391: 12387: 12383: 12376: 12371: 12369: 12364: 12362: 12357: 12356: 12353: 12347: 12343: 12336: 12333: 12330: 12328: 12325: 12323: 12320: 12319: 12313: 12310: 12308: 12305: 12304: 12299: 12294: 12277: 12273: 12269: 12265: 12261: 12257: 12253: 12246: 12230: 12226: 12222: 12218: 12214: 12210: 12203: 12187: 12183: 12179: 12175: 12168: 12160: 12156: 12151: 12146: 12142: 12138: 12134: 12130: 12124: 12108: 12104: 12100: 12096: 12092: 12088: 12084: 12080: 12076: 12070: 12062: 12056: 12052: 12051: 12042: 12026: 12022: 12018: 12014: 12010: 12006: 11999: 11980: 11976: 11969: 11963: 11961: 11944: 11940: 11939: 11932: 11924: 11920: 11910: 11894: 11890: 11884: 11865: 11861: 11854: 11847: 11831: 11827: 11817: 11809: 11805: 11800: 11795: 11790: 11785: 11781: 11777: 11773: 11769: 11765: 11758: 11750: 11746: 11742: 11738: 11733: 11728: 11724: 11720: 11716: 11712: 11708: 11704: 11700: 11696: 11692: 11677: 11669: 11665: 11661: 11657: 11653: 11649: 11645: 11641: 11634: 11618: 11614: 11613: 11608: 11601: 11593: 11589: 11583: 11567: 11563: 11559: 11548: 11540: 11528: 11512: 11508: 11507: 11502: 11492: 11483: 11474: 11458: 11454: 11450: 11444: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11424: 11420: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11401: 11393: 11392: 11384: 11368: 11364: 11363:New Scientist 11360: 11353: 11345: 11341: 11331: 11315: 11311: 11310:New Scientist 11307: 11300: 11284: 11280: 11279: 11274: 11268: 11260: 11254: 11250: 11249: 11241: 11225: 11221: 11215: 11211: 11210: 11203: 11187: 11183: 11176: 11160: 11156: 11155: 11150: 11143: 11127: 11123: 11116: 11109: 11103: 11098: 11093: 11089: 11081: 11073: 11069: 11065: 11061: 11056: 11051: 11047: 11043: 11039: 11035: 11031: 11024: 11008: 11004: 11003: 10998: 10991: 10975: 10971: 10967: 10960: 10952: 10948: 10943: 10938: 10933: 10928: 10924: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10908: 10901: 10893: 10887: 10883: 10879: 10878: 10870: 10851: 10844: 10838: 10822: 10818: 10808: 10800: 10794: 10790: 10786: 10782: 10775: 10767: 10761: 10757: 10750: 10742: 10736: 10732: 10728: 10724: 10717: 10715: 10695: 10688: 10682: 10666: 10662: 10656: 10648: 10644: 10637: 10633: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10609: 10605: 10601: 10597: 10593: 10582: 10574: 10570: 10566: 10562: 10555: 10546: 10541: 10537: 10533: 10529: 10525: 10521: 10514: 10506: 10502: 10497: 10492: 10488: 10484: 10480: 10476: 10472: 10465: 10457: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10439: 10435: 10431: 10424: 10418: 10414: 10411: 10406: 10400: 10396: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10372: 10368: 10364: 10360: 10356: 10349: 10341: 10339:0-85403-617-2 10335: 10328: 10327: 10320: 10318: 10310: 10306: 10302: 10298: 10294: 10290: 10286: 10282: 10278: 10275:(2): 024033. 10274: 10270: 10266: 10255: 10239: 10235: 10228: 10218: 10213: 10208: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10191: 10187: 10183: 10176: 10160: 10156: 10146: 10131: 10127: 10120: 10104: 10100: 10094: 10086: 10080: 10076: 10072: 10071: 10066: 10060: 10051: 10046: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10030: 10026: 10019: 10012: 10008: 10005: 10001: 9997: 9994: 9988: 9973: 9969: 9962: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9942: 9938: 9934: 9930: 9926: 9922: 9918: 9907: 9891: 9887: 9883: 9877: 9861: 9857: 9855:9781107618763 9851: 9847: 9846: 9838: 9836: 9819: 9815: 9811: 9805: 9803: 9788: 9787: 9779: 9771: 9767: 9762: 9757: 9753: 9749: 9745: 9741: 9737: 9730: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9696: 9688: 9684: 9679: 9674: 9670: 9666: 9662: 9658: 9654: 9647: 9631: 9627: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9606: 9600: 9596: 9595: 9587: 9571: 9567: 9563: 9557: 9541: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9525: 9516: 9510: 9506: 9491: 9483: 9477: 9473: 9454: 9446: 9442: 9435: 9428: 9420: 9416: 9412: 9408: 9404: 9400: 9396: 9392: 9388: 9381: 9370: 9364: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9333: 9326: 9322: 9318: 9314: 9308: 9292: 9288: 9287:ThinkProgress 9284: 9273: 9265: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9247: 9243: 9239: 9235: 9231: 9224: 9209: 9205: 9199: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9165: 9159: 9151: 9147: 9143: 9139: 9135: 9131: 9116: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9085: 9077: 9073: 9069: 9065: 9060: 9055: 9051: 9047: 9043: 9039: 9035: 9024: 9008: 9004: 9000: 8996: 8992: 8988: 8977: 8958: 8951: 8944: 8928: 8924: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8901: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8875: 8871: 8867: 8863: 8857: 8855: 8835: 8831: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8813: 8809: 8805: 8801: 8794: 8779: 8777: 8768: 8762: 8746: 8739: 8731: 8725: 8709: 8702: 8693: 8689: 8685: 8679: 8671: 8667: 8661: 8659: 8642: 8638: 8637:esrl.noaa.gov 8634: 8624: 8616: 8612: 8611:InspectAPedia 8608: 8597: 8595: 8593: 8584: 8580: 8576: 8572: 8568: 8564: 8560: 8556: 8552: 8548: 8541: 8533: 8529: 8525: 8521: 8517: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8497: 8490: 8483: 8467: 8463: 8459: 8453: 8445: 8441: 8437: 8433: 8429: 8425: 8421: 8417: 8406: 8398: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8367: 8359: 8355: 8351: 8347: 8343: 8339: 8335: 8331: 8327: 8323: 8316: 8308: 8304: 8300: 8296: 8292: 8288: 8277: 8269: 8265: 8261: 8257: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8241: 8230: 8221: 8216: 8212: 8208: 8204: 8193: 8174: 8170: 8166: 8162: 8158: 8154: 8150: 8145: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8117: 8106: 8095: 8091: 8087: 8083: 8079: 8075: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8056: 8049: 8033: 8029: 8022: 8014: 8010: 8006: 8000: 7996: 7989: 7982: 7978: 7974: 7969: 7964: 7959: 7954: 7950: 7946: 7942: 7938: 7934: 7927: 7919: 7917:9780471457282 7913: 7909: 7902: 7900: 7891: 7889:9780072406559 7885: 7881: 7880:Heat Transfer 7874: 7872: 7863: 7859: 7855: 7851: 7847: 7843: 7839: 7835: 7831: 7827: 7820: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7775: 7771: 7767: 7763: 7759: 7754: 7749: 7745: 7741: 7737: 7733: 7726: 7719: 7711: 7705: 7701: 7694: 7686: 7682: 7678: 7674: 7670: 7666: 7662: 7658: 7651: 7643: 7637: 7633: 7626: 7617: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7592: 7588: 7577: 7575: 7566: 7562: 7558: 7554: 7550: 7546: 7542: 7538: 7527: 7519: 7513: 7509: 7502: 7494: 7488: 7484: 7480: 7476: 7470: 7468: 7451: 7447: 7441: 7437: 7436: 7428: 7426: 7406: 7399: 7392: 7381: 7377: 7370: 7366: 7360: 7344: 7340: 7336: 7330: 7322: 7316: 7312: 7311: 7303: 7296: 7292: 7286: 7271:. 3 June 2022 7270: 7266: 7260: 7245: 7243:9781107618763 7239: 7235: 7234: 7226: 7210: 7206: 7200: 7184: 7180: 7174: 7170: 7166: 7162: 7161: 7154: 7135: 7131: 7130: 7122: 7116: 7097: 7093: 7086: 7080: 7072: 7068: 7064: 7058: 7050: 7046: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6991: 6983: 6979: 6972: 6964: 6960: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6937: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6925: 6923: 6921: 6901: 6897: 6890: 6884: 6882: 6880: 6875: 6859: 6853: 6847: 6843: 6831: 6828: 6825: 6821: 6818: 6815: 6812: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6799: 6796: 6789: 6788:Gilbert Plass 6786: 6783: 6780: 6774: 6771: 6768: 6765: 6764: 6759: 6748: 6741: 6739: 6735: 6731: 6726: 6720: 6716: 6712: 6708: 6703: 6701: 6697: 6696:sulfuric acid 6693: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6657: 6652: 6650: 6645: 6641: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6621: 6612: 6610: 6605: 6599: 6582: 6580: 6575: 6573: 6569: 6565: 6561: 6556: 6551: 6549: 6545: 6544:lasing medium 6538: 6533: 6524: 6518: 6510: 6506: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6464: 6460: 6455: 6453: 6444: 6439: 6435: 6425: 6419: 6414: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6387: 6377: 6367: 6365: 6360: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6345:supercritical 6342: 6332: 6330: 6316: 6314: 6309: 6307: 6302: 6289: 6279: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6261: 6258: 6254: 6251: 6247: 6241: 6237: 6223: 6216: 6211: 6209: 6205: 6201: 6187: 6178: 6176: 6172: 6168: 6164: 6160: 6156: 6152: 6144: 6140: 6136: 6132: 6126: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6093: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6070: 6068: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6052: 6048: 6044: 6040: 6036: 6032: 6023: 6014: 6012: 6011:somatosensory 6008: 6005:leading to a 6004: 6003:carbonic acid 6000: 5995: 5993: 5989: 5985: 5982: 5972: 5970: 5966: 5962: 5961:baking powder 5958: 5957:Baker's yeast 5954: 5950: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5931: 5929: 5925: 5921: 5920:food additive 5912: 5903: 5901: 5897: 5893: 5878: 5863: 5861: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5839: 5828: 5819: 5815: 5812:This section 5810: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5794: 5785: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5742: 5741:carbonic acid 5717: 5716: 5715: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5680: 5679: 5678: 5676: 5675:calcium oxide 5672: 5668: 5651: 5649: 5645: 5641: 5637: 5633: 5629: 5612:+ 3 CO → 3 CO 5602: 5601: 5600: 5598: 5594: 5593:blast furnace 5590: 5586: 5561: 5560: 5559: 5557: 5553: 5549: 5545: 5541: 5537: 5533: 5529: 5525: 5515: 5513: 5503: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5460: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5452: 5448: 5444: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5431:carbohydrates 5424: 5390: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5366: 5362: 5358: 5354: 5339: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5300: 5299: 5298: 5271: 5270: 5269: 5265: 5251: 5247: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5213: 5212:precipitation 5202: 5193: 5184: 5179: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5152: 5148: 5135: 5133: 5129: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5101: 5085: 5081: 5066: 5065:carbonic acid 5062: 5054: 5046: 5042: 5038: 5034: 5027: 5021: 5015: 4969: 4965: 4947: 4940: 4936: 4928: 4924: 4912: 4910: 4902: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4877: 4871: 4867: 4859: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4842: 4840: 4836: 4835:deforestation 4832: 4824: 4820: 4806: 4804: 4800: 4796: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4756: 4748: 4740: 4739:Keeling Curve 4736: 4727: 4720: 4713: 4698: 4691: 4682: 4680: 4676: 4670: 4668: 4664: 4660: 4651: 4649: 4645: 4635: 4633: 4625: 4617: 4609: 4605: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4588: 4584: 4583: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4532: 4528: 4527: 4526: 4514: 4512: 4508: 4504: 4503:venous system 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4478: 4476: 4475:gas pressures 4470: 4469: 4465: 4462: 4459: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4447: 4444: 4440: 4437: 4436: 4432: 4426:(abbreviated 4425: 4421: 4406: 4404: 4400: 4396: 4380: 4376: 4366: 4346: 4344: 4336: 4326: 4315: 4313: 4309: 4305: 4301: 4297: 4292: 4289: 4277: 4266: 4258: 4253: 4239: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4228: 4227: 4223: 4220: 4219: 4215: 4212: 4211: 4207: 4204: 4201: 4200: 4196: 4193: 4192: 4188: 4185: 4184: 4180: 4178:Concentration 4177: 4176: 4166: 4153: 4134: 4112: 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4086: 4082: 4078: 4069: 4065: 4062: 4061: 4055: 4051: 4043: 4037: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4024:by using the 4023: 4019: 4015: 4006: 3999: 3994: 3989: 3979: 3969: 3956: 3947: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3928: 3926: 3918: 3914: 3905: 3883: 3879: 3874: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3837:nucleic acids 3834: 3830: 3826: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3779: 3775: 3768: 3763: 3754: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3709: 3706: 3703: 3700: 3697: 3694: 3691: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3680: 3677: 3674: 3671: 3668: 3665: 3662: 3661: 3657: 3654: 3651: 3648: 3645: 3642: 3639: 3636: 3635: 3631: 3628: 3625: 3622: 3619: 3616: 3613: 3610: 3609: 3605: 3602: 3599: 3596: 3593: 3590: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3579: 3576: 3573: 3570: 3567: 3564: 3561: 3558: 3557: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3544: 3541: 3538: 3535: 3532: 3531: 3527: 3524: 3521: 3518: 3515: 3512: 3509: 3506: 3505: 3501: 3498: 3495: 3492: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3480: 3479: 3475: 3472: 3469: 3466: 3463: 3460: 3457: 3454: 3453: 3449: 3446: 3443: 3440: 3437: 3434: 3431: 3428: 3427: 3423: 3420: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3408: 3405: 3402: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3391: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3371: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3359: 3356: 3353: 3350: 3347: 3346: 3343: 3331: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3319: 3316: 3313: 3312: 3308: 3305: 3302: 3299: 3296: 3293: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3282: 3279: 3276: 3273: 3270: 3267: 3264: 3263: 3259: 3256: 3253: 3250: 3247: 3244: 3241: 3240: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3218: 3217: 3213: 3210: 3207: 3204: 3201: 3198: 3195: 3194: 3190: 3187: 3184: 3181: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3164: 3161: 3158: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3148: 3144: 3141: 3138: 3135: 3132: 3129: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3110: 3107: 3104: 3101: 3098: 3095: 3092: 3091:Specific heat 3089: 3086: 3083: 3080: 3077: 3076: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3048:diamond anvil 3045: 3037: 3033: 3032: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3004: 3003:phase diagram 2999: 2995: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2978:(5.11177(99) 2977: 2972: 2970: 2966: 2957: 2952: 2935: 2930: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2904: 2903: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2888:cyanobacteria 2885: 2881: 2877: 2875: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2845: 2844: 2843: 2841: 2832: 2826: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2778: 2777: 2776: 2774: 2767:react with CO 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2747:is used in CO 2746: 2742: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2712: 2695: 2678: 2673: 2656: 2634: 2630: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2612: 2600: 2593: 2590: 2567: 2566: 2565: 2551: 2547: 2542: 2537: 2530: 2523:remains as CO 2480: 2468: 2456: 2443: 2423: 2405: 2400: 2385: 2345: 2337: 2329: 2328: 2327: 2321: 2271: 2258: 2238: 2220: 2215: 2200: 2194: 2186: 2178: 2177: 2176: 2174: 2163: 2156: 2153: 2131: 2130: 2129: 2115: 2111: 2106: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2080: 2064: 2044: 2021: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2007: 2004: 1978: 1955: 1942: 1927: 1916: 1908: 1907: 1906: 1904: 1879: 1878: 1877: 1875: 1860: 1854: 1853:Carbonic acid 1844: 1842: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1826: 1821: 1819: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1786: 1782: 1778: 1776: 1772: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1756: 1752: 1748: 1742: 1732: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1683:of sugars in 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1661: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1595: 1593: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1569: 1565: 1564:carbohydrates 1561: 1557: 1553: 1552:cyanobacteria 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1536:concentration 1532: 1530: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1511: 1506: 1504: 1497: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1424:double bonded 1422: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1382: 1375: 1370: 1353: 1347: 1344: 1340: 1335: 1329: 1326: 1324: 1321: 1319: 1318:Carbonic acid 1316: 1315: 1313: 1308: 1307: 1304: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1289: 1288: 1282: 1279: 1277: 1274: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1257: 1254: 1252: 1249: 1247: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1236: 1233: 1228: 1227: 1221: 1218: 1216: 1213: 1211: 1208: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1197: 1196: 1191: 1188: 1187:Sigma-Aldrich 1185: 1182: 1179: 1178: 1166: 1162: 1158: 1157: 1137: 1134:(Recommended) 1133: 1129: 1128: 1116: 1113:(Permissible) 1112: 1108: 1107: 1103: 1102: 1097: 1081: 1077: 1068: 1067: 1063: 1059: 1052: 1045: 1038: 1031: 1007: 1004: 1003: 999: 998: 993: 988: 983: 980: 977: 973: 972: 969:Pharmacology 967: 959: 951: 943: 937: 936: 928: 920: 915: 909: 908: 900: 895: 890: 889:Heat capacity 886: 885: 880: 877: 874: 871: 867: 866: 862: 859: 855: 854: 849: 841: 838: 837:Dipole moment 834: 833: 822: 819: 818: 816: 814: 811: 810: 806: 799: 795: 791: 790: 782: 780: 777: 776: 768: 764: 760: 759: 752: 743: 734: 728: 727:Carbonic acid 725: 719: 715: 712: 711: 707: 705: 702: 701: 693: 690: 686: 685: 681: 678: 672: 671: 667: 664: 660: 656: 653: 652: 641: 634: 627: 626: 624: 622: 619: 618: 611: 608: 607: 605: 603: 600: 599: 595: 592: 591: 584: 582: 579: 578: 566: 563: 559: 558: 553: 544: 539: 538: 535: 528: 514: 504: 503: 500: 493: 485: 481: 480:DTXSID4027028 477: 476: 474: 464: 460: 459: 455: 453: 450: 449: 442: 438: 437: 435: 433: 430: 429: 422: 421: 419: 417: 414: 413: 406: 402: 401: 399: 393: 389: 388: 384: 380: 378: 375: 374: 367: 363: 362: 360: 358: 355: 354: 350: 347: 343: 342: 339: 335: 333: 328: 327: 320: 319: 317: 315: 310: 309: 305: 301: 298: 296: 294:ECHA InfoCard 291: 290: 283: 279: 278: 276: 274: 271: 270: 263: 262:ChEMBL1231871 259: 258: 256: 254: 251: 250: 243: 239: 238: 236: 234: 231: 230: 226: 223: 219: 218: 211: 207: 206: 204: 201: 200: 193: 189: 186: 182: 181: 179: 175: 170: 169: 162: 158: 157: 155: 152: 148: 147: 142: 135:(solid phase) 134: 131: 128: 125: 121: 118: 115: 112: 109: 106: 103: 102: 97: 91: 87: 82: 71: 67: 61: 57: 56: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 20201:Refrigerants 19247: 18956: 18939:Spectroscopy 18793:Astrobiology 18646:Formaldehyde 18538:Benzonitrile 18329:Acetaldehyde 18284:Methanethiol 18235:Acetonitrile 18140:Carbodiimide 18019:Formaldehyde 18014:Cyanoethynyl 17865:Iron cyanide 17860:Hydroperoxyl 17797: 17661:Nitric oxide 17495: 17483: 17471: 17452: 17285:Carbon cycle 17242:Measurements 16937:Society and 16821:carbon sinks 16726:Climate debt 16716:Carbon price 16538:Human rights 16373:Season creep 16331:heat content 16257:Anoxic event 16170:James Hansen 15919:Bicarbonates 15717: 15638:Dicarbonates 15624:Bicarbonates 15198: 14258:Lead dioxide 14100: 13175:Radium oxide 13125:Nitric oxide 12908:Barium oxide 12861:Sodium oxide 12835:Silver oxide 12297: 12259: 12255: 12245: 12233:. 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Retrieved 8126: 8122: 8105: 8094:the original 8065: 8061: 8048: 8036:. Retrieved 8021: 7994: 7988: 7980: 7940: 7936: 7926: 7907: 7879: 7829: 7825: 7819: 7807:. Retrieved 7793: 7781:. Retrieved 7735: 7731: 7718: 7699: 7693: 7660: 7656: 7650: 7631: 7625: 7590: 7587:J Mol Struct 7586: 7543:(17): 3755. 7540: 7536: 7526: 7507: 7501: 7478: 7475:Greenwood NN 7454:. Retrieved 7434: 7412:. Retrieved 7391: 7375: 7359: 7347:. Retrieved 7338: 7329: 7309: 7302: 7289:IPCC (2022) 7285: 7273:. Retrieved 7269:www.noaa.gov 7268: 7259: 7247:. Retrieved 7232: 7225: 7213:. Retrieved 7208: 7199: 7187:. Retrieved 7159: 7153: 7141:. Retrieved 7134:the original 7127: 7115: 7103:. Retrieved 7091: 7079: 7066: 7057: 7000: 6996: 6990: 6984:. Data book. 6981: 6977: 6971: 6946: 6942: 6907:. Retrieved 6900:the original 6896:Air Products 6895: 6858: 6846: 6727: 6707:Humphry Davy 6704: 6699: 6691: 6682:), it would 6660:Joseph Black 6653: 6648: 6629: 6611:techniques. 6606: 6583: 6576: 6560:reef aquaria 6552: 6541: 6485:more than CO 6456: 6452:refrigerants 6449: 6424:into fuels. 6415: 6396: 6379: 6361: 6338: 6322: 6310: 6303: 6285: 6272:dry cleaners 6257:decaffeinate 6243: 6212: 6196: 6175:coffee beans 6127: 6099: 6091: 6071: 6047:fermentation 6028: 5996: 5978: 5951: 5932: 5917: 5896:spider mites 5884: 5864: 5841: 5822: 5818:adding to it 5813: 5791: 5783: 5738: 5693: 5665:by heating ( 5657: 5625: 5595:, producing 5583: 5521: 5512:distillation 5509: 5500:landfill gas 5490: 5420: 5353:fermentation 5350: 5327: 5325: 5295: 5266: 5227:foraminifera 5197: 5169:burning and 5100:hydrogen ion 5031: 4976: 4964:Carbon cycle 4878: 4843: 4833:production, 4819:fossil fuels 4807: 4767:carbon cycle 4752: 4712:Carbon cycle 4683: 4671: 4652: 4641: 4602: 4587:blood plasma 4520: 4500: 4372: 4347: 4332: 4316: 4293: 4269: 4154: 4118: 4090: 4038: 4034:asphyxiation 4007: 4003: 3968:carbon sinks 3948: 3929: 3906: 3891: 3852: 3829:biosynthesis 3823: 3820: 3798: 3772: 3767:Calvin cycle 3720: 3337: 3120:Bulk modulus 3093:(kJ/(kg⋅K)) 3071: 3060: 3036:supercooling 3029: 3018:triple point 3008: 2973: 2962: 2933: 2928: 2915: 2907: 2878: 2865: 2859: 2833: 2823:serves as a 2814: 2773:carboxylates 2759:provided by 2729:benzaldehyde 2725:electrophile 2723:is a potent 2718: 2674: 2638: 2619: 2607: 2598: 2591: 2543: 2535: 2528: 2518: 2319: 2298: 2172: 2171:This is the 2170: 2161: 2154: 2107: 2103:Bjerrum plot 2063:deprotonated 2045: 2038: 1900: 1856: 1822: 1794: 1744: 1714: 1681:fermentation 1662: 1607:carbon sinks 1596: 1533: 1521:fossil fuels 1515:at 421 1507: 1432:carbon cycle 1403: 1392: 1391: 1256:Lead dioxide 1100: 1086:ppm (162,000 1061: 1001: 949: 918: 893: 797: 750: 741: 732: 717: 662: 658: 416:RTECS number 144:Identifiers 119:Methanedione 99:Other names 36: 20196:Propellants 18913:Outer space 18823:Cosmic dust 18788:Abiogenesis 18700:Unconfirmed 18656:Heavy water 18496:Ethanethiol 18411:Cyanoallene 18401:Acetic acid 18371:Methylamine 18255:Diacetylene 18170:Formic acid 18160:Cyanomethyl 17818:Diazenylium 17808:CCP radical 17684:(molecular) 17668:(molecular) 17637:(molecular) 17312:Carbon sink 17290:atmospheric 17155:video games 16829:Blue carbon 16462:Agriculture 16441:Marine life 16388:Water cycle 16346:temperature 16081:Fossil fuel 15852:Thiocyanate 15829:Carbon ions 15124:Oxypnictide 14524:Tin dioxide 12346:refrigerant 12262:: 249–257. 12235:15 November 12192:1 September 12184:: 194–196. 12143:: 199–205. 12089:: 147–264. 12075:Priestley J 12048:History of 11336:"What is CO 10859:4 September 10703:4 September 10671:22 November 10244:21 November 10236:. Oceanus. 10109:9 September 9896:18 December 8843:11 December 8761:cite report 8724:cite report 8472:10 November 7809:21 November 7616:2142/107329 7414:10 December 7215:5 September 7189:29 February 6949:(6): 1519. 6738:suffocating 6684:precipitate 6434:Refrigerant 6428:Refrigerant 6189:Use of a CO 6169:and in the 6114:MIG welding 5984:soft drinks 5965:baking soda 5945:; 580 5881:Agriculture 5877:emissions. 5644:soft drinks 5536:natural gas 5435:fatty acids 5246:dissolution 5231:crustaceans 5171:agriculture 5167:fossil fuel 5080:dissociates 5014:carbon sink 4850:wavelengths 4679:oxygen mask 4648:capillaries 4632:Bohr effect 4531:bicarbonate 4395:Lake Monoun 4247:Ventilation 4232:Drowsiness 4030:hypercapnia 3932:metabolites 3841:food chains 3825:Phototrophs 3778:energy-rich 3739:vertebrates 3727:amino acids 3360:(kg/(m⋅s)) 3329:0.279 × 10 3079:Temperature 2527:molecules, 2079:bicarbonate 1729:sublimation 1653:, and when 1647:hot springs 1635:natural gas 1623:sequestered 1584:respiration 1540:Precambrian 1480:bicarbonate 1478:and mainly 1460:groundwater 1442:source for 1251:Tin dioxide 1171:ppm (72,000 1150:ppm (54,000 1062:Lethal dose 675:Sublimation 593:Appearance 555:Properties 300:100.004.271 242:CHEBI:16526 124:refrigerant 20191:Oxocarbons 20135:Categories 18828:Cosmic ray 18770:Silylidyne 18733:Hemolithin 18708:Anthracene 18625:Deuterated 18606:Pyrimidine 18416:Ethanimine 18279:Ketenimine 18135:Butadiynyl 17959:Thioformyl 17813:Chloronium 17344:Cryosphere 17305:permafrost 17077:Resilience 17029:Adaptation 17004:Litigation 16994:Governance 16939:adaptation 16721:Carbon tax 16674:Mitigation 16611:Antarctica 16499:Disability 15924:Carbonates 15883:Fullerides 15629:Carbonates 15180:Oxocarbons 15119:Superoxide 13282:Zinc oxide 12113:11 October 12031:6 December 12009:The Lancet 11899:11 October 11623:11 October 11340:stunning?" 11230:9 November 11192:27 October 11132:27 October 11013:10 October 10980:10 October 10798:3527306730 10165:10 October 10135:8 February 10065:Atkins, P. 9657:J. Physiol 9636:12 October 9297:14 October 9038:Indoor Air 9030:"Indoor CO 9013:19 October 8933:19 October 8462:World Bank 8182:27 October 7783:6 December 7593:: 128087. 7456:3 December 7349:10 October 7249:9 November 7092:AirGas.com 6870:References 6658:physician 6527:Minor uses 6432:See also: 6407:isobutanol 6250:lipophilic 6234:See also: 6230:as solvent 6137:; 59 6133:(870 6067:Beaujolais 6055:grape must 6039:winemaking 6017:Winemaking 6013:response. 5988:soda water 5981:carbonated 5928:INS number 5892:whiteflies 5836:See also: 5686:→ CaO + CO 5530:, such as 5524:combustion 5518:Combustion 5373:bioethanol 5367:and other 5342:Production 5250:saturating 5126:, such as 5061:atmosphere 4706:Atmosphere 4675:air hunger 4616:allosteric 4604:Hemoglobin 4593:hemoglobin 4343:combustion 4329:Indoor air 4221:10,000 ppm 3986:See also: 3940:flavonoids 3925:ecosystems 3743:amphibians 3731:metabolism 3707:7.12 × 10 3701:5.10 × 10 3698:3.37 × 10 3681:6.37 × 10 3675:4.55 × 10 3672:3.21 × 10 3655:5.63 × 10 3649:4.03 × 10 3646:3.05 × 10 3629:4.97 × 10 3623:3.54 × 10 3620:2.88 × 10 3603:4.48 × 10 3597:3.00 × 10 3594:2.68 × 10 3577:3.75 × 10 3571:2.57 × 10 3568:2.51 × 10 3551:3.08 × 10 3545:2.17 × 10 3542:2.33 × 10 3525:2.48 × 10 3519:1.79 × 10 3516:2.13 × 10 3499:1.95 × 10 3493:1.44 × 10 3490:1.93 × 10 3473:1.48 × 10 3467:1.12 × 10 3464:1.72 × 10 3447:1.06 × 10 3441:8.32 × 10 3438:1.50 × 10 3421:7.40 × 10 3415:5.81 × 10 3412:1.26 × 10 3395:5.92 × 10 3389:4.49 × 10 3386:1.11 × 10 3323:8.00 × 10 3309:1.40 × 10 3303:2.22 × 10 3297:9.10 × 10 3280:3.61 × 10 3274:1.01 × 10 3257:4.58 × 10 3251:1.08 × 10 3234:5.13 × 10 3228:1.13 × 10 3211:5.45 × 10 3205:1.15 × 10 3188:5.27 × 10 3182:1.17 × 10 3165:4.81 × 10 3159:1.18 × 10 3142:4.02 × 10 3136:1.19 × 10 3105:(W/(m⋅K)) 2792:where M = 2757:carbanions 2745:carbamates 2546:amphoteric 2061:, and the 1851:See also: 1813:wavenumber 1805:degenerate 1739:See also: 1705:soda water 1605:and ocean 1421:covalently 905:J/(K·mol) 851:Structure 677:conditions 581:Molar mass 441:142M471B3J 273:ChemSpider 172:3D model ( 151:CAS Number 90:IUPAC name 18760:Phosphine 18628:molecules 18561:fullerene 18461:Acetamide 18265:Formamide 18145:Cyanamide 17999:Acetylene 17974:Tricarbon 17885:Methylene 17870:Isoformyl 17775:Triatomic 17548:Molecules 17359:Feedbacks 17130:Education 16631:Caribbean 16626:Australia 16553:Migration 16516:Fisheries 16467:Livestock 16393:Wildfires 16299:Heat wave 15857:Fulminate 15701:Compounds 15094:Oxocarbon 12103:186210131 11988:13 August 11749:247160910 11723:1755-4349 11537:ignored ( 11527:cite book 11517:2 January 10725:. Wiley. 10505:221369828 10456:214271838 10309:Figure 1f 10305:255431338 10297:1748-9326 9945:0148-0227 9792:24 August 9719:20 August 9594:Chemistry 9546:2 January 9419:111182451 9411:0143-6244 9188:10 August 9175:1041-2336 9076:219915861 8966:26 August 8139:CiteSeerX 8013:845654016 7685:216557447 7565:250782825 7209:CO2 Meter 7025:0021-9614 6730:Blackdamp 6676:limewater 6664:limestone 6517:U.S. Army 6509:Coca-Cola 6390:biodiesel 6357:crude oil 6248:for many 6155:paintball 6143:Aluminium 6096:Inert gas 6037:phase in 6035:cold soak 5975:Beverages 5941:(40 5935:Pop Rocks 5825:July 2014 5704:limestone 5671:quicklime 5667:calcining 5328:Champagne 5151:upwelling 5059:from the 4949:Annual CO 4841:burning. 4759:trace gas 4599:compounds 4597:carbamino 4571:→ H + HCO 4473:pulmonary 4471:Alveolar 4403:Lake Nyos 4308:Davy lamp 4296:blackdamp 4213:5,000 ppm 4105:submarine 4077:Apollo 13 3867:limestone 3444:0.016572 3418:0.012884 3392:0.010805 3065:known as 3038:heated CO 3026:amorphous 3014:pressures 2613:known as 2550:carbonate 2406:− 2221:− 2095:carbonate 2019:− 2011:× 1874:weak acid 1830:ab initio 1799:has four 1787:of the CO 1771:carbonyls 1717:liquefied 1643:volcanoes 1631:petroleum 1611:wildfires 1510:trace gas 1476:carbonate 1413:molecules 1399:with the 1303:Oxocarbon 1142:ppm (9000 1121:ppm (9000 942:formation 912:Std molar 863:Trigonal 813:Viscosity 452:UN number 423:FF6400000 321:204-696-9 313:EC Number 20156:Coolants 18747:Linear C 18728:Graphene 18640:Ammonium 18441:Acrolein 18304:Propynal 18289:Methanol 18260:Ethylene 18129:Ammonium 17904:Nitroxyl 17728:Sulfanyl 17672:Imidogen 17666:Nitrogen 17635:Hydrogen 17580:Argonium 17557:Diatomic 17485:Glossary 17473:Category 17295:biologic 17009:Politics 16901:Personal 16606:Americas 16479:Children 16245:Physical 16038:Overview 15978:Overview 15904:Nitrides 15836:Carbides 15566:Polymers 15114:Peroxide 15104:Oxyanion 15099:Suboxide 12229:Archived 12186:Archived 12131:(1823). 12107:Archived 12025:Archived 11979:Archived 11977:. 2020. 11943:Archived 11893:Archived 11873:30 March 11808:35058361 11741:35228690 11683:"Fast CO 11660:19915552 11617:Archived 11511:Archived 11457:Archived 11435:32065173 11367:Archived 11314:Archived 11289:29 March 11283:Archived 11224:Archived 11186:Archived 11159:Archived 11126:Archived 11064:17671477 11007:Archived 10951:25309898 10821:Archived 10694:Archived 10665:Archived 10636:16959888 10413:Archived 10399:31819102 10238:Archived 10159:Archived 10130:phys.org 10103:Archived 10007:Archived 9996:Archived 9953:19674607 9890:Archived 9866:14 March 9860:Archived 9818:Archived 9714:29494063 9687:21521758 9576:30 April 9540:Archived 9447:(3): 71. 9347:Archived 9317:BBC News 9291:Archived 9264:26502459 9179:Archived 9169:. 2018. 9150:15893291 9099:Archived 9068:32557862 8927:Archived 8900:26502459 8862:Allen JG 8830:23008272 8647:20 April 8641:Archived 8575:11030643 8524:18784722 8444:15587703 8358:52262618 8307:16074723 8268:33415877 8260:15012276 8173:Archived 8161:16809532 8090:19200429 8032:Archived 7977:15067115 7854:16778885 7803:Archived 7774:Archived 7770:14356014 7762:22116300 7677:32338511 7450:Archived 7405:Archived 7380:Archived 7367:(2021). 7343:Archived 7183:Archived 7105:4 August 7096:Archived 7073:(NIOSH). 7051:(NIOSH). 7003:: 7–15. 6909:28 April 6852:molecule 6830:Soil gas 6744:See also 6656:Scottish 6640:charcoal 6634:chemist 6489:does. CO 6461:(R12, a 6349:miscible 6331:engine. 6306:Carbogen 6276:aerogels 6151:air guns 6129:60 6078:nitrogen 6049:by wild 5992:real ale 5924:E number 5848:methanol 5708:dolomite 5630:and the 5597:pig iron 5548:kerosene 5540:gasoline 5439:proteins 5235:mollusks 5159:nitrogen 5128:mollusks 5120:alkaline 5116:seawater 5098:) and a 5078:) which 5053:) levels 4939:Triassic 4935:Devonian 4829:include 4507:arteries 4492:4.7–6.0 4463:5.5–6.8 4399:Cameroon 4115:Below 1% 4109:acidosis 4101:acidosis 3982:Toxicity 3934:such as 3882:respired 3865:such as 3600:0.04311 3574:0.03821 3548:0.03352 3522:0.02897 3496:0.02461 3470:0.02047 3199:1032.39 3176:1076.76 3153:1117.77 3130:1156.34 3031:carbonia 2988:sublimes 2984:deposits 2803:and R = 2771:to give 2743:to make 2604:= 10.329 2320:apparent 2110:diprotic 1769:such as 1747:symmetry 1658:dissolve 1560:sunlight 1508:It is a 1472:seawater 1468:ice caps 1291:Related 1138:TWA 5000 1117:TWA 5000 1002:NFPA 704 995:Hazards 990:) 976:ATC code 933:J·mol·K 807:1.00045 769:−20.5·10 765:(χ) 756:= 10.33 331:E number 227:1900390 161:124-38-9 20120:more... 18893:Kerogen 18780:Related 18723:Glycine 18676:Propyne 18635:Ammonia 18533:Benzene 18528:Acetone 18520:or more 18491:Propene 18476:Ethanol 18366:Propyne 18185:Methane 18054:Ketenyl 18004:Ammonia 17300:oceanic 17150:fiction 16999:Justice 16950:Society 16558:Poverty 16277:Drought 16145:History 16069:Sources 15847:Cyanate 15842:Cyanide 15109:Ozonide 15087:Related 12264:Bibcode 11836:2 March 11799:8795565 11776:Bibcode 11732:7612589 11703:Bibcode 11668:1492698 11463:28 June 11427:3989858 11373:24 June 11320:24 June 11165:13 June 11072:9845813 11042:Bibcode 10942:4174133 10919:Bibcode 10882:976–977 10827:24 June 10627:1599929 10604:Bibcode 10569:Bibcode 10532:Bibcode 10483:Bibcode 10390:6901524 10367:Bibcode 10277:Bibcode 10194:Bibcode 10037:Bibcode 9925:Bibcode 9824:14 June 9770:9765173 9761:1114047 9678:3139085 9566:EPA.gov 9255:4892924 9213:12 June 9046:Bibcode 8923:Limits" 8891:4892924 8821:3548274 8583:1779934 8555:Bibcode 8547:Science 8532:4424430 8504:Bibcode 8424:Bibcode 8350:2641685 8330:Bibcode 8169:2232629 8131:Bibcode 8123:Science 8070:Bibcode 8038:12 June 7945:Bibcode 7862:4363092 7834:Bibcode 7595:Bibcode 7545:Bibcode 7275:14 June 7143:26 July 7129:Praxair 7045:"#0103" 7005:Bibcode 6951:Bibcode 6715:dry ice 6632:Flemish 6625:dry ice 6409:from CO 6313:mofette 6246:solvent 6110:brittle 6106:oxidize 6102:welding 6074:storage 6059:alcohol 6031:dry ice 5858:by the 5700:springs 5648:poultry 5552:propane 5532:methane 5526:of all 5423:aerobic 5385:ethanol 5357:brewing 5302:Ca + CO 5155:sea ice 5112:acidity 5082:into a 4885:methane 4839:biomass 4414:Content 4379:Tuscany 4312:methane 4202:700 ppm 4194:421 ppm 4186:280 ppm 4144:ppm) CO 4083:in the 4054:Swahili 3859:calcite 3810:from CO 3782:glucose 3735:aerobic 3704:0.0551 3692:0.6614 3678:0.0517 3666:0.7057 3652:0.0481 3640:0.7564 3626:0.0445 3614:0.8143 3588:0.8938 3562:0.9739 3536:1.0732 3510:1.1918 3484:1.3424 3458:1.5362 3432:1.7973 3406:2.1657 3380:2.4733 3326:0.0703 3317:597.81 3300:0.0872 3291:772.57 3277:0.0971 3268:860.03 3254:0.1045 3245:926.99 3231:0.1099 3222:983.38 3208:0.1151 3185:0.1116 3162:0.1011 3139:0.0855 3122:(K^-1) 3087:(kg/m) 3085:Density 2992:dry ice 2922:O → (CH 2898:from CO 2894:simple 2780:MR + CO 2629:github 1859:soluble 1757:of the 1721:dry ice 1701:seltzer 1651:geysers 1426:to two 1374:what is 1372: ( 1232:cations 984: ( 982:V03AN02 964:kJ·mol 914:entropy 783:0.01662 773:cm/mol 714:Acidity 621:Density 546:C(=O)=O 392:PubChem 133:Dry ice 122:R-744 ( 18944:Tholin 18765:Pyrene 18210:Silane 18180:Ketene 17682:Oxygen 17280:Albedo 17273:Theory 16984:Denial 16775:Energy 16636:Europe 16616:Arctic 16601:Africa 16526:Health 16521:Gender 16484:Cities 16409:Biomes 16316:Oceans 16304:Marine 16027:Causes 15899:Oxides 15693:carbon 12382:Oxides 12334:(NOAA) 12295:about 12276:115391 12274: 12159:107649 12157: 12129:Davy H 12101: 12057: 11949:2 June 11806: 11796: 11747: 11739: 11729: 11721: 11666: 11658: 11433: 11425: 11255: 11216: 11104: 11070: 11062: 11034:Nature 10949: 10939: 10917:: 79. 10888: 10795: 10762: 10737: 10634: 10624: 10503: 10454: 10397: 10387: 10336: 10303: 10295: 10081: 9977:13 May 9951: 9943: 9852: 9768: 9758: 9712: 9685: 9675: 9601: 9511: 9478: 9417: 9409: 9353:22 May 9262: 9252: 9173: 9148: 9105:22 May 9074: 9066: 9003:505623 9001: 8898: 8888: 8828: 8818: 8785:"Is CO 8581: 8573: 8530: 8522: 8496:Nature 8442: 8356: 8348: 8305: 8266: 8258: 8167: 8159: 8141: 8088: 8011: 8001: 7975: 7968:395966 7965: 7914: 7886: 7860: 7852: 7826:Nature 7768: 7760: 7706: 7683: 7675: 7638: 7563: 7514: 7489: 7442: 7317: 7240: 7175: 7023: 6596:. The 6572:corals 6319:Energy 6260:coffee 6069:wine. 6043:grapes 5930:290). 5616:+ 2 Fe 5556:oxygen 5544:diesel 5478:→ 6 CO 5437:, and 5408:+ 2 CH 5404:→ 2 CO 5365:whisky 5311:⇌ CaCO 5163:sulfur 5132:corals 4958:Oceans 4837:, and 4831:cement 4495:35–45 4466:41–51 4458:Venous 4304:canary 4300:miners 4288:ASHRAE 4206:ASHRAE 4142: 4060:mazuku 4052:. The 4012:is an 4000:in air 3857:whose 3804:enzyme 3794:oxygen 3710:0.716 3684:0.714 3658:0.717 3632:0.712 3606:0.668 3591:1.076 3580:0.685 3565:1.047 3554:0.702 3539:1.013 3528:0.721 3502:0.738 3487:0.942 3476:0.755 3435:0.871 3424:0.793 3409:0.804 3398:0.818 3383:0.783 3111:(m/s) 3099:(m/s) 2896:sugars 2884:plants 2882:(i.e. 2866:versus 2825:ligand 2741:amines 2611:enzyme 2108:Being 2081:) and 2065:forms 1755:length 1556:energy 1544:Plants 1470:, and 1440:carbon 1428:oxygen 1417:carbon 1369:verify 1366: 1296:oxides 1293:carbon 1230:Other 1201:anions 1199:Other 1183:(SDS) 1175:mg/m) 1173: 1169: 1167:40,000 1154:mg/m) 1152: 1148: 1144: 1140: 1125:mg/m) 1123: 1119: 1092: 1088: 1084: 1082:90,000 962: 960:−393.5 931: 903: 901:37.135 876:Linear 844: 825: 785: 771: 696: 644: 637: 630: 586:44.009 534:SMILES 366:D00004 253:ChEMBL 210:B01131 202:3DMet 84:Names 18930:(PAH) 18518:atoms 18453:atoms 18393:atoms 18391:Eight 18321:atoms 18319:Seven 18227:atoms 18121:atoms 17991:atoms 17979:Water 17909:Ozone 17851:(HNC) 17845:(HCN) 17497:Index 17259:Proxy 17019:Women 16494:Crime 16421:Birds 16287:Flood 12344:- as 12272:JSTOR 12155:JSTOR 12099:S2CID 11982:(PDF) 11971:(PDF) 11867:(PDF) 11856:(PDF) 11745:S2CID 11664:S2CID 11431:S2CID 11068:S2CID 10853:(PDF) 10846:(PDF) 10697:(PDF) 10690:(PDF) 10501:S2CID 10452:S2CID 10440:(3). 10330:(PDF) 10301:S2CID 9949:S2CID 9437:(PDF) 9415:S2CID 9372:(PDF) 9182:(PDF) 9167:(PDF) 9124:and O 9072:S2CID 8960:(PDF) 8953:(PDF) 8837:(PDF) 8796:(PDF) 8751:2 May 8714:2 May 8579:S2CID 8528:S2CID 8492:(PDF) 8354:S2CID 8346:JSTOR 8303:S2CID 8264:S2CID 8176:(PDF) 8165:S2CID 8119:(PDF) 8097:(PDF) 8086:S2CID 8058:(PDF) 7858:S2CID 7777:(PDF) 7766:S2CID 7728:(PDF) 7681:S2CID 7561:S2CID 7408:(PDF) 7401:(PDF) 7383:(PDF) 7372:(PDF) 7137:(PDF) 7124:(PDF) 7099:(PDF) 7088:(PDF) 6903:(PDF) 6892:(PDF) 6838:Notes 6672:acids 6546:in a 6475:R134a 6386:algae 6288:apnea 6082:argon 6051:yeast 5969:acids 5906:Foods 5591:in a 5575:+ 2 H 5567:+ 2 O 5482:+ 6 H 5474:+ 6 O 5377:Yeast 5165:from 5041:ocean 4866:Earth 4783:Earth 4563:O → H 4533:ions 4450:mm Hg 4181:Note 4140:(1000 4044:by CO 3786:water 3695:1.17 3669:1.15 3643:1.13 3513:0.98 3450:0.77 3332:28.7 3320:36.4 3271:3.14 3260:2.38 3248:2.47 3225:2.18 3214:2.12 3202:2.05 3191:2.22 3179:1.97 3168:2.46 3156:1.88 3145:2.96 3133:1.84 3081:(°C) 2805:alkyl 2784:→ RCO 2552:ion ( 2141:⇌ HCO 1889:O ⇌ H 1699:like 1685:bread 1592:decay 1558:from 1548:algae 1464:lakes 1456:water 1419:atom 1395:is a 1101:NIOSH 1094:min) 738:= 3.6 642:1.977 541:O=C=O 499:InChI 336:E290 233:ChEBI 174:JSmol 18451:Nine 18119:Five 18029:HCCN 17989:Four 17949:SiNC 17082:Risk 16621:Asia 16213:2024 16208:2023 16203:2022 16198:2021 16193:2020 16188:2019 15838:, , 15640:and 15456:and 15312:and 12237:2015 12194:2017 12115:2007 12055:ISBN 12033:2019 11990:2021 11951:2020 11901:2007 11875:2021 11860:R744 11838:2022 11804:PMID 11737:PMID 11719:ISSN 11656:PMID 11625:2007 11574:2007 11539:help 11519:2017 11465:2021 11423:PMID 11375:2018 11322:2018 11291:2020 11253:ISBN 11232:2020 11214:ISBN 11194:2011 11167:2015 11134:2011 11102:ISBN 11060:PMID 11015:2011 10982:2011 10947:PMID 10886:ISBN 10861:2015 10829:2018 10793:ISBN 10760:ISBN 10735:ISBN 10705:2015 10673:2015 10632:PMID 10565:2004 10395:PMID 10334:ISBN 10293:ISSN 10246:2007 10167:2007 10137:2024 10111:2017 10079:ISBN 9979:2024 9941:ISSN 9898:2020 9886:NOAA 9868:2023 9850:ISBN 9826:2022 9794:2024 9766:PMID 9721:2022 9710:PMID 9683:PMID 9638:2007 9599:ISBN 9578:2009 9548:2017 9509:ISBN 9476:ISBN 9407:ISSN 9355:2021 9299:2019 9260:PMID 9215:2024 9190:2023 9171:ISSN 9146:PMID 9107:2021 9064:PMID 9015:2014 8999:PMID 8968:2014 8935:2014 8896:PMID 8845:2014 8826:PMID 8767:link 8753:2008 8730:link 8716:2008 8649:2007 8571:PMID 8520:PMID 8474:2007 8440:PMID 8379:and 8256:PMID 8238:?". 8184:2017 8157:PMID 8040:2007 8009:OCLC 7999:ISBN 7973:PMID 7912:ISBN 7884:ISBN 7850:PMID 7811:2020 7785:2019 7758:PMID 7704:ISBN 7673:PMID 7636:ISBN 7591:1212 7512:ISBN 7487:ISBN 7458:2019 7440:ISBN 7416:2021 7365:IPCC 7351:2011 7315:ISBN 7277:2022 7251:2020 7238:ISBN 7217:2023 7191:2016 7173:ISBN 7145:2018 7107:2018 7021:ISSN 6911:2017 6820:NASA 6734:damp 6709:and 6698:(or 6477:, a 6436:and 6405:and 6238:and 6116:, CO 6007:sour 5986:and 5963:and 5894:and 5844:urea 5771:→ CO 5739:The 5719:CaCO 5682:CaCO 5660:CaCO 5642:and 5640:beer 5589:coke 5585:Iron 5571:→ CO 5522:The 5457:is: 5449:and 5421:All 5383:and 5361:beer 5282:⇌ CO 5239:CaCO 5216:CaCO 5205:CaCO 5161:and 5149:and 5130:and 4966:and 4891:and 4773:and 4690:mmHg 4479:4.8 4042:Goma 3938:and 3917:FACE 3814:and 3747:fish 3689:800 3663:750 3637:700 3617:1.1 3611:650 3585:600 3559:550 3533:500 3507:450 3481:400 3461:0.9 3455:350 3429:300 3403:250 3377:220 3306:4.1 3283:2.8 3237:2.2 3219:−10 3196:−20 3173:−30 3150:−40 3127:−50 2886:and 2868:the 2860:The 2819:, CO 2809:aryl 2763:and 2675:The 2633:here 2578:⇌ CO 2173:true 2008:1.70 1901:The 1745:The 1693:wine 1691:and 1689:beer 1675:and 1633:and 1627:coal 1603:land 1586:. 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