46:. The aim of the group was to co-ordinate the activities of the many small anti-Semitic organisations active at the time and to bring as many of these as possible under its banner. A movement rather than a political party, it sought to be above party politics and to instead encourage a renewal of the German way of life from an anti-
79:, also appeared in 1912 under Fritsch, although it was a clandestine group for leading members of society who wished to work in secret rather than the Bund which was open. The Bund itself was close to the
102:
as an opportunity to banish softness from
Germany and return the country to its harsh, militaristic roots. From 1914 the group took a leading role in gathering
305:
95:
and Karl August
Hellwig. It was Hellwig who drafted the group's constitution and who exercised effective control in the early days of the Bund.
315:
122:
320:
300:
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229:
224:
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92:
142:"Blood and Homeland": Eugenics and Racial Nationalism in Central and Southeast Europe, 1900-1940
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55:
8:
63:
103:
166:
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24:
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as part of its continuing policy of forming an umbrella anti-Semitic movement.
88:
200:
Antisemitism: A Historical
Encyclopedia of Prejudice and Persecution, Volume 1
294:
75:
20:
118:
47:
110:
in the German war effort, much of which later formed the basis of the
38:
influences had contaminated
Germany and attempted to argue that their
80:
268:
Michael
Brenner, Rainer Liedtke, David Rechter, Werner Eugen Mosse,
51:
43:
270:
Two
Nations: British and German Jews in Comparative Perspective
39:
35:
34:, a journal founded by Fritsch in 1902, the Bund argued that
87:
as amongst its founder members were List
Society activists
117:
In 1919 the group, at the instigation of
Fritsch's friend
107:
50:perspective. The battle sign of the group was the
144:, Central European University Press, 2007, p. 441
70:, which preached racial purity and antisemitism.
292:
153:Heinrich August Winkler & Alexander Sager,
58:to use the symbol. The founding document for
186:, Allworth Communications, Inc., 2000, p. 11
306:Political organisations based in Germany
184:The Swastika: Symbol Beyond Redemption?
157:, Oxford University Press, 2006, p. 287
293:
123:Deutschvölkischer Schutz und Trutzbund
155:Germany: The Long Road West, Volume 1
106:relating to the involvement of the
54:, making the Bund one of the first
19:(Reich Hammer League) was a German
13:
98:They welcomed the outbreak of the
14:
332:
316:Organizations established in 1912
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262:
321:1912 establishments in Germany
272:, Mohr Siebeck, 1999, pp.177-8
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140:Marius Turda, Paul Weindling,
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1:
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171:A History of Fascism 1914-45
23:movement founded in 1912 by
7:
233:, Tauris Parke, 2005, p. 45
73:A sister organisation, the
10:
337:
230:The Occult Roots of Nazism
173:, Routledge, 2001, p. 151
225:Nicholas Goodrick-Clarke
202:, ABC-CLIO, 2005, p. 297
301:Antisemitism in Germany
255:Turda & Weindling,
112:stab-in-the-back legend
93:Eberhard von Brockhusen
85:Guido von List Society
257:"Blood and Homeland":
64:Willibald Hentschel
311:Germanic mysticism
121:, merged into the
104:anecdotal evidence
56:Völkisch movements
242:Goodrick-Clarke,
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17:Reichshammerbund
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182:Steven Heller,
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100:First World War
42:had a basis in
25:Theodor Fritsch
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66:'s 1901 book
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283:Antisemitism
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21:anti-Semitic
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119:Alfred Roth
295:Categories
129:References
60:The Hammer
48:capitalist
32:The Hammer
81:occultism
62:had been
30:Based on
285:, p. 266
259:, p. 443
246:, p. 126
215:, p. 269
52:swastika
83:of the
44:biology
281:Levy,
211:Levy,
68:Varuna
40:racism
36:Jewish
108:Jews
297::
227:,
198:,
169:,
114:.
91:,
27:.
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