286:, i.e. connecting the circulatory systems of young and old animal, leads to the rejuvenation of the old animal, including restoration of proper stem cell function. Similar experiments show that grafting old muscles into young hosts leads to their complete restoration, whereas grafting young muscles into old hosts does not. These experiments show that aging is mediated by systemic environment, rather than being an intrinsic cell property. Clinical trials based on transfusion of young blood were scheduled to begin in 2014. Another intervention that is gaining popularity is epigenetic reprogramming. Through the use of
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The technique brought him a great deal of money, although he was already independently wealthy. As his work fell out of favor, he went from being a highly respected surgeon to a subject of ridicule. By the early 1930s, over 500 men had been treated in France by his rejuvenation technique, and thousands more around the world, such as in a special clinic set up in
290:, aged cells can revert to a younger state. It has been demonstrated that reprogramming induces a youthful epigenetic state and can restore vision after injury. Only through reprogramming were stochastic epigenetic variations, which accumulate with age, successfully reversed, as demonstrated by a stochastic data-based clock.
444:
Yet another option involves cosmetic changes to the individual to create the appearance of youth. These are generally superficial and do little to make the person healthier or live longer, but the real improvement in a person's appearance may elevate their mood and have positive side effects normally
487:
scientific competition is under way to deliver on the mission of extending healthy human life. It directly accelerates the development of revolutionary new life extension therapies by awarding two cash prizes: one to the research team that breaks the world record for the oldest-ever mouse; and one
166:
was a French surgeon born in Russia who gained fame for his technique of grafting monkey testicle tissue on to the testicles of men while working in France in the 1920s and 1930s. This was one of the first medically accepted rejuvenation therapies (before he was proved to be wrong around 1930–1940).
488:
to the team that develops the most successful late-onset rejuvenation. Current Mprize winner for rejuvenation is Steven
Spindler. Caloric restriction (CR), the consumption of fewer calories while avoiding malnutrition, was applied as a robust method of decelerating aging and the development of
269:
to youthful levels have had considerable success in partially rejuvenating laboratory animals and humans. A 2011 experiment involved breeding genetically manipulated mice that lacked an enzyme called telomerase, causing the mice to age prematurely and suffer ailments. When the mice were given
282:; 6. melatonin; 7. thyroid; 8. pregnenolone. In theory, if all or some of these hormones are replaced, the body will respond to them as it did when it was younger, thus repairing and restoring many body functions. In line with this, recent experiments show that heterochronic
1107:
Lu, Yuancheng; Brommer, Benedikt; Tian, Xiao; Krishnan, Anitha; Meer, Margarita; Wang, Chen; Vera, Daniel L.; Zeng, Qiurui; Yu, Doudou; Bonkowski, Michael S.; Yang, Jae-Hyun; Zhou, Songlin; Hoffmann, Emma M.; Karg, Margarete M.; Schultz, Michael B. (December 2020).
513:
has initiated a project, strategies for engineered negligible senescence (SENS), to study how to reverse the damage caused by aging. He has proposed seven strategies for what he calls the seven deadly sins of aging:
198:
are among the most well known examples of this, dealing with the short- and long-term effects of a near perfect 80-year-old to 20-year-old body change with mind intact. The less perfect rejuvenation featured in the
657:
and to eliminate telomerase-independent mechanisms of turning normal cells into "immortal" cancer cells. To compensate for the loss of telomerase in stem cells we would introduce new stem cells every decade or
156:, the mythical substance that, as it was believed, could not only turn lead into gold, but also prolong life and restore youth. Although the set goal was not achieved, alchemy paved the way to the
77:
An ancient
Chinese emperor actually sent out ships of young men and women to find a pearl that would rejuvenate him. This led to a myth among modern Chinese that Japan was founded by these people.
935:
Great balls of fire: from prehistory, men have tried implants and extracts from macho animals to cure impotence, but it was only relatively recently that they began to understand why they did so.
58:
that is associated with aging or replacement of damaged tissue with new tissue. Rejuvenation can be a means of life extension, but most life extension strategies do not involve rejuvenation.
2325:
468:
There are also, as commonly found throughout history, many fake rejuvenation products that have been shown to be ineffective. Chief among these are powders, sprays, gels, and
2345:
349:
using zinc finger endonucleases and to transplant the stem cells back into the patients. More recent efforts leverage CRISPR-Cas systems or adeno-associated viruses (AAVs).
270:
injections to reactivate the enzyme, it repaired the damaged tissues and reversed the signs of aging. There are at least eight important hormones that decline with age: 1.
453:
is a large industry offering treatments such as removal of wrinkles ("face lift"), removal of extra fat (liposuction) and reshaping or augmentation of various body parts (
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74:
power can bring back youth and many mythical adventurers set out on a journey to do that, for themselves, their relatives or some authority that sent them anonymously.
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1931:
103:. Led by the rumors, the expedition continued the search and many perished. The Fountain was nowhere to be found as locals were unaware of its exact location.
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mutations the plan is not to repair them but to prevent harm from the mutations by putting suitably modified copies of the mitochondrial genes into the
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substances that claim to contain growth hormones. Authentic growth hormones are only effective when injected, mainly due to the fact that the
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can be induced to correct and replace defective (or undesired) DNA sequences. The first applications of this technology are to isolate
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series have long-term or essentially infinite lifespans, and sheer boredom induces them to undertake activities of extreme risk.
630:. A copy of the mitochondrial DNA located in the nucleus will be better protected from free radicals, and there will be better
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Chen Y, Geng A, Zhang W, Qian Z, Wan X, Jiang Y, Mao Z (December 2020). "Fight to the bitter end: DNA repair and aging".
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Rejuvenation technology and its effects on individuals and society have long been a subject of science fiction. The
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results in long-term memory loss and sheer boredom that comes with extreme age. The post-mortal characters in the
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that break the links. But to break some of the cross-links we may need to develop enzymatic methods.
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1971:
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always made enormous efforts to find the secret of youth, both for themselves and for their noble
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2009:
1950:
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145:(sometimes literally sleeping, not necessarily having sex), bathing in or drinking their blood.
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Christmas Books: Believe it or not - Adam and Eve to bent spoons / Review of books on beliefs.
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Ending Aging: The
Rejuvenation Breakthroughs that Could Reverse Human Aging in Our Lifetime
1386:
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1121:
997:
984:
Jaskelioff M, Muller FL, Paik JH, Thomas E, Jiang S, Adams AC, et al. (January 2011).
948:"Lost lake shore drive: Mourning an era; Mansions of rich and famous yield to giant condos"
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709:
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1318:"Appendage regeneration in adult vertebrates and implications for regenerative medicine"
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986:"Telomerase reactivation reverses tissue degeneration in aged telomerase-deficient mice"
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1375:"Temporal linkage between the phenotypic and genomic responses to caloric restriction"
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80:
In some religions, people were to be rejuvenated after death prior to placing them in
66:
Various myths tell the stories about the quest for rejuvenation. It was believed that
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of youth from young people to old. Some examples of this approach were sleeping with
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1379:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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1110:"Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision"
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71:
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and try to oppose those causes in order to slow aging. Rejuvenation is the
1058:"A ride through the epigenetic landscape: aging reversal by reprogramming"
274:(HGH); 2. the sexual hormones: testosterone or oestrogen/progesterone; 3.
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2116:
2099:
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804:
759:
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29:
Medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the aging process
24:
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There have been many experiments which have been shown to increase the
107:
87:
The stories continued well into the 16th century. The
Spanish explorer
36:
152:. All around Europe, and also beyond, alchemists were looking for the
54:
of aging and thus requires a different strategy, namely repair of the
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2633:
2051:
1711:
1580:
968:
769:
619:
446:
422:
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250:. If any of that damage can be repaired, the result is rejuvenation.
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809:
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596:
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243:
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in and on the body which, when it can no longer be tolerated by an
645:(the most lethal consequence of mutations) the strategy is to use
495:
2067:
1812:
1373:
Dhahbi JM, Kim HJ, Mote PL, Beaver RJ, Spindler SR (April 2004).
794:
635:
577:
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266:
168:
149:
134:
96:
35:
is a medical discipline focused on the practical reversal of the
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1555:
1471:
642:
592:
585:
523:
458:
414:
223:
180:
138:
133:
Another commonly cited approach was attempting to transfer the
127:
119:
81:
55:
23:"Rejuvenate" redirects here. For the album by Ralph Moore, see
441:
functions as a self-organizing system to regenerate the limb.
2603:
1822:
932:
356:
has been proposed as a potential rejuvenation strategy. See
338:
247:
219:
142:
47:
2020:
650:
554:
462:
397:
of a tissue structure to regenerate the necessary body part
302:
279:
983:
1175:"Aging clocks based on accumulating stochastic variation"
418:
322:
1043:"Young blood to be used in ultimate rejuvenation trial"
1055:
518:
Cell loss can be repaired (reversed) just by suitable
480:, and would be broken up in the stomach if swallowed.
46:. Life extension strategies often study the causes of
1106:
61:
1372:
148:The quest for rejuvenation reached its height with
1234:"Gene therapy. Putting the fingers on gene repair"
1272:
1173:Meyer, David H.; Schumacher, Björn (2024-05-09).
425:. For regeneration the salamander tissues form a
171:. Noteworthy people who had the surgery included
2687:
666:to expedite progress in the above-listed areas.
591:For intracellular junk we need to introduce new
297:repair have traditionally involved the use of a
1932:Lifespan: Why We Age – and Why We Don't Have To
1636:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
1172:
502:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
496:Strategies for engineered negligible senescence
265:. A few experimental methods such as replacing
603:) that our own natural enzymes cannot degrade.
2036:
1512:
1498:
1056:de Lima Camillo LP, Quinlan RB (April 2021).
638:would then be imported into the mitochondria.
1315:
1266:
876:
848:(2004). "Welcome to Rejuvenation Research".
2043:
2029:
1505:
1491:
1431:
549:against them. Or they can be destroyed by
1591:Index of topics related to life extension
1408:
1398:
1341:
1249:
1208:
1190:
1149:
1083:
1073:
1017:
905:
882:"How to live forever: lessons of history"
160:and so to the medical advances of today.
945:
476:is too large to be absorbed through the
1040:
844:
705:American Academy of Anti-Aging Medicine
662:In 2009, Aubrey de Grey co-founded the
2688:
1231:
634:when damage occurs. All mitochondrial
214:
2024:
1486:
1316:Brockes JP, Kumar A (December 2005).
688:ISSN 1549-1684 – Published Bimonthly.
669:
526:. For other tissues it needs various
1432:de Grey A, Rae M (September 2007).
126:. It was widely believed that some
13:
966:Jones, David. (December 11, 1986)
386:Implantation of stem cells into a
62:Historical and cultural background
14:
2722:
1464:
557:" that only kill senescent cells.
545:can be removed by activating the
367:uses three different strategies:
2706:Concepts in alternative medicine
2186:Biodemography of human longevity
1649:
1470:
928:Common, Laura. (April 25, 2000)
345:, to correct those mutations in
1666:Timeline of senescence research
1425:
1366:
1309:
1225:
1166:
177:International Harvester Company
1100:
1049:
1034:
977:
960:
939:
922:
870:
838:
42:Rejuvenation is distinct from
1:
2050:
1251:10.1126/science.310.5756.1894
1041:Thomson H (August 20, 2014).
831:
618:experiences a high degree of
599:, that can degrade the junk (
595:, possibly enzymes from soil
91:led an expedition around the
18:Rejuvenation (disambiguation)
946:Grossman R (31 March 1985).
534:, or in some cases it needs
305:into a random position on a
164:Serge Abrahamovitch Voronoff
7:
1793:Alliance for Aging Research
692:
588:cells to "eat" the garbage.
566:can largely be reversed by
261:animals, thereby achieving
179:, and the aging premier of
175:, chairman of the board of
10:
2727:
2127:research into centenarians
1828:Gerontology Research Group
1232:Kaiser J (December 2005).
1192:10.1038/s43587-024-00619-x
1075:10.1007/s11357-021-00358-6
864:10.1089/154916804323105017
730:DNA damage theory of aging
499:
405:can not only regenerate a
358:DNA damage theory of aging
246:, ultimately leads to its
22:
15:
2647:
2596:
2556:
2518:
2473:
2318:
2260:
2249:
2196:Longevity escape velocity
2159:
2083:aging-associated diseases
2058:
2002:
1942:
1891:
1868:MPI for Biology of Ageing
1770:
1674:
1658:
1647:
1601:Longevity escape velocity
1523:
1287:10.1016/j.arr.2020.101154
1134:10.1038/s41586-020-2975-4
898:10.1136/bmj.321.7276.1580
409:, but can regenerate the
2675:Longest-living organisms
1979:Experimental Gerontology
1878:SENS Research Foundation
327:homologous recombination
1951:Ageing Research Reviews
1596:List of aging processes
1400:10.1073/pnas.0305300101
1343:10.1126/science.1115200
1275:Ageing Research Reviews
580:) can be eliminated by
390:that guides restoration
313:(which determine where
222:is the accumulation of
130:may restore the youth.
106:Since the emergence of
2670:Transhumanist politics
2588:Immortality in fiction
2566:Biological immortality
2110:cognitive epidemiology
1641:Transhumanist politics
720:Biological immortality
686:Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.
553:to introduce "suicide
474:191-amino acid protein
421:and can regenerate an
393:Induction of residual
278:(EPO); 4. insulin; 5.
2474:regions by continents
2093:negligible senescence
2088:degenerative diseases
1993:Rejuvenation Research
1986:Neurobiology of Aging
1863:Methuselah Foundation
851:Rejuvenation Research
677:Rejuvenation Research
626:are generated in the
614:by gene therapy. The
365:regenerative medicine
315:transcription factors
70:or intervention of a
2319:regions of countries
2139:LGBT life expectancy
1479:at Wikimedia Commons
1477:Rejuvenation (aging)
622:damage because most
490:age-related diseases
272:human growth hormone
205:Kim Stanley Robinson
114:and self-proclaimed
16:For other uses, see
2660:Longevity insurance
2578:Digital immortality
2204:calorie restriction
2191:Indefinite lifespan
2181:Anti-aging movement
2151:Biomarkers of aging
1838:Immortalist Society
1586:Indefinite lifespan
1566:Free-radical theory
1546:Calorie restriction
1536:Anti-aging movement
1391:2004PNAS..101.5524D
1334:2005Sci...310.1919B
1126:2020Natur.588..124L
1010:10.1038/nature09603
1002:2011Natur.469..102J
880:, Martyn C (2000).
825:Therapeutic cloning
765:Indefinite lifespan
740:Facial rejuvenation
710:Anti-aging movement
337:of patients having
309:. But by attaching
215:Modern developments
154:Philosopher's Stone
2310:World macroregions
2209:Diet and longevity
1908:The First Immortal
1440:St. Martin's Press
820:Tissue engineering
670:Scientific journal
431:de-differentiation
89:Juan Ponce de León
2683:
2682:
2514:
2513:
2234:stem-cell therapy
2146:Maximum life span
2018:
2017:
1848:Insilico Medicine
1687:Eric R. Braverman
1631:Stem-cell therapy
1475:Media related to
1453:978-0-312-36706-0
1328:(5756): 1919–23.
1120:(7836): 124–129.
790:Photorejuvenation
780:Maximum life span
745:Fountain of Youth
616:mitochondrial DNA
435:mesenchymal cells
379:into an existing
347:laboratory dishes
293:Most attempts at
255:maximum life span
196:Peter F. Hamilton
192:Commonwealth Saga
158:scientific method
101:Fountain of Youth
93:Caribbean islands
2718:
2526:Longevity claims
2258:
2257:
2122:supercentenarian
2045:
2038:
2031:
2022:
2021:
1916:Fantastic Voyage
1707:Leonard Hayflick
1653:
1507:
1500:
1493:
1484:
1483:
1474:
1458:
1457:
1438:. New York, NY:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1345:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1253:
1244:(5756): 1894–6.
1229:
1223:
1222:
1212:
1194:
1170:
1164:
1163:
1153:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1077:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1045:. New Scientist.
1038:
1032:
1031:
1021:
981:
975:
964:
958:
957:
943:
937:
930:The Medical Post
926:
920:
919:
909:
892:(7276): 1580–2.
874:
868:
867:
842:
478:mucous membranes
451:Cosmetic surgery
445:correlated with
371:Implantation of
301:to insert a new
288:Yamanaka factors
209:Revelation Space
173:Harold McCormick
2726:
2725:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2686:
2685:
2684:
2679:
2643:
2597:Longevity genes
2592:
2552:
2510:
2469:
2314:
2253:life expectancy
2251:
2245:
2155:
2134:Life expectancy
2073:Longevity myths
2054:
2049:
2019:
2014:
1998:
1938:
1887:
1883:Sierra Sciences
1833:Human Longevity
1778:2045 Initiative
1766:
1762:Michael D. West
1670:
1654:
1645:
1519:
1511:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1454:
1430:
1426:
1371:
1367:
1314:
1310:
1271:
1267:
1230:
1226:
1171:
1167:
1105:
1101:
1054:
1050:
1039:
1035:
996:(7328): 102–6.
982:
978:
965:
961:
953:Chicago Tribune
944:
940:
927:
923:
875:
871:
843:
839:
834:
829:
695:
672:
664:SENS Foundation
522:in the case of
506:The biomedical
504:
498:
388:tissue scaffold
217:
64:
30:
27:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2724:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2696:Life extension
2681:
2680:
2678:
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2672:
2667:
2665:Longevity risk
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2255:
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2236:
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2226:
2224:organ printing
2221:
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2206:
2198:
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2188:
2183:
2178:
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2163:
2161:Life extension
2157:
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2143:
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2141:
2131:
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2112:
2107:
2105:biogerontology
2097:
2096:
2095:
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2085:
2075:
2070:
2064:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2040:
2033:
2025:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2012:
2010:Life extension
2006:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1975:
1972:Biogerontology
1968:
1961:
1954:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1900:Life Extension
1895:
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1886:
1885:
1880:
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1860:
1855:
1850:
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1808:Buck Institute
1805:
1800:
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1774:
1772:
1768:
1767:
1765:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1732:Ilya Mechnikov
1729:
1724:
1722:Dimu Kotsovsky
1719:
1717:Cynthia Kenyon
1714:
1709:
1704:
1699:
1694:
1692:Aubrey de Grey
1689:
1684:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1669:
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1662:
1660:
1656:
1655:
1648:
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1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1616:Organ printing
1613:
1608:
1606:Mind uploading
1603:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
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1548:
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1521:
1520:
1517:life extension
1510:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1487:
1481:
1480:
1466:
1465:External links
1463:
1460:
1459:
1452:
1424:
1385:(15): 5524–9.
1365:
1308:
1265:
1224:
1185:(6): 871–885.
1165:
1099:
1068:(2): 463–485.
1048:
1033:
976:
959:
938:
921:
869:
836:
835:
833:
830:
828:
827:
822:
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812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
787:
782:
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775:Life extension
772:
767:
762:
757:
755:Hayflick limit
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
715:Biogerontology
712:
707:
702:
696:
694:
691:
690:
689:
682:Aubrey de Grey
671:
668:
660:
659:
649:to delete the
639:
604:
589:
576:garbage (like
571:
558:
539:
528:growth factors
511:Aubrey de Grey
500:Main article:
497:
494:
399:
398:
391:
384:
276:erythropoietin
263:life extension
228:macromolecules
216:
213:
188:Misspent Youth
63:
60:
44:life extension
28:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2723:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2701:Transhumanism
2699:
2697:
2694:
2693:
2691:
2676:
2673:
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2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
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2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2595:
2589:
2586:
2584:
2583:Eternal youth
2581:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2555:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:Oldest people
2529:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2507:
2506:South America
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2496:North America
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2288:South America
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2169:Topic outline
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2158:
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2149:
2147:
2144:
2140:
2137:
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2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1995:
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1990:
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1983:
1981:
1980:
1976:
1974:
1973:
1969:
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1962:
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1771:Organizations
1769:
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1702:Denham Harman
1700:
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1534:
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1531:Anti-oxidants
1529:
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1496:
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766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
735:Eternal youth
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
697:
687:
684:. Publisher:
683:
679:
678:
674:
673:
667:
665:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
637:
633:
629:
625:
624:free radicals
621:
617:
613:
609:
608:mitochondrial
605:
602:
598:
594:
590:
587:
583:
579:
575:
574:Extracellular
572:
569:
565:
564:cross-linking
562:
559:
556:
552:
548:
547:immune system
544:
540:
537:
533:
532:cell division
530:to stimulate
529:
525:
521:
517:
516:
515:
512:
509:
508:gerontologist
503:
493:
491:
486:
481:
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396:
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389:
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370:
369:
368:
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361:
359:
355:
350:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
321:(which break
320:
319:endonucleases
316:
312:
308:
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281:
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109:
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98:
94:
90:
85:
83:
78:
75:
73:
69:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
38:
37:aging process
34:
26:
19:
2571:Regeneration
2423:South Africa
2229:rejuvenation
2228:
2219:nanomedicine
2214:gene therapy
1991:
1984:
1977:
1970:
1963:
1956:
1949:
1930:
1924:Ending Aging
1922:
1914:
1906:
1898:
1742:Durk Pearson
1727:Ray Kurzweil
1697:Laura Deming
1682:Bill Andrews
1621:Rejuvenation
1620:
1611:Nanomedicine
1571:Gene therapy
1434:
1427:
1382:
1378:
1368:
1325:
1321:
1311:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1182:
1179:Nature Aging
1178:
1168:
1117:
1113:
1102:
1065:
1061:
1051:
1036:
993:
989:
979:
972:
967:
962:
951:
941:
934:
924:
889:
885:
872:
855:
849:
840:
785:Nanomedicine
675:
661:
647:gene therapy
628:mitochondria
612:cell nucleus
551:gene therapy
505:
482:
467:
443:
400:
362:
351:
311:zinc fingers
292:
252:
218:
201:Mars trilogy
185:
162:
147:
132:
105:
99:to find the
86:
79:
76:
72:supernatural
65:
51:
41:
33:Rejuvenation
32:
31:
2558:Immortality
2117:Centenarian
2100:Gerontology
1757:Roy Walford
1737:Liz Parrish
1576:Gerontology
1442:. pp.
1062:GeroScience
805:Shunamitism
760:Immortality
700:Aging brain
582:vaccination
470:homeopathic
335:bone marrow
25:Rejuvenate!
2711:Senescence
2690:Categories
2541:by country
2438:Tajikistan
2403:Kazakhstan
2261:by country
2078:Senescence
2003:Categories
1965:Aging Cell
1798:Altos Labs
1752:Sandy Shaw
1626:Senescence
1541:Biohacking
1514:Outline of
1281:: 101154.
846:De Grey AD
832:References
815:Telomerase
800:Senescence
725:DNA repair
655:telomerase
632:DNA repair
601:lipofuscin
584:that gets
541:Senescent
536:stem cells
437:, and the
403:salamander
373:stem cells
363:Stem cell
354:DNA repair
331:stem cells
325:strands),
307:chromosome
299:retrovirus
284:parabiosis
259:laboratory
108:philosophy
2655:Blue zone
2413:Palestine
2331:Australia
2326:Argentina
2052:Longevity
1747:Mark Roth
1712:Saul Kent
1581:Glycation
1303:221824975
1201:2662-8465
1142:1476-4687
969:The Times
770:Kayakalpa
620:mutagenic
447:happiness
423:intestine
383:structure
352:Enhanced
343:mutations
333:from the
317:bind) to
95:and into
2536:verified
2458:shortest
2278:Americas
2250:Lists of
2200:Methods
1943:Journals
1561:Exercise
1551:Cryonics
1419:15044709
1360:22810456
1352:16373567
1295:32977059
1260:16373552
1219:38724736
1210:11186771
1160:33268865
1094:33825176
1028:21113150
916:11124187
878:Shapin S
810:Telomere
750:Hayflick
693:See also
680:Editor:
636:proteins
597:bacteria
520:exercise
439:blastema
427:blastema
341:disease
267:hormones
244:organism
143:children
124:sponsors
52:reversal
2648:Related
2519:Records
2501:Oceania
2463:longest
2373:Germany
2368:Finland
2336:Belgium
2305:Oceania
2068:Old age
1813:BioViva
1387:Bibcode
1330:Bibcode
1322:Science
1238:Science
1151:7752134
1122:Bibcode
1085:8110674
1019:3057569
998:Bibcode
907:1119261
858:: 1–2.
795:SAGE KE
593:enzymes
578:amyloid
561:Protein
459:breasts
455:abdomen
377:culture
295:genetic
236:tissues
169:Algiers
150:alchemy
139:virgins
135:essence
128:potions
120:patrons
116:wizards
97:Florida
2629:Klotho
2546:living
2491:Europe
2481:Africa
2443:Turkey
2433:Sweden
2418:Russia
2408:Mexico
2388:Israel
2378:Greece
2363:France
2356:Cities
2346:Canada
2341:Brazil
2300:Europe
2273:Africa
2060:Ageing
1935:(2019)
1927:(2007)
1919:(2004)
1911:(1998)
1903:(1982)
1818:Calico
1675:People
1659:Events
1556:Cyborg
1524:Issues
1450:
1417:
1410:397416
1407:
1358:
1350:
1301:
1293:
1258:
1217:
1207:
1199:
1158:
1148:
1140:
1114:Nature
1092:
1082:
1026:
1016:
990:Nature
914:
904:
643:cancer
586:immune
524:muscle
485:Mprize
417:of an
415:retina
381:tissue
240:organs
224:damage
181:Turkey
82:heaven
56:damage
2634:SIRT1
2604:FOXO3
2428:Spain
2398:Japan
2393:Italy
2383:India
2351:China
2268:World
2174:index
1958:Aging
1892:Books
1823:ERIBA
1356:S2CID
1299:S2CID
651:genes
568:drugs
555:genes
543:cells
395:cells
375:from
339:blood
248:death
232:cells
220:Aging
112:sages
68:magic
48:aging
2614:CETP
2609:APOE
2486:Asia
2295:Asia
2239:SENS
1853:LEAF
1788:AgeX
1448:ISBN
1415:PMID
1348:PMID
1291:PMID
1256:PMID
1215:PMID
1197:ISSN
1156:PMID
1138:ISSN
1090:PMID
1024:PMID
912:PMID
653:for
641:For
606:For
483:The
463:face
411:lens
407:limb
303:gene
280:DHEA
238:and
190:and
122:and
2639:TNF
2624:IL6
2619:ACE
2453:USA
1873:NIA
1858:LEF
1843:ILA
1803:AGE
1783:A4M
1444:416
1405:PMC
1395:doi
1383:101
1338:doi
1326:310
1283:doi
1246:doi
1242:310
1205:PMC
1187:doi
1146:PMC
1130:doi
1118:588
1080:PMC
1070:doi
1014:PMC
1006:doi
994:469
902:PMC
894:doi
890:321
886:BMJ
860:doi
658:so.
465:).
433:of
429:by
419:eye
413:or
323:DNA
257:of
226:to
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